query: who extolled the equality of conditions in his book democracy in america

pos: Democracy in America material goods, and isolated individuals. Democracy in America De La Démocratie en Amérique (; published in two volumes, the first in 1835 and the second in 1840) is a classic French text by Alexis de Tocqueville. Its title translates as On Democracy in America, but English translations are usually simply entitled Democracy in America. In the book, Tocqueville examines the democratic revolution that he believed had been occurring over the previous several hundred years. In 1831, Alexis de Tocqueville and Gustave de Beaumont were sent by the French government to study the American prison system. In his later letters Tocqueville

pos: Democracy in America Democracy in America De La Démocratie en Amérique (; published in two volumes, the first in 1835 and the second in 1840) is a classic French text by Alexis de Tocqueville. Its title translates as On Democracy in America, but English translations are usually simply entitled Democracy in America. In the book, Tocqueville examines the democratic revolution that he believed had been occurring over the previous several hundred years. In 1831, Alexis de Tocqueville and Gustave de Beaumont were sent by the French government to study the American prison system. In his later letters Tocqueville indicates that he and Beaumont

pos: Tocqueville effect harsh reality in contrast. There is an increased chance of the Tocqueville paradox happening in centrally planned but locally implemented reforms, when local implementation falls short of the higher reference point. Alexis de Tocqueville first described the phenomenon in his book "Democracy in America" (1840): "The hatred that men bear to privilege increases in proportion as privileges become fewer and less considerable, so that democratic passions would seem to burn most fiercely just when they have least fuel. I have already given the reason for this phenomenon. When all conditions are unequal, no inequality is so great as to offend

pos: Alexis de Tocqueville Alexis de Tocqueville Alexis Charles Henri Clérel, Viscount de Tocqueville (; ; 29 July 180516 April 1859) was a French diplomat, political scientist and historian. He was best known for his works "Democracy in America" (appearing in two volumes, 1835 and 1840) and "The Old Regime and the Revolution" (1856). In both, he analyzed the improved living standards and social conditions of individuals as well as their relationship to the market and state in Western societies. "Democracy in America" was published after Tocqueville's travels in the United States and is today considered an early work of sociology and political science.

pos: Perpetual war the 6th century BC about perpetual war. The following quotation from chapter 2, Waging War, of his book "The Art of War" suggests the negative impacts of prolonged war: Historian Alexis de Tocqueville made predictions in 1840 concerning perpetual war in democratic countries. The following is from Volume 2, chapter 22, "Why Democratic Nations Naturally Desire Peace and Democratic Armies, War", 18th paragraph, in his book, Democracy in America: The development of a relationship network between people who wield political and economic power as well as those who own capital in companies that financially profit from warfare have a relationship

pos: René Girard to that emotion." Wolfgang Palaver adds Alexis de Tocqueville to the list. "Two hundred years after Hobbes, the French historian Alexis de Tocqueville mentioned the dangers coming along with equality, too. Like Hobbes, he refers to the increase of mimetic desire coming along with equality." Palaver has in mind passages like this one, from Tocqueville's "Democracy in America": "They have swept away the privileges of some of their fellow creatures which stood in their way, but they have opened the door to universal competition; the barrier has changed its shape rather than its position." Maurizio Meloni highlights the similarities between

pos: James Bryce, 1st Viscount Bryce classic. In developing material for his book, Bryce painstakingly reproduced the travels of Alexis de Tocqueville, who wrote "Democracy in America" (1835–40). Although Tocqueville emphasized the egalitarian nature of early-19th-century America, Bryce was dismayed to find vast inequality: "Sixty years ago, there were no great fortunes in America, few large fortunes, no poverty. Now there is some poverty... and a greater number of gigantic fortunes than in any other country of the world" and "As respects education... the profusion of…elementary schools tends to raise the mass to a higher point than in Europe... [but] there is an increasing class that

neg: Democracy in America in 1833. When the first edition was published, Beaumont, sympathetic to social justice, was working on another book, "Marie, ou, L'esclavage aux Etats-Unis" (two volumes, 1835), a social critique and novel describing the separation of races in a moral society and the conditions of slaves in the United States. Before finishing "Democracy in America", Tocqueville believed that Beaumont's study of the United States would prove more comprehensive and penetrating. He begins his book by describing the change in social conditions taking place. He observed that over the previous seven hundred years the social and economic conditions of men had become

neg: Democracy in America modify it according to circumstances and men: such is the first duty imposed on those who direct society in our day. The remainder of the book can be interpreted as an attempt to accomplish this goal, thereby giving advice to those people who would experience this change in social states. Tocqueville begins his study of the U.S. by explaining the contribution of the Puritans. According to him, the Puritans established the U.S. democratic social state of equality. They arrived equals in education and were all middle class. In addition, Tocqueville observes that they contributed a synthesis of religion and political

neg: Democracy in America the rise of the industrial sector in the American economy, Tocqueville, some scholars have argued, also correctly predicted that an industrial aristocracy would rise from the ownership of labor. He warned that ' ... friends of democracy must keep an anxious eye peeled in this direction at all times', observing that the route of industry was the gate by which a newfound wealthy class might potentially dominate, although he himself believed that an industrial aristocracy would differ from the formal aristocracy of the past. On the other hand, Tocqueville proved shortsighted in noting that a democracy's equality of conditions stifles

neg: Gender democracy Gender democracy investigates and questions structures and contents of democratic systems that were developed by men in order to transform them in ways that provide for gender equality. A key tool for implementing gender democracy are the so-called "gender traings" that aim to question traditional gender roles, analyze the social framework, and develop methods that provide for greater gender equality within organizations. The following are some examples for organizations that have made gender democracy part of their institutional structures: Gender democracy Gender democracy is a normative idea related to gender mainstreaming. Its aim is to achieve democratic conditions between men

neg: Participatory democracy democracy. In 1938 the anarchists were displaced after betrayal by their former Republican allies in the Communist party and attacks from the loyalist forces of General Franco. The writer George Orwell, who experienced participatory democracy in Spain with the anarchists before their defeat, discusses it in his book "Homage to Catalonia", and says participatory democracy was a "strange and valuable" experience where one could breathe "the air of equality" and where normal human motives like snobbishness, greed, and fear of authority had ceased to exist. The mystic and philosopher Simone Weil, who had helped the Spanish anarchists as a combat

neg: Democracy in America outlines the possible excesses of passion for equality among men, foreshadowing the totalitarian states of the twentieth century. Insightful analysis of political society was supplemented in the second volume by description of civil society as a sphere of private and civilian affairs mirroring Hegel. Tocqueville observed that social mechanisms have paradoxes, as in what later became known as the Tocqueville effect: "social frustration increases as social conditions improve". He wrote that this growing hatred of social privilege, as social conditions improve, leads to the state concentrating more power to itself. Tocqueville's views on the United States took a darker turn

