query: another name for the systems development life cycle methodology is

pos: Systems development life cycle Systems development life cycle The systems development life cycle (SDLC), also referred to as the application development life-cycle, is a term used in systems engineering, information systems and software engineering to describe a process for planning, creating, testing, and deploying an information system. The systems development lifecycle concept applies to a range of hardware and software configurations, as a system can be composed of hardware only, software only, or a combination of both. There are usually six stages in this cycle: analysis, design, development and testing, implementation, documentation, and evaluation. A systems development life cycle is composed of a number

pos: Systems development life cycle maximum effective lifecycle. Considerations include: Continued existence of operational need, matching between operational requirements and system performance, feasibility of system phase-out versus maintenance, and availability of alternative systems. Systems development life cycle The systems development life cycle (SDLC), also referred to as the application development life-cycle, is a term used in systems engineering, information systems and software engineering to describe a process for planning, creating, testing, and deploying an information system. The systems development lifecycle concept applies to a range of hardware and software configurations, as a system can be composed of hardware only, software only, or a combination of

pos: Enterprise Architect (software) Enterprise Architect (software) Sparx Systems Enterprise Architect is a visual modeling and design tool based on the OMG UML. The platform supports: the design and construction of software systems; modeling business processes; and modeling industry based domains. It is used by businesses and organizations to not only model the architecture of their systems, but to process the implementation of these models across the full application development life-cycle. Systems modeling using UML provides a basis for modeling all aspects of organizational architecture, along with the ability to provide a foundation for designing and implementing new systems or changing existing systems. The

neg: Software development process general term for a category of methodologies and a software development "process" a more specific term to refer to a specific process chosen by a specific organization. For example, there are many specific software development processes that fit the spiral life-cycle model. The field is often considered a subset of the systems development life cycle. The software development methodology (also known as SDM) framework didn't emerge until the 1960s. According to Elliott (2004) the systems development life cycle (SDLC) can be considered to be the oldest formalized methodology framework for building information systems. The main idea of the SDLC has

neg: Enterprise life cycle to practices for building individual systems. Determining what systems to build is an enterprise-level decision. The figure on the right depicts notional activities of an enterprise life cycle methodology. Within the context of this document, Enterprise Life Cycle does not refer to a specific methodology or a specific bureau's approach. Each organization needs to follow a documented Enterprise Life Cycle methodology appropriate to its size, the complexity of its enterprise, and the scope of its needs. The Enterprise Performance Life Cycle (EPLC) encompasses the major business functions executed under the Office of the Chief Information Officer (CIO), and in particular

neg: Treasury Enterprise Architecture Framework Life Cycle generally refers to practices for building individual systems. Determining what systems to build is an enterprise-level decision. The figure on the left depicts notional activities of an Enterprise Life Cycle methodology. Within the context of this document, Enterprise Life Cycle does not refer to a specific methodology or a specific bureau's approach. Each organization needs to follow a documented Enterprise Life Cycle methodology appropriate to its size, the complexity of its enterprise, and the scope of its needs. The TEAF provides a unifying concept, common terminology and principles, common standards and formats, a normalized context for strategic planning

neg: Systems development life cycle IT project, it describes the different stages involved in the project from the drawing board, through the completion of the project. The SDLC is not a methodology per se, but rather a description of the phases in the life cycle of a software application. These phases (broadly speaking) are, investigation, analysis, design, build, test, implement, and maintenance and support. All software development methodologies (such as the more commonly known waterfall and scrum methodologies) follow the SDLC phases but the method of doing that varies vastly between methodologies. In the Scrum methodology, for example, one could say a single user story

neg: Systems development life cycle many modern methodologies have superseded this thinking. Some will argue that the SDLC no longer applies to models like Agile computing, but it is still a term widely in use in technology circles. The SDLC practice has advantages in traditional models of systems development that lends itself more to a structured environment. The disadvantages to using the SDLC methodology is when there is need for iterative development or (i.e. web development or e-commerce) where stakeholders need to review on a regular basis the software being designed. A comparison of the strengths and weaknesses of SDLC: An alternative to the SDLC

neg: Team programming the rise of commercial software development as a viable industry, a more industrial and systematic approach became necessary. Paper-oriented systems methodologies originally designed for undertaking governmental projects, such as the Structured Systems Analysis and Design Method (SSADM), assigned individual people to carry out individual tasks, and specified the role of designers as being clearly separate from that of the programmers in the waterfall software development model. This methodology also clearly separated each of the individual "life-cycle" stages through which a system development project progressed. The resulting "paper trail" for a systems development project could take so long to build that

neg: Merise paralleled by the stages of the life cycle: strategic planning, preliminary study, detailed study, development, implementation and maintenance. It is a method of analysis based on the entity-relationship model. By using Merise, you can design tables with relations to make a relational database. Merise Merise is a general-purpose modeling methodology in the field of information systems development, software engineering and project management. First introduced in the early 1980s, it was widely used in France, and was developed and refined to the point where most large French governmental, commercial and industrial organizations had adopted it as their standard methodology. Merise proceeds

neg: Generalised Enterprise Reference Architecture and Methodology development and production support Figure 3 also shows the life cycle of the methodology (type 5 entity) and the process model developed during the early life cycle phases of the methodology. However, there must be a clear distinction between the life cycle of the methodology with its different phases and its process model. The latter is used to support the operational phase of a particular enterprise entity. The operational relations of the different entity types are also shown in Figure 4: GERA Enterprise Entity Concept (Type 3), which demonstrates the contributions of the different entities to the type 3 entity

neg: DevOps 81 percent. Adoption of DevOps is being driven by many factors – including: DevOps DevOps (a clipped compound of "development" and "operations") is a software development methodology that combines software development ("Dev") with information technology operations ("Ops"). The goal of DevOps is to shorten the systems development life cycle while delivering features, fixes, and updates frequently in close alignment with business objectives. Academics and practitioners have not developed a unique definition for the term "DevOps". From an academic perspective, Len Bass, Ingo Weber, and Liming Zhu—computer science researchers from the Software Engineering Institute—suggested defining DevOps as "a set of practices

neg: Systems development life cycle goes through all the phases of the SDLC within a single two-week sprint. Contrast this to the waterfall methodology, as another example, where every business requirement (recorded in the analysis phase of the SDLC in a document called the Business Requirements Specification) is translated into feature/functional descriptions (recorded in the design phase in a document called the Functional Specification) which are then all built in one go as a collection of solution features typically over a period of three to nine months, or more. These methodologies are obviously quite different approaches, yet they both contain the SDLC phases in which

