query: what is the legal age of consent in the state of michigan

pos: Ages of consent in the United States it illegal for a teacher and a "minor" student defined as "at least sixteen years old". The Washington State Supreme Court ruled that this policy affects all high school students up to 21 years of age, which under state law is the age cap for enrollment in high school. The age of consent in West Virginia is 16. § 61-8B-5. Sexual assault in the third degree. (a) A person is guilty of sexual assault in the third degree when: (2) The person, being sixteen years old or more, engages in sexual intercourse or sexual intrusion with another person who is

pos: Ages of consent in the United States Ages of consent in the United States In the United States, age of consent laws regarding sexual activity are made at the state level. There are several federal statutes related to protecting minors from sexual predators, but laws regarding specific age requirements for sexual consent are left to individual states, District of Columbia, and territories. Depending on the jurisdiction, the legal age of consent ranges from age 16 to age 18. In some places, civil and criminal laws within the same state conflict with each other. While the general age of consent is now set between 16 and 18 in

pos: Ages of consent in North America Ages of consent in North America In North America, the legal age of consent relating to sexual activity varies by jurisdiction. The age of consent in Canada is 16. As of August 2018, each U.S. state has set its age of consent at either age 16, age 17, or age 18. The age of consent in Mexico is complex. Typically, Mexican states have a "primary" age of consent (which may be as low as 12), and sexual conduct with persons below that age is always illegal. Sexual relations which occur between adults and teenagers under 18 are left in a

pos: Age of consent reform Southern India suggested that the age of consent should be raised from 16 to 18 in that state. Justice R. Basant said he considered "illogic(al)" that a legal system in which an age of 18 is used for other purposes – like the Indian Majority Act, the Contract Act, the Juvenile Justice Act, the Child Marriage Restraint Act and the Representation of People Act – has a different approach in the case of sexual consent. The age of consent in India was raised from 16 to 18 in 2012. Over the course of American history, the most commonly observed age

pos: Legal status of tattooing in the European Union of 15. You must be over 18 years of age to get a tattoo freely without parental consent. You need to have parental or guardian consent at the ages of 16 and 17. The legal age is 18. The age is 18 or 15 with consent of parents. The minimum age is 18. In the Netherlands, the age at which persons may decide for themselves to have a tattoo and piercing is 16 years. This age limit is suspended for earlobe piercing but pertains to all other areas. Informed consent forms, with information concerning health (including allergies) must be available

pos: Ages of consent in the United States life" and the perpetrator induces them. The age of consent in Michigan is 16 and there is no close-in-age exception, unless one is an authority figure in which case the age of consent is 18. 750.520d Criminal sexual conduct in the third degree; felony. Sec. 520d. (1) A person is guilty of criminal sexual conduct in the third degree if the person engages in sexual penetration with another person and if any of the following circumstances exist: (a) That other person is at least 13 years of age and under 16 years of age ... In March 2012 the Michigan

pos: Age of marriage in the United States Age of marriage in the United States The minimum age for marriage in the United States is set by each state. Unlike most Western countries, 18 of the U.S. states do not have a legal minimum age of marriage. Individuals aged 18 have the free ability to marry in the United States states, except in Nebraska (19) and Mississippi (21). In addition, no state, except Delaware and New Jersey, forbid minors to marry in certain circumstances, such as parental consent, judicial consent, pregnancy, or a combination of these situations. In half of the states, children under 16 can be married

pos: Ages of consent in South America Uruguay also has a "Corruption of minors" law, which can bring charges to those manipulating minors below the age of 18 into having sexual relations -. For ages over 15, however, a lawsuit can be initiated only by a minor or the minor's parents, except when the minor has no parents or legal guardian; or where the accusation is brought against a parent or legal guardian. The age of consent in Suriname is 16 (altered from 14 until 2009.) Although the legal age of sexual consent is 16 years old, it not enforced effectively. The marriage law sets the age

pos: Legal status of tattooing in the European Union but most tattoo parlours will refuse anyone under 18 No legislation found. 17 with parent's consent. Anyone the age of 18 or upwards does not need consent 14 or 15 in some parts of the country with parent's consent. 16, but most tattoo shops will refuse to tattoo you if you're under 18. There is no ilegal age for getting a tattoo in malta Legal status of tattooing in the European Union You may get a tattoo at the age of 17 with parental consent (this can be written) and without parental consent from the age of 18 upwards. In

pos: Child marriage are neither limited to developing countries, nor to state religion. In some countries a religious marriage by itself has legal validity, while in others it does not, as civil marriage is obligatory. For Catholics incorporated into the Latin Church, the 1983 Code of Canon Law sets the minimum age for a valid marriage at 16 for males and 14 for females. In 2015, Spain raised its minimum marriageable age to 18 (16 with court consent) from the previous 14. In Mexico, marriage under 18 is allowed with parental consent, from age 14 for girls and age 16 for boys. In

pos: Legal status of tattooing in the European Union Legal status of tattooing in the European Union You may get a tattoo at the age of 17 with parental consent (this can be written) and without parental consent from the age of 18 upwards. In Belgium, there is not a specific implementation decree regulating the sector of piercing and tattooing practices. No legislation exists. You may get a tattoo or piercing at the age of 16 with parental consent (parents must be present) and without parental consent from the age of 18 upwards. (tattooing or piercing of minors may vary depending on studios policy, some refuse to tattoo or

pos: Ages of consent in Africa there is no defined age of consent, although sex is not allowed outside of marriage. However, the law is practically never enforced due to the Libyan Civil War. Age of consent is 14 years, according to article 331 in the Criminal Law. In certain cases, including relatives and homosexuals, it is 21 years. The age of consent is 16 regardless of sexual orientation and/or gender. The age of consent is 18 regardless of sexual orientation and/or gender. The age of consent is 16. However, under section 306 of the Legal Code, any act that violates Islamic morality is illegal, but

pos: Legal status of tattooing in the European Union consent from parents) in France. You must be over 18 years of age to get a tattoo freely without parental consent. You need to have parental or guardian consent at the ages of 16 and 17. The minimum age is 18. Greek tattoo law only covers tattoos and not permanent make-up. Other key provisions (non exhaustive summary): No legislation found. "There is no legislation regulating body piercing and tattooing. As a result there is no legal minimum age at which you can get a body piercing or tattoo." However, many tattoo shops will refuse to tattoo anyone under the age

