query: where was the official classification of 1855 created

pos: Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855 Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855 The Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855 resulted from the 1855 Exposition Universelle de Paris, when Emperor Napoleon III requested a classification system for France's best Bordeaux wines that were to be on display for visitors from around the world. Brokers from the wine industry ranked the wines according to a château's reputation and trading price, which at that time was directly related to quality. The wines were ranked in importance from first to fifth growths ("crus"). All of the red wines that made it on the list came from the Médoc region except

pos: Château Cantemerle Château Cantemerle Château Cantemerle is a winery in the Haut-Médoc appellation of the Bordeaux wine region of France, in the commune of Macau. The wine produced here was the final estate to be classified as one of eighteen "Cinquièmes Crus" (Fifth Growths) in the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. Its absence from the classification map featured at the 1855 Exposition Universelle de Paris created some controversy, even though it has been listed on all maps published after 1855. Some sources will include an asterisk next to Château Cantemerle listing in reference to this controversy. The estate has a long

pos: Exposition Universelle (1855) requested a classification system for France's best Bordeaux wines which were to be on display for visitors from around the world. Brokers from the wine industry ranked the wines according to a château's reputation and trading price, which at that time was directly related to quality. The result was the important Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. Exposition Universelle (1855) The Exposition Universelle of 1855 was an International Exhibition held on the Champs-Élysées in Paris from 15 May to 15 November 1855. Its full official title was the Exposition Universelle des produits de l'Agriculture, de l'Industrie et des Beaux-Arts de

pos: First Growth refused to create any sort of classification scheme but it has produced red wines that are among the most expensive in the world, such as Petrus. First Growth First Growth () status is a classification of wines primarily from the Bordeaux region of France. The need for a classification of the best Bordeaux wines arose from the 1855 Exposition Universelle de Paris. The result was the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855, a list of the top ranked wines, named the Grand Crus Classés (Great Classified Growths). With several thousand different Chateaux producing their own wines in Bordeaux, to be

pos: First Growth First Growth First Growth () status is a classification of wines primarily from the Bordeaux region of France. The need for a classification of the best Bordeaux wines arose from the 1855 Exposition Universelle de Paris. The result was the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855, a list of the top ranked wines, named the Grand Crus Classés (Great Classified Growths). With several thousand different Chateaux producing their own wines in Bordeaux, to be classified was to carry a mark of high prestige. Within the Grand Cru Classé list, wines were further ranked and placed in one of five divisions.

pos: Château Talbot Château Talbot Château Talbot is a winery in the Saint-Julien appellation of the Bordeaux region of France. Château Talbot is also the name of the red wine produced by this property. It was classified as one of ten "Quatrièmes Crus Classés" (Fourth Growths) in the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. The Château used to be the property of Sir John Talbot, Governor of Aquitaine, Earl of Shrewsbury, in the 15th century. The property belonged to the Marquis of Aux for several decades, receiving its first "Cocks & Féret" lists in 1846 and 1855 and fourth growth classification in 1855,

pos: Château Durfort-Vivens Château Durfort-Vivens Château Durfort-Vivens is a winery in the Margaux appellation of the Bordeaux region of France. It is also the name of the red wine produced by this property. The wine produced here was classified as one of fifteen "Deuxièmes Crus" (Second Growths) in the original Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. While the 1855 classification is still legally in effect, more modern classifications have been performed to reconcile changes over time. In The Liv-ex Bordeaux Classification, in which quality of Bordeaux red wine is determined by demand in terms of price, Château Durfort-Vivens is listed as a Fifth

pos: Château Pontet-Canet Château Pontet-Canet Château Pontet-Canet is a winery in the Pauillac appellation of the Bordeaux wine region of France. Chateau Pontet-Canet is also the name of the red wine produced by this property. The wine produced here was classified as one of eighteen "Cinquièmes Crus" (Fifth Growths) in the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. Ten years following the 1855 classification, the property was purchased by Herman Cruse in 1865, in whose family the estate remained for many years. The Bordeaux wine fraud scandal in 1973 forced the sale, in 1975, of Ponet-Canet to Cognac merchant Guy Tesseron owner of Château

pos: Château Clerc Milon Château Clerc Milon Château Clerc Milon is a winery in the Pauillac appellation of the Bordeaux region of France. The wine produced here was classified as one of eighteen "Cinquièmes Crus" (Fifth Growths) in the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. Château Clerc Milon is located in the northern part of the Pauillac appellation, with its vinery building in the village of Mousset, and faces Château Lafite Rothschild on the other side of the D2 road. The name of the estate is derived from its former owner Jean-Baptiste Clerc, who owned it at the time of the 1855 classification, and

pos: Château de Malle Château de Malle Château de Malle is a sweet white wine ranked as Second Cru Classé (French, "Second Growth") in the original Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. Belonging to the Sauternes appellation in Gironde, in the region of Graves, the winery is located in the commune of Sauternes. The gardens of the chateau are classified among the Notable Gardens of France by the Committee of Parks and Gardens of the French Ministry of Culture. The gardens of the château were created between 1717 and 1724 by Alexandre Eutrope de Lur Saluces. They were inspired by the gardens that he

pos: Château Dubignon Talbot. In the 70's, Bernard Chateau acquired the estate. He renamed the it Château Larruau, after the part of Margaux where the former Dubignon-Talbot Castle was located. Château Dubignon Château Dubignon, later Château Dubignon-Talbot, later Château Larruau is a wine producer in the appellation of Margaux in the Bordeaux wine region of France. The estate was classified as a "Troisième Cru" (Third Growth) in the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855, and was during its time considered the smallest "cru" of all. With the "phylloxera" epidemic, production at Dubignon ceased. Sold by the proprietor Philippe Dubignon to Monsieur Fourcade in

pos: Château Batailley Château Batailley Château Batailley is a winery in the Pauillac appellation of the Bordeaux region of France. The wine produced at the estate was classified as one of eighteen "Cinquièmes Crus" (Fifth Growths) in the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. The current name has been in use since the end of the 18th century, when the vineyard was owned by the Saint-Martin family. The property then saw a succession of owners and temporary partition until the estate was largely restored and expanded by Daniel Guestier of Barton & Guestier after 1816. The estate was first mentioned in classification by

pos: Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855 1960. Alexis Lichine, a member of the 1960 revision panel, launched a campaign to implement changes that lasted over thirty years, in the process publishing several editions of his own unofficial classification and the "Alexis Lichine's Guide to the Wines and Vineyards of France", in which he devoted a chapter to the subject. In support of his argument, Lichine cited the case of Chateau Lynch-Bages, the Pauillac Fifth Growth that, through good management and by patiently collecting the best parcels as they come on the market, makes wine that in his view are worthy of a much higher classification. Conversely,

