query: when did mass go from latin to english

pos: Latin Mass with the consent of the Holy See, what other parts, if any, of the Mass were to be celebrated in the vernacular. Permissions were thus granted from 1967 onwards to celebrate most of the Tridentine Mass in vernacular languages, including the Canon. Neither the Second Vatican Council nor the subsequent revision of the Roman Missal abolished Latin as the liturgical language of the Roman Rite: the official text of the Roman Missal, on which translations into vernacular languages are to be based, continues to be in Latin, and Latin can still be used in the celebration. The term "Latin Mass"

pos: Jason Crest Jason Crest Jason Crest (formerly The Good Thing Brigade) were an English, Tonbridge, Kent based psychedelic pop group, active from around 1967 to 1969. Despite releasing five singles on Philips from 1967 to 1968, (including a cover of The Move's "(Here We Go Round) The Lemon Tree"), the band were never commercially successful and disbanded towards the end of the 1960s when their contract with Philips expired. However, the singles "Black Mass", "Turquoise Tandem Cycle", "(Here We Go Round) The Lemon Tree" and "Place in the Sun" have all appeared on the "Rubble" collection of British psychedelia and freakbeat, and

pos: Roman Missal Prayer) of the Mass. In 1965 and 1967 some changes were officially introduced into the Mass of the Roman Rite in the wake of "Sacrosanctum Concilium", but no new edition of the Roman Missal had been produced to incorporate them. They were reflected in the provisional vernacular translations produced in various countries when the language of the people began to be used in addition to Latin. References sometimes met in an English-language context to "the 1965 Missal" concern these temporary vernacular productions, not the Roman Missal itself. Even countries that had the same language used different translations and varied in

neg: Christian liturgy a Supplement to the "Book of Common Worship". The Roman Catholic "Mass" is the service in which the Eucharist is celebrated. In Latin, the corresponding word is "Missa", taken from the dismissal at the end of the liturgy - "Ite, Missa est", literally "Go, it is the dismissal", translated idiomatically in the current English Roman Missal as "Go forth, the Mass is ended." Eastern Orthodox churches call this service the "Divine Liturgy". Oriental Orthodox call their Liturgy the Holy Qurbana - Holy Offering. Anglicans often use the Roman Catholic term "mass", or simply "Holy Eucharist". Mass is the common term

neg: In paradisum of Angels Lead You On Your Way", accompanied by "Unde et Memores". Either of these, or the traditional Latin version, are sung at contemporary Catholic funeral masses. In Paradisum served as the inspiration for popular Gospel-turned-jazz piece "When the Saints Go Marching In", which share the same first four notes, similar textual meaning, and use during the funeral procession of the body from the church to the cemetery. In paradisum In paradisum (English: "Into paradise") is an antiphon from the traditional Latin liturgy of the Western Church Requiem Mass. It is sung by the choir as the body is being

neg: Mass (liturgy) from Middle Latin "missa". The Latin word was adopted in Old English as "mæsse" (via a Vulgar Latin form "*messa"), and was sometimes glossed as "sendnes" (i.e. "a sending, dismission"). The Latin term "missa" itself was in use by the 6th century. It is most likely derived from the concluding formula "Ite, missa est" ("Go; the dismissal is made"); "missa" here is a Late Latin substantive corresponding to classical "missio". Historically, however, there have been other explanations of the noun "missa", i.e. as not derived from the formula "ite, missa est". Fortescue (1910) cites older, "fanciful" etymological explanations, notably a

neg: Mass of Paul VI Latin original. In spite of push-back by some in the Church, Rome prevailed and nine years later a new English translation, closer to that of the Latin and consequently approved by the Holy See, was adopted by English-speaking episcopal conferences. The text of this revised English translation of the Order of Mass is available, and a comparison between it and that then in use in the United States is given under the heading "Changes in the People's Parts". Most episcopal conferences set the first Sunday in Advent (27 November) 2011 as the date when the new translation would come into

neg: Mass in the Catholic Church which uses the liturgy of the Missal issued by Pope John XXIII in 1962, and the Ordinary Form, which uses the Missal revised by Pope Paul VI in 1969. The term "Mass" is derived from the concluding words of the Roman Rite Mass in Latin: ""Ite, missa est"" ("Go; it is the dismissal"). The Late Latin word "missa" substantively corresponds to the classical Latin word "missio". In antiquity, "missa" simply meant "dismissal". In Christian usage, however, it gradually took on a deeper meaning. The word "dismissal" has come to imply a mission. The Roman Rite Mass is the predominant form

neg: Black Mass the original French). Thus, the Black Mass found in "The Satanic Rituals" is a combination of English, French, and Latin. Further, in keeping with the traditional description of the Black Mass, all three also require a consecrated Host taken from a Catholic church, as a central part of the ceremony. A writer using the pseudonym "Aubrey Melech" published, in 1986, a Black Mass entirely in Latin, entitled "Missa Niger". (This Black Mass is available on the Internet). Aubrey Melech's Black Mass contains almost exactly the same original Latin phrases as the Black Mass published by LaVey in "The Satanic Rituals".

neg: Velipadinte Pusthakam befriend Franklin instead. One day, Michael meets Franklin's father Varkey (Prasad Mohammah), who is drunk and invites Michael to his house. He meets Franklin's family. Later, the physics teacher Anumol (Sneha Sreekumar), who is Mary's friend, decides to propose to Michael on her behalf. When they go to meet Michael, he tells them to meet after the morning Mass at the local Latin church. They discover Michael is a priest and wonder why he still did not marry. Anumol and Mary cancel their planned proposal; instead Anumol asks Michael if he knows anyone willing to marry Mary, to which Michael

neg: Traditional English pronunciation of Latin don't agree with the new pronunciation. I never did. Umph—a lot of nonsense, in my opinion. Making boys say 'Kickero' at school when— umph—for the rest of their lives they'll say 'Cicero'—if they ever—umph—say it at all. And instead of 'vicissim'— God bless my soul—you'd make them say, 'We kiss 'im'! Umph— umph!" Traditional English pronunciation of Latin The traditional English pronunciation of Latin, and Classical Greek words borrowed through Latin, is the way the Latin language was traditionally pronounced by speakers of English until the early 20th century. In the Middle Ages speakers of English, from Middle English onward,

neg: Metaphony (Romance languages) removed early by analogy.) Examples: In some of the Astur-Leonese dialects, in northern Spain, a distinction between mass and count nouns appeared at an early stage. Count nouns from Latin masculines preserved the -u (<um) from Latin accusative, while mass nouns from Latin masculines were marked by an (-o), this is traditionally referred to as ″mass-neuter″. In addition, Astur-Leonese marked masculine plurals with (< -ōs). In this situation, only masculine singular count nouns developed metaphony, as they were the ones marked with a , and mass nouns and plurals, marked with , did not. This ending system has been preserved

