query: when did the children 's rights movement start

pos: Children's rights movement English political radical wrote the first modern defence of the natural rights of children in "The Rights of Infants", published in 1796. With the onset of the Industrial Revolution, children as young as six began to be employed in the factories and coal mines in often inhumane conditions with long hours and little pay. During the early 19th century this exploitation began to attract growing opposition. The terrible conditions of the poor urban children was exposed to liberal middle-class opinion, notably by the author Charles Dickens in his novel Oliver Twist. Social reformers, such as the Lord Shaftesbury, began to

neg: Black feminism A Journal of Female Liberation". Weathers states her belief that "women's liberation should be considered as a strategy for an eventual tie-up with the entire revolutionary movement consisting of women, men, and children", but she posits that "[w]e women must start this thing rolling" because Not only did the Civil Rights Movement primarily focus on the oppression of black men, but many black women faced severe sexism within civil rights groups such as the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee.Within the Civil Rights Movement, men dominated the powerful positions. However, Black Feminists did not want the movement to be the struggle for

neg: Children's rights movement over children's issues and control parts of the government budget. There are also private institutions which are largely governed by children, for instance democratic schools (including Sudbury schools). http://www.globalfootprints.org/issues/local/children/childrights.htm weds. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/27/world/asia/calls-to-end-child-marriages-in-malaysia-after-12-year-old-weds.html?_r=0 https://www.loc.gov/law/help/child-rights/index.php universal standards on the rights of children read more: Children's rights - historical roots of the children's rights movement, universal standards on the rights of children. Retrieved from http://family.jrank.org/pages/251/Children-s-Rights.html Rights Have to be Realised? The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child as a Frame of Reference for Pedagogical Action. Journal of Philosophy of Education, 41(3), 431-443. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9752.2007.00568.x Difference. International

neg: A. S. Neill that children met their own limits naturally. Neill believed in equal rights between parents and children, and that undesirable "disciplined" or "spoiled" homes were created when those rights were imbalanced. He felt it unnecessary to fulfil all of childhood's requests and had great disdain for spoiled children. Summerhill children were naturally restricted by the school's limited teaching expertise and low funds. Bailey wrote that Neill did not have full faith in self-regulation due to his emphasis on the necessity of making specific environments for children. Robin Barrow argued that Neill's idea of self-regulation was contradictory, when its intent was, more

neg: Robert M. Fisher live less expensively and thus devote more time to creative endeavors. That did not stop him from getting involved in the Civil Rights Movement. By the end of the 60's, he spent a total of two years working in Mississippi, most of it helping develop cooperatives for low income people. He continued such community work until his death, mostly working with groups serving low income families and children, and organizations helping the families of those in prison. One example of such ongoing outreach work is "Street Angel Diaries." Robert donated the rights to use "about thirty" of his paintings of

neg: Asian American movement them from colonial rule; assimilationist politics attempted to demonstrate that Asians were worthy of the rights and privileges of citizenship. In the early to mid-1960's, a number of individual Asian Americans activists such as Yuri Kochiyama participated individually in the Free Speech Movement, Civil Rights movement, and anti-Vietnam War movement. These instances of social and political activism did not directly address issues facing all Asian Americans at the time. Asian immigrants were largely divided in America, before the 60's there was very little solidarity between the various Asian immigrant communities. These disparate groups dealt largely with issues concerning their own

neg: Fathers' rights movement in the United States and fathers' rights. About a Public Broadcasting Services (PBS) documentary about children and divorce, stating members commented that unlike a previous PBS documentary, the show was balanced, but portrayed the movement as promoting conflict, adding that the average viewer did not distinguish conflict in the public sphere from conflict in the home, which could hurt children. Members also protested a Boston Globe article about a case in which a father successfully prevented a mother from moving children 70 miles away to another state. According to the campaigners, the article inappropriately linked the mixed feelings of the children to their inability

neg: Save Our Children Stonewall riots occurred in New York City, marking the start of the gay rights movement. Although gay life in Miami was intensely closeted, and bars were subject to frequent raids, Christ Metropolitan Community Church—a congregation for gay and lesbian Christians in Miami—was founded in 1970 as a religious outlet, attracting hundreds of parishioners. The 1972 Democratic National Convention was held in Miami, featuring, for the first time, a public speech about the rights of gay men and lesbians by openly gay San Francisco political activist Jim Foster. Jack Campbell opened the Miami branch of Club Baths in 1974. When it

neg: Global Movement for Children united movement. The objectives of the GMC are to: The children's rights movement has existed since the early years of the twentieth century when individuals, public institutions and NGOs began to unite their efforts to improve the fate of children around the world. In recent years the movement has seen a dramatic growth and gained greater coherence with the drafting and entry into force of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) passed on the 30th anniversary of the ‘Declaration of the Rights of the Child’. Events following the adoption of the convention enhanced the significance of the

neg: Dragon Ladies: Asian American Feminists Breathe Fire internment camps in exchange. Women who tried to request leave were dismissed by government officials because of their status and reputation. As a result, Asian women fared many obstacles that left them oppressed. It wasn't until 1965 when the immigration act welcomed an influx of Asian immigrants into the states to fill job positions like physicians, doctors, and engineers, did it alter the face of Asian America and politics. Before the formation of the Asian feminism movement that is known today, there was the Asian American Movement. From the early 1950s to early 1960's, the civil rights movement was ensuing.

