query: what is the type of government in germany

pos: Politics of Germany especially between city-states ("Stadtstaaten") and states with larger territories ("Flächenländer"). For regional administrative purposes five states, namely Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, Hesse, North Rhine-Westphalia and Saxony, consist of a total of 22 Government Districts ("Regierungsbezirke"). As of 2009 Germany is divided into 403 districts ("Kreise") on municipal level, these consist of 301 rural districts and 102 urban districts. Politics of Germany Germany is a democratic, federal parliamentary republic, where federal legislative power is vested in the Bundestag (the parliament of Germany) and the Bundesrat (the representative body of the Länder, Germany's regional states). The multilateral system has, since 1949, been dominated by

neg: Lithuanian Activist Front (Reichskommissariat Ostland) and slowly deprived the government of its powers. The government lost all of its power in a few weeks, and seeing no more reason to continue work, dissolved itself in August 1941. LAF as an organization remained. In September it sent a memorandum to Germany protesting against the occupation of Lithuania. In response, the Lithuanian Activist Front was banned on September 26; many of its leaders were arrested and sent to concentration camps. LAF is a controversial organization because of its anti-Semitic and anti-Polish views and overall collaboration with the Nazi Germany. For example, LAF's manifesto-type essay "What

neg: Reparations Agreement between Israel and West Germany they were owed 1.5 billion dollars ($ in today dollars) by Germany. They also figured that six billion dollars worth of Jewish property had been pillaged by the Nazis, but stressed that the Germans could never make up for what they did with any type of material recompense. Negotiations leading to the Reparations Agreement between Israel and West Germany began in March 1952, and were conducted between representatives of the government of the Federal Republic, the government of the State of Israel, and representatives of the World Jewish Congress, headed by Dr. Goldmann. These discussions led to a bitter controversy

neg: Tanks of the post–Cold War era in the PRC's National Day parade in 1999. Following the completion of the Type 98, research into improved versions of the tank continued within the Chinese government. These programs produced the Type 98G, a refined iteration of the Type 98 with a better reliability record. At the end of 2001, the first batch of 40 Type 98G tanks entered service with the regular Army. The Type 98G eventually gave rise to what is now known as the Type 99, which was officially revealed by the government in 2001. The final version of the Type 99 included a 1,500-horsepower engine, as

neg: Auto Union racing car the cars, and they were retained as war possessions. As Zwickau post-war was located in Soviet controlled Communist East Germany, what little of the Auto Union racing cars existed were shipped back to the Soviet Union, distributed to scientific institutes and motor manufacturers including NAMI for research. The Auto Union company itself was forced to relocate to West Germany, where it was re-incorporated in Ingolstadt in 1949, ultimately evolving into Audi as it is known today. Today, it is believed that most of the cars were probably reduced to scrap, and that no Type A or Type B cars exist

neg: The Book of Swindles entertainers, mendicants, and swindlers. The overarching maxim of the "jianghu" is that people are often not what they seem, which is integral to the swindle story. "The Book of Swindles" is divided into twenty-four types of swindle: Type 1: Misdirection and Theft; Type 2: The Bag Drop; Type 3: Money Changing; Type 4: Misrepresentation; Type 5: False Relations; Type 6: Brokers; Type 7: Enticement to Gambling; Type 8: Showing Off Wealth; Type 9: Scheming for Wealth; Type 10: Robbery; Type 11: Violence; Type 12: On Boats; Type 13: Poetry; Type 14: Fake Silver; Type 15: Government Underlings; Type 16: Marriage;

neg: Feliks Koneczny highly valued. Knowledge is empirical. In the Byzantine civilization, organized religion is dependent on the state. In this type of civilization all means are justified to achieve political goals. Politicians follow ethics in private life, but in public they are judged by their skills, not by ethics. The legal government has absolute authority and its orders are not doubted. Germany under Bismarck was an example of that type of civilization. In the Turanian civilization, the government is the source of law and ethics and stands above the law and ethics. The ruler cannot be doubted. Koneczny considered Russia under the

neg: Security, Territory, Population government of the state, the other type would become known as what we know and associate the term today criminal justice system, Law enforcement, Forensic science and the modern uniformed police Polizeistaat police state, translated into English as policing of the state. Originally from Germany, this system spread right throughout Europe from the middle of the 17th century and most crucially, this Polizeiwissenschaft grow a substantial bibliography of this system ‘science of police’ by the 19th century. Foucault's research shows that some 4000 different pamphlets and articles had emerged from 1520-1850 under the titles of “science of police in the

neg: Lesbian In categorizing behavior that indicated what was referred to as "inversion" by German sexologist Magnus Hirschfeld, researchers categorized what was normal sexual behavior for men and women, and therefore to what extent men and women varied from the "perfect male sexual type" and the "perfect female sexual type". Far less literature focused on female homosexual behavior than on male homosexuality, as medical professionals did not consider it a significant problem. In some cases, it was not acknowledged to exist. However, sexologists Richard von Krafft-Ebing from Germany, and Britain's Havelock Ellis wrote some of the earliest and more enduring categorizations of

neg: Government bunker (Germany) in its original condition. Visitors can see the two MAN gates as well as the air locks used to bypass them with the corresponding decontamination rooms, followed by several steel doors and several offices and dormitories. A partially authentically furnished medical unit is also on display. Original equipment from the bunker and guided tours help imagine what life in the bunker once was like. The museum ends with a view into the fully gutted tunnel. Government bunker (Germany) The Government Bunker "(Regierungsbunker)" in Germany, officially named "Ausweichsitz der Verfassungsorgane des Bundes im Krisen- und Verteidigungsfall zur Wahrung von deren Funktionstüchtigkeit

neg: German submarine U-121 (1940) instead. The Chinese Nationalist Government used 10,000,000 Marks to order two Type IIB U-boats in 1937. They also dispatched 80 men to Germany for training in submarine operations. The Japanese Government complained over this transaction, so the Chinese took their money back and the pair of Type IIB submarines joined the Kriegsmarine after the outbreak of the Second World War in Europe. They were U-120 and U-121. German Type IIB submarines were enlarged versions of the original Type IIs. "U-121" had a displacement of when at the surface and while submerged. Officially, the standard tonnage was , however. The U-boat

neg: East Germany its territory. The government of East Germany had control over a large number of military and paramilitary organisations through various ministries. Chief among these was the Ministry of National Defence. Because of East Germany's proximity to the West during the Cold War (1945–92), its military forces were among the most advanced of the Warsaw Pact. Defining what was a military force and what was not is a matter of some dispute. The Nationale Volksarmee (NVA) was the largest military organisation in East Germany. It was formed in 1956 from the Kasernierte Volkspolizei (Barracked People's Police), the military units of the

neg: Propaganda: The Formation of Men's Attitudes the government cannot be led by opinion. All of this describes the "Mass-Government" relationship characterized by people demanding what has already been decided, in order to appear as though the government is actually caring about what the people need. The next part that the book discusses is psychological warfare. It is believed to be a peace policy that is used between nations as a form of aggression. This type of propaganda changes the public opinion of an opposing regime so that it can be in favor of their regime. The individual needs propaganda to gain satisfaction as a member of

