query: where did the first fleet arrived in australia

pos: First Fleet later discovered to have been shipwrecked off the coast of Vanikoro in the present-day Solomon Islands. On 26 January 1788, the Fleet weighed anchor and sailed to Port Jackson. The site selected for the anchorage had deep water close to the shore, was sheltered, and had a small stream flowing into it. Phillip named it Sydney Cove, after Lord Sydney the British Home Secretary. This date is celebrated as Australia Day, marking the beginning of British settlement. The British flag was planted and formal possession taken. This was done by Phillip and some officers and marines from the "Supply", with

pos: John Mason (master) died of scurvy on the return voyage. John Mason (master) John Mason was master of the "Prince of Wales" a transport ship in the First Fleet, assigned to transport convicts for the European colonisation of Australia. "Prince of Wales" left Portsmouth on 13 May 1787, carrying 47 female convicts. Six days later two male convicts were also transferred aboard; the ringleaders of a failed mutiny aboard fellow First Fleet transport "Scarborough." The Fleet arrived at Port Jackson, Sydney, Australia, on 26 January 1788. Mason's ship left Port Jackson on 14 August 1788, and arrived back in London, via Rio de

pos: John Mason (master) John Mason (master) John Mason was master of the "Prince of Wales" a transport ship in the First Fleet, assigned to transport convicts for the European colonisation of Australia. "Prince of Wales" left Portsmouth on 13 May 1787, carrying 47 female convicts. Six days later two male convicts were also transferred aboard; the ringleaders of a failed mutiny aboard fellow First Fleet transport "Scarborough." The Fleet arrived at Port Jackson, Sydney, Australia, on 26 January 1788. Mason's ship left Port Jackson on 14 August 1788, and arrived back in London, via Rio de Janeiro, on 30 April 1789. John Mason

pos: Port Jackson the coast to sound the entrance and examine Cook's Port Jackson. Phillip first stayed over night at Camp Cove, then moved down the harbour, landing at Sydney Cove and then Manly Cove before returning to Botany Bay on the afternoon of 24 January. Phillip returned to Sydney Cove in HM Armed Tender "Supply" on 26 January 1788, where he established the first colony in Australia, later to become the city of Sydney. In his first dispatch from the colony back to England, Governor Phillip noted that: The Great White Fleet, the United States Navy battle fleet, arrived in Port Jackson

pos: Colonial forces of Australia into the Australian Army. Australia was first formally claimed by Great Britain on 22 August 1770 by James Cook RN, however it was not settled until 26 January 1788 with the arrival of the First Fleet. Frustrated in 1783 by the loss of their American colonies on the signing of the Treaty of Paris which formally ended the American Revolutionary War, the British sought a new destination for the transportation of convicts. The fleet, consisting of 11 ships, had arrived in Australia with just over 1100, of which around 750 convicts under the guard of marines, to establish a colony

pos: Penal transportation prisoners to Cape Coast Castle (modern Ghana) and the Gorée (Senegal) in West Africa, British authorities turned their attention to New South Wales (in what would become Australia). From the 1820s until the 1860s, convicts were sent to Bermuda to work on the construction of the Royal Naval Dockyard and other defence works, including an area still known as "Convict Bay", at St. George's town. In 1787, the "First Fleet" of convict ships departed from England to establish the first British settlement in Australia, as a penal colony. The fleet arrived at Port Jackson (Sydney) on 26 January 1788, a

pos: Thoroughbred racing in Australia growing in recent years with over 100,000 attracted to the running of the Melbourne Cup, the Victoria Derby and the VRC Oaks race meets. The Golden Slipper Stakes, Caulfield Cup and W S Cox Plate are also major attractions. The first horses that came to Australia arrived on the "Lady Penrhyn" with the First Fleet on 26 January 1788. It is thought that they consisted of one stallion, one colt, three mares, and two fillies from Cape Town, South Africa. (Young) Rockingham was one of the first bloodhorses to be imported into Australia, c.1797. In 1802, the stallion Northumberland and

neg: First Fleet Re-enactment Voyage a radiothon on Australia's Macquarie Radio Network raised $900,000 and further corporate sponsorships were secured. The seven ships were joined by "One and All" off Rio de Janeiro. While crossing the Atlantic to Cape Town, "Anna Kristina"s first mate was lost overboard. The fleet arrived at Fremantle in early December, where "Eye of the Wind" was added to the fleet before they crossed southern Australia. The fleet arrived in Sydney Harbour on Australia Day (26 January) 1988. Despite being recognised as the "Best Event" of the bicentenary, the project made a loss financially. In 1787, a fleet of eleven small

neg: Second Fleet (Australia) Second Fleet (Australia) The Second Fleet is the name of the second fleet of ships sent with settlers, convicts and supplies to the colony at Sydney Cove in Port Jackson, Australia. The fleet comprised six ships: one Royal Navy escort, four convict ships, and a supply ship. The ships were intended to sail to Australia together, arriving at Sydney Cove in 1789. However the escort was disabled en route and failed to make the destination, and one convict ship which was delayed arrived two months after the other ships. Unlike the preceding First Fleet, where great efforts were taken to

neg: HMAS Australia (D84) ships arrived at Milne Bay two days later, in case of retaliatory sea attacks on the recently captured town of Finschhafen. The counterattack did not come, and the two ships sailed for Brisbane on 21 October, where the task force was built up to two cruisers and four destroyers. The ships then sailed for Milne Bay, where they remained until they were ordered to Port Purvis on 11 November to serve as support for the Third Fleet following the start of the Bougainville invasion. Although "Australia" and the task force arrived on 13 November, they were ordered to return to

neg: Catholic education in Australia Network (CEnet). The first permanent Catholics in Australia came on the First Fleet to Sydney in 1788. One-tenth of all the convicts who came to Australia on the First Fleet were Catholic and at least half of them were born in Ireland. A small proportion of British marines were also Catholic. Just as the British were setting up the new colony, French captain Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse arrived off Botany Bay with two ships. La Pérouse was 6 weeks in Port Jackson, where the French, besides other things, held Catholic masses. Some of the Irish convicts had been

neg: Alnwick Castle (1801 EIC ship) Ocean and the Straits of Malacca, the fleet sailed south of Western Australia and through Bass Strait. The objectives were two-fold: to avoid French ships reported to be in the Indian Ocean, and to improve the charting of Bass Strait. The fleet then sailed to Norfolk Island, which was the next rendezvous point after Saint Paul Island, for members that had separated. "Taunton Castle" had separated in the South Atlantic and although she arrived at Norfolk Island three days after the fleet had sailed on, did not rejoin the rest of the fleet until she arrived at Haerlem Bay, in

neg: Cornish Australians Cornish people first arrived in Australia with Captain Cook, most notably Zachary Hickes, and there were some Cornish convicts on the First Fleet, James Ruse, Mary Bryant, along with several of the early governors. The creation of South Australia, with its emphasis on being free of convicts and religious discrimination, was championed by many Cornish religious dissenting groups and Cornish people comprised a sizeable proportion of settlers to that colony. Large scale Cornish emigration to Australia did not begin until the 1840s, coinciding with the Cornish potato famine and slumps in the Cornish mining industry. The gold rushes and copper