neg: Church of the Assumption (Penang) and also during festivities like Easter and Christmas. The church also has a choir, accompanying the organ, singing in both Latin and English. Every year, on 15 August, the feast day of this church, the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary is celebrated. Saturday Mass Novena: 6:00pm English Sunset Mass: 6:30pm English Sunday Mass 10:00am English Church of the Assumption (Penang) The Church of the Assumption was founded in 1786, when Captain Francis Light first came to Penang, Malaysia. It is located in Farquhar Street, George Town, within the heritage core zone of the city. The church is the third

neg: Irrealis mood to tell someone to do something without argument. Many languages, including English, use the bare verb stem to form the imperative (such as "go", "run", "do"). Other languages, such as Seri and Latin, however, use special imperative forms. In English, second person is implied by the imperative except when first-person plural is specified, as in "Let's go" ("Let us go"). The prohibitive mood, the negative imperative may be grammatically or morphologically different from the imperative mood in some languages. It indicates that the action of the verb is not permitted, e.g., "Do not go!" (archaically, "Go not!"). In Portuguese and

neg: Church of St Thomas of Canterbury and the English Martyrs, Preston with the parish and attends regular Masses in the church. Since the creation of the new parish of St John XXXIII, Latin Low Mass is held in the church everyday at midday, with rosary and devotions to the English Martyrs every Friday after Mass. Every Saturday at 10:00am there is eucharistic adoration with confessions followed by Low Mass. Every Sunday there is a Latin Low Mass is at 09:00am followed by refreshments and socialising. Church of St Thomas of Canterbury and the English Martyrs, Preston English Martyrs Church or its full name The Church of St Thomas of Canterbury and

neg: Latin word order non-permanent state (such as "hot") will go further from the noun than an adjective of type or material which expresses an inherent property of the object. In Latin, when adjectives precede, they generally have the same order as in English: When the adjectives follow, the opposite order is usually used: There are some apparent exceptions, however, such as the following, in which the adjective "sumptuosam" "luxurious" is placed next to the noun: The demonstrative "hic" "this" normally goes before a number, as in English. However, the reverse order is also possible: When "hic" follows a noun, it goes close to

neg: If Ye Love Me Prior to the English Reformation, English church music consisted mainly of settings of texts in Latin, such as the Latin Mass. As the Church of England broke away from the Roman Catholic Church, its Latin liturgy was replaced with scripture and prayers in English, notably with the publication of the Great Bible in English in 1539. These changes were reflected in church music, and during the reign of King Edward VI, church composers who had previously written vocal music in Latin were required to use English texts and to write in a simple style, "to each syllable a plain and

neg: Grammatical mood languages, including English, use the bare verb stem to form the imperative (such as "go", "run", "do"). Other languages, such as Seri and Latin, however, use special imperative forms. In English, the second person is implied by the imperative except when first-person plural is specified, as in "Let's go" ("Let us go"). In Romance languages a first person plural exists in the imperative mood: Spanish: "Vayamos a la playa"; French: "Allons à la plage" (both meaning: Let us go to the beach). The prohibitive mood, the negative imperative may be grammatically or morphologically different from the imperative mood in some

neg: Patrick Henry Omlor called "The Robber Church". Omlor questioned the validity of the form of consecration in the Mass of Paul VI. His argument centred on the replacement of the Latin "Pro multis" ("for many") with the English "for all" in the rite of consecration, arguing that a deviation from the earlier wording resulted in the new Mass not constituting a proper sacrifice. Omlor disputed the claim of German biblical scholar Joachim Jeremias that Aramaic did not have a word for "all" and so Jesus Christ used the word "many" with the meaning "all". His rejection of the Second Vatican Council and the

neg: Annus Mirabilis papers Annus Mirabilis papers The "Annus mirabilis" papers (from Latin "annus mīrābilis", "extraordinary year") are the papers of Albert Einstein published in the "Annalen der Physik" scientific journal in 1905. These four articles contributed substantially to the foundation of modern physics and changed views on space, time, mass, and energy. The "annus mirabilis" is often called the "miracle year" in English or "Wunderjahr" in German. At the time the papers were written, Einstein did not have easy access to a complete set of scientific reference materials, although he did regularly read and contribute reviews to "Annalen der Physik". Additionally, scientific colleagues

neg: Translation believed to be the first person to posit that English sentences should not end in prepositions because Latin sentences cannot end in prepositions. Dryden created the proscription against "preposition stranding" in 1672 when he objected to Ben Jonson's 1611 phrase, "the bodies that those souls were frighted from", though he did not provide the rationale for his preference. Dryden often translated his writing into Latin, to check whether his writing was concise and elegant, Latin being considered an elegant and long-lived language with which to compare; then he back-translated his writing back to English according to Latin-grammar usage. As Latin

neg: John Dryden in prepositions. Dryden created the proscription against preposition stranding in 1672 when he objected to Ben Jonson's 1611 phrase, "the bodies that those souls were frighted from", though he did not provide the rationale for his preference. Dryden often translated his writing into Latin, to check whether his writing was concise and elegant, Latin being considered an elegant and long-lived language with which to compare; then Dryden translated his writing back to English according to Latin-grammar usage. As Latin does not have sentences ending in prepositions, Dryden may have applied Latin grammar to English, thus forming the rule of no

neg: Latin syntax has numerous uses, ranging from what potentially might be true to what the speaker wishes or commands should happen. It is often translated with 'should', 'could', 'would', 'may' and so on, but in certain contexts, for example indirect questions or after the conjunction "cum" 'when' or 'since', it is translated as if it were an ordinary indicative verb. Often in English the subjunctive can be translated by an infinitive; for example, "imperāvit ut īret" (literally, 'he ordered that he should go') becomes in more idiomatic English 'he ordered him to go'. The 'potential' subjunctive is used when the speaker imagines

neg: English plurals the worker as plural distinct manifestations of the mass concept of idleness (or as different types of idleness, "bone lazy" versus "no work to do"). The pair "specie" and "species" both come from a Latin word meaning "kind", but they do not form a singular-plural pair. In Latin, "specie" is the ablative singular form, while "species" is the nominative form, which happens to be the same in both singular and plural. In English, "species" behaves similarly —as a noun with identical singular and plural— while "specie" is treated as a mass noun, referring to money in the form of coins

neg: Latin syntax "ā" with the ablative case: When the agent is not a person but a thing, no preposition is used, but simply the ablative case: In Latin, unlike English, only the direct object (not the indirect object) of an active verb can be made the subject of a passive verb. It is not correct to say in Latin 'the soldiers were being given their pay' but only 'pay was being given to the soldiers': Another unusual feature of Latin, compared with English, is that intransitive verbs such as "eō" 'I go', "veniō" 'I come', "pugnō" 'I fight' and "persuādeō" (+ dative)