neg: DevOps DevOps DevOps (a clipped compound of "development" and "operations") is a software development methodology that combines software development ("Dev") with information technology operations ("Ops"). The goal of DevOps is to shorten the systems development life cycle while delivering features, fixes, and updates frequently in close alignment with business objectives. Academics and practitioners have not developed a unique definition for the term "DevOps". From an academic perspective, Len Bass, Ingo Weber, and Liming Zhu—computer science researchers from the Software Engineering Institute—suggested defining DevOps as "a set of practices intended to reduce the time between committing a change to a system and

neg: Systems development life cycle a requirement is born, then travels through the life cycle phases ending in the final phase of maintenance and support, after-which (typically) the whole life cycle starts again for a subsequent version of the software application. The product life cycle describes the process for building information systems in a very deliberate, structured and methodical way, reiterating each stage of the product's life. The systems development life cycle, according to Elliott & Strachan & Radford (2004), "originated in the 1960s, to develop large scale functional business systems in an age of large scale business conglomerates. Information systems activities revolved around heavy

neg: Model-based design Model-based design Model-Based Design (MBD) is a mathematical and visual method of addressing problems associated with designing complex control, signal processing and communication systems. It is used in many motion control, industrial equipment, aerospace, and automotive applications. Model-based design is a methodology applied in designing embedded software. Model-based design provides an efficient approach for establishing a common framework for communication throughout the design process while supporting the development cycle (V-model). In model-based design of control systems, development is manifested in these four steps: The model-based design paradigm is significantly different from traditional design methodology. Rather than using complex structures and

neg: Software development process been "to pursue the development of information systems in a very deliberate, structured and methodical way, requiring each stage of the life cycle––from inception of the idea to delivery of the final system––to be carried out rigidly and sequentially" within the context of the framework being applied. The main target of this methodology framework in the 1960s was "to develop large scale functional business systems in an age of large scale business conglomerates. Information systems activities revolved around heavy data processing and number crunching routines". Methodologies, processes, and frameworks range from specific proscriptive steps that can be used directly by

neg: Software development developed separately. The need for better quality control of the software development process has given rise to the discipline of software engineering, which aims to apply the systematic approach exemplified in the engineering paradigm to the process of software development. There are many approaches to software project management, known as software development life cycle models, methodologies, processes, or models. The waterfall model is a traditional version, contrasted with the more recent innovation of agile software development. A software development process (also known as a software development methodology, model, or life cycle) is a framework that is used to structure, plan,

neg: Generalised Enterprise Reference Architecture and Methodology and objectives for the particular entity. Development and implementation of a new enterprise entity (or new business unit) will then be done by a type 2 entity; whereas a type 3 entity will be responsible for developing and manufacturing a new product (type 4 entity). With the possible exception of the type 1 entity all enterprise entities will have an associated entity-life cycle. However, it is always the operational phase of the entity-life cycle in which the lower entity is defined, created, developed and built. The operation itself is supported by an associated methodology for enterprise engineering, enterprise operation, product

neg: Systems development life cycle occur during a specific phase of SDLC but is developed to include the work from the SDLC process that may be conducted by external resources such as contractors. Baselines are an important part of the systems development life cycle. These baselines are established after four of the five phases of the SDLC and are critical to the iterative nature of the model . Each baseline is considered as a milestone in the SDLC. Complementary software development methods to systems development life cycle are: Few people in the modern computing world would use a strict waterfall model for their SDLC as

neg: Peter Chen (IRDS), and the ER approach has been ranked at the top methodology for database design and one of the top methodologies in systems development by several surveys of Fortune 500 companies. Chen's work is a cornerstone of software engineering, in particular Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE). In the late 80's and early 90's, IBM's Application Development Cycle (AD/Cycle) framework and DB2 repository (RM/MVS) were based on the ER model. Other vendors’ repository systems such as Digital's CDD+ were also based on the ER model. Chen has had a significant impact on the CASE industry through his research and his lecturing around

neg: Systems development life cycle complete and correct planning to guide large projects and risks to successful and predictable results. Other models, such as anamorphic development, tend to focus on a form of development that is guided by project scope and adaptive iterations of feature development. In project management a project can be defined both with a project life cycle (PLC) and an SDLC, during which slightly different activities occur. According to Taylor (2004), "the project life cycle encompasses all the activities of the project, while the systems development life cycle focuses on realizing the product requirements". SDLC is used during the development of an

neg: Margaret Hamilton (scientist) science courses were uncommon and software engineering courses did not exist. Her areas of expertise include systems design and software development, enterprise and process modelling, development paradigm, formal systems modeling languages, system-oriented objects for systems modelling and development, automated life-cycle environments, methods for maximizing software reliability and reuse, domain analysis, correctness by built-in language properties, open-architecture techniques for robust systems, full life-cycle automation, quality assurance, seamless integration, error detection and recovery techniques, man-machine interface systems, operating systems, end-to-end testing techniques, and life-cycle management techniques. In one of the critical moments of the Apollo 11 mission, the Apollo Guidance Computer together

neg: Systems development life cycle data processing and number crunching routines". Several systems development frameworks have been partly based on SDLC, such as the structured systems analysis and design method (SSADM) produced for the UK government Office of Government Commerce in the 1980s. Ever since, according to Elliott (2004), "the traditional life cycle approaches to systems development have been increasingly replaced with alternative approaches and frameworks, which attempted to overcome some of the inherent deficiencies of the traditional SDLC". The system development life cycle framework provides a sequence of activities for system designers and developers to follow. It consists of a set of steps or

neg: ISO/IEC 12207 also worth noting that IEEE/EIA 12207 officially replaced MIL-STD-498 (released in December 1994) for the development of DoD software systems on May 27, 1998. The standard establishes a set of processes for managing the lifecycle of software. The standard "does not prescribe a specific software life cycle model, development methodology, method, modelling approach, or technique.". Instead, the standard (as well as ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288) distinguishes between a "stage" and "process" as follows: Stages (aka phases) are not the same as processes, and this standard only defines specific processes - it does not define any particular stages. Instead, the standard acknowledges that

neg: Software development process Software development process In software engineering, a software development process is the process of dividing software development work into distinct phases to improve design, product management, and project management. It is also known as a software development life cycle. The methodology may include the pre-definition of specific deliverables and artifacts that are created and completed by a project team to develop or maintain an application. Most modern development processes can be vaguely described as agile. Other methodologies include waterfall, prototyping, iterative and incremental development, spiral development, rapid application development, and extreme programming. Some people consider a life-cycle "model" a more

