query: what is the top folder of the file tree called

pos: Directory (computing) subdirectory and the directory in which it is cataloged, the latter being the parent. The top-most directory in such a filesystem, which does not have a parent of its own, is called the root directory. Historically, and even on some modern embedded systems, the file systems either had no support for directories at all, or only had a "flat" directory structure, meaning subdirectories were not supported; there were only a group of top-level directories, each containing files. In modern systems, a directory can contain a mix of files and subdirectories. A reference to a location in a directory system is

neg: Computer file called Managers in a folder called Salaries, which in turn is contained in a folder called Payroll. The folder and file names are separated by slashes in this example; the topmost or root folder has no name, and so the path begins with a slash (if the root folder had a name, it would precede this first slash). Many (but not all) computer systems use extensions in file names to help identify what they contain, also known as the file type. On Windows computers, extensions consist of a dot (period) at the end of a file name, followed by a

neg: Virtual folder of iTunes which includes "Smart Playlists" which can be considered a variant of a virtual folder. The only difference is that the search executed on accessing them is not on the file system's folder hierarchy, but on their internal data-store. Microsoft also added a similar feature to version 9 of Windows Media Player in Windows XP called "Auto Playlists" in 2003. Virtual folder In computing, a virtual folder generally denotes an organizing principle for files that is not dependent on location in a hierarchical directory tree. Instead, it consists of software that coalesces results from a data store, which may

neg: Features new to Windows XP types that have identified themselves as being printable also have an option listed to print the file. Underneath “File and Folder Tasks” is “Other Places”, which always lists the parent folder of the folder being viewed and includes additional links to other common locations such as “My Computer”, “Control Panel”, and “My Documents” or previously navigated locations. These change depending on what folder the user was in. Underneath “Other Places” is a “Details” area which gives additional information when a file or folder is selected – typically the file type, file size and date modified, but depending on the file

neg: Windows Shell namespace Windows Shell namespace In Windows Shell programming, the Windows Shell namespace is an organized tree-structured hierarchical representation that Windows Explorer facilitates to graphically present file system contents and other objects to the end user. Conceptually, the Shell namespace may be regarded as a larger and more inclusive version of the file system. The Shell namespace is a hierarchical tree that consists of the wide variety of objects that make up the system. Specifically, the Shell namespace consists of two basic types of objects, namely files and folders. Folder objects, which are containers for file objects and other folders called subdirectories,

neg: Interface metaphor in the terms so the user may better understand. An example of an interface metaphor is the file and folder analogy for the file system of an operating system. Another example is the tree view representation of a file system, as in a file manager. In the mid-twentieth century, computers were extremely rare and used only by specialists. They were equipped with complicated interfaces comprehensible only to these select few. In 1968, Douglas Engelbart gave a demonstration which astonished executives at Xerox. They began work on what would eventually become the Xerox Alto. In 1973, Xerox completed work on the

neg: File folder distorted in their digital counterparts. In computing, the word "folder" (or, in some cases, "file folder") is often used as a synonym for "directory", while the word "file" is universally used for actual data items on a disk (sometimes called "documents," especially on the Apple Macintosh). In Unix-like systems, this is resolved to some degree by the creed "everything is a file"; folders are themselves just a special type of file, and many commands (to copy, delete, move, or rename) can be executed without knowing whether the file identifies an entire folder or not. File folders can have tabs in

neg: Windows Shell namespace launches the "Folder Options" applet in the Control Panel. The user's Desktop is a special folder that resides at the root of the Shell namespace. Although this folder maps by default to a physical folder stored in the user's profile folder, the special desktop folder is represented as a distinct object from the physical desktop folder. The same holds true with the "My Documents" (Windows 95 through XP) or user "Documents" (Windows Vista+) folder. Windows Shell namespace In Windows Shell programming, the Windows Shell namespace is an organized tree-structured hierarchical representation that Windows Explorer facilitates to graphically present file system

neg: File Explorer "Managing pairs of Web pages and folders" is also removed, and the user has no way of telling Vista that a .html file and the folder with the same name that was created when saving a complete web page from IE should be treated separately, that is, they cannot delete the folder without deleting the html file as well. The ability to right-click a folder and hit "Search" was removed in Windows Vista Service Pack 1. Users must open the folder they wish to search in and enter their keywords in the search field located on the top right corner

neg: BuildAMation build root. This out-of-place build ensures that source trees are not modified by a build, and performing a clean build is as simple as deleting one directory. BuildAMation is extensible by means of defining packages. Packages are any directory containing a special bam folder, which contains files that BuildAMation uses. The files required are an XML file, called the package definition file, which resides directly in the bam folder, which describes the package dependencies. Also, in a Scripts subdirectory of bam, there are C# files that exposes what the current package does. Packages can be logically grouped into repositories. Example

neg: WinFS its description, rather than location, can be used to provide end-user organizational capabilities without limiting to the hierarchical organization as used in file-systems. In a file system, each file or folder is contained in only one folder. But WinFS Items can participate in any number of holding relationships, that too with any other items. As such, end users are not limited to only file/folder organization. Rather, a contact can become a container for documents; a picture a container for contacts and so on. For legacy compatibility, WinFS includes a pseudo-type called "Folder" which is present only to participate in holding

neg: Filesystem-level encryption file system permissions and different views of the directory structure depending on the key or user ... One use for a cryptographic file system is when part of an existing file system is synchronized with 'cloud storage'. In such cases the cryptographic file system could be 'stacked' on top, to help protect data confidentiality. Filesystem-level encryption Filesystem-level encryption, often called file-based encryption, FBE, or file/folder encryption, is a form of disk encryption where individual files or directories are encrypted by the file system itself. This is in contrast to full disk encryption where the entire partition or disk, in which

neg: File Explorer common tasks like copying, renaming, moving, and deleting files or folders. File types that have identified themselves as being printable also have an option listed to print the file. Underneath "File and Folder Tasks" is "Other Places", with links to other common locations such as "My Computer", "Control Panel", and "My Documents". These also change depending on what folder the user was in, leading to some criticism of Microsoft for not being consistent in displaying navigation choices. Underneath "Other Places" is a "Details" pane which gives additional information – typically file size and date, but depending on the file type,