neg: Racism in a Racial Democracy as some might be related to socioeconomic status. From Camara's perspective, Brazil from the book would be just a country that resembles the US. Review by Eduardo Bonilla-Silva "NACLA Report on the Americas" vol. 35 issue 6 (May/Jun2002): 60. Racial problems brought attention to scholars, as in Latin America they stressed about their identity as a whole picture. Bonilla-Silva complimented that the book was an advancement on the literature on race in Latin America. Bonilla-Silva thought that Twine had successfully addressed the race issues in Brazil, as Brazil portrayed an ideal image of race equality and inequalities were led by

neg: Democracy in America more equal. The aristocracy, Tocqueville believed, was gradually disappearing as the modern world experienced the beneficial effects of equality. Tocqueville traced the development of equality to a number of factors, such as granting all men permission to enter the clergy, widespread economic opportunity resulting from the growth of trade and commerce, the royal sale of titles of nobility as a monarchical fundraising tool, and the abolition of primogeniture. Tocqueville described this revolution as a "providential fact" of an "irresistible revolution," leading some to criticize the determinism found in the book. However, based on Tocqueville's correspondences with friends and colleagues, Marvin

neg: Benjamin Barber Barber met with and worked alongside civil society and government leaders in Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, China, and Moammar Gadhafi's Libya. In the 2004 preface to his "Strong Democracy," Barber explains the central premise of that book: "Once established strongly in the political and civic realm, democracy can assure sufficient equality and justice to coexist with a variety of economic systems." He goes on to say that his goal in writing that book was not "to replace representative with strong democracy, but to thicken thin democracy with a critical overlay of participatory institutions." Barber went on to propose "a

neg: Walt Whitman of democracy and equality, Whitman constructs a hierarchy with himself at the head, America below, and the rest of the world in a subordinate position." In his study, "The Pragmatic Whitman: Reimagining American Democracy", Stephen John Mack suggests that critics, who tend to ignore it, should look again at Whitman's nationalism: "Whitman's seemingly mawkish celebrations of the United States … [are] one of those problematic features of his works that teachers and critics read past or explain away" (xv-xvi). Nathanael O'Reilly in an essay on "Walt Whitman's Nationalism in the First Edition of "Leaves of Grass"" claims that "Whitman's imagined

neg: Alexis de Tocqueville cemetery in Normandy. Tocqueville's professed religion was Roman Catholicism. He saw religion as being compatible with both equality and individualism, but felt that religion would be strongest when separated from politics. In "Democracy in America", published in 1835, Tocqueville wrote of the New World and its burgeoning democratic order. Observing from the perspective of a detached social scientist, Tocqueville wrote of his travels through the United States in the early 19th century when the Market Revolution, Western expansion and Jacksonian democracy were radically transforming the fabric of American life. According to Joshua Kaplan, one purpose of writing "Democracy in America"

neg: American Left in the United States. Although Working Men's Parties were founded in the 1820s and 1830s in the United States, they advocated equality of opportunity, universal education and improved working conditions, not socialism, collective ownership or equality of outcome, and disappeared after their goals were taken up by Jacksonian democracy. Gompers, the leader of the AFL thought that workers must rely on themselves because any rights provided by government could be revoked. Economic unrest in the 1890s was represented by populism. Although it used anti-capitalist rhetoric, it represented the views of small farmers who wanted to protect their own private property,

neg: Ted Nace corporations and democracy in America. In 2003, his book "Gangs of America: The Rise of Corporate Power and the Disabling of Democracy" argued his case for the deleterious effects of corporations on society and the economy and the specious character of their quasi-legal enablements and suggested that corporations were undermining American democracy: Nace wrote about how earlier in his life he had created a corporation with Peachpit Press. In his book, Nace tried to explore how corporations got what he viewed as "too much power" and how the institution developed in America. In an interview, Nace explained that the modern

neg: Education in Latin America in higher education. This also contributed to improving low-income students’ access to these institutions. The complexity of Higher Education in the region can be viewed in a series of historical and emerging trends, in its heterogeneity, its inequality, but above all in the role that public universities and some very outstanding institutions of higher education can assume in order to construct a new scenario that can aid in significant improvement in the living conditions of its populations, and provide the possibility of greater well-being, democracy, and equality coming from science, education, and culture. The rest of this section will take

neg: Jean-Louis de Lolme were treated in a scientific manner". In the book, de Lolme advocated a constitutional form of government enshrining the principle of balanced government, balancing the one, the few, and the many, or the ideas of monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy. He criticised the power of the British parliament and made a grotesque expression which became proverbial: "parliament can do everything but make a woman a man and a man a woman". Nonetheless, de Lolme extolled the British government because, in his view, which was influenced by his own observations and study as well as by the previous writings of Voltaire and

neg: Liberal democracy By the end of the 19th century, liberal democracy was no longer only a "liberal" idea, but an idea supported by many different ideologies. After World War I and especially after World War II, liberal democracy achieved a dominant position among theories of government and is now endorsed by the vast majority of the political spectrum. Although liberal democracy was originally put forward by Enlightenment liberals, the relationship between democracy and liberalism has been controversial since the beginning and was problematized in the 20th century. In his book "Freedom and Equality in a Liberal Democratic State", Jasper Doomen posited that

neg: Julia Gulliver to the brain while dreaming and being awake. In her book "Studies in Democracy", she argues that equality of opportunity is the fundamental value of democracy and that we should not expect equality of outcome given the variety of interests, ideals, and socioeconomic backgrounds of citizens. The value of democracy, Gulliver argued, is in its capacity for providing all citizens an equal chance to progress and in supporting a “wealth of varying opportunity.” In this work, she also supported increased participation by women in political life, expecting that, as natural conservators and nurturers, they would increase peace and unity in

neg: Jo So-ang social democracy. He argued that in order to achieve social democracy, equality between individuals, equality between ethnicities, as well as the equality between nations must be attained. Following this principle, he suggested that to acquire equality amongst individuals it must be through immediate political equality such as free and equal elections. Next, in his theory, he advocated for the equality between ethnicities. Equality between ethnicities would be achieved through equal economic developments and equal educational opportunities. For the betterment of the nation as a whole, Jo so-ang presumed that the political system should be based on a parliamentary democracy in

neg: 101 People Who Are Really Screwing America authoring "101 People Who Are Really Screwing America", Huberman wrote the book "The Bush-Hater's Handbook: a Guide to the Most Appalling Presidency of the Past 100 Years". He is also the author of "Bushit: An A-Z Guide to the Bush Attack on Truth, Justice, Equality, and the American Way". Huberman was born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, where he spent his early life. The book is a liberal response to Bernard Goldberg's "100 People Who Are Screwing Up America". The top-listed individuals are typically Republican politicians, such as George W. Bush, Dick Cheney, Donald Rumsfeld, and Rick Santorum, and conservative judges