neg: Enterprise life cycle the architecture’s life cycle. An enterprise life cycle integrates the management, business, and engineering life cycle processes that span the enterprise to align its business and IT activities. Enterprise life cycle refers generally to an organization's approach for managing activities and making decisions during ongoing refreshment of business and technical practices to support its enterprise mission. These activities include investment management, project definition, configuration management, accountability, and guidance for systems development according to a system development life cycle (SDLC). The enterprise life cycle applies to enterprise-wide planning activities and decision making. By contrast, a System Development Life Cycle generally refers

neg: Enterprise life cycle Enterprise life cycle Enterprise life cycle (ELC) in enterprise architecture is the dynamic, iterative process of changing the enterprise over time by incorporating new business processes, new technology, and new capabilities, as well as maintenance, disposition and disposal of existing elements of the enterprise. The enterprise life cycle is a key concept in enterprise architecture (EA), enterprise engineering and systems engineering. The Enterprise Architecture process is closely related to similar processes, as program management cycle or systems development life cycle, and has similar properties to those found in the product life cycle. The concept of enterprise life cycle aids in

neg: Software development process generally not dictated by the choice of model or general methodology. Software development process In software engineering, a software development process is the process of dividing software development work into distinct phases to improve design, product management, and project management. It is also known as a software development life cycle. The methodology may include the pre-definition of specific deliverables and artifacts that are created and completed by a project team to develop or maintain an application. Most modern development processes can be vaguely described as agile. Other methodologies include waterfall, prototyping, iterative and incremental development, spiral development, rapid application development,

neg: Center for Advanced Life Cycle Engineering the standards setting process. The award is presented “for continued leadership in developing and promoting standards education in the field of reliability engineering.” Center for Advanced Life Cycle Engineering The Center for Advanced Life Cycle Engineering (CALCE) is a university research facility focused on risk assessment, management, and mitigation for electronic products and systems. CALCE is the largest electronic products and systems research center focused on electronics reliability and is dedicated to providing a knowledge and resource base to support the development of competitive electronic components, products, and systems. CALCE is located at the University of Maryland in College Park,

neg: Systematics – study of multi-term systems is connected with structural unity and how insight from one area of experience can be transferred to another without distortion. A journal called "Systematics" was launched by Bennett’s Institute for the Comparative Study of History, Philosophy and the Sciences in 1963 to publish a diversity of articles relating to this programme. Systematics also led into the development of a new learning system called structural communication, which later became a broad methodology called logovisual thinking (LVT). Systematics – study of multi-term systems Systematics is the name given by John Godolphin Bennett (1897–1974) to a branch of systems science that he developed

neg: Center for Advanced Life Cycle Engineering Center for Advanced Life Cycle Engineering The Center for Advanced Life Cycle Engineering (CALCE) is a university research facility focused on risk assessment, management, and mitigation for electronic products and systems. CALCE is the largest electronic products and systems research center focused on electronics reliability and is dedicated to providing a knowledge and resource base to support the development of competitive electronic components, products, and systems. CALCE is located at the University of Maryland in College Park, Maryland, and was founded by Professor Michael Pecht. CALCE was created in 1985 with support from the United States National Science Foundation as

neg: Software development process sometimes known as software development life cycle (SDLC) methodologies, though this term could also be used more generally to refer to any methodology. A "life cycle" approach with distinct phases is in contrast to Agile approaches which define a process of iteration, but where design, construction, and deployment of different pieces can occur simultaneously . Continuous integration is the practice of merging all developer working copies to a shared mainline several times a day. Grady Booch first named and proposed CI in his 1991 method, although he did not advocate integrating several times a day. Extreme programming (XP) adopted the

neg: Best coding practices foundation for coding). If the various prerequisites are not satisfied then the software is likely to be unsatisfactory, even if it is completed. From Meek & Heath: "What happens before one gets to the coding stage is often of crucial importance to the success of the project." The prerequisites outlined below cover such matters as: For small simple projects involving only one person, it may be feasible to combine architecture with design and adopt a very simple life cycle. A software development methodology is a framework that is used to structure, plan, and control the life cycle of a software

neg: Treasury Enterprise Architecture Framework and using an EA to match its needs. An Enterprise Life Cycle integrates the management, business, and engineering life cycle processes that span the enterprise to align its business and IT activities. Enterprise Life Cycle refers generally to an organization's approach for managing activities and making decisions during ongoing refreshment of business and technical practices to support its enterprise mission. These activities include investment management, project definition, configuration management, accountability, and guidance for systems development according to a System Development Life Cycle (SDLC). The Enterprise Life Cycle applies to enterprise-wide planning activities and decision making. By contrast, a System Development

neg: Video game development a software development process, as a video game is software with art, audio, and gameplay. Formal software development methods are often overlooked. Games with poor development methodology are likely to run over budget and time estimates, as well as contain a large number of bugs. Planning is important for individual and group projects alike. Overall game development is not suited for typical software life cycle methods, such as the waterfall model. One method employed for game development is agile development. It is based on iterative prototyping, a subset of software prototyping. Agile development depends on feedback and refinement of game's

neg: Jackson system development inspection is an abstraction for polling (and for database retrieval). Jackson system development Jackson structured development (JSD) is a linear software development methodology developed by Michael A. Jackson and John Cameron in the 1980s. JSD was first presented by Michael A. Jackson in 1982, in a paper called "A System Development Method". and in 1983 in "System Development". Jackson System Development (JSD) is a method of system development that covers the software life cycle either directly or, by providing a framework into which more specialized techniques can fit. Jackson System Development can start from the stage in a project when

neg: Performance engineering Performance engineering Performance engineering encompasses the techniques applied during a systems development life cycle to ensure the non-functional requirements for performance (such as throughput, latency, or memory usage) will be met. It may be alternatively referred to as systems performance engineering within systems engineering, and software performance engineering or application performance engineering within software engineering. As the connection between application success and business success continues to gain recognition, particularly in the mobile space, application performance engineering has taken on a preventative and perfective role within the software development life cycle. As such, the term is typically used to describe the

neg: Rapid application development James Kerr and Richard Hunter, who together wrote the seminal book on the subject, Inside RAD, which followed the journey of a RAD project manager as he drove and refined the RAD Methodology in real-time on an actual RAD project. These practitioners, and those like them, helped RAD gain popularity as an alternative to traditional systems project life cycle approaches. The RAD approach also matured during the period of peak interest in business re-engineering. The idea of business process re-engineering was to radically rethink core business processes such as sales and customer support with the new capabilities of Information Technology