neg: File folder File folders can easily be purchased at office supply stores. Although the origin of the file folder is uncertain, many theories point to U.S. Civil War lieutenant Joseph P. Meisburger as the first to develop the concept. File folders are usually labeled based on what is inside them. Folders can be labeled directly on the tab with a pen or pencil. Others write on adhesive labels that are placed on the tabs. There are also electronic label makers that can be used to make the labels. File folders can be made from plastic or paper. When paper is used, it

neg: Pendaflex envelopes and introduced the convenience of file folder labels in rolls, as well as corrugated board transfer files in a drawer style. The company's most significant advance, however, was the Oxford Pendaflex hanging file folder. This was the now familiar filing pouch that hooked over the sides of a file drawer. Smaller files placed inside the hanging file allowed the drawer to be easily subdivided. The company called its Pendaflex hanging file the greatest development in filing since the evolution of the filing folder. Oxford Filing Supply gradually expanded its operations beyond the New York City area, establishing a Midwestern

neg: Dead File one card. One card = one name." From page 6: "However, if Ethics finds the person is not in its DEAD FILE and all it has received is a card, ETHICS makes a folder and puts the card in it. That way the DEAD FILE of an org tells one that there is other material in another org and knows what org." Ethics personnel are not to verify the accuracy of the Dead File label because the system of management is "fast flow". "Ethics does not even bother to read the letter or examine the folder on receiving a DEAD

neg: Briefcase (Microsoft Windows) The Desktop.ini for a Briefcase contains the following lines: A second file called "Briefcase Database", bearing "hidden" and "system" attributes, and no filename extension, serves as the Briefcase index. Its fourCC is "DDSH". The Briefcase folder itself must have "read-only" or "system" file attributes (default is read-only) in order to display as a Briefcase. The Desktop.ini and Briefcase Database files are not required to have the hidden or system attributes in order for the parent folder to display as a Briefcase. When a user wishes to sync a file with one in another folder, the filename must be exactly the

neg: Special folder session are defined by where the special folders are set to point to. Virtual folders do not actually exist on the file system; they are instead presented through Windows Explorer as a tree of folders that the user can navigate. This is known as the Shell namespace. On Windows XP systems, the root of this namespace is the "Desktop" virtual folder, which contains the "My Documents", "My Computer", "My Network Places" ("Network Neighborhood" in Windows 95 and 98) and "Recycle Bin" virtual folders. Some virtual folders (like Desktop) have an accompanying special folder that is a reference to a directory

neg: Debugmode Wax help in maintaining organization within projects, right click the folder icon under (media bin) and select add folder, name the folder, and video files can be dragged and dropped into the folder. this file hierarchy will be saved to the project file. When inserting videos into the track editing system there may be a black area either to the sides or the top and bottom of the viewport. To remove these, the project drop down menu must be opened, "Settings" selected, and the height and width of the project to be adjusted so as to either be the same height

neg: File folder language, but does not seem as common in other countries. As stated, some refer to file folders simply as folders, but in North America this is confusing because folder can refer to several different things. Others use the term manila folders, but this is confusing because not all file folders are made of Manila hemp. This type of folder is sometimes incorrectly referred to as a "vanilla folder." Another commonly used folder type is the hanging folder, which has hooks on all four corners that slide over a rail. Normally, hanging folders are used to file one or more manila

neg: NTFS control lists (ACLs). The first ACL, called discretionary access control list (DACL), defines exactly what type of interactions (e.g. reading, writing, executing or deleting) are allowed or forbidden by which user or groups of users. For example, files in the folder may be read and executed by all users but modified only by a user holding administrative privileges. Windows Vista adds mandatory access control info to DACLs. DACLs are the primary focus of User Account Control in Windows Vista and later. The second ACL, called system access control list (SACL), defines which interactions with the file or folder are to

neg: File system the disk. The early Apple Macintosh also featured a flat file system, the Macintosh File System. It was unusual in that the file management program (Macintosh Finder) created the illusion of a partially hierarchical filing system on top of EMFS. This structure required every file to have a unique name, even if it appeared to be in a separate folder. IBM DOS/360 and OS/360 store entries for all files on a disk pack ("volume") in a directory on the pack called a "Volume Table of Contents" (VTOC). While simple, flat file systems become awkward as the number of files grows

neg: Computer file but differing in case. Most computers organize files into hierarchies using folders, directories, or catalogs. The concept is the same irrespective of the terminology used. Each folder can contain an arbitrary number of files, and it can also contain other folders. These other folders are referred to as subfolders. Subfolders can contain still more files and folders and so on, thus building a tree-like structure in which one "master folder" (or "root folder" — the name varies from one operating system to another) can contain any number of levels of other folders and files. Folders can be named just as

neg: File folder the farthest right position are considered to have a tab in position number three. Some brands of file folders include: File folder A file folder (US usage) (or folder in British and Australian usage) is a kind of folder that holds loose papers and money together for organization and protection. File folders usually consist of a sheet of heavy paper stock or other thin, but stiff, material which is folded in half, and are used to keep paper documents. Files may also contain other things like magazines, cased in music cd's, etc. sometimes mostly not used for any official use,

neg: File folder File folder or just folder seems to be how many refer to the item when it is being purchased or not containing any paper yet. For instance, someone might say, "Would you give me an empty folder from the box? I need to make a file on the Thompson estate." Or someone might say, "When you run to the store would you get me some legal size file folders?" Then again, office furniture that holds paper documents is invariable referred to as a Filing cabinet or simply a file cabinet, and never a folder cabinet. The terms are even more

neg: File folder is preferable that it is made from paper pulp with long cellulose fibre, such as kraft paper or manila paper. File or folder are other terms used for file folders, but file folders is a common name for the item in the United States. Manila folders are likely the most common, but file folders come in many different forms. In the United States, letter and legal sizes are common. The exact way to refer to this kind of folder is somewhat unclear. There is no internationally standard term. The term file folder seems to be one that dominates North American