neg: Cryptolacerta Amphisbaenia. Cryptolacerta Cryptolacerta ("Hidden lizard" from Greek) is an extinct genus of Lacertoid lizard which lived during the Eocene epoch (Lutetian stage, about 47 million years ago) in what is now Germany. It is known from a nearly complete and articulated skeleton including the skull, which was found in the Messel/Messel Pit locality of Germany. "Cryptolacerta" was named by Johannes Müller, Christy A. Hipsley, Jason J. Head, Nikolay Kardjilov, André Hilger, Michael Wuttke and Robert R. Reisz in 2011 and the type species is "Cryptolacerta hassiaca". Cladistic analysis conducted by Müller "et al." suggests that "Cryptolacerta" is a sister taxon

neg: Cryptolacerta Cryptolacerta Cryptolacerta ("Hidden lizard" from Greek) is an extinct genus of Lacertoid lizard which lived during the Eocene epoch (Lutetian stage, about 47 million years ago) in what is now Germany. It is known from a nearly complete and articulated skeleton including the skull, which was found in the Messel/Messel Pit locality of Germany. "Cryptolacerta" was named by Johannes Müller, Christy A. Hipsley, Jason J. Head, Nikolay Kardjilov, André Hilger, Michael Wuttke and Robert R. Reisz in 2011 and the type species is "Cryptolacerta hassiaca". Cladistic analysis conducted by Müller "et al." suggests that "Cryptolacerta" is a sister taxon to

neg: Cheliderpeton Cheliderpeton Cheliderpeton (often misspelled Chelyderpeton) is an extinct genus of temnospondyl amphibian. It lived during the Early Permian in what is now Europe and Germany. Fossils have been found from the Ruprechtice horizon of the Intrasudetic Basin of Bohemia in the Czech Republic, as well as the Saar-Nahe Basin of southwestern Germany. "Cheliderpeton" had a 16 cm skull, and reached about 65 cm in length. The type species of "Cheliderpeton" is "C. vranyi", named in 1877 by the Czech paleontologist Antonin Fritsch and found from the Czech Republic. A second species named "C. latirostre" was described in 1993 by J.

neg: Wellnhoferia Wellnhoferia Wellnhoferia is a genus of early prehistoric bird-like theropod dinosaur closely related to "Archaeopteryx". It lived in what is now Germany, during the Late Jurassic. While "Wellnhoferia" was similar to "Archaeopteryx", it had a shorter tail and its fourth toe was shorter than in "Archaeopteryx". Andrzej Elżanowski (2001) of the Institute of Zoology of the University of Wrocław, Poland, determined the differences resulted from a "phylogenetic reduction rather than individual variation." The type specimen is the Solnhofen Specimen of "Archaeopteryx" (BSP 1999). Discovered in the 1960s near Eichstätt, Germany and described in 1988 by Wellnhofer (as a specimen of

neg: Movable type "Confucian prohibition on the commercialization of printing" also obstructed the proliferation of movable type, restricting the distribution of books produced using the new method to the government. The technique was restricted to use by the royal foundry for official state publications only, where the focus was on reprinting Chinese classics lost in 1126 when Korea's libraries and palaces had perished in a conflict between dynasties. Scholarly debate and speculation has occurred as to whether Eastern movable type spread to Europe between the late 14th century and early 15th centuries. Johannes Gutenberg of Mainz, Germany is acknowledged as the first to

neg: Great dolmen Great dolmen The great dolmen or grand dolmen (, ) is a type of megalithic site of the Funnelbeaker culture (TBK) that occurs in Nordic megalith architecture, primarily in the east of what is now German Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, and which has two different types of entrance. Neolithic monuments are features of the culture and ideology of Neolithic communities. Their evolution and function act as indicators of social development. The type of site, called "Stordysse" in Danish, does not follow the criteria listed below. In Germany, dolmens with three or more capstones are described as great dolmens and are divided into: The

neg: Bartmann jug Bartmann jug A Bartmann jug (from German "Bartmann", "bearded man"), also called Bellarmine jug, is a type of decorated salt-glazed stoneware that was manufactured in Europe throughout the 16th and 17th centuries, especially in the Cologne region in what is today western Germany. The signature decorative detail was a bearded face mask appearing on the lower neck of the vessel. They were made as jugs, bottles and pitchers in various sizes and for a multitude of uses, including storage of food or drink, decanting wine and transporting goods. Stoneware was a key export product of Germany in the late Middle

neg: Helmut Kirchmeyer type of "ergography", which in 2002 he systematically followed up in his bibliography of the works of Stravinsky. Since its publication, Kirchmeyer has been working on his documentary on Wagner criticism again and he has begun to write his memoirs. Helmut Kirchmeyer Helmut Franz Maria Kirchmeyer (born 30 June 1930 in Düsseldorf, Germany) is a German musicologist, philologist and historian. After grammar school he studied musicology, German literature and philosophy at the University of Cologne, where he presented what is probably the first thesis in Germany on a living composer, Igor Stravinsky, in 1954. He then studied legal affairs, concentrating

neg: Imperial Schrade center of Solingen, Germany, where he ran a small workshop. There Schrade developed a new type of switchblade knife, which he titled the "Springer". However, in 1916 the German government seized all of Schrade's assets in Germany to assist its war production. Schrade returned to the United States, though his "Springer" switchblade would live on; now unprotected by patent, the type was manufactured by several Solingen shops for many years thereafter. In 1917, Schrade licensed a flylock switchblade design to the Challenge Cutlery Company, which he then joined. Schrade pursued his knifemaking interests at both Challenge and at Schrade, where

neg: VEB Typoart VEB Typoart VEB Typoart was the only type foundry of East Germany. It was a state-owned enterprise ("Volkseigener Betrieb") located in Dresden. The foundry's most influential art directors were Herbert Thannhäuser and Albert Kapr. VEB Typoart was created by the government of the German Democratic Republic in 1948 through a merger of several nationalised type foundries, including Schelter & Giesecke (1945) and Ludwig Wagner AG (1960). It was subordinated to "Zentrag", a state enterprise coordinating all GDR printing activity. Typoart's principal mission was to create typefaces for Eastern Germany and other Eastern Bloc countries. It was frequently ordered to plagiarise

neg: Tunnel construction roughly calculated at 300 Mio CHF, at the time 200 Mio Eur. The undersea tunnel between Denmark and Germany is planned for 425 Mio per km, in 2015. Cut-and-cover is a simple method of construction for shallow tunnels where a trench is excavated and roofed over with an overhead support system strong enough to carry the load of what is to be built above the tunnel. Two basic forms of cut-and-cover tunnelling are available: Shallow tunnels are often of the cut-and-cover type (if under water, of the immersed-tube type), while deep tunnels are excavated, often using a tunnelling shield. For