neg: Meron Benvenisti state were "wrongheaded, simplistic and dangerous," but also said the situation in Israel proper is "no less grave". He suggested that Israel is a "Herrenvolk democracy" (master race democracy) in which Israel behaves 'like a full-blooded democracy' but has a group of serfs (the Arabs) for whom democracy is suspended, creating a situation of 'extreme inequality.' In the same interview, he stated that "The separation fence: that is truly apartheid. Separation is apartheid." According to Benvenisti, the only solution is to incorporate Palestinians into the state on conditions of equality. Meron Benvenisti Meron Benvenisti (, born April 21, 1934) is

neg: People's Council of America for Democracy and the Terms of Peace known as the People's Council of America for Democracy and Peace. On May 2, 1917, more than 40 members of the Emergency Peace Federation assembled at the Hotel Astor in New York City to consider the course for the peace movement in America. Participants were split between radicals and pacifists who favored the peace conditions advanced by the Bolshevik government of Soviet Russia — including Morris Hillquit, Norman Thomas, and Roger Baldwin — and those who favored a more moderate and Americanized approach. When this latter group, headed by Lillian Wald of the American Union Against Militarism, realized that it

neg: Gerardo L. Munck Programme’s (UNDP) report "Democracy in Latin America. Toward a Citizens’ Democracy" (2004). He developed a methodology to monitor elections for the Organization of American States (OAS). And he worked with Dante Caputo on a second regional report on democracy in Latin America prepared by the UNDP and the Organization of American States (OAS), "Nuestra democracia" (2010). He also worked with the UNDP on a system to monitor corruption in Afghanistan, and wrote background papers for the UNDP regional reports on Asia and the Pacific on corruption and gender equality. He was a member of the International Expert Panel of the

neg: Radical democracy Radical democracy Radical democracy was articulated by Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe in their book "Hegemony and Socialist Strategy: Towards a Radical Democratic Politics", written in 1985. They argue that social movements which attempt to create social and political change need a strategy which challenges neoliberal and neoconservative concepts of democracy. This strategy is to expand the liberal definition of democracy, based on freedom and equality, to include difference. "Radical democracy" means "the root of democracy". Laclau and Mouffe claim that liberal democracy and deliberative democracy, in their attempts to build consensus, oppress differing opinions, races, classes, genders, and worldviews.

neg: Third World Socialism achieving economic equality and democracy to include social reform and address issues unique to Latin America such as racial and ethnic equality, indigenous rights and environmental issues. Notable New Left movements in Latin America include the Cuban Revolution of 1959, the victory of the Sandinista revolution in Nicaragua of 1979, the (Worker's Party) government in Porto Alegre of 1990, among others. Because of its close proximity and strong historical connection to the United States, Cuba served an integral role in spreading socialism to the rest of Latin America. Che Guevara described Cuba as "a guiding light" to Latin American countries

neg: White Guilt (book) affirmative action and the celebration of diversity. Steele argues that the results were a disaster for black Americans, not only failing to produce racial equality, but requiring blacks to be grateful to the white bureaucrats who now controlled their lives. Reviewer Edward Guthman described "White Guilt," as rehearsing arguments similar to those Steele made in his earlier books, "The Content of Our Character: A New Vision of Race in America", and "A Dream Deferred: The Second Betrayal of Black Freedom in America". Roger Clegg compares ith with the similar 2006 book by John McWhorter, "Winning the Race". White Guilt (book)

neg: Shirin Ebadi a woman's right to divorce her husband is in line with Sharia (Islamic Law). Ebadi presented the bill before the government, but the male members made her leave without considering the bill, according to Ebadi's memoir. In her book "Iran Awakening", Ebadi explains her political/religious views on Islam, democracy and gender equality In the last 23 years, from the day I was stripped of my judgeship to the years of doing battle in the revolutionary courts of Tehran, I had repeated one refrain: an interpretation of Islam that is in harmony with equality and democracy is an authentic expression of

neg: Equality Colony Terre Haute on May 24 to discuss possible unification of his American Railway Union with the BCC at convention scheduled three weeks later. Meanwhile, Victor Berger and his group were urging him to create a new socialist organization committed to political action and not colonization. Lermond, Parsons and Reed attended the June 1897 convention of the ARU which created the Social Democracy of America, but the BCC did not join the new organization, rejecting its "class struggle" thesis with a vision of a colony that would include middle-class professionals and "everybody who believes in cooperation" and not just "the laboring

neg: Totalitarian democracy the law. Proponents of both kinds of democracy argue that their particular approach is the best one for the citizens of their respective countries. It is Mao Shoulong's contention that "equality-oriented democracy recognises the value of freedom but holds that [it] can't be attained by individual efforts," but rather, by collective efforts. He argues that while equality-oriented democracy stresses the value of equality over individual freedoms, the reverse is true for freedom-oriented democracy, and in each case, the state will move either to ensure equality by limiting individual freedom, or to ensure individual freedom by giving up equality. Some critics

neg: Equality and Democracy Party Equality and Democracy Party Equality and Democracy Party ("Eşitlik ve Demokrasi Partisi", EDP) was a left-libertarian and social liberal political party in Turkey. It was founded on 14 March 2010 by Ziya Halis. The Social Democratic People's Party (Turkey)'s 3. Congress resulted in their decision to join EDP. Subsequently, a consensus was reached that the former Minister of Employment and Social Security, Ziya Halis, who is of Kurdish and Alevi descent, was to become the leader of the party. A significant segment of the Libertarian Left Movement, which had broken away from the Freedom and Solidarity Party, played an active

neg: World on Fire (book) World on Fire (book) World On Fire: How Exporting Free Market Democracy Breeds Ethnic Hatred and Global Instability is a 2003 book by lawyer Amy Chua. It is an academic study into ethnic and sociological divisions in regard to economic and political systems in various societies. The book discusses the concept of market-dominant minorities, defined as an ethnic minorities who, under given market conditions tend to dominate economically, often significantly, over all other ethnic groups in the country. The concept of market-dominant minority was introduced by the author in a 1998 paper "Markets, Democracy, and Ethnicity". In the Philippines, Chua

neg: While Europe Slept and well informed. And it could not, of course, be more timely." J. Peder Zane of the National Book Critics Circle wrote that the book offers "urgent prose that challenges widely held ideas" in addition to "provocative—and controversial—arguments". A review in "American Thinker" described the book as simply a "stunner" with "horrific" implications for the future of Europe. Zane thinks the book "begs innumerable qualifications" when it bluntly states that "European Muslims are hostile to 'pluralism, tolerance, democracy and sexual equality'", but believes that Bawer addresses those qualifications. Zane suggests that Bawer, who is openly gay, is concerned about what

