query: where do ruby throated hummingbirds spend the winter

pos: Ruby-throated hummingbird is sometimes produced with the outer tail-feathers during the dive, as the male flies over the female, spreading and shutting the tail as he does so. Ruby-throated hummingbird The ruby-throated hummingbird ("Archilochus colubris") is a species of hummingbird that generally spends the winter in Central America, Mexico, and Florida, and migrates to Eastern North America for the summer to breed. It is by far the most common hummingbird seen east of the Mississippi River in North America. This hummingbird is from long and has an wingspan. Weight can range from , with males averaging against the slightly larger female which

pos: Ruby-throated hummingbird a shrub or a tree. Of all hummingbirds in the United States, this species has the largest breeding range. In winter, the ruby-throated hummingbird is migratory, spending most of the winter in Florida, southern Mexico and Central America, as far south as extreme western Panama, and the West Indies. During migration, some birds embark on a nonstop 900-mile journey across the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean from Panama or Mexico to the eastern United States. The bird breeds throughout the eastern United States, east of the 100th meridian, and in southern Canada, particularly Ontario, in eastern and mixed deciduous and

pos: Zoophily plants are that they have suitable, sturdy places for perching, abundant nectar that is deeply nested within the flower. Often flowers are elongated or tube shaped. Also, many plants have anthers placed in the flower so that pollen rubs against the birds head/back as the bird reaches in for nectar (Celebrating Wildlife 2006). The ruby-throated hummingbird ("Archilochus colubris") is one of many species of hummingbirds. Found in North and Central America, this bird is an important pollinator for a variety of plant species. Some species, such as the trumpet creeper, are adapted specifically for ruby-throated hummingbirds (Harris 2000). This species

pos: Hummingbird the Caribbean Islands, or Central America. A few southern South American species also move north to the tropics during the southern winter. A few species are year-round residents of Florida, California, and the far southwestern desert regions of the USA. Among these are Anna's hummingbird, a common resident from southern Arizona and inland California, and the buff-bellied hummingbird, a winter resident from Florida across the Gulf Coast to southern Texas. Ruby-throated hummingbirds migrate in summer from as far north as Ontario, Quebec, and Atlantic Canada, returning to Mexico, South America, southern Texas, and Florida to winter. During winter months in

pos: Ruby-throated hummingbird Ruby-throated hummingbird The ruby-throated hummingbird ("Archilochus colubris") is a species of hummingbird that generally spends the winter in Central America, Mexico, and Florida, and migrates to Eastern North America for the summer to breed. It is by far the most common hummingbird seen east of the Mississippi River in North America. This hummingbird is from long and has an wingspan. Weight can range from , with males averaging against the slightly larger female which averages . Adults are metallic green above and greyish white below, with near-black wings. Their bill, at up to , is long, straight, and very slender.

pos: Purple-throated fruitcrow range, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being of "least concern". It is a stout medium-sized glossy-black bird. Males have a large purple-red upper throat patch, (similar to the gorget of the hummingbirds), extending to the side of the neck. It has a short wide pointed grayish bill, black eyes, and gray legs. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela; also in southern Central America in Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. The purple-throated fruitcrow

neg: Ruby-throated hummingbird broadleaved forest. In winter, it is seen mostly in Mexico and Florida. During migration southward in autumn along the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico, older male and female birds were better prepared for long-distance flight than first-year birds by having higher body weights and larger fuel loads. Ruby-throated hummingbirds are solitary. Adults of this species are not social, other than during courtship (which lasts a few minutes); the female also cares for her offspring. Both males and females of any age are aggressive toward other hummingbirds. They may defend territories, such as a feeding territory, attacking and chasing

neg: Hummingbird Canada and Chile each, Colombia alone has more than 160 and the comparably small Ecuador has about 130 species. The migratory ruby-throated hummingbird breeds in a range from the southeastern United States to Ontario, while the black-chinned hummingbird, its close relative and another migrant, is the most widespread and common species in the southwestern United States. The rufous hummingbird is the most widespread species in western North America, and the only hummingbird to be recorded outside of the Americas, having occurred in the Chukchi Peninsula of Russia. Most North American hummingbirds migrate southward in fall to spend winter in Mexico,

neg: Rockport, Texas center, located on a major North American migratory bird route, the Central Flyway. Whooping cranes winter in the large Aransas National Wildlife Refuge located nearby. Local organizations such as the Aransas Bird and Nature Club have helped preserve unique birdwatching reserves like the Connie Hagar sanctuary and Aransas Woods that are easily accessible. Located along the migration route of several species of hummingbirds, the city hosts an annual "Hummer and Birding Expo" which includes tours of local residences where hundreds of ruby-throated hummingbirds can be viewed at feeders. All of Rockport is served by the Aransas County Independent School District,

neg: Bryan Park (Downsville, Louisiana) pine forest around the pond, where you may sight such nesting species as black-throated green or black and white warblers, northern parulas, and red-shouldered and Cooper’s hawks. Wading birds such as great egret, great blue heron, and green heron also frequent the pond and the cattail perimeter hosts red-winged blackbirds. In the warmer months, honeysuckle attracts ruby-throated hummingbirds. Wetland migrants include marsh wren and common yellowthroat in the fall and spring. In the late winter until spring, black vultures court and cruise. Generally, the park boundaries are alive with woodpeckers, eastern bluebirds, various sparrows, vireos, Indigo buntings, eastern meadowlarks, bobwhites,

neg: Ruby-throated hummingbird occasionally include sugar-rich tree sap taken from sapsucker wells. The birds feed from flowers using a long, extendable tongue and catch insects on the wing or glean them from flowers, leaves, bark, and spiders' webs. Young birds are fed insects for protein since nectar is an insufficient source of protein for the growing birds. As typical for their family, ruby-throated hummingbirds are thought to be polygynous. Polyandry and polygynandry may also occur. They do not form breeding pairs, with males departing immediately after the reproductive act and females providing all parental care. Males arrive at the breeding area in the

neg: Sapphire-throated hummingbird to be a sapphire-throated hummingbird. The sapphire-throated hummingbird is most commonly found in coastal forests, occupying secondary forests, scrubby clearings and less frequently mangrove patches. They prefer light forests and forest edges over dense forests. The hummingbirds have been found using modified habitats, such as protected areas like the Tayrona National Natural Park in Colombia. They can reach elevations of up to 100m above mean sea level. Since it is a Central and South American species, the sapphire-throated hummingbird doesn't undergo huge migrations like other northern hummingbirds such as the Ruby-throated hummingbird. However, they may undergo local altitude dispersal due

neg: Lonicera sempervirens tubular, 5 cm long, with five small lobes opening at the tip to expose the stamens and stigma. Ruby-throated hummingbirds and insects pollinate the bright red to pinkish-red flowers from mid-spring to fall. Lonicera sempervirens Lonicera sempervirens (commonly known as coral honeysuckle, trumpet honeysuckle, or scarlet honeysuckle) is a species of honeysuckle native to the eastern United States. It can grow in many areas due to its hardiness. It is most often grown as a plant for wildlife. Ruby-throated hummingbirds use it in their natural range as well as other birds, butterflies, and bees. It is also grown as an

neg: Ruby-throated hummingbird among their predators are the smaller, swifter raptors like sharp-shinned hawks, merlins, American kestrels and Mississippi kites as well as domestic cats, loggerhead shrikes and even greater roadrunners, all of which are likely to ambush the hummingbird while it sits or sleeps on a perch or are distracted by breeding or foraging activities. Predatory lizards and bird-eating snakes may also prey on the species, especially on its tropical wintering grounds. Even large, predatory invertebrates have preyed on ruby-throated hummingbirds, including praying mantises (which have been seen to ambush adult hummingbirds at hummingbird feeders on more than one occasion), orb-weaver spiders,

neg: Ruby-throated hummingbird As in all hummingbirds, the toes and feet of this species are quite small, with a middle toe of around and a tarsus of approximately . The ruby-throated hummingbird can only shuffle if it wants to move along a branch, though it can scratch its head and neck with its feet. The species is sexually dimorphic. The adult male has a gorget (throat patch) of iridescent ruby red bordered narrowly with velvety black on the upper margin and a forked black tail with a faint violet sheen. The red iridescence is highly directional and appears dull black from many angles.

