Datasets:

wufuheng

/

wikitext-103-v1-5p

like 0

As a captain , Jardine inspired great loyalty in his players , even if they did not approve of his tactics . Christopher Douglas judges that Jardine did very well to keep the team united and loyal on the Bodyline tour . He points out that team spirit was always excellent and the players showed great determination and resolve . Jardine particularly impressed Yorkshiremen who played under him , as they believed he thought about cricket in a similar way to their county colleagues . He became close to Herbert Sutcliffe during the Bodyline tour , even though Sutcliffe was sceptical about Jardine on the previous Australian tour in 1928 – 29 . Hedley Verity was impressed by Jardine 's tactical understanding and named his younger son Douglas after the captain . Bill Bowes expressed approval of his leadership after initial misgivings , and went on to call him England 's greatest captain . Nevertheless , some players such as Arthur Mitchell who played under Jardine believed he was intolerant and unsupportive of players of lesser talent , expecting everyone to perform at world @-@ class standards .

Jardine insisted on strict discipline from his players but in return he went to great lengths to look after them , such as organising dental treatment or providing champagne for his tired bowlers . Critics praised his skill in field placing , which was sometimes interpreted as panic when he made frequent changes if the batsmen were on top . He also displayed great physical courage , such as when he was struck by a ball hard enough to draw blood on the Bodyline tour , but refused to show pain before reaching the dressing room . On the same tour , he instructed his men not to be friendly or to socialise with the Australian players ; Gubby Allen even claimed that Jardine instructed the team to hate the Australians . Robertson @-@ Glasgow wrote that Jardine made thorough preparation for games in which he was captain , studying individual batsmen at great length to find weaknesses . He had very clear plans , judged the strengths and weaknesses of his teams and knew how to get the best out of individual players . However , Robertson @-@ Glasgow considered it a grave misjudgement to make Jardine captain of England , particularly given his known antipathy towards Australia . Pelham Warner described how Jardine " was a master of tactics and strategy , and was especially adept in managing fast bowlers and thereby preserving their energy . He possessed a great capacity for taking pains , which , it has been said , is the mark of a genius ... As a field tactician and selector of teams he was , I consider , surpassed by no one and equalled by few , if any . "

Laurence Le Quesne argues that one of Jardine 's greatest talents , and at the same time greatest weaknesses , was his ability to formulate a winning strategy without consideration of wider contexts such as the social aspect of the game . On the Bodyline tour , he ignored the diplomacy required of an M.C.C. delegation . Instead , he embarked , according to Le Quesne , to win the Tests and settle personal scores with the Australians . Jardine was personally incapable of reacting to the crowds or responding to the controversy in a way that would have eased tensions , and so was not a good choice as captain given what the selectors already knew of him . Nevertheless , Le Quesne believed that when trouble arose , Jardine conducted himself with " great moral courage and an impressive degree of dignity and restraint . "

In his Wisden obituary , Jardine was described as one of England 's best captains , while Jack Hobbs rated him the second best captain after Percy Fender . Warner also said that he was a fine captain on and off the field , and in dealing with administrators . In fact , he stated that , " If ever there was a cricket match between England and the rest of the world and the fate of England depended upon its result , I would pick Jardine as England captain every time . "

= = = Personality = = =

Jardine divided opinion among those with whom he played . He could be charming and witty or ruthless and harsh , while many people who knew him believed him to be innately shy . David Frith describes him as a complex figure who could change moods quickly . Although he could be friendly off the field , he became hostile and determined once he stepped onto the field . At his memorial service , he was described by Hubert Ashton as being " provocative , austere , brusque , shy , humble , thoughtful , kindly , proud , sensitive , single @-@ minded and possessed of immense moral and physical courage , " and Frith argues that these varied qualities are easily proven by what was said about him .

Harold Larwood maintained great respect for Jardine , <unk> a gift his captain gave him after the Bodyline tour and believing him to be a great man . Jardine showed affection for Larwood in return even after both of their retirements ; he expressed his concern for the way Larwood was treated , hosted a lunch for the former fast bowler shortly before he emigrated to Australia and met him there in 1954 . On the other hand , Donald Bradman would never speak to journalists about Bodyline or Jardine , and refused to give a tribute when Jardine died in 1958 . Jack Fingleton admitted that he had liked Jardine and stated that he and Larwood had each done their job on the Bodyline tour , and expressed regret at the way both left cricket in acrimonious circumstances . Fingleton also described Jardine as an aloof individual who preferred to take his time in judging a person before befriending them , a quality that caused problems in Australia . Bill O 'Reilly stated that he disliked Jardine at the time of Bodyline , but on meeting him later found him agreeable and even charming .