neg: Software house model, Rational Unified Process (RUP) or MSF. Regardless of the methodology used, the product life cycle always consists of at least three stages: Each stage ideally takes 30% of the total time, with the remaining 10% in reserve. The UML sequence diagram of interaction between these groups may look like: At each stage a different group plays a key role, however each type of role must be involved throughout the whole development process: Well-run software houses possess various systems and procedures implemented and working internally across all the sub-teams. These include: There are also Application Lifecycle Management (ALM), which embed

neg: Design for Six Sigma cycle: requirements, architecture, design, implementation, integration, optimization, verification and validation (RADIOV). The methodology explains how to build predictive statistical models for software reliability and robustness and shows how simulation and analysis techniques can be combined with structural design and architecture methods to effectively produce software and information systems at Six Sigma levels. DFSS in software acts as a glue to blend the classical modelling techniques of software engineering such as object-oriented design or Evolutionary Rapid Development with statistical, predictive models and simulation techniques. The methodology provides Software Engineers with practical tools for measuring and predicting the quality attributes of the

neg: Rainer Grießhammer major aspect of this field of work is the development of the PROSA product sustainability assessment methodology. The PROSA approach, in contrast to LCA, places special emphasis on the analysis of social and economic aspects and on the inclusion of utility aspects and consumer re-search. In developing the associated tools, attention was paid to international harmonisation and exchange of experience, e.g. with SETAC on Life Cycle Costing, with the UNEP-SETAC Life Cycle Initiative on Social LCA, and with large corporations on application in practice. Griesshammer’s main work areas come to bear in the EcoTopTen initiative, a German campaign for sustainable

neg: Jackson system development Jackson system development Jackson structured development (JSD) is a linear software development methodology developed by Michael A. Jackson and John Cameron in the 1980s. JSD was first presented by Michael A. Jackson in 1982, in a paper called "A System Development Method". and in 1983 in "System Development". Jackson System Development (JSD) is a method of system development that covers the software life cycle either directly or, by providing a framework into which more specialized techniques can fit. Jackson System Development can start from the stage in a project when there is only a general statement of requirements. However, many

neg: Systems development life cycle primarily performed as part of the Acquisition and Implementation Domain and System Build and Prototype is primarily performed as part of delivery and support. The upper section of the work breakdown structure (WBS) should identify the major phases and milestones of the project in a summary fashion. In addition, the upper section should provide an overview of the full scope and timeline of the project and will be part of the initial project description effort leading to project approval. The middle section of the WBS is based on the seven systems development life cycle phases as a guide for WBS

neg: Software prototyping prototyping methodology and rapidly prototype the features of the system after each evolution. The specific methodology follows these steps: Obviously, a key to this method is to have well trained prototypers available to go to the user sites. The operational prototyping methodology has many benefits in systems that are complex and have few known requirements in advance. Evolutionary Systems Development is a class of methodologies that attempt to formally implement evolutionary prototyping. One particular type, called Systemscraft is described by John Crinnion in his book "Evolutionary Systems Development". Systemscraft was designed as a 'prototype' methodology that should be modified and

neg: Performance engineering within the parameters of the non functional performance requirements. Performance engineering Performance engineering encompasses the techniques applied during a systems development life cycle to ensure the non-functional requirements for performance (such as throughput, latency, or memory usage) will be met. It may be alternatively referred to as systems performance engineering within systems engineering, and software performance engineering or application performance engineering within software engineering. As the connection between application success and business success continues to gain recognition, particularly in the mobile space, application performance engineering has taken on a preventative and perfective role within the software development life cycle. As

neg: Center for Advanced Life Cycle Engineering a number of methodologies, including obsolescence forecasting algorithms, which are used in leading tools and databases (i2, QTEC, PartMiner, and SiliconExpert). CALCE is also a leading supplier of tools and methodologies for strategic management of long field life systems. CALCE developed the most widely used methodology for managing electronic part obsolescence, which is employed by organizations such as Motorola, Northrop Grumman, and the U.S. DoD. For example, by applying CALCE methodologies, Motorola avoided $33 million in cost. Northrop Grumman was able to predict refresh dates for its F-22 radar 5 years earlier than previously possible. CALCE researchers and faculty have

neg: Sustainable flooring alternatives. Wool carpeting and composite marble exhibit the greatest impacts, and impacts linked to typical carpeting used in residential structures are higher than those shown in the BEES system due to the use of a pad under the carpet layer. The development of life cycle assessment methodology in the early 1990s has shown the environmental advantages of wood and wood-based products. Wood is a unique and renewable material. Trees absorb carbon during their growing cycle, and this carbon remains stored in products like wood flooring during its service life, thus keeping it out of the atmosphere. At the end of

neg: System of systems the development of this concept are: For example, DoD recently established the National Centers for System of Systems Engineering to develop a formal methodology for system-of-systems engineering for applications in defense-related projects. In another example, according to the Exploration Systems Architecture Study, NASA established the Exploration Systems Mission Directorate (ESMD) organization to lead the development of a new exploration “system-of-systems” to accomplish the goals outlined by President G.W. Bush in the 2004 Vision for Space Exploration. A number of research projects and support actions, sponsored by the European Commission, are currently in progress. These target Strategic Objective IST-2011.3.3 in the

neg: Systems development life cycle for the next. These stages can be characterized and divided up in different ways, including the following: In the following diagram, these stages of the systems development life cycle are divided in ten steps, from definition to creation and modification of IT work products: Not every project will require that the phases be sequentially executed. However, the phases are interdependent. Depending upon the size and complexity of the project, phases may be combined or may overlap. First the IT system proposal is investigated. During this step, consider all current priorities that would be affected and how they should be handled.