neg: Thomas the Slav to the Golden Horn, while the Imperial Fleet further guarded the capital from the sea. Nevertheless, judging from Michael's passive stance, his forces were inferior to Thomas's; Warren Treadgold estimates Michael's army to have numbered approximately 35,000 men. Thomas's fleet arrived at the capital first. Facing no opposition from the Imperial Fleet, the rebels broke or unfastened the chain and entered the Golden Horn, taking station near the mouths of the Barbysos river, where they awaited the arrival of Thomas and his army. Thomas arrived in early December. The sight of his huge force did not cow the capital's inhabitants:

neg: Batavia Castle The "Batavia" fleet was supposed to carry the stone ornaments for the gates of Batavia Castle. "Batavia", which departed from Texel on October 29, 1628, was shipwrecked on the Houtman Abrolhos, Western Australia, on June 4, 1629. On July 7, 1692, Pelsaert arrived at Batavia to report the shipwreck, so on July 15 the "Sardam" departed from Batavia to rescue the "Batavia" fleet and salvage the goods which include material for the decorative gates. "Sardam" arrived at the wreck-site and did its mission between September 17 to November 15, 1629. It arrived back at Batavia on December 5, 1629. Apparently,

neg: HMAS Australia (1911) warships prepared for a formal fleet entry into Sydney Harbour. On 4 October, "Australia" led the fleet into Sydney Harbour, where responsibility for Australian naval defence was passed from the Royal Navy's Australia Squadron, commanded by King-Hall aboard , to the RAN, commanded by Patey aboard "Australia". In her first year of service, "Australia" visited as many major Australian ports as possible, to expose the new navy to the widest possible audience and induce feelings of nationhood: naval historian David Stevens claims that these visits did more to break down state rivalries and promote the unity of Australia as a

neg: Thomas Hudson Beare (pioneer) Thomas Hudson Beare (pioneer) Thomas Hudson Beare (30 December 1792 – 7 November 1861) was an early settler of South Australia, regarded as the colony's first storekeeper. His daughter Arabella has been cited as the first of the fleet to set foot on South Australian shores, and his wife Lucy as the first white woman to die in South Australia. Thomas H Beare of Netley, Hampshire, his wife Lucy, and their four children arrived at Kangaroo Island, South Australia aboard "Duke of York", one of the "First Fleet of South Australia", on 27 or 28 July 1836. Lucy, who had

neg: First Fleet theory, that smallpox had arrived in Australia through contact with fishermen from Makassar in Indonesia, where smallpox was endemic. In 2011, Macknight stated: “The overwhelming probability must be that it [smallpox] was introduced, like the later epidemics, by [Indonesian] trepangers ... and spread across the continent to arrive in Sydney quite independently of the new settlement there.” There is a fourth theory, that the 1789 epidemic was not smallpox but chickenpox – to which indigenous Australians also had no inherited resistance – that happened to be affecting, or was carried by, members of the First Fleet. This theory has also

neg: Macquarie Place Park though they were much ignored. Buildings like the obelisk show attempts to create a Georgian town with elegant buildings and regular layout. Macquarie resigned his post before Bigge arrived but remained in office until 1821. Macquarie Place also retains evidence of the first defences of the Colony taken from the warship of the First Fleet. The salvaged anchor and canon of the "Sirius" are still mounted in Macquarie Place. The "Sirius" was the man-of-war flagship which escorted the First Fleet to Australia. The "Sirius" sailed from England with the First Fleet on 13 May 1787, arrived in Botany Bay on

neg: Third Fleet (Australia) some argument about whether she was the last ship of the Second Fleet, or the first ship of the Third Fleet, or simply sailing independently, as was HMS "Gorgon". The vessels that unambiguously belong to the third fleet all left together. The ships that make up each fleet, however, are decided from the viewpoint of the settlers in Sydney Cove. For them, the second set of ships arrived in 1790 (June), and the third set of ships arrived in 1791 (July–October). The "Mary Ann" was a 1791 arrival. The next ship to arrive just over three weeks later, on 1

neg: Borrowdale (1785 ship) Borrowdale (1785 ship) Borrowdale was a three-masted, square rigged merchant ship, launched in 1785, that served as a storeship of the First Fleet, a convoy of 11 ships taking settlers and convicts to establish the first European colony in Australia. She was wrecked in 1789. "Borrowdale" was built in Sunderland in 1785. The British government immediately chartered her to participate in the First Fleet. She left Portsmouth on 13 May 1787, and arrived at Botany Bay, Sydney, Australia on 20 January 1788. Along with most other ships of the First Fleet, "Borrowdale" sailed on to Port Jackson arriving 26 January

neg: History of Perth, Western Australia establish a penal colony in the western part of Australia, the Colonial Office assented to the proposal in mid-October 1828. The first fleet of settlers arrived in June 1829, disembarking with their possessions on the sandy beaches north of the Swan River. No advance party had been sent, no land had been allocated, and no buildings had been constructed. Under intense pressure from the settlers, Stirling's energetic Surveyor-General, John Septimus Roe went to work demarcating the allotments along the river. The fertile locations around Perth did not extend very far from the Swan and Canning Rivers, and the most fertile

neg: History of the Jews in Australia There were probably more, but exact numbers are not possible as the transportation records did not indicate a convict's religion. Over a thousand more people of Jewish descent are estimated to have been sent to Australia as convicts during the next 60 years. Most of them came from London, were of working-class background and were male. Only 7% of Jewish convicts were female, compared to 15% for non-Jewish convicts. The average age of the Jewish convicts was 25, but ranged as young as 8 to some elderly people. Esther Abrahams (who arrived with the First Fleet, with her baby daughter

neg: Journals of the First Fleet Journals of the First Fleet There are 20 known contemporary accounts of the First Fleet made by people sailing in the Fleet, including journals (both manuscript and published) and letters. The eleven ships of the Fleet, carrying over 1,000 convicts, soldiers and seamen, left England on 13 May 1787 and arrived in Botany Bay between 18 and 20 January 1788 before relocating to Port Jackson to establish the first European settlement in Australia, a penal colony which became Sydney. At least 12 people on the Fleet kept a journal of their experiences, some of which were later published, while others

neg: Cretan War (1645–1669) the twice as large Ottoman fleet. The remainders of the Ottoman fleet withdrew to Rhodes, from where they were however able to reach Candia. Mocenigo was replaced soon after by Leonardo Foscolo, but both sides did not accomplish much in the next two years, although the Ottomans did succeed in supplying their forces on Crete while keeping their fleet intact. For 1654, the Ottomans marshaled their strength: the Arsenal ("Tersâne-i Âmire") in the Golden Horn produced new warships, and squadrons from Tripolitania and Tunis arrived to strengthen the Ottoman fleet. The strengthened Ottoman fleet that sailed forth from the Dardanelles

neg: Second Fleet (Australia) ensure the health of the convicts, the Second Fleet was contracted to private businesses who kept the convicts in horrific conditions. Upon arrival the sickly convicts were a drain on the already struggling colony. "Lady Juliana" sailed before the other convict ships and is not always counted as a member of the Second Fleet. It comprised women who were sent to provide sexual services to the male members of the established colony. The storeship "Justinian" did not sail with the convict ships and arrived before them. set out before the convict ships but struck ice after leaving the Cape of

neg: USS Bootes (AK-99) of eastern New Guinea. From there, the cargo ship continued on to Brisbane, Australia, where she arrived on 28 May. About a month later, she returned to the New Guinea coast to begin service as an ammunition issue ship at various locations on the island. Early in September, "Bootes" moved to Seeadler Harbor, Manus, where she resumed duty issuing ammunition to ships of the 7th Fleet. The cargo ship served at Seeadler Harbor from 7 September until 20 October, at which time she set sail for Australia. She arrived at Brisbane on 28 October, and remained there until 14 November.