pos: Jailbait the legal age of consent varies by country and jurisdiction, the age at which a person can be considered "jailbait" varies. For example, in the United Kingdom, where the age of consent is 16, the term is used to refer to those younger than 16, whereas in some parts of the United States, where the age of consent is 18, the term would refer to those aged under 18. The frequent use of the term "jailbait" in popular culture has been linked to a greater understanding of age of consent laws among teenagers. Jailbait Jailbait or jail bait is slang

pos: Ages of consent in Europe limits. Most of the changes were implemented in 2017, although the age of consent remained 17. The age of consent in Italy is 14 years, with a close-in-age exception that allows those aged 13 to engage in sexual activity with partners who are under the age of 18, provided that the age gap between them is less than 3 years. The age of consent rises to 16 if one of the participants has some kind of influence on the other (e.g. teacher, tutor, adoptive parent, etc.). Not knowing that the victim is underage is not a legal defense, except when

pos: Ages of consent in Asia marriage below the minimum age, but it requires the consent of the legal guardian as well as the consent of the two persons to be married. Any kind of sexual activity outside marriage is illegal in Saudi Arabia. As of 2013, age of consent for marriage was expected to be set to 18, but this was opposed by the grand mufti. In 2013, no restrictions regarding age existed. The age of consent in Singapore is 16 for all opposite-sex activity and male and female same-sex sexual activity: "Section 140: (1) Any person who – (...) (i) has carnal connection with

pos: Sexual intercourse rapists male, and only about 5% of rapists are strangers to the victims. Most countries have age of consent laws which set the minimum legal age with whom an older person may engage in sexual intercourse, usually set at 16 to 18, but ranges from 12 to 20, years of age. In some societies, an age of consent is set by non-statutory custom or tradition. Sex with a person under the age of consent, regardless of their stated consent, is often considered sexual assault or statutory rape depending on differences in ages of the participants. Some countries treat any sex

pos: Ages of consent in Asia Korea is 15. Article 153 of the criminal law states that a man who has sexual intercourse with a girl under the age of 15 shall be "punished gravely." Sexual activity outside marriage is illegal in Oman. Sexual activity outside marriage is illegal in Pakistan. The normal minimum legal age for marriage is 18 for boys and 16 for girls. In the Gaza Strip, any kind of sexual activity outside marriage is illegal. The age of sexual consent is the same as in Jordanian Article 306 of the Penal Code. Consensual sex is legal at the age of 16 years.

pos: LGBT rights in the Bahamas LGBT rights in the Bahamas Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people in the Bahamas may face challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents. While same-sex sexual activity is legal in the Bahamas, same-sex couples are not eligible for the same legal protections available to heterosexual married couples. Same-sex relationships between consenting adults became legal in the Bahamas in 1991. However, the criminal code still requires a higher age of consent for homosexual acts. The legal age of consent to engage in sexual activity is 16 for straight couples and 18 for same-sex couples. The Bahamian Constitution provides various civil liberties,

pos: Party for Neighbourly Love, Freedom, and Diversity eliminate marriage in the law, permit public nudity anywhere in the country, make railway travel free, and institute a comprehensive animal rights platform. They were opposed to immigration and religious elementary schools. The PNVD sought to have the legal age of consent lowered to 12, and, in the long run, completely eliminated (except in dependent or intrafamilial relationships). They reason that only "coerced" or "dangerous" sexual activity should be punished. They also aimed to equalize the legal age where one can perform in pornography with the legal age of consent. Prostitution would be legal at the age of 16. The

pos: Age of Legal Capacity (Scotland) Act 1991 of a kind commonly entered into by persons of their age group, and on terms which are not unreasonable; 2) from age 12, make a Will, and are deemed to have capacity to instruct a lawyer to act on their behalf. The right to consent to an adoption was also subsequently inserted into this section by the Children (Scotland) Act 1995. In all other cases the legal Guardian of the under 16 has legal right to deal with all contractual and consent matters on the child's behalf. From age 16 a person has full legal capacity to enter into any

pos: Ages of consent in Africa a clear definition of morality does not exist in the country's laws, so it is very open to interpretation by local officials as to what is moral and what is not. Thus, many acts surrounding the age of consent could be considered illegal. The age of consent in Mauritius is 16 regardless of sexual orientation and/or gender. "Article 249" 'Rape, attempt upon chastity and illegal sexual intercourse' of the Penal Code: (...) Any person who has sexual intercourse with a female "'under the age of sixteen (16)", "even with consent", shall be liable to penal servitude not exceeding ten (10)

pos: LGBT rights in the Federated States of Micronesia United Nations, condemning violence and discrimination against LGBT people. Discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation has been illegal since 2018. Same-sex sexual activity is legal. The age of consent is 14, regardless of gender and sexual orientation. Marriage between same-sex couples is not permitted in the Federated States of Micronesia. The marriage laws in Kosrae state that a marriage performed in the state will only be valid if the male at the time of marriage is at least 18 years of age and the female at least 16 years of age. As such, marriage is conceptualised and permitted between

pos: Age of consent reform in Canada Age of consent reform in Canada Age of consent law in Canada refers to cultural and legal discussions in Canada regarding the age of consent, which was raised from 14 to 16 in May 2008 as part of the Tackling Violent Crime Act. This applies to all forms of sexual activity. In June 2006, the Canadian government proposed a bill to raise the age of consent from 14 to 16, while creating a close-in-age exemption for sex between 14–15 year olds and partners less than 5 years older, and keeping an existing close-in-age clause for sex between 12–13 year olds

pos: Ages of consent in Europe with a person under 18). In 2001, the law was amended to clarify the situation and confirm that the age of consent was 16 for all acts (only a person aged 18 or older can be punished for having sex with a 14–15 year old). The age of consent in Liechtenstein is 14. Sexual activity with 14–15 year olds is generally legal, but it can still be punished if sexual access to these children has been obtained by exploiting their lack of sexual self-determination. The age of consent in Lithuania is 16, as specified by the Lithuanian Criminal Code §151.1,