neg: Henrik Wenzel the development of the internationally recognized EDIP methodology for Life Cycle Assessment and Eco-design of industrial products in co-operation with colleagues and leading Danish manufacturing companies. He was also employed as an associate professor at the Technical University of Denmark from 1999 to 2007. Henrik received the DADES prize, in 1996 and co-received the Nordic Council’s Great Nature and Environment Prize in 1997 (together with colleagues from IPU) and the EU Environmental Prize on national level in 1997 (together with colleagues from the EDIP project). In 2007, Henrik moved to University of Southern Denmark and founded the International Life Cycle

neg: DevOps toolchain DevOps toolchain A DevOps toolchain is a set or combination of tools that aid in the delivery, development, and management of applications throughout the systems development life cycle, as coordinated by an organisation that uses DevOps practices. Generally, DevOps tools fit into one or more activities, which supports specific DevOps initiatives: Plan, Create, Verify, Package, Release, Configure, and Monitor. In software, a toolchain is the set of programming tools that is used to perform a complex software development task or to create a software product, which is typically another computer program or a set of related programs. In general, the

neg: Packaging and labeling Some sort of formal project planning and project management methodology is required for all but the simplest package design and development programs. An effective quality management system and Verification and Validation protocols are mandatory for some types of packaging and recommended for all. Package development involves considerations of sustainability, environmental responsibility, and applicable environmental and recycling regulations. It may involve a life cycle assessment which considers the material and energy inputs and outputs to the package, the packaged product (contents), the packaging process, the logistics system, waste management, etc. It is necessary to know the relevant regulatory requirements for point

neg: C to HDL high-level language and synthesize these into HDL through C to HDL or high-level synthesis tools. C to is another name for this methodology. RTL refers to the register transfer level representation of a program necessary to implement it in logic. Early development on C to HDL was done by Ian Page, Charles Sweeney and colleagues at Oxford University in the 1990s who developed the Handel-C language. They commercialized their research by forming Embedded Solutions Limited (ESL) in 1999 which was renamed Celoxica in September 2000. In 2008, the embedded systems departments of Celoxica was sold to Catalytic for $3 million

neg: Comprehensive & Robust Requirements Specification Process UST Global and Safeway. CRRSP's approach to software requirements allows for applications with most types of project methodologies and a flexible and adapatable starting point at which one can apply the methodology. CRRSP differs from other methodologies such as Waterfall, RAD, Agile, and RUP because it is specifically a methodology for defining and validating the requirements within the context of the larger project life cycle, while others are project methodologies that define the overall project life cycle itself. One of the primary factors in CRRSP is that it evolves requirements through high-, mid-, and low-level requirements via an increasingly deeper

neg: Universal Systems Language entire classes of errors just by the way a system is defined. Certain correctness guarantees are embedded in the USL grammar. In contrast to reactive approaches to program verification, testing for errors late into the life cycle, USL's development-before-the-fact philosophy is preventive, not allowing errors in the first place. A USL definition models both its application (for example, an avionics or banking system) and properties of control into its own life cycle. Providing a mathematical framework within which objects, their interactions, and their relationships can be captured, USL – a metalanguage – has "metamechanisms" for defining systems. USL's philosophy is

neg: Systems analyst technical components, relying instead on a systems analyst to do so. A systems analyst will often evaluate and modify code as well as review scripting. Some dedicated professionals possess practical knowledge in both areas (business and systems analysis) and manage to successfully combine both of these occupations, effectively blurring the line between business analyst and systems analyst. A systems analyst may: The systems development life cycle (SDLC) is the traditional system development method that organizations use for large-scale IT Projects. The SDLC is a structured framework that consists of sequential processes by which an information system is developed. Once a

neg: Michael B. T. Bell to encourage consolidation of software assets, reduction of systems redundancy, and acceleration of time-to-market. SOMF includes a modeling language and a life cycle methodology (see image on the far right) suited for narrowing the gap between the business and the information technology organizations in the enterprise. The framework also includes modeling disciplines and practices of software systems, for the purpose of designing software applications. Furthermore, SOMF offers a variety of architectural styles, such as enterprise architecture, application architecture, service-oriented architecture, and cloud computing. Traditionally, to promote the establishment and growth of an enterprise end-state architecture, architects, typically senior IT professionals,

neg: Dov Dori known for the development of Object Process Methodology for which he received the Technion Klein Research Award and the Hershel Rich Innovation Award. He is IEEE Fellow since 2017, International Association for Pattern Recognition (IAPR) Fellow since 2000, ACM Senior Member since 2006, and INCOSE Fellow since 2011. He has published in the fields of conceptual modeling of complex systems, systems architecture and design. Dov Dori Dov Dori (born 2 September 1953) is an Israeli-American computer scientist, and Professor of Information Systems Engineering at Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, known for the development of Object Process Methodology (OPM). The

neg: United States Army Aviation and Missile Command United States Army Aviation and Missile Command The United States Army Aviation and Missile Command (AMCOM, alternately referred to as MICOM) is primarily responsible for life cycle management of army missile, helicopter, unmanned ground vehicle and unmanned aerial vehicle weapon system. The central part of AMCOM's mission involves ensuring readiness through acquisition and sustainment support for aviation systems, missile systems, and test, measurement, and diagnostic equipment (TMDE) throughout their life cycle. The command is headquartered at Redstone Arsenal by Huntsville, Alabama. AMCOM works closely with the Aviation and Missile Research, Development, and Engineering Center (AMRDEC) that operates simulation facilities to

neg: Generalised Enterprise Reference Architecture and Methodology related generic concepts recommended for use in enterprise integration projects. These concepts include life cycle; enterprise entity types, enterprise modelling with business process modelling; integrated model representation in different model views and modelling languages for different users of the enterprise architecture (business users, system designers, IT modelling specialists, among others). Provides for the identification of the life-cycle phases for any enterprise entity from entity conception to its final end. The Figure 2: GERA Life-Cycle Concept, shows the GERA life cycle phases of enterprise entities. A total of 9 life cycle phases has been defined. Identifies entity types to be used

neg: Systems development life cycle number of SDLC models or methodologies have been created, such as waterfall, spiral, Agile software development, rapid prototyping, incremental, and synchronize and stabilize. SDLC can be described along a spectrum of agile to iterative to sequential methodologies. Agile methodologies, such as XP and Scrum, focus on lightweight processes which allow for rapid changes (without necessarily following the pattern of SDLC approach) along the development cycle. Iterative methodologies, such as Rational Unified Process and dynamic systems development method, focus on limited project scope and expanding or improving products by multiple iterations. Sequential or big-design-up-front (BDUF) models, such as waterfall, focus on

neg: Process-centered design tremendous agent productivity improvement and call center performance; which is not likely to be seen if it were designed only for user satisfaction, ease of use, etc. Process-centered design Process-centered design (PCD) is a design methodology, which proposes a business centric approach for designing user interfaces. Because of the multi-stage business analysis steps involved right from the beginning of the PCD life cycle, it is believed to achieve the highest levels of business-IT alignment that is possible through UI. This method is aimed at enterprise applications where there is a business process involved. Unlike content oriented systems such as websites

