JOSHUA L. BECKWITH AND WILLIAM MARTIN RECCELLE, Appellants, v. STATE FARM FIRE AND CASUALTY COMPANY, Respondent
Beckwith v. State Farm Fire & Casualty Co.
Becker and Gibbons, JL, concur.
JOSHUA L. BECKWITH AND WILLIAM MARTIN RECCELLE, Appellants, v. STATE FARM FIRE AND CASUALTY COMPANY, Respondent.
JOSHUA L. BECKWITH AND WILLIAM MARTIN RECCELLE, Appellants, v. STATE FARM FIRE AND CASUALTY COMPANY, Respondent.
No. 39084
January 30, 2004
83 P.3d 275
Law Offices of Joe E. Colvin and Joe E. Colvin, Reno, for Appellant Reccelle.
Lcvcalt & Nomura, Ltd., and Robert A. Dotson and Devon T. Reese, Reno, for Appellant Beckwith.
Burton Bartlett & Glogovac and Scott A. Glogovac and Gregory J. Livingston, Reno, for Respondent.
OPINION
By the Court,
Maupin, J.:
In this appeal, we consider whether the intentional misconduct of an intoxicated insured is covered under a homeowner's personal third-party liability policy. We conclude that, regardless of the insured's intoxicated state, the act of striking another is intentional, that such an act is not a covered occurrence under the policy in question here, and that such incidents are subject to a properly drafted "intentional acts" exclusion clause. Consequently, we hold that the liability insurer in this instance is under no duty to defend or indemnify its insured in connection with an action seeking damages stemming from the insured's intentional infliction of bodily injury, even when the insured was intoxicated or believed he acted in self-defense.
FACTS
On July 7, 2000, appellant Joshua L. Beckwith ingested alcohol, LSD, and marijuana during a party at a friend's residence. While walking home, he experienced hallucinations, disrobed, and entered a trailer park near the Truckee River in downtown Reno. Shortly thereafter, appellant William Martin Reccelle confronted Beckwith because children were playing in the area. In response, Beckwith began screaming and writhing on the ground, asking Reccelle if he was God. Apparently, Beckwith also believed that he was a dog and Reccelle was his "evil master." Although Reccelle attempted to reassure Beckwith, Beckwith struck Reccelle in the face, rupturing Reccelle's eye.
Beckwith pleaded nolo contendere to criminal charges stemming from the assault. Subsequently, Reccelle filed a civil complaint against Beckwith, alleging assault and battery, and negligence. Beckwith requested that respondent State Farm Fire and Casualty Company defend and indemnify him with respect to the civil action, pursuant to his homeowner's insurance policy. State Farm initially agreed, but then filed a declaratory judgment action seeking a judicial declaration of non-coverage in connection with the incident.
State Farm ultimately moved for summary judgment on the coverage issues, arguing that the incident was not a covered "occurrence" as defined in the policy, and that the policy's intentional-acts exclusionary clause precluded coverage. Beckwith and Reccelle filed separate cross-motions for summary judgment, argu ing that due to his intoxication, Beckwith could not have acted intentionally when he struck Reccelle. Beckwith also argued that, at the time he struck Reccelle, he believed he was acting in self-defense and, thus, his actions were not intentional.
The district court granted State Farm's motion for summary judgment, concluding that the insurance policy did not cover Beckwith's intentional act of striking Reccelle. Beckwith and Reccelle appeal jointly.
DISCUSSION
We review orders granting summary judgment de novo. Summary judgment is appropriate when, after a review of the record viewed in a light most favorable to the non-moving party, there remain no genuine issues of material fact, and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.
The insurance agreement in this case obligates State Farm to defend and indemnify Beckwith in connection with actions brought against him for damages caused by an "occurrence." The policy defines the term "occurrence" as an accident resulting in bodily injury. Although the policy does not define the term "accident," a common definition of the term is "a happening that is not expected, foreseen, or intended.' In addition, the policy contains exclusionary language precluding coverage for bodily injury or property damage "(1) which is either expected or intended by the insured; or (2) which is the result of willful and malicious acts of the insured."