neg: Latin Mass is sometimes applied to such celebrations, which in some places are part of the normal Sunday schedule. Historically speaking, "Latin Mass" can be applied also to the various forms of Pre-Tridentine Mass from about the year 190 of Pope Victor, when the Church in Rome changed from Greek to Latin. Latin liturgical rites other than the Roman Rite have used Latin, and in some cases continue to do so. These include the Ambrosian Rite and the Mozarabic Rite. Some priests and communities continue to use non-Roman-Rite liturgies that have been generally abandoned, such as the Carmelite Rite and the Dominican

neg: Ounce mass or volume were used in different jurisdictions by different trades. "Ounce" derives from Latin , a unit that was one-twelfth () of the Roman pound (). "Ounce" was borrowed twice: first into Old English as or from an unattested Vulgar Latin form with "ts" for "c" before "i" (palatalization) and second into Middle English through Anglo-Norman and Middle French (). The abbreviation "oz" came later from the cognate Italian word (now spelled ). "Inch" comes from the same Latin word, but differs because it was borrowed into Old English and underwent i-mutation or umlaut ( → ) and palatalization

neg: Cletus Madsen etc.” He encouraged Gregorian Chant and singing other hymns in both Latin and English. He encouraged the establishment of boy’s choirs, teaching chant to the students in Catholic schools and colleges, teachers and religious. Simple Mass Propers were offered for use in parishes. The idea was to involve the congregation in singing the Mass and full participation in the liturgy. Change, however, did not come about easily. Madsen sent out a questionnaire to 148 pastors in the diocese, based on materials prepared by the National Catholic Music Education Association (NCMEA—now known as the National Association of Pastoral Musicians). Of the

neg: Mass of the Children Mass of the Children Mass of the Children is a major work of English composer John Rutter. It is a non-liturgical Missa brevis, with the traditional Latin and Greek Mass text interwoven with several English poems. "Mass of the Children" consists of five movements: The Finale uses additional text from the Agnus Dei which was not used in the preceding movement, as well as two prayer adaptations by Rutter and a poem by Bishop Thomas Ken ("An Evening Hymn"). Another of Ken's poems was incorporated into the Kyrie ("A Morning Hymn"), and a poem by William Blake ("The Lamb", from

neg: I Could Fall in Love became the first artist to place both a Spanish- and an English-language song in the top ten of the Hot Latin Tracks chart. "I Could Fall in Love" became the fifth best-charting song from that chart in 1995 and remained the highest-charting English-language song for two years, until Celine Dion's 1998 single "My Heart Will Go On" surpassed it when it peaked at number one. On the Regional Mexican Songs chart, the track reached number five for two consecutive weeks from 1 July 1995, and it peaked at number one on the Latin Pop Airplay chart of 19 August 1995

neg: Traditional English pronunciation of Latin Traditional English pronunciation of Latin The traditional English pronunciation of Latin, and Classical Greek words borrowed through Latin, is the way the Latin language was traditionally pronounced by speakers of English until the early 20th century. In the Middle Ages speakers of English, from Middle English onward, pronounced Latin not as the ancient Romans did, but in the way that had developed among speakers of French. This traditional pronunciation then became closely linked to the pronunciation of English, and as the pronunciation of English changed with time, the English pronunciation of Latin changed as well. Until the beginning of the

neg: Oxford Oratory then served as provost from 1993 to 2011. Since 2011, the provost has been Fr Daniel Seward. It is part of the tradition of the Oratory in England to ensure that the liturgy is celebrated in a dignified and worthy manner. Most Masses are celebrated in English, though Mass is also celebrated every Sunday and Holyday in Latin in both the ordinary and the 1962 extraordinary form of the Roman Rite. There is also a said Latin Mass each Wednesday evening. The main focus of the liturgical life of the parish is the Solemn Mass on a Sunday. As is

neg: Preposition stranding placed at the end of a clause or sentence." The proscription against preposition stranding in English was probably first created by the poet John Dryden in 1672 when he objected to Ben Jonson's 1611 phrase "the bodies that those souls were frighted from". Dryden did not explain why he thought the sentence should be restructured to front the preposition. Dryden often modeled his writing on Latin, which he considered concise, elegant, and a long-lived language to compare his writing. As Latin does not have sentences ending in prepositions, Dryden may have applied Latin grammar to English, thus forming the rule

neg: Mass of the Children 2003, at New York's Carnegie Hall. Mass of the Children Mass of the Children is a major work of English composer John Rutter. It is a non-liturgical Missa brevis, with the traditional Latin and Greek Mass text interwoven with several English poems. "Mass of the Children" consists of five movements: The Finale uses additional text from the Agnus Dei which was not used in the preceding movement, as well as two prayer adaptations by Rutter and a poem by Bishop Thomas Ken ("An Evening Hymn"). Another of Ken's poems was incorporated into the Kyrie ("A Morning Hymn"), and a poem

neg: Infinitive Infinitive Infinitive (abbreviated ) is a grammatical term referring to certain verb forms existing in many languages, most often used as non-finite verbs. As with many linguistic concepts, there is not a single definition applicable to all languages. The word is derived from Late Latin "[modus] infinitivus", a derivative of "infinitus" meaning "unlimited". In traditional descriptions of English, the infinitive is the basic dictionary form of a verb when used non-finitely, with or without the particle "to". Thus "to go" is an infinitive, as is "go" in a sentence like "I must go there" (but not in "I go there",

neg: Gram was used in the same sense at around the same time, in the 4th century, and survived in this sense into Medieval Greek, while the Latin term did not remain current in Medieval Latin and was recovered in Renaissance scholarship. The gram was the fundamental unit of mass in the 19th-century centimetre–gram–second system of units (CGS). The CGS system co-existed with the MKS system of units, first proposed in 1901, during much of the 20th century, but the gram has been displaced by the kilogram as the fundamental unit for mass when the MKS system was chosen for the SI

neg: Cambridge University Catholic Chaplaincy Catholic members of the University, from undergraduates to fellows. Approximately 500 people attend the three Sunday Masses (a said English vigil Mass, sung Latin Mass and sung English Mass), with 20–30 people attending daily. During the exam period, Lauds is also celebrated. The finances of the chaplaincy, including building upkeep, are handled by the Cambridge University Catholic Association (CUCA), while the chaplains are appointed by the Oxford and Cambridge Catholic Education Board (OCCEB). Day-to-day running of the chaplaincy is handled by the chaplain and the student-run Fisher Society. Regular events include the annual Fisher Mass (in recent years celebrated at