neg: Computer-aided lean management Computer-aided lean management Computer-aided lean management, in business management, is a methodology of developing and using software-controlled, lean systems integration. Its goal is to drive innovation towards cost and cycle-time savings. It attempts to create an efficient use of capital and resources through the development and use of one integrated system model to run a business's planning, engineering, design, maintenance, and operations. Computer-Aided Lean Management (CALM) is a management philosophy that uses computational software to reduce risk and inefficiencies. CALM acts on uncertainties and business inefficiencies to increase profitability through the use of computational decision-making tools that enable opportunities for

neg: Chemical reaction engineering industries, its general methodology combining reaction chemistry and chemical engineering concepts allows optimization of a variety of systems where modeling or engineering of reactions is needed. Chemical reaction engineering approaches are indeed tailored for the development of new processes and the improvement of existing technologies. The most important series of symposia are the International Symposia on Chemical Reaction Engineering or ISCRE conferences. These three-day conferences are held every two years, rotating among sites in North America, Europe, and the Asia-Pacific region, on a six-year cycle. These conferences bring together for three days distinguished international researchers in reaction engineering, prominent industrial

neg: Galapagos (video game) Galapagos (video game) Galapagos: Mendel's Escape is a computer action game developed by Anark Game Studios and published by Electronic Arts in 1997. It is perhaps best known for its use of "artificial life technology" to control the main character, only giving the player indirect control of the creature by manipulating the environment. Because of this, "Galapagos" has been called the first commercial video game to use artificial life methodology, though it was beaten to the market by "Creatures", whose development cycle overlapped with that of "Galapagos". The main character of Galapagos is AI-controlled and only "indirectly" responds to changes

neg: Process-centered design Process-centered design Process-centered design (PCD) is a design methodology, which proposes a business centric approach for designing user interfaces. Because of the multi-stage business analysis steps involved right from the beginning of the PCD life cycle, it is believed to achieve the highest levels of business-IT alignment that is possible through UI. This method is aimed at enterprise applications where there is a business process involved. Unlike content oriented systems such as websites or portals, enterprise applications are built to enable a company's business processes. Enterprise applications often have a clear business goal and a set of specific objectives like-

neg: Lean startup waste. In particular, such systems focus on: Lean manufacturing was later applied to software as lean software development. The lean startup methodology is based on the customer development methodology of Silicon Valley serial entrepreneur-turned-academic Steve Blank. In his book "The Four Steps to the Epiphany: Successful Strategies for Products that Win" (2005, 5th edition 2013), Blank pointed out the pitfalls of a narrow emphasis on product development; instead he argued that startups should focus on what he called "customer development", which emphasizes "learning about customers and their problems as early in the development process as possible". Blank's customer development methodology

neg: United Nations Development Assistance Plan United Nations Development Assistance Plan The United Nations Development Assistance Plan (UNDAP) is a common business plan for the United Nations agencies and national partners, aligned to the priorities of the host country and the internationally agreed development goals. It was launched by former UNDP Administrator James Speth. The UNDAP builds on the current joint programming processes for developing an UNDAF and UNDAF Action Plan. The UNDAP methodology was first used in Tanzania. The methodology was designed based on experiences from the previous UNDAF cycle, the Delivering as One (DaO) experience, and JAST participation. It was also a response to

neg: Systems development life cycle is rapid application development, which combines prototyping, joint application development and implementation of CASE tools. The advantages of RAD are speed, reduced development cost, and active user involvement in the development process. The system lifecycle in systems engineering is a view of a system or proposed system that addresses all phases of its existence to include system conception, design and development, production and/or construction, distribution, operation, maintenance and support, retirement, phase-out and disposal. The conceptual design stage is the stage where an identified need is examined, requirements for potential solutions are defined, potential solutions are evaluated and a system specification

neg: Universal Systems Language Universal Systems Language Universal Systems Language (USL) is a modeling language and formal method for the specification and design of software and other complex systems. It was designed by Margaret Hamilton based on her experiences writing flight software for the Apollo program. The language is implemented through the 001 Tool Suite software by Hamilton Technologies, Inc. USL evolved from 001AXES which in turn evolved from AXES all of which are based on Hamilton's axioms of control. The 001 Tool Suite uses the preventative concept of Development Before the Fact (DBTF) for its life-cycle development process. DBTF eliminates errors as early

neg: Lynn G. Gref Lynn G. Gref Lynn Gref (born 1941) is a technologist and systems engineer, who has done pioneering work in missile systems; command, control and communications (C3) systems; and satellite systems. He and Dr. William Spuck developed the Rapid Development Methodology (RDM) that was employed in the development of a number of C3 systems for the U.S. Department of Defense. RDM is a form of software development classified as iterative and incremental development. A primary distinction of RDM is that the user is left with a usable capability at the end of every iteration. He pioneered the development of C3 systems

neg: Work systems and backward arrows between each successive pair of phases indicate the planned sequence of the phases and allow the possibility of returning to a previous phase if necessary. To encompass both planned and unplanned change, each phase has an inward facing arrow to denote unanticipated opportunities and unanticipated adaptations, thereby recognizing the importance of diffusion of innovation, experimentation, adaptation, emergent change, and path dependence. The work system life cycle model is iterative and includes both planned and unplanned change. It is fundamentally different from the frequently cited Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC), which actually describes projects that attempt to produce

neg: Life cycle thinking also use life cycle thinking to better educate consumers. Requiring labels on products describing the impacts the product has and how to use the products in order to reduce the impact can be an important role for the government. Regulating supply chains and consumers with policy is motivational as negative reinforcement. Life cycle thinking provides a methodology for creating those policies in order to have the most effective and most cost efficient means of reducing environmental impacts. Many consumers, when making decisions on what to buy and what not to buy, consider the environmental impact of the particular product. Policy

neg: Principles of intelligent urbanism aquifer depletion, siltation and flooding reinforce one another in urban development, saving or destroying life support systems. The principle promotes environmental assessments to identify fragile zones, threatened ecosystems and habitats that can be enhanced through conservation, density control, land use planning and open space design (McCarg: 1975). This principle promotes life cycle building energy consumption and pollutant emission analysis. This principle states there is a level of human habitation intensity wherein the resources that are consumed will be replaced through the replenishing natural cycles of the seasons, creating environmental equilibrium. Embedded in the principle is contention that so long as