neg: Ruby-throated hummingbird and green Darners. Blue jays are common predators of nests, as are several other corvids in addition to some icterids, bats, squirrels and chipmunks. The vocalizations of ruby-throated hummingbirds are rapid, squeaky chirps, which are used primarily for threats. For example, males may vocalize to warn another male that has entered his territory. During the courtship displays, the male makes a rapid "tik-tik tik-tik tik-tik" sound with his wings. The sound is produced both during the shuttle display, at each end of the side-to-side flight. Also, the sound is made during dive displays. A second, rather faint, repeated whining sound

neg: Ruby-throated hummingbird lay two (with a range of 1 to 3) white eggs about in size and produce one to two broods each summer. They brood the chicks over a period of 12 to 14 days, by which point they are feathered and homeothermic. The female feeds the chicks from 1 to 3 times every hour by regurgitation, usually while the female continues hovering. When they are 18 to 22 days old, the young leave the nest and make their first flight. The oldest known ruby-throated hummingbird to be banded was 9 years and 1 month of age. Almost all hummingbirds of

neg: Hummingbird 30–45 minutes of consumption. These data suggest that hummingbirds are able to oxidize sugar in flight muscles at rates high enough to satisfy their extreme metabolic demands. By relying on newly ingested sugars to fuel flight, hummingbirds can reserve their limited fat stores to sustain their overnight fasting or to power migratory flights. Studies of hummingbirds' metabolisms are relevant to the question of how a migrating ruby-throated hummingbird can cross of the Gulf of Mexico on a nonstop flight. This hummingbird, like other birds preparing to migrate, stores fat as a fuel reserve, thereby augmenting its weight by as much

neg: Ruby-throated hummingbird during hovering partially through inversion of their cambered wings during an upstroke. During hovering, hummingbird wings beat up to 80 times per second. Nectar from flowers and flowering trees, as well as small insects and spiders, are its main food. Although hummingbirds are well known to feed on nectar, small arthropods are an important source part of protein, minerals, and vitamins in the diet of adult hummingbirds. Hummingbirds show a slight preference for red, orange, and bright pink tubular flowers as nectar sources, though flowers not adapted to hummingbird pollination (e.g., willow catkins) are also visited. Their diet may also

neg: Iris nelsonii with winter protection. It has a similar hardiness to Iris fulva. It can tolerate frost but will flower poorly in areas with cool summers. Iris nelsonii can be grown in southern UK, in damp or wet soils. "Iris nelsonii", due to its hybrid origin, has been well documented and observed. This research found that the iris was most commonly visited by Archilochus colubris (ruby-throated hummingbird), then other pollinators include butterflies, wasps, and bee species. It was found that hummingbirds did not show an initial preference for either flower when they entered multi-species arrays. But when a hummingbird first visited an

neg: Blue-throated mountaingem the nest at 24 to 26 days of age. Up to three broods per year are possible under ideal conditions; the female usually builds each new nest atop the previous nest, leading to nest "towers" at traditional nest sites. Like other hummingbirds, the blue-throated mountaingem feeds on nectar from flowers and catches insects in flight and by gleaning from vegetation. In winter, sap from wells drilled by sapsuckers may substitute for nectar. Blue-throated mountaingem The blue-throated mountaingem, also known as the blue-throated mountain-gem or blue-throated hummingbird ("Lampornis clemenciae") is a species of hummingbird, a member of the family Trochilidae of

neg: Ruby-throated hummingbird other hummingbirds that enter. As part of their spring migration, portions of the population fly from the Yucatan peninsula of Mexico across the Gulf of Mexico, arriving first in Florida and Louisiana. This feat is impressive, as a , non-stop flight over water would seemingly require a caloric energy that far exceeds an adult hummingbird's body weight of . However, researchers discovered the tiny birds can double their fat mass in preparation for their Gulf crossing, then expend the entire calorie reserve from fat during the 20-hour non-stop crossing when food and water are unavailable. Hummingbirds have one of the

neg: Ruby-throated hummingbird 7 years or more in age are females, with males rarely surviving past 5 years of age. Reasons for higher mortality in males may include loss of weight during the breeding season due to the high energetic demands of defending a territory followed by energetically costly migration. A variety of animals prey on hummingbirds given the opportunity. Due to their small size, hummingbirds are vulnerable even to passerine birds and other animals which generally feed on insects. On the other hand, only very swift predators can capture them and a free-flying adult hummingbird is too nimble for most predators. Chief

neg: Ruby-throated hummingbird its small mass, high wingbeat frequency and relatively large margin of mass-specific power available for flight. Several anatomical features contribute further, including proportionally massive major flight muscles (pectoralis major and supracoracoideus) and wing anatomy that enables the bird to leave its wings extended yet turned over (supine) during the upstroke. This generates lift that supports body weight and maneuvering. Hummingbirds achieve ability to support their weight and hover from wing beats creating lift on the downstroke of a wing flap and also on the upstroke in a ratio of 75%:25%, respectively, similarly to an insect. Hummingbirds and insects gain lift

neg: John Gould his second son, Charles. He arrived in New York too early in the season to see hummingbirds in that city, but on 21 May 1857, in Bartram's Gardens in Philadelphia, he finally saw his first live one, a ruby-throated hummingbird. He then continued to Washington D.C. where he saw large numbers in the gardens of the Capitol. Gould attempted to return to England with live specimens, but, as he was not aware of the conditions necessary to keep them, they only lived for two months at most. Gould published: "A Monograph of the Trochilidae or Humming Birds" with 360 plates

neg: Lilium pyrophilum fragrant. The petals are can be reddish, reddish–orange, dusky red or magenta towards the tip and marked with magenta spots and turned back in a "turks cap" shape. The anthers are magenta or purple. It blooms from late July to mid–August. Lilium pyrophilum is also named the "Sandhills lily" from its restricted location where it benefits from regular brush fires. "Lilium pyrophilum" is botanically related to Lilium superbum, with which it may be confused, and Lilium michauxii with which it can cross-pollinate. By observations it appears that the ruby-throated hummingbirds ("Archilocus colubris") may be involved in the pollination of this