neg: General Government was the General Government's Bank of Issue in Poland (Polish: ', German: '). The full title of the regime in Germany until July 1940 was the "", a name that is usually translated as "General Government for the Occupied Polish Territories". On 31 July 1940 governor Hans Frank, on Hitler's authority, shortened the name to just "Generalgouvernement". An accurate English translation of "Generalgouvernement", which is a borrowing from French, is "General Governorate", as the correct translation of the term is not "government", but "governorate", which is a type of administrative division or territory. The German designation of was chosen in

neg: Geiseltaliellus Geiseltaliellus Geiseltaliellus is an extinct genus of iguanian lizards that lived in what is now western Europe during the Eocene. It belongs to the family Corytophanidae, which includes modern casquehead lizards. Many fossils are known from Germany, France, and Belgium, with the most well preserved coming from the Messel pit lagerstätte in Messel, Germany. German paleontologist Oskar Kuhn named the genus in 1944 after the Geiseltal valley where the first specimens were found, designating the type species "Geiseltaliellus longicaudus". Three new species — "G. louisi", "G. lamandini", and "G. grisolli" — were named in the 1990s and 2000s on the

neg: The Willful Child The Willful Child "The Wilful Child" () is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm as tale number 117. As a legend, it is widely distributed in Germany. It is Aarne-Thompson type 779, divine rewards and punishments. Another tales of this type are"The Star Money" and "Frau Trude. Once upon a time there was a child who was wilful and would not do what her mother wished. For this reason, God had no pleasure in her, and let her become ill. No doctor could do her any good, and in a short time the child lay on her

neg: Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany and decorated admirals or generals of the Wehrmacht. Although this is not explicitly spelled out in the Basic Law, a number of Constitutional Court cases in the 1990s established that the military may not be deployed by the government outside of NATO territory without a specific resolution of parliament, which describes the details of the mission and limits its term. There are also strict restrictions on the intervention of the military within Germany (i.e. a ban of the military being used for police-type duties), which generally only allow the military to act in unarmed roles within Germany (such as disaster

neg: Löwchen Löwchen, or simply small dogs of the Bichon type that were trimmed in a lion cut. Although this dog may be related to the Bichon Frise, the Löwchen's history remains obscure. The Löwchen has a history as a companion dog to the wealthy and elite. It is possible to trace the modern history of the breed to late-19th-century enthusiasts in what are now Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands. It is thought the breed's ancestors were dogs that were brought in by travelers from the far eastern lands of Tibet and mingled with local dogs such as Spitz and terrier-type dogs.

neg: Institute for Federal Real Estate (Germany) Estate will—due to property transfers—own and manage nearly all real estate used by the federal government of Germany. The Institute for Federal Real Estate was established via law on January 1, 2005. It succeeded the Federal Property Administration (), which was dismantled, and from which tasks and staff were transferred. At the same time, the Federal Forests Administration () was integrated into the institute as the federal forests division. The Institute for Federal Real Estate is a legal entity of the type , i.e. a public-law institute. It has approximately 5,800 employees at 120 different locations in Germany. The institute

neg: Rosé red Sangiovese grape and are called "Occhio di Pernice" (meaning "eye of the partridge". While traditionally produced in the Chianti DOC region, these wines are produced throughout Tuscany including the Carmignano DOC (the Carmignano DOCG is used for red wines only), Montecarlo DOC, Cortona DOC, Bolgheri and Elba DOCs. In Germany, several regions are noted for their distinct style of rosé (German "rosewein" or "roseewein"). Several terms are used to denote these different styles depending on how the wine was made, from what grapes and in what region. The term "Weißherbst" is a type of German rosé made from a

neg: Erich Raeder pre Grand Admiral life. Hans Raeder also taught his children to support the existing government of alleged "non-political" experts led by Bismarck who were said to stand "above politics" and were alleged to only do what was best for Germany. In the same way, Hans Raeder warned his children that if Germany were to become a democracy, that would be a disaster as it mean government by men "playing politics"-doing what was only best for their petty sectarian interests instead of the nation. Like many other middle-class Germans of his time, Hans Raeder had a strong dislike for the Social Democrats, who he

neg: Treaty of Versailles a lie." Because Germany was not allowed to take part in the negotiations, the German government issued a protest against what it considered to be unfair demands, and a "violation of honour", soon afterwards withdrawing from the proceedings of the peace conference. Germans of all political shades denounced the treaty—particularly the provision that blamed Germany for starting the war—as an insult to the nation's honor. They referred to the treaty as "the "Diktat"" since its terms were presented to Germany on a take-it-or-leave-it basis. Germany′s first democratically elected head of government, Philipp Scheidemann, resigned rather than sign the treaty. In

neg: Rolf Frick Rolf Frick Rolf Frick (born Chemnitz 16 September 1936: died 31 December 2008) was a German and politician (LDP / FDP). Rolf Frick was born in Chemnitz in the southern part of what was then central Germany. (Between 1953 and 1990 Chemnitz would be known as "Karl-Marx-Stadt", which is naturally reflected in contemporary sources.) His father was the director of a publishing house and, a new government regime would later determine, a committed Nazi supporter. By the time he was 9, World War II had ended and Chemnitz found itself in the Soviet occupation zone of what remained of Germany.

neg: Istanbul nostalgic tramways the motored trams include car 47, built in 1913; car 223, built in 1928; and car 410. Trailers are 411 and 418, built in Germany in 1914 and 1919, respectively. On Asian side T3 line, the trams are secondhand from tram systems in Germany. All are two-axle trams of similar design, but made by two different builders and acquired from two different tram systems, both located in what was East Germany at the time these trams were built. Istanbul cars 201 and 203, which have four windows on each side, are a type of tram known as "Rekowagen" (), built

neg: The War That Came Early in Germany. Hitler is killed and Germany is plunged into a civil war. As the new German government negotiates peace with the Allied powers, Germany retreats from most of the territories it conquered, but the British and French allow Germany to retain rule over what was Czechoslovakia - even though the German invasion of that country was their original reason to go to war. The Baltic states and the Vilnius region become part of the USSR, while in the other parts of Eastern Europe the pre-war anti-Communist dictators retain their rule - such as Ion Antonescu in Romania and Miklós

neg: John Smith Griffin on the plains Griffin set up his own personal jail in order to detain Native Americans who would steal from him. In 1843, Griffin attended the meetings at Champoeg on the Willamette River where he opposed the type of resolution introduced at the May third meeting. Though opposing the type of measure, he did vote for the creation of the Provisional Government in what was a 52-to-50 vote in favor of the formation of a government. This temporary government continued until the government of the Oregon Territory was formed in 1849, after the region south of the 49th parallel north

