query: the set of northbridge and the southbridge are collectively known as the

pos: Northbridge (computing) Northbridge (computing) A northbridge or host bridge is one of the two chips in the core logic chipset architecture on a PC motherboard, the other being the southbridge. Unlike the southbridge, northbridge is connected directly to the CPU via the front-side bus (FSB) and is thus responsible for tasks that require the highest performance. The northbridge is usually paired with a southbridge, also known as I/O controller hub. In systems where they are included, these two chips manage communications between the CPU and other parts of the motherboard, and constitute the core logic chipset of the PC motherboard. On older

pos: Southbridge (computing) Southbridge (computing) The southbridge is one of the two chips in the core logic chipset on a personal computer (PC) motherboard, the other being the northbridge. The southbridge typically implements the slower capabilities of the motherboard in a northbridge/southbridge chipset computer architecture. In systems with Intel chipsets, the southbridge is named I/O Controller Hub (ICH), while AMD has named its southbridge Fusion Controller Hub (FCH) since the introduction of its Fusion AMD Accelerated Processing Unit (APU). The southbridge can usually be distinguished from the northbridge by not being directly connected to the CPU. Rather, the northbridge ties the southbridge to

pos: Southbridge (computing) connected to the CPU via the Direct Media Interface (DMI). A southbridge chipset handled all of a computer's I/O functions, such as USB, audio, serial, the system BIOS, the ISA bus, the interrupt controller and the IDE channels. Different combinations of Southbridge and Northbridge chips are possible, but these two kinds of chips must be designed to work together; there is no industry-wide standard for interoperability between different core logic chipset designs. Traditionally, the interface between a northbridge and southbridge was the PCI bus. The main bridging interfaces used now are DMI (Intel) and UMI (AMD). The name is derived

pos: Platform Controller Hub a two piece chipset consisting of a northbridge chip and a southbridge chip. As a solution to the bottleneck, several functions belonging to the traditional northbridge and southbridge chipsets were rearranged. The northbridge is now eliminated completely and its functions, the memory controller and PCI Express lanes for expansion cards, are now incorporated into the CPU die or package. The PCH then incorporates a few of the remaining northbridge functions (e.g. clocking) in addition to all of the southbridge's functions. The system clock was previously a connection and is now fused in with the PCH. Two different connections exist between

pos: GPU switching counted as a dedicated graphics cards system because the graphics chip is integrated with its own memory. Most computers have a motherboard that uses a Southbridge and Northbridge structure. The Northbridge is one of the core logic chipset that handles communications among the CPU, GPU, RAM and the Southbridge. The discrete graphics card is usually installed onto the graphics card slot and the integrated graphics is integrated onto the CPU or occasionally onto the Northbridge. The Northbridge is the most responsible for switching between GPUs. The way how it works usually has the following process: The Southbridge is also named

pos: Southbridge (computing) and FireWire. Where support is provided for non-USB keyboard, mouse, and serial ports, a machine normally does so through a device referred to as a Super I/O; still more rarely, a southbridge may directly support the keyboard, mouse, and serial ports. Southbridge (computing) The southbridge is one of the two chips in the core logic chipset on a personal computer (PC) motherboard, the other being the northbridge. The southbridge typically implements the slower capabilities of the motherboard in a northbridge/southbridge chipset computer architecture. In systems with Intel chipsets, the southbridge is named I/O Controller Hub (ICH), while AMD has named

pos: NForce4 two GPUs. On a standard (non x16) nForce4 SLI motherboard, the system can be configured to provide an x16 slot for one graphics board or twin x8 slots for the SLI configuration. A jumper bank must be altered to set these options. Unlike its AMD Athlon 64 sibling, the Intel Edition is an older chipset as it has both a northbridge and southbridge. As with the older nForce2 chipsets, Nvidia calls the northbridge the "System Platform Processor" (SPP) and the southbridge the "Media and Communications Processor" (MCP). This change in design was necessitated because, unlike the Athlon 64/Opteron, the Pentium

pos: Northbridge (computing) Northbridge functions. Intel’s Sandy Bridge processors feature full integration of northbridge functions onto the CPU chip, along with processor cores, memory controller and graphics processing unit (GPU). This was a further evolution of the Westmere architecture, which also featured a CPU and GPU in the same package. Northbridge (computing) A northbridge or host bridge is one of the two chips in the core logic chipset architecture on a PC motherboard, the other being the southbridge. Unlike the southbridge, northbridge is connected directly to the CPU via the front-side bus (FSB) and is thus responsible for tasks that require the highest

pos: Northbridge (computing) In some instances, the northbridge and southbridge functions have been combined onto one die when design complexity and fabrication processes permitted it; for example, the Nvidia GeForce 320M in the 2010 MacBook Air is a northbridge/southbridge/GPU combo chip. As CPU speeds increased over time, a bottleneck eventually emerged between the processor and the motherboard, due to limitations caused by data transmission between the CPU and its support chipset. Accordingly, starting with the AMD Athlon64 series CPUs (based on the Opteron), a new architecture was used where some functions of the north- and southbridge chips were moved to the CPU. Modern

pos: Southbridge (computing) the CPU. Through the use of controller integrated channel circuitry, the northbridge can directly link signals from the I/O units to the CPU for data control and access. Due to the push for system-on-chip (SoC) processors, modern devices increasingly have the northbridge integrated into the CPU die itself; examples are Intel's Sandy Bridge and AMD's Fusion processors, both released in 2011. The southbridge became redundant and it was replaced by the Platform Controller Hub (PCH) architecture introduced with the Intel 5 Series chipset in 2008. All southbridge features and remaining I/O functions are managed by the PCH which is directly

pos: Southbridge (computing) etc. The CPU is located at the top of the map at due north. The CPU is connected to the chipset via a fast bridge (the northbridge) located "north" of other system devices as drawn. The northbridge is connected to the rest of the chipset via a slow bridge (the southbridge) located "south" of other system devices as drawn. Although the current PC platform architecture has replaced the PCI bus backbone with faster I/O backbones, the bridge naming convention remains. The functionality found in a contemporary southbridge includes: Optionally, a southbridge also includes support for Ethernet, RAID, USB, audio codec,

pos: Chipset chipset for the IBM PC AT of 1984 was the NEAT chipset developed by Chips and Technologies for the Intel 80286 CPU. In home computers, game consoles and arcade-game hardware of the 1980s and 1990s, the term chipset was used for the custom audio and graphics chips. Examples include the Commodore Amiga's Original Chip Set or SEGA's System 16 chipset. The term "chipset" often refers to a specific pair of chips on the motherboard: the "northbridge" and the "southbridge". The northbridge links the CPU to very high-speed devices, especially RAM and graphics controllers, and the southbridge connects to lower-speed peripheral

pos: Chipset processors integration has further increased, primarily through the inclusion of the system's primary PCIe controller and integrated graphics directly on the CPU itself. As fewer functions are left un-handled by the processor, chipset vendors have condensed the remaining northbridge and southbridge functions into a single chip. Intel's version of this is the "Platform Controller Hub" (PCH), effectively an enhanced southbridge for the remaining peripherals—as traditional northbridge duties, such as memory controller, expansion bus (PCIe) interface and even on-board video controller, are integrated into the CPU die itself (the chipset often contains secondary PCIe connections though). However, the Platform Controller Hub