neg: Italian Australians Italian Australians have a low rate of return migration to Italy. In December 2001, the Department of Foreign Affairs estimated that there were 30,000 Australian citizens resident in Italy. These are likely to be largely returned Italian emigrants with Australian citizenship, and their Italian-Australian children. Italians have been arriving in Australia in a limited number since before the first fleet. Two individuals of Italian descent served on board the Endeavour when James Cook arrived in Australia in 1770. Giuseppe Tuzi was among the convicts transported to Australia by the British in the First Fleet. Another early notable arrival, for his

neg: HMS Uganda (66) circulation throughout the ship and more fresh water capacity. "Uganda" left Halifax, Nova Scotia, on 31 October 1944 and steamed via the United Kingdom where following her reconstruction at Charleston, the cruiser underwent further modification. She departed the United Kingdom in January 1945 and sailed to the Pacific, stopping at Gibraltar, Alexandria, Egypt, the Suez Canal, and on via Aden and Colombo, Ceylon, to the fleet base at Fremantle, Australia, where she arrived on 4 March 1945. As the flagship for the RCN, "Uganda" served in the Pacific War with the British Pacific Fleet joining the British Pacific Fleet at

neg: HMS Express (H61) escort the battleship "Prince of Wales" to the Far East with her sister where the ships would form the nucleus of a new Eastern Fleet intended to deter Japanese aggression. The trio departed Greenock on 25 October and arrived at Colombo, Ceylon, on 28 November. The following day, the destroyers and "Jupiter" joined them from the Mediterranean Fleet as did the battlecruiser "Repulse". The force then set course for Singapore, where they arrived on 2 December. After receiving the reports of the attack on Pearl Harbor and landings in Malaya by the Japanese, Force Z put to sea in the

neg: Taunton Castle (1790 EIC ship) Cape of Good Hope. To avoid French ships reported to be in the Indian Ocean, the fleet sailed towards Western Australia, rather than to the Straits of Malacca. "Taunton Castle" separated in the South Atlantic. She was at Amsterdam Island on 13 October. The fleet sailed to Norfolk Island via Bass Strait; Norfolk Island was the next rendezvous point after Saint Paul Island, for members that had separated. "Taunton Castle" transited Bass Strait on 4 November, and arrived at Norfolk Island on 13 November, three days after the fleet had sailed on. "Taunton Castle" did not rejoin the rest of

neg: Garden Island Naval Precinct battlecruiser HMAS "Australia" which was constructed from 1910 and arrived amidst much fanfare with other fleet units on 4 October 1913. Their entry to Port Jackson initiated the tradition of the naval fleet review. The fleet also comprised the light cruisers HMAS Sydney, HMAS Melbourne and the aging HMAS Encounter, the torpedo boat destroyers HMAS Parramatta, HMAS Warrego and HMAS Yarra, and the two submarines HMAS AE1 and HMAS AE2 (which did not arrive until 1914). During World War I (1914–1918) Garden Island was the principal naval asset for the fitting out and arming of transports and troopships. Some 79

neg: Economic history of Australia Jackson area. According to the first census of 1788 as reported by Governor Phillip to Lord Sydney, the Home Secretary, the white population in the colony was 1,030, of which 753 were convicts and their children, and the colony also had 7 horses, 29 sheep, 74 swine, 6 rabbits, and 7 cattle. The Indigenous population was not counted or estimated, nor reported at that point. Further settlers arrived: the Second Fleet arrived in 1789, the Third Fleet arrived in 1791, and other convict transports followed. Governors of New South Wales had authority to make land grants to free settlers, emancipists

neg: César Montenegro Paniagua and it is rumored the assassination was undertaken with presidential sanction. Méndez was his first cousin and did not attend the funeral however he did send a funeral wreath. Domingo Rafael fled Guatemala in the late 1980s leaving behind his estranged wife and four children. He moved to Australia where he claimed political asylum, however some may say this claim was undeserved as he was never involved in the political struggle in Guatemala. Maria Dolores arrived in Australia with the aid of Amnesty International in 1992 where she lived out the reminder of her life until 2007 when she lost

neg: HMS Speaker (D90) paused briefly at Alexandria and refuelled at Aden. Flying practice continued en route, one aircraft and pilot being lost in an accident in the Red Sea. At Colombo, where they arrived on 4 February, "Speaker" and "Slinger" were ordered onward to join the British Pacific Fleet (BPF) at Sydney, Australia. While off Western Australia, the two carriers assisted in a search for survivors of a troopship sinking. They arrived at Sydney on 23 February. Eight of "Speaker"'s aircraft and pilots were transferred to . While in port, repairs and maintenance were completed and crew enjoyed shore leave in local homes.

neg: Ansett Australia not cost-effective to restore them to an airworthy state. The disposal of the former fleet did not progress quickly, given the depressed aviation market and the subsequent lack of demand by other carriers around the world whose operations had been crippled by the 9/11 attacks only months before. Following the final flight, nearly all of the A320 fleet was ferried back empty to Melbourne, where they sat at abandoned gates in storage. The Airbus A320 and Boeing 737 fleets ultimately found new owners first, and departed Australia between March 2002 and December 2006 as the banks finally reclaimed them, or

neg: International Fleet Review 2013 ships arrived at Jervis Bay, New South Wales, where the rest of the Australian fleet joined them: the protected cruiser "Encounter", the light cruiser "Melbourne", and the destroyers "Parramatta", "Warrego", and "Yarra". On 4 October 1913 the ships, led by "Australia", entered Sydney Harbour in an event that was witnessed by thousands of sightseers around the harbour, amidst nationalistic euphoria. A summary of the main events planned for the IFR 2013 week is listed below. As of 2 October 2013, the following participants from about 20 nations were confirmed. Participating naval bands included: International Fleet Review 2013 The International Fleet

neg: History of Australian naval aviation arrived in Australia with three Bristol Sycamore helicopters for the Fleet Air Arm. Although not the first helicopters to see military service in Australia (that title belonging to a Sikorsky S-51 of the RAAF), the Sycamores formed the first Australian military helicopter squadron, and prompted the establishment of Australia's first helicopter pilot school. "Vengeance" was returned to the United Kingdom in 1955, with the crew transferred to "Majestic", which was commissioned into the RAN as on 28 October 1955. The new carrier delivered new aircraft to the Fleet Air Arm: the de Havilland Sea Venom jet fighter-bomber for 805 and