neg: Yates High School Ryan Colored Junior High School (now Ryan Middle School), named after the first principal of Yates. The HISD school board forced Holland to stay at Ryan Middle School instead of moving onto the new Yates, and a petition from the community did not succeed in changing this. Schools in HISD were named after former principals William S. Holland and James E. Codwell. After desegregation resulting from the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s and 1960s, HISD had established magnet programs and other alternative education programs. Many upper and middle class blacks sent their children to Bellaire High School, Lamar High

neg: Family in Peru (during the 1990s). The parents' rights movement is a movement whose members are primarily interested in issues affecting parents and children related to family law, specifically parental rights and obligations. Mothers' rights movements focus on maternal health, workplace issues such as labor rights, breastfeeding, and rights in family law. The fathers' rights movement is a movement whose members are primarily interested in issues related to family law, including child custody and child support, that affect fathers and their children. Children's rights are the human rights of children, with particular attention to the rights of special protection and care

neg: Fathers' rights movement and defines court-determined custody as not a right to parent one's children but as the power to prevent the other partner from parenting. Members of the fathers' rights movement state that family courts are biased against fathers and shared custody. Baskerville states that the outcome of divorce is overly one-sided and is initiated by mothers in more than two-thirds of cases – especially when children are involved. He also states that divorce provides advantages for women such as automatic custody of the children and financial benefits in the form of child support payments. Members of the FR movement also state

neg: Parents' rights movement Parents' rights movement The Parents' rights movement is a civil rights movement whose members are primarily interested in issues affecting fathers, mothers and children related to family law, including child custody. Parents' rights advocates claim that many parents' parental rights are unnecessarily terminated, and that children are separated from fathers and mothers and adopted through the actions of family courts and government social service agencies seeking to meet their own targets, rather than looking at the merits of each case. Parental rights activists state that employees of the Massachusetts Department of Social Services (DSS) take children away from their parents

neg: Fathers' rights movement by country USA, is defined as one of several forms of emotional child abuse. It has been active since the late 70's in media by publishing articles in the press (Svenska Dagbladet, Brännpunkt: "Barns rätt till två föräldrar" - "Children's rights to two parents", Dec 27, 1979), in Swedish Radio (P1: "Tendens"), and, recently on the social debate media Newsmill ("Ny Lag behövs till stöd för barn som berövas sina pappor" - "A new law is required to support children deprived of their fathers") The fathers' rights movement in the UK consists of a variety of groups, ranging from charities, self-help groups

neg: New Citizens' Movement initiated an open letter "The Citizens' Pledge", calling for the awakening and improvement of Chinese citizens' civil rights awareness. This event is usually regarded as the start of the New Citizens' Movement (even though it was prior to the coinage of the term). "Equal Rights for Education" is armed to reduce and eliminate the huge unfairness of the distribution of education resources in mainland China. One specific campaign is to abolish the hukou restriction in gaokao (college admission exam) for migrants' children in large cities. The campaign started with just four student-parent volunteers in 2010, and grew to more than

neg: Clitoraid the mother who did not want the circumcision. They also called on the United Nations to ban the practice: "Bodily harm is against the fundamental rights of all children, and we can’t understand when a so-called civilized country such as the United States would allow its male babies to be so readily mutilated legally!" Clitoraid Clitoraid is a non-profit project started by the Raelian movement to combat female genital mutilation. The project was started in 2005 or 2006. The Raelian movement sees sexual gratification as a positive thing and Clitoraid has sponsored clitoral reconstruction for African women and sought to

neg: John Holt (educator) free school movement was in full swing, and his next book, "Freedom and Beyond" (1972), questioned much of what teachers and educators really meant when they suggested children should have more freedom in the classroom. While Holt was an advocate of children having more rights and abilities to make decisions for themselves, he felt that the free school movement was not the answer to the question of how to fix the school system. Holt then wrote "Escape from Childhood: The Needs and Rights of Children" (1974), in which he claimed that children should have independence including the right to work

neg: Civil rights movements which later became known as Aztlán. That version of the past did not, but take into account the history of those Mexicans who had immigrated to the United States. It also gave little attention to the rights of undocumented immigrants in the United States in the 1960s— which is not surprising, since immigration did not have the political significance it later acquired. It was a decade later when activists, such as Bert Corona in California, embraced the rights of undocumented workers and helped broaden the movement to include their issues. When the movement dealt with practical problems in the 1960s,