pos: LGA 1366 northbridge that serves mainly as a PCI-Express controller. A slower DMI is used to connect Intel's most recent northbridge and southbridge components. By comparison, Intel's socket 1156 (Socket H) moves the QPI link and PCI-Express controller onto the processor itself, using DMI to interface a single-component "chipset" (now called PCH) that serves traditional southbridge functions. The difference in pin number is mostly a reflection of the number of memory channels served. In November 2008, Intel released Core i7, which was the first processor requiring this socket. LGA 1366 socket and processors were discontinued sometime in 2012, and superseded by the

pos: Northbridge (computing) a map. The CPU would be at the top of the map comparable to due north on most general purpose geographical maps. The CPU would be connected to the chipset via a fast bridge (the northbridge) located north of other system devices as drawn. The northbridge would then be connected to the rest of the chipset via a slow bridge (the southbridge) located south of other system devices as drawn. The northbridge plays an important part in how far a computer can be overclocked, as its frequency is commonly used as a baseline for the CPU to establish its own

pos: I/O Controller Hub I/O Controller Hub I/O Controller Hub (ICH) is a family of Intel southbridge microchips used to manage data communications between a CPU and a motherboard, specifically Intel chipsets based on the Intel Hub Architecture. It is designed to be paired with a second support chip known as a northbridge. As with any other southbridge, the ICH is used to connect and control peripheral devices. As CPU speeds increased data transmission between the CPU and support chipset, the support chipset eventually emerged as a bottleneck between the processor and the motherboard. Accordingly, starting with the Intel 5 Series, a new architecture

pos: NForce4 The nForce4 SLI x16 has similar features to the nForce4 SLI, except it now provides 16 PCI-Express lanes to both graphics cards in an SLI configuration (as opposed to only 8 lanes per graphics card with the original SLI chipset). This is the only version of the nForce4 for AMD processors that has a separate northbridge and southbridge. It comprises the existing nForce4 MCP for the southbridge and a new AMD nForce4 System Platform Processor (SPP). The two chips are connected via the HyperTransport link. This solution provides 38 PCI-Express lanes in total, and can be divided over 7 slots.

pos: Xpress 3200 the Northbridge claimed to be more efficient and less bottlenecking as compared to the nForce 4 16x SLI. The RD580 was called the Radeon Xpress 3200 and was released on March 1, 2006. Supposedly, the chipset is also configured for the new Socket AM2 and of such, many motherboard manufacturers have decided to skip the Socket 939 RD580 and began R&D on the Socket AM2 RD580. [ASUS M2R32-MVP] With the launch of the Socket AM2, ATI also announced the release of their SB600 southbridge which was to be compatible with the RD580 northbridge. Originally, the SB450/SB460 was highly flawed in

pos: AMD 700 chipset series chip to help heat spread evenly, with ASUS even adding water cooling block directly on top of the heatsink of the X38 Northbridge as a part of the motherboard heatpipe system. Although the aforementioned figures may be small compared to the TDP figures of a performance CPU, there is a growing demand for computer systems with higher performance and lower power consumption. While Intel focuses only on the energy efficiency of its processors, NVIDIA's nForce 780i chipset requires an overall power consumption of 48 W with the northbridge, southbridge and the nForce 200 PCI-E bridge. In response to this, all

pos: HP Mini were only sold with 1GB of RAM, but a user can easily upgrade to 2GB by accessing the slot on the bottom of the computer and replacing the module. The HP Mini 1000 shipped with either a 16/32GB SSD or a 60/80GB 1.8" hard disk drive. The HP Mini 1000 Mi Edition was also available with an 8GB SSD. A ZIF SATA connector is used as opposed to standard PATA/SATA connector cables. The motherboard uses the Intel 945GSE northbridge chipset and Intel ICH7M southbridge. The motherboard model is HP361A. The northbridge component provides the integrated Intel GMA950 graphics core. The

pos: AMD 700 chipset series Southbridge) consumes nominally less than 15 W. The integrated graphics northbridges were also benefited, as most of the IGP northbridges were made on 55 nm process manufactured by TSMC with the inclusion of ATI PowerPlay technology, allowing dynamically changing the core clock frequency to minimum 150 MHz. The 780G Northbridge, sporting DirectX 10 support, consumes only 11.4 W on full load, 0.94 watt when idle. This is also smaller than the TDP figures of the Intel G35 chipset Northbridge at 28 W with the maximum idle power of 11 W. The ATI Hybrid Graphics technology applies to all or some

pos: Direct memory access bus ownership from the PCI bus controller (usually the southbridge in a modern PC design), which will arbitrate if several devices request bus ownership simultaneously, since there can only be one bus master at one time. When the component is granted ownership, it will issue normal read and write commands on the PCI bus, which will be claimed by the bus controller and will be forwarded to the memory controller using a scheme which is specific to every chipset. As an example, on a modern AMD Socket AM2-based PC, the southbridge will forward the transactions to the northbridge (which is

pos: Socket AM4 are reported to be offering brackets allowing previously manufactured coolers to work with AM4, while other coolers will be redesigned. Alternatively, some motherboard makers are including both AM3 and AM4 cooler mounting holes, allowing previous generation coolers to be used. The AM4 socket has 54×90mm dimensions (distance of the screws) while previous sockets have 48×96mm. The AM4 socket is a base for 7 chipsets. While the processors for this socket have been designed as systems on a chip (SoC), with the traditional northbridge and southbridge on board the processor, the motherboard chipset will increase the number of PCI Express lanes

pos: Platform Controller Hub with LGA 1151 socket. The following variants are available: Platform Controller Hub The Platform Controller Hub (PCH) is a family of Intel chipsets, introduced circa 2008. It is the successor to the previous Intel Hub Architecture, which used a northbridge and southbridge instead, and first appeared in the Intel 5 Series. The PCH controls certain data paths and support functions used in conjunction with Intel CPUs. These include clocking (the system clock), Flexible Display Interface (FDI) and Direct Media Interface (DMI), although FDI is only used when the chipset is required to support a processor with integrated graphics. As such,

pos: NForce4 NForce4 The nForce4 is a motherboard chipset released by Nvidia in October, 2004. The chipset supports AMD 64-bit processors (Socket 939, Socket AM2 and Socket 754) and Intel Pentium 4 LGA 775 processors. nForce4 is the second evolution of the Media Communications Processor (MCP) and incorporates both Northbridge and Southbridge on a single die (the first was nForce3). The Socket 754 version of the board has the HyperTransport link clocked to 800 MHz (6.4 GB/s transfer rate). Motherboards based on early revisions are mostly referred to as "nForce4-4x" (relating with their ability to handle HT speeds of 4x). The Ultra

pos: Platform Controller Hub Platform Controller Hub The Platform Controller Hub (PCH) is a family of Intel chipsets, introduced circa 2008. It is the successor to the previous Intel Hub Architecture, which used a northbridge and southbridge instead, and first appeared in the Intel 5 Series. The PCH controls certain data paths and support functions used in conjunction with Intel CPUs. These include clocking (the system clock), Flexible Display Interface (FDI) and Direct Media Interface (DMI), although FDI is only used when the chipset is required to support a processor with integrated graphics. As such, I/O functions are reassigned between this new central hub