pos: Château Brane-Cantenac Château Brane-Cantenac Château Brane-Cantenac is a winery in the Margaux appellation of the Bordeaux wine region of France. The wine produced here was classified as one of fifteen "Deuxièmes Crus" (Second Growths) in the original Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. The estate also produces a second wine named Baron de Brane, a label named Château Notton, and a generic Margaux. Previously a reputed estate named Château Gorce (sometimes recorded as Gorse), its wine was sold at high prices and was listed as a second growth in pre-1855 classifications such as "Cocks & Féret". It was acquired in 1833 by

pos: Château Belgrave Château Belgrave Château Belgrave is a winery in the Haut-Médoc appellation of the Bordeaux region of France. The wine produced here was classified as one of eighteen "Cinquièmes Crus" (Fifth Growths) in the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. At the time of classification, the winery was called Château Coutenceau. The "Bellegrave" designation first appeared in 1845, when Bruno Devès, a negociant in Bordeaux, remodelled the estate, favoring wine growing on gravel terroirs. Château Belgrave is located in the commune Saint-Laurent-Médoc, immediately to the west of the border with Saint-Julien-Beychevelle. It is thus situated in a sub-regional appellation, but close

pos: Château Sociando-Mallet Château Sociando-Mallet Château Sociando-Mallet is an unclassed Bordeaux wine producer from the appellation Haut-Médoc. The winery is located on the Left Bank of the Bordeaux wine regions, in the commune of Saint-Seurin-de-Cadourne north of Saint-Estèphe, France. Despite its estimation as a producer of high quality wine, it was neither ranked in the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855 (not existing at the time), nor is it listed among Médoc's "Cru Bourgeois", due to a decision of its owner Jean Gautreau not to enter it for such classification. The winery also produces a second wine named La Demoiselle de Sociando-Mallet. Situated

pos: Château Rauzan-Ségla an annual production of 8000 cases, and the surplus wine is destined for the second wine named Ségla. Château Rauzan-Ségla Château Rauzan-Ségla, or Château Rausan-Ségla, is a winery in the Margaux appellation of the Bordeaux region of France. Château Rauzan-Ségla is also the name of the red wine produced by this property. The wine produced here was classified as one of fifteen "Deuxièmes Crus" (Second Growths) in the original Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. The alternate name "Rausan-Ségla" was also frequently used until 1994 when the original "Rauzan-Ségla" again became the official name. Rauzan-Ségla was once part of the

pos: Château Rauzan-Ségla Château Rauzan-Ségla Château Rauzan-Ségla, or Château Rausan-Ségla, is a winery in the Margaux appellation of the Bordeaux region of France. Château Rauzan-Ségla is also the name of the red wine produced by this property. The wine produced here was classified as one of fifteen "Deuxièmes Crus" (Second Growths) in the original Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. The alternate name "Rausan-Ségla" was also frequently used until 1994 when the original "Rauzan-Ségla" again became the official name. Rauzan-Ségla was once part of the vast Rausan estate owned by Pierre de Mesures de Rauzan in the mid-17th century. Over time, this estate

pos: Pessac-Léognan Pessac-Léognan Pessac-Léognan () is a wine growing area and Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée, in the northern part of the Graves region of Bordeaux. Unlike most Bordeaux appellations, Pessac-Léognan is equally famous for both red and (dry) white wines, although red wine is still predominant. It includes the only red-wine producer outside the Haut-Médoc classified in the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855, the "premier cru" Château Haut-Brion, and also includes all of the châteaux listed in the 1953/59 classification of Graves. These classed growths account for a third of the wine produced in Pessac-Léognan. Pessac-Léognan, France lies on the left bank

pos: Saint-Émilion not included in the 1855 Bordeaux classification. The first formal classification in Saint-Émilion was made in 1955. Unlike the 1855 classification, it is regularly revised. Since 2012, Saint-Emilion hosts a Jazz Festival at the end of July. Saint-Émilion Saint-Émilion (; Gascon: "Sent Milion") is a commune in the Gironde department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in south-western France. Saint-Émilion's history goes back to prehistoric times and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, with fascinating Romanesque churches and ruins stretching all along steep and narrow streets. The Romans planted vineyards in what was to become Saint-Émilion as early as the 2nd century. In the

pos: Château Pédesclaux Château Pédesclaux Château Pédesclaux is a winery in the Pauillac appellation of the Bordeaux region of France. The wine produced here was classified as one of eighteen "Cinquièmes Crus" (Fifth Growths) in the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. The Château was founded in 1810 by winebroker Pierre Urbain Pédesclaux, who passed it to his son Pierre-Edmond in 1849. After death of the latter his widow continued to run the Château until 1891, when the estate was sold to the Count de Gastebois. In 1930, Lucien Jugla became tenant, and eventually purchased the Château in 1950. In 2009, the estate

pos: Château Lascombes Like many Margaux wines, the tannins can be supple. The wines typically are ready for drinking after eight years and can usually last up to thirty. Château Lascombes Château Lascombes is a winery in the Margaux appellation of the Bordeaux region of France. The wine produced here was classified as one of fifteen "Seconds Crus" (Second Growths) in the original Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. In the 1950s, the estate was purchased by French wine writer Alexis Lichine who continued to own part of the estate till 1971 when Bass Charrington took over principal ownership. In 2001 it was

pos: Château Lascombes Château Lascombes Château Lascombes is a winery in the Margaux appellation of the Bordeaux region of France. The wine produced here was classified as one of fifteen "Seconds Crus" (Second Growths) in the original Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. In the 1950s, the estate was purchased by French wine writer Alexis Lichine who continued to own part of the estate till 1971 when Bass Charrington took over principal ownership. In 2001 it was purchased by Yves Vatelot and US-based Colony Capital, who in 2011 sold it to the French insurance group MACSF. In addition to its premier "cuvee", a

pos: Château Dubignon Château Dubignon Château Dubignon, later Château Dubignon-Talbot, later Château Larruau is a wine producer in the appellation of Margaux in the Bordeaux wine region of France. The estate was classified as a "Troisième Cru" (Third Growth) in the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855, and was during its time considered the smallest "cru" of all. With the "phylloxera" epidemic, production at Dubignon ceased. Sold by the proprietor Philippe Dubignon to Monsieur Fourcade in the 1870s, it was absorbed into his estate Château Malescot St. Exupéry, and the estate ceased to exist. When Malescot St. Exupéry changed ownership in 1901, the

pos: Château Lagrange Château Lagrange Château Lagrange is a winery in the Saint-Julien appellation of the Bordeaux region of France, and is also the name of the red wine produced by this property. It is owned by the Japanese liquor giant Suntory. The wine produced here was classified as one of fourteen "Troisièmes Crus" (Third Growths) in the historic Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. After a long period of mediocrity, Château Lagrange was purchased by Japanese liquor giant Suntory in 1983 with Marcel Ducasse as directeur général and winemaker. Large budgets from Suntory allowed Marcel Ducasse to invest in the remake of