neg: Ecclesiastical Latin place in the language of the people, priests are always and everywhere permitted to celebrate Mass in Latin. After the Reformation, in the Lutheran Churches, Latin was retained as the language of the Mass for weekdays, although for the Sunday Sabbath, the Deutsche Messe was to be said. In Geneva, among the Reformed Churches, "persons called before the consistory to prove their faith answered by reciting the "Paternoster", the "Ave Maria", and the "Credo" in Latin." In the Anglican Church, the Book of Common Prayer was published in Latin, alongside English. John Wesley, the founder of the Methodist Churches, "used

neg: Fuck uncertain to what extent the word "fuck" was considered acceptable at the time. The stem of "fuccant" is an English word used as Latin: English medieval Latin has many examples of writers using English words when they did not know the Latin word: ""workmannus"" is an example. In the Middle English of this poem, the term "wife" was still used generically for "woman". William Dunbar's 1503 poem "Brash of Wowing" includes the lines: "Yit be his feiris he wald haue fukkit: / Ye brek my hairt, my bony ane" (ll. 13–14). The oldest occurrence of the word in adjectival form

neg: Latin Mass in Latin. Latin Mass A Latin Mass is a Roman Catholic Mass celebrated in Ecclesiastical Latin. The term "Latin Mass" is frequently used to denote the Tridentine Mass, that is, the Roman Rite liturgy of the Mass celebrated in Latin and in accordance with the successive editions of the Roman Missal published between 1570 and 1962. In most countries, the Tridentine Mass was celebrated only in Latin. However, there are exceptions. In early seventeenth century China, Jesuit missionaries secured permission from Pope Paul V to celebrate the Catholic Mass in Chinese, part of an effort to adapt their work to

neg: Old English half-uncial script of the Latin alphabet introduced by Irish Christian missionaries. This was replaced by insular script, a cursive and pointed version of the half-uncial script. This was used until the end of the 12th century when continental Carolingian minuscule (also known as "Caroline") replaced the insular. The Latin alphabet of the time still lacked the letters and , and there was no as distinct from ; moreover native Old English spellings did not use , or . The remaining 20 Latin letters were supplemented by four more: (, modern "ash") and (, now called eth or edh), which were

neg: Tooth decay 19th century, as the Industrial Revolution made certain items, such as refined sugar and flour, readily available. The diet of the “newly industrialized English working class” then became centered on bread, jam, and sweetened tea, greatly increasing both sugar consumption and caries. Naturalized from Latin into English (a loanword), "caries" in its English form originated as a mass noun that means "rottenness", that is, "decay". When used in that sense, it takes singular verb inflections (just like the word "decay" does). Thus "caries" was not traditionally a plural word synonymous with "holes" or "cavities"; that is, it was not the

neg: Ñ that Spanish had developed in that position: "año". The sign was also adopted for the same palatal nasal in all other cases, even when it did not derive from an original "nn", as in "leña" (from Latin "ligna") or "señor" (from Latin "senior"). The palatal nasal sound is roughly reminiscent of the English consonant cluster "canyon" . While this common description is enough to give a rough idea of the sound, it is not precise. It is analogous to giving the pronunciation of the English word "shot" as "syot". Other Romance languages have different spellings for this sound: Italian and

neg: Christmas steadily over the past few centuries in many regions of the world. "Christmas" is a shortened form of "Christ's mass". It is derived from the Middle English "Cristemasse", which is from Old English "Crīstesmæsse", a phrase first recorded in 1038 followed by the word "Cristes-messe" in 1131. "Crīst" (genitive "Crīstes") is from Greek "Khrīstos" (Χριστός), a translation of Hebrew "Māšîaḥ" (מָשִׁיחַ), "Messiah", meaning "anointed"; and "mæsse" is from Latin "missa", the celebration of the Eucharist. The form "Christenmas" was also historically used, but is now considered archaic and dialectal; it derives from Middle English "Cristenmasse", literally "Christian mass". "Xmas" is

neg: Latin Mass Latin Mass A Latin Mass is a Roman Catholic Mass celebrated in Ecclesiastical Latin. The term "Latin Mass" is frequently used to denote the Tridentine Mass, that is, the Roman Rite liturgy of the Mass celebrated in Latin and in accordance with the successive editions of the Roman Missal published between 1570 and 1962. In most countries, the Tridentine Mass was celebrated only in Latin. However, there are exceptions. In early seventeenth century China, Jesuit missionaries secured permission from Pope Paul V to celebrate the Catholic Mass in Chinese, part of an effort to adapt their work to Chinese cultural

neg: Diminished responsibility in English law Diminished responsibility in English law In English law, diminished responsibility is one of the partial defences that reduce the offence from murder to manslaughter if successful (termed "voluntary" manslaughter for these purposes). This allows the judge sentencing discretion, e.g. to impose a hospital order under section 37 of the Mental Health Act 1983 to ensure treatment rather than punishment in appropriate cases. Thus, when the "actus reus" (Latin for "guilty act") of death is accompanied by an objective or constructive version of "mens rea" (Latin for "guilty mind"), the subjective evidence that the defendant did intend to kill or cause

neg: Old English literature Conquest, died as old men. The most widely known secular author of Old English was King Alfred the Great (849–899), who translated several books, many of them religious, from Latin into Old English. Alfred, wanting to restore English culture, lamented the poor state of Latin education: Alfred proposed that students be educated in Old English, and those who excelled should go on to learn Latin. Alfred's cultural program produced the following translations: Gregory the Great's "The Pastoral Care", a manual for priests on how to conduct their duties; "The Consolation of Philosophy" by Boethius; and "The Soliloquies" of Saint Augustine.

neg: Francis Cooke femme" in Leiden after their return from Norwich, taking communion in Leiden's Walloon church on New Year's Day, 1608. In February 1609, members of Pastor John Robinson's English Separatist church came to Leiden. The Cookes did not then become members of the Walloon church, but did join the Leiden congregation sometime later, after their daughter Elizabeth was baptized on December 26, 1611. When the English Separatist church in Leiden decided to go to America in 1620, Cooke decided that from his family only he and his thirteen year–old son John would go over. His wife Hester and younger children would

neg: Languages of the United Kingdom the Catholic Church retains Latin in official and quasi-official contexts. Latin remains the language of the Roman Rite, and the Tridentine Mass is celebrated in Latin. Although the Mass of Paul VI is usually celebrated in English, it can be and often is said in Latin, in part or whole, especially at multilingual gatherings. It is the official language of the Holy See, the primary language of its public journal, the "Acta Apostolicae Sedis", and the working language of the Roman Rota. At one time, Latin and Greek were commonly taught in British schools (and were required for entrance to

neg: L'amour existe encore a special award for her hit "My Heart Will Go On" which was the first English-language song to top "Billboard"'s Hot Latin Tracks. An English version titled "Love Still Exists" was also confirmed by Dion to have been recorded for this album, but in Dion's words it did not sound well phonetically, so they included the Spanish version in the album instead. A critical review of "A New Day Has Come" on "Canoe.ca" stated, "there's even a bit of Spanish frippery called Aun Existe Amor, which one can safely assume is also about love." Chuck Taylor from "Billboard" claimed the