neg: Ruby-throated bulbul four eggs is a typical clutch. The ruby-throated bulbul feeds on fruit and insects. Ruby-throated bulbul The ruby-throated bulbul ("Pycnonotus dispar"), or yellow bulbul, is a member of the bulbul family of passerine birds. It is found on Sumatra, Java, and Bali. The ruby-throated bulbul was originally described in the genus "Turdus". Until 2008, the ruby-throated bulbul was considered as conspecific with the black-capped, black-crested, flame-throated and Bornean bulbuls. Some authorities have considered the ruby-throated bulbul to be a subspecies of the black-capped bulbul. It is virtually crestless, has a deep red throat and reddish eyes. This is a bird

neg: White-throated mountaingem the upperparts plumage. The female white-throated mountaingem is entirely responsible for nest building and incubation. She lays two white eggs in a deep plant-fibre cup nest m high in a scrub, small tree or vine. Incubation takes 15–19 days, and fledging another 20-26. The food of this species is nectar, taken from a variety of small flowers, including epiphytic Ericaceae. Like other hummingbirds it also takes small insects as an essential source of protein. Male white-throated mountaingems defend flowers and scrubs in their feeding territories, and are dominant over most other hummingbirds. White-throated mountaingem The white-throated mountaingem ("Lampornis castaneoventris") is

neg: Ruby-throated bulbul Ruby-throated bulbul The ruby-throated bulbul ("Pycnonotus dispar"), or yellow bulbul, is a member of the bulbul family of passerine birds. It is found on Sumatra, Java, and Bali. The ruby-throated bulbul was originally described in the genus "Turdus". Until 2008, the ruby-throated bulbul was considered as conspecific with the black-capped, black-crested, flame-throated and Bornean bulbuls. Some authorities have considered the ruby-throated bulbul to be a subspecies of the black-capped bulbul. It is virtually crestless, has a deep red throat and reddish eyes. This is a bird of forest and dense scrub. It builds its nest in a bush; two to

neg: Sapphire-throated hummingbird feeders places by locals. Although the main food resource for the sapphire-throated hummingbird is nectar, it doesn't supply enough protein for the bird, especially during breeding season and the juvenile's fledging period. Therefore, the hummingbird also feeds on arthropods, such as flies and spiders. Although not a song-call, hummingbirds can often be distinguished by their buzzing sound made from rapid wing-flapping. Like most birds, the sapphire-throated hummingbirds has many calls, but their most common song is a high-pitched rattle sounding like "wi-didididididididididi". The sapphire-throated hummingbird is currently listed as a species of least concern due to its extent of occurrence

neg: Holyoke, Massachusetts state, and federal agencies, with sustainable development plans in place to encourage development within the city's dense grid to the east. Of the wildlife identified in Holyoke, there are 29 species of fish, 21 of amphibians, 18 of reptiles, at least 160 species of birds including ruby-throated hummingbirds and bald eagles, as well as 42 species of mammals such as black bears and moose. In recent years the area has seen a growing black bear population, with the occasional individual wandering into the city's downtown center. Holyoke has in the past established sister city relationships with cities abroad, including- Less

neg: Whiteshell Provincial Park include owls, bald eagles, ruby throated hummingbirds, chickadees, blue jays, grosbeaks, turkey vultures, redpolls, woodpeckers, osprey, loons, ruffed grouse, ducks and Canada geese. Snakes, turtles and a wide variety of insects are found in the park. The lakes and rivers contain perch, walleye, jackfish, lake sturgeon, black crappie, burbot, whitefish, trout, white bass, smallmouth bass and mooneye. Smoked mooneye meat is highly valued and sold as "Winnipeg goldeye". Whiteshell Provincial Park contains thirteen main freshwater lakes which are used for recreation such as boating, watersports and angling. These lakes are: There are many more remote lakes throughout the park that

neg: Lonicera sempervirens Lonicera sempervirens Lonicera sempervirens (commonly known as coral honeysuckle, trumpet honeysuckle, or scarlet honeysuckle) is a species of honeysuckle native to the eastern United States. It can grow in many areas due to its hardiness. It is most often grown as a plant for wildlife. Ruby-throated hummingbirds use it in their natural range as well as other birds, butterflies, and bees. It is also grown as an ornamental for its attractive flowers, especially as a native alternative to the invasive Japanese honeysuckle. Several cultivars have been selected for variation in flower color, including 'Magnifica' (flowers red outside, yellow inside), 'Sulphurea'

neg: Ruby-throated hummingbird their body weight, and they have long, blade-like wings that, unlike the wings of other birds, connect to the body only from the shoulder joint. This adaptation allows the wing to rotate almost 180°, enabling the bird to fly not only forward but backward, and to hover in mid-air, flight capabilities that are similar to insects and unique among birds. The main wing bone, the humerus, is specifically adapted for hovering flight. Hummingbirds have a relatively short humerus with proportionally massive deltoid-pectoral muscles which permit pronounced wing supination during upstroke when hovering. A hummingbird's ability to hover is due to

neg: Castilleja coccinea can be distinguished from other "Castilleja" of the southeastern US because it has a 2-to-3.5-millimeter long, thin yellowish or orangish lip on the corolla, the inflorescence bracts are deeply lobed, and the basal rosettes of leaves are usually well-developed. Though it can survive on its own, studies indicate a forty-fold growth increase when its roots parasitize those of another plant for nutrients. It is primarily pollinated by ruby-throated hummingbirds who can transfer the pollen long distances between typically small and scattered populations of this plant. Castilleja coccinea Castilleja coccinea, commonly known as scarlet Indian paintbrush or scarlet painted-cup, is a

neg: Hummingbird southern Louisiana, black-chinned, buff-bellied, calliope, Allen's, Anna's, ruby-throated, rufous, broad-tailed, and broad-billed hummingbirds are present. The rufous hummingbird breeds farther north than any other species of hummingbird, often breeding in large numbers in temperate North America and wintering in increasing numbers along the coasts of subtropical Gulf of Mexico and Florida, rather than in western or central Mexico. By migrating in spring as far north as the Yukon or southern Alaska, the rufous hummingbird migrates more extensively and nests farther north than any other hummingbird species, and must tolerate occasional temperatures below freezing in its breeding territory. This cold hardiness

neg: DuPont Historic Corridor ubiquitous pigeons and crows, animal species that are common on site include eastern cottontails, white-tailed deer, red-tailed hawks, groundhogs or woodchucks, eastern gray squirrels, and ruby-throated hummingbirds. Red-tailed hawks and red fox keep populations in control and a nearby colony of turkey vultures keep the grounds free of carrion. The Nemours Mansion and Gardens is a country estate with jardin à la française formal gardens and a classical French mansion. This is all sealed away behind a stone fence topped with glass shards said to have been built to keep out the relatives. The mansion resembles a Château and contains

neg: Iris fulva germination average. They then can take 3–5 years before reaching flowering stage. Seeds should be harvested from the plant after flowering but they must be from mature seed pods. They then should be stored in paper bags, as seed stored in glass containers often goes mouldy. "Iris fulva" (like "Iris brevicaulis") is primary pollinated by hummingbirds looking for nectar, mainly the ruby-throated hummingbird ("Archilochus colubris"). It also attracts butterflies. "Iris fulva" can easily hybridize with other Louisiana irises to create new variants. The first was 'Iris fulvala' a hybrid Dykes raised as a cross between "Iris fulva" and "Iris brevicaulis".