neg: Fathers' rights movement in Italy Fathers' rights movement in Italy The fathers' rights movement (a movement dedicated to achieving equal rights to custody of children) in Italy consists of a number of diverse pressure groups, ranging from charities (defined as ONLUS in the Italian Law) and self-help groups to civil disobedience activists, who started to obtain wide publicity in 2003. The movement's origin can be traced to 1984 when Papa' Separati was founded in Emilia. At the local level, many activists spend much time providing support for newly separated fathers, most of whom are highly distraught. Although some have been accused of being sexist by

neg: Fannie Lee Chaney week. The two had five children, two sons named James Earl Chaney, and Ben Chaney Jr., and three daughters named Barbara, Janice, and Julia. Her oldest son, James, became involved in the civil rights movement early in his life. Both Fannie Lee and Ben Sr. were skeptical of his work, however Fannie Lee learned more about the civil rights movement and ultimately supported her son’s work. Ben Chaney Sr., however, did not support James’ work and left the family as a result. Chaney's oldest son, James Earl Chaney became involved in the Freedom Summer movement in Mississippi, and as a

neg: Philip Yenyo said. "When you start to explain to people how it affects us as a people and it puts us in a category with animals, they begin to see our side." Philip Yenyo Philip Yenyo is a Native American civil rights activist. He is perhaps one of several prominent American Indians to spearhead the movement against the use of Native American imagery as sports mascots. Philip John Yenyo was born on 26 October 1965 to Adeline Ramirez and John Yenyo in Cleveland, Ohio. It is notable that Yenyo has three children, from separate relationships. Son, Lucas, and daughter, Grace, both reside

neg: Fatima Besnaci-Lancou subject". The support of Human Rights League (LDH), Movement Against Racism and for Friendship between Peoples (MRAP), and International League against Racism and Anti-Semitism (LICRA). Fatima was criticized by some former Harkis for working with these organizations as they did not support Harkis in 1962 when they arrived in France. Fatima felt it "better than never". The same year, Fatima founded the Association Harkis and Human Rights with Hadjila Kemoum. The objective is to work on the perspective memories of Harkis and its history. Also in 2004, Fatima worked to revisit with children of harkis and of Algerian immigrants. Fatima

neg: Men's rights movement that fathers will pay child support or remain involved parents. Michael Flood argues that the father's rights movement seems to prioritize re-establishing paternal authority over actual involvement with the children, and that they prioritize formal principles of equality over positive parenting and well-being of the children. Lundy Bancroft states that family courts repeatedly fail to protect battered women and their children by frequently granting joint or sole custody to abusive fathers. Observers have noted that the 'intactivist' movement, an anti-circumcision movement, has some overlap with the men's rights movement. Most men's rights activists object to routine neonatal circumcision and say

neg: Education in Japan disabilities, speech-language impairment (communication disorder), health impairment and development delay. Children with disabilities, along with their parents, did not have a voice until in the 1990’s when special needs education started to receive public attention. Before then, children with disability were recognized as “slow learners” or “difficult to blend in”. The education department of the Japanese government slowly started to focus on giving equal rights to children with disability, and the first major reform began as an introduction of a “Resource Room System", which served as a supplemental special need program for students with disabilities attending traditional school settings. Further

neg: Fathers' rights movement laws that would create a rebuttable presumption that custody of any minor children be awarded to the respondent [who is innocent or does not wish to divorce] regardless of gender. He also notes the predictions of Tim O'Brien, the author of the proposed amendment, who states that the proposed amendment would result in a plummeting divorce rate and reduced negative consequences for children. Stephen Baskerville proposes "reasonable limits" on no-fault divorce when children are involved. Some members of the FRM support the end of the no-fault principle in child custody and divorce decisions. Some members of the fathers' rights movement

neg: Parents' rights movement between parents and doctors about the best course of treatment and the cases were taken to court. This has led to an impassioned debate about who should have the final say - parents or doctors. Parents' rights movement The Parents' rights movement is a civil rights movement whose members are primarily interested in issues affecting fathers, mothers and children related to family law, including child custody. Parents' rights advocates claim that many parents' parental rights are unnecessarily terminated, and that children are separated from fathers and mothers and adopted through the actions of family courts and government social service agencies

neg: Children's rights movement Journal of Children's Rights, 19(4), 595-612. doi:10.1163/157181811X547263 Children's rights movement The Children's Rights Movement is a historical and modern movement committed to the acknowledgment, expansion, and/or regression of the rights of children around the world. It begun in the early part of the last century and has been an effort by government organizations, advocacy groups, academics, lawyers, lawmakers, and judges to construct a system of laws and policies that enhance and protect the lives of children. While the historical definition of child has varied, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child asserts that "A child is any

