query: how many planned parenthood locations are there in the united states

pos: Planned Parenthood dysfunction services. Education is available regarding male birth control and lowering the risk of sexually transmitted diseases. PPFA has two national offices in the U.S.: one in Washington, D.C., and one in New York City. It has three international offices, including a hub office in London, England. It has 68 medical and related affiliates and 101 other affiliates including 34 political action committees. These affiliates together operate more than 700 health centers in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. PPFA owns about in property, including real estate. In addition, PPFA spends a little over per year for rented

neg: United States House Select Investigative Panel on Planned Parenthood United States House Select Investigative Panel on Planned Parenthood The United States House Committee on Energy and Commerce Select Investigative Panel on Planned Parenthood is a select subcommittee of the United States House of Representatives. Following the 2015 release of undercover videos filmed by The Center for Medical Progress, an anti-abortion group, purporting to show Planned Parenthood engaging in the sale of tissue from aborted fetuses, John Boehner, the Speaker of the House, announced in September 2015 that he was considering forming a select committee to investigate Planned Parenthood. The committee falls under the jurisdiction of the House Energy and

neg: Planned Parenthood was completely or partially defunded. In August 2015, Louisiana Governor Bobby Jindal attempted to end Louisiana's contract with Planned Parenthood to treat Medicaid patients at a time when there was an epidemic of sexually transmitted diseases in Louisiana. Planned Parenthood and three patients sued the state of Louisiana, with the United States Department of Justice siding with Planned Parenthood. On February 2, 2016, the U.S. House failed to override President Obama's veto of (Restoring Americans' Healthcare Freedom Reconciliation Act of 2015) which would have prohibited Planned Parenthood from receiving any federal Medicaid funds for one year. Late in 2016, the

neg: United States House Select Investigative Panel on Planned Parenthood stripped of U.S. funding." An analysis by "Science" concluded that the report included errors and inaccuracies. United States House Select Investigative Panel on Planned Parenthood The United States House Committee on Energy and Commerce Select Investigative Panel on Planned Parenthood is a select subcommittee of the United States House of Representatives. Following the 2015 release of undercover videos filmed by The Center for Medical Progress, an anti-abortion group, purporting to show Planned Parenthood engaging in the sale of tissue from aborted fetuses, John Boehner, the Speaker of the House, announced in September 2015 that he was considering forming a select

neg: Americans United for Life other organizations, Expose Planned Parenthood, to campaign for the United States Congress to end federal funding of Planned Parenthood. In an article in "The Washington Times", the organization's counsel, Anna Franzonello, argued that the federal funding of Planned Parenthood effectively means that U.S. taxpayers are funding abortion procedures. She also voiced criticism of Planned Parenthood's advisory role to the government, particularly with regard to health care reform. The organization released a report on Planned Parenthood in July 2011, based on a study of 20 years of its records and other evidence including law enforcement reports. Based on the findings of

neg: John Fleming (American politician) legislation and court decisions that are pro-life and pro-traditional family. In 2012, Fleming attracted attention for sharing an article from the satirical news source "The Onion" (titled "Planned Parenthood Opens $8 Billion Abortionplex") with his Facebook followers with the apparently sincere message, "More on Planned Parenthood, abortion by wholesale". He deleted the post after commenters highlighted the article's satirical nature. After Republicans took control of the United States House of Representatives In 2011, a debate emerged over how to bring deficit spending under control after it ballooned to over $1.3 trillion annually from 2009-2011. A compromise deal was struck, called

neg: Planned Parenthood Planned Parenthood Planned Parenthood Federation of America, Inc. (PPFA), or Planned Parenthood, is a nonprofit organization that provides reproductive health care in the United States and globally. It is a tax-exempt corporation under Internal Revenue Code section 501(c)(3) and a member association of the International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF). PPFA has its roots in Brooklyn, New York, where Margaret Sanger opened the first birth control clinic in the U.S. in 1916. Sanger founded the American Birth Control League in 1921, which changed its name to Planned Parenthood in 1942. Planned Parenthood consists of 159 medical and non-medical affiliates, which operate

neg: Faye Wattleton though the 1980s were a time of reproductive change, many people did not support Wattleton's stance. Planned Parenthood clinics across the country experienced shootings, bombings, fires, and employees were killed or injured. As Wattleton's time at Planned Parenthood progressed, there was a major decision by the Supreme Court, Webster v Reproductive Health in which the court held that states do not have to fund legal abortions. At the same time, Wattleton was disappointed that about half of Planned Parenthood affiliates did not offer abortions. This all led to her resignation as President in February 1991. The ending of her time

neg: Reproductive rights the consequences, and prevention of pregnancy and STIs. Abortion in the United States is legal since the United States Supreme Court decision "Roe v. Wade" which decriminalised abortion nationwide in 1973, and established a minimal period during which abortion is legal (with more or fewer restrictions throughout the pregnancy). That basic framework, modified in "Planned Parenthood v. Casey" (1992), remains nominally in place, although the effective availability of abortion varies significantly from state to state, as many counties have no abortion providers. "Planned Parenthood v. Casey" held that a law cannot place legal restrictions imposing an undue burden for "the

neg: Abortion in Oklahoma 2016, the Oklahoma Supreme Court struck down a state law requiring doctors who perform abortions to have admitting privileges at a hospital near their clinic, stating the measure "places an undue burden on a women’s access to abortion." Currently, the state of Oklahoma has three abortion providing clinics: Abortion Surgery Center, South Wind Women's Center and Reproductive Services. Planned Parenthood Great Plains had provided medical abortions in Oklahoma City but no longer has a physician on site so there are no abortions performed by Planned Parenthood in Oklahoma. Abortion in Oklahoma Abortion in Oklahoma is legal under United States law,

neg: Planned Parenthood Federation of America, Inc. v. Bucci Parenthood. For the First Amendment defense, the court held that because Planned Parenthood wanted only to restrain Bucci's usage of their mark as a domain, and not his actual speech, the defense did not apply. The defendant was barred from using the Planned Parenthood mark, making "colorable" imitations, representing the defendant (by offering information, products, or services), and from taking any other action in creating confusion for internet users or consumers in relation to the Planned Parenthood mark. Bucci appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. In a non-substantive summary order, the Second Circuit affirmed

neg: Social policy of Donald Trump for abortion-related procedures). In March 2016, Trump said that Planned Parenthood should not be funded "as long as you have the abortion going on," but acknowledged that "Planned Parenthood has done very good work for many, many -- for millions of women." Planned Parenthood said in a statement that "Trump presidency would be a disaster for women" and criticized Trump's claim that "he'd be great for women while in the same breath pledging to block them from accessing care at Planned Parenthood." In an interview later that month, Trump acknowledged that there must be "some form" of punishment for women

neg: Planned Parenthood of Central Missouri v. Danforth Planned Parenthood of Central Missouri v. Danforth Planned Parenthood v. Danforth, 428 U.S. 52 (1976), is a United States Supreme Court case on abortion. The plaintiffs challenged the constitutionality of a Missouri statute regulating abortion. The Court upheld the right to have an abortion, declaring unconstitutional the statute's requirement of prior written consent from a parent (in the case of a minor) or a spouse (in the case of a married woman). The plaintiffs brought suit in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri, seeking injunctive relief. Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2281, the court convened