neg: Briefcase (Microsoft Windows) robustness as a folder and file backup mechanism. Briefcase (Microsoft Windows) In Microsoft Windows, the Briefcase is a special folder that supports a simple two-way file synchronization between itself and another folder. The Briefcase is designed for mobile PC users so that they may transfer it to a removable drive and have it synchronize with the computer to which the removable drive is attached. It follows the same metaphor as the "file" and "file folder" and then, while the file management tasks are performed by Windows Explorer, the briefcase behaves just like another folder, i.e. with support for copy-paste and

neg: Microsoft Private Folder the folder was opened, the user had to re-enter the same password to gain access. While the core implementation details of this service are not public, it is assumed that "Private Folder" used strong encryption with a key based solely on this password to secure the data contained in the folder. This is in contrast to Microsoft's Encrypting File System, where encryption is tied to a keypair which can be made accessible to IT staff. Private Folder used a system service called "prfldrsvc" (display name: Private Folder Service), the function of which is not yet publicly known. Microsoft Private Folder

neg: Shortcut (computing) folder": a folder with the system attribute set, containing a hidden "desktop.ini" (folder customization) file which tells Explorer to look in that same folder for a "target.lnk" shortcut file pointing to another folder. When viewed in Explorer, the shell link folder then appears to have the contents of the target folder in it—that is, the customized folder becomes the effective shortcut. This technique is used by Microsoft Windows for items like WebDAV folders. The advent of file system links in Windows Vista and up has made shell link folders less useful. Some desktop environments for Unix-like operating systems, such as

neg: Shared resource folder sharing), shared printer access, shared scanner access, etc. The shared resource is called a shared disk, shared folder or shared document The term "file sharing" traditionally means shared file access, especially in the context of operating systems and LAN and Intranet services, for example in Microsoft Windows documentation. Though, as BitTorrent and similar applications became available in the early 2000s, the term "file sharing" increasingly has become associated with peer-to-peer file sharing over the Internet. Shared file and printer access require an operating system on the client that supports access to resources on a server, an operating system on

neg: Special folder on the physical file system. Windows Explorer displays the combined contents of a virtual folder and its associated file system folder to the user. This can be seen in Figure 1, which shows the Folder view in Windows XP's Explorer; in the Desktop virtual folder, the four standard virtual folders can be seen, as well as an additional folder, "a folder on the desktop", which is a real folder located in the Desktop directory in the user's profile. Some third-party programs add their own virtual folders to Windows Explorer. The following tables list most of the file system and virtual

neg: Computer file files can (except for the root folder, which often does not have a name). The use of folders makes it easier to organize files in a logical way. When a computer allows the use of folders, each file and folder has not only a name of its own, but also a path, which identifies the folder or folders in which a file or folder resides. In the path, some sort of special character—such as a slash—is used to separate the file and folder names. For example, in the illustration shown in this article, the path /Payroll/Salaries/Managers uniquely identifies a file

neg: File folder File folder A file folder (US usage) (or folder in British and Australian usage) is a kind of folder that holds loose papers and money together for organization and protection. File folders usually consist of a sheet of heavy paper stock or other thin, but stiff, material which is folded in half, and are used to keep paper documents. Files may also contain other things like magazines, cased in music cd's, etc. sometimes mostly not used for any official use, rather used as normal storage in a home. They are often used in conjunction with a filing cabinet for storage.

neg: XYplorer XYplorer XYplorer (pronounced "X-Y-plorer" or "Zai-plorer", formerly known as TrackerV3) is a file manager for Windows XP, Vista, 7, 8, and 10. XYplorer is a hybrid file manager that combines features found in navigational and orthodox file managers. In addition to dual folder panes it features a file tree and a tabbed interface supporting drag-and-drop between tabs and panes. The program is available in a fully featured trialware version as well as a feature-limited freeware version. A central feature is the hideable information panel at the bottom that can be used to view file properties and contents, generate reports, preview

neg: CloudMe can be done by email, text messaging, Facebook and Google. Files can be stored in a blue folder, which is synchronized to all connected computers and devices. A web desktop and cloud OS service called CloudTop.com is available that uses CloudMe as its internet file system. CloudMe AB is located on Drottninggatan 23 in Linköping, Sweden. CloudMe CloudMe is a file storage service operated by "CloudMe AB" that offers cloud storage, file synchronization and client software. It features a blue folder that appears on all devices with the same content, all files are synchronized between devices. The CloudMe service is

neg: Windows Resource Protection Windows Vista, Sfc.exe can be used to check specific folder paths, including the Windows folder and the boot folder. Windows Resource Protection Windows Resource Protection is a feature in Windows Vista that replaces Windows File Protection. It protects registry keys and folders in addition to critical system files. The way it protects resources differs entirely from the method used by Windows File Protection. Windows Resource Protection works by registering for notification of file changes in Winlogon. If any changes are detected to a protected system file, the modified file is restored from a cached copy located in a compressed folder

neg: .ipa opened on the simulator by extracting and copying over the .app file found in the Payload folder. Some simple apps are able to run on the simulator through this method. An IPA has a built-in structure for iTunes and App Store to recognize. The example below shows the structure of an IPA: As shown above, the Payload folder is what contains all the app data. The iTunes Artwork file is a 512×512 pixel PNG image, containing the app's icon for showing in iTunes and the App Store app on the iPad. The iTunesMetadata.plist contains various bits of information, ranging from

neg: Serving channel server is set up like an FTP. Using CTCP commands and server triggers, a user can initiate a connection with the server. Once connected, the user will be given realtime access to a server's file archive. Once a leech has gained access to a server's Fserve, they can navigate through folders using commands similar to DOS. Once inside a folder, the user is able to retrieve a listing of what files are found there. To request a file, the user enters a filename from the folder display listing, along with the "codice_4" command. Using a serving script, servers have the

neg: Briefcase (Microsoft Windows) Briefcase (Microsoft Windows) In Microsoft Windows, the Briefcase is a special folder that supports a simple two-way file synchronization between itself and another folder. The Briefcase is designed for mobile PC users so that they may transfer it to a removable drive and have it synchronize with the computer to which the removable drive is attached. It follows the same metaphor as the "file" and "file folder" and then, while the file management tasks are performed by Windows Explorer, the briefcase behaves just like another folder, i.e. with support for copy-paste and drag-and-drop. It has additional functions and toolbar buttons