pos: Age of consent reform in Canada 14- and 15-year-olds: "When we deal with arbitrary cut-offs, we lose the flexibility to apply the law in a much more specific and individualized kind of way." Age of consent reform in Canada Age of consent law in Canada refers to cultural and legal discussions in Canada regarding the age of consent, which was raised from 14 to 16 in May 2008 as part of the Tackling Violent Crime Act. This applies to all forms of sexual activity. In June 2006, the Canadian government proposed a bill to raise the age of consent from 14 to 16, while creating a

pos: Virginity permitted to engage in sex, commonly called the age of consent. Social (and legal) attitudes toward the appropriate age of consent have drifted upwards in modern times. For example, while ages from 10 to 13 were typically acceptable in Western countries during the mid-19th century, the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century were marked by changing attitudes resulting in raising the ages of consent to ages generally ranging from 16 to 18. Today, the age of consent varies from 12 years (or onset of puberty) to 21, but 16 to 18 is the most

pos: Ages of consent in the United States close-in-age exemption for those within four years of age. However, sexual relations between people 18 or older and people under 18 are illegal if they are in a "significant relationship". According to the Code of the District of Columbia, a relationship is considered "significant" if one of the partners is: Each U.S. state has its own general age of consent. As of August 1, 2018, the age of consent in each state in the United States is either 16 years of age, 17 years of age, or 18 years of age. The most common age of consent is 16, which

pos: George Coe (Michigan politician) President, however Fremont lost to James Buchanan in the general election. Coe left office in 1859 at the age of fifty-eight, and resumed his legal practice. He died in Coldwater, Michigan on October 21, 1869, ten years after leaving office. He is interred in Oak Grove Cemetery in Coldwater. George Coe (Michigan politician) George Alonzo Coe (August 16, 1811 – October 21, 1869) was an American politician from the U.S. state of Michigan. He served as the 11th Lieutenant Governor of Michigan. Coe was born in Rush, New York and moved to Illinois at a young age. He was raised

pos: Ages of consent in North America age of consent, as does the District of Columbia. As of August 1, 2018, the age of consent in each state in the United States was either 16 years of age, 17 years of age, or 18 years of age. The most common age of consent is 16. The age of consent is 18. There is however a close-in-age exemption that allows minors 16 and 17 years old to consent with someone no more than five years older than themselves and minors 13 to 15 years old to consent with one another, but not with anyone 16 or over. Article

pos: Legal status of tattooing in the European Union and must be signed by the client. In the case of young adults under 16 years, a parent or guardian must sign. If they have signed but are not present with the client, the tattooist or piercer must verify their consent by telephone. Signed consent forms must be kept by the studio in a locked file for ten years. 18, or 16 with parental consent. . 18, or 16 with parental consent. The minimum without parental consent is 18. With parental consent you can get away at some salons from the age 14. (Parental supervision) Age 16 with parental concent

pos: Age of consent reform General Assembly of Georgia (USA) to raise the age of consent from 16 to 18. The bill failed, however. Georgia was the most notoriously resistant state to raising its age of consent in the early 1900s. Georgia's age of consent was 10 until 1918, and even then the age of consent was only raised to 14. Even after raising the age of consent in 1918, Georgia was still the only state in the United States to have an age of consent lower than 16. Georgia's age of consent remained at 14 until 1995, when a bill proposed by senator Steve

pos: Women in Trinidad and Tobago United States, is a law designed to prevent the prosecution of underage couples who engage in consensual sex when both participants are significantly close in age to each other, and one or both are below the age of consent. Depending on the situation, the Trinidad And Tobago close-in-age exemption may have completely exempted qualifying close-in-age couples from the age of consent law, or merely provided a legal defence that could have been used in the event of prosecution". The change in the age of consent from 16 to 18 created a need for the government to re-examine and change the

pos: Marriage in the United States with the exception of Nebraska (19) and Mississippi (21). In addition, all states, except Delaware, allow minors to marry in certain circumstances, such as parental consent, judicial consent, pregnancy, or a combination of these situations. Most states allow minors aged 16 and 17 to marry with parental consent alone. 30 states have set an absolute minimum age by statute, which varies between 13 and 18, while in 20 states there is no statutory minimum age if other legal conditions are met. In states with no set minimum age, the traditional common law minimum age is 14 for boys and 12

pos: Adolescent sexuality in the United States say. Each state has its own age of consent. Currently, state laws designate the age of consent as 16, 17, or 18, with more than half of the states designating 16 as the age limit. However, the five most populous states all have a higher age of consent (California: 18, Texas: 17, Florida: 18, New York: 17 and Illinois: 17). In some common law jurisdictions, statutory rape is sexual activity in which one person is below the age required to legally consent to the behavior. Although it usually refers to adults engaging in sex with minors under the age of

neg: Sexual Morality and the Law agreed that consent is a contractual notion. 'This notion of consent is a trap, in any case. What is sure is that the legal form of an intersexual consent is nonsense. No one signs a contract before making love', said Hocquenghem. The journalist Pierre Hahn asks twice about how to determine an age for consent: "Public opinion, including enlightened opinion such as that of the doctors of the Institute of Sexology ( L'Institut de Sexologie), asked at what age there can be said to be definite consent. It's a big problem. (...) If you were a legislator, you would fix

neg: Ages of consent in Africa According to the U.S. State Department, the Seychelles age of consent is "traditionally understood" to be 15 but that the country's statutes "fail to clearly define the ages of consent and legal majority"; according to the State Department this causes confusion in regards to the "traditionally understood" age of consent and the age of majority of 18 and therefore complicates enforcement of the law. The age of consent is 18 regardless of sexual orientation and/or gender, under the new Sexual Offenses Act 2012. Article 29 of the national constitution of Somalia defines a child as any individual under the age

neg: Age of consent reform activism in the past; only a few of these still exist today. In the United States, many states have adopted close-in-age exemptions. These laws, known as "Romeo and Juliet laws" provide that a person can legally have consensual sex with a minor provided that he or she is not more than a given number of years older, generally four years or less. Some Romeo and Juliet laws (such as the law in Michigan and Florida) do not make it legal for a person below the age of consent to have sex with a slightly older person, but may exempt the