neg: Planned Parenthood v. Casey Planned Parenthood v. Casey Planned Parenthood v. Casey, 505 U.S. 833 (1992), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the constitutionality of several Pennsylvania state statutory provisions regarding abortion were challenged. The Court's plurality opinion reaffirmed the central holding of "Roe v. Wade" stating that "matters, involving the most intimate and personal choices a person may make in a lifetime, choices central to personal dignity and autonomy, are central to the liberty protected by the Fourteenth Amendment." The Court's plurality opinion upheld the constitutional right to have an abortion while altering the standard for analyzing restrictions on

neg: Planned Parenthood one series showed Planned Parenthood employees at many affiliates actively assisting or being complicit in aiding a prostitution ring, advising patients on how to procure sex-selective abortions, while one who said they would immerse a child born alive after a botched abortion in a chemical solution to make it stop moving and breathing. No criminal convictions resulted, but some Planned Parenthood employees and volunteers were fired for not following procedure, and the organization committed to retraining its staff. Additionally, one center was placed on probation. In the U.S., abortion providers have been threatened with death, and facilities that provide abortions

neg: United States abortion-rights movement with the platform, however, and there is a small pro-life faction within the party, expressed in such groups as Democrats for Life of America. Similarly, there is a small abortion-rights faction within the Republican Party. The Libertarian Party holds "that government should be kept out of the matter". The pro-choice movement includes a variety of organizations, with no single centralized decision-making body. Many more individuals who are not members of these organizations also support their views and arguments. Planned Parenthood, NARAL Pro-Choice America, the National Abortion Federation, the National Organization for Women, and the American Civil Liberties Union are the

neg: Planned Parenthood 2015 undercover videos controversy infants but has since placed his research on hold after United States Marshals delivered the subpoena to his Nashville apartment, which is in proximity to Marsha Blackburn and Diane Black. This is in spite of broad support for fetal tissue research by the scientific community. "The New England Journal of Medicine" (NEJM) published an editorial in support of Planned Parenthood's "efforts to channel fetal tissue into important medical research". The editorial argued that many medical advances would not have been made without fetal tissue research and that "Planned Parenthood, its physicians, and the researchers who do this work should be

neg: Gonzales v. Carhart United States in the companion case of "Gonzales v. Planned Parenthood". Eve Gartner presented arguments for Planned Parenthood. The Supreme Court has made available audio of the oral arguments, in both "Carhart" and "Planned Parenthood". Justice Anthony Kennedy wrote for the Court that the respondents had failed to prove that Congress lacked authority to ban this abortion procedure. Chief Justice John Roberts, Justice Samuel Alito, Justice Clarence Thomas, and Justice Antonin Scalia agreed with the Court's judgment, joining Kennedy's opinion. The Court left the door open for as-applied challenges, citing its recent precedent in "Ayotte v. Planned Parenthood of New

neg: Joe Manchin for Planned Parenthood, a nonprofit organization that provides reproductive health services, including abortions, both in the United States and globally. He has the endorsement of Democrats for Life of America, a pro-life Democratic PAC. On March 30, 2017, however, Manchin expressed support for abortion rights providers by voting against H.J.Res. 43. A pending federal regulation would have prevented states from withholding money from abortion providers. H.J.Res. 43, which was signed by President Trump, would have nullified that regulation. In April 2017, Manchin endorsed the continued funding of Planned Parenthood. Also in 2017, Planned Parenthood gave Manchin a rating of 44%.

neg: Guttmacher Institute 1968 as part of Planned Parenthood, with its funding being solely from Planned Parenthood.Once the Guttmacher Institute was no longer connected to Planned Parenthood in 2007, the organization only received less than 1% of its funding from Planned Parenthood in 2010. Now, most of the funding is gained through private foundations based in the United States. Other funding does come from international organizations such as the World Health Organizationand the World Bank.Over the last 25 years, the MacArthur Foundation has provided funding so that the Guttmacher Institute can conduct studies internationally on the abortion rates and reproductive health of women.

neg: Eugenics in the United States his classes. The NAACP founder asked his students how eugenics can affect society in a good way in 1915. Eugenics seemed to be accepted by all kinds of people. W.E.B DuBois, a historian and civil rights leader had some beliefs that lined up with eugenics. He believed in developing the best versions of African Americans in order for his race to succeed. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. even received an award from Planned Parenthood in 1966 and in his acceptance speech, given by his wife, King discussed how large families are no longer functional in an urban setting. King claimed

neg: 2012 United States Senate election in West Virginia United States Senator Joe Manchin (Democratic), Bob Baber (Mountain), and John Raese (Republican). Raese filed a rematch against Manchin, arguing that he now had more material to criticize Manchin for. One example is how Manchin lost his long-time endorsement from "West Virginians for Life" because of his vote against defunding Planned Parenthood, the nation's largest abortion provider. Another example is how he is undecided about whether or not to support Obama's re-election campaign. Senior Obama campaign advisor David Axelrod commented in response, "His concern is about his own political well-being." In addition, he voted against U.S. Congressman Paul Ryan's Republican

neg: North Carolina Women's Right to Know Act trying to figure out how to implement this at the lowest possible cost to our patients and still be as accessible as possible," said Janet Colm, the chief executive officer at Planned Parenthood Central North Carolina." Although many have voiced their opposition to the law, there are also many who are in favor of such a regulation. It is clear through the veto override that NC legislators are, for the most part, in favor of the "Right to Know Act". "The state's Republican-led General Assembly passed the law this summer, overriding a veto by Democratic Governor Bev Perdue. North Carolina

neg: Planned Parenthood 2015 undercover videos controversy states have also used this as an opportunity to cut or attempt to cut family planning funding at the state level. Officials in twelve states initiated investigations into claims made by the videos, but none found Planned Parenthood clinics to have sold tissue for profit as alleged by CMP and other anti-abortion groups. An investigation by the U.S. House of Representatives Oversight and Government Reform Committee found no evidence of wrongdoing by Planned Parenthood. A select committee, the U.S. House Committee on Energy and Commerce Select Investigative Panel on Planned Parenthood, was formed to further investigate Planned Parenthood. The Republican-controlled

neg: David Karp of November 1, 2017, Tumblr hosts over 375.4 million blogs. Karp announced in November 2017 that he would be leaving Tumblr by the end of the year. Karp joined the Planned Parenthood Board of Directors in 2014. In March 2017, Tumblr and Planned Parenthood launched an initiative calling on the tech industry to support Planned Parenthood. Karp endorsed Hillary Clinton for president in the lead-up to the 2016 United States election. Beginning in 2011, Karp's girlfriend was Rachel Eakley, a psychology graduate and nursing student. They lived together in Williamsburg with their pet dog, Clark. The pair split in 2014.