neg: Directory (computing) Unix systems treat directories as a type of file. The name "folder", presenting an analogy to the file folder used in offices, and used in a hierarchical file system design for the Electronic Recording Machine, Accounting (ERMA) Mark 1 published in 1958 as well as by Xerox Star, is used in almost all modern operating systems' desktop environments. Folders are often depicted with icons which visually resemble physical file folders. There is a difference between a "directory", which is a file system concept, and the graphical user interface metaphor that is used to represent it (a "folder"). For example, Microsoft

neg: Spatial file manager Spatial file manager In computing, a spatial file manager is a file manager that uses a spatial metaphor to represent files and folders as if they are real physical objects. The base requirements of a spatial file manager are: Given an arbitrary window in a spatial file manager, it must be possible to determine with complete certainty which folder that window represents. Furthermore, it must not be possible to change that association. Traditionally, when a folder is opened, the icon representing the folder changes—perhaps from an image showing a closed drawer to an opened one, perhaps the folder's icon turns

neg: System File Checker System File Checker System File Checker (SFC) is a utility in Microsoft Windows that allows users to scan for and restore corruptions in Windows system files. Microsoft ships this utility with Windows 98, Windows 2000 and all subsequent versions of the Windows NT family of operating systems. In Windows Vista, Windows 7 and Windows 10, System File Checker is integrated with Windows Resource Protection (WRP), which protects registry keys and folders as well as critical system files. Under Windows Vista, codice_1 can be used to check specific folder paths, including the Windows folder and the boot folder. Windows File Protection

neg: File folder folders, and it is not a common practice to put loose sheets directly into hanging folders. When some documents need to be retrieved, the corresponding manila folder(s) are removed from the hanging folder. The hanging folder itself is left in its place on the rails. Occasionally, the term for the item changes based on its context. Some may refer to file folders as files when they are being utilized for storage. For example, one might say, "Would you get me the file on the Patterson case?" Or someone might say, "That information is with the files on the insurance claims."

neg: DaisyDisk structure of that hard drive's file system that radiates from that center. This daisy is color-coded to differentiate between folders, while files themselves are always displayed as gray. In the right sidebar of the interface, DaisyDisk also provides a legend for these color codes. When hovering over a file or folder, the right sidebar of the interface updates with contextual information such as the file or folder name and their absolute path. When clicking on a folder on the daisy, a new daisy is displayed with the chosen folder as its root. The interface shows a "breadcrumb trail" of the

neg: Mno issue is to copy the missing MNO file to the "_notes" folder in the relevant directory in new machine. Mno mno is a file extension created by some web designing software like UltraDev or Dreamweaver. It often goes after the existing extension of the webpage (.html, .asp, .php), in effect creating a double extension, for instance, "filename.html.mno". When a page with a recordset is created by some web design software, an .mno file is created in the site's _notes folder. .mno file contains design notes. This folder is usually not visible in the site manager, but it can be viewed

neg: File Explorer displays thumbnail-sized images in the folder. A Folder containing images will also show thumbnails of four of the images from that folder overlaid on top of a large folder icon. Web sites that offer image hosting services can be plugged into Windows Explorer, which the user can use to select images on their computer, and have them uploaded correctly without dealing with comparatively complex solutions involving FTP or web interfaces. Windows Explorer includes significant changes from previous versions of Windows such as improved filtering, sorting, grouping and stacking. Combined with integrated desktop search, Windows Explorer allows users to find and

neg: Dead File Even if the sender of a past critical letter writes a friendly letter thereafter, that sender is still kept in the Dead File as Hubbard believed that these people were "mad dogs" who "don't change their froth" unless "released" or "cleared". "When a Letter Reg, in answering some letter, calls for the folder and finds it is a mustard-colored DEAD FILE DUMMY, the letter to be answered is simply stamped with the above entheta stamp no matter "what" it says, and is routed with the dummy on through as though it were an entheta letter regardless of what he new

neg: Shared resource shared printer and file access is normally prohibited in firewalls from computers outside the local area network or enterprise Intranet. However, by means of virtual private networks (VPN), shared resources can securely be made available for certified users outside the local network. A network share is typically made accessible to other users by marking any folder or file as shared, or by changing the file system permissions or access rights in the properties of the folder. For example, a file or folder may be accessible only to one user (the owner), to system administrators, to a certain group of users

neg: Classpath (Java) however, it is advised to include the current folder codice_7 into the classpath in the case when loading classes from current folder is desired. The same applies not only to java launcher but also to javac, the java compiler. If a program uses a supporting library enclosed in a Jar file called "supportLib.jar", physically in the directory "D:\myprogram\lib\" and the corresponding physical file structure is: the following command-line option is needed: or alternatively: In Java 6 and higher, one can add all jar-files in a specific directory to the classpath using wildcard notation. Windows example: Linux example: This works for

neg: File Explorer MS-WSP remote query protocol. Windows Explorer also supports federating search to external data sources, such as custom databases or web services, that are exposed over the web and described via an OpenSearch definition. The federated location description (called a Search Connector) is provided as a codice_2 file. Once installed, the data source becomes queryable directly from Windows Explorer. Windows Explorer features, such as previews and thumbnails, work with the results of a federated search as well. In Windows 7, several features have been removed from Windows Explorer, including the collapsible folder pane, overlay icon for shared items, remembering individual folder

neg: Manila folder name comes from manila hemp or abacá, from which manila folders were originally made. The history of the file folder also dates back to the U.S Civil War in which lieutenant Joseph P. Meisburger's right-hand man Jeremiah T. Hoehn invented it in a hurry as their squadron was being overrun and they were in dire need of something to carry the important files, so as not to be left behind. Manila folder The manila folder is a file folder designed to contain documents. It is generally formed by folding a large sheet of stiff card in half. Though traditionally buff,