neg: Direct democracy disputed form of direct popular participation is the referendum on constitutional matters. For the system to respect the principle of political equality, either "everyone" needs to be involved or there needs to be a representative random sample of people chosen to take part in the discussion. In the definition used by scholars such as James Fishkin, deliberative democracy is a form of direct democracy which satisfies the requirement for deliberation and equality but does not make provision to involve everyone who wants to be included in the discussion. Participatory democracy, by Fishkin's definition, allows inclusive participation and deliberation, but at

neg: Embedded democracy three fundamental principles of freedom, equality, and control. The ideal embedded democracy is guided by the three fundamental democratic principles of freedom, equality, and control. Merkel uses Robert Dahl's definition of political equality, which includes equality "before the law and in the political process." While equality can infringe upon freedom, an embedded democracy should establish a balance between equality and freedom; to preserve the equality-freedom equilibrium, there must be checks on government power (horizontal and vertical accountability). Merkel writes about five different forms of internal embeddedness, with democratic electoral regime occupying the central position because "it is the most obvious

neg: Democracy in America Cambridge, Oxford, Princeton and other institutions. In the introduction to his translation of the book, Harvard Professor Harvey C. Mansfield calls it "at once the best book ever written on democracy and the best book ever written on America." Tocqueville's work is often acclaimed for making a number of astute predictions. He anticipates the potential acrimony over the abolition of slavery that would tear apart the United States and lead to the American Civil War as well as the eventual superpower rivalry between the United States and Russia, which exploded after World War II and spawned the Cold War. Noting

neg: America (The Book) in the book "for giving the authors the idea". The book appears in the background of a bookstore scene of the film "Mr. Woodcock." America (The Book) America (The Book): A Citizen's Guide to Democracy Inaction is a 2004 humor book written by Jon Stewart and other writers of "The Daily Show" that parodies and satirizes American politics and worldview. It has won several awards, and generated some controversy. An updated trade paperback edition was published in 2006 as a ""Teacher's Edition"", with updated coverage of the Supreme Court Justices (including Samuel Alito and John Roberts, who were appointed after

neg: Leslie Lipson Fellowship to complete a PhD in political science at the University of Chicago. After finishing his doctorate, Lipson moved to Wellington, New Zealand, in 1939, to found a Department of Political Science at Victoria University of Wellington. He taught at Victoria for seven years, and in 1948 published a landmark book on New Zealand politics called "The Politics of Equality: Adventures in New Zealand’s Democracy". Lipson argued that political and economic equality were the defining features of the country, and, in comparison to the Statue of Liberty in New York, suggested that "In New Zealand, if any sculptured allegory were

neg: Gender equality Pizan, an early advocate for gender equality, states in her 1405 book "The Book of the City of Ladies" that the oppression of women is founded on irrational prejudice, pointing out numerous advances in society probably created by women. The Shakers, an evangelical group, which practiced segregation of the sexes and strict celibacy, were early practitioners of gender equality. They branched off from a Quaker community in the north-west of England before emigrating to America in 1774. In America, the head of the Shakers' central ministry in 1788, Joseph Meacham, had a revelation that the sexes should be equal. He

neg: John Reed (journalist) Voice of Labor", and was denounced as "Jack the Liar" in the Communist Party organ, "The Communist". Reed's writings of 1919 displayed doubts about Western-style democracy and defended the dictatorship of the proletariat. He believed this was a necessary step that would prefigure the true democracy "based upon equality and the liberty of the individual." Indicted for sedition and hoping to secure Comintern backing for the CLP, Reed fled America with a forged passport in early October 1919 on a Scandinavian frigate; he worked his way to Bergen as a stoker. Given shore leave, he disappeared to Kristiania, crossed into

neg: Gerald Kelley story about marriage equality and democracy. It nevertheless contains some stabs at Mike Pence. The book became an immediate bestseller, receiving notable praise and selling much better than expected. All profits from the book are being donated to The Trevor Project and AIDS United. Gerald Kelley Gerald Kelley is an American children's book illustrator. He works in an elaborate style with water color and precise detail. Kelley is known for his work on James Bowen's "Bob the Cat" series and "A Day in the Life of Marlon Bundo," a best-selling children's book written by Jill Twiss. Kelley was born in

neg: History of democracy in classical Iran accuses tyrants." However Otanes was advocating a return to the equality and democracy that was customary in ancient Persia. So violation of these customs was what he was accusing tyrants about. Perhaps Otanes considered democracy reflecting Persia's tribal roots. Even though Otanes has not used the term demokratia in his speech, but his emphasis on equality under the law, elections by lot, and collective decisions makes it clear that he represents the democratic viewpoint. Some scholars have gone further by considering that not only Otanes was in fact advocating the democracy, but also "a pretty radical form of it". Some

neg: Chalcedon Foundation who homeschooled his own children, writes of the "dishonorable conduct, degenerating academic standards, and defensive bureaucracy that are jeopardizing America's future, courtesy of teacher unions' self-interest and increasingly derelict parents". In 2005, the Chalcedon Foundation was designated an anti-gay hate group by the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC). The Chalcedon Foundation promotes Christian Reconstruction and calls for the "imposition of Old Testament law on America and the world." According to the SPLC, this "embraces the most draconian of religious views", being "opposed to modern notions of equality, democracy or tolerance." The SPLC also stated that Rushdoony supported the death penalty

neg: America at the Crossroads America at the Crossroads America at the Crossroads: Democracy, Power, and the Neoconservative Legacy is a 2006 book by Francis Fukuyama. This book briefly discusses the history of neoconservatism, with particular focus on its major tenets and political implications. Fukuyama outlines his rationale for supporting the Bush administration, as well as where he believes it has gone wrong. Fukuyama argues that the Iraq invasion was poorly planned and orchestrated, and that the George W. Bush administration underestimated the social construction that would be necessary to create a new democracy after the war. Fukuyama highlights the controversies that surround neoconservatism, describing

neg: Fascism and ideology the French Revolution initially were conservatives and reactionaries, but the Revolution was also later criticized by Marxists for its bourgeois character and racist nationalists who opposed its universalist principles. Racist nationalists in particular condemned the French Revolution for granting social equality to "inferior races" such as Jews. Mussolini condemned the French Revolution for developing liberalism, scientific socialism and liberal democracy, but also acknowledged that fascism extracted and utilized all the elements that had preserved those ideologies' vitality and that fascism had no desire to restore the conditions that precipitated the French Revolution. Though fascism opposed core parts of the Revolution,