neg: Birth control movement in the United States formed. In 1942, there were over 400 birth control organizations in America, contraception was fully embraced by the medical profession, and the anti-contraception Comstock laws (which still remained on the books) were rarely enforced. After World War II advocacy for reproductive rights transitioned into a new era which focused on abortion, public funding, and insurance coverage. Birth control advocacy also took on a global aspect as organizations around the world began to collaborate. In 1946, Sanger helped found the International Committee on Planned Parenthood, which evolved into the International Planned Parenthood Federation and soon became the world's largest non-governmental international

neg: Carly Fiorina 2016 presidential campaign funding for Planned Parenthood, the largest single provider of abortions in the United States, performing over 300,000 per year. The use of federal funds for abortions is mostly banned under current law. During the September 16, 2015, GOP presidential candidates' debate on "CNN", Fiorina criticized Planned Parenthood for their involvement in abortions. She referred to the secret recordings made by The Center for Medical Progress (CMP), and stated: According to "The Wall Street Journal", "there was never any video that depicted, as Ms. Fiorina stated, a live fetus on a table being prepared for organ harvesting." PolitiFact.com noted that the

neg: Myron Herbert Thompson Middle District of Alabama vacated by Judge Frank Minis Johnson. Thompson was confirmed by the United States Senate on September 26, 1980, and received his commission on September 29, 1980. He served as Chief Judge from 1991 to 1998. He took senior status on August 22, 2013. In a 2014 ruling, Thompson ruled an Alabama law regulating abortion unconstitutional, in "Planned Parenthood Southeast, Inc., v. Strange" (also known as "Planned Parenthood Southeast, Inc., v. Bentley"), citing the undue burden standard. Myron Herbert Thompson Myron Herbert Thompson (born January 7, 1947) is a Senior United States District Judge of the United

neg: Live Action (organization) in February 2011 for undercover videos at multiple Planned Parenthood affiliates. The videos show Planned Parenthood staff counseling an investigator posing as a pimp on how to procure clandestine abortions and STD testing for his underage sex workers. According to spokespeople at Planned Parenthood, the organization reported the activities of the individuals involved to the Federal Bureau of Investigation before the videos were made public. Neither the Justice Department nor the FBI would confirm that an investigation was launched. After the video releases, Planned Parenthood denied Live Action's allegations that they condone or support sexual slavery and statutory rape. They

neg: Abortion in the United States nominally in place, although the effective availability of abortion varies significantly from state to state, as many counties have no abortion providers. "Planned Parenthood v. Casey" held that a law cannot place legal restrictions imposing an undue burden for "the purpose or effect of placing a substantial obstacle in the path of a woman seeking an abortion of a nonviable fetus." In the United States, the main actors in the abortion debate are most often labeled either as "pro-choice" or "pro-life", though shades of opinion exist, and most Americans are considered to be somewhere in the middle. A 2018 Gallup

neg: Birth control movement in the United States of America (BCFA). Although Sanger continued in the role of president, she no longer wielded the same power as she had in the early years of the movement, and, in 1942, more conservative forces within the organization changed the name to Planned Parenthood Federation of America, a name Sanger objected to because she considered it too euphemistic. After World War II, the leadership of Planned Parenthood de-emphasized radical feminism and shifted focus to more moderate themes such as family planning and population policy. The movement to legalize birth control came to a gradual conclusion around the time Planned Parenthood was

neg: Planned Parenthood Federation of America, Inc. v. Bucci Planned Parenthood Federation of America, Inc. v. Bucci Planned Parenthood Federation of America, Inc. v. Bucci, 42 U.S.P.Q.2d 1430 (S.D.N.Y. 1997), an early Internet domain trademark infringement case heard in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, established the theory that hosting a site under a domain name that was the registered trademark of a third party constituted trademark infringement. The case was also important in determining what constitutes "Use in Commerce" under the Lanham Act in cyberspace. Although these holdings were modified and overruled by various American courts following the decision, "Bucci" stands as

neg: Jennifer Childs-Roshak the Medical Director of Quality at the Milford Regional Medical Center. In 2012 she joined Harvard Vanguard's internal medicine department as a physician. She later became the medical director of their facilities in Kenmore, Copley, and Post Office Square, under Atrius Health. On November 23, 2015, Childs-Roshak became the president and chief executive officer of Planned Parenthood League of Massachusetts, and the President of the Planned Parenthood Advocacy Fund of Massachusetts. She is the first person with a medical degree to lead any Planned Parenthood in the United States, having filled the vacancy left by Marty Walz, who resigned from

neg: Planned Parenthood v. Casey He also dissented from the plurality's undue burden test, and instead found his trimester framework "administrable" and"far less manipulable." Blackmun even went further in his opinion than Stevens, sharply attacking and criticizing the anti-"Roe" bloc of the Court. Planned Parenthood v. Casey Planned Parenthood v. Casey, 505 U.S. 833 (1992), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the constitutionality of several Pennsylvania state statutory provisions regarding abortion were challenged. The Court's plurality opinion reaffirmed the central holding of "Roe v. Wade" stating that "matters, involving the most intimate and personal choices a person may make in a

neg: Planned Parenthood of Central Missouri v. Danforth just as the state could not regulate or proscribe abortion during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy nor could the state "delegate to a spouse veto power." Planned Parenthood of Central Missouri v. Danforth Planned Parenthood v. Danforth, 428 U.S. 52 (1976), is a United States Supreme Court case on abortion. The plaintiffs challenged the constitutionality of a Missouri statute regulating abortion. The Court upheld the right to have an abortion, declaring unconstitutional the statute's requirement of prior written consent from a parent (in the case of a minor) or a spouse (in the case of a married woman). The

neg: Ayotte v. Planned Parenthood of Northern New England Ayotte v. Planned Parenthood of Northern New England Ayotte v. Planned Parenthood of Northern New England, 546 U.S. 320 (2006), was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States involving a facial challenge to New Hampshire's parental notification abortion law. The First Circuit had ruled that the law was unconstitutional and an injunction against its enforcement was proper. The Supreme Court vacated this judgment and remanded the case, but avoided a substantive ruling on the challenged law or a reconsideration of prior Supreme Court abortion precedent. Instead, the Court only addressed the issue of remedy, holding that invalidating

neg: Ayotte v. Planned Parenthood of Northern New England then Democrat governor John Lynch's veto. Respondent Ayotte v. Planned Parenthood of Northern New England Ayotte v. Planned Parenthood of Northern New England, 546 U.S. 320 (2006), was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States involving a facial challenge to New Hampshire's parental notification abortion law. The First Circuit had ruled that the law was unconstitutional and an injunction against its enforcement was proper. The Supreme Court vacated this judgment and remanded the case, but avoided a substantive ruling on the challenged law or a reconsideration of prior Supreme Court abortion precedent. Instead, the Court only addressed