pos: Château Lynch-Moussas Château Lynch-Moussas Château Lynch-Moussas is a French winery in the Pauillac appellation of the Bordeaux region of France. Château Lynch-Moussas is also the name of the red wine produced by this property. The wine produced here was classified as one of eighteen "Cinquièmes Crus" (Fifth Growths) in the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. The estate was first owned by the Lynch family originally from Ireland, notably including the Count Jean-Baptiste Lynch in the 18th century, and was at the time much larger than it is today. In 1919 it was purchased by the Castéja family, and sole control was

pos: Château Giscours Château Giscours Château Giscours is a winery in the Margaux appellation of the Bordeaux region of France, in the commune of Labarde. The wine produced here was classified as one of fourteen "Troisièmes Crus" (Third Growths) in the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. The first written reference to the domain of Giscours, a deed confirming the sale of the estate, dates from 1330 and refers to a fortified keep. Records of Giscours' vineyards go back to 1552 when Seigneur de la Bastide sold it to Pierre de l'Horme. Prior to the French Revolution Giscours belonged to the Saint-Simon family

pos: Château du Tertre owners of the neighbouring estate Château Giscours. From an 80 hectare estate, the vineyard area extends approximately 50 hectares consisting of the grape varieties of 40% Cabernet Sauvignon, 35% Merlot, 20% Cabernet Franc and 5% Petit Verdot, with vines averaging about 35 years. Château du Tertre Château du Tertre, or Le Tertre, is a winery in the Margaux appellation of the Bordeaux region of France, in the commune of Arsac. The wine produced here was classified as one of eighteen "Cinquièmes Crus" (Fifth Growths) in the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. Located on the "tertre" (French for "hillock" or

pos: Château Dauzac Château Dauzac Château Dauzac is a winery in the Margaux appellation of the Bordeaux region of France, in the commune of Labarde. The wine produced here was classified as one of eighteen "Cinquièmes Crus" (Fifth Growths) in the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. Since 1988, the estate has belonged to the insurance company MAIF, but is managed by the André Lurton group. In 2004, his daughter Christine Lurton-Bazin de Caix took charge of the property. In the 1880s, the trials which led to the development of the Bordeaux mixture to combat downy mildew mostly took place in the vineyards

pos: Château Giscours produced by the estate include Château Dutheil and Château Houringe, both Haut-Médoc "cru bourgeois" properties, the former is vinified at Giscours, the latter is since 1982 operated on a lease. Château Giscours is the home ground of the Bordeaux Giscours Cricket Club, participants in the Aquitaine Division of the French National League and current National Champions. Château Giscours Château Giscours is a winery in the Margaux appellation of the Bordeaux region of France, in the commune of Labarde. The wine produced here was classified as one of fourteen "Troisièmes Crus" (Third Growths) in the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855.

pos: Château du Tertre Château du Tertre Château du Tertre, or Le Tertre, is a winery in the Margaux appellation of the Bordeaux region of France, in the commune of Arsac. The wine produced here was classified as one of eighteen "Cinquièmes Crus" (Fifth Growths) in the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. Located on the "tertre" (French for "hillock" or "rising ground") from which it takes its name, the ancient origins of Château du Tertre are traced back to the Seigneurie d'Arsac documented as early as 1143 whose descendants owned the estate in the 16th century. Le Tertre passed through the ownership of

pos: Château Palmer Château Palmer Château Palmer is a winery in the Margaux appellation d'origine contrôlée of the Bordeaux region of France. The wine produced here was classified as one of fourteen "Troisièmes Crus" (Third Growths) in the historic Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. The property is situated in the communes Margaux and Cantenac, and its wine is considered to be one of the two most popular Third Growths. Since 1998, the Château has been producing also a second label, not a second wine, "Alter Ego de Palmer," selected from the same quality terroirs, but employing different wine-making techniques and different proportions

pos: Château Haut-Batailley of . Château Haut-Batailley Château Haut-Batailley is a winery in the Pauillac appellation of the Bordeaux region of France. The wine produced here was part of the property that was classified as one of eighteen "Cinquièmes Crus" (Fifth Growths) in the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. Historically the estate was part of Château Batailley until its purchase by the brothers François and Marcel Borie in 1932, and division into two properties 1942, in order to prevent inheritance difficulties. The smaller part which did not include the Batailley château became the property of François Borie who added to its vineyards

pos: Château Haut-Batailley Château Haut-Batailley Château Haut-Batailley is a winery in the Pauillac appellation of the Bordeaux region of France. The wine produced here was part of the property that was classified as one of eighteen "Cinquièmes Crus" (Fifth Growths) in the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. Historically the estate was part of Château Batailley until its purchase by the brothers François and Marcel Borie in 1932, and division into two properties 1942, in order to prevent inheritance difficulties. The smaller part which did not include the Batailley château became the property of François Borie who added to its vineyards with land

pos: Château Gruaud-Larose label of this château's wine: La Roseraie de Gruaud Larose Château Gruaud-Larose Château Gruaud-Larose is a winery in the Saint-Julien appellation of the Bordeaux region of France. It is also the name of the red wine produced by this property. The wine produced here was classified as one of fifteen "Deuxièmes Crus" (Second Growths) in the original Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. The property has a younger history than most of its cohorts. Its origins date to 1725 and the knight Joseph Stanislas Gruaud. The property was called Fond-Bedeau, and was administered by two Gruauds; one a priest and

pos: Château Gruaud-Larose Château Gruaud-Larose Château Gruaud-Larose is a winery in the Saint-Julien appellation of the Bordeaux region of France. It is also the name of the red wine produced by this property. The wine produced here was classified as one of fifteen "Deuxièmes Crus" (Second Growths) in the original Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. The property has a younger history than most of its cohorts. Its origins date to 1725 and the knight Joseph Stanislas Gruaud. The property was called Fond-Bedeau, and was administered by two Gruauds; one a priest and the other a magistrate. The magistrate, the Chevalier du Gruaud,

pos: Château La Lagune Château La Lagune Château La Lagune is a winery in the Haut-Médoc appellation of the Bordeaux region of France. The wine produced here was classified as one of fourteen "Troisièmes Crus" (Third Growths) in the historic Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. Rescued from dereliction in 1954 by Georges Brunet, La Lagune was subsequently sold to the Ducellier family of Champagne Ayala. In 2000, both La Lagune and Champagne Ayala were sold to the Frey family. Ayala was then sold to the House of Bollinger, and the Frey family acquired Maison Jaboulet in the Rhone. The Freys are also a