neg: Robert George Thomas a site for the city of Adelaide, and survey it ready for sale to speculators and prospective residents. They were part of the "First Fleet of South Australia" of 1836: Light was on the "Rapid", but Thomas was with Kingston, aboard "Cygnet", which arrived in South Australia a month after "Rapid", much to Light's annoyance. The sixteen-year-old Thomas was confusingly also listed as a passenger on the "Rapid". His parents and brother Robert Kyffin Thomas were also in the "First Fleet" aboard "Africaine", to set up the colony's first newspaper, the South Australian Register, and print the Government Gazette. It

neg: Tondo (historical polity) desire to expand his fleet even further as he made his way back to Lusong and Maynila, where he could use the size of his fleet as leverage against his cousin, the ruler of Tondo. Tondo and its rulers were initially ignored by the Spanish during the conquest of Manila bay, because the Spanish focused their attention on Manila, which had fortifications that Tondo did not. While Spanish colonizers first arrived in the Philippines in 1521, the Spanish only reached the Manila Bay area and its settlements in 1570, when Miguel López de Legazpi sent Martín de Goiti to investigate

neg: Armada de Molucca Armada de Molucca The Armada de Molucca was the name of the Spanish fleet led by Ferdinand Magellan in the first expedition to sail to the Spice Islands from Europe and the first world circumnavigation. The fleet sailed from Spain in 1519 across the Atlantic and then Pacific Oceans. After Magellan's death in the Philippines in 1521, Juan Sebastian Elcano took command of the fleet which arrived in the Spice Islands a few months later, and led the expedition back to Spain across the Indian Ocean where they arrived in 1522. The fleet, provided by King Charles V, included five

neg: USS General W. F. Hase (AP-146) next 12 months "General W. F. Hase" made six round-trip voyages, including two circumnavigations of the earth, while deploying troops to and from the United States. Departing San Pedro 9 May, she carried 2,600 troops to Melbourne, Australia, where she arrived 27 May. After steaming to Fremantle, Australia, she reached Calcutta, India, 14 June, and embarked 2,500 homebound soldiers. She then sailed for the United States via Ceylon and the Suez Canal and arrived Norfolk 20 July. She departed Norfolk 5 August for the Mediterranean; and as part of the "Magic Carpet" fleet, she embarked more than 3,000 troops at

neg: Ceres (1797 EIC ship) escort. The fleet arrived at Rio de Janeiro around 14–18 August; "Ceres" arrived on 17 August. The fleet left Rio on 1 September and later passed the Cape of Good Hope. To avoid French ships reported to be in the Indian Ocean, the fleet sailed towards Western Australia, rather than to the Straits of Malacca. The fleet sailed to Norfolk Island via Bass Strait; Norfolk Island was the next rendezvous point after Saint Paul Island, for members that had separated. "Ceres" arrived at Whampoa on 13 January 1805. Homeward bound, she crossed the Second Bar on 14 February, reached Malacca

neg: First Fleet council contributed $28,000 for pathways and fencing. Collins hand-chiseled the names of all those who came to Australia on the eleven ships in 1788 on stone tablets along the garden pathways. The stories of those who arrived on the ships, their life, and first encounters with the Australian country are presented throughout the garden. On 26 January 2005, the First Fleet Garden was opened as the major memorial to the First Fleet immigrants. Previously the only other specific memorial to the First Fleeters was an obelisk at Brighton-Le-Sands, New South Wales. The surrounding area has a barbecue, tables, and amenities.

neg: Isidro Barradas fleet was dispersed by a violent storm in the Bay of Campeche. The rallying point was the Isla de Lobos (Veracruz), but the weather made it difficult to reassemble. The frigate "Amalia" and four transports arrived there on July 14. More ships arrived in the following week. By July 22, nearly all had reached the reassembly point. One transport with 400 troops was forced to go to New Orleans for repairs. On July 26 the fleet arrived off Cabo Rojo, near Tampico. On the 27th the first operation began, with 25 skiffs and 750 men, but the surf did not

neg: History of Australia (1901–45) History of Australia (1901–45) The history of Australia from 1901–1945 begins with the federation of the six colonies to create the Commonwealth of Australia. The young nation joined Britain in the First World War, suffered through the Great Depression in Australia as part of the global Great Depression and again joined Britain in the Second World War against Nazi Germany in 1939. Imperial Japan launched air raids and submarine raids against Australian cities during the Pacific War. The First Fleet of British ships had arrived at Sydney Harbour in 1788, founding the first of what would evolve into six self-governed

neg: USS Medusa (AR-1) and support the fleet in 1925. She departed Honolulu, Hawaii, on 1 July 1925 with the battle fleet and accompanied it on a voyage across the Pacific Ocean to Australia and New Zealand and then back to San Pedro, where she arrived with the fleet on 26 September 1925. In the late 1920s, "Medusa" stepped outside her normal repair duties to play a transport role. On 11 May 1927 she departed San Pedro carrying seven officers and 78 enlisted men of the U.S. Marine Corps's Marine Observation Squadron 4 and their six Boeing O2B-1 aircraft to Nicaragua. In July 1928,

neg: Convicts in Australia and in 1787, the First Fleet of eleven convict ships set sail for Botany Bay, arriving on 20 January 1788 to found Sydney, New South Wales, the first European settlement on the continent. Other penal colonies were later established in Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania) in 1803 and Queensland in 1824, while Western Australia, founded in 1829 as a free colony, received convicts from 1850. South Australia and Victoria, established in 1836 and 1850 respectively, remained free colonies. Penal transportation to Australia peaked in the 1830s and dropped off significantly the following decade. The last convict ship arrived in Western Australia

neg: John Easty John Easty John Easty (fl. 1786–1793) was a marine in the New South Wales Marine Corps who served in the First Fleet that establish the British colony of New South Wales, Australia in 1788. Easty joined the marines no later than January 1784, and was appointed to Captain-Lieutenant Meredith's company on 4 November 1787. He arrived with the First Fleet on the "Scarborough", Easty was the lowest ranking author of the surviving journals of the First Fleet. He describes events on the voyage and in the colony in simple, irregular English. Incidents include accidents, crimes and punishments, and encounters with

neg: First Fleet of the National Defense University in the United States wrote in 2015 that there was a "strong circumstantial case supporting the theory that someone deliberately introduced smallpox in the Aboriginal population." Other historians have disputed the idea that there was a deliberate release of smallpox virus and/or suggest that it arrived with visitors to Australia other than the First Fleet. It has been suggested that live smallpox virus may have been introduced accidentally when Aboriginal people came into contact with variolous matter brought by the First Fleet for use in anti-smallpox inoculations. In 2002, historian Judy Campbell offered a further

