ALFRED PAUL HERNANDEZ, Appellant, v. FIRST FINANCIAL INSURANCE COMPANY, Respondent
Hernandez v. First Financial Insurance
ALFRED PAUL HERNANDEZ, Appellant, v. FIRST FINANCIAL INSURANCE COMPANY, Respondent.
ALFRED PAUL HERNANDEZ, Appellant, v. FIRST FINANCIAL INSURANCE COMPANY, Respondent.
No. 21007
December 20, 1990
802 P.2d 1278
Bradley and Drendel, and William C. Jeanney, Reno, for Appellant.
Margo Piscevich, Reno, for Respondent.
OPINION
Per Curiam:
Pursuant to stipulation for purposes of this case, the facts are as follows. On November 5, 1988, a fight broke out at the Zephyr Bar in which appellant Alfred Hernandez (Hernandez) was not involved. During the fight, bar employee David Kretchman, a bouncer, unprovokedly beat and kicked Mr. Hernandez severely. Based on this incident, Hernandez sued Kretchman and Zephyr Bar on two causes of action pertinent to this appeal: (1) assault and battery, and (2) negligence in hiring, training and supervising Kretchman because Kretchman was known to be dangerous.
Respondent First Financial Insurance Company (First Financial) had issued Zephyr Bar an owner-landlord-tenant liability policy which covered various bodily injury damages for occurrences on the property. Contained in an endorsement to the policy is the following exclusion of coverage for assault and battery:
It is agreed and understood that this insurance does not apply to bodily injury or property damage arising out of assault and battery or out of any act or omission in connection with the prevention or suppression of such acts, whether caused by or at the instigation or direction of the insured, his employees, patrons or any other person.
(Emphasis added.) Hernandez does not contest the clarity or prominence of this endorsement.
On behalf of Zephyr Bar and Kretchman, First Financial accepted the tender of defense of Hernandez' lawsuit pursuant to reservation of rights letters. On May 4, 1989, First Financial filed the instant complaint for declaratory relief against Zephyr, Kretchman and Hernandez on the grounds that the assault and battery exclusion in the policy precluded any liability under the policy based on this incident. The district court granted First Financial's motion for summary judgment, concluding that the assault and battery exclusion precluded coverage. Hernandez appeals.
Hernandez contends that district court erred in concluding that the assault and battery exclusion covers his cause of action for negligent hiring, training and supervision. He asks this court to apply multiple concurrent causation doctrines discussed in such insurance cases as Garvey v. State Farm Fire and Cas. Co., 770 P.2d 704 (Cal. 1989). Garvey discusses multiple concurrent causation doctrines in insurance law which allow recovery in some circumstances where two causes, one excluded from and the other included in coverage, combine to cause an injury. Hernandez argues that there were two concurrent causes of his injuries operating in this case: (1) the assault and battery itself (clearly an excluded risk) and (2) the antecedent negligent hiring (arguably a covered risk). Hernandez concedes that the exclusion precludes coverage for the assault and battery. He contends, however, that the antecedent negligent hiring is a separate concurrent cause of his injury.
We need not address Garvey and the question of the multiple concurrent causation doctrines urged by Hernandez. Hernandez' argument assumes that the second, concurring cause (negligent hiring, training or supervision) was a covered risk. In accord with First Financial's contention, we conclude that this particular policy exclusion unambiguously includes both damages arising from the assault and battery itself and negligent hiring, training or supervision. First Financial correctly cites to a case which states that a virtually identical exclusion covers negligent hiring. See St. Paul Surplus Lines Ins. Co. v. 1401 Dixon's, 582 F.Supp. 865 (E.D.Pa. 1984); see also Stiglich v. Tracks, D.C., Inc., 721 F.Supp. 1386 (D.D.C. 1989) (nearly identical assault and battery exclusion; damages for failure to hire adequate security excluded). Additionally, and most important here, negligent hiring constitutes a failure to prevent an assault and battery. Failure to prevent an assault and battery is covered by the broad language in this particular exclusion, which refers to "any . . . omission in connection with the prevention" of assault and battery. (Emphasis added.)
For the reasons stated above, we affirm the judgment of the district court in its entirety.