pos: Château Marquis d'Alesme Becker Château Marquis d'Alesme Becker Château Marquis d'Alesme Becker is a winery in the Margaux appellation of the Bordeaux wine region of France. The wine produced here was classified as one of fourteen "Troisièmes Crus" (Third Growths) in the historic Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. The estate produces a second wine named Marquise d'Alesme. Established by the Marquis d'Alesme in 1585, the estate was originally planted in 1616. The property was acquired in 1809 by the Dutch business man Jan Bekker Teerlink (1759-1832), commonly referred to as ‘Monsieur Becker’ (the misspelled first part of his double-barrelled family name), who attached

pos: Château Calon-Ségur Château Calon-Ségur Château Calon-Ségur is a winery in the Saint-Estèphe appellation of the Bordeaux wine region of France. The wine produced here was classified as one of fourteen "Troisièmes Crus Classés" (Third Growths) in the historic Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. It is the northernmost classified growth in the Médoc. "Calon," meaning a little river skiff used in the Middle Ages to ferry timber across the Gironde estuary, gave the name to this district which was at one point known as Calones or Saint-Estèphe-de-Calon. In early times, Château Calon-Ségur was one of the original three vineyards in Saint-Estèphe, and

pos: Château Calon-Ségur Capbern-Gasqueton's death, it was sold in 2012 to Suravenir Assurances, an insurance company. Château Calon-Ségur Château Calon-Ségur is a winery in the Saint-Estèphe appellation of the Bordeaux wine region of France. The wine produced here was classified as one of fourteen "Troisièmes Crus Classés" (Third Growths) in the historic Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. It is the northernmost classified growth in the Médoc. "Calon," meaning a little river skiff used in the Middle Ages to ferry timber across the Gironde estuary, gave the name to this district which was at one point known as Calones or Saint-Estèphe-de-Calon. In early

pos: Château Lynch-Moussas with a grape variety distribution of 70% Cabernet Sauvignon and 30% Merlot. There is an annual production of of the "grand vin" Chateau Lynch-Moussas, as well as production of the second wine under the label Les Hauts de Lynch-Moussas. Château Lynch-Moussas Château Lynch-Moussas is a French winery in the Pauillac appellation of the Bordeaux region of France. Château Lynch-Moussas is also the name of the red wine produced by this property. The wine produced here was classified as one of eighteen "Cinquièmes Crus" (Fifth Growths) in the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. The estate was first owned by the

pos: Château Lynch-Bages Château Lynch-Bages Château Lynch-Bages is a winery in the Pauillac appellation of the Bordeaux region of France. Château Lynch-Bages is also the name of the red wine produced by this property. The wine produced here was classified as one of eighteen "Cinquièmes Crus" (Fifth Growths) in the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. Thomas Lynch was a descendant of the Tribes of Galway. His father John emigrated in 1691 from Galway, Ireland to Bordeaux, inherited an estate in the village of Bages through his wife, Elizabeth, in 1749. This year represents the foundation of Château Lynch-Bages, which Thomas passed on

pos: Château Saint-Pierre Château Saint-Pierre Château Saint-Pierre is a winery in the Saint-Julien appellation of the Bordeaux region of France. The wine produced here was classified as one of ten "Quatrièmes Crus Classés" (Fourth Growths) in the historic Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. There is another Château Saint Pierre at Toutens in the Lauragais 30 km east of Toulouse, which dates from the 18th century and is one of the château of the froment. Originally owned by the De Cheverry family, from at least 1693 according to archives and under the name Serançan, the estate was renamed near the end of the

pos: Château Langoa-Barton Château Langoa-Barton Château Langoa-Barton (archaically named Pontet Langlois) is a winery in the Saint-Julien appellation of the Bordeaux region of France. Château Langoa-Barton is also the name of the red wine produced by this property. The wine produced here was classified as one of fourteen "Troisièmes Crus" (Third Growths) in the historic Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. Château Langoa-Barton was purchased by Irishman Hugh Barton in 1821 and has remained in the Barton family since. In 1983, Anthony Barton took over ownership and administration of the estate. Located in the center of the appellation along the banks of the

pos: Château Grand-Puy-Ducasse which was the origin of the name. Château Grand-Puy-Ducasse Château Grand-Puy-Ducasse is a winery in the Pauillac appellation of the Bordeaux region of France. The wine produced here was classified as one of eighteen "Cinquièmes Crus" (Fifth Growths) in the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. It has been owned by Crédit Agricole since 2004. This winery shares a part of its name with Château Grand-Puy-Lacoste. "Grand Puy" is the name of a low gravelly hill which used to be owned in its entirety by the same estate. Parts of the vineyards on this hill were sold in 1750 to

pos: Château La Lagune substantial but not majority shareholders of Billecart-Salmon, the producer in Mareuil-sur-Aÿ. Located in the commune of Ludon, La Lagune has under vine with a grape variety distribution of 60% Cabernet Sauvignon, 20% Merlot, 10% Cabernet Franc, and 10% Petit Verdot. Château La Lagune Château La Lagune is a winery in the Haut-Médoc appellation of the Bordeaux region of France. The wine produced here was classified as one of fourteen "Troisièmes Crus" (Third Growths) in the historic Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. Rescued from dereliction in 1954 by Georges Brunet, La Lagune was subsequently sold to the Ducellier family of

pos: Château Mouton Rothschild Château Mouton Rothschild Château Mouton Rothschild is a wine estate located in the village of Pauillac in the Médoc region, 50 km (30 mi) north-west of the city of Bordeaux, France. Originally known as "Château Brane-Mouton", its red wine was renamed by Nathaniel de Rothschild in 1853 to "Château Mouton Rothschild". In the 1920s it began the practice of bottling the harvest at the estate itself, rather than shipping the wine to merchants for bottling elsewhere. The branch of the Rothschild family owning Mouton Rothschild are members of the Primum Familiae Vini. The Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855 was

pos: Château Ferrière Château Ferrière Château Ferrière is a winery in the Margaux appellation of the Bordeaux region of France. The wine produced here was classified as one of fourteen "Troisièmes Crus" (Third Growths) in the historic Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. The Château has planted with Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Cabernet Franc. A second wine is produced under the label "Les Remparts de Ferriere". The estate is run by Claire Villars-Lurton, manager of Château Haut-Bages-Liberal and Château La Gurge, and wife of Gonzague Lurton, owner of Château Durfort-Vivens. The estate’s name comes from its founder, Gabriel FERRIERE, who was a royal

pos: Château Léoville-Las Cases egg whites and bottled. The average annual production is 180,000 to 200,000 bottles for the "Grand Vin", and 250,000 to 270,000 bottles for the second wine, Clos du Marquis. Château Léoville-Las Cases Château Léoville-Las Cases is a winery in the Saint-Julien appellation of the Bordeaux region of France. Château Léoville-Las Cases is also the name of the red wine produced by this property. The wine produced here was classified as one of fifteen "Deuxièmes Crus" (Second Growths) in the original Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. Léoville-Las Cases was one of the first estates in Bordeaux to introduce a second