neg: Entrepreneurial company (Germany) Entrepreneurial company (Germany) An entrepreneurial company with limited liability (in German: Unternehmergesellschaft (haftungsbeschränkt)) is a German form of a private limited company, usually established as an alternative to a German corporation or GmbH (limited liability) entity. Companies organized as an entrepreneurial company have the suffix ‘"UG (haftungsbeschränkt)"’ appended to their names. The German government introduced the UG primarily to act as an alternative to establishing a traditional corporation. A UG established under German law is not a new type of legal entity; rather, it is a limited liability company similar to a GmbH, with the exception that, unlike the GmbH,

neg: Braunvieh and 1998 there was substantial cross-breeding with the American Brown Swiss with the aim of improving milk yield, physical size, and udder conformation. In Germany what began as a programme of improvement became in effect a programme of substitution; by 1994 the genetic contribution of the Brown Swiss to the Braunvieh had reached 60%. In Switzerland some breeders had continued to breed the traditional type of dual-purpose Braunvieh, and this was formalised as the Schweizer Original Braunvieh in 1993. It is registered in the same herd book as the modern-type Braunvieh, but has different breeding aims. Efforts to preserve the

neg: Berlin Blockade Germany to the Soviet Union. In response, the Soviets started a public relations campaign against American policy and began to obstruct the administrative work of all four zones of occupation. Until the blockade began in 1948, the Truman Administration had not decided whether American forces should remain in West Berlin after the establishment of a West German government, planned for 1949. Berlin quickly became the focal point of both US and Soviet efforts to re-align Europe to their respective visions. As Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov noted, "What happens to Berlin, happens to Germany; what happens to Germany, happens to

neg: Transport in Germany reunification substantial effort has been made to improve and expand transport infrastructure in what was formerly East Germany. Verkehrsmittel and Verkehrszeichen - Transportation Signs in Germany are available here in German and English. The volume of traffic in Germany, especially goods transportation, is at a very high level due to its central location in Europe. In the past few decades, much of the freight traffic shifted from rail to road, which led the Federal Government to introduce a motor toll for trucks in 2005. Individual road usage increased resulting in a relatively high traffic density to other nations. A further

neg: Eugen Richter the corner. At one point he asks rhetorically: "What is freedom of the press if the government owns all the presses? What is freedom of religion if the government owns all the houses of worship?" highlighting the abuse of power possible when these are owned by the state. Society however begins to deteriorate as shortages begin to occur, the wealth generated by capitalism declines, while the military and the police forces grow. Parallels with the real life state of East Germany may be seen, particularly in the brutal measures to stop people from emigrating. Anti-semitism was prevalent in the 1870s

neg: Efraasia larger groups. Efraasia Efraasia (pronounced "E-FRAHS-ee-A") is a genus of basal sauropodomorph dinosaur. It was a herbivore which lived during the middle Norian stage of the Late Triassic, around 210 million years ago, in what is now Germany. It was named in 1973 after Eberhard Fraas, who during the early twentieth century collected what were the original type specimens. The specimens were at first assigned to three already existing genera and so became divided among three separate species: "Teratosaurus minor", "Sellosaurus fraasi" and "Paleosaurus diagnosticus". In 2003 these were combined into a single valid species: "Efraasia minor". "Efraasia" was a

neg: Efraasia Efraasia Efraasia (pronounced "E-FRAHS-ee-A") is a genus of basal sauropodomorph dinosaur. It was a herbivore which lived during the middle Norian stage of the Late Triassic, around 210 million years ago, in what is now Germany. It was named in 1973 after Eberhard Fraas, who during the early twentieth century collected what were the original type specimens. The specimens were at first assigned to three already existing genera and so became divided among three separate species: "Teratosaurus minor", "Sellosaurus fraasi" and "Paleosaurus diagnosticus". In 2003 these were combined into a single valid species: "Efraasia minor". "Efraasia" was a lightly built,

neg: Real estate investment trust 1173/1997) it enables the existence of tax-efficient residential REITs. "Qualifications" The French acronyms for REIT are "SIIC" or "SCPI" (which are two different kinds of real-estate trust). In France, Unibail-Rodamco is the largest SIIC. Gecina is the second-largest publicly traded property company in France, with the third-highest asset value among European REITs. Germany planned to introduce German REITs (short, G-REITs) in order to create a new type of real estate investment vehicle. The Government feared that failing to introduce REITs in Germany would result in a significant loss of investment capital to other countries. Nonetheless there still is political resistance

neg: Antiqua–Fraktur dispute Antiqua–Fraktur dispute The Antiqua–Fraktur dispute was a typographical dispute in 19th- and early 20th-century Germany. In most European countries, blackletter typefaces like the German Fraktur were displaced with the creation of the Antiqua typefaces in the 15th and 16th centuries. However, in Germany, both fonts coexisted until the first half of the 20th century. During that time, both typefaces gained ideological connotations in Germany, which led to long and heated disputes on what was the "correct" typeface to use. The eventual outcome was that the Antiqua-type fonts won when the Nazi Party chose to phase out the more ornate-looking Fraktur.

neg: U-43-class submarine (Austria-Hungary) from Germany, by raising and recommissioning the sunken French submarine "Curie" as , and by building four submarines of the that were based on the 1911 Danish "Havmanden" class. After these steps alleviated the most urgent needs, the Austro-Hungarian Navy had adopted the German Type UB II design for what became known as the Austro-Hungarian "U-27" class in mid 1915, and had six of that class being built under license in Austria-Hungary by late 1916. In November 1916, Germany had inquired to find out if Austria-Hungary were interested in purchasing existing German submarines because Germany was having a hard time

neg: Japanese submarine I-52 (1942) Japanese submarine I-52 (1942) , code-named was a Type C-3 cargo submarine of the Imperial Japanese Navy used during World War II for a secret mission to Lorient, France, then occupied by Germany, during which she was sunk. She is also known as Japan's "Golden Submarine", because she was carrying a cargo of gold to Germany as payment for matériel and technology. There has been speculation that a peace proposal to the Allies was contained on board the "I-52" as well, but this is unlikely on two counts: there is no evidence that the Japanese government was interested in peace

neg: Internet censorship in Germany Internet censorship in Germany Although Internet censorship in Germany has traditionally been rated as low, it is practised directly and indirectly through various laws and court decisions. German law provides for freedom of speech and press with several exceptions, including what "The Guardian" has called "some of the world's toughest laws around hate speech". An example of content censored by law is the removal of web sites from Google search results that deny the holocaust, which is a felony under German law. According to the Google Transparency Report, the German government is frequently one of the most active in requesting

neg: Ferdinand A. Hermens U.S. government on re-organization of democracy in Germany and the government of Trinidad and Tobago on constitutional matters. Hermens studied at the Universities of Münster, Freiburg, Berlin and Bonn, In 1928 he graduated from the University of Bonn with an M.A. in Economics ("Diplom-Volkswirt"). Here Joseph Schumpeter was the supervisor of his Ph.D. ("Dr. rer. pol.") dissertation on "What is Capitalism?" ( published in 1931). After completing his Ph.D. in 1930 Hermens continued his studies of economic theory at the Universities of Paris and Kiel. In 1934 Hermens, an active member of a Catholic students' fraternity, left Nazi Germany to