neg: Ages of consent in North America if possible, allow the minor to indicate if prosecution is deemed desirable. Clipperton Island is an uninhabited nine-square-kilometre (approx. 3.5-square-mile) coral atoll in the eastern Pacific Ocean, a state private property under the direct authority of the French government, administered by the Minister of Overseas France. The laws of France where applicable apply. See Age of consent Europe#France. In Costa Rica under the "Penal Code of 2004", the age of consent is 18, regardless of sexual orientation and/or gender. The age of consent used to be 15, but it was increased in recent years after legal reform. The age of

neg: Child pornography laws in the United States age of consent for sexual activity in a given state is irrelevant; any depiction of a minor under 18 years of age engaging in sexually explicit conduct is illegal. Federal prosecutors have secured convictions carrying mandatory minimum sentence of 15 years of imprisonment for producing visual depictions of individuals above the legal age of consent but under the age of 18, even when there was no intent to distribute such content. The legal definition of sexually explicit conduct does not require that an image depict a child engaging in sexual activity. A picture of a naked child may constitute illegal

neg: Pedophilia the younger person is an adult of legal age, but is either considered too young in comparison to their older partner, or the older partner occupies a position of authority over them. Researchers state that the above uses of the term "pedophilia" are imprecise or suggest that they are best avoided. The Mayo Clinic states that "pedophilia" "is not a criminal or legal term". From the late 1950s to early 1990s, several pedophile membership organizations advocated age of consent reform to lower or abolish age of consent laws, as well as for the acceptance of pedophilia as a sexual orientation

neg: Tissue bank as soon as possible. The decision to accept or reject the donation will be made at that time. A body could be turned away if it has already begun decomposing, the person was extremely obese, recent surgery was conducted, thoughts of possible contagious disease or severe trauma to the body occurred. There is no an age restriction as long as the donor or the donor’s legal representative gives consent. It is very uncommon for a school to turn down a body due to having an adequate supply; they are always in high demand. At Michigan State University people can choose

neg: Age of marriage in the United States the state set a minimum age of 17 in 2018. Age of marriage in the United States The minimum age for marriage in the United States is set by each state. Unlike most Western countries, 18 of the U.S. states do not have a legal minimum age of marriage. Individuals aged 18 have the free ability to marry in the United States states, except in Nebraska (19) and Mississippi (21). In addition, no state, except Delaware and New Jersey, forbid minors to marry in certain circumstances, such as parental consent, judicial consent, pregnancy, or a combination of these situations. In

neg: Laws regarding child sexual abuse Laws regarding child sexual abuse Laws against child sexual abuse vary by country based on the local definition of who a child is and what constitutes child sexual abuse. Most countries in the world employ some form of age of consent, with sexual contact with an underage person being criminally penalized. As the age of consent to sexual behaviour varies from country to country, so too do definitions of child sexual abuse. An adult's sexual intercourse with a minor below the legal age of consent may sometimes be referred to as statutory rape, based on the principle that any apparent

neg: Ages of consent in the United States years older. Therefore, for example, it is legal for a 14-year-old male or female to engage in consensual sex with a person up to 18 years of age. Specifically, NJ state law details three circumstances of sexual assault under which the age of consent is pertinent. For aggravated sexual assault (a crime of the first degree), a person must have committed sexual penetration (that is, intercouse, oral or anal sex or something inserted) while either (1) the victim was under 13 or (2) the assailant exercised some legal or occupational authority over the victim who was between 13 and 15.

neg: Consent Consent Consent occurs when one person voluntarily agrees to the proposal or desires of another. It is a term of common speech, but may have more specific definitions in such fields as the law, medicine, research, and sexual relationships. Types of consent include implied consent, expressed consent, informed consent and unanimous consent. Consent as understood in specific contexts may differ from its everyday meaning. For example, a person with a mental disorder, a low mental age, or under the legal age of sexual consent may willingly engage in a sexual act that still fails to meet the legal threshold for

neg: Marriage in the United States Marriage in the United States Marriage in the United States is a legal, social, and religious institution. The legal recognition of marriage is regulated by individual states, each of which sets an "age of majority" at which individuals are free to enter into marriage solely on their own consent, as well as at what ages underage persons are able to marry with parental and/or judicial consent. Marriage laws have changed considerably during United States history, including the removal of bans on interracial marriage and same-sex marriage. In 2009, there were 2,077,000 marriages, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. The median

neg: Consent means yes" and affirmative models, such as Hall's definition: "the voluntary approval of what is done or proposed by another; permission; agreement in opinion or sentiment." Hickman and Muehlenhard state that consent should be "free verbal or nonverbal communication of a feeling of willingness' to engage in sexual activity." Affirmative consent may still be limited since the underlying, individual circumstances surrounding the consent cannot always be acknowledged in the "yes means yes", or in the "no means no", model. Some individuals are unable to give consent. Children or minors below a certain age, the age of sexual consent in that

neg: Age of consent films and images showing individuals under the age of 18, but above the age of consent, that meet the legal definition of child pornography are prohibited despite the fact that the sexual acts depicted are legal to engage in otherwise under that jurisdiction's age of consent laws. In those cases, it is only the filming of the sex act that is the crime as the act itself would not be considered a sex crime. For example, in the United States under federal law it is a crime to film minors below 18 in sexual acts, even in states where the

neg: Ages of consent in Europe the punishment is aggravated. Article 103 regulates any kind of sexual activity with minors under 15 (or minors under 18 who lack the ability to understand the legal meanings and consequences of such actions) as child sexual abuse. The Ottoman Empire, a predecessor state to the Republic of Turkey, decriminalized sodomy in 1858. The age of consent in Turkey was set at 15 for both heterosexual and homosexual sex in the 1926 penal code, but this was raised to 18 in 1953. The new penal code of 2004 also set the age of consent for both heterosexual and homosexual sex