pos: Input–output memory management unit to splitting the functionality of northbridge and southbridge between the CPU and Platform Controller Hub (PCH), I/O virtualization was not performed by the CPU but instead by the chipset. The advantages of having an IOMMU, compared to direct physical addressing of the memory (DMA), include: For system architectures in which port I/O is a distinct address space from the memory address space, an IOMMU is not used when the CPU communicates with devices via I/O ports. In system architectures in which port I/O and memory are mapped into a suitable address space, an IOMMU can translate port I/O accesses. The

pos: NForce3 secure networking engine. This makes the firewall an on-chip function, in theory reducing the overhead on the CPU and increasing throughput. The firewall also uses IAM, or Intelligent Application Manager, to provide application-based filtering. However, the most notable omission from the nForce 3 chipset is the quality integrated SoundStorm audio found in nForce2 boards, supposedly for cost reasons. The nForce 3 chipset is a single die solution, as opposed to the historical northbridge / southbridge combination, and reportedly there was not enough space left for audio functionality. An alternative explanation has been proposed that the Dolby technology licensing for SoundStorm

pos: Advanced Micro Devices connected to as single chip chipset, renamed the Fusion Controller Hub (FCH), which primarily provided southbridge functionality. AMD released new chipsets in 2017 to support the release of their new Ryzen products. As the Zen microarchitecture already includes much of the northbridge connectivity, the AM4 based chipsets primarily varied in the number of additional PCI Express lanes, USB connections, and SATA connections available. These AM4 chipsets were designed in conjunction with ASMedia. In February 2002, AMD acquired Alchemy Semiconductor for its Alchemy line of MIPS processors for the hand-held and portable media player markets. On June 13, 2006, AMD officially

pos: RIVA TNT2 Ultra" with faster-than-stock components, as well. The card came with a 175 MHz core clock and 200 MHz memory. The card lacked TV output, however. ELSA's "Erazor III" came clocked at non-Ultra TNT2 rates but included "3D Revelator" shutter glasses. These glasses made games look as though they were coming out of the screen, and worked with both Direct3D and some OpenGL titles. ALi integrated the RIVA TNT2 core into the motherboard chipset Aladdin TNT2. The northbridge ALi M1631 with graphic core was commonly paired with a M1535D southbridge and was prepared for the low-cost Socket 370 motherbards. Aladdin TNT2

pos: ABIT BP6 ABIT BP6 Introduced in 1999, the ABIT BP6 was the first motherboard to allow the use of two unmodified Intel Celeron processors in dual Symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) configuration. This combined with its overclocking capabilities made it a popular option among computer enthusiasts. The BP6 has been credited as the product that made multi-processor systems affordable for mainstream users, as prior the expense of any multi-processor configuration made it a feature only to be considered for workstation-class systems. The BP6 was based on the Intel Seattle 440BX chipset, consisting of the 82443BX Northbridge and the 82371AB Southbridge. Processors supported by the

pos: Front-side bus (including personal computers and servers), seldom with the data and address buses used in embedded systems and similar small computers. This design represented a performance improvement over the single system bus designs of the previous decades, but sometimes is still called the "system bus". Front-side buses usually connect the CPU and the rest of the hardware via a chipset, which Intel implemented as a northbridge and a southbridge. Other buses like the Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI), Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP), and memory buses all connect to the chipset in order for data to flow between the connected devices. These secondary

pos: System Controller Hub System Controller Hub System Controller Hub (SCH) is a family of Intel microchips employed in chipsets for low-power Atom-based platforms. Its architecture is consistent with the Intel Hub Architecture but combines the traditional northbridge and southbridge functions into a single microchip. Poulsbo is the codename of the first SCH and plays a key role in Intel's second-generation Menlow UMPC and MID platform chipset for Atom Silverthorne microprocessors. The graphics core is called GMA 500 and unlike most graphics cores used by Intel was developed by Imagination Technologies. Intel licensed the PowerVR SGX 535 as a graphics core and the PowerVR

pos: I/O Controller Hub chip have AHCI support. This part has the following variants: Intel launched the ICH10 southbridge in June 2008 with the P45 (Eaglelake) chipset. ICH10 implements the 10Gbit/s bidirectional DMI interface to the "northbridge" device. It supports various interfaces to "low-speed" peripherals, and it supports a suite of housekeeping functions. ICH10 also offers reduced load on CPU and decreased power consumption. ICH10 does not offer direct PATA or LPT support. Notably there is support of 'hot-swap' functionality. The RAID variant also supports a new technology called “Turbo Memory”. This allows the use of flash memory on a motherboard for fast caching.

pos: I/O Controller Hub prices for RDRAM and either bought i810 or i440BX motherboards or changed to the competition. The hastily developed 82815 northbridge, which supported PC-133 SDRAM, became Intel's method to recover in the middle class segment. The ICH1 or the new ICH2 (360 pins) could be placed to the side of the 82815. An ICH2 could also be used with Intel's 82850 chipset, which, like the 82820 before it, required the use of RDRAM and supported the Pentium 4 CPU. For the first time a Fast Ethernet chip (82559) was integrated into the southbridge, depending upon an external PHY chip. The PATA

pos: Platform Controller Hub the PCH and the CPU: Flexible Display Interface (FDI) and Direct Media Interface (DMI). The FDI is only used when the chipset requires supporting a processor with integrated graphics. The Intel Management Engine was also moved to the PCH starting with the Nehalem processors and 5-Series chipsets. With the northbridge functions integrated to the CPU, much of the bandwidth needed for chipsets is now relieved. This style began in Nehalem and will remain for the foreseeable future, through Cannon Lake. Beginning with ultra-low-power Broadwells and continuing with mobile Skylake processors, Intel incorporated the clock, PCI controller, and southbridge IO controllers

neg: Chipset Requests to resources not directly controlled by the northbridge were offloaded to the southbridge, with the northbridge being an intermediary between the processor and the southbridge. The southbridge handled "everything else", generally lower-speed peripherals and board functions (the largest being hard disk and storage connectivity) such as USB, parallel and serial communications. The connection between the northbridge and southbridge was normally the PCI bus. Before 2003, any interaction between a CPU and main memory or an expansion device such as a graphics card(s) — whether AGP, PCI or integrated into the motherboard — was directly controlled by the northbridge IC

neg: Northbridge (computing) Intel Core processors have the northbridge integrated on the CPU die, where it is known as the uncore or system agent. The northbridge typically handles communications among the CPU, in some cases RAM, and PCI Express (or AGP) video cards, and the southbridge. Some northbridges also contain integrated video controllers, also known as a Graphics and Memory Controller Hub (GMCH) in Intel systems. Because different processors and RAM require different signaling, a given northbridge will typically work with only one or two classes of CPUs and generally only one type of RAM. There are a few chipsets that support two

neg: Northbridge (computing) Intel based PCs, the northbridge was also named external memory controller hub ("MCH") or graphics and memory controller hub ("GMCH") if equipped with integrated graphics. Increasingly these functions became integrated into the CPU chip itself, beginning with memory and graphics controllers. For Intel Sandy Bridge and AMD Accelerated Processing Unit processors introduced in 2011, all of the functions of the northbridge reside on the CPU, while AMD FX CPUs still require external northbridge and southbridge chips. Separating the different functions into the CPU, northbridge, and southbridge chips was due to the difficulty of integrating all components onto a single chip.