neg: HMS Athenienne (1800) "Taunton Castle" had separated in the South Atlantic and although she arrived at Norfolk Island three days after the fleet had sailed on, did not rejoin the rest of the fleet until she arrived at Haerlem Bay, in China. The arrival of the "Athenienne" and the East Indiamen at Norfolk Island sowed panic among the colonists there who feared that a French flotilla had arrived. The fleet arrived at Whampoa in mid-January 1805. The fleet then returned to England via the Straits of Malacca. "Arniston", for example, crossed the Second Bar on 14 February, reached Malacca on 21 March and

neg: HMS Unicorn (I72) in the Sakishima Islands and Formosa before and during the early stages of the invasion of Okinawa. "Unicorn" was primarily engaged in preparing aircraft for issue to the operational squadrons aboard the fleet carriers during this time, rather than repair them, but she did repair, modify or service 105 aircraft in March–May 1945. The ship sailed for Australia on 22 May and arrived in Sydney on 1 June. She sailed for Brisbane on 6 June to have her bottom cleaned at the Cairncross Dockyard and to load more replacement aircraft. "Unicorn" arrived at Manus on 22 July to prepare for

neg: USS Turner Joy on needed items. After 2 weeks there it went on to Hong Kong, Singapore, Australia, & New Zealand. During this time the ship did sea trials with the Navies of Australia and New Zealand. Upon departing the ship stopped at the American Samoa Island of Pago Pago on the way back to Hawaii before returning to the USA. The ship arrived in San Diego, Ca. in November 1980 to the joy of the crew. In 1982, as the new "Spruance"-class destroyers joined the fleet, the Navy announced the retirement of "Turner Joy" and her sister ships saying, "...the cost of

neg: Thomas Jamison (sources differ). In 1786, he was assigned to as a surgeon's mate (apprentice surgeon). "Sirius" had been designated to act as the armed escort to a convoy of convict transports and supply ships that would become known as the First Fleet. The fleet's mission was to establish a permanent British penal colony in New South Wales, on the strategic east coast of Australia. Jamison sailed for Australia in May 1787 from Portsmouth, southern England. He arrived safely with the fleet at their final destination, the site of the future City of Sydney, in January the following year. Shortly after their

neg: USS General W. C. Langfitt (AP-151) where she arrived 20 May. She decommissioned there 6 June 1946 and was returned to WSA for use by the Army Transport Service. In February 1949 the "General W. C. Langfitt" left Bremerhaven with European immigrants and arrived in Buenos Aires on 25 March 1949. On 22 May 1949 USAT "General W. C. Langfitt" left Naples with 826 displaced persons from Europe and arrived in Melbourne on 17 June 1949. This voyage was one of almost 150 "Fifth Fleet" voyages by some 40 ships bringing refugees of World War II to Australia. "General W. C. Langfitt" made two more such

neg: History of sport in Australia History of sport in Australia The history of sport in Australia dates back to the pre-colonial period of the country. Sport arrived in Australia with the First Fleet in 1788. Many of the officers and convicts were familiar and comfortable with the sporting traditions of that era – horseracing, cricket, boxing, pedestrianism and sports involving animals, such as cockfighting. Although physical survival was rather more important than recreation in the first decades of European settlement, many of the new settlers brought their love of sport with them. Lieutenant George Johnston, noted cannibal and the first European to set foot ashore

neg: Auslan Australia, and Australians, to learn and use Auslan as a natural language, as a human right for Australians. Auslan evolved from sign languages brought to Australia during the nineteenth century from Britain and Ireland. The earliest record of a deaf Australian was convict Elizabeth Steel, who arrived in 1790 on the Second Fleet ship "Lady Juliana". There is as yet no historical evidence, however, that she used a sign language. The first known signing Deaf immigrant was the engraver John Carmichael who arrived in Sydney in 1825 from Edinburgh. He had been to a Deaf school there, and was known

neg: Environmental movement in Australia home. The first signs of the environmental movement in Australia began with the growing naturalism movement at the turn of the 19th century. The first naturalists arrived in Australia very early. Joseph Banks, a botanist and naturalist, was a member of First voyage of James Cook and the First Fleet. Despite some significant discoveries by botanists such as Joseph Maiden it wasn't for many decades and with the rapid deterioration of native habitat and growing understanding of the native environment that the first organised clubs began to form. The Field Naturalists Club of Victoria was formed in 1880, followed shortly

neg: Neptune (1796 EIC ship) William Donaldson acquired a letter of marque on 23 February 1804. He sailed from Portsmouth on 9 June 1804. "Neptune" was part of a convoy of nine Indiamen, all bound for China: , "Arniston", , "Cuffnells", , , , and . provided the escort. The fleet arrived at Rio de Janeiro around 14–18 August; "Neptune" arrived on 17 August. The fleet left Rio on 1 September and later passed the Cape of Good Hope. To avoid French ships reported to be in the Indian Ocean, the fleet sailed towards Western Australia, rather than to the Straits of Malacca. The fleet

neg: HMS Dominion (1903) became a Home Fleet unit in that division. Under a fleet reorganization in May 1912, "Dominion" and all seven of her sisters of the "King Edward VII" class (, , , , , , and "Zealandia") were assigned to form the 3rd Battle Squadron, assigned to the First Fleet, Home Fleet, although "Dominion" was initially attached to the 2nd Battle Squadron and did not join the 3rd Battle Squadron until June 1912. The squadron was detached to the Mediterranean in November 1912 because of the First Balkan War (October 1912 – May 1913); it arrived at Malta on 27 November

neg: HNLMS Jacob van Heemskerck (1939) arrived at Fremantle, Australia, and came under the command of Allied Naval Forces Western Australia, where she performed convoy duties. On 28 November 1942, "Heemskerck", in the company of the Australian cruiser , identified and damaged the German supply vessel and blockade runner "Ramses", which was subsequently scuttled by her own crew in the Indian Ocean. On 1 December 1943, the ship returned to the Eastern Fleet and on 27 December, she set sail for the Mediterranean Sea where she, again, performed convoy duties till she was recalled to England for maintenance in June 1944. On 26 July 1945 "Jacob

neg: John Jamison John Jamison Sir John Jamison (1776 – 29 June 1844) was an Australian physician, pastoralist, banker, politician, constitutional reformer and public figure. John Jamison was born in Carrickfergus, County Antrim, Ireland in 1776. Throughout his life he would pronounce his surname "Jemison", in the Irish manner. He was the son of Thomas Jamison (1752/53-1811) and Rebecca (1746-1838). Thomas Jamison was a Northern Irishman, who arrived in New South Wales, Australia, with the First Fleet in 1788, aboard , as a surgeon's mate. Soon afterwards, Thomas was sent to the auxiliary British colony of Norfolk Island, where he served as principal

neg: Siege of Yorktown did not realize how large the French fleet was, and neither did Cornwallis. The British fleet was defeated by de Grasse's fleet in the Battle of the Chesapeake on September 5, and forced to fall back to New York. On September 14, Washington arrived in Williamsburg, Virginia. On September 26, transports with artillery, siege tools, and some French infantry and shock troops from Head of Elk, the northern end of the Chesapeake Bay, arrived, giving Washington command of an army of 7,800 Frenchmen, 3,100 militia, and 8,000 Continentals. Early on September 28, Washington led the army out of Williamsburg to