neg: Heilige Lodewijkkerk that the chapel would be rebuilt into a church for the Catholics who used to go to the church at the Nieuwe Rijn. The church was designed by Jan Giudici. Afterwards the church was dedicated to Saint Louis, known as Heilige Lodewijk in Dutch, who was the patron saint of Louis Bonaparte . Since 1957 the church is used by the Parochie Heilige Lodewijk. Every day Mass is celebrated. The church is known for its traditional liturgy in Dutch, English and Latin. Heilige Lodewijkkerk The Heilige Lodewijkkerk, also called the St. Louis Church, is a Roman Catholic church at the

neg: Saunders Lewis including: ' (Following Arthur) (1938), ' (Wednesday essays) (1945), ' (Masters of the centuries) (1973), ' (Masters and their craft) (1981) and ' (Go to it, young men) (1986). In March 1983, at the age of 89, Saunders Lewis was made an honorary Doctor of Letters of the University of Wales at a ceremony specially conducted at his home in Penarth. The Catholic Herald, reporting the honour, noted that in the previous year Lewis had made a plea for Mass to be said in Latin in Wales rather than in the "foreign language of English", which he pointed out was

neg: Academic drama an English comedy, she was met with a decline from Cambridge. Cambridge replied they did not use plays in English. However, it must be noted that though Cambridge did not indulge the Queen with an English comedy, they were not opposed to neo-Latin comedies. The majority of surviving English neo-Latin university dramas were performed at Cambridge. Performances at Cambridge were in Latin and the material of choice was the classics. Folios found at St. John's at Cambridge show records of costumes housed for performances. It is believed these costumes were used in the acting of classical works by Aristophanes and

neg: Music for the Requiem Mass of operatic vocal soloists. Many composers have composed a Requiem. Some of the most notable include the following (in chronological order): English with Latin Cornish Estonian German French, Greek, with Latin French, English, German with Latin Latin and Japanese Latin and German and others Latin and Polish Latin and 7th Century Northumbrian Russian Taiwanese Persian, Farsi Nonlinguistic In the 20th century the requiem evolved in several new directions. The genre of War Requiem is perhaps the most notable; it consists of compositions dedicated to the memory of people killed in wartime. These often include extra-liturgical poems of a pacifist or

neg: Preposition and postposition Gbadi, and in some North American varieties of French. Some prescriptive English grammars teach that prepositions cannot end a sentence, although there is no rule prohibiting that use. Similar rules arose during the rise of classicism, when they were applied to English in imitation of classical languages such as Latin. Otto Jespersen, in his "Essentials of English Grammar" (first published 1933), commented on this definition-derived rule: "...nor need a preposition (Latin: "praepositio") stand before the word it governs (go the fools "among" (Sh[akespeare]); What are you laughing "at"?). You might just as well believe that all blackguards are black or

neg: Pig Latin into mainstream American English are "" or "icksnay", the Pig Latin version of "" (itself a borrowing of German "nichts"), which is used as a general negative; and "", Pig Latin for "", meaning "go away" or "get out of here". For words that begin with consonant sounds, all letters before the initial vowel are placed at the end of the word sequence. Then, "ay" is added, as in the following examples: When words begin with consonant clusters (multiple consonants that form one sound), the whole sound is added to the end when speaking or writing. For words that begin

neg: St Chad's Cathedral, Birmingham the Sunday Solemn Mass (at 11:00 am). They also lead the worship during Holy Week and Easter, when the Archbishop presides. The choir specialises in the Latin polyphonic music of the renaissance, but sings a wide repertory of Masses and motets in English and Latin. The choir sings occasional concerts and has featured in television and radio broadcasts. In 1840 St Chad's was presented with a single bell weighing approximately . In 1848 the metal from this bell was used in the casting of a ring of five bells, made by Mears of Whitechapel and hung in the north-west tower.

neg: Papa rellena Papa rellena Papas rellenas (English: stuffed potatoes) are the most popular type of croquettes in Latin American countries such as Chile, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Colombia, Peru, and the Caribbean. The first recorded Latin American recipes were printed in the late 19th century, during a time when French cuisine (among others, e.g. Italian) was influencing those of Latin America. The dish is a baked potato dough into which a filling made of chopped beef and onions, whole olives, hard-boiled eggs, cumin and other spices is stuffed. Once prepared, the obloid mass is deep-fried. Potato flour is often added to

neg: Old St. Mary's Church (Cincinnati, Ohio) Citation Star which was its predecessor) for bravery and valor. Thereafter, he was assigned to establish the new Diocese of Lansing, Michigan in 1937, and was its first bishop (1937–1964). The parish, which today draws parishioners from some 50 different zip codes, practices a full range of the rich liturgical, musical and cultural heritage of the Roman Catholic tradition. It is the home of the Cincinnati Oratory of St. Philip Neri. The Church offers Masses in Latin and English every weekday, and in Latin, German and English every Sunday. The Latin Mass sometimes features a Gregorian chant choir. The parish

neg: Field hockey proclamation, which was originally in Latin and explicitly forbade the games "Pilam Manualem, Pedivam, & Bacularem: & ad Canibucam & Gallorum Pugnam". It may be recalled at this point that "baculum" is the Latin for 'stick', so the reference would appear to be to a game played with sticks. The English historian and biographer John Strype did not use the word "hockey" when he translated the proclamation in 1720, and the word 'hockey' remains of unknown origin. The modern game grew from English public schools in the early 19th century. The first club was in 1849 at Blackheath in south-east

neg: Polish National Catholic Church the other two Masses. The Traditional is longer and is still widely used. It is the older Mass used at the time when the PNCC formed. The Prime Bishop Hodur Mass is the longest and filled with additional prayers and litanies, as well as parts of the Traditional Mass. Following the PNCC's first synod in 1904, the vernacular (first Polish, then English) gradually replaced Latin as the language of the liturgy. Polish National Catholics believe and accept the doctrine of transubstantiation, that the two species used (bread and wine) become the literal Body and Blood of Christ at the consecration,

neg: EWTN replaced by programs on doctrine and programs of dialogue. The shift was apparent in the daily televised Masses, which, in 1992, began incorporating Latin into the liturgy and gradually eliminated contemporary music. Some untelevized Masses are totally in English and some include more contemporary music. On Christmas Eve of 1993, Mother Angelica and the nuns of her order reverted to traditional habits. From 1992 on, the Latin portions of the Mass included the Gloria, introduction of the Gospel readings, the Sanctus, and the remainder of the Mass after the Great Amen, beginning with the Lord's Prayer. Among its notable weekly