neg: Black-chinned hummingbird male has a black face and chin, a glossy purple throat band and a dark forked tail. The female has a dark rounded tail with white tips and no throat patch; they are similar to female ruby-throated hummingbirds. Juvenile plumage is similar to that of adult females, but with buff margins on the dorsal feathers. Juvenile males may also possess purple feathers on their throats. Young are born almost featherless, but obtain a complete set of feathers within three weeks of hatching. Juveniles can begin replacing their plumage in November, and acquire their first basic plumage between April and May.

neg: Ruby-throated hummingbird highest metabolic rates of any animal, with heart rates up to 1260 beats per minute, breathing rate of about 250 breaths per minute even at rest, and oxygen consumption of about 4 ml oxygen/g/hour at rest. During flight, hummingbird oxygen consumption per gram of muscle tissue is approximately 10 times higher than that seen for elite human athletes. They feed frequently while active during the day. When temperatures drop, particularly on cold nights, they may conserve energy by entering hypothermic . Hummingbirds have many skeletal and flight muscle adaptations which allow great agility in flight. Muscles make up 25–30% of

neg: Sapphire-throated hummingbird lilliae)" and the shining-green hummingbird "(Lepidopyga goudoti"). Unlike the sapphire-throated hummingbird, the male sapphire-bellied hummingbird has a darker shiny blue coloration on its throat which covers its entire ventral-side with the exception of the white undertail. The shining-green hummingbird differs in that it has very little to no blue plumage in comparison to the other two "Lepidopyga" species. The sapphire-throated hummingbird is part of the order Apodiformes, which includes the hummingbirds, swifts and treeswifts. They are part of the family Trochilidae, also known as the hummingbirds, which are distinguished by their small size, high metabolism and extremely rapid wing-flapping. The

neg: Fiery-throated hummingbird have rufous fringes to the head plumage. The call is a high-pitched twittering. The female fiery-throated hummingbird is entirely responsible for nest building and incubation. She lays two white eggs in a bulky plant-fibre cup nest 2–4 m high at the end of a descending bamboo stem or on a rootlet under a bank. Incubation takes 15–19 days, and fledging another 20-26. The food of this species is nectar, taken from a variety of small flowers, including epiphytic Ericaceae and bromeliads. Like other hummingbirds it also takes small insects as an essential source of protein. Male fiery-throated hummingbirds defend flowers

neg: Hummingbird to approximately 30 kHz. It also produces ultrasonic vocalizations which do not function in communication. As blue-throated hummingbirds often alternate singing with catching small ﬂying insects, it is possible the ultrasonic clicks produced during singing disrupt insect ﬂight patterns, making insects more vulnerable to predation. The metabolism of hummingbirds can slow at night or at any time when food is not readily available: the birds enter a hibernation-like, deep-sleep state (known as torpor) to prevent energy reserves from falling to a critical level. During night-time torpor, body temperature falls from 40 to 18 °C, with heart and breathing rates both

neg: Red-throated loon white on the flanks as well. If it is sitting lower in the water, so that the white on the flanks is reduced to a patch on the rear flank (thus resembling the pattern of the black-throated loon), that patch tends to be less clearly defined than the comparative patch on the black-throated. The red-throated loon breeds primarily in the Arctic regions of northern Eurasia and North America (generally north of 50°N latitude), and winters in northern coastal waters, sometimes in groups of considerable size. More than 4,400 spend the winter in a loose concentration on the eastern part of

neg: Huachuca Mountains named by Asa Gray. This area is appreciated for its birdwatching opportunities including some Arizona specialties such as hummingbirds, trogons, and tyrant flycatchers, including some rare birds such as the blue-throated, white-eared, and berylline hummingbirds; also buff-breasted flycatchers; and black-throated gray, red-faced, and Grace's warblers; also red crossbills and numerous other bird species. Huachuca Mountains The Huachuca Mountain range is part of the Sierra Vista Ranger District of the Coronado National Forest. The Huachuca Mountains are located in Cochise County, Arizona approximately south-southeast of Tucson and southwest of the city of Sierra Vista, Arizona. Included in this area is the

neg: Sapphire-throated hummingbird to habitat change. They live a solitary life in which they neither live nor migrate in flocks. During flight, hummingbirds have one of the highest metabolism and therefore require to eat more than their own weight in nectar each day to avoid starvation. Unlike most birds, the hummingbirds flap their wings upwards instead of downwards by inverting their wings, and therefore having a similar mechanism to insects. The sapphire-throated hummingbird is polygamous, and therefore remains solitary until the need to reproduce. Typically, only the males exhibit promiscuity, however sometimes females may also mate with several males. In order to gain

neg: Hummingbird method called "hover-hawking" to facilitate feeding. To supply energy needs, hummingbirds drink nectar, a sweet liquid inside certain flowers. Like bees, they are able to assess the amount of sugar in the nectar they eat; they normally reject flower types that produce nectar that is less than 10% sugar and prefer those whose sugar content is higher. Nectar is a mixture of glucose, fructose, and sucrose, and is a poor source of nutrients, requiring hummingbirds to meet their nutritional needs by consuming insects. Hummingbirds do not spend all day flying, as the energy cost would be prohibitive; the majority of

neg: Blue-throated mountaingem part in nest building or care of the young. The female constructs her nest from soft plant fibers, held together and attached to its support (a tree branch, flowering plant, fern, vine, rock shelf, or man-made object such as a wire or nail) using strands of spider silk stolen from spider webs. The exterior is camouflaged with green mosses where available; in drier habitats, moss-like dendroid lichens may be used, or the exterior may be left bare. Blue-throated Hummingbirds frequently nest over water, especially flowing streams. The two white eggs hatch in 17 to 19 days, and the young leave

neg: White-throated needletail White-throated needletail The white-throated needletail ("Hirundapus caudacutus"), also known as needle-tailed swift or spine-tailed swift, is a large swift in the genus Hirundapus. It is reputed to reach speeds of up to 170 km/h (105 mph) in horizontal flight, but this is unverified because the methods used to measure its speed have not been published. They build their nests in rock crevices in cliffs or hollow trees. They do not like to sit on the ground and spend most of their time in the air. They feed on small, flying insects like beetles, flies, bees and moths. The white-throated needletail

neg: Sapphire-throated hummingbird Sapphire-throated hummingbird The sapphire-throated hummingbird ("Lepidopyga coeruleogularis") is a shiny metallic-green hummingbird found in Panama, Colombia, and more recently Costa Rica. It is a species of hummingbird in the Trochilidae family, and one of three species in the genus "Lepidopyga". Additionally, the sapphire-throated hummingbird is separated into three subspecies; "Lepidopyga coeruleogularis coeruleogularis", "Lepidopyga coeruleogularis coelina", and "Lepidopyga coeruleogularis conifis". Measuring , this hummingbird sports a distinctively forked tail, which helps to distinguish it from other similarly sized and colored hummingbirds. The male is metallic green overall, with a violet-blue throat and dark tail. The female has entirely white underparts from

neg: Purple-throated mountaingem and scrubs in their feeding territories, and are dominant over most other hummingbirds. Females have slightly longer bills than males. There is some degree of niche differentiation between the sexes. Though both prefer flowers with a corolla long by wide, females far more often than males utilize plants with longer and thinner corollas. The female purple-throated mountaingem is entirely responsible for nest building and incubation. She lays two white eggs in a deep plant-fibre cup nest high in a scrub, small tree or vine. Incubation takes 15–19 days, and fledging another 20–26. Purple-throated mountaingem The purple-throated mountaingem ("Lampornis calolaemus") is