neg: Old Sugarmill Mill began production, sugar was imported into Sydney from Java, Mauritius and the Philippines. The raw material to the Mill was imported from the Philippines. Apart from the cane which arrived in Sydney with the First Fleet, pioneering efforts production of cane was undertaken by T. A. Scott who settled in Australia in 1819 and spent several years growing sugar cane at Port Macquarie. In 1829 he went to Point Clare where he had received a grant of land, and continued to grow cane on a very small scale. It was not until the late 1860s that commercially viable crops

neg: Arniston (East Indiaman) to improve the charting of Bass Strait. The ships then sailed to Norfolk Island, which was the next rendezvous point after Saint Paul Island, for members that had separated. "Taunton Castle" had separated in the South Atlantic and although she arrived at Norfolk Island three days after the fleet had sailed on, did not rejoin the rest of the fleet until she arrived at Haerlem Bay, in China. The arrival of "Athenienne" and the East Indiamen at Norfolk Island sowed panic among the colonists there who feared that a French flotilla had arrived. The fleet arrived at Whampoa in mid-January

neg: History of sport in Australia Australia hosted the 2015 AFC Asian Cup, winning the tournament in a thrilling 2-1 victory over South Korea. Australia also won the 2015 Cricket World Cup, winning the tournament for a fifth time. In 2018, Gold Coast will host the 2018 Commonwealth Games. History of sport in Australia The history of sport in Australia dates back to the pre-colonial period of the country. Sport arrived in Australia with the First Fleet in 1788. Many of the officers and convicts were familiar and comfortable with the sporting traditions of that era – horseracing, cricket, boxing, pedestrianism and sports involving animals, such

neg: Convicts in Australia convicts on board six transport ships. They were accompanied by officials, members of the crew, marines, the families thereof and their own children who together totaled 645. In all, eleven ships were sent in what became known as the First Fleet. Other than the convict transports, there were two naval escorts and three storeships. The fleet assembled in Portsmouth and set sail on 13 May 1787. The fleet arrived at Botany Bay on 20 January 1788. It soon became clear that it would not be suitable for the establishment of a colony due to "the openness of this bay, and

neg: USS Pyro (AE-1) San Francisco 2 August, arriving 7 September. Departing San Francisco 11 November 1943 for Brisbane, Australia, she reported to Commander, Service Force, 7th Fleet 7 December 1943. From that date until 8 April 1944, "Pyro" transported ammunition from Australia, New Caledonia and the New Hebrides to Milne Bay, New Guinea. From 13' April through 12 July 1944 she replenished combatants engaged in the Admiralty Islands and Hollandia, campaigns at various New Guinea harbors. "Pyro" arrived Sydney, Australia 18 July 1944 for six weeks of repairs, returning 9 September to the new base of operations at Hollandia, where units of the

neg: HMS Electra (H27) the destroyers and , detached from the Mediterranean Fleet, joined at Colombo and the five ships sailed later that day. The ships were joined at sea by the battlecruiser "Repulse" which had sailed from Trincomalee. The force then set course for Singapore, where they arrived on 2 December. They spent a few days there with shore leave and refit, while awaiting orders. On 1 December, it was announced that Sir Tom Philips had been promoted to full Admiral and appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Eastern Fleet. A few days later, "Repulse" started on a trip to Australia with and , but

neg: Religion in Australia to have been transported to Sydney aboard the First Fleet in 1788, when the first British settlement was established on the continent. An estimated 110,000 Jews currently live in Australia, the majority being Ashkenazi Jews of Eastern European descent, with many being refugees and Holocaust survivors who arrived during and after World War II. The Jewish population has increased slightly in recent times due to immigration from South Africa and the former Soviet Union. The largest Jewish community in Australia is in Melbourne, with about 60,000, followed by Sydney with about 45,000 members. Smaller communities are dispersed among the other

neg: Australian Jews Jewish citizens make up about 0.4% of the Australian population. The Jewish community of Australia is composed mostly of Ashkenazi Jews, though there are Jews in Australia from many other traditions and levels of religious observance and participation in the Jewish community. The first Jews to come to Australia were eight English convicts transported to Botany Bay in 1788 aboard the First Fleet. About 15,100 convicts were transported by the time transportation ceased in 1840 in New South Wales and 1853 in Tasmania. It is estimated that of those who arrived by 1845 about 800 were Jewish. Most of them

neg: James Ruse James Ruse James Ruse (9 August /17605 September 1837) was a Cornish farmer who, at the age of 23, was convicted of breaking and entering and was sentenced to seven years' transportation to Australia. He arrived at Sydney Cove on the First Fleet with 18 months of his sentence remaining. Ruse applied to Governor Arthur Phillip (of the colony) for a land grant, stating that he had been bred to farming. Governor Phillip, desperate to make the colony self-sufficient, allocated Ruse an allotment at Ruse Hill (now Rose Hill near Parramatta), where he proved himself industrious and showed that it

neg: Brumby the Bulletin in 1894 that Brumby is the Aboriginal word for a wild horse. Its derivation is obscure, and may have come about from one or more of the following possibilities: Horses first arrived in Australia in 1788 with the First Fleet. They were imported for farm and utility work; recreational riding and racing were not major activities. By 1800, only about 200 horses are thought to have reached Australia. Horse racing became popular around 1810, resulting in an influx of Thoroughbred imports, mostly from England. Roughly 3,500 horses were living in Australia by 1820, and this number had grown

neg: Admiral of the fleet (Australia) the Royal Australian Navy in 1911, the navy inherited the same ranks as its Royal Navy predecessor. However, the rank of admiral of the fleet has only been once used in its history so far, with the highest ranks remaining the traditional reserve as a wartime rank and did not take on the regular honorary appointments that its British counterpart did until 1996. The current and so far only holder of this rank is HRH Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, prince-consort to the Queen of Australia, Elizabeth II. Admiral of the fleet (Australia) Admiral of the fleet (AF) is the

neg: HMS Perseus (R51) 17 November for Australia. She arrived in Sydney on 21 December, just in time to take charge of winding up the "Air Train" that had supported the British Pacific Fleet. The ship departed Melbourne on 26 March 1946, carrying a load of aircraft to return to the United Kingdom, and arrived at Rosyth on 17 May where she was placed in reserve. In 1950, "Perseus" was fitted with an experimental steam catapult. The catapult was placed on top of the carrier's existing flight deck and the deckhouse to port of the island was removed to accommodate it. Some 1,560 launches

neg: Australian Pony deep, and the barrel is round. The legs are short and strong, with flat, dense bone. The overall impression is a very attractive pony showing quality. Most representatives of the breed are grey, although they may be any color. Since the continent had no native horses or ponies prior to the arrival of European explorers and settlers, all equidae that now live there are from imported stock. Nine horses first arrived in Australia in 1788 in the First Fleet from South Africa. In 1803, the first Timor Ponies arrived from Indonesia, and provided the foundation stock for the breed. The