neg: Ne exeat Ne exeat At common law, ne exeat (Latin "that he not depart") is an equitable writ restraining a person from leaving the jurisdiction of the court or the state. The Writ may be issued to ensure the compliance by the defendant with a court order. The full phrase in the United States is ne exeat republica (Latin "let him not go out of the republic"). The phrase ne exeat regno (Latin "let him not go out of the kingdom") has also been used in English law. It is used in family law to restrain a person from leaving or removing

neg: Black Mass "Vade, Satanas!" - "Go away, Satan!"). Black Mass A Black Mass is a ritual characterized by the inversion of the Traditional Latin Mass celebrated by the Roman Catholic Church. In the 19th century the Black Mass became popularized in French literature, in books such as "Satanism and Witchcraft", by Jules Michelet, and "Là-bas", by Joris-Karl Huysmans. Modern revivals began with H. T. F. Rhodes' book, "The Satanic Mass" published in London in 1954, and there is now a range of modern versions of the Black Mass performed by various groups. The Catholic Church regards the Mass as its most important

neg: Latino sine flexione English with the following exceptions: The following simplifications to pronunciation are also allowed: The stress is based on the classical Latin rule: A secondary accent may be placed when necessary as the speaker deems appropriate. Though Peano removed the inflections of Latin from nouns and adjectives, he did not entirely remove grammatical gender, permitting the option of a feminine ending for occupations. The gender of animals is immutable. All forms of nouns end with a vowel and are taken from the ablative case, but as this was not listed in most Latin dictionaries, he gave the rule for its derivation

neg: Ville Ville Ville () is the modern French word of Latin origin now meaning "city" or "town", but the first meaning in the Middle Ages was "farm" (from Gallo-Romance < Latin "villa rustica") and then "village". The derivative suffix "-ville" is commonly used in English in names of cities, towns and villages. According to toponymist George R. Stewart, the use of the suffix "-ville" for settlements in the United States did not begin until after the American Revolution. Previously, town-names did not usually use suffixes unless named after European towns in which case the name was borrowed wholly. When a suffix

neg: Mass in C major, K. 220 "Sparrow" setting of the Latin Order of Mass is structured in six movements. In the following table of the movements, the voices, markings, keys and time signatures are taken from the choral score. Following the example of Joseph Haydn (such as in the ) and Michael Haydn, Mozart in this mass recalls the music of the "Kyrie" in the "Dona nobis", something which Franz Xaver Süssmayr did in his completion of Mozart's Requiem. The Requiem contains an almost literal quotation from this mass in the . Notes Bibliography "Scores" "Books" Mass in C major, K. 220 "Sparrow" The Sparrow Mass ()

neg: Yugtun script Yugtun script The Yugtun or Alaska script is a syllabary invented around the year 1900 by Uyaquq to write the Central Alaskan Yup'ik language. Uyaquq, who was monolingual in Yup'ik, initially used indigenous pictograms as a form of proto-writing that served as a mnemonic in preaching the Bible. However, when he realized that this did not allow him to reproduce the exact words of a passage the way the Latin alphabet did for English-speaking missionaries, he and his assistants developed it until it became a full syllabary. Although Uyaquq never learned English or the Latin alphabet, he was influenced by

neg: English terms with diacritical marks of Old English – which was entirely handwritten in its own time – was not well standardized, though it did not use all the Latin letters, and included several letters not present in the modern alphabet. When reprinted (on a printing press or computer) in modern times, an overdot is occasionally used with two Latin letters to differentiate sounds for the reader: Some modern printings also apply diacritics to vowels following the rules of Old Norse normalized spelling developed in the 19th century. In the Late Middle English period, the shape of the English letter þ (thorn), which was derived

neg: Vernacular Bible of Kralice, printed between 1579 and 1593; Bible in English: King James Bible, published in 1611; Bible in Slovene, published in 1584 by Jurij Dalmatin. In Catholicism, vernacular bibles were later provided, but Latin was used at Tridentine Mass until the Second Vatican Council of 1965. Certain groups, notably Traditionalist Catholics, continue to practice Latin Mass. In India, the 12th century Bhakti movement led to the translation of Sanskrit texts to the vernacular. In science, an early user of the vernacular was Galileo, writing in Italian c. 1600, though some of his works remained in Latin. A later example

neg: Collect for Purity Collect for Purity The Collect for Purity is the name traditionally given to the collect prayed near the beginning of the Eucharist in most Anglican rites. It appears in Latin in the 11th-century Leofric missal and was part of the preparation prayers of priests before Mass. Thomas Cranmer translated the prayer into English and from there it has entered almost every Anglican prayer book in the world. In the Leofric missal and the later Sarum Rite, the original Latin prayer occurs as one of the prayers said before Mass: A version appears as the introduction to the 14th Century anonymous

neg: Latin influence in English languages. Christian missionaries coming to Britain in the 6th century and 7th century brought with them Latin religious terms which entered the English language: "abbot", "altar", "apostle", "candle", "clerk", "mass", "minister", "monk", "nun", "pope", "priest", "school", "shrive". Some of these words are ultimately of Greek origin, as much of the technical language of Christianity developed from the Greek of the New Testament and the works of those Fathers of the Church who wrote in Greek. During this time, the Catholic Church had great influence on the development and expansion of the Old English language. Catholic monks mainly wrote or copied

neg: Black Mass "In nomine Dei nostri Satanas Luciferi Excelsi" (In the name of our God, Satan Lucifer of the Most High), as well as the phrases "Rege Satanas" and "Ave Satanas" (which, incidentally, are also the only three Latin phrases which appeared in the Church of Satan's 1968 recording, "The Satanic Mass"). Additionally, all three modify other Latin parts of the Roman Catholic Missal to make them into Satanic versions. The Church of Satan's two Black Masses also use the French text of the Black Mass in Huysmans' "Là-Bas" to a great extent. (West only uses the English translation, LaVey publishes also

neg: Ormulum English since the works of Ælfric of Eynsham (c. 990). The motivation was to provide an accessible English text for the benefit of the less educated, which might include some clergy who found it difficult to understand the Latin of the Vulgate, and the parishioners who in most cases would not understand spoken Latin at all (Treharne 2000, p. 273). Each homily begins with a paraphrase of a Gospel reading (important when the laity did not understand Latin), followed by exegesis (Bennett and Smithers 1982, pp. 174–75). The theological content is derivative; Orm closely follows Bede's exegesis of Luke, the

neg: Maundy Thursday males partook of the rite. Others theorize that the English name "Maundy Thursday" arose from "maundsor baskets" or "maundy purses" of alms which the king of England distributed to certain poor at Whitehall before attending Mass on that day. Thus, "maund" is connected to the Latin "mendicare", and French "mendier", to beg. A source from the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod likewise states that, if the name was derived from the Latin "mandatum", we would call the day Mandy Thursday, or Mandate Thursday, or even Mandatum Thursday; and that the term "Maundy" comes in fact from the Latin "mendicare", Old French "mendier",