neg: Consolidated city-county 1998 from the amalgamation of the central government and the six constituent municipalities of the Metropolitan Municipality of Toronto (a type of regional municipality) which was originally created in 1954. In Germany, Berlin and Hamburg are both cities and states (the state of Bremen consists of the cities of Bremen and Bremerhaven). Nearly every larger city in Germany is a consolidated city-county, like Frankfurt, Stuttgart, Munich or Dresden; Austria, where the capital of Vienna is both a city and state; France, where the capital city of Paris has been coterminous with the "département" of Paris since 1968; and South Korea,

neg: Thomas Ammer Thomas Ammer Thomas Ammer (born 19 July 1937 in Eisenberg) is a German historian who as a young man studied to become a physician. Anti-government political activism in East Germany led to his arrest and imprisonment in 1958, and he never qualified as a medical doctor. His 15-year prison sentence was cut short in August 1964 when his release by the West German government, and at the age of 27 he relocated to the German Federal Republic. Thomas Ammer was born in a small town in Thuringia in what was then central southern Germany. His parents owned a craft-based business

neg: Frank-Walter Steinmeier Leader of the Social Democratic Party Martin Schulz has ruled out another Grand Coalition on multiple occasions. Steinmeier now has an important role to play in the formation of the next government. This is because if the Bundestag fails to elect a Chancellor in two rounds of voting the President can either appoint the individual with most votes to lead a minority government (most likely Merkel) or dissolve the Bundestag and call new elections. This type of political crisis has never been seen in Germany before and is pushing the President into a very powerful position which is rare for

neg: Otmar Seul On January 24, 1973, Otmar Seul, vice president of the Residents' Committee of the "Maison de l’Allemagne", delivered, with thirty residents, an open letter addressed to the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany at the German Embassy in Paris. On the occasion of Chancellor Willy Brandt’s visit to France, the German students and researchers criticized the Nobel Peace Prize holder and former anti-Nazi resistance fighter’s silence about the bombing of cities in North Vietnam: “We feel appalled and ashamed that the German government has so little memories of what happened and so little reaction towards what is happening in

neg: Representation of the European Commission in Germany and events for the public and experts. Head of the department is Bernhard Schnittger. The department for communication informs the citizens about what is happening and why on the European level. For that it cooperates closely with partners from the civil society, federal and regional government. Head of the department is Helene Banner since November 2014. The press department informs the journalists in Germany about the policies of the Commission, answers questions and issues statements. Tools are a daily Email newsletter with important messages for Germany from the Commission, a weekly schedule preview and a two-weekly brochure. The press department

neg: Tanzania Naval Command base in Dar es Salaam by January 2016. Tanzania Naval Command The Tanzania Naval Command is the naval branch of the Tanzanian Armed Forces. It was established in 1971 with assistance from China. In the years immediately following independence, Tanzania did not have a navy. Coastal patrols were performed by the Police Marine Unit, using four Type 368 craft lent by the West-German government. Cooperation ended abruptly following the recognition of East Germany by the Tanzanian government in February 1965. Four Shanghai-class boats were given to the Police by the Government of the People's Republic of China to replace the

neg: British and French declaration of war on Germany war and imposed various punitive measures upon Germany, including military restriction, loss of territory and colonies, war debt, and effective acceptance of blame for the initiation of hostilities in World War I. At the time of the armistice, an attempted Communist revolution transpired (October 1918-August 1919), resulting in the abdication of the Emperor of Germany in November 1918, and what became known as the Weimar Republic was subsequently established in the wake of the uprising. The transition from monarchy to republic was difficult, and many in the new government were not supportive of the democratic system of government. The officer

neg: Tanzania Naval Command Tanzania Naval Command The Tanzania Naval Command is the naval branch of the Tanzanian Armed Forces. It was established in 1971 with assistance from China. In the years immediately following independence, Tanzania did not have a navy. Coastal patrols were performed by the Police Marine Unit, using four Type 368 craft lent by the West-German government. Cooperation ended abruptly following the recognition of East Germany by the Tanzanian government in February 1965. Four Shanghai-class boats were given to the Police by the Government of the People's Republic of China to replace the West-German vessels. These were to later form the

neg: Referendums in Germany to push the state government to pass a law on a facultative binding state referendum ("Volksentscheid") in 2007. Following World War II the right to petition to the government was installed with high barriers. Any popular initiative had to filed with the authorities and the signatories have to identify before their signature is accepted. This is called "Amtseintragung" (literally "administrative inscription") in most legal areas. The other type is commonly referred to as "Freie Sammlung" (literally "free collection") where letters may be accumulated before being handed over. Naturally some of the latter signatures are found to be illegal which can

neg: Scorpène-class submarine announced that it intended to procure its new submarines from the German manufacturer, ThyssenKrupp. Norway and Germany will buy submarines together to mutualize expenses. In practice the tender was cancelled and exclusive government to government negotiations were initiated. On 1 March 2011, the Naval Shipyard Gdynia of Poland and DCNS offered a license to build a yet undisclosed number of modified Scorpène-class boats. The Scorpène design is competing with that of the German Type 214 submarine. In 2003, the Spanish government ordered four Scorpène AIP submarines worth €1,756 million. However, the Spanish navy canceled the order, and ordered four submarines,

neg: Issues relating to biofuels shocks. The counter-argument includes considerations of the type of corn that is utilized in biofuels, often field corn not suitable for human consumption; the portion of the corn that is used in ethanol, the starch portion; and the negative effect higher prices for corn and grains have on government welfare for these products. The "food vs. fuel" or "food or fuel" debate is internationally controversial, with disagreement about how significant this is, what is causing it, what the effect is, and what can or should be done about it. Researchers at the Overseas Development Institute have argued that biofuels could

neg: Gustav Heckmann Redhill a little to the south of Bristol in England. Meanwhile, September 1939 saw the anticipated return of war between Britain and Germany. For some time it remained unclear what this would involve on the "home front": one government response had a particular impact on people who had fled from Germany to Britain in order to escape government persecution because of their race or political beliefs. Invoking Regulation 18B of the Defence (General) Regulations 1939, the government identified several thousand German refugees as enemy aliens and placed them in internment camps. Heckmann and Specht were arrested on 3 and 5

neg: AMES Type 80 layout, but used the new Type 84 and Type 85 radars which had even longer effective range and were much more resistant to jamming. The network would be linked together using new computer systems to allow all of the interceptions to be handled from two Master Control Centers, with the MRSs now reduced to backup. However, within the government, this system was facing yet another threat that appeared to render the system useless. In this case, it was the introduction of the intermediate range ballistic missile (IRBM). IRBMs based in East Germany would hit the UK in about 15 minutes,