neg: Direct Media Interface its first enterprise platform to fully incorporate the PCH in an SoC configuration. Northbridge devices supporting a northbridge DMI are the Intel 915-series, 925-series, 945-series, 955-series, 965-series, 975-series, G31/33, P35, X38, X48, P45 and X58. Processors supporting a northbridge DMI and, therefore, not using a separate northbridge, are the Intel Atom, Intel Core i3, Intel Core i5, and Intel Core i7 (8xx, 7xx and 6xx, but not 9xx). Processors supporting a northbridge DMI 2.0 and, therefore not using a separate northbridge, are the 2000, 3000, 4000, and 5000 series of the Intel Core i3, Core i5 and Core i7. Southbridge

neg: Direct Media Interface featuring socket LGA 1151 also support DMI 3.0. Direct Media Interface In computing, Direct Media Interface (DMI) is Intel's proprietary link between the northbridge and southbridge on a computer motherboard. It was first used between the 9xx chipsets and the ICH6, released in 2004. Previous Intel chipsets had used the Hub Interface to perform the same function, and server chipsets use a similar interface called "Enterprise Southbridge Interface" (ESI). While the "DMI" name dates back to ICH6, Intel mandates specific combinations of compatible devices, so the presence of a DMI interface does not guarantee by itself that a particular northbridge–southbridge

neg: Direct Media Interface Direct Media Interface In computing, Direct Media Interface (DMI) is Intel's proprietary link between the northbridge and southbridge on a computer motherboard. It was first used between the 9xx chipsets and the ICH6, released in 2004. Previous Intel chipsets had used the Hub Interface to perform the same function, and server chipsets use a similar interface called "Enterprise Southbridge Interface" (ESI). While the "DMI" name dates back to ICH6, Intel mandates specific combinations of compatible devices, so the presence of a DMI interface does not guarantee by itself that a particular northbridge–southbridge combination is allowed. DMI shares many characteristics with

neg: AMD 580 chipset series socket AM2, ATI also announced the release of their SB600 southbridge which was to be compatible with the RD580 northbridge. Originally, the SB450/SB460 was highly flawed in the USB design and lacking in cutting edge features as compared to nVidia's counterpart which resulted in low sales. The ULi 1575 Southbridge was the other preferred Southbridge until nVidia took over ULI. As a result, high expectations was placed on ATI to design a Southbridge that was on-par or greater than the ULI 1575. As reference boards for Socket AM2 trickled out, many sites commented that ATI had an even footing against

neg: AMD 690 chipset series 8 Watts, and is pin compatible with RS485 northbridge. The northbridge supports HyperTransport 2.0 at 1 GHz, and an additional 3 PCI Express x1 slots. The northbridge and southbridge (SB600) are connected via "ALink II". This is in reality 4 PCIe lanes, providing 2 GB/s bandwidth. For 690G, the IGP was named "Radeon X1250", operating at 400 MHz clock frequency, with VGA, HDMI and dual link DVI-D output with HDCP support for single link transmission and TMDS support for HDMI output. (however a DVI to D-sub adapter will not work and is not compatible with DVI-D interface due to the

neg: Northbridge (computing) all of the features of a normal southbridge with an Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) port and connects directly to the CPU. On nForce4 boards it was marketed as a media communications processor (MCP). AMD Accelerated Processing Unit processors feature full integration of northbridge functions onto the CPU chip, along with processor cores, memory controller and graphics processing unit (GPU). This was an evolution of the AMD64, since the memory controller was integrated on the CPU die in the AMD64. The northbridge was replaced by the system agent introduced by the Sandy Bridge microarchitecture in 2011, which essentially handles all previous

neg: Old Connecticut Path South Framingham, Ashland (Megunko), Hopkinton (Quansigamog), then through Westborough and over Fay Mountain, to the praying town of Grafton (Hassanamesit/Hassanamisco), through Sutton and then beyond to Woodstock, Conn.", and west to the bank of the Connecticut River opposite Hartford. During the trip to Connecticut the Path crosses the Blackstone River, that crossing was known as the North Bridge and the Quinebaug River crossing was known as the South Bridge, both Northbridge and Southbridge were named after those well-known landmark locations. Old Connecticut Path The Old Connecticut Path was the Native American trail that led westward from the area of Massachusetts

neg: Southbridge (computing) from representing the architecture in the fashion of a map and was first described as such with the introduction of the PCI Local Bus Architecture in 1991. At Intel, the authors of the PCI specification viewed the PCI local bus as being at the very centre of the PC platform architecture (i.e., at the Equator). The northbridge extends to the north of the PCI bus backbone in support of CPU, memory/cache, and other performance-critical capabilities. Likewise the southbridge extends to the south of the PCI bus backbone and bridges to less performance-critical I/O capabilities such as the disk interface, audio,

neg: Tegra 2016 GPU Technology Conference. SoCs and platforms with comparable specifications (e.g. audio/video input, output and processing capability, connectivity, programmability, entertainment/embedded/automotive capabilities & certifications, power consumption) are: Tegra Tegra is a system on a chip (SoC) series developed by Nvidia for mobile devices such as smartphones, personal digital assistants, and mobile Internet devices. The Tegra integrates an ARM architecture central processing unit (CPU), graphics processing unit (GPU), northbridge, southbridge, and memory controller onto one package. Early Tegra SoCs are designed as efficient multimedia processors, while more recent models emphasize gaming performance without sacrificing power efficiency. The Tegra APX 2500 was announced

neg: HyperTransport various standard buses, like AGP or PCI Express. These are typically included in the respective controller functions, namely the "northbridge" and "southbridge". In contrast, HyperTransport is an open specification, published by a multi-company consortium. A single HyperTransport adapter chip will work with a wide spectrum of HyperTransport enabled microprocessors. AMD uses HyperTransport to replace the front-side bus in their Opteron, Athlon 64, Athlon II, Sempron 64, Turion 64, Phenom, Phenom II and FX families of microprocessors. Another use for HyperTransport is as an interconnect for NUMA multiprocessor computers. AMD uses HyperTransport with a proprietary cache coherency extension as part of

neg: Tegra Tegra Tegra is a system on a chip (SoC) series developed by Nvidia for mobile devices such as smartphones, personal digital assistants, and mobile Internet devices. The Tegra integrates an ARM architecture central processing unit (CPU), graphics processing unit (GPU), northbridge, southbridge, and memory controller onto one package. Early Tegra SoCs are designed as efficient multimedia processors, while more recent models emphasize gaming performance without sacrificing power efficiency. The Tegra APX 2500 was announced on February 12, 2008. The Tegra 6xx product line was revealed on June 2, 2008, and the APX 2600 was announced in February 2009. The APX