neg: E and F-class destroyer Malta. The ship was then transferred to the Eastern Fleet in November and arrived at Singapore the following month. "Eclipse", "Echo", and "Electra" were assigned to the 3rd Destroyer Flotilla of the Home Fleet at the beginning of 1941 where they escorted the larger ships of the fleet while they were searching for German commerce raiders and on other missions. "Escapade" began escorting convoys to Russia in August and continued to do so for most of the following year. "Electra" did the same for several months until she was detailed to escort the battleship and the battlecruiser to Singapore in

neg: USS Arnold J. Isbell (DD-869) to Guam, she finally reached Yokosuka, Japan. There, the ship joined TF 77 for operations in the area between Hong Kong and Japan. She stopped in the Philippines before returning via Midway Atoll and Pearl Harbor, to San Diego where she arrived in March 1957. The warship had a brief availability period and then took part in a fleet training exercise. She later operated with the Navy's first nuclear-powered submarine, "Nautilus" (SSN-571). "Arnold J. Isbell" also visited Portland, Oregon, for that city's Rose Festival celebration. An 18-day nonstop voyage from San Diego to Brisbane, Australia, initiated the destroyer's ninth Far

neg: Grevillea by Surgeon-General John White, who arrived in the new penal colony of Australia with the First Fleet. This table is in the collection of the National Museum of Australia in Canberra. There are over 350 species which are endemic to Australia, including the following: Five species are endemic to areas outside Australia. Three of these - "G. exul.", "G. gillivrayi", and "G. meisneri" are endemic to New Caledonia while "G. elbertii" and "G. papuana" are endemic to Sulawesi and New Guinea respectively. Two other species, "G. baileyana" and "G. glauca", occur in both New Guinea and Queensland. Grevillea Grevillea is

neg: Arthur S. Carpender he engaged the U-boat "U-58", and forced it to surrender. At the start of World War II Carpender was Commander Destroyers, Atlantic Fleet. In July 1942, he arrived in the Southwest Pacific Area, where he became commander of Task Force 51, the naval forces based in Western Australia. In September 1942, he was appointed commander of the Southwest Pacific Force, later renamed the Seventh Fleet, and Allied Naval Forces, Southwest Pacific Area, which he led through the Battle of Buna–Gona and the Battle of the Bismarck Sea. The following year he oversaw the fleet's operations during Operation Cartwheel. He commanded

neg: USS Houston (CA-30) before the war in the Pacific broke out, five quad-mount 1.1 caliber antiaircraft cannons were shipped to Cavite Naval Yard in the Philippines; four of these were installed aboard "Houston" to increase the ship's air defense protection. As the war crisis deepened, Admiral Hart deployed his fleet in readiness. On the night of the Pearl Harbor attack, "Houston" got underway from Panay Island with fleet units bound for Darwin, Australia, where she arrived on 28 December 1941 by way of Balikpapan and Surabaya. After patrol duty, she joined the American-British-Dutch-Australian (ABDA) naval force at Surabaya. Air raids were frequent in

neg: French campaign in Egypt and Syria entrance to the port housing the French fleet, which had to follow the route to Cairo down the river's left bank and rejoin the army at Rahmanié. On 20 Messidor (8 July), Bonaparte arrived at Demenhour, where he found the forces that had met up, and on 22 Messidor they marched to Rahmanié, where they then awaited the fleet with their provisions. The fleet arrived on 24 Messidor (12 July) and the army began to march again at night, followed by the fleet. The winds' violence suddenly forced the fleet to the army's left and straight into the enemy fleet,

neg: Eastern Suburbs Memorial Park the ancient headstones. This comprises six white statues, 15 signboards and white garden bed edging. It commemorates the First Fleet despite the fact that only 12 of the 746 monuments in the park record people who arrived on the First Fleet. Eastern Suburbs Memorial Park Eastern Suburbs Memorial Park is a cemetery and crematorium at Matraville, New South Wales, in the eastern suburbs district of Sydney, Australia. Land was dedicated as a cemetery site in 1888, with the first interment recorded on 21 August 1893. Since then, more than 65,000 people have been buried there. The crematorium was opened in

neg: First Fleet these really 'old hands' is now reduced to three, of whom, two are now in the Benevolent Asylum, and the other is a fine hale old fellow, who can do a day's work with more spirit than many of the young fellows lately arrived in the Colony." The names of the three recipients are not given. "William Hubbard": Hubbard was convicted in the Kingston Assizes in Surrey, England, on 24 March 1784 for theft. He was transported to Australia on the "Scarborough" in the First Fleet. He married Mary Goulding on 19 December 1790 in Rose Hill. In 1803 he

neg: Nathaniel Lucas Nathaniel Lucas Nathaniel Lucas (1764–1818) was a convict transported to Australia on the First Fleet. His occupation was listed as carpenter. Lucas was born in Leatherhead, Surrey, England, to parents John Lucas & Mary Bradford in 1764. Lucas was tried at the Old Bailey, London on 7 July 1784 for feloniously stealing clothing with a value of 40 shillings. Lucas was sentenced to transportation for seven years and left England on the "Scarborough" in May 1787. After the First Fleet arrived at Port Jackson in January 1788, Phillip ordered Lieutenant Philip Gidley King to lead a party of fifteen convicts

neg: French aircraft carrier Arromanches (R95) "Colossus", she carried 854 crew, plus 222 Fleet Air Arm personnel in the air group. In French service, she carried 42 officers, 145 petty officers, and 516 sailors in peacetime. Her war complement was 60 officers, 171 petty officers, and 613 sailors. After working up "Colossus" left Glasgow on 12 March 1945 for the Far East. She carried 24 Vought Corsair IV fighters from 1846 Naval Air Squadron, and 18 Fairey Barracuda II torpedo bombers from 827 NAS. She arrived at Colombo, Ceylon, on 13 June 1945, sailing on to Sydney, Australia, where she arrived the following month. Here, her

neg: Frederick Estcourt Bucknall Frederick Estcourt Bucknall Frederick Estcourt Bucknall (6 July 1835 – 4 June 1896) was an English-born publican, brewer and politician in the early days of the colony of South Australia. Bucknall was a member of the Estcourts of Estcourt, an influential old family, in the counties of Gloucester and Wiltshire, but born in London, where his father, William Bucknall of Crutched Friars, was Commodore of the Royal Thames Yacht Club. Shortly after he arrived in South Australia around 1860 via Melbourne, the original Torrens Dam was nearly completed, and he built a fleet of fine pleasure craft which he placed

neg: Mediterranean campaign of 1798 was so close that his signal guns could be heard aboard "Orient", his lookouts did not observe the French ships and the British fleet continued ahead without deviating. When dawn broke the following day, Bonaparte's diversion to the northeast had taken his convoy out of sight of the British fleet, which continued to the southeast undisturbed. On 28 June, "Mutine" arrived at Alexandria ahead of Nelson's fleet, and discovered that the French fleet was not in the harbour. Once the main fleet had arrived, attempts were made to contact the British Consul George Baldwin, but these failed as he had