neg: Didymus Mutasa what they are owed as long as that property is outside Europe, including foreign aid from the World Bank. The government also seized the farms of 50 Europeans, citizens of Switzerland, Germany, and Denmark who will soon be heard by the tribunal. The European Union sanctioned top-members of Zimbabwe's government with a visa ban in protest of the government's abuses, but lifted the sanction so Mutasa could defend the government at the tribunal. On 12 June 2007, Mutasa announced the government planned to deport all whites, saying, "The position is that food shortages or no food shortages, we are going

neg: 2011 German Census 2, information on education and professional activity is added. The statistics on the dwellings include, among other things, the type of accommodation / dwelling, the inhabitants, the usable area and the year of construction as well as the derived theme of the housing density. In Germany the Census 2011 was carried out in a register-based procedure. With a cabinet decision of 29 August 2006, the then federal government of the CDU / CSU and the SPD decided that Germany would participate in the EU-wide Census 2011 with a register-based procedure On December 12, 2007 the Census Preparation Act 2011 was

neg: Michel Ngue-Awane is when citizens can easily have the means to buy or access experiences they desire. For example, with money, they can buy the experiences of good food, good holiday, good hospital treatment, decent accommodation etc. These experiences do not necessarily require an elected government or regular change in governments to be expressed. In fact some changes in government can hinder these experiences and limit people’s possibilities to thrive. What people really want is the type of governments that encourage creativity, investment, freedom of undertakings, freedom of entrepreneurship, and freedom of ambitions, whether it is an elected government or not. Africans

neg: U.S. Government peer review policies U.S. Government peer review policies Most federal regulatory agencies in the United States government must comply with specific peer review requirements before the agencies publicly disseminate certain scientific information. These requirements were published in a Peer Review Bulletin issued by the White House Office of Management and Budget (OMB), which establishes "government-wide standards concerning when peer review is required and, if required, what type of peer review processes are appropriate." OMB's peer review bulletin requires that US federal regulatory agencies submit all "influential scientific information" to peer review before the information is publicly disseminated. The Bulletin defines "scientific information" as:

neg: Bavarian nationalism Tyrolese wishing to join Bavaria. The Bavarian government's actions prompted the German government to respond by proposing the "anschluss" of Austria into Germany. In 1923, Bavarian monarchists under Minister-President Gustav Ritter von Kahr and his Bavarian People's Party attempted to seize control of the Bavarian government and declare Bavaria independent of Germany and restore the Bavarian monarchy. This Bavarian separatist coup attempt was frustrated by the actions of the then-small Nazi Party which preempted the planned coup and itself attempted to take over the Bavarian government in what became known as the Beerhall Putsch. Bavarian nationalists and the Nazi Party

neg: Junkers K 47 the wings. The design was originally undertaken by Karl Plauth, but completed after his death by Hermann Pohlmann. The aircraft had to be built at first in Sweden, because it was patently a military-type aircraft and therefore banned in Germany according to the terms of the Versailles Treaty. By the time the K 47 prototype was complete, Turkey had already lost interest in the type, but with the Soviet Union indicating interest, work continued. Eventually, however, the Soviet government only purchased two or three examples, and the only operational use of the type was China, which bought ten or twelve

neg: U-boat German government realized the potential for the submarine as an export. Three of the improved Type 206 boats were later sold to the Israeli Navy, becoming the "Gal"-class. The German Type 209 diesel-electric submarine was the most popular export-sales submarine in the world from the late 1960s into the first years of the 21st century. With a larger 1,000–1,500 tonne displacement, the class was very customizable and has seen service with 14 navies with 51 examples being built as of 2006. Germany has brought the U-boat name into the 21st century with the new Type 212. The 212 features an

neg: Andreas Hillgruber British policy to seek the destruction of Germany since 1907 starting with Sir Eyre Crowe's memo on Germany entitled "Memorandum on the Present State of British Relations with France and Germany". Hillgruber claimed that irrational anti-German prejudices said to be rampant within the British elite drove British policy, and that what happened to Germany in 1945 was merely the culmination of a long-term British policy to destroy Germany as a nation, which every British government had pursued since 1907. According to Hillgruber: "Anti-Prussianism was the basis of the British war policy against Germany". Hillgruber accused the British of holding to

neg: Central Powers Russia, declared a state of general mobilization. In August 1914, Germany waged war on Russia, the German government justified military action against Russia as necessary because of Russian aggression as demonstrated by the mobilization of the Russian army that had resulted in Germany mobilizing in response. After Germany declared war on Russia, France with its alliance with Russia prepared a general mobilization in expectation of war. On 3 August 1914, Germany responded to this action by declaring war on France. Germany, facing a two-front war, enacted what was known as the Schlieffen Plan, that involved German armed forces needing to

neg: Dolphin-class submarine Israeli S-class submarines. In 2006 Israel signed a contract with ThyssenKrupp to purchase two additional submarines from its HDW subsidiary. The two new boats are an upgraded version displacing 28% heavier than the older "Dolphins", featuring an air-independent propulsion system, similar to the one used on German Type 212 submarines. On 6 July 2006, the Government of Germany decided to finance an advance to start the construction, about €170 million, planned for delivery in 2012. The two submarines cost, overall, around €1.3 billion, of up to one-third was subsidized by Germany. In 2010, both Israel and Germany denied having talks

neg: Names of Germany it is the government and in Germany and Austria the house of regional representatives. In the 19th century before 1871, Germans, for example in the Frankfurt Parliament of 1848–49, argued about what should become of Austria. Including Austria (at least the German-speaking parts) in a future German state was referred to as the "Greater German Solution"; while a German state without Austria was the "Smaller German Solution". In 1919 the Weimar Constitution postulated the inclusion of "Deutsch-Österreich" (the German-speaking parts of Austria), but the Western Allies objected to this. It was realised only in 1938 when Germany annexed Austria "(Anschluss)".

neg: Regierungsbezirk Regierungsbezirk A Regierungsbezirk (, often abbreviated to Reg.-Bez.) is a type of administrative division in Germany. "Regierungsbezirke" serve as regional mid-level local government units in four of the Germany's sixteen federal states: Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, Hesse, and North Rhine-Westphalia. Each of the nineteen "Regierungsbezirke" features a non-legislative governing body called a "Regierungspräsidium" or "Bezirksregierung" (district government) headed by a "Regierungspräsident" (district president), concerned mostly with administrative decisions on a local level for districts within its jurisdiction. "" is a German term variously translated into English as "governmental district", "administrative district" or "province", with the first two being the closest literal translations.