neg: Personal information management people retrieve information from their collections for re-use. For example, the office worker might re-locate a physical document by remembering the name of the project and then finding the appropriate folder by an alphabetical search. On a computer system with a hierarchical file system, a person might need to remember the top-level folder in which a document is located, and then browse through the folder contents to navigate to the desired document. Email systems often support additional methods for re-finding such as fielded search (e.g., search by sender, subject, date). The characteristics of the document types, the data that can

neg: File dialog File dialog In computing, a file dialog (also called File Selector/Chooser, file requester, or open and save dialog) is a dialog box-type graphical control element that allows users to choose a file from the file system. File dialogs differ from file managers as they are not intended for file management (although some offer simple operations such as folder creation), rather they are intended for the opening and saving of files. Before file dialogs, most programs requested files as a command line argument or as an exact file path. Others required users to select a file from the file manager. A

neg: .DS Store .DS Store In the Apple macOS operating system, .DS_Store is a file that stores custom attributes of its containing folder, such as the position of icons or the choice of a background image. The name is an abbreviation of "Desktop Services Store", reflecting its purpose. It is created and maintained by the Finder application in every folder, and has functions similar to the file desktop.ini in Microsoft Windows. Starting with a full stop (period) character, it is hidden in Finder and many Unix utilities. Its internal structure is proprietary. The file .DS_Store is created in any directory (folder) accessed by

neg: Rockbox Palm's WebOS. Subject to the limitations of each particular platform, the appearance of Rockbox can be customised in various ways. Fonts and foreground and background colours can be added and selected, while a simple markup language can be used to create themes for the menu and playback screens. These themes can include backgrounds and other images (such as icons), plus various formats for file names, ID3 tags, album art, file progress, and time and system information. Rockbox has essentially been a file-tree based player, to which folders could be dragged and dropped and then navigated by folder structure. However, more

neg: NTFS pseudo-folder that 7-zip uses to attach files deleted from the file system to view), and codice_19 (another pseudo-folder that contains all the NTFS metadata files). This trick can be used from removable devices (USB flash drives, external hard drives, SD Cards, etc.) inside Windows, but doing this on the active partition requires offline access (namely WinRE). For each file (or directory) described in the MFT record, there is a linear repository of stream descriptors (also named "attributes"), packed together in one or more MFT records (containing the so-called "attributes list"), with extra padding to fill the fixed 1 KB size

neg: Filesystem-level encryption Filesystem-level encryption Filesystem-level encryption, often called file-based encryption, FBE, or file/folder encryption, is a form of disk encryption where individual files or directories are encrypted by the file system itself. This is in contrast to full disk encryption where the entire partition or disk, in which the file system resides, is encrypted. Types of filesystem-level encryption include: The advantages of filesystem-level encryption include: Unlike cryptographic file systems or full disk encryption, general-purpose file systems that include filesystem-level encryption do not typically encrypt file system metadata, such as the directory structure, file names, sizes or modification timestamps. This can be problematic

neg: My Documents is now called "Documents". In addition, other user folders are added: "Contacts", "Downloads", "Favorites", "Links", "Saved Games" and "Searches". Windows 10 adds "OneDrive". In Windows 7, under the Public user folder there is a Recorded TV library, that can be added on the libraries list. Installing Visio 2003 adds a <nowiki>"My Shapes"</nowiki> folder. On Windows machines which operate as part of a Windows Server domain, administrators can configure the location of "My Documents" (and other Special Folders) through Group Policy. Corporate desktop deployments commonly redirect "My Documents" to a folder on a file server. My Documents My Documents is the

neg: File Explorer IE7 does not support use as a file manager, although one will separately launch the other as necessary. When moving or copying files from one folder to another, if two files have the same name, an option is now available to rename the file; in previous versions of Windows, the user was prompted to choose either a replacement or cancel moving the file. Also, when renaming a file, Explorer only highlights the filename without selecting the extension. Renaming multiple files is quicker as pressing Tab automatically renames the existing file or folder and opens the file name text field for

neg: File Explorer the "File in Use" dialog. If the running application exposes these operations by means of the IFileInUse interface, Windows Explorer, upon encountering a locked file, allows the user to close the file or switch to the application from the dialog box itself. The ability to customize the layout and buttons on the toolbars has been removed in Windows Vista's Explorer, as has the ability to add a password to a zip file (compressed folder). The Toolbar button in Explorer to go up one folder from the current folder has been removed (the function still exists however, one can move up

neg: File Explorer well as adding a number of features to reflect the growing use of a computer as a digital hub. Windows Explorer in Windows Server 2003 contains all the same features as Windows XP, but the task panes and search companion are disabled by default. The task pane is displayed on the left-hand side of the window instead of the traditional folder tree view. It presents the user with a list of common actions and destinations that are relevant to the current directory or file(s) selected. For instance, when in a directory containing mostly pictures, a set of "Picture tasks" is

neg: Shared resource to start a communication session In very large networks, a Storage Area Network (SAN) approach may be used. Online storage on a server outside the local network is currently an option, especially for homes and small office networks. Shared file access should not be confused with file transfer using the file transfer protocol (FTP), or the Bluetooth IRDA OBject EXchange (OBEX) protocol. Shared access involves automatic synchronization of folder information whenever a folder is changed on the server, and may provide server side file searching, while file transfer is a more rudimentary service. Shared file access is normally considered as

neg: Torrent file torrent file is created to represent a file or folder to be shared. The torrent file acts as the key to initiating downloading of the actual content. Someone interested in receiving the shared file or folder first obtains the corresponding torrent file, either by directly downloading it, or by using a magnet link. The user then opens that file in a BitTorrent client, which automates the rest of the process. In order to learn the Internet locations of peers which may be sharing pieces, the client connects to the trackers named in the torrent file, and/or achieves a similar result

neg: Torrent file Torrent file In the BitTorrent file distribution system, a torrent file or METAINFO is a computer file that contains metadata about files and folders to be distributed, and usually also a list of the network locations of trackers, which are computers that help participants in the system find each other and form efficient distribution groups called "swarms". A torrent file does not contain the content to be distributed; it only contains information about those files, such as their names, sizes, folder structure, and cryptographic hash values for verifying file integrity. The term "torrent " may refer either to the metadata