neg: Sapphire-throated hummingbird sapphire-throated hummingbirds are grouped into the genus "Lepidopyga", which includes only two other species; the sapphire-bellied hummingbird and the shining-green hummingbird. Although part of the same genus, the sapphire-throated hummingbird is taxonomically-closer related to the blue-headed sapphire ("Hylocharis grayi") than the shining-green hummingbird. Additionally, the sapphire-throated hummingbird acts as an outgroup for some members of the genus "Amazilia", such as the white-chested emerald ("Amazilia brevirostris") and the plain-bellied emerald ("Amazilia leucogaster"). After first being described in 1851, it was later discovered that there are two other subspecies of the hummingbird based on a difference of distribution and coloration, with the

neg: Black-capped bulbul Black-capped bulbul The black-capped bulbul ("Pycnonotus melanicterus"), or black-headed yellow bulbul, is a member of the bulbul family of passerine birds. It is endemic to Sri Lanka. The black-capped bulbul was originally described in the genus "Muscicapa". Until 2008, the black-capped bulbul was considered as conspecific with the black-crested, ruby-throated, flame-throated and Bornean bulbuls. Some authorities have considered the ruby-throated, flame-throated and Bornean bulbuls to be subspecies of the black-capped bulbul The black-capped bulbul is virtually crestless and has a yellow throat and brownish eyes. It is yellowish green above and yellow below. The tail is brownish and ends in

neg: Purple-throated sunangel Purple-throated sunangel The purple-throated sunangel ("Heliangelus viola") is a species of midsized hummingbird in the genus "Heliangelus". It is found in western Ecuador and northwestern Peru. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forest and heavily degraded former forest at an elevation ranging from 2150 to 3050 meters. It forages in the midstory of the forest for nectar. The sunangel is one of the more common hummingbirds in the Andean highlands and is more habituated to both human settlement and open habitats than many of its relatives. It is listed by the IUCN as a species of Least

neg: Purple-throated sunangel Concern due to its large range and its treatment as a frequently-seen species across much of its range. Purple-throated sunangel The purple-throated sunangel ("Heliangelus viola") is a species of midsized hummingbird in the genus "Heliangelus". It is found in western Ecuador and northwestern Peru. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forest and heavily degraded former forest at an elevation ranging from 2150 to 3050 meters. It forages in the midstory of the forest for nectar. The sunangel is one of the more common hummingbirds in the Andean highlands and is more habituated to both human settlement and

neg: Fiery-throated hummingbird and scrubs in their feeding territories, and are dominant over most other hummingbirds. They will, however, allow females to share their food resources. Stiles and Skutch, "A guide to the birds of Costa Rica" Fiery-throated hummingbird This is a common to abundant bird of montane forest canopy above 1400 m, and also occurs in scrub at the woodland edges and clearings. This bird is 4.3 inches long and weighs .2 ounces It has a straight black bill and dusky feet. The adult fiery-throated hummingbird has shiny green body plumage, a blue tail, and a white spot behind the eye. It

neg: Red-throated loon speckled, and its underparts are tinged with brown. Its eyes are reddish-brown, and its beak is a pale grey. Though some young birds hold this plumage until mid-winter, many quickly become virtually indistinguishable from adults, except for their paler bills. In flight, the red-throated loon has a distinctive profile; its small feet do not project far past the end of its body, its head and neck droop below the horizontal (giving the flying bird a distinctly hunchbacked shape) and its thin wings are angled back. It has a quicker, deeper wingbeat than do other loons. The adult red-throated loon has

neg: Caryocar brasiliense some pollinating but they are not known to be of major importance. During the day, the flowers are visited by bees and wasps which feed on remaining pollen. From dusk to the cessation of nectar production, hummingbirds may visit the flowers. While most of them only do this opportunistically, some species — e.g., the fork-tailed woodnymph ("Thalurania furcata") and in particular the glittering-throated emerald ("Amazilia fimbriata") — appear to visit pequi tree flowers on a regular base. More significantly, visits by small "tanagers" of the Thraupidae and Cardinalidae families around dusk are noted. In particular species like the guira tanager

neg: Rose-throated becard Rose-throated becard The rose-throated becard ("Pachyramphus aglaiae") is a medium-sized member of the family Tityridae. Its genus, "Pachyramphus", has traditionally been placed in Cotingidae or Tyrannidae, but evidence strongly suggest it is better placed in Tityridae. Rose-throated becards usually occur in riparian areas of pine-oak woodlands and evergreen forest. They breed from south-easternmost Arizona and extreme southern Texas of the United States to western Panama. Breeding is local and sporadic in the USA, and becomes more regular in Mexico. Birds are normally permanent residents, but any birds found in the US do retreat for the winter. The most distinguishing characteristics

neg: Psychotria poeppigiana that attract pollinators. The flowers themselves are inconspicuous, with the small yellow petals and sepals forming a narrow corollar tube. Pollinators are mainly hummingbirds, namely small hermit (Phaethornithinae) species like the black-throated hermit ("Phaethornis atrimentalis"), straight-billed hermit ("P. bourcieri") and reddish hermit ("P. ruber"). They do not insert their bills deeply into the small flowers, and thus the pollinators of the sore-mouth bush include curved- and straight-billed species alike. The scientific name honours the botanist Eduard Friedrich Poeppig. This widespread plant has been described under a variety of names, today all considered synonyms: A subspecies has been named: Local names

neg: Hummingbird per minute, a rate once measured in a blue-throated hummingbird, with a breathing rate of 250 breaths per minute, even at rest. During flight, oxygen consumption per gram of muscle tissue in a hummingbird is about 10 times higher than that measured in elite human athletes. Hummingbirds are rare among vertebrates in their ability to rapidly make use of ingested sugars to fuel energetically expensive hovering flight, powering up to 100% of their metabolic needs with the sugars they drink (in comparison, human athletes max out at around 30%). Hummingbirds can use newly ingested sugars to fuel hovering flight within

neg: Centre Hills populations of bridled quail-doves, purple-throated caribs, green-throated caribs, Antillean crested hummingbirds, Caribbean elaenias, scaly-breasted thrashers, pearly-eyed thrashers, brown tremblers, forest thrushes and Lesser Antillean bullfinches. Centre Hills Centre Hills is a forest reserve on the island of Montserrat, a British Overseas Territory in the Leeward Islands of the Caribbean Sea. It forms one of the territory’s Important Bird Areas (IBAs), which encompasses the forest reserve as well as additional habitat for the Montserrat oriole, the territory’s endemic, and critically endangered, national bird. The 1112 ha IBA comprises the largest remnant of Montserrat’s native forest. It encompasses the highlands of the

neg: Purple-throated mountaingem male has bronze-green upperparts and underparts except for a brilliant green crown, purple throat and dark grey tail. The female lacks the bright crown and throat, and has rich cinnamon underparts. Young birds resemble the female but have buff fringes to the upperparts plumage. The call of this species is a sharp buzzy "zeet". The food of this species is mainly nectar, taken from a variety of flowers. For the Rubiaceae "Psychotria elata" and "Palicourea lasiorrachis", it is the default pollinator. Like other hummingbirds it also takes small insects as an essential source of protein. Male purple-throated mountaingems defend flowers