neg: A Key Into the Language of America without their permission. He interacted extensively with the Narragansett and Wampanoag tribes as a missionary, friend, and trader. He extolled many parts of Indian culture as superior to European culture, and he wrote a complementary poem at the end of each chapter within the book. According to J. Patrick Cesarini, Williams also published the book to rebut Massachusetts' distorted claims about the first Indian conversions to Christianity (particularly that of Wequash Cooke, a Pequot in Connecticut) and to thereby halt Massachusetts' moral claims to Rhode Island's territory. Williams' friend Gregory Dexter printed the book in London, England, and the publication

neg: Jill Twiss Pence family's pet rabbit, but without the LGBT themes. Rather than a straight-up parody of the Pences' book, "A Day in the Life of Marlon Bundo" is an actual children's story about marriage equality and democracy. It nevertheless contains some stabs at Mike Pence. On the day of release, John Oliver promoted the book on "Last Week Tonight" at the conclusion of an episode mainly dedicated to Pence and his positions on LGBT issues; it became a bestseller and the #1 book and e-book on Amazon the following day, receiving notable praise and selling much better than the crew of

neg: Democracy in America Zetterbaum, Professor Emeritus at University of California Davis, concludes that the Frenchman never accepted democracy as determined or inevitable. He did, however, consider equality more just and therefore found himself among its partisans. Given the social state that was emerging, Tocqueville believed that a "new political science" would be needed, in order to: [I]nstruct democracy, if possible to reanimate its beliefs, to purify its motives, to regulate its movements, to substitute little by little the science of affairs for its inexperience, and knowledge of its true instincts for its blind instincts; to adapt its government to time and place; to

neg: Modernization theory because there are theories that support economic growth as both a cause and effect of the institution of democracy. “Lipset’s observation that democracy is related to economic development, first advanced in 1959, has generated the largest body of research on any topic in comparative politics,” (Przeworski and Limongi, 1997). Larry Diamond and Juan Linz, who worked with Lipset in the book, "Democracy in Developing Countries: Latin America", argue that economic performance affects the development of democracy in at least three ways. First, they argue that economic growth is more important for democracy than given levels of socioeconomic development. Second, socioeconomic

neg: Penn Kemble His caucus included Paul Feldman, editor of the party paper "New America" and Tom Kahn, chief of the League for Industrial Democracy. Kemble was elected as the National Chairman of the YPSL, thereby becoming an ex officio member of the National Committee of the Socialist Party. Following its July 1968 National Convention the governing National Committee elected Kemble the new National Secretary of the Socialist Party, replacing George Woywod. He was also active in the Congress of Racial Equality. Kemble was Executive Secretary of the Socialist Party of America from 1968-1970. Kemble was a founder of Negotiation Now!, a group

neg: America at the Crossroads how it has evolved into something he can no longer support. He suggests that neoconservativism can be described as having four common principles through the end of the Cold War: At the conclusion of the book, Fukuyama proposes a new order in international politics, stating the world needs a change in its actual institutions, advocating what he calls multi-multilateralism. page ix "America at the Crossroads: Democracy, Power, and the Neoconservative Legacy" (Yale University Press, 2006). America at the Crossroads America at the Crossroads: Democracy, Power, and the Neoconservative Legacy is a 2006 book by Francis Fukuyama. This book briefly discusses

neg: Tammy Baldwin Tommy Thompson, who had formerly been governor and Secretary of Health and Human Services. She announced her candidacy on September 6, 2011, in a video emailed to supporters. She ran uncontested in the primary election, and spoke at the 2012 Democratic National Convention about tax policy, campaign finance reform, and equality in the United States. She was endorsed by Democracy for America, and she received campaign funding from EMILY's List, the Gay & Lesbian Victory Fund, and LPAC. Baldwin was endorsed by the editorial board of "The Capital Times", who wrote that "Baldwin's fresh ideas on issues ranging from job

neg: America (The Book) America (The Book) America (The Book): A Citizen's Guide to Democracy Inaction is a 2004 humor book written by Jon Stewart and other writers of "The Daily Show" that parodies and satirizes American politics and worldview. It has won several awards, and generated some controversy. An updated trade paperback edition was published in 2006 as a ""Teacher's Edition"", with updated coverage of the Supreme Court Justices (including Samuel Alito and John Roberts, who were appointed after the 2004 book's publication), and fact checking by Stanley K. Schultz, professor emeritus of history at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, with red marks and

neg: Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions for numerically solving the KKT system of equations and inequalities. The KKT conditions were originally named after Harold W. Kuhn and Albert W. Tucker, who first published the conditions in 1951. Later scholars discovered that the necessary conditions for this problem had been stated by William Karush in his master's thesis in 1939. Consider the following nonlinear minimization or maximization problem: where formula_4 is the optimization variable, formula_5 is the objective or utility function, formula_6 are the inequality constraint functions, and formula_7 are the equality constraint functions. The numbers of inequality and equality constraints are denoted formula_8 and formula_9, respectively.

neg: Schools of economic thought the basis of its models and equations. Marxian economics also descends from classical theory. Anders Chydenius (1729–1803) was the leading classical liberal of Nordic history. Chydenius, who was a Finnish priest and member of parliament, published a book called "The National Gain" in 1765, in which he proposes ideas of freedom of trade and industry and explores the relationship between economy and society and lays out the principles of liberalism, all of this eleven years before Adam Smith published a similar and more comprehensive book, "The Wealth of Nations". According to Chydenius, democracy, equality and a respect for human rights

neg: Union Movement 1948. However the four main groups were Jeffrey Hamm's British League of Ex-Servicemen and Women, Anthony Gannon's Imperial Defence League, Victor Burgess's Union of British Freedom and Horace Gowing and Tommy Moran's Sons of St George, all groups led by ex-BUF men. Another early member was Francis Parker Yockey, who had come to England to seek Mosley's help with publishing his written work. Yockey briefly headed up the UM European Contact Section, although he was gone fairly quickly after a fall-out with Mosley. Mosley remained a critic of liberal democracy, and the UM instead extolled a strong executive that people

neg: History of democracy in classical Iran that we do away with monarchy, and raise the people to power. For the people are all in all." Otanes seems to find democracy inherently more equitable: "the rule of many has first a name attaching to it which is the fairest of all names, that is to say 'Equality.'" Popular government ensures moderate rule, he suggests. The book "The Archaic Smile of Herodotus" notes that "in arguing that democracy will be good for Persia, Otanes contradicts himself, for he proposes to change the traditional form of government. This violation of ancient custom is just the practice of which he

neg: Charles Winick programming consultant. Winick's book "The New People: Desexualization in American Life," published in 1969, contended that American society was "following the path of Ancient Greece and Rome" by gradually becoming a "neutered society". He wrote that "equality does not mean equivalence, and a difference is not deficiency". Winick maintained that America was becoming a "beige-colored" society, and that distinctions between the genders were becoming blurred. His views on drug addiction were controversial. He believed that many heroin addicts do outgrow their addictions, but those who do not "should be treated as victims of a chronic disease". His 1971 book "The