neg: Lindy West movement? Where are all the young feminists and womanists and activists?' Dude, they're on the internet." On September 19, 2015, West co-founded Shout Your Abortion, a social media campaign on Twitter where people share their abortion experiences online without "sadness, shame or regret" for the purpose of "destigmatization, normalization, and putting an end to shame". The social media campaign was initiated in response to efforts by the United States House of Representatives to defund Planned Parenthood following the Planned Parenthood 2015 undercover videos controversy. In 2016, West won "The Stranger"s Genius Award in Literature for her book "." On July

neg: Hewlett Foundation natural gas. Hewlett collaborated with the Center for Investigative Reporting to create California Watch, an investigative reporting project focused on California news. The Hewlett Foundation make grants in developing countries and in the United States to provide and advocate for family planning and reproductive health services. The Hewlett Foundation has given major financial support to Planned Parenthood and the International Planned Parenthood Federation. The following table lists the top sectors to which the Hewlett Foundation has committed funding within its Global Development and Population Program. Data are taken from the International Aid Transparency Initiative activities publication, and is expected to

neg: Roe v. Wade if five current justices believed that it was wrongly decided". Despite Kavanaugh's statement, there is concern that with the Supreme Court having a strong conservative majority, that "Roe v. Wade" will be overturned given an appropriate case to challenge it. Pro-abortion organizations like Planned Parenthood are planning on how they will operate should "Roe v. Wade" be overturned. Several states have enacted so-called trigger laws which would take effect in the event that "Roe v. Wade" is overturned, with the effect of outlawing abortions on the state level. Those states include Arkansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Dakota and South Dakota.

neg: Planned Parenthood to Planned Parenthood for the provision of other medical services allows other funds to be reallocated for abortions. A coalition of national and local pro-life groups have lobbied federal and state governments to stop funding Planned Parenthood. As a result, federal and state legislators have proposed legislation to reduce funding levels. Eight statesAlabama, Arkansas, Indiana, Kansas, Louisiana, New Hampshire, Ohio, and Utahhave enacted such proposals. In some cases, the courts have overturned such actions, citing conflict with federal or state laws; in others the federal executive branch has provided funding in lieu of the states. In some states, Planned Parenthood

neg: Planned Parenthood 2015 undercover videos controversy to see whether the statements made in the videos are consistent with existing federal law. On July 30, 2015, former Indiana Governor Mike Pence announced that the state's investigation did not find any evidence of wrongdoing in Planned Parenthood's handling of fetal tissue. In Massachusetts, where there is no fetal tissue and organ donation program, Attorney General Maura Healey found that aborted fetuses are disposed of properly in a report that "voiced strong support for" Planned Parenthood. In Florida, investigators from the Agency for Health Care Administration found on July 31, 2015 that three Planned Parenthood clinics were performing second-trimester

neg: Planned Parenthood same mindset. In the 2012 election cycle, the committee gained prominence based on its effectiveness of spending on candidates. Although the Planned Parenthood Action Fund (PPAF) shares some leadership with the Planned Parenthood Federation of America, the president of PPAF, Cecile Richards, testified before Congress in September 2015 that she did not manage the organization. The Planned Parenthood Action Fund has 58 active, separately incorporated chapters in 41 states and maintains national headquarters in New York and Washington, D.C. Planned Parenthood has received grants from the Obama administration to help promote the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, or ObamaCare.

neg: Planned Parenthood Federation of America, Inc. v. Bucci Court decision on the issue of what exactly constitutes a "Use in Commerce" under the Lanham Act with regard to the incorporation of a trademark into a domain name, it is difficult to say whether the "Bucci" case is still good law. However, because there have been so many divergent opinions and fact specific determinations from subsequent cases, it is not likely that the case would be strictly followed by other courts. Planned Parenthood Federation of America, Inc. v. Bucci Planned Parenthood Federation of America, Inc. v. Bucci, 42 U.S.P.Q.2d 1430 (S.D.N.Y. 1997), an early Internet domain trademark infringement case

neg: Women's reproductive health in the United States Healthcare access and access to family planning clinics increases the probability that women will seek out and utilize STD screening. Screening is a form of testing healthy versus symptomatic people against traditional symptoms of STDs to determine STD prevalence. The Planned Parenthood Federation of America has available clinics across the United States for the purpose of screening for STDs as well as other family planning services. Planned Parenthood suggests that sexually active women screen for STDs at least annually. A study by the Journal for Women’s Health identified a need for a knowledge campaign on STD screening targeting sexually active

neg: Planned Parenthood 2015 undercover videos controversy doctors for yearsin their agenda to ban abortion completelyare not 'documenting' misdeeds; they are trying to create them, quite unsuccessfully." In response to Planned Parenthood, CMP stated that "we look forward to showing the public more clear evidence that Planned Parenthood routinely profits from the sale of baby parts and changes the abortion procedures it uses on pregnant women in order to do so". Responding to the videos and to CMP's claims, three different Congressional committees, and officials in a number of states, launched investigations into Planned Parenthood's tissue collection activities. One Congressional committee asked to interview the filmed representatives

neg: Interpersonal communication to maintain a positive and healthy parent-child relationship when the marriage between the parents is failing. "Spillover," emotional transmission from one family relationship to another, is a likely explanation as to why parents have trouble fostering a good relationship with their children when there are problems within their marriage (Bolger, DeLongis, Kessler, & Wethington, 1989; Repetti, 1987). New Parenthood and Marital Quality: New parenthood is a time where there are many adjustments within a family and these adjustments can put a lot of stress on marital dyads. How a couple deals with first-time parenthood directly correlates to their marital satisfaction,

neg: United States House Select Investigative Panel on Planned Parenthood edited to be purposefully misleading, considered boycotting the committee, citing the politicized nature of the United States House Select Committee on Benghazi. Instead, they chose to participate, naming Jan Schakowsky of Illinois as the Ranking Member, and also naming Jackie Speier of California, Jerrold Nadler of New York, Diana DeGette of Colorado, Suzan DelBene of Washington, and Bonnie Watson Coleman of New Jersey. The Select Investigative Panel released its final report on December 30, 2016. It recommended that "the National Institutes of Health be required to stop funding fetal tissue research, and that the huge health provider Planned Parenthood be

neg: Leana Wen legislation to change how the United States fights it. In 2018, the National Association of County and City Health Officials awarded the Baltimore City Health Department the Local Health Department of the Year. Leana Wen Leana Sheryle Wen (; born January 27, 1983), is an American physician, public health advocate, and author. She is the president of the Planned Parenthood Federation of America and author of the book "When Doctors Don't Listen: How to Avoid Misdiagnoses and Unnecessary Tests. Wen previously practiced as an emergency physician at the George Washington University, where she served as a professor in the School

neg: Planned Parenthood 2015 undercover videos controversy top doctor describing how she performs late-term abortions to sell body parts for profit", vowed to campaign to defund Planned Parenthood, and called for Hillary Clinton to return Planned Parenthood's donations to her campaign. Carly Fiorina said "This latest news is tragic and outrageous. This isn't about 'choice'. It's about profiting on the death of the unborn while telling women it's about empowerment". During the September 16, 2015, GOP presidential candidates' debate on "CNN", she harshly criticized Planned Parenthood and their involvement in fetal tissue donation, stating "I dare Hillary Clinton, Barack Obama to watch these tapes. Watch a fully