neg: Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855 their commune (village), and their AOC in parenthesis, if different from the commune. The 19th-century names appear as listed by the brokers on April 18, 1855, followed by the modern names, as the use of "second cru" for red wines and "deuxième cru" for white wines. [Barsac estates may be labelled with the appellation Barsac or Sauternes.] a. The only classified estate situated in Graves rather than Médoc. b. Listed as Second Growth in 1855, elevated to First Growth in 1973. c. Dissolved in 1960. d. Added in 1856. Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855 The Bordeaux Wine Official Classification

neg: Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855 châteaux and the 1855 establishment's political muscle are considered among the reasons. In March 2009, the British wine exchange Liv-ex released The Liv-ex Bordeaux Classification, a modern re-calculation of the 1855 classification, with an aim to apply the original method to the contemporary economical context. Many of the leading estates from the Médoc appellation that were not included in the 1855 classification are classified as "Cru Bourgeois", a classification system that has been updated on a regular basis since 1932, banned in 2007, but reinstated in 2010. In French "Les Grands Crus classés en 1855". The estates are listed with

neg: First Growth World War the omission of wines of Graves from the official classification was having a negative effect on the price and desirability of wines from the region. To improve marketing the region announced in 1953 its own classification of red wines and one white wine, with more white wines added in 1959. Sixteen wines were given special classification. Missing from the 1855 list, the Bordeaux region of Saint-Émilion offered its own classification in 1955 to improve market demand and prices. The Classification of Saint-Émilion wine differs from the 1855 list in that it is updated approximately every ten years based

neg: Graves (wine region) Classification of 1855, only one Graves property, Château Haut-Brion, one of the four original First growths, was included among the red wines, with all the rest being Médoc properties. All the sweet wines of the 1855 classification were from Sauternes, which is a part of Graves. A classification of Graves wine was carried out in 1953 for its red wine producers. Dry white wines were included in an updated 1959 classification. In 1987, the part of Graves containing most of the producers of its most expensive wines, closest to the city Bordeaux itself, created a separate AOC under the name

neg: Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855 without any reclassification, and considerable plots of valued "terroir" have changed ownership. Indeed, it is a peculiarity of Bordeaux that as long as a vineyard parcel lies within the boundaries of the wine commune, it is eligible to be used by any chateau, independent of the quality of the parcel itself. Many wine critics have argued that the 1855 Classification became outdated and does not provide an accurate guide to the quality of the wines being made on each estate. Several proposals have been made for changes to the classification, and a bid for a revision was unsuccessfully attempted in

neg: Classification of Saint-Émilion wine Classification of Saint-Émilion wine In 1955 the wines of Saint-Émilion in the wine-growing region of Bordeaux were classified. Unlike the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855 covering wines from the Médoc and Graves regions, the Saint-Émilion list is updated every 10 years or so. Following the initial classification, the list was updated in 1969, 1986, 1996 and most recently in 2006. However the 2006 classification was declared invalid following a series of legal actions, and the 1996 version of the classification has been reinstated for the vintages from 2006 to 2009. The region's "Syndicat Viticole" started planning for a classification

neg: Château d'Arche Château d'Arche Château d'Arche is a sweet white wine ranked as Second Cru Classé (French, “Second Growth”) in the original Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. Belonging to the Sauternes appellation in Gironde, in the region of Graves, the winery is located in the commune of Sauternes. One of three estates within the Sauternes commune that was rated second growth in the Classification of 1855, situated on a favourable ridge location, Château d'Arche is named for the Comte d'Arche, owner of the estate from 1733 to 1789. Under Comte d'Arche the estate held a high reputation, and its placement in

neg: Bordeaux wine the subregions and two white based on sweetness: The vast majority of Bordeaux wine is red, with red wine production outnumbering white wine production six to one. There are four different classifications of Bordeaux, covering different parts of the region: The 1855 classification system was made at the request of Emperor Napoleon III for the Exposition Universelle de Paris. This came to be known as the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855, which ranked the wines into five categories according to price. The first growth red wines (four from Médoc and one, Château Haut-Brion, from Graves), are among the most

neg: Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855 Château Mouton Rothschild was elevated from a second growth to a first growth vineyard after decades of intense lobbying by the powerful Philippe de Rothschild. A third, but less known "change", is the removal of Château Dubignon, a third growth from Margaux that was absorbed into the estate Château Malescot St. Exupéry. A superficial change is that since 1855, when only five of the estates were styled with the word "château" in their name, most Bordeaux wine estates now use this nomenclature. As a classification of châteaux, the actual vineyards owned by some wineries have expanded, shrunk and been divided

neg: Château Sigalas-Rabaud Château Sigalas-Rabaud Château Sigalas-Rabaud, previously also named Château Rabaud-Sigalas, is a Bordeaux wine producer in the Sauternes appellation. Its sweet white wine ranked as Premier Cru Classé (French, “First Growth”) in the original Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. It is located in the commune of Bommes in the region of Graves. It was once joined with Château Rabaud-Promis in the estate named Château Rabaud. With only , Château Sigalas-Rabaud is the smallest of all "crus classés" of the 1855 classification. The history of the Rabaud estate goes back to 1660, when it came into the ownership of the de

neg: Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855 for one: Château Haut-Brion from Graves. The white wines, then of much less importance than red wine, were limited to the sweet varieties of Sauternes and Barsac and were ranked only from superior first growth to second growth. Within each category, the various châteaux are ranked in order of quality and only twice since the 1855 classification has there been a change: first when in 1856 Cantemerle was added as a fifth growth (having either been originally omitted by oversight or added as an afterthought, depending on which of the conflicting accounts is correct) and, more significantly, in 1973, when

neg: Langton's Classification of Australian Wine the Bordeaux Classification of 1855", but with its regular reclassifications it is more similar to the Classification of Saint-Émilion wine, although with several differences: no official governmental recognition, a much wider geographic scope, and with several different wine styles classified using the same categories. "Langton's Classification of Distinguished Australian Wine II" was published in 1996, and included 64 wines in four categories: Outstanding A (three wines), Outstanding, Excellent A, and Excellent. "Langton's Classification of Australian Wine III" was published in 2000, and included 89 wines in the four categories also used for classifications IV and V; Exceptional (seven wines), Outstanding,

neg: Nathaniel de Rothschild Gironde département from a Paris banker named Thuret who had previously bought it from Baron Hector de Branne in 1830. Rothschild paid 1,175,000 francs for Brane-Mouton's 65 acres (263,000 m²) of vineyards and renamed the estate, Château Mouton Rothschild. It would become one of the world's best known winemakers. In 1868, his uncle James acquired the neighboring Château Lafite vineyard. A prestigious first growth (premier cru) property more than three times the size of Chateau Mouton, it created a family rivalry. In the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855, Château Mouton was ranked second, something that upset its owner a