neg: MCC tour of Australia in 1974–75 174, leaving the MCC 181 to win. This they did thanks to David Lloyd (80) and Fletcher (57 not out) with 6 wickets to spare for their first win of the tour. The match was abandoned due to rain. The MCC arrived in Brisbane to play Queensland prior to the First Test on the same ground. Queensland, yet to win the Sheffield Shield, had taken to importing players from other states to strengthen their side. One was Greg Chappell, who left South Australia (where his elder brother Ian was captain) to take command of the Queensland side. Another was Jeff

neg: Dairy Cottage, Parramatta convict records show that she would have been about 93 at her time of death. She arrived in the colony in 1788 on the Lady Penrhyn which was one of the ships of the First Fleet. At this time her name was Elizabeth Bird and her sentence was seven years for stealing a lamb. It was noted in her records that she was employed as a domestic servant when she had committed her offence. Two years after her arrival she was sent to Norfolk Island where she met and later married Thomas Eccles, a First Fleet convict who had arrived

neg: True Briton (1790 EIC ship) de Janeiro around 14–18 August; "True Briton" arrived on 17 August. The fleet left Rio on 1 September and later passed the Cape of Good Hope. To avoid French ships reported to be in the Indian Ocean, the fleet sailed towards Western Australia, rather than to the Straits of Malacca. The fleet sailed to Norfolk Island via Bass Strait; Norfolk Island was the next rendezvous point after Saint Paul Island, for members that had separated. "True Briton" arrived at Whampoa on 12 January 1805. Homeward bound, she crossed the Second Bar on 15 February, reached St Helena on 30 June,

neg: Belarusian Australians Belarusian Australians Belarusian Australians refers to Australians of full or partial Belarusian national background or descent, or Belarusian citizens living in Australia. It is believed that the first Belarusian immigrants who arrived in Australia likely settled in the early 1800s in New South Wales, together with other European people. It is known that mass emigration from Belarus did not begin until slowly during the final decades of the 19th century, extending until World War I. They emigrated to Australia from Libava and northern Germany. When they arrived, most settled in Sydney and Melbourne. However, most of these first Belarusians were

neg: Prince of Wales (1786 ship) Prince of Wales (1786 ship) Prince of Wales was a transport ship in the First Fleet, assigned to transport convicts for the European colonisation of Australia. Accounts differ regarding her origins; she may have been built and launched in 1779 at Sidmouth, or in 1786 on the River Thames. Her First Fleet voyage commenced in 1787, with 47 female convicts aboard, and she arrived at Botany Bay in January 1788. On a difficult return voyage in 17881789 she became separated from her convoy and was found drifting helplessly off Rio de Janeiro with her crew incapacitated by scurvy. After "Prince

neg: Christianity in Australia Aboriginal artists of the Western Desert began to paint traditional style artworks in acrylic paints. This distinctively Australian style of painting has been fused with biblical themes to produce a uniquely Australian contribution to the long history of Christian art: integrating the mysterious dot designs and evocative circular patterns of traditional Aboriginal art with popular Christian subjects. The Blake Prize for Religious Art was established in 1951 as an incentive to raise the standard of religious art in Australia and was named after the artist and poet William Blake. Christian music arrived in Australia with the First Fleet of British

neg: Rod Humphries servitude in Australia for stealing 200 weight of sheet lead in Dublin, Ireland. He spent 173 days on the convict ship The Boddingtons, which arrived on 7 August 1793, only five years after the First Fleet of convicts to Australia established the country as a British colony. After completing his sentence, Patrick was granted permission in 1801 to join the British Army in Australia, and served for 22 years and 195 days. On 28 February 1802, Patrick married Irish immigrant, Catherine McMahon (née Mooney), the widow of one of Patrick's fellow soldiers, Terrence McMahon, a convict ship guard who drowned

neg: William Finke William Finke William Finke (1814 or 1815 – 17 January 1864) was a prospector and pastoralist in South Australia, remembered as a sponsor, with the Chambers brothers, of John McDouall Stuart's exploratory journeys. Finke, who may have been born Johann Wilhelm Finke from Cuxhaven, arrived in South Australia aboard "Tam O'Shanter" in November 1836 as part of the First Fleet of South Australia. He was clearly a man with some financial backing and social position, but real information is hard to find. He was a member of a syndicate with Osmond Gilles and his nephew John Jackson Oakden and three

neg: HMAS Manoora (L 52) over human rights in Morocco (one of the other eight nations slated to acquire a ship). The sale to Australia was not approved until the start of August, with "Fairfax County" arriving in Sydney in September and handed over to the RAN on 27 September 1994. She was commissioned into the RAN on 25 November 1994. After both ships had arrived in Australia and were commissioned, "Kanimbla" and "Manoora" spent two years docked at Fleet Base East before they were moved to Forgacs Shipyard, Newcastle in June 1996, where they underwent conversion from tank landing ships to amphibious warfare transports.

neg: James Willis (admiral) War from late 1950 to early 1951 before being sent to the United Kingdom for further specialist training. At the end of this course he was promoted to lieutenant commander and was a senior instructor with the Royal Navy's navigation training school HMS "Dryad" for two years. He later attended the Royal Navy's staff college at Greenwich before returning to Australia with HMAS "Tobruk". On his return to Australia Willis joined HMAS "Sydney" as fleet navigation officer until he transferred to the aircraft carrier HMAS "Melbourne" when she first arrived in Australia during 1956. He commanded the naval contingent which

neg: Frankston, Victoria contact with Europeans in the 1800s was estimated to be 300. James Fleming, a member of Charles Grimes' surveying expedition in early 1803, reported observing smallpox scars on members of the Kulin nation tribes he had encountered—indicating that an epidemic had affected them prior to 1803. Smallpox arrived in Australia with the First Fleet in 1788 and reached the Port Philip area in 1790, via the first European settlement in Australia at Port Jackson, claiming at least half the population of the combined Kulin nation tribes. Following permanent European settlement in 1835, another smallpox epidemic reduced the number of Bunurong

neg: Thoroughbred century. Modern Thoroughbred breeding in Italy is mostly associated with the breeding program of Federico Tesio, who started his breeding program in 1898. Tesio was the breeder of Nearco, one of the dominant sires of Thoroughbreds in the later part of the 20th century. Other countries in Europe have Thoroughbred breeding programs, including Germany, Russia, Poland, and Hungary. Horses arrived in Australia with the First Fleet in 1788 along with the earliest colonists. Although horses of part-Thoroughbred blood were imported into Australia during the late 18th century, it is thought that the first pureblood Thoroughbred was a stallion named Northumberland

neg: History of Australia Macassan trepangers visited Australia's northern coasts after 1720, possibly earlier. Other European explorers followed until, in 1770, Lieutenant James Cook charted the east coast of Australia for Great Britain and returned with accounts favouring colonisation at Botany Bay (now in Sydney), New South Wales. A First Fleet of British ships arrived at Botany Bay in January 1788 to establish a penal colony, the first colony on the Australian mainland. In the century that followed, the British established other colonies on the continent, and European explorers ventured into its interior. Indigenous Australians were greatly weakened and their numbers diminished by introduced