neg: Northern Forested Ghauts native forest. Much of the native vegetation is fragmented and surrounded by cultivated and residential land. Other IBAs on the island are the Centre Hills and South Soufriere Hills. The IBA was identified as such by BirdLife International because it supports populations of bridled quail-doves, purple-throated caribs, green-throated caribs, Antillean crested hummingbirds, Caribbean elaenias, scaly-breasted thrashers, pearly-eyed thrashers, brown tremblers, forest thrushes, Lesser Antillean bullfinches and Antillean euphonias. Northern Forested Ghauts The Northern Forested Ghauts constitute a tract of land on the island of Montserrat, a British Overseas Territory in the Leeward Islands of the Caribbean Sea. It forms one

neg: Sapphire-throated hummingbird nectar of brightly-colored flowers of trees and shrubs. In order to compensate for their high metabolism, they prefer flowers with high sugar content such as those from the families Fabaceae, Rubiaceae, and Myrtaceae. They feed on tubular-shaped flowers by extending their long tongue to retrieve the nectar, while simultaneously hovering or perching on the flower or branch. In the process, the hummingbirds may frequently become covered in pollen and in turn contribute to the pollination of plants, creating a symbiosis relationship between the plant and bird. In more human-established areas, the sapphire-throated hummingbird may also retrieve their nectar from hummingbird

neg: Fauna of the United States Virgin Islands Coral World's Underwater Observatory on Saint Thomas offers views from a natural coral reef and is a 360-degree underwater observatory with fish species such as trumpetfish, grouper, squirrelfish, barracudas, seahorses, garden eels, cherubfish, moray eels, octopus, parrotfish, palometa and mojarra. Birds of the United States Virgin Islands include at minimum 144 species, including numerous tropical Caribbean birds, wood warblers, various seabirds and hawks. Some of the tropical species include the brown-throated parakeet, Hispaniolan parrot and three species of hummingbirds: the green-throated carib, Antillean crested hummingbird and Antillean mango. Raptors include four species of hawks: the fish hawk, marsh hawk, sharp-shinned

neg: Sapphire-throated hummingbird subspecies "Lepidopyga coeruleogularis confinis" is more specifically found on the Caribbean slope in eastern Panama and north-west Columbia. Whereas the subspecies "Lepidopyga coeruleogularis coelina" is more specifically found in the northern parts of Colombia, from north Chocó through Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta. In 2008, a male species of sapphire-throated hummingbird was discovered in Costa Rica as far as 35 kilometers north of the Panamanian border. This suggests that the hummingbirds are slowly dispersing northwards and establishing new territories. However, some unconfirmed records from 1962 in Costa Rica are thought to have been a mislabeled specimen, which was later found

neg: Black-throated mango to catch flying insects. It appears to be somewhat picky regarding favorite foodplants and often does not visit ornamental plants popular with many other hummingbirds, such as "Erythrina speciosa" or "Stifftia chrysantha"; certain ornamental Bignoniaceae like the fountain tree ("Spathodea campanulata") seem more to this bird's liking. While feeding, it has been observed to dominate over a glittering-bellied emerald ("Chlorostilbon lucidus") and to be displaced by a gilded hummingbird, both considerably smaller species. The black-throated mango's breeding season lasts almost year-round in most of its range. It builds a tiny cup nest on a high, thin, and usually bare branch.

neg: Rivoli's hummingbird clearings of montane oak forests from about 2,000 m altitude up to the timberline. During the breeding season they live around ravines in mountain areas of southern Arizona and New Mexico. They feed in open meadows where flowers are abundant. Rivoli's hummingbird species ranges from in length and weighs from , with males typically a little larger than females. Of the hummingbirds found in the United States, Rivoli's hummingbird is one of the two largest species, rivaled in size only by the blue-throated hummingbird. The black bill is long and straight to slightly curved. Both sexes look very dark unless

neg: Vassununga State Park species include the yellow-headed caracara (Milvago chimachima), solitary tinamou ("Tinamus solitarius"), Amazon parrots, Muscovy duck ("Cairina moschata"), blue ground dove ("Claravis pretiosa"), violaceous quail-dove ("Geotrygon violacea"), chestnut-bellied seed finch ("Oryzoborus angolensis"), hummingbirds, toucans, pionus parrots, black-throated grosbeak ("Saltator fuliginosus"), rufous-bellied thrush ("Turdus rufiventris"), forpus parrots, great kiskadee ("Pitangus sulphuratus"), thraupis, woodpeckers, tataupa tinamou ("Crypturellus tataupa"), small-billed tinamou ("Crypturellus parvirostris"), partridges, seriemas, hawks and "Cathartiformes". Other birds observed in the park include the rufous-tailed jacamar ("Galbula ruficauda"), squirrel cuckoo ("Piaya cayana"), southern beardless tyrannulet ("Camptostoma obsoletum"), purple-throated euphonia ("Euphonia chlorotica"), grey-headed tanager ("Eucometis penicillata"), barred antshrike ("Thamnophilus doliatus"), pale-breasted thrush ("Turdus

neg: Hummingbird their activity consists simply of sitting or perching. Hummingbirds eat many small meals and consume around half their weight in nectar (twice their weight in nectar, if the nectar is 25% sugar) each day. Hummingbirds digest their food rapidly due to their small size and high metabolism; a mean retention time less than an hour has been reported. Hummingbirds spend an average of 10–15% of their time feeding and 75–80% sitting and digesting. Because their high metabolism makes them vulnerable to starvation, hummingbirds are highly attuned to food sources. Some species, including many found in North America, are territorial and

neg: Black-throated blue warbler the black-throated blue warbler. The black-throated blue warbler is an open-nesting species, that nests very close to the ground so it has to choose a protected nesting site where the risk of predation is relatively low. The black-throated blue warbler forages actively in low vegetation, sometimes hovering or catching insects in flight. It often forages in one area for a while before moving on to the next. It mainly eats invertebrates such as caterpillars, crane flies, and spiders. It may supplement its diet with seeds, berries, and fruit in the winter. Males and females prefer different foraging sites. While males

neg: Atlanta metropolitan area three species of owls can be heard nightly in wooded areas. Various woodpeckers can be seen in forested lots, including the red-bellied woodpecker, northern flicker (also known as the "red-shafted flicker"), and the downy woodpecker. The red-headed woodpecker is common in open fields and on golf courses. The American goldfinch is present mostly in winter, and the ruby-throated hummingbird only in summer. Georgia has the smallest average county size of any state which operates county governments. This focuses government more locally but allows greater conflict between multiple jurisdictions, each with its own agenda. The first significant intergovernmental agency in metro

neg: Ruby-topaz hummingbird Ruby-topaz hummingbird The ruby-topaz hummingbird ("Chrysolampis mosquitus"), commonly referred to simply as the ruby topaz, is a small bird that breeds in the Lesser Antilles and tropical northern South America from Colombia, Venezuela and the Guyanas, south to central Brazil and northern Bolivia; also from Colombia into southern Panama. It is the only member of the genus Chrysolampis. It is a seasonal migrant, although its movements are not well understood. This hummingbird inhabits open country, gardens and cultivation. It is 8.1 cm long and weighs 3.5 g. Compared to most other hummingbirds, the almost straight, black bill is relatively short.