neg: Alexis Lichine's classification of Bordeaux wine Alexis Lichine's classification of Bordeaux wine In considering the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855, Alexis Lichine held the opinion that the list, some hundred years after the selection was made, no longer expressed the whole truth concerning the ranking of Bordeaux wine. Working for a reevaluation and change of structure of the classification of Bordeaux estates, he ended up spending much of his professional life on a campaign that lasted more than thirty years to accomplish a revision. Having published his Classification des Grands Crus Rouges de Bordeaux in 1962, with several revisions over the following years, Lichine came

neg: David Peppercorn Bordeaux", "The Simon & Schuster Pocket Guide to the Wines of Bordeaux", "Mouton-Rothschild 1945, The Wine To End All Wars" and "Great Vineyards and Winemakers". Frank J. Prial, wine columnist for "The New York Times", called Peppercorn "one of England's foremost authorities on Bordeaux". He is a noted critic of the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855 and the vested interest in the classifications. In his writings on Bordeaux wine estates, Peppercorn regularly focuses on estates that were excluded from the 1855 classification, and maintains that omitted estate Château La Mission Haut-Brion's consistent performance over the last century justifies its

neg: Hunter Valley wine By the 1860s, plantings began to move further south and west towards the foothills of the Brokenback range near Pokolbin and Rothbury where many of the most highly esteemed vineyards of the Hunter are now found. In the mid 19th century, wines from the Hunter Valley began to garner international acclaim. In 1855, at the Paris Exhibition (notable in wine history for the unveiling of the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification), Hunter Valley wines won numerous awards from tasting panel judges. In the official report for the exhibition, the judges wrote ""The [Hunter Valley's] wines included white wine akin to those

neg: Classification of Graves wine Classification of Graves wine The wines of Graves in the wine-growing region of Bordeaux were classified in 1953 by a jury appointed by Institute National des Appellations d'Origine, and approved by the Minister of Agriculture in August of that year. The selection was revised with a few additions in February 1959. The classification concerns both red and white wines, and all chateaux belong to the appellation Pessac-Léognan, which eventually came into effect on September 9, 1987. a. Also rated as a "Premier Cru" in the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. b. Château La Tour Haut-Brion was discontinued after the

neg: Classification of Graves wine 2005 vintage. Classification of Graves wine The wines of Graves in the wine-growing region of Bordeaux were classified in 1953 by a jury appointed by Institute National des Appellations d'Origine, and approved by the Minister of Agriculture in August of that year. The selection was revised with a few additions in February 1959. The classification concerns both red and white wines, and all chateaux belong to the appellation Pessac-Léognan, which eventually came into effect on September 9, 1987. a. Also rated as a "Premier Cru" in the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. b. Château La Tour Haut-Brion was discontinued

neg: The Liv-ex Bordeaux Classification The Liv-ex Bordeaux Classification The Liv-ex Bordeaux Classification is a classification of Bordeaux wine compiled by the British internet and phone-based wine exchange, London International Vintners Exchange (Liv-ex) in March 2009, with an aim to recreate the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855 in a modern economic context, 154 years after the original compilation. Two years later, the market has shifted and the classification has been updated to reflect current trading conditions in 2011. Based entirely on the level of prices, with the criteria of wines to be from the Left Bank (including Pessac-Leognan) and be produced in quantities of

neg: Burgundy wine An early author on this aspect of Burgundy wines was Denis Morelot with his "La Vigne et le Vin en Côte d'Or" from 1831. In 1855, the same year as the famous Bordeaux Wine Official Classification was launched, Dr. Jules Lavalle published an influential book, "Histoire et Statistique de la Vigne de Grands Vins de la Côte-d'Or", which included an unofficial classification of the Burgundy vineyards in five classes and which built on Morelot's book. In decreasing order, Lavalle's five classes were "hors ligne", "tête de cuvée", "1 cuvée", "2 cuvée" and "3 cuvée". Lavalle's classification was formalized in modified

neg: Bordeaux wine regions all the producers within a given area: rather, only the producers (universally known as "châteaux", although not usually possessing the architectural grandeur that might imply) perceived as being of an unusually high standard are included in the classification. The châteaux included in the classification are referred to as "classed" or "classé", and those not included are referred to as "unclassed". Some classifications sub-divide the classed châteaux, according to the perceived quality. On the Left Bank, the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855 is the starting point for classification. Although this purports to be a classification of all Bordeaux wine, it

neg: Classification of wine of signatories to the agreement expanded in March 2007 when Sonoma County, Paso Robles, Chianti Classico, Tokay, Victoria, Australia and Western Australia signed the Declaration at a ceremony in Washington, DC. Many regional wine classifications exist as part of tradition or appellation law. The most common of these is based on vineyard sites and include the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855, though some regions classify their wines based on the style like the German wine classification system. Vineyard classification has a long history dating from some early examples in Jurançon in the 14th century, in 1644 when the council

neg: Bordeaux wine expensive wines in the world. The first growths are: At the same time, the sweet white wines of Sauternes and Barsac were classified into three categories, with only Château d'Yquem being classified as a superior first growth. In 1955, St. Émilion AOC were classified into three categories, the highest being "Premier Grand Cru Classé A" with two members: In the 2012 classification, two more Châteaux became members: There is no official classification applied to Pomerol. However some Pomerol wines, notably Château Pétrus and Château Le Pin, are often considered as being equivalent to the first growths of the 1855 classification,

neg: Château Cantemerle wine had been erroneously questioned since it was not included in the first publication of the classification, nor was it shown on the map that was displayed at the 1855 Exposition Universelle de Paris. It has in fact been included in all listings dated after September 16, 1855. This was the result of an intense lobbying effort by Caroline de Villeneuve-Durfort who had supplied documentation to the brokers originally responsible for the price-based 1855 classification. Hence, its entry in the classification today is often accompanied by an asterisk denoting the only change in the classification that had occurred in more

neg: Château d'Angludet of standards, and d'Angludet was not mentioned in any of the early classifications of the 1820s, nor in "Cocks & Féret" of 1846. Omitted for classification in Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855, David Peppercorn describes the coverage in the 1874 "Féret" documents as "a melancholy state of affairs". With two of the four portions bought by Paul Promis in the late 19th century, there was the start of a revival, under the name Domaine d'Angludet, and under Jules Jadouin in 1891 the former estate was reunited exactly a century after its division, eventually along with a reestablished reputation of

neg: Alexis Lichine the wine industry that professional wine tasting rooms were set up for the general public. In 1953 he purchased parcels in Latricieres in Chambertin and Bonnes Mares in Chambolle-Musigny. In 1955 Alexis Lichine married Gisele Edenbourgh. Their first child Alexandra was born in 1957. Their second child Alexis Andrew Serge (Sacha) was born in 1960. In 1959 Lichine was a member of a committee that unsuccessfully launched a bid to revise the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. Undeterred, Lichine published his own "Classification des Grands Crus Rouges de Bordeaux" in 1962 and made several revisions in the following years