neg: Adolescent sexuality that for heterosexual acts. The age-of-consent in a particular jurisdiction is typically the same as the age of majority or several years younger. The age at which one can legally marry is also sometimes different from the legal age-of-consent. Sexual relations with a person under the age-of-consent are generally a criminal offense in the jurisdiction in which the act was committed, with punishments ranging from token fines to life imprisonment. Many different terms exist for the charges laid and include statutory rape, illegal carnal knowledge, or corruption of a minor. In some cases, sexual activity with someone above the legal

neg: Age of consent in Brazil both heterosexual and homosexual activity between an adult older than 18 and a minor aged 14 or older or between two adolescents aged 12 and 17 are completely legal, if the older partner does not play an authority role over the minor. Age of consent in Brazil The age of consent in Brazil is 14, regardless of gender or sexual orientation, with a judicial precedent showing that a close-in-age exception that allows those aged 12 and 13 to engage in sexual activity with partners who are 5 years older or less is legal, although not constitutionally formalized. The age at

neg: Sex and the law injuries caused. "(See Consent (BDSM))" Other jurisdictions permit sadomasochistic conduct so long as the participants consent to the conduct. While the phrases "age of consent" or "statutory rape" typically do not appear in legal statutes, when used in relation to sexual activity, the age of consent is the minimum age at which a person is considered to be legally competent of consenting to engage in sexual acts. This should not be confused with the age of majority, age of criminal responsibility, or the marriageable age. The age of consent varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. The median seems to range from

neg: Age of consent The term "age of consent" rarely appears in legal statutes. Generally, a law will instead establish the age below which it is illegal to engage in sexual activity with that person. It has sometimes been used with other meanings, such as the age at which a person becomes competent to consent to marriage, but the meaning given above is the one now generally understood. It should not be confused with other laws regarding age minimums including, but not limited to, the age of majority, age of criminal responsibility, voting age, drinking age, and driving age. Age of consent laws vary

neg: Rights of mental health patients in New Zealand When a clinician is deciding whether or not to treat someone without their consent their application of the requirements to treat someone compulsorily may vary from their colleagues. Stephanie du Fresne argues Whilst section 2 is unclear as to what constitutes an "abnormal state of mind", the courts have found that this is a legal term that "measure the patient's mental state with reference to what is perceived as normal by the community". This definition allows for conditions that may be classified as a mental disorder by the medical profession (such as sexual dysfunction) to avoid legal definition that would

neg: Ages of consent in North America legal gray area: laws against corruption of minors as well as estupro laws can be applied to such acts, at the discretion of the prosecution. These laws are situational and are subject to interpretation. The ages of consent in the countries of Central America range from 14 to 18. The below is a list of all jurisdictions in North America as listed in List of sovereign states and dependent territories in North America. The age of consent is the age at or above which a person is considered to have the legal capacity to consent to sexual activity. Both partners

neg: Implied consent device must be properly certified and calibrated, evidential procedures must be followed, and it may be necessary to administer an "implied consent" warning to the suspect prior to testing. In most US jurisdictions, participation in a PBT test is voluntary; however for some violations, such as refusals by commercial drivers or by drivers under 21 years of age, some US jurisdictions may impose implied consent consequences for a PBT refusal. For example, the state of Michigan has a roadside PBT law that requires motorist a preliminary breath test; however, for non-commercial drivers Michigan's penalties are limited to a "civil infraction"

neg: Ages of consent in North America must be of legal age to give consent, although exceptions to the age of consent law exist in some jurisdictions when the minor and his or her partner are within a certain number of years in age or when a minor is married to his/her partner. Persons below the age of consent may not, by law, give consent, and sexual relations involving such persons may be punished by criminal sanctions similar to those for rape or sexual assault. Non-violent sexual contact with persons under the age of consent may be punished with varying degrees of severity, ranging from a misdemeanor

neg: Saginaw Township South, Michigan of those under age 18 and 6.7% of those age 65 or over. Saginaw Township South, Michigan Saginaw Township South is a census-designated place (CDP) in Saginaw County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The CDP is defined for statistical purposes and has no legal status as an incorporated municipality. The population was 13,801 at the 2000 census. The CDP is located within Saginaw Charter Township and consists of the township south of State St., while Saginaw Township North is most of the area north of State St. This division is purely for statistical purposes and does not reflect any

neg: Ages of consent in South America relating to these offenses (Articles 361 to 365) can be brought only after a complaint by the minor or the minor's parent, guardian or legal representative. Nevertheless, if the offended party cannot freely file the complaint and lacks a legal representative, parent of guardian, or if the legal representative, parent or guardian is involved in the crime, the Public Ministry may proceed by its own. In 1810, the age of consent for opposite-sex activity was 12. In 1999, the age of consent was set at 14 for both girls and boys in relation to heterosexual sex. Homosexual acts were decriminalized

neg: Lake Michigan Beach, Michigan the population were below the poverty line, including 1.7% of those under age 18 and 3.4% of those age 65 or over. Lake Michigan Beach, Michigan Lake Michigan Beach is an unincorporated community in Berrien County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is a census-designated place (CDP) for statistical purposes, without any legal status as a municipality. The population was 1,216 at the 2010 census. The community is in Hagar Township on the shore of Lake Michigan. The area is also known as Hagar Shores. Lake Michigan Beach was established in 1922. It was originally primarily a summer resort

neg: Sex and the law with age of consent laws, laws preventing the exposure of children to pornography, laws making it a crime for a child to be involved in (or exposed to) certain sexual behaviors, and the production and ownership of child pornography (sometimes including simulated images). In some countries such as the UK, the age for child pornography is higher than the age of consent, hence child pornography laws also cover images involving consenting adults. Sadomasochistic conduct among adults can fall into a legal grey area. Some jurisdictions criminalize some or all sadomasochistic acts, regardless of legal consent and impose liability for any

neg: Ages of consent in North America related to protecting minors from sexual predators, but none of them imposes an age limit on sexual acts. On 26 June 2003, both heterosexual and homosexual sodomy became legal in all U.S. states, territories, and the District of Columbia under the U.S. Supreme Court decision "Lawrence v. Texas" (between non-commercial, consenting adults in a private bedroom). In "State v. Limon" (2005), the Kansas Supreme Court used "Lawrence" as a precedent to overturn the state's "Romeo and Juliet" law, which proscribed lesser penalties for heterosexuals than homosexuals convicted of similar age of consent related offenses. Each U.S. state has its own

neg: Age disparity in sexual relationships If the much-younger target of affections is not of the legal age of consent, the term "jailbait" may be applied to them, with connotations cautioning against involvement. An older term for any licentious or lascivious man is a "lecher", and that term and its shortening of "lech" have become common to describe an elderly man who makes passes at much younger women. Age disparity in sexual relationships Age disparity in sexual relationships is the difference in ages of individuals in sexual relationships. Concepts of these relationships, including what defines an age disparity, have developed over time and vary among societies.