neg: Spatial file manager Proponents claim that this confusion is partially a result of the non-spatial nature of the Windows 95 file manager. When the connection between the spatial state of a window is not unambiguously and irrevocably connected with a particular folder, it becomes impossible reliably to recognize a particular folder based on its spatial qualities. Spatial state often becomes misleading in a non-spatial file manager. Users may incorrectly identify a window based on visual cues that do not actually link it to any particular folder, but are instead properties of the browser-style window itself. In such an environment, each new window adds

neg: Virtual folder stored as files on the hard drive. They may be on a network share or in a custom application datastore such as e-mail inbox or even a database. Documents cannot be "stored" in a virtual folder, since physically a virtual folder is just a file storing a search query. Any attempt to store a file in a virtual folder, depending on the implementation, is redirected to some physical store. Most implementations speed up searching by pre-indexing the hard drive, or the locations where the search has to be performed. So when searching is to be done, the index, which is

neg: Mno Mno mno is a file extension created by some web designing software like UltraDev or Dreamweaver. It often goes after the existing extension of the webpage (.html, .asp, .php), in effect creating a double extension, for instance, "filename.html.mno". When a page with a recordset is created by some web design software, an .mno file is created in the site's _notes folder. .mno file contains design notes. This folder is usually not visible in the site manager, but it can be viewed using your system's file management tool. The MNO file contains XML information that are used to gain information about

neg: Windows File Protection silently to restore the original copy of the file. The original version of the file is restored from a cached folder which contains backup copies of these files. The Windows NT family uses the cached folder %WinDir%\System32\Dllcache. Windows Me caches its entire set of compressed cabinet setup files and stores them in the %Systemroot%\Options\Install folder. WFP covers all files which the operating system installs (such as DLL, EXE, SYS, OCX etc.), protecting them from deletion or from replacement by older versions. The digital signatures of these files are checked using code signing and the signature catalog files stored in the

neg: Features new to Windows XP a set of “Picture tasks” is shown, offering the options to display these pictures as a slide show, to print them, or to go online to order prints. Conversely, a folder containing music files would offer options to play those files in a media player, or to go online to purchase music. Every folder also has “File and Folder Tasks”, offering options to create new folders, share a folder on the local network, publish files or folders to a web site using the "Web Publishing Wizard", and other common tasks like copying, renaming, moving, and deleting files or folders. File

neg: Desktop metaphor when there was a much more simple and direct connection to what they knew of reality. Since then, many aspects of computers have wandered away from the paper paradigm by implementing features such as "shortcuts" to files, hypertext, and non-spatial file browsing. A shortcut (a link to a file that acts as a redirecting proxy, not the actual file) and hypertext have no real-world equivalent. Non-spatial file browsing, as well, may confuse novice users, as they can often have more than one window representing the same folder open at the same time, something that is impossible in reality. These and

neg: GNOME Builder code-editor, additional panels can be toggled into view. These include a project-tree, a terminal-window, and a help-browser. The project tree allows the user to perform file and folder operations. The development of GNOME Builder was crowdfunded in January 2015. The campaign reached 169% of its funding goal (55360 USD). GNOME Builder GNOME Builder is a general purpose integrated development environment (IDE) for the GNOME desktop environment. It was initially released on March 24, 2015. At GUADEC2016 Christian Hergert provided a of an upcoming version of GNOME Builder. More features will be integrated once GTK+ Scene Graph Kit will have been

neg: Pendaflex to the Caribbean, South and Central America, the Middle East, and Asia. In 1990, Pendaflex launched Earthwise recycled filing supplies, a complete line of environmentally friendly products. Products and technology associated with the Environmentally Friendly Filing line include: In 2000, Pendaflex introduced a new product called the Pendaflex Mobile File. The mobile file was developed for consumers who carry documents from one place to another - it is durable and water resistant. In February 2004, Pendaflex released another new product line, an update to the original hanging file folder, called Pendaflex Ready-Tab Hanging Folders. This product added pre-installed tabs across

neg: Autorun.inf installation process. By placing settings in an autorun.inf file, manufacturers could decide what actions were taken when their CD-ROM was inserted. The simplest autorun.inf files have just two settings: one specifying an icon to represent the CD in Windows Explorer (or "My Computer") and one specifying which application to run. Extra settings have been added in successive versions of Windows to support AutoPlay and other new features. autorun.inf is an ASCII text file located in the root folder of a CD-ROM or other "volume" device medium (See AutoPlay device types). The structure is that of a classic Windows .ini file,

neg: Ls use color to indicate file types is selected, the output might look like: The following example demonstrates the output of the codice_1 command given two different arguments (codice_29 is a command that shows the present working directory, or in other words, the folder you are currently in): In this example, the user codice_30 has a directory named codice_31, a regular file called codice_32, and an executable named codice_33 in his home directory. codice_1 uses Unix file permission notation to indicate which users or groups are allowed to access each file or directory. In this example, <samp>drafts</samp> is a directory (denoted

neg: PMView File Open Container. And it can, of course, also print the images. PMView uses its own file open dialog, showing thumbnails of all images in a given folder in what PMview calls the "File Open Container", unless the user chooses to see only the filenames. The size of those thumbnails can be changed by the user, and the user can choose if the thumbnails are taken from the operating system, out of the JPEG or PNG files, or dynamically generated by PMView. Still in the "File Open Container", all or selected images can be processed by file copy and move

neg: Volume (computing) as a mount-point for another volume, an empty directory (sometimes called a "folder") must exist there. Unix-like operating systems use the mount command to manipulate mount points for volumes. For example, if a CD-ROM drive containing a text file called 'info.txt' was mounted at '/mnt/iso9660', the text file would be accessible at '/mnt/iso9660/info.txt'. Files within a volume can generally be moved to any other place within that volume by manipulating the filesystem, without moving the actual data. However, if a file is to be moved outside the volume, the data itself must be relocated, which is a much more expensive