neg: New South Wales wine varieties to the land. By the mid 19th century, the wine industry of New South Wales was thriving. In 1855, a sparkling wine from the region was featured at the Paris Exposition Universelle, the same exposition that introduced the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. The wine was well received and won the honour of being served during the event's closing ceremonies at the state banquet of Napoleon III. Any grape grown in New South Wales can be included in wine produced under the "Southeastern Australia" appellation which also includes grapes grown in Victoria, Tasmania and parts of Queensland and

neg: Robert M. Parker Jr. they give him. He, and others, have said that it is the obscurity, corruption, and other problems of the appellation system that made his consumer-oriented approach necessary. For example, the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855 was based entirely upon the château's reputation and trading price in 1855. However, since then many châteaux have sold much of their vineyards; others have bought additional vineyards far away. The original winemakers are long dead. Parker says that this state of affairs was responsible for creating an injustice for consumers, causing mediocre wine to be sold at too high a price, and good

neg: Henri Martin (winemaker) more than three centuries. Martin served as president of CIVB from 1956 to the mid 60s, was a co-founder and leader of the "Commanderie de Bordeaux", and was a leading figure in "Le Bontemps du Médoc". He was also a vocal opponent of the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. Martin built his own estate Château Gloria from the ground, with no historical reputation or other advantages such as applying for the "Cru bourgeois" classification, although by acquiring desirable vineyards from classed "crus", to become one of Saint-Julien's best-known properties, within the space of a generation. The process began in

neg: Château Filhot Sauvignon blanc and 4% Muscadelle. Their annual production is an average of 6500 cases. The second wine is called Chateau Pineau du Rey. Château Filhot Château Filhot, archaically named Maison Noble de Verdoulet, is a winery rated "Deuxième cru classé" (French, “Second Growth”) in the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855, from the Sauternes appellation in Gironde. Considered by some unjustly omitted from the "Premier cru" classification, Filhot produces a drier wine than Château d'Yquem, with an unusually high alcohol content for a Sauternes. The vineyard dating from the 1630s, the château was founded by Romain de Filhot in 1709.

neg: Château Filhot Château Filhot Château Filhot, archaically named Maison Noble de Verdoulet, is a winery rated "Deuxième cru classé" (French, “Second Growth”) in the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855, from the Sauternes appellation in Gironde. Considered by some unjustly omitted from the "Premier cru" classification, Filhot produces a drier wine than Château d'Yquem, with an unusually high alcohol content for a Sauternes. The vineyard dating from the 1630s, the château was founded by Romain de Filhot in 1709. Following the French revolution, the estate was taken over by Romain-Bertrand de Lur-Saluces who added the estate of Pinaud du Rey and had

neg: Château Raymond-Lafon During the period of the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855, the vineyards extended and were located in the middle of several classified growths, but the vines were only five years old at the time, deemed premature for classification. Raymond-Lafon is therefore unclassified, and to date not included at the annual UGC "en primeur" tastings. After a succession of owners, the estate came to be in a state of disrepair until it was purchased in 1972 by Pierre Meslier, "regisseur" (technical director) of Château d’Yquem from 1963 to 1989. Meslier applied the techniques of d'Yquem and the resulting product became

neg: Cru (wine) work of the Cistercians with the Catholic Church being the principal vineyard owner for most of the Middle Ages. Receiving land and vineyards as tithes, endowments and as exchanges for indulgences the monks were able to studiously observe the quality of wines from individual plots and over time began to isolate those areas that would consistently produce wine of similar aroma, body, color and vigor and designate them as "crus". Following the success of the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855, Jules Lavalle developed an informal classification of vineyards of the Côte d'Or in his book "History and Statistics of

neg: Côte de Nuits in plantings of white grape varieties, like Chardonnay and Fromenteau. White grapes continue to be found scattered throughout the area, including a notable white Chambertain, until the mid 19th century when nearly all premier and Grand cru vineyards became completely dedicated to pinot noir. Following the success of the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855 at the Paris Exposition Universelle, the Comité d'Agriculture de Beaune tasked Dr. Jules Lavalle with coming up with a similar classification of the vineyards of the Côte de Nuits and Côte de Beaune for the 1862 International Exhibition in London. The history of the "tête

neg: The Liv-ex Bordeaux Classification than the commodity or product deserves from a controlled agricultural market. What is interesting about the original 1855 Classification is that it represents trailing average prices for Bordeaux ecosystems and subsystems. In summary, the 1855 Classification is something of an economic museum; and reflects valuations without modern marketing attempts to influence the market economy. Changes to the original classification might be warranted to reflect changes in the physical environmental factors in Bordeaux. The Liv-ex Bordeaux Classification The Liv-ex Bordeaux Classification is a classification of Bordeaux wine compiled by the British internet and phone-based wine exchange, London International Vintners Exchange (Liv-ex)

neg: Médoc AOC have historically enjoyed a reputation level to communes of the northern Haut-Médoc. Predominantly an area of cooperatives today, none of the estates were included in the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855, although several have been included in the (eventually discontinued) classification Cru Bourgeois. The area covers approximately 5,700 hectares of declared vineyards, constituting 34.5% of the Médoc total, annually producing on average 300,000 hectolitres of wine. The soils are Garonne gravel, Pyrenees gravel and clayey limestone with extreme variation in character. There are frequent areas of heavy, clay-rich, moisture-retentive soils better suited for cultivation of the Merlot grape than

neg: Alexis Lichine's classification of Bordeaux wine by those rated Fifth Growth or "Cru Bourgeois", and addressing the 1855 classification's neglect of properties from other areas than Médoc, namely those of Graves, Saint-Émilion and Pomerol. Attempting to bring these areas together under one classification was considered unique to the Lichine rating. Lichine also believed that no classification could be planned for a shorter span than 25–50 years since frequent changes would create consumer confusion and loss of public confidence, but saw the 1855 classification as evidence that no ruling can remain valid indefinitely. Lichine was convinced that rankings of "first", "second", etc. were a mistake that should

neg: Alexis Lichine's classification of Bordeaux wine resolve a matter of this complexity. After two years of efforts, the Bordeaux Chamber of Commerce and "Académie des Vins de Bordeaux" also became involved in the debate surrounding the reforms. Recognising that the process would take a great deal of time, Lichine decided to publish his own classification. In agreement with the committee, Lichine believed that, just as the principal philosophy behind the 1855 classification, "price" would be the most reliable indicator, but a revision could not let the transfer of first-rate soil go unchallenged. It was also important to identify cases where highly classified estates had become surpassed