neg: Regierungsbezirk from 5,255,000 (Düsseldorf) to 1,065,000 (Gießen): Regierungsbezirk A Regierungsbezirk (, often abbreviated to Reg.-Bez.) is a type of administrative division in Germany. "Regierungsbezirke" serve as regional mid-level local government units in four of the Germany's sixteen federal states: Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, Hesse, and North Rhine-Westphalia. Each of the nineteen "Regierungsbezirke" features a non-legislative governing body called a "Regierungspräsidium" or "Bezirksregierung" (district government) headed by a "Regierungspräsident" (district president), concerned mostly with administrative decisions on a local level for districts within its jurisdiction. "" is a German term variously translated into English as "governmental district", "administrative district" or "province", with the first

neg: Demographics of Germany reason for this is that the areas of Germany which formerly had a native Polish minority were annexed to Poland and the Soviet Union, while almost all of the native German populations (formerly the ethnic majority) in these areas subsequently fled or were expelled by force. With the mixed German-Polish territories now lost, the German government subsequently regarded ethnic Poles residing in what remained of Germany as immigrants, just like any other ethnic population with a recent history of arrival. In contrast, Germans living in Poland are recognized as national minority and have granted seats in Polish Parliament. It must

neg: Intersex rights in Germany Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women in February 2017, the German government said that a compensation fund for victims of intersex genital mutilation is under discussion. In Germany in 2011, Christiane Völling won what may be the first successful case against non-consensual "normalizing" medical treatment. The surgeon was ordered to pay €100,000 in damages after a legal battle that began in 2007, thirty years after the removal of her reproductive organs. In 2015, Michaela Raab sued doctors in Nuremberg, Germany who failed to properly advise her. Doctors stated that they "were only acting according to the norms

neg: History of the Armée de l'Air (1909–1942) of what had happened to Germany after World War I, the French government, now with its seat moved to Vichy, was forced by the Germans to accept its terms for a reduced army and navy, both of which would be only strong enough to maintain order in France and in its colonies. (It is of interest to note that France was allowed to keep her colonies, whereas Germany had been forced to cede all of hers under the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, signed in June 1919.) Germany ordered that, with regard to the warplanes that had survived the

neg: Frank Pick Although he privately admitted later that the sculptures were not to his taste, Pick publicly supported Holden's selection of Epstein as sculptor and offered to resign over the matter. The crisis was averted when Epstein was persuaded to reduce the length of the penis of one of the figures and the sculptures remained in place. Pick wanted a new type of building for the more open sites of the stations on the Piccadilly line's extensions. To decide what this new type should look like, he and Holden made a short tour of Germany, Denmark, Sweden and the Netherlands in July

neg: Joachim von Ribbentrop of the sanctimonious attitude which seeks to take upon our shoulders the blame for every crime committed in Europe. If Germany had been left stronger in 1919 she would sooner have been in a position to do what she is doing today. Moreover, the British government had genuinely believed in the German claim that it was only the Sudetenland that concerned them, and that Germany was not seeking to dominate Europe. By occupying the Czech parts of Czecho-Slovakia, Germany lost all credibility with its claim to be only righting the alleged wrongs of Versailles. Shortly afterwards, false reports spread in

neg: Russo-Japanese War circumstances the Japanese government cannot but regard with grave concern the situation for which the delays in negotiations are largely responsible". Errors by Nicholas II in managing the Russian government also led to his misinterpreting the type of situation in which Russia was to become involved with Japan. Some scholars have suggested that Tsar Nicholas II dragged Japan into war intentionally, in hopes of reviving Russian nationalism. This notion is disputed by a comment made by Nicholas to Kaiser Wilhelm of Germany, saying there would be no war because he "did not wish it". This does not reject the claim

neg: History of the Jews in the Republic of Macedonia Belev to deport 20,000 Jews (12,000 from Macedonia and Thrace and 8,000 from Bulgaria proper). This is the only agreement that a country ever signed with Nazi Germany for deportation of Jews. Bulgaria had to pay all transportation costs and promise never to claim those Jews as citizens! . Bulgarian authorities were asked to report to the Germans the actual deportation costs . However, as discovered in the German Archives recently, the Bulgarian Government specifically discussed with Nazi Germany what it would cost to deport the Jews of Bulgarian-occupied Macedonia and Thrace. Documents show that Nazi Germany paid to the

neg: Bombing of Dublin in World War II the war, what became West Germany accepted responsibility for the raid, and by 1958 it had paid compensation of £327,000 using Marshall Aid money. Over 2,000 claims for compensation were processed by the Irish government, eventually costing £344,000. East Germany and Austria, which were both part of Nazi Germany in 1941, made no contribution. The amounts were fixed after the 1953 Agreement on German External Debts, allowing maximum compensation. Several reasons for the raid have been asserted over time. German Radio, operated by the Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda, broadcast that "it is impossible that the Germans bombed Dublin

neg: Windfall gain Windfall gain A windfall gain or windfall profit is any type of unusually high or abundant income that is sudden and/or unexpected. Examples of windfall gains include, but are not limited to: What people do with windfall gains is subject to much debate. While they differ from one account to the next, most economists hypothesize that the majority of the gains are saved, due to the Permanent Income Hypothesis. Windfall profits are a type of windfall gain. They can occur due to unforeseen circumstances in a product's market, such as unexpected demand or government regulation. Since the profits were unforeseen,

neg: Koksan (artillery) Koksan (artillery) The M-1978 (Koksan) is a 170 mm self-propelled gun of North Korean design and manufacture. Very little information is available due to the secretive nature of the North Korean government. The designations "M-1978" and "Koksan" were given to the type by American military analysts, as they first became aware of it in that year in Koksan, North Korea. What is known is that it is a 170 mm (~6.69") self-propelled gun of the open turret type. It was first seen publicly during a military parade in 1985. At least one example has been acquired by the United States.

neg: Terukuni Maru (1929) to have been a German mine because the type of mine used is one that had been developed by the Germans and because the United Kingdom would not have placed mines in its own shipping lanes. Although Japan was increasingly allied towards Germany, the Japanese government protested the loss with the Nazi German government, but the ship owner was not compensated for the loss. The wrecked ship lay partly submerged on its side at depth, visible to wartime shipping. The wreckage was examined for salvage potential, but salvage work was not undertaken. In 1946 the ship was demolished with explosives

neg: Security, Territory, Population 1500 years. And what was produced or outcome of all this turbulence was constant battles of supremacy for this type of pastoral power, government over men and their souls. The Church rapidly colonized this type of new power between 11th and 18th century, and according to Foucault, the church laid claim to the daily government of men in their real lives on the grounds of their salvation and no example of this exist anywhere in history of societies. Furthermore, Foucault research goes on to show that all the religious struggles from this period were fundamentally struggles over who would actually

neg: Scientology in Germany Scientology, saying, "We have criticized the Germans on this, but we aren't going to support the Scientologists' terror tactics against the German government." Chancellor Kohl, commenting on the letter, said that those who signed it "don't know a thing about Germany and don't want to know." German officials argued that "the whole fuss was cranked up by the Scientologists to achieve what we won't give them: tax-exempt status as a religion. This is intimidation, pure and simple." Officials explained that precisely because of Germany's Nazi past, Germany took a determined stance against all "radical cults and sects, including right-wing Nazi