neg: Philip Green (author) or corporate moneybags." ("American Democracy", p. 96). Throughout, as a theorist of democracy, Green has argued that the oligarchic and democratic elements of representative democracy are in constant tension ("American Democracy", ch. 6); that a truly representative and accountable government must have input from participants at all levels of public life ("Retrieving Democracy", 1985); and that representative democracy and modern capitalism—which deepens social inequalities and thus undermines the foundations of political equality—are fundamentally incompatible ("Equality and Democracy", 1999). Pointing out that vibrant democracy must be continuously open to mass protest movements ("American Democracy", ch. 11), he has argued that familiar

neg: The Life and Death of Democracy is that he has illuminating discussions of societies ranging across time and space from the ancient Near East and Athens—one of his important theses is that we overestimate the "invention of democracy" by Athens by ignoring evidence of the significance of "assemblies" in the Near East well before the Greeks—to contemporary developments in Asia, Africa and Latin America as well as more predictable discussions of Europe and North America. During June and July 2009 the book occupied the number 1 spot in Amazon's bestseller list for books on democracy in Political Science & Ideology section and in the History section.

neg: Equality and Democracy Party the party decided to support the Labour, Democracy and Freedom Bloc and therefore did not present a list of candidates to the SEC. The party disbanded itself and launched the Greens and the Left Party of the Future on 25 November 2012 together with the Greens and some independent individuals. Equality and Democracy Party Equality and Democracy Party ("Eşitlik ve Demokrasi Partisi", EDP) was a left-libertarian and social liberal political party in Turkey. It was founded on 14 March 2010 by Ziya Halis. The Social Democratic People's Party (Turkey)'s 3. Congress resulted in their decision to join EDP. Subsequently, a

neg: Marlon Bundo's A Day in the Life of the Vice President same-sex marriage. "A Day in the Life of Marlon Bundo" is billed as an actual children's story about marriage equality and democracy, rather than as a straight-up parody of Charlotte Pence's book, yet it includes some "definite digs" at the vice president. Charlotte Pence supported "A Day in the Life of Marlon Bundo", posting on Twitter a picture of herself and the real-life Marlon Bundo wearing a bow tie identical to the one in Jill Twiss' book, and saying on "Mornings with Maria": "His book is contributing to charities that I think we can all get behind... I'm all for

neg: The Post-American World down in war in Iraq. In 2003, his book "The Future of Freedom: Illiberal Democracy at Home and Abroad", in which he examines the necessary conditions for liberal democracy to survive, was published. While he initially supported US intervention in Iraq, Zakaria criticized the Bush Administration's methods of nation-building and for trying to force Iraq into a liberal democracy without the preconditions of economic liberalisation and rule-of-law. Over the next few years, Zakaria developed his theory on shifting global power as he contributed or wrote articles profiling emerging national powers and participating in economic forums and organizations. The content is

neg: Criticism of atheism Critic of atheism Dinesh D'Souza argues that "Hitler's leading advisers, such as Goebbels, Heydrich and Bormann, were atheists who were savagely hostile to religion" and Hitler and the Nazis "repudiated what they perceived as the Christian values of equality, compassion and weakness and extolled the atheist notions of the Nietzschean superman and a new society based on the 'will to power'". When Hitler was out campaigning for power in Germany, he made opportunistic statements apparently in favour of "positive Christianity". In political speeches, Hitler spoke of an "almighty creator". According to Samuel Koehne of Deakin University, some recent works have

neg: Union democracy an iron law of oligarchy: all groups, regardless of how democratic they may be at the start, eventually and inevitably develop into oligarchies with swollen bureaucracies. Michels himself, after falling out with the German Social Democrat Party, migrated to Italy and joined Mussolini's Fascist Party. Nevertheless, his ideas were popularized after the Second World War in particular by Seymour Martin Lipset, Trow, and James Samuel Coleman in a book entitled, "" (1957). This book argued that the ITU was an exception to Michels' general law, and that the conditions necessary to ensure democracy were that an opposition to the union's

neg: Democracy affect people outside the constituency who, by definition, cannot vote. By contrast, in a cosmopolitan democracy, the people who are affected by decisions also have a say in them. According to its supporters, any attempt to solve global problems is undemocratic without some form of cosmopolitan democracy. The general principle of cosmopolitan democracy is to expand some or all of the values and norms of democracy, including the rule of law; the non-violent resolution of conflicts; and equality among citizens, beyond the limits of the state. To be fully implemented, this would require reforming existing international organisations, e.g. the United

neg: New Left "peripheral economies" at the expense of Latin American society and economic development, which many saw as an extension of neo-colonialism and neo-imperialism. This shift in thinking led to a surge of dialogue related to how Latin America could assert its social and economic independence from the United States. Many scholars argued that a shift to socialism could help liberate Latin America from this conflict. The New Left emerged in Latin America, a group which sought to go beyond existing Marxist–Leninist efforts at achieving economic equality and democracy to include social reform and address issues unique to Latin America such as

neg: Ethnic democracy "ethnic democracy" was introduced by Professor Juan José Linz of Yale University in 1975, and subsequently by University of Haifa sociologist Professor Sammy Smooha in a book published in 1989, as a universalised model of the Israel case. The model was used widely in subsequent decades; in 1993 for a comparison of several countries, in 1997 for a comparison of Israel and Northern Ireland, applied to Estonia and Latvia in 1996 and Slovakia in 2000. Smooha defines eight features that are the core elements of his model of an ethnic democracy: Smooha also defines ten conditions that can lead to

neg: An Economic Theory of Democracy chapter two. Many of these conditions have been challenged by later scholarship. In anticipation of such criticism, Downs quotes Milton Friedman in chapter two that: “Theoretical models should be tested primarily by the accuracy of their predictions rather than by the reality of their assumptions” (Friedman, 1953). An Economic Theory of Democracy An Economic Theory of Democracy is a political science treatise written by Anthony Downs, published in 1957. The book set forth a model with precise conditions under which economic theory could be applied to non-market political decision-making. It also suggested areas of empirical research that could be tested

neg: Boston Hymn destiny. It conceives of a covenant between God and America, parallel to the covenant with Israel, in which adoption of the Puritan ideals of equality and democracy are rewarded with prosperity. The poem is narrated by God, suggesting divine authority behind the Emancipation Proclamation. "Boston Hymn" has specific earthly political messages, as well. It hails the Emancipation Proclamation as a more successful liberating document than the Declaration of Independence. It rejoins some of Emerson's contemporaries who called for emancipation strictly as a matter of military necessity. In one stanza, the poem calls for reparations to be paid to freed slaves