neg: Center for Medical Progress failed to pass in the Senate on August 3, 2015. Several states cut contracts and funding for Planned Parenthood following the videos, regardless of whether Planned Parenthood provided abortion services in those states. An editorial in "The New England Journal of Medicine" was highly critical of the Center for Medical Progress, describing the videos as part of a "campaign of misinformation" by an organization that "twist(s) the facts." TeleSUR television network listed The Center for Medical Progress as one of "The 7 Biggest Bigots of 2015" for "attacking women's rights in the United States." Media Matters for America named The

neg: 112th United States Congress agreement was reached between the two parties for a one-week budget to allow for more time to negotiate after Republicans dropped their stance on the Planned Parenthood issue. The two parties ultimately agreed on a 2011 federal budget the following week. There were many reactions to the possible shutdown with some saying the economy could be hurt during a fragile recovery and others saying the lack of an unnecessary bureaucracy would not be noticed. There was also criticism that while senators and representatives would continue to get paid others such as the police and military personnel would either not be

neg: Community gardening in the United States currently consists of 1900 plots in 68 locations with a total of of land, with additions planned each year, and the tradition of growing for local food banks resulted in 12.3 tons of food donated in 2008. In 2010 the city of Olympia adopted a plan to create up to six community gardens. Currently the city has two gardens: one at Sunrise park and the Yauger Community Garden Project. There are also many private community gardens such Wendell Berry in the Bigelow neighborhood. Community gardening in the United States Community gardening in the United States encompasses a wide variety of

neg: Abortion in Oklahoma Abortion in Oklahoma Abortion in Oklahoma is legal under United States law, subject to the US Supreme Court decisions of "Roe v. Wade" (1973), and "Planned Parenthood v. Casey" (1992). In accordance with "Planned Parenthood v. Casey", states cannot place legal restrictions posing an undue burden for "the purpose or effect of placing a substantial obstacle in the path of a woman seeking an abortion of a nonviable fetus." Abortion is a major political issue in Oklahoma. 2016 was the first legislative session in over a decade that did not see an abortion restriction pass. In 2016, Oklahoma legislators approved

neg: Derek Schmidt February 2018, in the case of "Planned Parenthood of Kansas and Mid-Missouri v. Andersen," the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit found that "States may not terminate providers from their Medicaid program for any reason they see fit, especially when that reason is unrelated to the provider's competence and the quality of the health care it provides." Schmidt claimed that the decision, as well as a similar one made by the Fifth Circuit in the Louisiana case of "Gee v. Planned Parenthood Of Gulf Coast", allowed "millions of Medicaid beneficiaries the ability to go directly to federal

neg: 2017 Women's March about more than that: It's about basic equality for all people." Planned Parenthood partnered with the march by providing staff and offering knowledge related to planning a large-scale event. Planned Parenthood president Cecile Richards said that the march would "send a strong message to the incoming administration that millions of people across this country are prepared to fight attacks on reproductive healthcare, abortion services and access to Planned Parenthood, [which] hopes that [in the future] many of the protesters will mobilize in its defense when Trump and congressional Republicans make their attempt to strip the organization of millions in federal

neg: 2012 United States Senate elections mid-term elections. Governor Joe Manchin made a temporary appointment of Carte Goodwin to the vacant seat. Goodwin was later replaced by Manchin who won the 2010 special election. Raese filed a rematch against Manchin, arguing that he now had more material to criticize Manchin for. One example is how Manchin lost his long-time endorsement from "West Virginians for Life" because of his vote against defunding Planned Parenthood, the nation's largest abortion provider. Another example is how he is undecided about whether or not to support Obama's re-election campaign. Senior Obama campaign advisor David Axelrod commented in response, "His concern is

neg: Bob Casey Sr. and a ban on partial-birth procedures except in cases of risk to the life of the mother. Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania sued, with Casey as the named defendant, asserting that the law violated "Roe v. Wade". The case went to the United States Supreme Court in April, 1992. On June 29, 1992, in the case of "Planned Parenthood v. Casey", the Supreme Court upheld all of Pennsylvania's restrictions except one (the requirement for spousal notification) allowing states to impose certain restrictions, but still affirming the right to an abortion found in "Roe". Considering abortion a key social issue for

neg: Faye Wattleton Dayton, she "began her career as an effective coalition builder for reproductive rights." The same year, she also joined the board of the local Planned Parenthood and shortly after in 1970, Wattleton became the president of the Planned Parenthood of Dayton. Her success in uniting white, middle and upper-class and women in poverty was proof that Wattleton had a skill for united individuals. During the late 1960s and early 1970s the United States was experiencing a heightened political climate resulting in racial and anti-war protests. The killing of Malcolm X, MLK and RFK added fuel to the fire. Also on

neg: Planned Parenthood 2015 undercover videos controversy not expected to pass in the Senate and President Obama has stated he would veto legislation to defund Planned Parenthood. Some have raised the issue that this kind of congressional vote could violate the United States Constitution, which prohibits bills of attainder, which refers to lawmakers punishing an individual or organization based on alleged infractions without a finding of guilt by a court. On October 7, 2015, The U.S. House of Representatives created the House Select Investigative Panel on Infant Lives led by Marsha Blackburn. The Panel states that its mission "is to gather information and get the facts about

neg: John Faso "a gigantic political trap," "a political minefield," and a "grave mistake." In a later interview, Faso clarified that he "does not favor defunding Planned Parenthood" and that "if a separate up-or-down vote on Planned Parenthood funding came up in the House, he would vote for the status quo, effectively keeping the organization funded." In February 2017, Faso voted against a resolution that "reverse[d] an Obama Administration rule barring states from defunding Planned Parenthood." In March 2017, Faso voted to amend an Obamacare repeal bill to remove language that would have defunded Planned Parenthood for one year. On May 4, 2017,

neg: Round One Entertainment two entertainment centers in the United States that have e-AMUSEMENT, an online service integrated into some Konami arcade games. Round One Entertainment In the U.S., there are currently stores open in California, Colorado, Georgia, Illinois, Maine, Massachusetts, New Mexico, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Texas, Washington, New York, Maine, Michigan, North Carolina, Utah, New Mexico with more planned to open in Arizona, Kentucky, Nebraska, and Wisconsin . Currently, Round 1 plans to expand at a rate of 10 stores per year. Round One locations in the United States offer many exclusive Japanese arcade games. These include "beatmania IIDX 24: Sinobuz", "Sound Voltex IV:

neg: Planned Parenthood 2015 undercover videos controversy of aborted fetal tissue. The White House said it would oppose any congressional attempts to defund Planned Parenthood. Louisiana Governor Bobby Jindal announced, on August 3, 2015, that the Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals was terminating its contract with Planned Parenthood, which provides the organization with state Medicaid funds. In court filings, the Justice Department argued that Louisiana's action violates federal law by denying Medicaid patients the choice of their healthcare providers. Also noted, neither of the two Louisiana clinics provide abortion services. The states of Alabama, New Hampshire, and Utah also cut their respective funding to Planned Parenthood