neg: Fathers' rights movement Fathers' rights movement The fathers' rights movement is a movement whose members are primarily interested in issues related to family law, including child custody and child support that affect fathers and their children. Many of its members are fathers who desire to share the parenting of their children equally with their children's mothers—either after divorce or as unwed fathers—and the children of the terminated marriage. The movement includes men as well as women, often the second wives of divorced fathers or other family members of men who have had some engagement with family law. Most of its members had little

neg: Global Movement for Children Regional Platforms which are in turn integrated by national platforms of organisations working with child rights. Global Movement for Children The Global Movement for Children (GMC) is the world-wide movement of organisations and people – including children- uniting efforts to build a world fit for children. The GMC seeks to jointly promote global advocacy campaigns for child rights and accountability of governments vis-à-vis their children. The GMC was created as a result of the success of the Say Yes for Children campaign which led to the [UN Special Session on Children] in 2002 resolving to help mobilize citizens of every

neg: Fathers' rights movement to establish parental authority for both parents and for the well-being of their children. Members of the fathers' rights movement state that a rebuttable presumption for shared parenting preserves a child's protection against unfit or violent parents. Pro-feminist sociologist Michael Flood states that supporters of shared parenting use it only as a symbolic issue related to "rights", "equality", and "fairness" and that the father's rights movement is not actually interested in the shared care of their children or the children's wishes, adding that fathers' rights groups have advocated policies and strategies that are harmful to mothers and children and also

neg: Marian Wright Edelman justice issues connected with the civil rights movement and representing activists during the Mississippi Freedom Summer of 1964. She also helped establish the Head Start program. Edelman moved in 1968 to Washington, D.C., where she continued her work and contributed to the organizing of the Poor People's Campaign of Martin Luther King Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. She founded the Washington Research Project, a public interest law firm, and also became interested in issues related to childhood development and children. In 1973, she founded the Children's Defense Fund as a voice for poor children, children of color, and

neg: History of women in the United Kingdom suffragettes did succeed in damaging the Liberal party but failed to advance the cause of woman suffrage. When the Pankhursts decided to stop the militancy at the start of the war, and enthusiastically support the war effort, the movement split and their leadership role ended. Suffrage did come four years later, but the feminist movement in Britain permanently abandoned the militant tactics that had made the suffragettes famous. In Wales, women's participation in politics grew steadily from the start of the suffrage movement in 1907. By 2003, half the members elected to the National Assembly were women. Although abortion was

neg: Vahida Maglajlić it. Maglajlić thus ran the household up to the start of World War II. Although she did not pursue her education any further, Maglajlić became acquainted with Marxism and the labour movement through her brothers, who studied in Sarajevo and Zagreb. She was among the first Bosnian Muslim women to take part in the labour movement and through it became more closely involved with the women's rights movement. She was also active in the International Red Aid, and later presided over Banja Luka's women's organization. Her father allowed her to stop wearing her veil, but she outraged her family and

neg: Fathers' rights movement by country an award-winning website, holding meetings, and protesting publicly from their War-4-Kids wagon. Fathers of New Zealand sponsors a website that offers advice to help fathers succeed in family court. The fathers movement in the Netherlands started in the end of the 70's of the previous century after the introduction of no-fault divorce laws combined with single parent care familycourt practices putting children in single parent care of mainly mothers without any access provisions in family law to also protect and secure the care and contact of children from and with their fathers. During the first decade several initiatives, groups and

neg: Autism rights movement seen as tampering with natural selection. Some people lament that professionals, such as social workers, may discourage autistics from having children. Some are concerned that the "ultimate cure will be a genetic test to prevent autistic children from being born" and that most autistic fetuses would be aborted if prenatal tests for autism are developed. "Curing" autism is a controversial and politicized issue. Doctors and scientists are not sure of the cause(s) of autism yet many organizations like Autism Research Institute and Autism Speaks advocate researching a cure. Members of the various autism rights organizations view autism as a way

neg: Dave Van Ronk ragtime to the solo acoustic guitar. His guitar arrangements of such ragtime hits as "St. Louis Tickle", "The Entertainer", "The Pearls" and "Maple Leaf Rag" continue to frustrate and challenge aspiring guitar players. He also did fine compositions of his own in the classic styles, such as "Antelope Rag". His song "Last Call" is the source of the title of Lawrence Block's book "When the Sacred Ginmill Closes". Van Ronk was among 13 people arrested at the Stonewall Inn June 28, 1969—the night that the Stonewall Riots, which many cite as the start of the gay rights movement, began. The

neg: Noughts & Crosses (novel series) provide an alibi for her when Kamal confronts Jasmine's about his suspicions of her infidelity: that is only strongly suggested for now but is made explicit later. Only then did Meggie realise her mistake. Since then, Sephy and Callum's friendship has been secret. As best friends, their relationship is frowned upon by society, like interracial friendships in the Southern United States before the Civil Rights Movement but in reverse, as dark skin is considered much better to have than light skin. Callum is one of the first few noughts to start at Heathcroft, a high school for Crosses that now