Alan Gibson said that Jardine had " irony rather than humour " . He sent Herbert Sutcliffe an umbrella as a joke on the day of his benefit match , when rain would have ruined the match and lost Sutcliffe a considerable amount of money . Many people who knew Jardine later in his life described him as having a sense of humour . Robertson @-@ Glasgow noted that while he could curse very eloquently , Jardine displayed " dislike of waste in material or words . " He also commented that " if he has sometimes been a fierce enemy , he has also been a wonderful friend . "

= = Later life = =

= = = Career after cricket = = =

Shortly before the tour of India in 1933 – 34 , Jardine became engaged and on 14 September 1934 , married Irene " Isla " Margaret Peat in London . She had met Jardine at shooting parties at her father 's Norfolk home . According to Gerald Howat , Jardine 's marriage was the probable reason for his giving up playing first @-@ class cricket . Jardine 's father @-@ in @-@ law was keen for him to pursue his law career but he instead continued as a bank clerk and began to work as a journalist . He reported on the 1934 Ashes for the Evening Standard . His writing for the press , and in a follow @-@ up book on the series , was critical of selectors but less so of the players . In 1936 , he penned Cricket : how to succeed , which was written as an instruction book for the National Union of Teachers . There was a possibility of his going to Australia as a journalist to cover the M.C.C. tour of 1936 – 37 , to the dismay of Hore @-@ Ruthven , but nothing came of this . With alterations to the law in 1935 , changing the lbw law and preventing Bodyline bowling , Jardine became increasingly disillusioned with top @-@ level cricket . He had grown uncomfortable with the nationalism stirred up by Tests , the greed of clubs and the large public following of individual players , particularly Bradman . At the same time , Jardine seemed to be ostracised by cricket writers and commentators , who simply ignored him . For example , Wisden made no mention of his retirement . Christopher Douglas believes that Jardine was used as a scapegoat for Bodyline once the M.C.C. stopped supporting the tactic and that a stigma was attached to him for the rest of his life and beyond .

Although Jardine had retired from regular first @-@ class competition , he continued to play club cricket . Jardine and his wife initially lived in Kensington but moved to Reading after the birth of their first child , daughter <unk> . A second daughter , Marion , followed but the family suffered from financial worries . Jardine , as well as working in journalism , earned money from playing bridge . The family also tried unsuccessfully to engage in market gardening . To make more money , Jardine became a salesman with Cable & Wireless before working for a coal mining company in the late 1930s . In 1939 , he returned to cricket journalism and according to Christopher Douglas , achieved his highest standard as a writer .

= = = Career in the Second World War = = =

Jardine joined the Territorial Army in August 1939 . Once World War II began , he was commissioned into the Royal Berkshire Regiment and went with the British Expeditionary Force to France . He served at Dunkirk , where he was fortunate to escape but suffered some injuries . After serving as staff captain at St. Albans , he was posted to India for the remainder of the war . He served in Quetta , then Simla as a major in the Central Provisions Directorate . He became fluent in the Hindustani language and although friendly , never formed close relationships with other officers . He gave lectures and played some cricket while in India . He left the army in 1945 only to find his job with the coal mining company was no longer available .

In the meantime , his wife had moved to Somerset . In 1940 , she gave birth to a son , Euan , who had many medical problems , and in 1943 she bore a third daughter , Iona . The pressure of running the household and caring for Euan led Isla to have a nervous breakdown after Iona 's birth . When Jardine returned from the war , the family moved to Radlett to be closer to London . Isla recovered and Jardine found a job with paper manufacturers Wiggins <unk> . In 1946 , Jardine was chosen to play for Old England in a popular and successful fund raising match against Surrey . He displayed much of his old batting skill but did not show much involvement with his team @-@ mates . By 1948 , Jardine was more accepted in the cricket world . This was partly due to English perception of the short @-@ pitched fast bowling of Australian pairing Ray Lindwall and Keith Miller as being hostile . England 's poor performance in the 1946 – 47 and 1948 Ashes also caused writers to remember Jardine more fondly as an icon of past English success .