neg: Types of abortion restrictions in the United States Types of abortion restrictions in the United States Abortion restrictions in the United States are laws intended or resulting in restricting the availability or practice of abortions in the United States. Though the Supreme Court in "Roe v. Wade" recognized a legal right for a woman in the United States to get an abortion, and "Planned Parenthood v. Casey" invalidated certain restrictions that create an undue burden on women seeking abortions, these cases permit states to make certain restrictions in the guise of regulation of the practice, but which they argue do not create an “undue burden”. Some state laws

neg: Guttmacher Institute 1968, the Guttmacher Institute was originally called the Center for Family Planning Program Development and was a branch of Planned Parenthood.After Alan Guttmacher’s death, the Center for Family Planning Program Development was renamed and became an independent non-profit organization.In 2007, the organization officially split from Planned Parenthood. The Guttmacher Institute continually updates its analysis of state and national laws and policies about contraception and abortion. The Institute keeps a record the restrictions that different states have put in place for reproductive health. The organization also keeps data about how teens are affected by pregnancy and the number of teens who

neg: Anna Eskamani organizational leader with the College Democrats at UCF. Eskamani would serve as the organization's Vice President and as the Women's Caucus Chair for Florida College Democrats. These experiences also resulted in Eskamani's focus on women's issues and volunteerism with community groups like Planned Parenthood. Eskamani first became involved with Planned Parenthood as a patient in 2008. With abstinence-only education at her public school, she turned to Planned Parenthood for information about family planning and reproductive health. From there, Eskamani began volunteering at her local Planned Parenthood affiliate, and in 2012 was hired to serve as a Development Coordinator. She worked

neg: Planned Parenthood target" than Planned Parenthood. Planned Parenthood has occupied a central position in the abortion debate in the U.S., and has been among the most prominent targets of the U.S. pro-life movement for decades. Some members of Congress, overwhelmingly Republican, have attempted since the 1980s to end federal funding of the organization, nearly leading to a government shutdown over the issue in 2011. Planned Parenthood has consistently maintained that federal money received by Planned Parenthood is not used to fund abortion services, but pro-life activists have argued that the federal funding frees up other resources that are, in turn, used to

neg: Medical abortion underwent medical abortion at Planned Parenthood affiliate centers from January 2005 through June 2008, found that the rate of serious infection after medical abortion declined by 93% after a change from vaginal to buccal administration of misoprostol combined with the routine prophylactic administration of doxycycline antibiotics. There are three methods for medical abortion: Medical abortion regimens using mifepristone in combination with a prostaglandin analog are the most common methods used to induce second-trimester abortions in Canada, most of Europe, China and India; in contrast to the United States where 96% of second-trimester abortions are performed surgically by dilation and evacuation.

neg: Planned Parenthood 2015 undercover videos controversy level, the Harris County district attorney launched a criminal investigation in conjunction with the Texas Rangers and the Houston Police Department after the fifth video was released showing a Planned Parenthood executive in that city. Altogether, the videos prompted investigations in fifteen states, including Texas where the sting operation took place; eight other states refused to investigate their Planned Parenthood clinics, including California and Colorado where CMP sting operations also occurred. California Attorney General Kamala D. Harris announced an investigation into the CMP's practice of undercover recording. Officials in Georgia, Indiana, Massachusetts, South Dakota, and Kansas investigated and failed to

neg: Eagle Forum of many young women." The organization believes only in a family consisting of a father, mother and children. They are supportive of women's role as "fulltime homemakers", and opposed to same-sex marriage. Eagle Forum opposes abortion and has defended the push for government defunding of Planned Parenthood. After gaining publicity for her book, "A Choice, Not an Echo", Phyllis Schlafly began her fight against the ratification of the proposed Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). The ERA had passed in the United States House of Representatives by a vote of 354 to 23. Five months later, the amendment passed in the Senate

neg: Guttmacher Institute Guttmacher Institute The Guttmacher Institute is a research organization started in 1968 that works to study, educate, and advance sexual and reproductive health and rights.The organization works mainly in the United States but also focuses on developing countries.The Guttmacher Institute uses studies to help support policy making and program reform. The Institute is named after obstetrician-gynocologist and the former president of Planned Parenthood, Alan F. Guttmacher. The Guttmacher Institute has many sources of funding nationally and internationally.One of the Institute's biggest projects is keeping a running list of the reproductive health laws and policies throughout the United States. Founded in

neg: Cliff Stearns stated that NECC’s illegal actions, which FDA was aware of, that "put the NECC firmly in violation of FDA rules-if the agency had chosen to enforce existing provisions." As Chairman of the Energy & Commerce Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, Stearns conducted the first-ever oversight on taxpayer funding of Planned Parenthood, the largest abortion provider in the United States. National Public Radio reported, "Planned Parenthood is the nation's largest single provider of abortions, yet it gets millions of dollars in federal funding with which to provide other services.". The investigation was started in response to an investigative report released in

neg: WESA (FM) In exchange for a gift in excess of $5,000, WDUQ began airing a series of ads for Planned Parenthood on October 8, 2007 that focused on breast and cervical cancer screening, STD treatment, and abstinence education, and which did not mention abortion-related services; Planned Parenthood, however, is the largest provider of abortions in the United States. On October 10, Duquesne University President Dr. Charles J. Dougherty ordered the station to return the money and cease airing the ads, citing conflict with the university's Catholic identity. Duquesne University announced in January 2010 that it would be searching for options to sell

neg: Eugene Gu Trump's personal @realDonaldTrump account; the case is "Knight First Amendment Institute v. Trump". On May 23, 2018, federal judge Naomi Buchwald ruled that President Trump cannot block his critics on Twitter in violation of the First Amendment. In March 2016, Gu, in his role as CEO of Ganogen, was subpoenaed by the United States House Select Investigative Panel on Planned Parenthood that was created in response to the Planned Parenthood 2015 undercover videos controversy, to testify about his research involving human fetal tissue. Gu has since spoken out about what he perceives to be the unfair treatment and intimidation of

neg: Eugene Gu Eugene Gu Eugene Gu (born March 5, 1986) is a former resident physician who is politically active on social media, and has been the subject of public attention due to his research on fetal tissue transplants. While Gu was in medical school, he founded a company called Ganogen to develop methods to use fetal tissue implants in organ transplantation. Work at Ganogen had ceased when he started his residency in 2015, but in 2016 he was subpoenaed as CEO of the company by the United States House Select Investigative Panel on Planned Parenthood following the Planned Parenthood 2015 undercover videos

neg: Ronda Storms outreach program funded by Planned Parenthood, which teaches adolescents about safe sex, drugs, gangs, and family violence. The refusal for funding was passed by the board by a vote of 5-2. By doing so, the Commission cut off any aid to Planned Parenthood, as the county does not fund any other Planned Parenthood initiatives. After Barbara Zdravecky, who oversees Planned Parenthood for 15 counties throughout central Florida, asked Storms to reconsider her proposal on July 21, 2005, Storms said she told Zdravecky, "I am pro-life and you're not...There is nothing you can say or do for me to support you.