neg: Children's rights movement Children's rights movement The Children's Rights Movement is a historical and modern movement committed to the acknowledgment, expansion, and/or regression of the rights of children around the world. It begun in the early part of the last century and has been an effort by government organizations, advocacy groups, academics, lawyers, lawmakers, and judges to construct a system of laws and policies that enhance and protect the lives of children. While the historical definition of child has varied, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child asserts that "A child is any human being below the age of eighteen

neg: Donzaleigh Abernathy Jones Abernathy and witness first-hand many significant events of the Civil Rights Movement. Her family was very close to that of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., another prominent figure of the Civil Rights Movement. The Abernathy and King children went to school together, performed extracurricular activities together, spent Sunday Dinners together, vacations and various holidays together. According to Abernathy herself, children from both families would hold performances for their parents on these occasions with Yolanda King, one of King's daughters, acting as the director and Dr. King filming the performances. Abernathy acknowledges that "that's really when [she] started acting." She

neg: Children's rights movement promoting youth rights in the United States has made substantial gains in the past. Refer to the Convention of the Rights of a Child. The Children's Rights Movement assert that it is the case that children have rights which adults, states and government have a responsibility to uphold. The UK maintains a position that UNCRC is not legally enforceable and is hence 'aspirational' only - albeit a 2003 ECHR ruling states: "The human rights of children and the standards to which all governments must aspire in realizing these rights for all children are set out in the Convention on the

neg: Israel S. Dresner a veteran of the Israeli Defense Forces, and did the first year of his M.A. at Hebrew University of Jerusalem. His daughter was a volunteer in Kibbutz Yotvata and married a member of the kibbutz. Israel S. Dresner Israel Seymour (Si) Dresner is a Reform rabbi, and past president of the Education Fund for Israeli Civil Rights and Peace. He was instrumental in the Civil Rights Movement, and a close friend to Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. He was born April 22, 1929, on the Lower East Side of New York City. He was raised in Brooklyn, attending an Orthodox

neg: Animal Rights National Conference formation of the U.S. animal rights movement. The animal rights conferences that followed still offer the only national networking opportunity for movement leaders and activists. In fact, a number of animal rights movement leaders got their start here: Animal Rights National Conference The Animal Rights National Conference has been organized since 2000 by the Farm Animal Rights Movement (FARM). FARM was also responsible for an earlier series of annual conferences, named Action For Life, between 1981 and 1987, as well as two special conferences in 1991 and 1997. Between 1988 and 1996, the annual animal conferences were organized by the

neg: Save Our Children considered "the best thing to happen to the gay rights movement. She and her cohorts were so over the top that it just completely galvanized the gay rights movement". San Francisco author Armistead Maupin was writing his installments of individual stories in a column for the "San Francisco Chronicle" titled "Tales of the City" in 1977. He remembered, "I know what the battle did for me: It forced me to confront my own residual self-loathing and stare it down once and for all by coming out." Maupin used the next installment of "Tales" to have one of his gay characters

neg: Die Freundin vs. “feminine” lesbians (similar to today's butch and femme roll distribution) then lead to discussions about to what extent such roles continued to promote and reinforce stereotypes, which in the context the emerging women's movement was an important contribution. "Die Freundin"’s general texts on the women's movement were found very sporadically. "Die Freundin" did not draw a specific alliance with the women's movement at the time, even though in 1924 the magazine claimed it would "advocate equal rights for women in social life". None of the subjects of the women's movement that were being discussed at that time were covered

neg: Men's rights movement actively opposing and attempting to dismantle services and supports put in place to protect abused women and children. Domestic abuse expert Lundy Bancroft has called men's rights "the abuser's crusade" and said that the attitudes of the movement contribute to abuse of women. Other researchers such as Michael Flood have accused the men's rights movement, particularly the father's rights groups in Australia, of endangering women, children, and even men who are at greater risk of abuse and violence. Flood states that the men's rights/father's rights groups in Australia pursues "equality with a vengeance" or equal policies with negative outcomes and

neg: Youth rights and international outreach for youth and adults regarding youth rights. Youth rights The youth rights movement (also known as youth liberation) seeks to grant the rights to young people that are traditionally reserved for adults, due to having reached a specific age or sufficient maturity. This is closely akin to the notion of evolving capacities within the children's rights movement, but the youth rights movement differs from the children's rights movement in that the latter places emphasis on the welfare and protection of children through the actions and decisions of adults, while the youth rights movement seeks to grant youth