neg: Age of consent consent if affected by natural, induced or "age-related incapacity"." (see note 51) Sexual relations with a person under the age of consent is a crime in most countries, exceptions to this include, Yemen, and Saudi Arabia. Jurisdictions use a variety of terms for the offense, including "child sexual abuse", "statutory rape", "illegal carnal knowledge", "corruption of a minor", besides others. The enforcement practices of age-of-consent laws vary depending on the social sensibilities of the particular culture (see above). Often, enforcement is not exercised to the letter of the law, with legal action being taken only when a sufficiently socially-unacceptable age

neg: LGBT rights in the Bahamas noted as becoming increasingly gay-friendly. However, locals warn that homophobia is still a prominent social issue and recommend that tourists exercise discretion. LGBT rights in the Bahamas Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people in the Bahamas may face challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents. While same-sex sexual activity is legal in the Bahamas, same-sex couples are not eligible for the same legal protections available to heterosexual married couples. Same-sex relationships between consenting adults became legal in the Bahamas in 1991. However, the criminal code still requires a higher age of consent for homosexual acts. The legal age of consent

neg: Age of consent reform in Canada unclothed in a hotel room, where they were engaged in sexual activity; it was later determined that the two had also engaged in sexual intercourse the previous night. Police also discovered hundreds of pornographic images of children on a laptop computer that Beckham had brought with him from Texas. Beckham was arrested and held without bail. In Beckham's home state of Texas, the age of consent is 17 and violators can face prison terms of up to 10–20 years. In Canada, sexual activity with children as young as 14 (until May 2008) was legal as long as it was consensual

neg: Statutory rape consent to the act. In many jurisdictions, the age of consent is interpreted to mean mental or functional age. As a result, victims can be of any chronological age if their mental age makes them unable to consent to a sexual act. Other jurisdictions, such as Kentucky, eliminate the legal concept of "mental age" and treat sexting with a mentally incapacitated person as a specific crime. Consensual teenage sex is common in the United States. A 1995 study revealed that 50% of U.S. teenagers have had sexual intercourse by the age of sixteen. In fact, it is estimated that there

neg: Ages of consent in Europe a term between six months and five years. However, there is a close-in-age exemption of three years. Before the year 2013, the legal age of consent in Croatia was 14. Homosexual acts were illegal until 1977, when Croatia, then as a Yugoslav Federal Republic, changed its Penal Code. Age of consent was equalised in 1998. The age of consent for all sexual conduct in Cyprus under the 2002 "Criminal Code" is 17, regardless of sexual orientation or gender. Until 1998, homosexual acts between men were entirely forbidden under Section 171 (1929). In 1989, Alecos Modinos, president of the Cypriot Gay

neg: Consent into a relationship, however the legal system still deems this as incestual, and therefore a crime. Roffee argues that the use of particular language in the legislation regarding these familial sexual activities manipulates the reader to view it as immoral and criminal, even if all parties are consenting. Similarly, some children under the legal age of consent may knowingly and willingly choose to be in a sexual relationship. However the law does not view this as legitimate. Whilst there is a necessity for an age of consent, it does not allow for varying levels of awareness and maturity. Here it

neg: Sexual consent family members may voluntarily enter into a relationship, however the legal system still deems this as incestual, and therefore a crime. Roffee argues that the use of particular language in the legislation regarding these familial sexual activities manipulates the reader to view it as immoral and criminal, even if all parties are consenting. Similarly, some minors under the legal age of consent may knowingly and willingly choose to be in a sexual relationship. However, the law does not view this as legitimate. While there is a necessity for an age of consent, it does not allow for varying levels of

neg: Age of consent how birth dates in leap years are handled, or even the method by which birth date is calculated. The age of consent is a legal barrier to the minor's ability to consent and therefore obtaining consent is not in general a defense to having sexual relations with a person under the prescribed age, for example: A growing number of countries have specific extraterritorial legislation that prosecutes their citizens in their homeland should they engage in illicit sexual conduct in a foreign country with children. In 2008, ECPAT reported that 44 countries had extraterritorial child sex legislation. For example, PROTECT Act

neg: Age of consent in Brazil Age of consent in Brazil The age of consent in Brazil is 14, regardless of gender or sexual orientation, with a judicial precedent showing that a close-in-age exception that allows those aged 12 and 13 to engage in sexual activity with partners who are 5 years older or less is legal, although not constitutionally formalized. The age at which there are no restrictions for sexual activities is 18. In any case, only individuals aged 18 or older can be legally charged, as this is the Brazilian age of criminal responsibility according to the Constitution of Brazil. Sexual acts with children

neg: Gun laws in Michigan a private seller, but first must obtain a purchasing permit which is good for 30 days. At the age of 18 or up, it is legal to buy a pistol with a purchase license from a private seller, at the age of 21, it is legal to buy a firearm from a Federally licensed (FFL) dealer. No purchase license is required to purchase a long gun (a firearm that is more than 26 inches long) in Michigan. According to state law, a long gun may be purchased by anyone aged 18 or over who is not subject to restrictions based

neg: Child sexual abuse is outlawed nearly everywhere in the world, generally with severe criminal penalties, including in some jurisdictions, life imprisonment or capital punishment. An adult's sexual intercourse with someone below the legal age of consent is defined as statutory rape, based on the principle that a child is not capable of consent and that any apparent consent by a child is not considered to be legal consent. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) is an international treaty that legally obliges states to protect children's rights. Articles 34 and 35 of the CRC require states to protect children