= = = Final years = = =

In 1953 , Jardine resumed journalism for the Ashes series and expressed a high opinion of Len Hutton 's captaincy . He also did some broadcasting and wrote short stories to supplement his income ; Isla was in poor health and her medical care was expensive . In the same year , he became the first President of the Umpires Association , while from 1955 to 1957 he was President of the Oxford University Cricket Club . In 1953 , he travelled , with some trepidation , as a board member of the Scottish Australian Company to inspect some land in Australia . While there , he struck up a friendship with Fingleton and was surprised to be well received in the country , in his own words , as " an old so @-@ and @-@ so who got away with it . "

In 1957 , Jardine travelled to Rhodesia , again to inspect some land , with his daughter Marion . While there , he became ill with tick fever . He showed no improvement upon his return to England and further tests revealed that he had advanced lung cancer . After some treatment , he travelled with his wife to a clinic in Switzerland but it was discovered that the cancer had spread and was incurable . He died in Switzerland on 18 June 1958 and his ashes were scattered over the top of <unk> Cross mountain in Perthshire , Scotland . His family had enquired about having his ashes dispersed at Lord 's , but this honour was restricted to war dead . When he died , his estate was valued at just over £ 71 @,@ 000 , which would have been worth around £ 1 ¼ million in 2008 .

= = Legacy = =

Jardine is inextricably associated with Bodyline . John Arlott wrote in 1989 that " It is no exaggeration to say that , among Australians , Douglas Jardine is probably the most disliked of cricketers . " In the view of Christopher Douglas , his name " stands for the legendary British qualities of cool @-@ headed determination , implacable resolve , patrician disdain for crowds and critics alike – if you 're English that is . To Australians the name is synonymous with the legendary British qualities of snobbishness , cynicism and downright <unk> arrogance . " He also argues that Bodyline , which was legal at the time , was a necessary step to overcome the unfair advantage which batsmen of the time enjoyed .

After the Bodyline tour , according to cricket writer Gideon Haigh , Jardine was seen as " the most reviled man in sport . " This perception faded from the 1950s onwards , and in more recent times , Jardine has been viewed more sympathetically . In 2002 , the England captain Nasser Hussain was compared to Jardine as a compliment when he displayed ruthlessness against the opposition .

= Maniac Mansion =

Maniac Mansion is a 1987 graphic adventure video game developed and published by Lucasfilm Games . It follows teenage protagonist Dave Miller as he attempts to rescue his girlfriend from a mad scientist , whose mind has been enslaved by a sentient meteor . The player uses a point @-@ and @-@ click interface to guide Dave and two of his six playable friends through the scientist 's mansion while solving puzzles and avoiding dangers . Gameplay is nonlinear , and the game must be completed in different ways based on the player 's choice of characters . Initially released for the Commodore 64 and Apple II , Maniac Mansion was Lucasfilm Games ' first self @-@ published product .

The game was conceived in 1985 by Ron Gilbert and Gary Winnick , who sought to tell a comedic story based on horror film and B movie clichés . They mapped out the project as a paper @-@ and @-@ pencil game before coding commenced . While earlier adventure titles had relied on command lines , Gilbert disliked such systems , and he developed Maniac Mansion 's simpler point @-@ and @-@ click interface as a replacement . To speed up production , he created a game engine called SCUMM , which was used in many later LucasArts titles . After its release , Maniac Mansion was ported to several platforms . A port for the Nintendo Entertainment System had to be reworked heavily , in response to complaints by Nintendo of America that the game was inappropriate for children .

Maniac Mansion was critically acclaimed : reviewers lauded its graphics , cutscenes , animation and humor . Writer Orson Scott Card praised it as a step toward " computer games [ becoming ] a valid storytelling art . " It influenced numerous graphic adventure titles , and its point @-@ and @-@ click interface became a standard feature in the genre . The game 's success solidified Lucasfilm as a serious rival to adventure game studios such as Sierra On @-@ Line . In 1990 , Maniac Mansion was adapted into a three @-@ season television series of the same name , written by Eugene Levy and starring Joe Flaherty . A sequel to the game , entitled Day of the Tentacle , was released in 1993 .

= = Overview = =

Maniac Mansion is a graphic adventure game in which the player uses a point @-@ and @-@ click interface to guide characters through a two @-@ dimensional game world and to solve puzzles . Fifteen action commands , such as " Walk To " and " <unk> " , may be selected by the player from a menu on the screen 's lower half . The player starts the game by choosing two out of six characters to accompany protagonist Dave Miller . Each character possesses unique abilities : for example , Syd and Razor can play musical instruments , while Bernard can repair appliances . The game may be completed with any combination of characters ; but , since many puzzles are solvable only by certain characters , different paths must be taken based on the group 's composition . Maniac Mansion features cutscenes , a word coined by Ron Gilbert , that interrupt gameplay to advance the story and inform the player about offscreen events .