neg: Black-throated blue warbler yellow below. Predominantly insectivorous, the black-throated blue warbler supplements its diet with berries and seeds in winter. It builds its nests in thick shrubs and the closeness of its nesting sites to the ground make it a favored species for the study of warbler behavior in the wild. The black-throated blue warbler defends its territory against other birds of the same species for both nesting and winter habitats. As the black-throated blue warbler requires large, unbroken forest areas for nesting, its numbers are declining. The German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin described the black-throated blue warbler in 1789. Its species name

neg: Bellavista Cloud Forest Reserve huge variety of bird species. Hummingbirds are seen particularly often in and around the reserve, with sighted species including the lesser violetear, buff-tailed coronet, sparkling violetear, gorgeted sunangel, Andean emerald, purple-bibbed whitetip, speckled hummingbird, white-booted racket-tail, violet-tailed sylph and purple-throated woodstar. Species such as the tanager-finch, giant antpitta, swallow-tailed nightjar, plush-capped finch, beautiful jay, and white-faced nunbird are also seen, as well as the plate-billed mountain-toucan and toucan barbet. The Andean cock-of-the-rock is also frequently spotted at the nearby lek, where the males and females gather to breed. Mammals seen in the reserve area include the endangered spectacled bear, as

neg: Flame-throated bulbul the new species likewise in the genus "Brachypus" as "B. gularis". Viscount Walden suggested that this had already been described by Jerdon as "Brachypus rubineus" and called as the "ruby-throated bulbul" (although this name was published later). This was later included as a subspecies of a larger number of similar bulbuls in the Asian region under a broadly circumscribed "Pycnonotus melanicterus". With the re-resurgence of the phylogenetic species concept, the isolated population in the Western Ghats of India was separated as the flame-throated bulbul. The crested populations in the Eastern Ghats and Himalayas that lack the red throat which were

neg: Giant hummingbird the chin and throat, where "P. g. gigas" is more olive green to brown and lacks white on the chin and throat. The giant hummingbird occasionally glides in flight, a behavior very rare among hummingbirds. Its elongated wings allow more efficient glides than do those of other hummingbirds. The giant hummingbird’s voice is a distinctive loud, sharp and whistling “chip”. Belonging to the family Trochilidae (hummingbirds), "P. gigas" is one of approximately 331 described species in this family, making it the second largest group of new world birds. Trochilids are further divided into about 104 genera. It is thought that

neg: Yellow-throated marten muntjac fawns, while in Ussuriland the base of its diet consists of musk deer, particularly in winter. The young of larger ungulate species are also taken, but within a weight range of 10 to 12 kg. In winter, the yellow-throated marten hunts musk deer by driving them onto ice. Two or three yellow-throated martens can consume a musk deer carcass in 2 to 3 days. Other ungulate species preyed upon by the yellow-throated marten include young wapiti, spotted deer, roe deer and goral. Wild boar piglets are also taken on occasion. It may prey on panda cubs and smaller marten

neg: Todd Lake (Oregon) kinglet, ruby-crowned kinglet, warbling vireo, house wren, cedar waxwing, barn swallow, cliff swallow, and tree swallow. Other forest birds found in the area include northern flicker, Clark's nutcracker, red-breasted nuthatch, Brown creeper, brown-headed cowbird, pinyon jay, Steller's jay, Brewer's blackbird, common raven, and California quail. Local woodpecker species include American three-toed woodpecker, downy woodpecker, Pileated woodpecker, and hairy woodpecker. There are also two hummingbird species found in the area, Rufous hummingbirds and Calliope hummingbirds. The lake also attracts a wide variety of birds of prey. There are seven owl species—northern pygmy owl, flammulated owl, boreal owl, spotted owl, barn owl,

neg: Ruby Romaine daughter Desiree. However, according to the episode "Tracey Takes On... America," Desiree was the product of an affair with Senator Joseph McCarthy. "He was the first guy I did it with in a blimp." Besides Desiree, Ruby also as a son, Buddy. Ruby gave birth to her children six months apart, "That way I could spend a lot of time with them and make sure that they were growing up right." Desiree steals from the morgue where she works. Buddy was the product of incest. Ruby had an affair with her uncle, Shep. She was able to conceal her pregnancy

neg: Red-throated loon the red-throated loon. Red-throated loon The red-throated loon (North America) or red-throated diver (Britain and Ireland) ("Gavia stellata") is a migratory aquatic bird found in the northern hemisphere. The most widely distributed member of the loon or diver family, it breeds primarily in Arctic regions, and winters in northern coastal waters. Ranging from in length, the red-throated loon is the smallest and lightest of the world's loons. In winter, it is a nondescript bird, greyish above fading to white below. During the breeding season, it acquires the distinctive reddish throat patch which is the basis for its common name. Fish

neg: Hummingbird other sex to have a longer bill and be able to feed on a wide variety of flowers, decreasing intraspecific competition. For example, in species of hummingbirds where males have longer bills, males do not hold a specific territory and have a lek mating system. In species where males have shorter bills than females, males defend their resources and therefore females must have a longer bill in order to feed from a broader range of flower. Hummingbirds are specialized nectarivores and are tied to the ornithophilous flowers upon which they feed. Some species, especially those with unusual bill shapes such

neg: Tundra swan migrated to the Aral Sea before the late 20th century ecological catastrophe turned most of the habitat there into inhospitable wasteland. Arrival in winter quarters starts about mid-October, though most spend weeks or even months at favorite resting locations and will only arrive in winter quarters by November or even as late as January. The birds leave winter quarters to breed starting in mid-February. Vagrants may occur south of the main wintering range in cold years and have been recorded from most European countries where the birds do not regularly winter, as well as Algeria, Iraq, Palestine, Libya, Nepal, NE

neg: Red-throated loon Red-throated loon The red-throated loon (North America) or red-throated diver (Britain and Ireland) ("Gavia stellata") is a migratory aquatic bird found in the northern hemisphere. The most widely distributed member of the loon or diver family, it breeds primarily in Arctic regions, and winters in northern coastal waters. Ranging from in length, the red-throated loon is the smallest and lightest of the world's loons. In winter, it is a nondescript bird, greyish above fading to white below. During the breeding season, it acquires the distinctive reddish throat patch which is the basis for its common name. Fish form the bulk

neg: Bar-throated minla diet of the bar-throated minla varies by season; during the summer months it is almost exclusively insectivorous, taking beetles, caterpillars and other insects. In the winter months it will also take berries, seeds, and nectar. It will join flocks of other babblers and yuhinas in the non-breeding season, and feeds from the canopy down to near the forest floor. Two to four eggs are laid in a cup of grass, bamboo leaves, lichen and birch bark. Bar-throated minla The bar-throated minla or chestnut-tailed minla ("Minla strigula"), or even bar-throated siva, is a species of bird in the laughingthrush and babbler

neg: New Zealand wren species migrated, but it is considered highly unlikely, as three of the extinct species were flightless. The situation with the rock wren is an ornithological mystery, as they are thought to live above the snow line where obtaining food during the winter would be extremely difficult. Searches have found no evidence that they move altitudinally during the winter, but they are also absent from their normal territories. They may enter a state of torpor (like the hummingbirds of the Americas or a number of Australian passerines) during at least part of the winter, but this has not yet been proved.