neg: Planetarium projector Way. Still others add coordinate lines and constellations, photographic slides, laser displays, and other images. The OMNIMAX movie system (now known as IMAX Dome) was originally designed to operate on planetarium screens. Companies that make (or have made) planetarium projectors include Carl Zeiss Jena (Germany), Spitz (US), Goto and Minolta (Japan), Evans & Sutherland (US), Emerald planetariums (Israel) and Ohira Tech (Japan). A good example of a "typical" planetarium projector of the 1960s was the Universal Projection Planetarium type 23/6, made by VEB Carl Zeiss Jena in what was then East Germany. The planetarium projector was a -long dumbbell-shaped object,

neg: Germany the Nazi regime were tried for war crimes at the Nuremberg trials. In what later became known as The Holocaust, the German government persecuted minorities and used a network of concentration and death camps across Europe to conduct a genocide of what they considered to be inferior peoples. In total, over 10 million civilians were systematically murdered, including 6 million Jews, between 220,000 and 1,500,000 Romani, 275,000 persons with disabilities, thousands of Jehovah's Witnesses, thousands of homosexuals, and hundreds of thousands of members of the political and religious opposition from Germany, and occupied countries (Nacht und Nebel). Nazi policies in

neg: Volkswagen 181 Volkswagen 181 The Volkswagen Type 181 is a two-wheel drive, four-door, convertible, manufactured and marketed by Volkswagen from 1968 to 1983. Originally developed for the West German Army, the Type 181 was also sold to the public, as the Kurierwagen (“courier car”) in West Germany, the Trekker (RHD Type 182) in the United Kingdom, the Thing in the United States (1973–74), the Safari in Mexico and South America, and Pescaccia in Italy. Civilian sales ended after model year 1980. Manufactured in Wolfsburg, West Germany (1968–74), Hannover, West Germany (1974–83), Puebla, Mexico (1970–80), and Jakarta, Indonesia (1973–80), the Type 181 shared

neg: Human variability 1/3 of the true genetic variation is not expressed by this technique. Structural variation, which can include insertions, deletions, duplications, and mutations in DNA. Within the human population, about 13% of the human genome is defined as structurally variant. Phenotypic variation, which accounts for both genetic and epigenetic factors that affect what characteristics are shown. For applications such as organ donations and matching, phenotypic variation of blood type, tissue type, and organ size are considered. Measurement of human variation may also be initiated by governmental parties. A government may conduct a census, the systematic recording of an entire population of

neg: Andreas Hillgruber him as a German chauvinist, racist and imperialist, and accused him of glorifying the Drang nach Osten concept. However, Hillgruber was prepared to accept, albeit grudgingly, what he often called Germany's "Yalta frontiers" after the Yalta Conference of 1945. What he was not prepared to accept was the partition of Germany. He often complained that the West German government was not doing enough to re-unite Germany. In a 1981 speech, he called on Bonn to create a new German nationalism based on respect for human rights that would ensure that future generations would not lose sight of the dream of

neg: Lunostoma Otherwise it is similar to "Saffordotaxis". Lunostoma Lunostoma is an extinct genus of bryozoans which existed during the middle Devonian of what is now Germany, precisely from the Gerolstein syncline. It was described by Andrej Ernst, Paul D. Taylor, Jan Bohatý and Patrick N. Wyse Jackson in 2012, and the type species is "L. pulchra". "Lunostoma" was a small animal, branches being about 1.3 mm wide. It is unique among Rhabdomesina bryozoans in featuring "scutes", crescent-shaped structures on the proximal side of apertures. The function of these structures, which resemble the lunaria of cystoporate bryozoans, is unclear, and it is

neg: Lunostoma Lunostoma Lunostoma is an extinct genus of bryozoans which existed during the middle Devonian of what is now Germany, precisely from the Gerolstein syncline. It was described by Andrej Ernst, Paul D. Taylor, Jan Bohatý and Patrick N. Wyse Jackson in 2012, and the type species is "L. pulchra". "Lunostoma" was a small animal, branches being about 1.3 mm wide. It is unique among Rhabdomesina bryozoans in featuring "scutes", crescent-shaped structures on the proximal side of apertures. The function of these structures, which resemble the lunaria of cystoporate bryozoans, is unclear, and it is possibly an example of convergent evolution.

neg: Security, Territory, Population of self and others occurred. Foucault tries to trace the 'government of things' in relation to modern society, starting with Niccolò Machiavelli "The Prince" and its reception The anti-Machiavellian literature wanted to replace the ability of the prince to hold on to his principality with something entirely new: an art of government. Foucault then notices that this art of government was internal to society itself, not external, this type of self-government was practiced rit throughout European society; such as Italy, Germany, France, etc. which was seized upon by the modern nation state from which it took up as its central

neg: Cheliderpeton is an eryopoid (and perhaps more specifically an eryopid) or an archegosauroid. "Cheliderpeton" had previously been placed in the family Actinodontidae along with "Actinodon", "Syndyodosuchus" and "Sclerocephalus", but because "Actinodon", the type genus of the family, is a junior synonym of the eryopid "Onchiodon", the family is now considered polyphyletic. Cheliderpeton Cheliderpeton (often misspelled Chelyderpeton) is an extinct genus of temnospondyl amphibian. It lived during the Early Permian in what is now Europe and Germany. Fossils have been found from the Ruprechtice horizon of the Intrasudetic Basin of Bohemia in the Czech Republic, as well as the Saar-Nahe Basin of

neg: Blezingeria Giorgio, Switzerland, so if "Blezingeria" is a thalattosaur, it may represent an early stage in an evolutionary radiation of the group across the Tethys, an ocean that covered much of what is now Europe and southern China during the Triassic. However, since "Blezingeria" is known from very incomplete material, its classification as a thalattosaur remains uncertain. Blezingeria Blezingeria is an extinct genus of marine reptile from the Middle Triassic of Germany. The type and only species Blezingeria ichthyospondyla was named by German paleontologist Eberhard Fraas in 1896. It is known from many isolated bones that come from a deposit in

neg: Geography of toll roads century. In some European countries payment of road tolls is made using stickers which are affixed to the windscreen. Germany uses a system based on satellite technology for large vehicles. In other countries payment may be made in cash, by credit card, by pre-paid card or by an electronic toll collection system. Tolls may vary according to the distance travelled, the building and maintenance costs of the motorway and the type of vehicle. Some of these toll roads are privately owned and operated. Others are owned by the government. Some of the government-owned toll roads are privately operated. Major highways

neg: Pterospondylus Pterospondylus Pterospondylus (meaning "winged vertebra") is a dubious genus of theropod dinosaur from the Late Triassic. It was a coelophysoid theropod which lived in what is now Germany (Trossingen Formation). The type species, "Pterospondylus trielbae", was described by Jaekel in 1913-14 for a single back vertebra. Sometimes, it is aligned with "Procompsognathus", or even considered to be synonymous with it, despite being based on a vertebra that is twice the size of the corresponding bone in "Procompsognathus". The specific name "trielbae" is derived from "Tri", in reference to the Triassic period, and "Elba", which points to the Elbe River area.