neg: John Berg (priest) California. On July 7, 2007, the first anniversary of Berg's election as Superior General, Pope Benedict XVI issued the motu proprio "Summorum pontificum", reaffirming that Latin Rite priests of the Catholic Church are free to use the books of the 1962 Roman Missal as an extraordinary form of the Roman Rite. In accordance with the rules governing the society of which he has become superior general, Berg has celebrated Low Mass, Sung Mass, and Solemn Mass in Latin using this form of the Roman Rite. Berg currently lives at the Fraternity's General House in Fribourg, Switzerland. He speaks English, French,

neg: Summorum Pontificum Summorum Pontificum Summorum Pontificum (English: "Of the Supreme Pontiffs") is an apostolic letter of Pope Benedict XVI, issued in July 2007, which specified the circumstances in which priests of the Latin Church may celebrate Mass according to what he called the "Missal promulgated by Blessed John XXIII in 1962" (the latest edition of the Roman Missal, in the form known as the Tridentine Mass or Traditional Latin Mass), and administer most of the sacraments in the form used before the liturgical reforms that followed the Second Vatican Council. The document was dated 7 July 2007 and carried an effective date

neg: Latin Some systems use for the consonant sounds except in the combinations for which is never used. Some notes concerning the mapping of Latin phonemes to English graphemes are given below: In Classical Latin, as in modern Italian, double consonant letters were pronounced as long consonant sounds distinct from short versions of the same consonants. Thus the "nn" in Classical Latin , year, (and in Italian ) is pronounced as a doubled as in English "unnamed". (In English, distinctive consonant length or doubling occurs only at the boundary between two words or morphemes, as in that example.) In Classical Latin, did

neg: Plural form of words ending in -us Plural form of words ending in -us In English, the plural form of words ending in "-us", especially those derived from Latin, often replaces "-us" with "-i". There are many exceptions, some because the word does not derive from Latin, and others due to custom ("e.g.", "campus", plural "campuses"). Conversely, some non-Latin words ending in "-us" and Latin words that did not have their Latin plurals with "-i" form their English plurals with "-i". Some words' plurals end in "-i" even though they are not Latin, or that is not the Latin plural, "e.g.", "octopi" as a plural for octopus.

neg: It's Not News, It's FARK It's Not News, It's FARK It's Not News, It's Fark: How Mass Media Tries to Pass Off Crap as News is the first book by Fark.com founder Drew Curtis. It is a critical look at the Mass Media industry and the go-to stories used when there is a lack of hard news to report. Curtis' site Fark.com was one of the 100 largest English speaking sites receiving over 2,000 submissions a day and over 4 million unique visitors per month, often from the news sources themselves. It is generally seen as the destination for strange news stories. In the introduction

neg: Traditionalist Catholicism as revised in 1969, referred to as the Novus Ordo Mass, if no Traditional Latin Mass is available to them, while regarding it as inferior; others refuse to attend the Novus Ordo Mass, even if there is no Traditional Latin Mass. The traditionalist movement traces its roots to at least the early 1970s, when conservative Catholics opposed to or uncomfortable with the social and liturgical changes brought about by Second Vatican Council began to coalesce. In 1970, French Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre founded the Society of Saint Pius X (SSPX), made up of priests who would say only the Traditional Latin

neg: Classical Latin periods he had but few comments. Teuffel was to go on with other editions of his history, but meanwhile it had come out in English almost as soon as it did in German and found immediate favorable reception. In 1877 Charles Thomas Cruttwell produced the first English work along the same lines. In his Preface he refers to "Teuffel's admirable history, without which many chapters in the present work could not have attained completeness" and also gives credit to Wagner. Cruttwell adopts the same periods with minor differences; however, where Teuffel's work is mainly historical, Cruttwell's work contains detailed analyses

neg: Denzil Meuli Booth. In 1977, Meuli obtained an LL.B. from the University of Auckland and was admitted as a Barrister and Solicitor of the High Court of New Zealand. In 1987 he studied the work of Patrick Henry Omlor and his questioning of the validity of the Catholic Mass using the all-English Canon, particularly the replacement of the Latin "Pro multis" ("for many") with the English "for all" in the rite of consecration. Omlor argued that a deviation from the earlier wording resulted in the new Mass not constituting a proper sacrifice. Meuli was influenced by Omlor's arguments and resumed the celebration

neg: Mi Plan Luz", released in June 2010. The album was further supported by her 2010 Mi Plan Tour, her first tour reaching Latin America. A remix album was released in October 2010, featuring remixes of the singles. Furtado began working with guitarist and producer James Bryan on "My Plan", for a possible English language album. She said she would try to write songs in English and then in Portuguese but that she did not feel inspired. She mentioned that fellow Canadian singer-songwriter Alex Cuba suggested that they try writing the lyrics in Spanish and then he would go on to write the

neg: Arthur Golding its translation did not go unnoticed and was influential to many great writers. Its influence has been detected in Spenser's "Faerie Queene", in John Studley's translations of Seneca, in Christopher Marlowe's "Tamburlaine" and "Edward II", and many more. Even William Shakespeare knew of Golding's Ovid and recalls it in a number of his plays. However, Shakespeare did have knowledge of versions other than Golding's—for instance, a passage in Shakespeare's "The Tempest" seems to have a closer resemblance to the original Latin text than to Golding's English version. Golding's translation, though, is without any question the most influential version on Shakespeare,

neg: Cornish language and the recently discovered '. In the reign of Henry VIII, an account was given by Andrew Boorde in his 1542 "Boke of the Introduction of Knowledge". He states, "" When Parliament passed the Act of Uniformity 1549, people in many areas of Cornwall did not speak or understand English. The intention of the Act was to replace worship in Latin with worship in English, which was known by the lawmakers not to be universally spoken throughout England. Instead of merely banning Latin, the Act was framed so as to enforce English. The Prayer Book Rebellion, which may also have

neg: Papal Mass fanon while celebrating Mass. The custom of having the Gospel chanted in Greek by a Greek Catholic deacon on certain occasions is practiced on occasion, most notably during canonisations. Latin is used for most papal Masses in Rome, but the local vernacular has been used with increasing frequency in recent decades, especially when the pope is abroad. However, in the last years of his pontificate Pope Benedict XVI always used Latin for the Eucharistic Prayer when celebrating Mass abroad. Under Pope Francis several Papal Masses in Saint Peter's Square have used the Italian language. On Palm Sunday 2014, Latin was