neg: Gary Thomas Rowe Klansman: Collie Leroy Wilkins Jr., William Orville Eaton, and Eugene Thomas. The FBI attempted to downplay the situation and discredit Luizzo by spreading rumors that Liuzzo was a member of the Communist Party, was a heroin addict, and had abandoned her children to have sexual relationships with African Americans involved in the Civil Rights Movement. This came at a time when the Bureau was also trying to smear Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s Southern Christian Leadership Conference and the Communist party. In 1965, Rowe testified as a trial witness against the three other Klansman involved in the murder of Viola

neg: Men's rights movement especially the requirement to pay spousal and child support to former wives and illegitimate children, and supported the use of blood tests to determine paternity. "Justitia" and "Aequitas" issued their own short-lived journals "Men's Rightists Newspaper" and "Self-Defense" where they expressed their views that were heavily influenced by the works of Heinrich Schurtz, Otto Weininger, and Jörg Lanz von Liebenfels. The organizations ceased to exist before 1939. The modern men's rights movement emerged from the men's liberation movement, which appeared in the first half of the 1970s when scholars began to study feminist ideas and politics. The men's liberation movement

neg: Susan B. Anthony children, however, and helped raise the children in the Stanton household. Referring to her niece, she wrote, "The dear little Lucy engrosses most of my time and thoughts. A child one loves is a constant benediction to the soul, whether or not it helps to the accomplishment of great intellectual feats." As a young worker in the women's rights movement, Anthony expressed frustration when some of her co-workers began to marry and have children, sharply curtailing their ability to work for the understaffed movement. When Lucy Stone abandoned her pledge to stay single, Anthony's scolding remarks caused a temporary rupture

neg: Weather Underground your ears and protect your eardrums when the explosion went off and then start the investigation." The Attorney General in the new Carter administration, Griffin B. Bell, investigated, and on April 10, 1978, a federal grand jury charged Felt, Edward S. Miller, and Gray with conspiracy to violate the constitutional rights of American citizens by searching their homes without warrants. The case did not go to trial and was dropped by the government for lack of evidence on December 11, 1980. The indictment charged violations of Title 18, Section 241 of the United States Code. The indictment charged Felt and

neg: Children's rights movement other underground resistance workers in opposition to Hitler's regime. The concept of children having particular rights is a relatively new one. Traditional attitudes towards children tended to consider them as mere extensions of the household and 'owned' by their parents and/or legal guardian, who exerted absolute parental control. Views began to change during the Enlightenment, when tradition was increasingly challenged and the value of individual autonomy and natural rights began to be asserted. The Foundling Hospital in London was founded in 1741 as a children's home for the "education and maintenance of exposed and deserted young children". Thomas Spence, an

neg: Youth rights Youth rights The youth rights movement (also known as youth liberation) seeks to grant the rights to young people that are traditionally reserved for adults, due to having reached a specific age or sufficient maturity. This is closely akin to the notion of evolving capacities within the children's rights movement, but the youth rights movement differs from the children's rights movement in that the latter places emphasis on the welfare and protection of children through the actions and decisions of adults, while the youth rights movement seeks to grant youth the liberty to make their own decisions autonomously in the

neg: Anna Langford an Ohioan hospital while suffering from appendicitis. However, when her children, including Anna, who were biracial, came to visit their sick mother, the hospital immediately ordered her transferred to another hospital for African Americans. Langford's mother suffered a burst appendix while en route to the second hospital and did not survive. Langford moved to Chicago after the death of her parents. She graduated from Hyde Park High School and Roosevelt University. She enrolled at John Marshall Law School and became a lawyer in 1956. She became intimately involved in the Civil Rights Movement, both within the Chicago Metropolitan Area and

neg: Individuals with Disabilities Education Act the assassination of John F. Kennedy in 1963 to the Vietnam war ongoing from 1955 until 1975. On top of those events, the Civil Rights Movement was in full force in the United States. From schools being integrated to the Montgomery Bus Boycott, from Greensboro sit-ins to marches on Washington, equal rights for all was a prevalent ideal. President John F. Kennedy showed interest in mental retardation studies and President Lyndon Johnson used Federal funds to increase research on "at-risk" youth. Early intervention programs for children living in low socioeconomic situations, such as the Head Start Program, began showing up

neg: Environmental racism Movement. The Civil Rights Movement influenced the mobilization of people by echoing the empowerment and concern associated with political action. Here is where the civil rights agenda and the environmental agenda met. Despite this being the case, environmental organizations such as Sierra Club did distance themselves from cases such as the Warren County case likely because of their unwillingness to risk technical support when dealing with a very social issue. Activists have called for "more participatory and citizen-centered conceptions of justice." The environmental justice (EJ) movement and climate justice (CJ) movement address environmental racism in bringing attention and enacting change

neg: Children's rights movement Geneva, where the Declaration was widely discussed and supported by organisations and governments. The SCIU also pressed the newly formed United Nations in 1946 to adopt the World Child Welfare Charter. This was achieved in 1959, when the United Nations General Assembly adopted an expanded version as the Declaration of the Rights of the Child. Its main provisions are: From the formation of the United Nations to the present day, the Children's Rights Movement has become global in focus. Children around the world still suffer from forced child labor, genital mutilation, military service, and sex trafficking. Several international organizations have