neg: Maturity (psychological) legal ages. The age of majority, the most broadly applied legal threshold of adulthood, is typically characterized by recognition of control over oneself and one's actions and decisions. The most common age threshold is 18 years of age, with thresholds ranging from 14 to 21 across nations and between provinces. Although age of majority is referred to as a jurisdiction's legal age, the legal ages of various other issues of legal maturity like sexual consent or drinking and smoking ages are often different from the age of majority. Aside from age-based thresholds of maturity, restrictions based in a perceived intellectual

neg: Ages of consent in Asia Ages of consent in Asia The legal age of consent for sexual activity varies by jurisdiction across Asia, from age 12 to 21 years of age. The specific activity engaged in or the gender of its participants can also be affected by the law. Below is a discussion of the various laws dealing with this subject. The highlighted age refers to an age at or above which an individual can engage in unfettered sexual relations with another who is also at or above that age. Other variables, such as homosexual relations or close in age exceptions, may exist, and are

neg: Ages of consent in Europe to standardize the age across member states. However, most countries in Europe now have binding legal obligations in regard to the sexual abuse of children under 18. The Lanzarote Convention, which came into effect in 2011, obligates the countries that ratify it to criminalize certain acts concerning children under 18, such as the involvement of such children in prostitution and pornography. Other acts that must be criminalized include: "Engaging in sexual activities with a child (child is defined in Article 3 as "person under the age of 18 years") where: The age of consent is called "the legal age for

neg: Capacity (law) age, voting age, etc. In many jurisdictions, legal contracts, in which (at least) one of the contracting parties is a minor, are voidable by the minor. For a minor to undergo medical procedure, consent is determined by the minor's parent(s) or legal guardian(s). The right to vote in the United States is currently set at 18 years, while the right to buy and consume alcohol is often set at 21 years by U.S. state law. Some laws, such as marriage laws, may differentiate between the sexes and allow women to marry younger. There are instances in which a person may

neg: Ages of consent in Asia 8-year-old girl died due to internal injuries caused by sexual intercourse with a 40-year-old man, after their arranged wedding. Ages of consent in Asia The legal age of consent for sexual activity varies by jurisdiction across Asia, from age 12 to 21 years of age. The specific activity engaged in or the gender of its participants can also be affected by the law. Below is a discussion of the various laws dealing with this subject. The highlighted age refers to an age at or above which an individual can engage in unfettered sexual relations with another who is also at

neg: Drunk drivers be properly certified and calibrated, evidential procedures must be followed, and it may be necessary to administer an "implied consent" warning to the suspect prior to testing. For some violations, such as refusals by commercial drivers or by drivers under 21 years of age, some US jurisdictions may impose implied consent consequences for a PBT refusal. For example, the state of Michigan has a roadside PBT lawthat requires motorist a preliminary breath test; however, for non-commercial drivers Michigan's penalties are limited to a "civil infraction" penalty, with no violation "points", but is not considered to be a refusal under the

neg: Telephone recording laws not listed above require only that one party consent to the recording. One Party Consent States Following the Illinois Supreme Court's decision in "People v. Clark" on March 20, 2014, which struck down Illinois' two-party consent law, Illinois was a one-party consent state. However, the state legislature amended the statute and, as of December 30, 2014, Illinois is once again a two-party consent state, although the revised law establishes a one-party consent rule for private electronic communications. The Michigan Court of Appeals ruled in 1982 that participants in a conversation may record a discussion without getting the permission of other

neg: Reservation (law) there are three possible results, according to legal commentators: There are many opponents to the second option who argue that this goes against the principle of state consent. States can only be bound by provisions they have consented to. Since they have made a reservation to a certain provision, they cannot be bound by it. According to some commentators, what happens in practice in the VCLT regime is the third option. What follows from article 20 paragraph 4(b) and article 21 paragraph 3 VCLT is that the only thing which can happen is, that if an objecting state feels very

neg: LGBT rights in Chile even when no physical contact occurred. Article 369 states that charges relating to these offenses (Articles 361 to 365) can be brought only after a complaint by the minor or the minor's parent, guardian or legal representative. Nevertheless, if the offended party cannot freely file the complaint and lacks a legal representative, parent or guardian, or if the legal representative, parent or guardian is involved in the crime, the Public Ministry may proceed by its own. In 1810, the age of consent for opposite-sex activity was 12. In 1999, the age of consent was set at 14 for both girls

neg: Saginaw Township North, Michigan age 65 or over. Saginaw Township North, Michigan Saginaw Township North is a census-designated place (CDP) in Saginaw County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The CDP is defined for statistical purposes and has no legal status as an incorporated municipality. The population was 24,994 at the 2000 census. The CDP is located within Saginaw Charter Township and consists of most of the township north of State St., while Saginaw Township South is the area south of State St. This division is purely for statistical purposes and does not reflect any present or historical self-identification of the residents in these

neg: Jailbait Jailbait Jailbait or jail bait is slang for a person who is younger than the legal age of consent for sexual activity, with the implication that a person above the age of consent might find them sexually attractive. The term "jailbait" is derived from the fact that engaging in sexual activity with someone who is under the age of consent is classified as statutory rape or by an equivalent term. The minor deemed sexually attractive is thus a temptation to an older person to pursue them for sexual relations at the risk of being sent to jail if caught. As

neg: Ages of consent in the United States in which a person may consent, but rather consent varies depending upon the minimum age of the younger party, the minimum age of the older party, or the differences in age. Some states have a single age of consent. Thirty U.S. states have age gap laws which make sexual activity legal if the ages of both participants are close to one another, and these laws are often referred to as "Romeo and Juliet laws". Other states have measures which reduce penalties if the two parties are close in age, and others provide an affirmative defense if the two parties are

neg: Jenison, Michigan The per capita income for the community was $21,021. About 1.8% of families and 2.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.1% of those under age 18 and 4.3% of those age 65 or over. Jenison Public Schools: Private: Jenison, Michigan Jenison is an unincorporated community in Ottawa County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is a census-designated place (CDP) for statistical purposes, but has no legal status as an incorporated municipality. The community is governed by Georgetown Charter Township. The population of the CDP was 17,211 as of the 2000 census. The current estimated population