neg: Socket AM3 processors, which support both DDR2 & DDR3 memory). In fact, a few motherboards were manufactured that supported both DDR2 and DDR3, however only one type could be used at a time. Despite using an AM3 socket and despite using a northbridge and southbridge found on AM3 motherboards, they support any AM2, AM2+, or AM3 processor. As AM3 processors also support DDR2, they are backwards-compatible with Socket AM2/AM2+, contingent upon a BIOS update for the motherboard. Manufacturers including Asus, Gigabyte, and others have labeled existing AM2/AM2+ boards as being "AM3 Ready" or similar, indicating that BIOS support is provided for the

neg: PWRficient PWRficient PWRficient is the name of a series of microprocessors designed by P.A. Semi where the PA6T-1682M was the only one that became an actual product. PWRficient processors comply with the 64-bit Power Architecture, and are designed for high performance and extreme power efficiency. The processors are highly modular and can be combined to multi-core system-on-a-chip designs, combining CPU, northbridge, and southbridge functionality on a single processor die. The PA6T was the first and only processor core from P.A. Semi, and it was offered in two distinct lines of products, 16xxM dual core processors and 13xxM/E single core processors. The

neg: Intel Architecture Labs software were revealed in Steven McGeady's testimony in the Microsoft anti-trust trial. Not all of IAL's software efforts met bad ends due to Microsoft—IAL developed one of the first software digital video systems, Indeo(tm) - technology that was used in its ProShare videoconferencing product line but suffered later from neglect and was sold to another company in the late 1990s. However, IAL successes in the hardware world are legendary, and include PCI, USB, AGP, the Northbridge/Southbridge core logic architecture and PCI Express (the now-dominant architecture for multi-processor servers). In 2001, after the departure of all of its creators, IAL was

neg: Mobile Internet device 2008. Intel's third generation MID/smartphone platform (codenamed Moorestown) contains a 45 nm Intel Atom processor (codenamed Lincroft) and a 65 nm Platform Controller Hub (codenamed Langwell). Since the memory controller and graphics controller are all now integrated into the processor, the northbridge has been removed and the processor communicates directly with the southbridge via the DMI bus interface. Intel's fourth generation MID/smartphone platform (codenamed Medfield) contains a 32 nm Intel Atom SoC (codenamed Penwell). Intel's MID/smartphone platform (codenamed Clover Trail+) based on its Clover Trail tablet platform. It contains a 32 nm Intel Atom SoC (codenamed Cloverview). Intel's fifth generation

neg: Tourism in Perth can cater for functions of up to 5000 delegates. Nearby, in the Elizabeth Quay precinct, are the Swan Bells. These are a set of twelve historic bells from St Martin-in-the-Fields church in Trafalgar Square in London, which hang together with six modern bells in a tall copper and glass campanile, commonly known as The Bell Tower or the Swan Bell Tower. Yagan Square connects Northbridge and the Perth CBD, with a 45-metre-high digital tower and the 9-metre statue "Wirin" designed by Noongar artist Tjyllyungoo. The Northbridge Piazza is an outdoor area located at the corner of Lake Street and James

neg: Southbridge and Blackstone Railroad ending point of the Blackstone & Southbridge, moving the terminus from Southbridge to Mechanicsville, Connecticut, just north of Putnam, Connecticut. Here, the new line intersected an existing rail line which traveled north-south from New London, Connecticut to Worcester, Massachusetts. The track known as the Southbridge Running Track was also part of the railroad, and in 2004 the Providence and Worcester Railroad requested an abandonment exemption of this track from the Department of Transportation. Southbridge and Blackstone Railroad Southbridge and Blackstone Railroad was a historic railroad that originally operated between Blackstone, Massachusetts and Southbridge, Massachusetts, and its remaining functional tracks are

neg: MicroATX motherboard with a full range of integrated peripherals (especially integrated graphics), which may serve as the basis for small form factor and media center PCs. For example, the ASRock G31M-S motherboard (pictured right) features onboard Intel GMA graphics, HD Audio audio, and Realtek Ethernet (among others), thus freeing up the expansion slots that would have been used for a graphics card, sound card, and Ethernet card. In recent years, however, it is common even for ATX boards to integrate all these components, as much of this functionality is contained in the typical northbridge/southbridge pair. With the "must-have" functions already present

neg: System Controller Hub detected and configured using XFdrake. As it needs non-free firmware, this could not be included in Free isos. A rudimentary (no 3D acceleration) driver was added to Linux 2.6.39. Whitmore Lake is the codename of another SCH. This has the following variations: System Controller Hub System Controller Hub (SCH) is a family of Intel microchips employed in chipsets for low-power Atom-based platforms. Its architecture is consistent with the Intel Hub Architecture but combines the traditional northbridge and southbridge functions into a single microchip. Poulsbo is the codename of the first SCH and plays a key role in Intel's second-generation Menlow

neg: Intel Communication Streaming Architecture Intel Communication Streaming Architecture ==> This article needs to be disambiguated from Intel's "Configurable Spatial Accelerator" (CSA), which was announced in 2018. Intel's Communication Streaming Architecture (CSA) was a mechanism used in the Intel Hub Architecture to increase the bandwidth available between a network card and the CPU. It consists of connecting directly the network controller to the Memory Controller Hub (northbridge), instead of to the I/O Controller Hub (southbridge) through the PCI bus, which was the common practice until that point. The technology was only used in Intel chipsets released in 2003, and was largely seen as a stop-gap

neg: Pentium D was not supported by Intel. The i975X featured the ICH7R southbridge and supported all LGA 775 (Socket T) Pentium 4, Pentium D, and Pentium Extreme Edition branded processors. The Pentium D brand was succeeded on July 27, 2006, by the Core 2 branded line of microprocessors with the Core microarchitecture released as dual- and quad-core microprocessors branded Duo, Quad, and Extreme. In a single-processor scenario, the CPU-to-northbridge link is point-to-point and the only real requirement is that it is fast enough to keep the CPU fed with data from memory. When assessing the Pentium D, it is important to note

neg: Silicon Integrated Systems connectivity. SiS' proprietary MuTIOL interconnect connects the southbridge chip to the northbridge, which contains the RAM controller (for chipsets targeted at Intel platforms) and interfaces with the CPU. Some cards contain a 3D graphics accelerator but it is only functional with the SiS's Proprietary Windows-only driver (the company does not provide documentation for others to write drivers). However, the Linux kernel includes a working third party driver that, while not supporting 3D gaming, makes the cards usable under Linux. Silicon Integrated Systems Silicon Integrated Systems (SiS; ) is a company that manufactures, among other things, motherboard chipsets. The company was

neg: Massachusetts's 5th congressional district election to replace Marty Meehan, Republican candidate Jim Ogonowski ran an unexpectedly strong race, ultimately losing 51-45%. In Middlesex County: In Suffolk County: In Worcester County: "The towns of Ashburnham, Auburn, Barre, Brookfield, Charlton, Dana, Douglas, Dudley, Gardner, Grafton, Hardwick, Holden, Hubbardston, Leicester, Mendon, Milford, Millbury, New Braintree, North Brookfield, Northbridge, Oakham, Oxford, Paxton, Petersham, Phillipston, Princeton, Rutland, Southbridge, Spencer, Sturbridge, Sutton, Templeton, Upton, Uxbridge, Warren, Webster, West Boylston, Westminster, Winchendon, and Worcester, in the County of Worcester." "The wards numbered one, two, three, four, five, and six, in the city of Boston, and the towns of Chelsea and North