This court dealt with a similarly worded insurance policy in Mallin v. Farmers Insurance Exchange. In Mallin, this court observed that ' ' 'intent' or 'intention' denotes a design or desire to cause the consequences of one's acts and a belief that given consequences are substantially certain to result from the acts." Applying this definition of intent, we concluded that a homeowner's liability insurance policy did not cover the insured's actions of fatally shooting his wife and two of her friends, despite a claim that the insured did not intend his actions because he acted in a psychotic fit of rage. We also noted that the insured's "sup posed inability to control his acts [was] not the same as an inability to intend his acts."
We take this opportunity to extend our holding in Mallín and reject appellants' argument that Beckwith was unable to act intentionally as a result of his voluntary intoxication. Whether Beckwith thought Reccelle was God or his evil master is of no matter because he admittedly struck Reccelle in the eye with the desire of getting away from him. This is a non-accidental intentional act even if Beckwith did not intend to harm Reccelle. Thus, we conclude that Beckwith's act of striking Reccelle is not an occurrence under the insurance policy and is excluded from coverage under the policy language concerning intentional misconduct. In this, we recognize Beckwith's claims that the intentional-acts exclusion does not apply because, given his advanced state of intoxication, he did not intend to injure Reccelle and that, because he believed he acted in self-defense, his conduct was not malicious. We reject this line of argument because the exclusion properly dovetails with the reasonable construction of the policy that an occurrence requires an accidental event. Accordingly, State Farm is not obligated to defend or indemnify Beckwith with respect to any judgment obtained against him by Reccelle.
CONCLUSION
Applying this court's holding in Mallín, we conclude that Beckwith's' act of striking Reccelle was intentional; and thus, the act was not an occurrence under the insurance policy. Likewise, notwithstanding Beckwith's claim that he was too intoxicated to intend the acts and resulting injuries to Reccelle, the intentional-act exclusionary clause applies to negate coverage.
We therefore affirm the district court's order granting summary judgment in favor of State Farm.
Becker and Gibbons, JL, concur.
. Tore, Ltd. v. Church, 105 Nev. 183, 185, 772 P.2d 1281, 1282 (1989).
Butler v. Bogdanovich, 101 Nev. 449, 451, 705 P.2d 662, 663 (1985).
Webster's New World Dictionary 8 (3d ed. 1988).
108 Nev. 788, 790, 839 P2d 105, 106 (1992) (reviewing an insurance policy providing coverage for damages from an accident and exempting damages resulting from intentional acts of the insured).
Id. at 791, 839 P.2d at 107.
Id. at 789, 839 P.2d at 106.
Id. at 792, 839 P.2d at 107.
See, e.g., Wessinger v. Fire Ins. Exchange, 949 S.W.2d 834, 840 (Tex. App. 1997) (concluding that "voluntary intoxication cannot be used to defeat the intent requirement in an insurance policy").
See Hooper v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 782 So. 2d 1029, 1033 (La. Ct. App. 2001) (observing that summary judgment was properly granted in favor of the insurance company because an insured acts intentionally when he strikes another in the face with a closed fist, despite a claim that the act was not intentional); Royal Indem. Co. v. Love, 630 N.Y.S.2d 652, 654 (Sup. Ct. 1995) (concluding that intentional assault is an intentional act, and thus, cannot constitute an accident); Wessinger, 949 S.W.2d at 841 (concluding that the act of striking another is not an occurrence because such an act is voluntary and intentional, not accidental).
See Ohio Cas. Ins. Co. v. Henderson, 939 P.2d 1337, 1343 (Ariz. 1997) (concluding that an intentional-acts exclusionary clause applies when the nature and circumstances of the insured's acts are such that harm is substantially certain to result); Hanover Ins. Co. v. Newcomer, 585 S.W.2d 285, 289 (Mo. Ct. App. 1979) (concluding that the act of swinging a machete is an intentional act from which an injury could be expected, hence, evidence that the insured was under the influence is of no consequence in determining whether coverage is precluded by the intentional-acts exclusionary clause); Ludwig v. Dulian, 579 N.W.2d 795, 799 (Wis. Ct. App. 1998) (concluding that an intentional-acts exclusionary clause precludes insurance coverage where a purposeful act is substantially certain to produce injury, despite an insured's claim that he did not intend any harm).
See supra note 10.