The game takes place in the mansion of the fictional Edison family : Dr. Fred , a mad scientist ; Nurse Edna , his wife ; and their son Weird Ed . Living with the <unk> are two large , disembodied tentacles , one purple and the other green . The intro sequence shows that a sentient meteor crashed near the mansion twenty years earlier ; it brainwashed the <unk> and directed Dr. Fred to obtain human brains for use in experiments . The game begins as Dave Miller prepares to enter the mansion to rescue his girlfriend , Sandy <unk> , who was kidnapped by Dr. Fred . With the exception of the green tentacle , the mansion 's inhabitants are hostile , and will throw the player characters into the dungeon — or , in some situations , kill them — if they see them . When a character dies , the player must choose a replacement from the unselected characters ; and the game ends if all characters are killed . Maniac Mansion has five possible endings , based on which characters are chosen , which survive , and what the characters accomplish .

= = Development = =

= = = Conception = = =

Maniac Mansion was conceived in 1985 , when Lucasfilm Games employees Ron Gilbert and Gary Winnick were assigned to create an original game . Gilbert had been hired the previous year as a programmer for the game Koronis Rift . He befriended Winnick over their similar tastes in humor , film and television . Company management provided little oversight in the creation of Maniac Mansion , a trend to which Gilbert credited the success of several of his games for Lucasfilm .

Gilbert and Winnick co @-@ wrote and co @-@ designed the project , but they worked separately as well : Gilbert on programming and Winnick on visuals . As both of them enjoyed B horror films , they decided to make a comedy @-@ horror game set in a haunted house . They drew inspiration from a film whose name Winnick could not recall . He described it as " a ridiculous teen horror movie " , in which teenagers inside a building were killed one by one without any thought of leaving . This film , combined with clichés from popular horror movies such as Friday the 13th and A Nightmare on Elm Street , became the basis for the game 's setting . Early work on the game progressed organically : according to Gilbert , " Very little was written down . Gary and I just talked and laughed a lot , and out it came . " Lucasfilm Games relocated to the Stable House at Skywalker Ranch during Maniac Mansion 's conception period , and the ranch 's Main House was used as a model for the mansion . Several rooms from the Main House received exact reproductions in the game , such as a library with a spiral staircase and a media room with a large @-@ screen TV and grand piano .

Story and characters were a primary concern for Gilbert and Winnick . The pair based the game 's cast on friends , family members , acquaintances and stereotypes . For example , Winnick 's girlfriend Ray was the inspiration for Razor , while Dave and Wendy were based , respectively , on Gilbert and a fellow Lucasfilm employee named Wendy . According to Winnick , the Edison family was shaped after characters from EC Comics and Warren Publishing magazines . The sentient meteor that brainwashes Dr. Fred was inspired by a segment from the 1982 anthology film Creepshow . A man @-@ eating plant , similar to that of Little Shop of Horrors , was included as well . The developers sought to strike a balance between tension and humor with the game 's story .

Initially , Gilbert and Winnick struggled to choose a gameplay genre for Maniac Mansion . While visiting relatives over Christmas , Gilbert saw his cousin play King 's Quest : Quest for the Crown , an adventure game by Sierra On @-@ Line . Although he was a fan of text adventures , this was Gilbert 's first experience with a graphic adventure , and he used the holiday to play the game and familiarize himself with the format . As a result , he decided to develop his and Winnick 's ideas into a graphic adventure game .

Maniac Mansion 's story and structure were designed before coding commenced . The project 's earliest incarnation was a simple paper @-@ and @-@ pencil board game , in which the mansion 's floor plan was used as a game board , and cards represented events and characters . Lines connected the rooms to illustrate pathways by which characters could travel . Strips of cellulose acetate were used to map out the game 's puzzles by tracking which items worked together when used by certain characters . Impressed by the map 's complexity , Winnick included it in the final game as a poster hung on a wall . Because each character contributes different skills and resources , the pair spent months working on the event combinations that could occur . This extended the game 's production time beyond that of previous Lucasfilm Games projects , which almost led to Gilbert 's firing . The game 's dialogue , written by David Fox , was not created until after programming had begun .