neg: Platform Controller Hub and the CPU compared to the previous architecture: some northbridge functions, the memory controller and PCI-e lanes, were integrated into the CPU while the PCH took over the remaining functions in addition to the traditional roles of the southbridge. The PCH architecture supersedes Intel's previous Hub Architecture, with its design addressing the eventual problematic performance bottleneck between the processor and the motherboard. Over time, the speed of CPUs kept increasing but the bandwidth of the front-side bus (FSB) (connection between the CPU and the motherboard) did not, resulting in a performance bottleneck. Under the Hub Architecture, a motherboard would have

neg: Intel Hub Architecture Intel Hub Architecture Intel Hub Architecture (IHA) was Intel's architecture for the 8xx family of chipsets, starting c. 1999 with the Intel 810. It uses a memory controller hub (MCH) that is connected to an I/O Controller Hub (ICH) via a 266 MB/s bus. The MCH chip supports memory and AGP, while the ICH chip provides connectivity for PCI, USB, sound, IDE hard disks and LAN. Intel claimed that, because of the high-speed channel between the sections, the IHA was faster than the earlier northbridge/southbridge design, which hooked all low-speed ports to the PCI bus. The IHA also optimized data

neg: Direct Media Interface PCI Express, using multiple lanes and differential signaling to form a point-to-point link. Most implementations use a ×4 link, while some mobile systems (e.g. 915GMS, 945GMS/GSE/GU and the Atom N450) use a ×2 link, halving the bandwidth. The original implementation provides 10 Gbit/s (1 GB/s) in each direction using a ×4 link. DMI 2.0, introduced in 2011, doubles the data transfer rate to 2 GB/s with a ×4 link. It is used to link an Intel CPU with the Intel Platform Controller Hub (PCH), which supersedes the historic implementation of a separate northbridge and southbridge. DMI 3.0, released in August

neg: Apollo VP3 K6, Cyrix 6x86, WinChip C2 and C6 CPU-s. It uses VT82C597 (or VT82C597AT for Baby AT and ATX motherboards) northbridge controller chip and AC97 compliant VT82C586B southbridge chip with ACPI power management system. VP3 has 64 bits memory bus; 32 bits 33 MHz PCI; 32 bits 66 MHz AGP 2X with sideband addressing, 133 MHz signalling and up to 533 MB/s transfer capability interfaces. It uses an integrated 10-bits TAG comparator and supports up to 2 MB pipelined burst synchronous SRAM (cache memory) and up to 1 GB ECC cachable RAM memory. Memory controller supports up to 8 memory pages

neg: Northbridge FC Northbridge FC North Shore Mariners is an Australian semi-professional association football club based in suburb of Northbridge, Sydney, New South Wales. Founded in 1952, the club currently competes in the National Premier Leagues NSW 2, with matches played at Northbridge Oval. Northbridge is Australia’s largest community club with over 2,500 register players. The club has a youth development academy partnership with A-League club Central Coast Mariners with the teams playing at Northbridge now known as the North Shore Mariners. The partnership allows players from Central Coast Mariners to be loaned to Northbridge FC for playing experience while it also allows

neg: Perth Institute of Contemporary Arts Perth Institute of Contemporary Arts Perth Institute of Contemporary Arts (PICA) is a contemporary visual and performance arts venue located in Perth, Western Australia. PICA is currently housed in a heritage building at 53 James Street, Northbridge. The building, which dates from 1896, was for 40 years the Perth Boys' and Girls' School (one of several schools known collectively as Perth Central School). The Perth Central School was developed principally between 1877 and 1914. It amalgamated the Infants' School, Perth Boys' School, Perth Girls' School, Manual Training School and Normal School on the one site between Roe and James Streets.

neg: Perth Institute of Contemporary Arts Estate by the Australian Heritage Commission on 21 October 1980. It was permanently entered on to the State Register of Heritage Places on 24 March 2000. Perth Institute of Contemporary Arts Perth Institute of Contemporary Arts (PICA) is a contemporary visual and performance arts venue located in Perth, Western Australia. PICA is currently housed in a heritage building at 53 James Street, Northbridge. The building, which dates from 1896, was for 40 years the Perth Boys' and Girls' School (one of several schools known collectively as Perth Central School). The Perth Central School was developed principally between 1877 and 1914.

neg: Beechwood (Southbridge, Massachusetts) Beechwood (Southbridge, Massachusetts) Beechwood is a historic house at 495 Main Street in Southbridge, Massachusetts. Built in 1868, it is prominent locally as a fine early example of Stick style architecture, and as one of the first houses to be built that became one of the city's upper-class neighborhoods. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989. Beechwood is located near the transition point on the west side of downtown Southbridge between its commercial area and adjacent residential parts of Main Street. It is set on the south side of Main Street, between South and Marcy

neg: Beechwood (Southbridge, Massachusetts) Notre Dame Church now stands). Beechwood (Southbridge, Massachusetts) Beechwood is a historic house at 495 Main Street in Southbridge, Massachusetts. Built in 1868, it is prominent locally as a fine early example of Stick style architecture, and as one of the first houses to be built that became one of the city's upper-class neighborhoods. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989. Beechwood is located near the transition point on the west side of downtown Southbridge between its commercial area and adjacent residential parts of Main Street. It is set on the south side of Main

neg: Chinese desserts in Chinese culture. Ice cream is also commonly available throughout China. Chinese jellies are known collectively in the language as "jellies or ices" ( or ). Many jelly desserts are traditionally set with agar and are flavored with fruits, though gelatin based jellies are also common in contemporary desserts. Some Chinese jellies, such as the grass jelly and the aiyu jelly set by themselves. Chinese dessert soups ( or ) typically consists of sweet and usually hot soups and custards. They are collectively known as tong sui in Cantonese. Some of these soups are made with restorative properties in mind,

neg: Tiffany-Leonard House Tiffany-Leonard House The Tiffany-Leonard House (also known as The Southbridge News building) is a historic house at 25 Elm Street in Southbridge, Massachusetts. Built about 1832, it is a distinctive and high-quality local example of Greek Revival architecture, and is notable for its association with prominent local business owners. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989. The Tiffany-Leonard House is set on the east side of Elm Street, just south of Southbridge's downtown and opposite the Elm Street Fire House. It is a handsome two story brick structure, with a front-facing gable roof and a

neg: Southbridge, New Zealand in Southbridge and it was thus known as the Southbridge Branch. Traffic was strong in the line's early decades; in 1914, two mixed trains and a goods-only train ran each way daily. However, the line entered into decline after the late 1920s. Passenger services to Southbridge were cancelled on 14 April 1951, and the line closed entirely on 30 June 1962. Few remnants of the line remain, though locations of level crossings can be discerned. Ngāti Moki marae, a "marae" (tribal meeting ground) of Ngāi Tahu and its Te Taumutu Rūnanga branch, is located in Southbridge. It includes Ngāti Moki