neg: OpenDocument technical specification file is saved. It should be a representation of the first page, first sheet, etc. of the document. The required size for the thumbnails is 128x128 pixel. In order to conform to the Thumbnail Managing Standard (TMS) at www.freedesktop.org, thumbnails must be saved as 8bit, non-interlaced PNG image with full alpha transparency. META-INF is a separate folder. Information about the files contained in the OpenDocument package is stored in an XML file called the manifest file. The manifest file is always stored at the pathname META-INF/manifest.xml. The main pieces of information stored in the manifest are: Pictures is a separate

neg: The Birdbot of Ice-Catraz mutant and not an alien (as is revealed in the season 4 episode, "Leela's Homeworld"). In season 7's "Forty Percent Leadbelly", as Dr. Beeler is browsing through Bender's file system, his Penguin Personality folder is shown next to his Main Personality folder. In its original airing, the episode was number 75 for the week and received a 4.9 rating share. In 2006, the episode was ranked by IGN.com as number 22 in their list of the Top 25 "Futurama" episodes, noting Free Waterfall Sr. and the penguin overpopulation in particular as the funniest parts of the episode. The Birdbot of

neg: Case preservation Also, in case-insensitive but case preserving file systems there cannot be a readme.txt and a Readme.txt in the same folder. Examples of systems with various case-sensitivity and case-preservation exist among file systems: Case preservation When a computer file system stores file names, the computer may keep or discard case information. When the case is stored, it is called case preservation. A system that is not case-preserving is necessarily case-insensitive, but it is possible and common for a system to be case-insensitive, yet case-preserving. This combination is often considered most natural for people to understand, because most people prefer using the

neg: Dead File FILE folder or letter. This is, after all, a fast flow system of management. With the DEAD FILE system, one just parks the name in a folder in the DEAD FILES as inactive until there is "a reason" to do otherwise." From page 7: "It is the "full" intention that: 1. "All" choppy, nattery rumormongery letters dead-end in the DEAD FILE. 2. That no further magazines or procurement letters go to the person. 3. That no staff personnel be enturbulated by the content of such letters. 4. That the line be cut completely. 5. That a record remain in Ethics."

neg: Assembly (CLI) different assemblies. The Windows file system (FAT32 and NTFS) only recognizes the PE file name, so two assemblies with the same PE file name (but different culture, version or public key token) cannot exist in the same Windows folder. To solve this issue the CLI introduces the GAC (Global Assembly Cache) that is treated as a single folder by run-time, but is actually implemented using nested file system folders. To prevent spoofing attacks, where a cracker would try to pass off an assembly appearing as something else, the assembly is signed with a private key. The developer of the intended

neg: NTLDR system, hidden, and read-only). Additionally, the file can be edited within Windows using a text editor if the folder view option "Show hidden files and folders" is selected, the folder view option "Hide protected operating system files" is unchecked, and the "Read-only" option is unchecked under file properties. "bootsect.dos" is the boot sector loaded by NTLDR to load DOS, or if there is no file specified when loading a non NT-based OS. An example of a "boot.ini" file: If the boot loader timeout option in "boot.ini" is set to 0, the NTLDR boot menu does not appear. Extreme caution should

neg: Design rule for Camera File system the next file after DSC09999.JPG will create a new folder containing DSC00001.JPG, rather than continuing in the same folder to DSC10000.JPG. DCF media is defined as removable memory recorded in compliance with the DCF specification or, removable and non-removable memory that a file system can access from an external device through IF (regardless of wired or wireless). Camera file systems can usually be accessed by directly mounting them via the USB mass storage device class protocol, which exposes the file layout, whether DCF compliant or otherwise. Alternatively, and independent of DCF, files may be accessed via the Picture Transfer Protocol,

neg: Fun.exe virus It adds itself to auto run information so that it executes multiple copies on startup. The copies monitor each other and will restore each other if one is deleted. This makes deleting from Windows nearly impossible. Known file names used by the virus are Fun.exe, DC.exe, Other.exe, SVIQ.exe, win.exe, and WinSit.exe. The file icon is made to look like the icon for a folder, inviting the user to open the folder when actually they are running the program thus starting the initial infection. However the graphic icon for the folder is poorly ripped from windows service icons and can be

neg: Hidden file and hidden directory However, the real content of this directory can still be seen using the CLI command codice_19. Hidden file and hidden directory In computing, a hidden folder (sometimes hidden directory) or hidden file is a folder or file which filesystem utilities do not display by default when showing a directory listing. They are commonly used for storing user preferences or preserving the state of a utility, and are frequently created implicitly by using various utilities. They are not a security mechanism because access is not restricted - usually the intent is simply to not "clutter" the display of the contents of

neg: Spatial file manager icons also represents this status and re-opening it will just reveal and bring it back to the front. A common alternative to the spatial file manager is the navigational file manager or "browser-style" file manager. A window in such a system is a device through which the contents of many folders may be viewed. A browser-style window is not tied to any particular folder. The window's spatial state (size, position, etc.) stays the same as the contents of many different folders are viewed through it. More than one browser window may show the contents of a particular folder simultaneously. Examples

neg: Hidden file and hidden directory Hidden file and hidden directory In computing, a hidden folder (sometimes hidden directory) or hidden file is a folder or file which filesystem utilities do not display by default when showing a directory listing. They are commonly used for storing user preferences or preserving the state of a utility, and are frequently created implicitly by using various utilities. They are not a security mechanism because access is not restricted - usually the intent is simply to not "clutter" the display of the contents of a directory listing with files the user did not directly create. In Unix-like operating systems, any

neg: Picasa This feature is also available through the context menu of Windows Explorer, and provides a way to start the Picasa editor as well. In Picasa 2 and earlier versions, changes to pictures made in Picasa overwrite the original file, but a backup version of the original is saved in a hidden folder named "Originals" in the same folder as the original picture (.picasaoriginals on Mac OS X). In Picasa 3, changes to pictures made in Picasa are saved to a hidden file picasa.ini in the same folder as the original picture. This allows multiple edits to be performed without altering