neg: Mirae caritatis and choicest gift has ever proceeded and proceeds." ...whereas God has subordinated the whole supernatural order to the Incarnation of His Word, in virtue whereof salvation has been restored to the human race, ... the Eucharist, according to the testimony of the holy Fathers, should be regarded as in a manner a continuation and extension of the Incarnation. As in previous encyclicals, Leo continues his call for social renewal, which source is found in the Holy Eucharist. He maintains that the sacrament fosters mutual charity that will promote Christian brotherhood and social equality. Having extolled the many benefits of the

neg: Sándor Bölöni Farkas Sándor Bölöni Farkas Sándor Bölöni Farkas or Alexander Farkas (Bölön, January 15, 1795 – February 2, 1842) was a writer who is perhaps best known for his journals ("Journey in North America") he made while traveling the United States in 1831. He described the United States as a wonderland, and praised American democracy very highly. The book was banned by the Roman Catholic Church in 1834. Farkas was a Hungarian Szekler Unitarian who was instrumental in making a connection between American and British Unitarians and the surviving Unitarian Church in Transylvania. He was the first Hungarian Unitarian to visit America,

neg: Zakir Naik an appearance at the University of Melbourne, where he argued that only Islam gave women true equality. He said the more "revealing Western dress" makes women more susceptible to rape. Sushi Das of "The Age" commented that "Naik extolled the moral and spiritual superiority of Islam and lampooned other faiths and the West in general", further stating that Naik's words "fostered a spirit of separateness and reinforced prejudice". In August 2006, Naik's visit and conference in Cardiff caused controversy when Welsh MP David Davies called for his appearance to be cancelled. He said Naik was a "hate-monger", and that his

neg: Neoconservatism and paleoconservatism more fundamental problems," namely "a fatal defect of national character." He wrote that the Neocons are courtiers who saw "the chance presented by the vast gaping vacuum of ideas and principles that is the Republican Party." He concluded that Middle America is too willing to "clamber aboard" a GOP bandwagon "and hosanna their way down the road to perdition," instead of creating a populist replacement that might preserve "some semblance of civilized order and liberty." In addition, while Paleos and Neos quarrel over Middle East policy, Paul Gottfried argued that domestic equality and the exportability of democracy are greater points

neg: Horace R. Cayton Sr. personality, and culture which emerged from the conditions imposed by the white world. Ultimately, Cayton and Drake concluded their book with a call for the government to work more aggressively to help African Americans achieve equality. Like his father, Cayton expressed an ongoing concern for racial equality and civil rights, a theme to which he repeatedly returned in his regular column for the Pittsburgh Courier." Another son, Revels Cayton, became a labor leader and deputy mayor of San Francisco. Daughter Madge Cayton, like her brother Horace, earned a degree from the University of Washington, in her case a business degree.

neg: Roger Kimball opposition to the variety of education promoted by "university egalitarians," who devote classes to “pop novels, rock videos and third-rate works chosen simply because their authors are members of the requisite sex, ethnic group, or social minority.″ Following its publication, the book has been reviewed by individuals including Andrew Roberts, who wrote, “Burke’s timeless messages about the importance of institutions, customs, and habits, and about the fragility of cultural excellence — so easy to lose, so incredibly hard to regain — are meshed by Kimball with Tocqueville’s lessons about the central dialectic of democracy, the eternal seesaw between equality and

neg: Friendly Fascism (book) York Review of Books", ""Friendly Fascism" [...] reflects what seems to be a widespread feeling among liberals as well as conservatives that democracy in America has played itself out: that soon Americans won’t be able to govern themselves". According to Gaddis Smith, professor emeritus of history at Yale University and an expert on American foreign relations, the book is an "insightful lament over the growth of centralized power by business and government in alliance under the direction of faceless managers who [...] are replacing democracy with a form of benevolent fascism". Writing on behalf of "Eclectica Magazine", reviewer Dale Wharton

neg: Juan Zarate Mexican father and Cuban mother, he wrote his thesis on the effects of U.S. foreign policy on democracy in Latin America. In law school, he focused on international law and security issues and wrote his third-year paper on the use of private military contractors in war. Zarate is the author of two books: "Forging Democracy", a book on the impact of U.S. foreign policy on democratization in Central America (), and "Treasury's War: The Unleashing Of A New Era Of Financial Warfare", about the use of financial power to counter terrorism (). Juan Zarate Juan Carlos Zarate was a Deputy

neg: Drugs and Democracy in Rio de Janeiro urban violence in Latin America."—Latin Americanist "Accessibly written and tightly argued, this book should reorient social science and policy debates on its topic, and will find wide adoption across a range of courses."—CHOICE Democracy Rio de Janeiro State Violence Drugs and Democracy in Rio de Janeiro Drugs and Democracy in Rio de Janeiro: Trafficking, Social Networks, and Public Security is a book by Enrique Desmond Arias published by the University of North Carolina Press in 2006. This book takes an interdisciplinary approach to understand public security, government operations, and drug related operations in Rio de Janeiro's favelas. Enrique Desmond Arias

neg: Julio Ligorría consolidation of the system democratic in Guatemala. In 2000 he received the prize of the Latin American Association of Political Consultants ALACOP 2000. In 1999, Third place in the V prize of Liberalism in Latin America of the Friedrich Naumann Foundation for his essay Equality Before the Law, the Key Challenge. In 1996, the Monja Blanca Order was conferred on the rank of 1st Class, for its contributions to the consolidation of democracy in Guatemala. In 1987 he won the Ludwig Von Mises Prize awarded by the Center for Free Enterprise of Mexico for his essay on Right and Freedom

neg: Democracy in America men, as well as his apparently missing on his travels seeing the nurturing roles that many men in the United States played, particularly in the Delaware Valley region of cultures where there was a lot of influence by Society of Friends as well as a tradition of male and female equality, Tocqueville considered the separate spheres of women and men a positive development, stating: As for myself, I do not hesitate to avow that although the women of the United States are confined within the narrow circle of domestic life, and their situation is in some respects one of extreme

neg: Eric Alterman books, including the national best-sellers "What Liberal Media? The Truth About Bias and the News" (2003, 2004), and "The Book on Bush: How George W. (Mis)leads America" (2004). The others include: "Who Speaks for America? Why Democracy Matters in Foreign Policy", (1998), and the second edition of "Sound & Fury" (2000). His "It Ain't No Sin to be Glad You're Alive: The Promise of Bruce Springsteen" (1999, 2001), won the 1999 Stephen Crane Literary Award. In September 2004, Viking Press published "When Presidents Lie: A History of Official Deception and its Consequences" - a version of his doctoral dissertation -