neg: Pale-throated sloth America, including Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, western Venezuela and Colombia, and Brazil north of the Amazon River. There are no recognised subspecies. Pale-throated sloths are solitary, herbivorous animals that spend almost their entire lives in trees. Depending on habitat, population densities of anything from have been reported. They eat only leaves, including those of "Cecropia", "Ceiba", "Elizabetha", and "Hevea". Known predators include jaguars, margays, harpy eagles, and anacondas. The pale-throated sloth can hang so securely with its hooklike claws that it even falls asleep in this position. It may even stay suspended in the trees for some time after it

neg: Yellow-throated day gecko quarrelsome and do not accept other males in their neighbourhood. In captivity, where the females cannot escape, the males can also sometimes seriously wound a female during courtship. In this case, the male and female must be separated immediately. These animals should be housed in pairs and need a large, well planted terrarium. The temperature should be between 25 and 28 °C. The humidity should be maintained between 75 and 100%. In captivity, these animals can be fed with crickets, wax moths, fruit flies, mealworms, and houseflies. Yellow-throated day gecko The yellow-throated day gecko ("Phelsuma flavigularis") is an endangered diurnal

neg: Brown-throated sloth soil. Adult animals are solitary, except when raising young, and males have been observed to fight one another using their fore claws. Brown-throated sloths inhabit the high canopy of the forest, where they eat young leaves from a wide range of different trees. They do not travel far, with home ranges of only around , depending on the local environment. Within a typical, range, a brown-throated sloth will visit around 40 trees, and may specialise on one particular species, even spending up to 20% of its time in a single specific tree. Thus, although the species are generalists, individual sloths

neg: Bursera microphylla ripen gradually, a few at a time, and in some species many fruits remain on the trees as they begin to flower the following summer. Birds appear to be primarily responsible for seed dispersal in "Bursera". Gray Vireos and Ash- throated Flycatchers feed heavily on the ripe fruits of "B. microphylla" in the Puerto Lobos region of Sonora, Mexico during the winter months. The winter range of the Gray Vireo in Sonora closely matches the distribution of Bursera microphylla. Birds do not appear to eat the unripe fruit. Rodents sometimes gather fruits and seeds of "Bursera". Ants have been observed

neg: Ruby Tuesday (song) B-side to "Let's Spend the Night Together" on 13 January 1967. Due to the controversial nature of the A-side's lyrics, "Ruby Tuesday" earned more airplay and ended up charting higher in both the UK and the US. The song topped the American "Billboard" Hot 100 chart, while reaching number 3 in the UK's Record Retailer chart, which listed "Let's Spend The Night Together"/"Ruby Tuesday" as a double A-side. "Ruby Tuesday" was included on the US version of the 1967 album "Between the Buttons", while being left out of the British edition, as was common practice with singles in the UK

neg: Black-crested bulbul Black-crested bulbul The black-crested bulbul ("Pycnonotus flaviventris") is a member of the bulbul family of passerine birds. It is found from the Indian subcontinent to southeast Asia. The black-crested bulbul was originally described in the genus "Vanga". Until 2008, the black-crested bulbul was considered as conspecific with the black-capped, ruby-throated, flame-throated and Bornean bulbuls. Eight subspecies are recognized: The black-crested bulbul is generally about 19 cm in length. As the name suggests, the head of this bulbul is black while the rest of its body is different shades of yellow. Both the male and female are similar in plumage. One

neg: Bornean bulbul insects. Bornean bulbul The Bornean bulbul ("Pycnonotus montis") is a member of the bulbul family of passerine birds. It is endemic to the island of Borneo. Until 2008, the Bornean bulbul was considered as conspecific with the black-capped, black-crested, ruby-throated and flame-throated bulbuls. Some authorities have considered the Bornean bulbul to be a subspecies of the black-capped bulbul. The Bornean bulbul has a black crest, yellow throat, and brownish eyes. This is a bird of forest and dense scrub. It builds its nest in a bush; two to four eggs is a typical clutch. The Bornean bulbul feeds on fruit

neg: Bornean bulbul Bornean bulbul The Bornean bulbul ("Pycnonotus montis") is a member of the bulbul family of passerine birds. It is endemic to the island of Borneo. Until 2008, the Bornean bulbul was considered as conspecific with the black-capped, black-crested, ruby-throated and flame-throated bulbuls. Some authorities have considered the Bornean bulbul to be a subspecies of the black-capped bulbul. The Bornean bulbul has a black crest, yellow throat, and brownish eyes. This is a bird of forest and dense scrub. It builds its nest in a bush; two to four eggs is a typical clutch. The Bornean bulbul feeds on fruit and

neg: Black-crested bulbul can make out a younger bird by its slightly duller coloring. This is a bird of forest and dense scrub. It builds its nest in a bush; two to four eggs is a typical clutch. The black-crested bulbul feeds on fruit and insects. Black-crested bulbul The black-crested bulbul ("Pycnonotus flaviventris") is a member of the bulbul family of passerine birds. It is found from the Indian subcontinent to southeast Asia. The black-crested bulbul was originally described in the genus "Vanga". Until 2008, the black-crested bulbul was considered as conspecific with the black-capped, ruby-throated, flame-throated and Bornean bulbuls. Eight subspecies are

neg: Yellow-throated honeyeater silver-grey crown, face, and underbelly contrasting with a distinctive bright yellow chin and throat. There is a small yellow ear-patch and the wing feathers are outlined with yellow. The bill is black and the eye is a deep ruby red. Females are smaller than males. Juvenile birds are very similar to adults, but duller. The yellow-throated honeyeater is common and widespread on the mainland of Tasmania, King Island and the Furneaux Group. The species is common and widespread, and is not considered threatened. Its natural habitat is temperate forests, woodlands and coastal scrub and heath. Both wet and dry sclerophyll

neg: Flame-throated bulbul notes that can sound similar to those produced by the red-whiskered bulbul. The species has been referred to by names in the past such as ruby-throated bulbul and black-headed bulbul, but these are ambiguous and could apply to other species such as "Pycnonotus flaviventris" and "P. dispar". The species was described by John Gould in December 1835 (but published in 1836) based on a specimen in the Zoological Society of London that had been obtained from Travancore State. Gould noted that it was very similar to "Brachypus dispar" (now "Pycnonotus dispar") that had been described by Thomas Horsfield and placed

neg: The Book of Ruth (novel) woman. One hot night at the local lake, Ruth meets Ruby Dahl, a local male ne'er do well. When Ruby later takes Ruth out on a date, he takes advantage of her naiveté, but Ruth continues to see him and after several dates they decide to get married. Ruby moves in with Ruth and May, and May's oppression and Ruby's stubborn laziness frequently come to a head, causing frequent tension at home. Ruth's life is bleak and somber, and even the birth of her son fails to bring the joys Ruth expected. Seasonally, winter brings on bitter cold, both in

neg: Gorget (bird) Gorget (bird) A gorget is a patch of colored feathers found on the throat or upper breast of some species of birds. It is a feature found on many male hummingbirds, particularly those found in North America; these gorgets are typically iridescent. Other species, such as the purple-throated fruitcrow and chukar partridge, also show the feature. The term is derived from the gorget used in military armor to protect the throat. Feather wear and exposure to the sun can produce changes in the apparent color of iridescent gorget feathers. For example, fresh gorget feathers on the Anna's hummingbird are rose