neg: Northbridge, Western Australia Northbridge, Western Australia Northbridge is an inner city suburb of Perth, Western Australia, historically separated from Perth's central business district by the Fremantle and Joondalup railway lines. It is part of the City of Perth local government area. Located immediately north of the CBD, Northbridge is officially bounded by William Street, Roe Street, Newcastle Street and the Mitchell Freeway. The name Northbridge is often misapplied to areas and landmarks which are east of William Street and/or north of Newcastle Street, such as the Perth Cultural Centre, which are technically still part of the suburb of Perth. The area is accessible

neg: Northbridge, Massachusetts States. Northbridge has a number of valley sites designated by the National Park service. The Reservoir of the West Hill Dam flood control project and recreation area also lies within the town limits of Northbridge. Several goals of the town are: "to strengthen the local economy through developing and reusing industrial areas as well as retaining existing businesses"; and, "to keep Northbridge as a desirable place to live through preserving and revitalizing the village centers, maintaining and expanding town services, and protecting natural resources". According to "The Boston Globe", Northbridge was recently named as one of the most 'Bio-Ready' communities

neg: Northbridge, New South Wales of 42,000 pounds and originally known as North Sydney Bridge. The engineer responsible for the construction was J.E.Coyle and the style was Federation Gothic, with medieval motifs as "unexpected embellishments". It has been known as the Northbridge and Cammeray Suspension Bridge but is now called the Long Gully Bridge. The land where the suspension bridge was built belonged to William Twemlow, a Sydney jeweller. In 1868 he purchased the land extending from Fig Tree Point to the head of Long Bay, (now Northbridge). He initially regarded the land as valueless but changed his mind when he made a handsome profit

neg: Paul Whitin of his sons would become very influential in the development of the textile industry in the Northbridge, Massachusetts area during the 19th Century, establishing or acquiring several mills throughout the Blackstone Valley area, including ones at Uxbridge, Linwood, Riverdale and Rockdale. It was the Whitin Machine Works however, which would have the greatest impact on the area and the textile industry. In 1835, the village of South Northbridge became known as Whitinsville in his honor. In 1809, Paul Whitin and his father-in-law James Fletcher and others from Northbridge and Leicester, established the Northbridge Cotton Manufacturing Company. This wood-framed spinning mill,

neg: Northbridge High School Northbridge High School Northbridge High School is a public high school in Whitinsville, Massachusetts, United States. William Bishop is the school's interim principal. Northbridge participates in the school choice program that allows parents to send their children to schools in communities other than the city or town in which they reside. Tuition is paid by the sending district to the receiving district. Northbridge High School is widely known for its competitive football program. The Rams have appeared in 18 State Championship games, and have captured 11 MIAA State Championships. The team won state championships in 1974, 1987, 1989, 1997, 1998,

neg: Southbridge, Massachusetts arriving in the 1970s and 1980s, and the town now has a significant Hispanic and Puerto Rican population. The American Optical Company shut down in 1984, and Southbridge is still struggling from the loss of these and other manufacturing jobs. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and , or 2.40%, is water. Southbridge is drained by the Quinebaug River. The principal road in Southbridge is Route 131, known as Main Street through downtown and East Main Street past the "AO Rotary" and through Sandersdale, a village on

neg: Maple Street Historic District (Southbridge, Massachusetts) gable end to the street, with the main entrances of the houses on the sides, facing each other in pairs. Nominally 1-1/2 stories tall, they feature long dormers in their roof line that create a full second story inside. All feature a slate roof, stucco exterior, and an enclosed porch. The design work for them was done by Loring & Leland of Boston, who are known to have designed other worker housing areas. Maple Street Historic District (Southbridge, Massachusetts) The Maple Street Historic District consists of a cluster of ten similar worker cottages on Maple Street in Southbridge, Massachusetts. They

neg: LGA 1156 motherboard's graphics ports. The Desktop chipsets that support LGA 1156 are Intel's H55, H57, P55, and Q57. Server chipsets supporting the socket are Intel's 3400, 3420 and 3450. LGA 1156 LGA 1156, also known as Socket H or H1, is an Intel desktop CPU socket. LGA stands for land grid array. Its incompatible successor is LGA 1155. LGA 1156, along with LGA 1366, were designed to replace LGA 775. Whereas LGA 775 processors connect to a northbridge using the Front Side Bus, LGA 1156 processors integrate the features traditionally located on a northbridge within the processor itself. The LGA 1156

neg: Southbridge Town Hall is itself surrounded by a stone block arch supported by twin columns. During the period of the Romanesque Revival's popularity, three buildings were built in Southbridge. The other two, a bank building and the YMCA, are no longer standing. The town hall is now its only surviving example of this style. Southbridge Town Hall Southbridge Town Hall is an historic town hall at 41 Elm Street in Southbridge, Massachusetts. The imposing Romanesque Revival building was built in 1888 to serve as both the town hall and the public high school. It is the only major Romanesque building to survive in

neg: Northbridge, Western Australia part of the Perth CBD, and was known by informal names such as "North of the Bridge" and "North of the Line". Northbridge was split from Perth and officially gazetted as a suburb in 1982. Northbridge today is a predominantly ethnic precinct, and contains a wide array of cuisine, including Asian and Mediterranean cuisine, and contains Perth's main nightlife district, which is centred on James Street and Lake Street. Northbridge's restaurant, cafe and bar scene varies from laneway bars and hole in the wall eateries, to prominent multi storey venues such as the Brass Monkey and Metro City concert club.

neg: Southbridge, Virginia of Directors are: Nick Antonetti, President (term expires 2017); Doug Thornton, Vice President (term expires 2015); Rob Hicks, Treasurer (term expires 2015); Rich Inlow, Secretary (term expires 2016); Candy Arthur, Director (term expires 2016); John Letsen, Director (term expires 2017) Michael Mumford, Director (term expires 2017); Jim Riley, Director (term expires 2015); and Matt Webb, Director (term expires 2016). Southbridge celebrated its 20th anniversary in 2010. Southbridge is located at 38°34'33" North, 77°17'58" West (38.5759, −77.299633). Southbridge is part of the Cherry Hill census-designated place. As of the 2010 census, the CDP had a total population of 16,000. Southbridge, Virginia

neg: Southbridge and Blackstone Railroad Southbridge and Blackstone Railroad Southbridge and Blackstone Railroad was a historic railroad that originally operated between Blackstone, Massachusetts and Southbridge, Massachusetts, and its remaining functional tracks are now owned and operated by the Providence and Worcester Railroad (). According to the Town of Norfolk website: the Southbridge and Blackstone was chartered in 1849 to build a railroad between Blackstone and Southbridge, Massachusetts passing through the northeast corner of Connecticut in East Thompson. After a series of financial problems and scandals, many of these smaller companies were absorbed into the Boston and New York Central Railroad. The new company revised the

neg: Southbridge, Virginia and vehicle registration. Southbridge is governed by the Southbridge Community Association, which retains Cardinal Management Group as its on-site property manager. Residents are represented on the Southbridge Community Association by a nine-member Board of Directors. Each year, three directors are elected to a three-year term on the board. In the event that a vacancy occurs before the expiration of a director's term, an individual is appointed by the remaining directors to fill the seat until the next association annual meeting at which time an election is held for the remainder of the unexpired term. The current members of the Board