neg: Frontier City added to the Wild West Waterworks called the Gully Washer which consists of three high-thrill water slides that will start from a tower approximately 66 feet tall. One of the new shows for the 2017 season performed in the Opera House is called "Shake, Rattle, and Roll" which replaced the show "Industrial Movement" and revisited the music of the 50's and 60's era. On May 22, 2018, Six Flags Entertainment Corporation announced that they had entered into a purchase agreement with Premier Parks to acquire the lease rights to operate the park, which would remain under EPR Properties ownership. The

neg: Black Power Though the Black Power movement did not remedy the political problems faced by African Americans in the 1960s and 1970s, the movement did contribute to the development of black politics both directly and indirectly. As a contemporary of and successor to the Civil Rights Movement, the Black Power movement created, what sociologist Herbert H. Haines refers to as a "positive radical flank effect" on political affairs of the 1960s. Though the nature of the relationship between the Civil Rights Movement and the Black Power movement is contested, Haines' study of the relationship between black radicals and the mainstream civil rights

neg: Hasan Prishtina of the uprising. In the Ottoman elections of April 1912, the CUP won most parliamentary seats by rigging the election and prevented its Albanian critics like Prishtina from retaining their positions. After the Ottoman Government did not keep their promises for more rights and independence to the Albania nation, Hasan Prishtina and several other prominent Albanian intellectuals started organizing the Albanian National Movement. He together with Isa Boletini and Bajram Curri took the responsibility to start the Albanian National Movement in Kosovo. In 1912, due to the deteriorating situation between Albanians and Ottoman authorities, Prishtina alongside other Albanian leaders were

neg: Black Power the Black Power movement, while reaffirming the basic tenets of the Civil Rights movement. The statement was signed by Dorothy Height, A. Philip Randolph, Bayard Rustin, Roy Wilkins, Whitney Young, and Hobson R. Reynolds. Although the concept remained imprecise and contested and the people who used the slogan ranged from business people who used it to push black capitalism to revolutionaries who sought an end to capitalism, the idea of Black Power exerted a significant influence. It helped organize scores of community self-help groups and institutions that did not depend on Whites, encouraged colleges and universities to start black studies

neg: Freeway Rick Ross (book) asked for more. When he realized he did not want to see his brother or sister smoke crack cocaine, he decided to get out and start a legitimate business. "This story," wrote "Crimespree Magazine"'s Marie Nicoll, "will be retold and shared to American classrooms to children on what can happen when you go down the wrong path. His story shows the true meaning of having everything you could imagine, but at what price." In the book's foreword, Los Angeles Bishop Noel Jones writes that "this work portrays the heart of a man who is seeking the opportunity, in whatever form,

neg: Martin Macwan served as the organization's director until 2004, and he has also served as a convener of the National Campaign on Dalit Human Rights. Macwan has been trying to gain more exposure to the plight of Dalits, and has argued that the caste system violates the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, in hopes of gaining international attention to the discrimination against the untouchable class. He argues that the caste system cannot be considered simply a domestic matter: "We say that India did support the U.S. civil rights movement in the 1960's, and also the anti-apartheid struggle in South Africa ... In

neg: Individualist anarchism In adopting Stirnerite egoism in 1886, Tucker rejected natural rights which had long been considered the foundation of libertarianism. This rejection galvanized the movement into fierce debates, with the natural rights proponents accusing the egoists of destroying libertarianism itself. So bitter was the conflict that a number of natural rights proponents withdrew from the pages of "Liberty" in protest even though they had hitherto been among its frequent contributors. Thereafter, "Liberty" championed egoism although its general content did not change significantly. Several periodicals were undoubtedly influenced by "Liberty"'s presentation of egoism. They included "I" published by Clarence Lee Swartz, edited

neg: Tuhama Mahmoud Ma'rouf her imprisonment and called for her immediate release, as did the Committee on Human Rights of the US National Academy of Sciences, the Damascus Center for Human Rights Studies, and Human Rights Watch. Ma'rouf was released on 2 June 2011 as part of a general amnesty for political dissidents following the start of the Arab Spring protests. Ma'rouf received a degree in dentistry from Aleppo University in 1997. Her husband, Bakr Sidqi, is a writer and former political prisoner; they have two children. Tuhama Mahmoud Ma'rouf Tuhama Mahmoud Ma'rouf (; born 1964) is a Syrian dentist who was detained from

neg: Countermovement comes up now or in the future, there is another group who will disapprove and make a countermovement. Countermovement A countermovement in sociology means a social movement opposed to another social movement. Whenever one social movement starts up, another group establishes themselves to undermine the previous group. Many social movements start out as an effect of political activism towards issues that a group disagrees with. “Researchers have used resource mobilization to study all manner of social and political movements such as environmentalism, father's rights groups, religious movements, and abortion rights”. The reason for the start of countermovement groups is that