neg: Irish Film Classification Office Irish Film Classification Office The Irish Film Classification Office (IFCO) () is the organisation responsible for films, television programmes, and some video game classification and censorship within Ireland. Where restrictions are placed by the IFCO, they are legally binding. Prior to 21 July 2008, the office was branded as the "Irish Film Censor's Office", and was previously known as simply the "Film Censor's Office", or, in legal references, the office of the "Official Censor of Films", which was the official title of the head of the office prior to that date. The head of the office is the Director of

neg: History of Tampa, Florida In 1855 the first official law enforcement position created was City Marshall. Tampa was reincorporated as a town on December 15, 1855, and Judge Joseph B. Lancaster became the first Mayor in 1856. Evidence of the young community's growth was seen as its first churches appeared. Tampa's first church was established by a Methodist congregation in 1846. The Methodists were followed by the Baptists, who organized the First Baptist Church of Tampa in 1859, and the Catholics, who founded a parish in Tampa the following year. Seminole chief Billy Bowlegs attacked the whites at Fort Myers in late 1855 triggering

neg: T38 (classification) movements that normally would disqualify them as a false start. If an official believes movement could be a result of this, they can restart the entire field without disqualifying and runners. The classification was created by the International Paralympic Committee and has roots in a 2003 attempt to address "the overall objective to support and co-ordinate the ongoing development of accurate, reliable, consistent and credible sport focused classification systems and their implementation." For the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio, the International Paralympic Committee had a zero classification at the Games policy. This policy was put into place in 2014, with

neg: Château Rieussec Château Rieussec Château Rieussec is a sweet white wine ranked as Premier Cru Classé (French, “First Growth”) in the original Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. Belonging to the Sauternes appellation in Gironde, in the region of Graves, the winery is located in the commune of Fargues. The Rieussec estate was the property of the monks of Carmes de Langon in the 18th century. Following the French revolution, church property was confiscated by the state and auctioned off. In about 1790, Rieussec was bought in this fashion by a Mr. Marheilhac, who at this time was also the owner of

neg: Château Rieussec 6 000 cases Château Rieussec. There was no production in 1993 and half the average production in 2000. Château Rieussec Château Rieussec is a sweet white wine ranked as Premier Cru Classé (French, “First Growth”) in the original Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. Belonging to the Sauternes appellation in Gironde, in the region of Graves, the winery is located in the commune of Fargues. The Rieussec estate was the property of the monks of Carmes de Langon in the 18th century. Following the French revolution, church property was confiscated by the state and auctioned off. In about 1790, Rieussec

neg: Château Lanessan on January 15, 1310 to Sieur de Blaignan. It was acquired in 1793 by Jean Delbos, previously a ship owner. In the 19th century Lanessan (then named Dubosqc) was listed as a "Quatrieme cru" by Lawton in 1815 and received highly favourable mentions in "Cocks & Féret". Following a decision by Jean Delbos' son Louis, Lanessan did not to submit samples to the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855, in the belief that the World's Fair ranking would add nothing to the estate's already sound reputation, and that the selection amounted to "bureaucratic nonsense". In 1858 the cellarmaster of Château

neg: T47 (classification) prosthesis landed. If prosthesis falls off outside the landing zone nearer the board than where athlete landed, the jump counts as a foul. The classification was created by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) and has roots in a 2003 attempt to address "the overall objective to support and co-ordinate the ongoing development of accurate, reliable, consistent and credible sport focused classification systems and their implementation." T47 was created in 2013 as an additional classification to the T45 and T46 classifications for competitors whose primary impairments are in the upper limbs. For the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro, the

neg: François-Louis Henry reine" on 3 February 1846, Xavier Boisselot's 3-act "Ne touchez pas à la reine!" on 16 January 1847, Halévy's 3-act "Le val d'Andorre" on 11 November 1848, and Armand Limnander's 3-act "Les Monténégrins" on 31 March 1849. Henry's farewell performance was in 1850 (after his official retirement), when he performed Fortunatus in Auber's "L'ambassadrice". He died in Paris. Notes Sources François-Louis Henry François-Louis(-Ferdinand) Henry (12 May 1786 – 22 February 1855) was a French baritone, who sang for about 35 years with the Opéra-Comique in Paris, where he created numerous leading roles. His stage name was Henri (or Henry). He

neg: Château Romer Château Romer Château Romer is a sweet white wine ranked as Second Cru Classé (French, “Second Growth”) in the original Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. Belonging to the Sauternes appellation in Gironde, in the region of Graves, the estate is located in the commune of Fargues de Langon. The wine estate was probably founded already in the 17th century by the Montalier family, and shares its early history with that of Château Romer du Hayot. In the year 1800, Ferdinand Auguste de Lur-Saluces married a descendant of the founders, Marie Thérèse Gabrielle de Montalier, which for a time made

neg: Château d'Yquem Château d'Yquem Château d'Yquem () is a "Premier Cru Supérieur" (Fr: "Superior First Growth") wine from the Sauternes, Gironde region in the southern part of the Bordeaux vineyards known as Graves. In the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855, Château d'Yquem was the only Sauternes given this rating, indicating its perceived superiority and higher prices over all other wines of its type. Yquem's success stems largely from the site's susceptibility to attack by "noble rot" (a particular kind of infestation by "Botrytis cinerea"). Wines from Château d'Yquem are characterised by their complexity, concentration and sweetness, which is balanced by relatively

neg: Château d'Yquem are produced each year. In a poor vintage, the entire crop is deemed unworthy of bearing the Château's name and sold anonymously; this happened nine times in the 20th century: 1910, 1915, 1930, 1951, 1952, 1964, 1972, 1974, and 1992 and in the 21st century one time: 2012. Château d'Yquem Château d'Yquem () is a "Premier Cru Supérieur" (Fr: "Superior First Growth") wine from the Sauternes, Gironde region in the southern part of the Bordeaux vineyards known as Graves. In the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855, Château d'Yquem was the only Sauternes given this rating, indicating its perceived superiority

neg: Structural Classification of Proteins database is freely accessible on the internet. SCOP was created in 1994 in the Centre for Protein Engineering and the Laboratory of Molecular Biology. It was maintained by Alexey G. Murzin and his colleagues in the Centre for Protein Engineering until its closure in 2010 and subsequently at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, England. , the work on SCOP has been discontinued and the last official version of SCOP is 1.75 (released June 2009). The prototype of a new Structural Classification of Proteins 2 (SCOP2) database has been made publicly available. SCOP2 defines a new approach to the classification

neg: Château Rabaud-Promis Château Rabaud-Promis Château Rabaud-Promis is a Bordeaux wine producer in the Sauternes appellation. Its sweet white wine ranked as Premier Cru Classé (French, “First Growth”) in the original Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. It is located in the commune of Bommes in the region of Graves. It was once joined with Château Sigalas-Rabaud in the estate named Château Rabaud. The history of the Rabaud estate goes back to 1660, when it came into the ownership of the de Cazeau family, who were magistrates of the parliament of Bordeaux. The last de Cazeau owner, who was also mayor of Bommes,