neg: Whitinsville, Massachusetts towns or the state. The Northbridge Town Hall is located at 7 Main Street in Whitinsville, the largest village in the town. The Northbridge Board of Selectmen functions like a city council. Local police, public works, board of health, fire, and schools are each administered as part of the government of the Town of Northbridge. Whitinsville, Massachusetts Whitinsville is an unincorporated village within the town of Northbridge in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. Whitinsville is a census-designated place (CDP) and its population was 6,704 at the 2010 census. Whitinsville is pronounced as if it were spelled "White-ins-ville". It was founded

neg: Northbridge, Western Australia by foot from Perth railway station and Perth Busport. It is served by a free CAT bus and also has a significant number of public car parks, both open and high rise. The area is largely a mix of commercial, public and residential properties. The area now known as Northbridge originally hosted freshwater swamps where the current railway station and railway lines are. Draining of the swamps commenced in the 1860s, by convict labour, facilitating the construction of more permanent buildings. The gold boom of the 1890s saw the construction of many hotels for the accommodation of prospectors, including the

neg: Northbridge FC to be, with the Mariners losing out to Marconi Stallions in a tight contest that ended 2-0. The club has a youth development academy partnership with A-League club Central Coast Mariners with the teams playing at Northbridge now known as the North Shore Mariners. The North Shore Mariners Academy is administered by Northbridge FC, and will provide kids from Skills Acquisition Program (SAP) through to senior ranks in men’s and women’s competitions the opportunity to represent the 2013 Hyundai A-League Champions (Central Coast Mariners). As such, the prospects for the Club to not only recruit some of the state’s best

neg: Southbridge, Virginia Pope John Paul the Great Catholic High School is in the Diocese of Arlington. The new campus is a state-of-the-art facility which will eventually have a capacity of 1000 students. Southbridge is located near Interstate 95 and State Route 234 (the Ronald Wilson Reagan Memorial Highway), just off U.S. Route 1, providing access to Washington, D.C. to the north and the rest of Northern Virginia. A Virginia Railway Express station is set to open at Cherry Hill once track work is completed. Swans Creek Elementary School, located within the confines of Southbridge, is part of the Prince William County Public

neg: Congregational Church (Southbridge, Massachusetts) Congregational Church (Southbridge, Massachusetts) The Elm Street Congregational Church is a historic church at 61 Elm Street in Southbridge, Massachusetts. Built in 1885, it is a high quality local example of high Victorian Gothic Revival architecture executed in brick. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989. The congregation, founded in 1816, is affiliated with the United Church of Christ. The Elm Street Congregational Church is set on the east side of Elm Street, just south of Main Street and opposite Dresser Street. It is a single-story brick structure with elaborate high Victorian styling, oriented with

neg: Northbridge FC 3, lost 1) to take out the State League 1 premiership. Northbridge went on to win their first State League 1 grand final in 3 attempts beating Hills Brumbies in an enthralling match, holding on to a 3–2 win, playing the last 15 minutes with 10 men. The 2015 season also saw Northbridge make waves in the NSW qualifying rounds of the FFA Cup (also known as the Waratah Cup) only just losing to NSW NPL1 side Sydney United 1–0 in the penultimate round before the FFA cup proper. Sydney United went on to qualify for the FFA cup and

neg: Southbridge, Massachusetts of its budget on its public library—some $25 per person. The Jacob Edwards Library is the public library for the town of Southbridge. It is a member of Central Massachusetts Regional Library System (CMRLS) and C/W MARS. Southbridge has three public elementary schools, formerly "neighborhood schools" serving grades K-5. Since the 1988–1989 school year, however, all kindergarten and 1st grade classes have been at Eastford Road School; all of grades 2–3 at Charlton Street School; and all of grades 4–5 at West Street School. Grades 6–12 are at Southbridge Middle/High School. Southbridge residents can also attend Bay Path Regional Vocational

neg: Auburn, Massachusetts in Auburn along with exits 7 (I-90), 8 (Rt. 12), and 9 (Swanson Rd EB, Auburn St. WB). I-395: Two miles of Interstate 395 are in Auburn which becomes I-290 after Exit 6 (US 20). Route 12: Five miles of Rt. 12 (Southbridge St.) traverses generally north/south through Auburn and its intersection with Auburn St. is named Drury Square. US 20: Five miles of US 20 runs through Auburn. At 3,365 miles, US 20 is the longest road in the United States. In Auburn it is also known as Southbridge St. (concurrent section with RT 12), Washington St. and the

neg: Whitin Machine Works Whitin Machine Works The Whitin Machine Works (WMW) was founded by Paul Whitin and his sons in 1831 on the banks of the Mumford River in South Northbridge, Massachusetts. The village of South Northbridge became known as Whitinsville in 1835, in honor of its founder. The WMW became one of the largest textile machinery companies in the world. Known as The "Shop" to locals, would operate well into the 20th century, long after many of the New England mills had moved South. By 1948, The company was operating at peak capacity, employing 5,615 men and women. The Shop was the

neg: Linwood Historic District (Northbridge, Massachusetts) Linwood Historic District (Northbridge, Massachusetts) The Linwood Historic District is an industrial historic district in the Linwood village of Northbridge, Massachusetts. It is the site of the Linwood Cotton Mill and is roughly bounded by Linwood Aveue, Maple Court, and Pine Court. On June 16, 1989, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places. The Linwood Mill was built in 1866 by members of the Whitin family, who had purchased land in the area in the late 1840s. The Whitins had a history in the textile industry dating as far back as 1809, and are for whom the

neg: Collectively exhaustive events Compare this to the concept of a set of mutually exclusive events. In such a set no more than one event can occur at a given time. (In some forms of mutual exclusion only one event can ever occur.) The set of all possible die rolls is both mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive (i.e., "MECE"). The events 1 and 6 are mutually exclusive but not collectively exhaustive. The events "even" (2,4 or 6) and "not-6" (1,2,3,4, or 5) are collectively exhaustive but not mutually exclusive. In some forms of mutual exclusion only one event can ever occur, whether collectively exhaustive

neg: Northbridge, Massachusetts had trolleys running through some of its village centers, and was on a commuter train line running from Worcester to Providence. The train runs as a freight line currently, however, discussion has begun in Rhode Island and Massachusetts about the possible redevelopment of a commuter line on this route Northbridge has both a public education system and a private education system. The public schools are operated by Northbridge Public Schools. Whitinsville Christian School is located at 279 Linwood Avenue in Whitinsville. The school houses pre-K through 12th grade and is accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges.

neg: Southbridge District High School was rebuilt on the original site, whilst the Primary School rebuilt on the opposite side of the street. While the Southbridge Primary School continued, the Southbridge District High School was replaced by Ellesmere College (New Zealand) in Leeston by 1981. Southbridge District High School The Southbridge District High School was a school in New Zealand until 1981. The Southbridge Primary School which is still in use today, based in Southbridge, New Zealand, was founded in 1868 with a roll of 20 students. The school was enlarged and reached its greatest number of students (389) in 1890. The Southbridge District High