neg: Hilary Rosen with Debbie Wasserman Schultz during her time as chair of the Democratic National Committee. SKDKnickerbocker was selected by Edie Windsor's legal team to lead the public relations efforts behind the challenge to the Defense of Marriage Act ("United States v. Windsor", 2013). In 2014, Rosen and Dunn served as senior advisors to the LGBT rights group Americans for Marriage Equality. Planned Parenthood hired Rosen to help manage the 2015 undercover videos controversy. Rosen and SKDKnickerbocker were assisting Susan G. Komen for the Cure with a public relations campaign for an environmental research initiative when the Planned Parenthood controversy arose. During

neg: Mary Calderone at Planned Parenthood daily asking questions about not just sex, but sexuality at large. Calderone came to the realization that sexuality did not just equate genitality, and that sex education was sorely lacking from American society. With the conviction that "handing out contraceptives was not enough," Calderone quit her position at Planned Parenthood in 1964 and established the Sex Information and Education Council of the United States, Inc. (SIECUS). Driven by Calderone's dynamic talks across the nation and its mission statement, "to establish man's sexuality as a health entity," the organization became an essential umbrella group for school administrators, sex

neg: Karen Handel to Planned Parenthood. She refers to Planned Parenthood as "a blatantly partisan" group of "bullies" that began a war with Komen over $700,000, an amount of money "inconsequential" to its $1 billion budget. On May 17, 2013, Handel announced that she would be a candidate for the United States Senate. Incumbent Senator Saxby Chambliss did not seek reelection. Handel was endorsed by former Governor of Alaska Sarah Palin in March 2014. One of her 2014 opponents, David Perdue, criticized her for never having attended college. Julianne Thompson, co-chair of the Atlanta Tea Party, replied to the charge by saying, “One

neg: Planned Parenthood 2015 undercover videos controversy as a "witch hunt" and criticized both its findings and tactics in editorials. On July 31, 2015, the National Abortion Federation sued CMP and Daleiden. A Los Angeles judge placed a temporary restraining order on the release of further videos of employees of StemExpress, one company which Planned Parenthood does business with, based on California's anti-wiretapping law. The order also prohibited the group from disclosing names or addresses of National Abortion Federation members, or dates and locations of future meetings. The restraining order was later lifted, allowing release of more videos. A hearing was held on August 27, 2015. CMP

neg: Planned Parenthood Federation of America, Inc. v. Bucci the trial court's reasoning and upheld the injunction. Bucci then appealed to the Supreme Court of the United States, but certiorari was denied. Following the denial of certiorari, the domain was transferred to Planned Parenthood in early 1999. In "Ford Motor Co. v. 2600 Enterprises", 177 F. Supp. 2d 661 (E. D. Mich. 2001), the court narrowed the "Bucci" holding by stating that the mere usage of a mark in a domain name in itself is not commercial, emphasizing Bucci's plugging of the book. In "Taubman Co. v. Webfeats", 319 F. 3d 770 (6th Cir. 2003), the Sixth Circuit declined

neg: Margaret Sanger avoid them. In 1921, Sanger founded the American Birth Control League, which later became the Planned Parenthood Federation of America. In New York City, she organized the first birth control clinic staffed by all-female doctors, as well as a clinic in Harlem with an all African-American advisory council, where African-American staff were later added. In 1929, she formed the National Committee on Federal Legislation for Birth Control, which served as the focal point of her lobbying efforts to legalize contraception in the United States. From 1952 to 1959, Sanger served as president of the International Planned Parenthood Federation. She died

neg: Political positions of Rudy Giuliani Planned Parenthood in the 1990s. The payments, totaling $900, were made in 1993, 1994, 1998 and 1999. Planned Parenthood is one of the top abortion advocates and abortion providers in the United States. Giuliani said in May 2007 that he would not make abortion a "litmus test" for Supreme Court judges as president. In June 2007, he declined to say whether "Roe v. Wade" should be overturned: Should it be overturned? I don't answer that because I wouldn't want a judge to have to answer that. I don't consider it a litmus test. I think a conservative strict constructionist judge

neg: Birth control in the United States focus on abortion, public funding, and insurance coverage. Birth control advocacy organizations around the world also began to collaborate. In 1946, Sanger helped found the International Committee on Planned Parenthood, which evolved into the International Planned Parenthood Federation and soon became the world's largest non-governmental international family planning organization. In 1952, John D. Rockefeller III founded the influential Population Council. Fear of global overpopulation became a major issue in the 1960s, generating concerns about pollution, food shortages, and quality of life, leading to well-funded birth control campaigns around the world. The 1994 International Conference on Population and Development and the

neg: City of Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health "Planned Parenthood v. Casey" (1992), which replaced the earlier "strict scrutiny" standard of review of abortion regulations with the lesser "undue burden" standard, a standard which remains in effect. The case was overruled by the plurality in "Planned Parenthood v. Casey" (1992). City of Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health City of Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health, 462 U.S. 416 (1983), was a case in which the United States Supreme Court affirmed its abortion rights jurisprudence. The case struck down several provisions of an Ohio abortion law. In an opinion by Justice Powell, the Court struck down

neg: Lila Rose groups. While at UCLA, she partnered with conservative activist James O’Keefe III. According to Religion Dispatches, Rose and O'Keefe were inspired by American pro-life activist Mark Crutcher. Rose has concentrated her activism on Planned Parenthood and National Abortion Federation affiliates in the United States, focusing on the moral and ethical aspects of abortion and financial issues in the abortion industry. She has also highlighted the high abortion rate in the African-American community. In 2007, Rose visited two Planned Parenthood facilities and recorded undercover videos while purporting to be an 15-year-old girl who had been impregnated by a 23-year-old male who

neg: Alexi Giannoulias his candidacy for the United States Senate at the Hilton Chicago, the same place then-Senator Barack Obama endorsed Giannoulias for State Treasurer in 2006. He was introduced to the crowd by Congressman Bill Foster. Giannoulias was elected the Democratic nominee for US Senate in Illinois in the February 2, 2010, primary, with 39.0% of the vote. David H. Hoffman received 33.8% and Cheryle Jackson received 19.7%. Giannoulias was endorsed by Planned Parenthood, the Service Employees International Union (SEIU), AFSCME, the AFL-CIO, the League of Conservation Voters, the Human Rights Campaign, the Chicago Sun-Times, and the Sierra Club (Planned Parenthood, the

neg: Planned Parenthood v. Casey ACLU attorney Kathryn Kolbert for Planned Parenthood, with Linda J. Wharton serving as Co-Lead Counsel. Pennsylvania attorney general Ernie Preate argued the case for the State. Upon reaching the Supreme Court, the United States joined the case as "amicus curiae" and Solicitor General Ken Starr of the Bush Administration defended the Act in part by urging the Court to overturn "Roe" as having been wrongly decided. The plaintiffs were five abortion clinics, a class of physicians who provided abortion services, and one physician representing himself independently. They filed suit in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania

neg: Frederick S. Jaffe the policies of Planned Parenthood. The original memo is available online. Frederick S. Jaffe Frederick S. Jaffe (1925–1978) was a vice president of Planned Parenthood Federation of America, and founder of what is now the Guttmacher Institute. He was an advocate for increasing the availability of family planning services in the United States. Through his publications and consultations Jaffe argued for birth control as a matter of health and human rights. He was instrumental in developing public support for federal financing of family planning programs, among them the landmark Title X of the Public Health Service Act, passed by Congress

neg: Planned Parenthood that do not provide access to emergency contraception for rape victims. Citing the need for medically accurate information in sex education, Planned Parenthood opposes abstinence-only education in public schools. Instead, Planned Parenthood is a provider of, and endorses, comprehensive sex education, which includes discussion of both abstinence and birth control. Planned Parenthood's advocacy activities are executed by the "Planned Parenthood Action Fund", which is registered as a 501(c)(4) charity, and files financial information jointly with PPFA. The committee was founded in 1996, by then-president Gloria Feldt, for the purpose of maintaining reproductive health rights and supporting political candidates of the

neg: Planned Parenthood Planned Parenthood spends money on politics and elections through the Planned Parenthood Action Fund (its federal political action committee), through its Super PAC, and through a variety of related 501(c)(4) entities. Planned Parenthood endorsed Obama in the 2008 and 2012 presidential elections. In the 2014 election cycle, Planned Parenthood spent on contributions to candidates and political parties (overwhelmingly to Democrats) and on independent expenditures. Planned Parenthood regional chapters have been active in the American courts. A number of cases in which Planned Parenthood has been a party have reached the U.S. Supreme Court. Notable among these cases is the 1992

neg: Willy Mutunga accused the Ford Foundation of funding, while Mutunga worked for the foundation, abortion rights advocacy organisations and liberal sex education groups worldwide, including among others the International Planned Parenthood Federation, the Planned Parenthood Federation of America, and the Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United States. Mutunga was among twelve applicants, and one of the ten shortlisted, for the position of chief justice. On 13 May 2011 after a televised interview, the Judicial Service Commission (JSC) recommended to President Mwai Kibaki that he appoint Mutunga. This recommendation was pursuant to the JSC's obligation under Article 172(1)(a) of the Constitution

neg: Planned Parenthood space. The largest facility, a , structure, was completed in Houston, Texas, in May 2010. PPFA's international outreach and other activities are performed by Planned Parenthood Global, a division of PPFA, and by the International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) which now consists of more than 149 Member Associations working in more than 189 countries. The IPPF is further associated with International Planned Parenthood Federation affiliates in the Caribbean and the Americas, and IPPF European Network, as well as other organizations like Family Planning Queensland, Pro Familia (Germany) and "mouvement français pour le planning familial" (French Movement for Family Planning) .

neg: Planned Parenthood abortion can be performed on a minor are unconstitutional on privacy grounds. The organization opposes laws requiring ultrasounds before abortions, stating that their only purpose is to make abortions more difficult to obtain. Planned Parenthood has also opposed initiatives that require waiting periods before abortions, and bans on late-term abortions including intact dilation and extraction, which has been illegal in the U.S. since 2003. Planned Parenthood supports the wide availability of emergency contraception such as the PlanB pill. It opposes conscience clauses, which allow pharmacists to refuse to dispense drugs against their beliefs. Planned Parenthood has been critical of hospitals

neg: Freedom of Choice Act were reintroduced in the 110th Congress, but, like their predecessors, were referred to committee without further action. As of June 2009, the bills have not been introduced in the 111th Congress. During his tenure in the United States Senate, Barack Obama co-sponsored the 2007 Senate version of the Freedom of Choice Act (). Responding to a question regarding how he would preserve reproductive rights in a speech given to the Planned Parenthood Action Fund on July 17, 2007, Obama declared, "The first thing I'd do, as president, is sign the Freedom of Choice Act. That's the first thing that I'd

neg: Howard Phillips (politician) Day O'Connor to the United States Supreme Court. According to Phillips, "People say you can't tell how a Supreme Court nominee will turn out once on the bench. I respectfully disagree. In most cases, it's very clear. I opposed the nomination of Sandra Day O'Connor because it was very clear that she had a pro-abortion record in the Arizona State Senate and as a judge in Arizona. She was also allied with Planned Parenthood." In 1990, Phillips opposed the first President Bush's nomination of David Souter of New Hampshire to the high court. Phillips said that he opposed Souter because

neg: Family planning in the United States goal. Teenage pregnancies are very involved in today's society and because of this the resources that are around for family planning is vital to the survival of these infants. Federally funded programs such as Planned Parenthood are very important in the family planning process of adolescents because of the involvement of doctors, gynecologists, or medicine. These family planning practices also help impact the teenager and the infant because of the availability of healthcare and other resources that may otherwise not be offered. In the United States, contraceptive use saves about $19 billion in direct medical costs each year. Title X

neg: Feminist Abortion Network clinics may also face competition from larger abortion care providers, such as Planned Parenthood. When the Yakima branch of the Cedar River Clinics closed its doors in 2010 after thirty years of operation, it cited the expansion of the Yakima Planned Parenthood's services to include first- and second-trimester abortions as playing a critical role in their inability to remain open. In addition to the ongoing struggles that the FAN clinics have faced since the 1970s, many states and state legislatures are currently hostile to abortion rights. In recent years, legislators across the fifty states have been introducing legislation that would

neg: Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012 offered by the International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) which supports the Family Planning Organizations of the Philippines and the 97 organizations of the Philippine NGO Council. The UP School of Economics argues, in contrast, that there is lack of access especially for poor people, because contraceptive use is extremely low among them and "among the poorest families, 22% of married women of reproductive age express a desire to avoid pregnancies but are still not using any family planning method". They say that lack of access leads to a number of serious problems which demand attention: (1) "too many and too

neg: Planned Parenthood whose activities were spread across 50 states. From 1996 to 2006, Planned Parenthood was led by Gloria Feldt. Feldt activated the Planned Parenthood Action Fund (PPAF), the organization's political action committee, launching what was the most far reaching electoral advocacy effort in its history. The PPAF serves as the nonpartisan political advocacy arm of PPFA. It engages in educational and electoral activity, including legislative advocacy, voter education, and grassroots organizing to promote the PPFA mission. Feldt also launched the Responsible Choices Action Agenda, a nationwide campaign to increase services to prevent unwanted pregnancies, improve quality of reproductive care, and ensure

neg: James O'Keefe clinics in six other states agreed to accept his donation under similar terms. Planned Parenthood of California filed a "cease and desist" order against Lila Rose, charging that she was violating state laws against secret recordings. The order required her to remove the videos from YouTube and give all the recordings to the organization. She complied through her attorney. After O'Keefe's four audio recordings were publicized in 2008, Planned Parenthood of Ohio issued a public response, saying the worker's words were "a violation of any policy, and it's very upsetting." The CEO said, "Planned Parenthood has a long history of