neg: Privacy Impact Assessment of 2002, Section 208, establishes the requirement for agencies to conduct privacy impact assessments (PIAs) for electronic information systems and collections. The assessment is a practical method of evaluating privacy in information systems and collections, and documented assurance that privacy issues have been identified and adequately addressed. The process is designed to guide SEC system owners and developers in assessing privacy during the early stages of development and throughout the systems development life cycle (SDLC), to determine how their project will affect the privacy of individuals and whether the project objectives can be met while also protecting privacy. The General

neg: Reliability engineering at a single supplier), allowing very-high levels of reliability to be achieved at all moments of the development cycle (from early life to long-term). Redundancy can also be applied in systems engineering by double checking requirements, data, designs, calculations, software, and tests to overcome systematic failures. Another effective way to deal with reliability issues is to perform analysis that predicts degradation, enabling the prevention of unscheduled downtime events / failures. RCM (Reliability Centered Maintenance) programs can be used for this. For electronic assemblies, there has been an increasing shift towards a different approach called physics of failure. This technique relies

neg: Computer-aided lean management challenges. Computer-aided lean management Computer-aided lean management, in business management, is a methodology of developing and using software-controlled, lean systems integration. Its goal is to drive innovation towards cost and cycle-time savings. It attempts to create an efficient use of capital and resources through the development and use of one integrated system model to run a business's planning, engineering, design, maintenance, and operations. Computer-Aided Lean Management (CALM) is a management philosophy that uses computational software to reduce risk and inefficiencies. CALM acts on uncertainties and business inefficiencies to increase profitability through the use of computational decision-making tools that enable opportunities

neg: Pliny Fisk III – was developed between 1995 and 2000, – and connects four fundamental tools: The Baseline Green framework – is a synthesis: of environmental Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), economic input/output modeling – and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The methodology – is applicable at multiple construction scales: from single family residential – to large-scale commercial. The procedure – compares the upstream environmental costs (of a standard construction material) with its market cost (in dollars) – to determine the material’s “external environmental cost ratio.” The “employment impact ratio” (EIR) – is a ratio: of employment (generated by a material) t o its market

neg: Center for Advanced Life Cycle Engineering advanced supply chain management concepts for electronic products and systems. In 2009, CALCE received the Systems Engineering Excellence Award from the National Defense Industrial Association. The award was presented at the 12th Annual Systems Engineering Conference in San Diego, California. The award was established in 2003 to honor Lt. Gen. Thomas R. Ferguson, Jr., USAF, whose leadership embodied the highest ideals in Defense Systems development and deployment. The award was given to CALCE for demonstrating outstanding achievement in the practical application of Systems Engineering principles, promotion of robust systems engineering principles throughout the organization, and effective systems engineering process development

neg: LSE approach to econometrics modeling) were key figures in the development of the approach and the one way the approach has been extended is through the work on integrated and cointegrated systems by Robert F. Engle, Clive Granger, and Søren Johansen. Another commonly used functional form is distributed lag or autoregressive distributed lag. David F. Hendry is considered to be the principal architect of the LSE approach. The methodology is often referred to as general-to-specific modelling, "Gets modeling" or "Hendry's methodology". The software package OxMetrics implements this process via the PcGive module "Autometrics" In the 1970s, when the LSE approach was in its infancy,

neg: Behavior tree can have life-threatening consequences. However, in current approaches, ensuring requirements are satisfied is often delayed until late in the development process during a cycle of testing and debugging. This work describes how the system development approach, behavior engineering, can be used to develop software for embedded systems. The result is a model-driven development approach that can create embedded system software that satisfies its requirements, as a result of applying the development process. Many large-scale systems consist of a mixture of co-dependent software and hardware. The different nature of software and hardware means they are often modelled separately using different approaches.

neg: Systems development life cycle solutions or recommendations of how the current system can be provided to meet its needs. This stage includes the development of detailed designs that brings initial design work into a completed with form of specifications. This work includes the specification of interfaces between the system and its intended environment and a comprehensive evaluation of the systems logistical, maintenance and support requirements. The detail design and development is responsible for producing the product, process and material specifications and may result in substantial changes to the development specification. Key steps within the detail design and development stage include: During the production and/or

neg: Knowledge-based engineering development and maintenance of KBE application, there is a need to rely on an appropriate methodology for managing the knowledge and maintaining it up to date. As example of such KBE methodology, the EU project MOKA, "Methodology and tools Oriented to Knowledge based Applications," proposes solutions which focus on the structuring and formalization steps as well as links to the implementation. An alternative to MOKA is to use general knowledge engineering methods that have been developed for expert systems across all industries or to use general software development methodologies such as the Rational Unified Process or Agile methods. Two critical

neg: Life cycle thinking looking at the life-cycle cost of a product (i.e. maintenance and storage costs) for a consumer and reducing that cost by providing services with the purchased good. Integrated product policy works to minimize environmental degradation caused by products by looking at all phases of a product’s life-cycle to pinpoint where taking action is most effective. This also uses a cradle-to-grave approach when looking at a product’s life. In addition, it is important that policies avoid burden shifting and do not decrease environment emissions at one stage of development at the expense of another. Policy measures used to action upon recommendations

neg: Generalised Enterprise Reference Architecture and Methodology Generic Reference Architecture Concept. It is applicable during all phases of the life cycle. Please note that the views will be generated from the underlying integrated model and any model manipulation. That means any change being done in one particular view will be reflected in all relevant aspects of the model. The GERA life cycle model has defined four different views: function, information, decision/organisation and resource/structure. Other views may be defined if needed and supported by the modelling tool. In addition, the life cycle model of GERA provides for two different categories of modelling: operation control and customer-service related. Modelling

neg: Soft systems methodology business and military logistics. It has been adopted by many organizations and incorporated into other approaches: in the 1990s for example it was the recommended planning tool for the UK government's SSADM system development methodology. The general applicability of the approach has led to some criticisms that it is functionalist, non-emancipatory or supports the status quo and existing power structures; this is a claim that users would deny, arguing that the methodology itself can be none of these, it is the user of the methodology that may choose to employ it in such a way. The methodology has been described

neg: Life cycle thinking forms and can be difficult to identify, quantify and compare. Retail often accounts for a significant portion of economies and thus can have huge implications in terms of environmental impacts. The life cycle of a product in retail would include the complete supply-chain of the product, its use and disposal or end-of-life treatment. There are many uses for life-cycle thinking in construction, especially in terms of construction waste and waste management. Finding better ways to recycle waste and prevent waste are important to reduce negative environmental impact of the construction industry. For construction products in Europe, a standardised methodology for