neg: Audiogalaxy quickly defeated by creating a "dummy" file in one's shared folder, and sending a song with the same name. This was due to Audiogalaxy's checksum hashing, the correct file was always sent despite the dummy. Some of the users could bypass this setting too, but instead of CGI editing there was a less sophisticated solution. A simple .bat file in sharing folder (with a line "codice_1" for example) was scheduled at desired time moving all of the MP3 files into desired folder. Even though Audiogalaxy claimed that they were trying to cooperate with the music industry and block copyrighted songs

neg: Newsstand (software) impossible to place Newsstand inside another folder on any iOS devices, but that functionality is now enabled. Apple has expressed the intention to replace the file system with easier forms of knowing where documents are; iCloud is one example. In the iOS file system all documents remain within applications. There has been some confusion about this from users who did not know it was already a folder, and thus found they could not easily add Newsstand into other folders they created on their devices, until many subsequently found a very specific folder creation method to bypass this deliberate limitation. However,

neg: Microsoft Photos its gallery view by selecting photos and arranging photos by albums. The default view is "Collection", which is sorted by date. Users can also view items by "Album" or "Folder" view. Album view shows both auto-generated and user-generated albums. Folder view displays files based on their location in File Explorer. Users can choose which folders to display. Users can choose what folders are displayed and which files are placed in albums. They can also see their total used OneDrive space in the Settings section. Photos provides basic raster graphics editor functions, such as: Users can edit with a sidebar similar

neg: Features new to Windows XP that enables it to join the group. Windows XP introduces a more simplified form of sharing files with local users in a multi-user environment and over the network called "Simple File Sharing". Simple File Sharing which is enabled by default for non-domain joined computers, disables the separate "Security" tab used to set advanced ACLs/permissions and enables a common interface for both - permissions on file system folders and sharing them. With Simple File Sharing enabled, the "My Documents" folder or its subfolders can only be read and written to by its "Owner" and by local Administrators. It is not shared

neg: File Allocation Table than 31 characters to unique 31-character filenames, which can then be made visible to Macintosh applications. macOS stores resource forks and metadata (file attributes, other ADS) using AppleDouble format in a hidden file with a name constructed from the owner filename prefixed with "codice_12", and Finder stores some folder and file metadata in a hidden file called "codice_13" (but note that Finder uses codice_13 even on macOS' native filesystem, HFS+). Early GNU/Linux distributions also supported a format known as UMSDOS, a FAT variant with Unix file attributes (such as long file name and access permissions) stored in a separate file

neg: Macintosh File System flat file system because it does not support a hierarchy of directories. Folders exist as a concept on the original MFS-based Macintosh, but work completely differently from the way they do on modern systems. They are visible in Finder windows, but not in the open and save dialog boxes. There is always one empty folder on the volume, and if it is altered in any way (such as by adding or renaming files), a new Empty Folder appears, thus providing a way to create new folders. MFS stores all of the file and directory listing information in a single file.

neg: Assembly (CLI) is associated with an assembly called the main assembly. That assembly (say, lib.dll) will contain the neutral resources (that Microsoft says is International English, but implies to be US English). Each satellite has the name of the associated library appended with .resources (for example lib.resources.dll). The satellite is given a non-neutral culture name, but since this is ignored by existing Windows file systems (FAT32 and NTFS) this would mean that there could be several files with the same PE name in one folder. Since this is not possible, satellites must be stored in subfolders under the application folder. For example,

neg: Dropbox (service) with Microsoft to integrate Dropbox and Microsoft Office applications on iOS, Android and the Office 365 applications on the web. On July 10, 2018, Dropbox announced its partnership with Salesforce aiming to improve brand engagement and team productivity. The Dropbox software enables users to drop any file into a designated folder. The file is then automatically uploaded to Dropbox's cloud-based service and made available to any other of the user's computers and devices that also have the Dropbox software installed, keeping the file up-to-date on all systems. When a file in a user's Dropbox folder is changed, Dropbox only uploads

neg: System File Checker user. Windows 98 did not offer real-time system file protection beyond file attributes; therefore, no preventive or reactive measure was available. All Windows NT-based operating systems since Windows 2000 introduced real-time file protection, called Windows File Protection (WFP). In addition, the System File Checker utility (codice_1) was reimplemented as a more robust command-line utility that integrated with WFP. Unlike the Windows 98 SFC utility, the new utility forces a scan of protected system files using Windows File Protection and allows the immediate silent restoration of system files from the "DLLCache" folder or installation media. SFC did not appear on Windows

neg: Virtual folder macOS had a similar concept in the iApps (iTunes and iPhoto), but these did not use the system-wide Spotlight engine. In November 2006, Microsoft released Windows Vista which allows users to save any search query as a "Search Folder", a type of virtual folder. Search Folders are designed so that users are not required to remember where their files are stored. A Search Folder is not a physical folder, but is essentially an XML file that stores a defined query in a form that can be used by the Windows Search subsystem. Because of this, a Search Folder can be

neg: Sige Subukan Mo incident when they were ambushed by a rival group,their enemy shot Sonya's younger sister (Assunta De Rossi).He rather sent her to the hospital than help his father.There she reveals that her father was killed by Ampil's men while on the line of duty.As he learned what is her secret,his trust on his father slowly slips away.As he tries to reason to his father,the latter denied him his request.A mysterious man trudges through a file case,and found a folder. David goes to retrieve the folder,although the rival group bribed him to defect,but turned it down and burned the money.He killed the

neg: Tickler file future month are placed in the corresponding monthly folder. Every day, the current daily folder is emptied and placed at the back of the set. At the start of a new month, the items for that month are removed from the month folder and placed in the corresponding daily folders. Simple systems which involve many repetitive tasks over time tend to use and re-use index cards of an appropriate size, with more complex systems using expandable "accordion files", file folders or even entire rooms full of filing cabinets. Modern systems are usually maintained in computerized databases or with simple tools

neg: File Explorer shown, offering the options to display these pictures as a slide show, to print them out, or to go online to order prints. Conversely, a folder containing music files would offer options to play those files in a media player, or to go online to purchase music. Windows XP had a Media bar but it was removed with SP1. The Media Bar was only available with Windows XP RTM. Every folder also has "File and Folder Tasks", offering options to create new folders, share a folder on the local network, publish files or folders to a web site, and other