= = = Production and SCUMM = = =

Gilbert started programming Maniac Mansion in 6502 assembly language , but he quickly decided that the project was too large and complex for this method . He decided that a new game engine would have to be created . Its coding language was initially planned to be LISP @-@ inspired , but Gilbert opted for one similar to C. Lucasfilm employee Chip Morningstar contributed the base code for the engine , which Gilbert then built on . Gilbert hoped to create a " system that could be used on many adventure games , cutting down the time it took to make them " . Maniac Mansion 's first six @-@ to @-@ nine months of production were dedicated largely to engine development . The game was developed around the Commodore 64 home computer , an 8 @-@ bit system with only 64 KB of memory . The team wanted to include scrolling screens , but as it was normally impossible to scroll bitmap graphics on the Commodore 64 , they had to utilize lower @-@ detail tile graphics . Winnick gave each character a large head made of three stacked sprites to make them recognizable .

Although Gilbert wrote much of the foundational code for Maniac Mansion , the majority of the game 's events were programmed by Lucasfilm employee David Fox . Fox was between projects and planned to work on the game only for a month , but he remained with the team for six months . With Gilbert , he wrote the characters ' dialog and choreographed the action . Winnick 's concept art inspired him to add new elements to the game : for example , Fox allowed the player to place a hamster inside the kitchen 's microwave .

The team wanted to avoid punishing the player for applying everyday logic in Maniac Mansion . Fox noted that one Sierra game features a scene in which the player , without prior warning , may encounter a game over screen simply by picking up a shard of glass . He characterized such game design as " sadistic " , and he commented , " I know that in the real world I can successfully pick up a broken piece of mirror without dying " . Because of the project 's nonlinear puzzle design , the team struggled to prevent no @-@ win scenarios , in which the player unexpectedly became unable to complete the game . As a result of this problem , Gilbert later explained , " We were constantly fighting against the desire just to rip out all the endings and just go with three characters , or even sometimes just one character " . Lucasfilm Games had only one playtester , and many dead @-@ ends went undetected as a result . Further playtesting was provided by Gilbert 's uncle , to whom Gilbert mailed a floppy disk of the game 's latest version each week .

The Maniac Mansion team wanted to retain the structure of a text @-@ based adventure game , but without the standard command @-@ line interface . Gilbert and Winnick were frustrated by the genre 's text parsers and frequent game over screens . While in college , Gilbert had enjoyed Colossal Cave Adventure and the games of <unk> , but he disliked their lack of visuals . He found the inclusion of graphics in Sierra On @-@ Line games , such as King 's Quest , to be a step in the right direction . However , these games still require the player to type , and to guess which commands must be input . In response , Gilbert programmed a point @-@ and @-@ click graphical user interface that displays every possible command . Fox had made a similar attempt to streamline Lucasfilm 's earlier Labyrinth : The Computer Game , and he conceived the entirety of Maniac Mansion 's interface , according to Gilbert . Forty input commands were planned at first , but the number was gradually reduced to 12 . Gilbert finished the Maniac Mansion engine — which he later named " Script Creation Utility for Maniac Mansion " ( SCUMM ) — after roughly one year of work . Although the game was designed for the Commodore 64 , the SCUMM engine allowed it to be ported easily to other platforms .

After 18 to 24 months of development , Maniac Mansion debuted at the 1987 Consumer Electronics Show in Chicago . The game was released for the Commodore 64 and Apple II in October 1987 . While previous Lucasfilm Games products had been published by outside companies , Maniac Mansion was self @-@ published . This became a trend at Lucasfilm . The company hired Ken Macklin , an acquaintance of Winnick 's , to design the game 's packaging artwork . Gilbert and Winnick collaborated with the marketing department to design the back cover . The two also created an insert that includes hints , a backstory and jokes . An MS @-@ DOS port was released in early 1988 , developed in part by Lucasfilm employees Aric Wilmunder and Brad Taylor . Ports for the Amiga , Atari ST and Nintendo Entertainment System ( NES ) followed , with the Amiga and Atari ST ports in 1989 and the NES port in 1990 . The 16 @-@ bit versions of Maniac Mansion featured a copy protection system requiring the user to enter graphical symbols out of a code book include with the game . This was not present in the Commodore 64 and Apple versions due to lack of disk space , so those instead used an on @-@ disk copy protection .

= = Nintendo Entertainment System version = =