neg: Sjaak Brinkkemper International Federation for Information Processing IFIP WG 8.1 working group on information systems design and evaluation. Brinkkemper's research interests are methodology of product software development, software implementation, methods, requirements management, method engineering, information systems methodology, CASE-tools, and system development tools. Brinkkemper has published several books, papers, and articles. Books: Articles, a selection: Sjaak Brinkkemper Jacobus Nicolaas (Sjaak) Brinkkemper (born Monnickendam, 18 January 1958) is a Dutch computer scientist, and Full Professor of organisation and information at the Department of Information and Computing Sciences of Utrecht University. Brinkkemper received a BA from the University of Amsterdam in 1980 and an MSc

neg: Systems design Rapid application development (RAD) is a methodology in which a system designer produces prototypes for an end-user. The end-user reviews the prototype, and offers feedback on its suitability. This process is repeated until the end-user is satisfied with the final system. Joint application design (JAD) is a methodology which evolved from RAD, in which a system designer consults with a group consisting of the following parties: JAD involves a number of stages, in which the group collectively develops an agreed pattern for the design and implementation of the system. Systems design Systems design is the process of defining the architecture,

neg: Systems modeling (BPMN), a graphical representation for specifying business processes in a workflow, can also be considered to be a systems modeling language. In business and IT development the term "systems modeling" has multiple meanings. It can relate to: As a field of study systems modeling has emerged with the development of system theory and systems sciences. As a type of modeling systems modeling is based on systems thinking and the systems approach. In business and IT systems modeling contrasts other approaches such as: In "Methodology for Creating Business Knowledge" (1997) Arbnor and Bjerke the systems approach (systems modeling) was considered to

neg: Rajendra Achyut Badwe to combat breast cancer with the same efficacy as surgery. One of his researches, on the "Timing of surgery during the menstrual cycle for operable breast cancer" has positive effects on the cancer treatment regimes in the US and the UK. His contributions in the areas such as breast cancer, circulating tumour cells, DNA in solid tumours, clinical research methodology, and epidemiological research in oncology are reported to have enabled a better understanding of the cancer biology and in the development of life saving treatments patterns globally. It is reported that Badwe initiated and implemented the Clinical Research Secretariat (CRS)

neg: The Semantic Turn meanings to artifacts and interact with them accordingly"" and ""a vocabulary and methodology for designing artifacts in view of the meanings they could acquire for their users and the communities of their stakeholders"". While retaining the emphasis on meaning and on the importance of both theory and practice, "The Semantic Turn" extends the concerns of designers first to the new challenges of design, including the design of ever more intangible artifacts such as services, identities, interfaces, multi-user systems, projects and discourses; and second, to consider the meaning of artifacts in use, in language, in the whole life cycle of the

neg: Joint application design meeting. Scribe/Modeller/Recorder/Documentation Expert: Records and publish the proceedings of the meeting and does not contribute information to the meeting. Observers: Generally members of the application development team assigned to the project. They are to sit behind the participants and are to silently observe the proceedings. Joint application design Joint application design (JAD) is a process used in the life cycle area of the dynamic systems development method (DSDM) to collect business requirements while developing new information systems for a company. "The JAD process also includes approaches for enhancing user participation, expediting development, and improving the quality of specifications." It consists

neg: Artificial intelligence systems integration have succeeded in making a certain standard or a code of conduct popular to allow the large collection of miscellaneous systems to be integrated with any ease. Recently, however, there have been focused attempts at producing standards for A.I. research collaboration, Mindmakers.org is an online community specifically created to harbor collaboration in the development of A.I. systems. The community has proposed the OpenAIR message and routing protocol for communication between software components, making it easier for individual developers to make modules instantly integrateble into other peoples' projects. The Constructionist design methodology (CDM, or 'Constructionist A.I.') is a formal methodology proposed

neg: ISO 29110 for the software Basic Profile is illustrated in figure 2. A set of DPs to support the Systems Engineering Basic profile is under development in collaboration with members of INCOSE as illustrated in the figure below. Deployment packages as well as other support material, such as a plug-in, are available at no cost on Internet (see below). For Software Engineering: For Systems Engineering: For Service Delivery: For Systems Engineering: For Software Engineering: For DevOps: Miscellaneous: ISO 29110 ISO/IEC 29110: Systems and Software Life Cycle Profiles and Guidelines for Very Small Entities (VSEs) International Standards (IS) and Technical Reports (TR) are

neg: Generalised Enterprise Reference Architecture and Methodology GERAM, for "Generalized Enterprise-Reference Architecture and Methodology", by the Task Force. The Task Force has shown that such an architecture is feasible and that several architectures presently available in the literature can already or potentially can fulfil such requirements. The development of enterprise-reference architecture has evolved from the development of Design Methodology for Advanced Manufacturing Systems in the 1980s, such as CIMOSA, the Open System Architecture for CIM. The GERAM framework was first published by Peter Bernus and Laszlo Nemes in 1994. The eight main components, as shown in figure 1 are: "Generic Enterprise Reference Architecture" (GERA) defines the enterprise

neg: Fred Newman (philosopher) human life and its study - is a search for method. Performance social therapeutics, the name we use to describe our Marxian-based, dialectical practice, originated in our group therapy but is also the basis for a continuously emergent development community. We coined the term tool-and-result methodology for Vygotsky's (and our) practice of method in order to distinguish it from the instrumental tool for result methodology that characterizes the natural and social sciences (Newman and Holzman, 1993). Our community building and the projects that comprise it - the East Side Institute for Short Term Psychotherapy, the East Side Center for Social

neg: White Sands Test Center been collected, providing distributed test network support, overseeing off-Range safari of instrumentation, and providing imaging and media production services . In addition, they manage telecommunication tasks and implement Army assurance programs. The Systems Engineering Directorate develops data collection instrumentation and associated technology. They conduct planning, concept formulation, research and development, and systems engineering, development, integration and acquisition, along with field testing and life cycle support used for testing and evaluation of weapons systems. The instrumentation they have developed is used in support of many functional areas including radar, telemetry, and optical support; graphical displays, directed energy, data processing, storage and

neg: Object-oriented analysis and design working together to develop the Unified Modeling Language (UML). Later, together with Philippe Kruchten and Walker Royce (eldest son of Winston Royce), they have led a successful mission to merge their own methodologies, OMT, OOSE and Booch method, with various insights and experiences from other industry leaders into the Rational Unified Process (RUP), a comprehensive iterative and incremental process guide and framework for learning industry best practices of software development and project management. Since then, the Unified Process family has become probably the most popular methodology and reference model for object-oriented analysis and design. The software life cycle is typically