neg: Social Democratic Party of America organized by William Burns and the other members of the national board, with the exception of Messrs. Debs and Keliher. In his speech to the convention delivered June 8, Debs outlined his ideas on the goal of the Social Democracy and the tactics which the organization had best follow: The mission of Social Democracy is to awaken the producer to a consciousness that he is a Socialist and to give him courage by changing his conditions. I have not changed in regard to our procedure. Give me 10,000 men, aye, 1,000 in a western state, with access to the sources

neg: Polyarchy eight conditions, which measure the extent to which majority rule is in effect in an organization. These are (p. 84): Dahl hypothesized that each of these conditions can be quantified, and suggested using the term polyarchy to describe an organization that scores high on the scales for all the eight conditions. Also, Dahl viewed polyarchy as a system that manages to supply a high level of inclusiveness and a high level of liberalization to its citizens. In his 1989 book, "Democracy and its critics", Dahl gives the following characteristics of a polyarchy (p. 233): Dahl's Seven Sets of Conditions for

neg: William Tyler Page shows him with his hand over his heart, gazing at the symbol of the country that he loved. The American's Creed is as follows: I believe in the United States of America as a government of the people, by the people, for the people; whose just powers are derived from the consent of the governed; a democracy in a republic; a sovereign Nation of many sovereign States; a perfect union, one and inseparable; established upon those principles of freedom, equality, justice, and humanity for which American patriots sacrificed their lives and fortunes. I therefore believe it is my duty to

neg: Ministry of Integration and Gender Equality (Sweden) Ministry for Foreign Affairs respectively. The Ministry of Integration and Gender Equality was principal for the following government agencies: Ministry of Integration and Gender Equality (Sweden) The Ministry of Integration and Gender Equality () was a ministry of the Government Offices of Sweden. Its areas of responsibility included consumer affairs, democracy issues, gender equality, human rights, integration issues, metropolitan affairs, minority issues, non-governmental organizations and youth policy. The only minister to head the ministry was Nyamko Sabuni who served as Minister for Gender Equality and as Minister for Integration. She was careful to publicly point out that she is an

neg: Democracy representative democracy, every vote has equal weight, no unreasonable restrictions can apply to anyone seeking to become a representative, and the freedom of its eligible citizens is secured by legitimised rights and liberties which are typically protected by a constitution. Other uses of "democracy" include that of direct democracy. One theory holds that democracy requires three fundamental principles: upward control (sovereignty residing at the lowest levels of authority), political equality, and social norms by which individuals and institutions only consider acceptable acts that reflect the first two principles of upward control and political equality. The term "democracy" is sometimes used

neg: Community development democracy, equality, environmental and social justice. The purpose of community development is understood by IACD as being to work with communities to achieve participative democracy, sustainable development, rights, economic opportunity, equality and social justice. This practice is carried out by people in different roles and contexts, including people explicitly called professional community workers (and people taking on essentially the same role but with a different job title), together with professionals in other occupations ranging from social work, adult education, youth work, health disciplines, environmental education, local economic development, to urban planning, regeneration, architecture and more who seek to apply community

neg: An Economic Theory of Democracy An Economic Theory of Democracy An Economic Theory of Democracy is a political science treatise written by Anthony Downs, published in 1957. The book set forth a model with precise conditions under which economic theory could be applied to non-market political decision-making. It also suggested areas of empirical research that could be tested to confirm the validity of his conclusions in the model. Much of this offshoot research eventually became integrated into the Public Choice School. Downs' theory abstains from making normative statements about public policy choices and instead focuses on what is rational, given the relevant incentives, for government

neg: Radical Democracy Party (United States) Radical Democracy Party (United States) The Radical Democracy Party was an abolitionist and anti-Confederate political party in the United States. The party was formed to contest the 1864 presidential election and it was made up largely of disaffected Radical Republicans who felt that President Abraham Lincoln was too moderate on the issues of slavery and racial equality. John C. Frémont was nominated as the party's presidential candidate, with John Cochrane as his running mate. However, their campaign failed to gain momentum and not wanting to act as a spoiler against Lincoln, they withdrew from the race in September. The new

neg: Radical Democracy Party (United States) run a candidate in the 1864 election. Radical Democracy Party (United States) The Radical Democracy Party was an abolitionist and anti-Confederate political party in the United States. The party was formed to contest the 1864 presidential election and it was made up largely of disaffected Radical Republicans who felt that President Abraham Lincoln was too moderate on the issues of slavery and racial equality. John C. Frémont was nominated as the party's presidential candidate, with John Cochrane as his running mate. However, their campaign failed to gain momentum and not wanting to act as a spoiler against Lincoln, they withdrew

neg: Harlem's Rattlers and the Great War Harlem's Rattlers and the Great War Harlem's Rattlers and the Great War: The Undaunted 369th Regiment and the African American Quest for Equality is a book co-authored by John H. Morrow Jr. and Jeffrey T. Sammons. The book was published by the University Press of Kansas in 2014.The book details the experiences of the African American 369th Regiment in World War I. The book also explores the racial climate in the era and how the 369th Regiment fits into the larger narrative of the African American campaign for equality in America. “A book that readers of military history will cherish

neg: Harlem's Rattlers and the Great War twentieth century, and African American history.” Harlem's Rattlers and the Great War Harlem's Rattlers and the Great War: The Undaunted 369th Regiment and the African American Quest for Equality is a book co-authored by John H. Morrow Jr. and Jeffrey T. Sammons. The book was published by the University Press of Kansas in 2014.The book details the experiences of the African American 369th Regiment in World War I. The book also explores the racial climate in the era and how the 369th Regiment fits into the larger narrative of the African American campaign for equality in America. “A book that

neg: Charles Chauncy (1705–1787) in human free will, an affirmation of universal salvation and thus the spiritual equality of all. These claims undermined the doctrinal traditions of his own Calvinist faith tradition and the social hierarchy he extolled from the beginning to the end of his life. The construction of a rational, Enlightenment foundation for a theologically progressive but deeply embedded, socially conservative liberal faith tradition began with Charles Chauncy. Thanks in no small part to Chauncy's life and work, by 1804 a liberal Christian view was the dominant one in Boston. This complex conservative man had inadvertently sparked a new American liberal theological

neg: Social class in American history deference faded away as frontiersmen treated each other as equals. Third the frontiersmen forced new levels of political equality through Jefferson Democracy and Jacksonian Democracy. Finally the frontier provided a safety valve whereby discontented easterners could find their own lands. Historians now agree that few Eastern city people went to the frontier, but many farmers did so; before 1850 the America had few cities, which were mostly small, and the vast majority of people were rural. According to the Turner model, the social structure of the East was similar to the familiar European class-based structure, while the West increasingly became