neg: St. Stephen's Catholic Church (Cleveland, Ohio) that they have a full parish staff and church council. They have regular Sunday Masses as well as daily Masses. German Mass is offered every first Sunday at 11am. In addition to German and English Masses, St. Stephen's also offers Tridentine Latin Masses every Sunday at 9:30am as well as daily Tridentine Latin Masses at varying times. The Latin Mass celebrant at St. Stephen's is Rev. Fr. Bede Kotlinski, OSB. Other staff includes Pastor Rev. Caroli B. Shao and Permanent Deacon Rev. Mr. Moises Cruz. St. Stephen's hosts many church events and fund raisers as well as promotes those of

neg: Vulgar Latin they spoke than Latin or lingua romana or lingua romana rustica (to distinguish it from the formal Latin) for 200-300 years. Modern people call these languages proto-Romance. The flaw in the death metaphor for Latin is summarized in the first line of Wright's essay, "Did Latin die?": "Latin isn't dead, you know." Wright explains that the hundreds of millions of people whose first language is one of Spanish, Portuguese, French, Italian, Rumanian, Catalan, etc., speak evolved Latin as surely as English speakers use the evolved continuation of Old English. While traditional Classical Latin was eventually reduced in use as a

neg: Hermeneutic style On the Continent, some writers were exponents of the hermeneutic style; in England in the later tenth century almost all were. The study of difficult texts had been a traditional part of Latin education in England since the days of Aldhelm, and he profoundly influenced later writers. In tenth-century England, Aldhelm and Abbo were studied intensively, whereas hermeneutic works did not form an important part of the Continental curriculum. Aldhelm's "De Virginitate" ("On Virginity") was particularly influential, and in the 980s an English scholar requested permission from Archbishop Æthelgar to go to Winchester to study it, complaining that he had

neg: In Search of Lost Time did it come? What did it mean? How could I seize and apprehend it? ... And suddenly the memory revealed itself. The taste was that of the little piece of madeleine which on Sunday mornings at Combray (because on those mornings I did not go out before mass), when I went to say good morning to her in her bedroom, my aunt Léonie used to give me, dipping it first in her own cup of tea or tisane. The sight of the little madeleine had recalled nothing to my mind before I tasted it. And all from my cup of

neg: Theotonius his counsel was sought by Afonso Henriques, Theotonius did not hesitate to reprove the king or queen if he thought them in the wrong. One day, in the church of Viseu, he preached a sermon against co-habitation in the presence of the widowed queen and her lover, Count Fernando. On another occasion when the queen told him to shorten the Mass, he replied that the Mass was offered for a sovereign greater than she. Therefore, she could stay or go, but the length of the Mass would remain unchanged. He was offered the bishopric of Viseu and later Coimbra, but

neg: Go (verb) are derived from the PIE root *' (late *') based on close matches with past tense forms of Sanskrit "yā́ti" 'he goes, travels' (cf. imperfect "áyāt", perfect "yayáu", and aorist "áyāsam"). The root is regarded as an iterative-intensive derivative of the more common *' 'to go' (present *'). One reflex of *"" is Latin "īre" 'to go' (present "eō" 'I go') which gave many English words such as amb"ition", ex"it", intro"it", issue, preter"ite", and so forth. It is also found in the Slavic languages as "iti" and similar forms. In Middle English, "ēode" evolved into "ȝede", "yede", and "yode". By

neg: Ite, missa est Ite, missa est Ite, missa est are the concluding Latin words addressed to the people in the Mass of the Roman Rite, as well as the Lutheran Divine Service. Until the reforms of 1962, at Masses without the Gloria, "Benedicamus Domino" was said instead. The response of the people (or, in the Tridentine Mass, of the servers at Low Mass, the choir at Solemn Mass) is "Deo gratias" ("thanks be to God"). In the 19th century, it was common to explain the phrase elliptically, with "missa" the feminine participle of "mittere", as in "Ite, missa est [congregatio]" "Go, it [viz.,

neg: English Missal addition to saying the official texts of the Book of Common Prayer aloud. While enforcement of the Public Worship Regulation Act ended in 1906, the custom persisted, due in part to the fact that in the pre-Concilliar Roman Rite the Canon of the Mass was always said silently. For this reason, the Latin text of the Canon of the Mass was included in "The English Missal" in addition to the English translation. "The English Missal" went through five editions. The first four were based on the Roman Missal of Pius V as revised until the time of Pope Pius X.

neg: Pax (liturgical object) ("Peace to you", "And with your spirit"). The pax gradually fell out of general use, though the Catholic Encyclopedia in 1911 said it was still practised when "prelates and princes" were involved, but "not to others except in rare cases established by custom". In the 20th century the physical kiss, now more often a handshake, was revived in the Mass. Pax was the Latin name, with osculatorium and "instrumentum pacis" as alternatives. Pax was also used in English, in which they were also called a pax board and pax-brede, or "paxbrede". Another Latin term was pacificale, still sometimes used in

neg: English-language spelling reform 1662 recommended minor changes to spelling, such as changing "logique" to "logic", "warre" to "war", "sinne" to "sin", "toune" to "town" and "tru" to "true". Many of these spellings are now in general use. From the 16th century AD onward, English writers who were scholars of Greek and Latin literature tried to link English words to their Graeco-Latin counterparts. They did this by adding silent letters to make the real or imagined links more obvious. Thus "det" became "debt" (to link it to Latin "debitum"), "dout" became "doubt" (to link it to Latin "dubitare"), "sissors" became "scissors" and "sithe" became

neg: Plural form of words ending in -us has a plural "priora", the "Lada Priora" having prior claim to that name—though the common plural is "Priuses". The Winklevoss twins are sometimes collectively referred to as "the Winklevi". Plural form of words ending in -us In English, the plural form of words ending in "-us", especially those derived from Latin, often replaces "-us" with "-i". There are many exceptions, some because the word does not derive from Latin, and others due to custom ("e.g.", "campus", plural "campuses"). Conversely, some non-Latin words ending in "-us" and Latin words that did not have their Latin plurals with "-i" form their English

neg: British Latin Vulgar Latin variety most probably developed. However, if it did exist as a distinct dialect group, it has not survived extensively enough for diagnostic features to be detected, despite much new subliterary Latin being discovered in England in the 20th century. It is not known when Vulgar Latin ceased to be spoken in Britain, but it is likely that it continued to be widely spoken in various parts of Britain into the 5th century. In the lowland zone, Vulgar Latin was replaced by Old English during the course of the 5th and the 6th centuries, but in the highland zone,

neg: Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, Beijing is a "youth mass". On Sundays, there is a Latin mass at 06:00, and then there are Chinese masses at 07:00, 08:30, 16:00, and 18:00. There are also an English Mass (with readings also in French) at 10:30, and a Mass in Italian with Spanish readings at 12:30. Clark, Anthony E. "China's Thriving Catholics: A Report From Beijing's South Cathedral." "Ignatius Insight" August 20, 2008. Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, Beijing The Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception (), colloquially known as the Xuanwumen church () or Nantang () to the locals, is a historic Roman Catholic Church located in Beijing,