neg: Waverly, Michigan of $49,375 versus $32,064 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $26,867. About 4.5% of families and 5.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.7% of those under age 18 and 6.8% of those age 65 or over. Waverly, Michigan Waverly is an unincorporated community in Eaton County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is a census-designated place (CDP) for statistical purposes and has no legal status as a municipality. The population was 23,925 at the 2010 census, up from 16,194 at the 2000 census. Waverly is home to the Lansing Mall and

neg: Michigan Department of Transportation name was later shortened to the current form in 1978. In November 1978, Michigan voters approved Proposal M, which, in addition to allocating gas tax revenues, replaced the Michigan State Highway Commission with the Michigan State Transportation Commission. By 1983, the department director became appointed by the state governor. The Michigan State Transportation Commission establishes policy for the Michigan Department of Transportation as they relate to transportation programs, facilities, and developments. The Michigan State Transportation Commission is composed of six members, serving three-year terms, appointed by the Governor of Michigan with the advice and consent of the Michigan Senate. The

neg: Freeland, Michigan the population were below the poverty line, including 2.0% of those under age 18 and 6.5% of those age 65 or over. This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Freeland has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps. Freeland, Michigan Freeland is an unincorporated community in Tittabawassee Township, Saginaw County of the U.S. state of Michigan. It is also a census-designated place (CDP) for statistical purposes and without any legal status as an incorporated

neg: Age of Majority Act 1971 Age of Majority Act 1971 The Age of Majority Act 1971 (), is a Malaysian laws which enacted to amend and consolidate the law relating to the age of majority. According to this Act, the age of majority is 18 years old, so that below than 18 years old is considered as minor. The age of majority should not be confused with other type of ages (e.g. voting age, marriageable age, age of consent, legal working age, school leaving age, legal driving age, smoking age, legal drinking age, age of criminal responsibility, age of candidacy for political offices, etc.) because

neg: Kent City, Michigan under age 18 and 14.1% of those age 65 or over. This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Kent City has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps. Kent City, Michigan Kent City is a village in Kent County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,057 according to the 2010 census. The village was named for New York jurist and legal scholar, James Kent, as was Kent County. Kent City is

neg: State Bar of Michigan State Bar of Michigan The State Bar of Michigan is the governing body for lawyers in the State of Michigan. Membership is mandatory for attorneys who practice law in Michigan. The organization's mission is to aid in promoting improvements in the administration of justice and advancements in jurisprudence, improving relations between the legal profession and the public, and promoting the interests of the legal profession in Michigan. Under the authority of the Michigan Constitution Article 6, the Michigan Supreme Court established the State Bar of Michigan in 1935. The organization is governed by the Michigan Supreme Court Rules concerning the

neg: Me Too movement or a woman was "violated" to describe what happened, which Ito says contributes to the public not understanding the full extent of the problem. The legal age of consent in Japan is 13. She says women in Japan are regularly exposed to harassment from a young age, and recalls being groped by a man at a swimming pool when she was 10 only to be blamed herself for wearing a "cute bikini". She states that harassment on public transportation is commonplace, and she remembers dealing with it every day in high school. As part of the #MeToo movement, went public

neg: Eastwood, Michigan under age 18 and 3.8% of those age 65 or over. Eastwood, Michigan Eastwood is an unincorporated community in Kalamazoo Charter Township, Kalamazoo County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is a census-designated place (CDP) for statistical purposes and does not have any legal status as an incorporated municipality. The population was 6,265 at the 2000 census. The Eastwood CDP includes an area to the northeast of the city of Kalamazoo and east of the city of Parchment. The area defined as the CDP may not correspond exactly with local understanding of the Eastwood neighborhood. The CDP may include

neg: Northview, Michigan the median income for a family was $54,756. Males had a median income of $41,295 versus $28,870 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $21,215. About 4.5% of families and 6.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.0% of those under age 18 and 4.9% of those age 65 or over. Northview, Michigan Northview is an unincorporated community in Kent County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is defined as a census-designated place (CDP) for statistical purposes and does not have any legal status as an incorporated municipality. The population was 14,730 at

neg: Stony Point, Michigan poverty line, including 3.3% of those under age 18 and 5.5% of those age 65 or over. Stony Point, Michigan Stony Point is an unincorporated community in Monroe County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is a census-designated place (CDP) used for statistical purposes and does not have any legal status as an incorporated municipality. The population was 1,724 at the 2010 census. The community is in Frenchtown Charter Township on the shore of Lake Erie about northeast of downtown Monroe. The area defined by the CDP is bounded on the west by Burke Road, on the northwest by

neg: Consent (BDSM) writing. The underlying principle is a classical liberal idea that a person's freedom can be measured by lack of interference with their personal choices. As in classical liberalism, the harm principle comes into play. Consent, within BDSM and some academic schools of thought, is what separates legally actionable harm from legitimate personal freedom. Informed consent is the idea that consent is offered with sufficient information and understanding of what is being agreed upon. As in vanilla society, an impairment of mental state or decision making abilities is considered a state in which informed, rational consent cannot be offered. Consent given

neg: LGBT rights in the Democratic Republic of the Congo LGBT rights in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons in the Democratic Republic of the Congo may face legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents. Same-sex sexual activity is legal. Same-sex sexual activity is legal in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Age of consent is equal, regardless of sex. Homosexual acts have never been explicitly outlawed in the country's history. Before the foundation of the state in 1960, the Democratic Republic of the Congo was ruled by the European colonial power Belgium. In Belgium, homosexual acts were decriminalized in 1794. Although same-sex

neg: Colin Russell (EastEnders) than catching the vandals. They discover that Barry was under the age of legal sexual consent for gay men when he and Colin began living together, and the police decide to inform Barry's parents (in 1987 the legal age of sexual consent for gay men was 21). Barry is petrified of his homophobic father and decides to end his relationship with Colin. Colin grows depressed, which worsens when he is mugged in an alley and beaten, and he suffers a spell of poor health in 1988 after his eyesight starts giving him trouble, he gets unexplained dizzy spells and occasionally