neg: Countermovement Countermovement A countermovement in sociology means a social movement opposed to another social movement. Whenever one social movement starts up, another group establishes themselves to undermine the previous group. Many social movements start out as an effect of political activism towards issues that a group disagrees with. “Researchers have used resource mobilization to study all manner of social and political movements such as environmentalism, father's rights groups, religious movements, and abortion rights”. The reason for the start of countermovement groups is that people are competing for resources for political influence. Countermovement groups are a part of American society that try

neg: Hu Jie hometown in shandong province and settled in their hometown by the sea with three children. However, in the face of the land that the forefathers lived, they had no land of their own. They have to face the sea, and start their life again. (12) Searching for Lin Zhao’s Soul (115min, 2004)[4] Among the many intellectuals who were classified as rightists in the 1958 anti-rightist movement, Peking University student Lin zhao was probably the most influential one. When the public accepted the unfair, she did not fear the power. She began to resist the totalitarian rule. After her arrest, she

neg: Men's rights movement motives in order to re-establish paternal authority over the well-being of children and women as well as positive parenting. Men's rights movement The men's rights movement (MRM) is a part of the larger men's movement. It branched off from the men's liberation movement in the early 1970s. The men's rights movement is notably anti-feminist and made up of a variety of groups and individuals who focus on numerous social issues (including family law, parenting, reproduction, domestic violence against men and opposition to circumcision) and government services (including education, compulsory military service, social safety nets, and health policies), which men's rights

neg: Child labour wages, and continuous regulations on factory legislation. The first legal steps taken to end the occurrence of child labour was enacted more than fifty years ago. In 1966, the nation adopted the UN General Assembly of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. This act legally limited the minimum age for when children could start work at the age of 14. But 23 years later in 1989 the Convention on the Rights of Children was adopted and helped to reduce the exploitation of children and demanded safe working environments. They all worked towards the goal of ending the

neg: Men's movement and social safety nets) health. The fathers' rights movement is a subset of the men's rights movement. Its members are primarily interested in issues related to family law, including child custody and child support that affect fathers and their children. Prominent men's rights activists include Warren Farrell, Herb Goldberg, Richard Doyle, and Asa Baber. Glenn Sacks is a fathers' rights activist. The mythopoetic men's movement is based on spiritual perspectives derived from psychoanalysis, and especially the work of Carl Jung. It is less political than either the profeminist or men's rights movement and has a self-help focus. It is called

neg: Child migration granted a permit to stay when they can demonstrate an income. The rights of children as unaccompanied migrants in the European area of freedom of movement are not explicitly defined and the related institutional responsibilities remain unclear. The way that national governments interpret and regulate the rules of freedom of movement for unaccompanied children under 18 years of age differs among the countries. The UN UN Refugee Convention and its Protocol regulate the right of persons to seek international protection. Children enjoy special safeguards and have a right to have their asylum application examined individually. Child-specific grounds of persecution need

neg: Children's rights movement years, unless under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier." There are no definitions of other terms used to describe young people such as "adolescents", "teenagers" or "youth" in international law. Now that child labor had been effectively eradicated in parts of the world, the movement turned to other things, but it again stalled when World War II broke out and children and women began to enter the work force once more. With millions of adults at war, the children were needed to help keep the country running. In Europe, children served as couriers, intelligence collectors, and

neg: African Movement of Working Children and Youth several languages. The movement was formally created in July 1994 in Bouaké (Côte d'Ivoire), where the first international meeting was held. At the Bouaké meeting, the movement's "vision" and a list of 12 priority rights for working children were outlined: "Vision": All African children must be born and grow in good condition, and enjoy their full rights to thrive, while at the same time helping their communities to develop harmoniously in peace and in a favorable environment. "Priority rights": AMWCY has gained the support of ECOWAS, Save the Children, Plan, ILO and UNESCO and it has branches in 21 countries,

neg: Fathers' rights movement criticized the movement for allegedly perpetuating negative stereotypes of women as deceptive, vindictive, and irresponsible, as well as the stereotype that women are out to take advantage of men financially. Public supporters of the fathers' rights movement and their issues include Live Aid founder Bob Geldof, Irish writer and journalist John Waters and Karen DeCrow, former president of the National Organization for Women. Other notable commentators include: Fathers' rights movement The fathers' rights movement is a movement whose members are primarily interested in issues related to family law, including child custody and child support that affect fathers and their children.

neg: Josephine Baker in a major motion picture, the 1934 Marc Allégret film "Zouzou". Baker refused to perform for segregated audiences in the United States and is noted for her contributions to the Civil Rights Movement. In 1968 she was offered unofficial leadership in the movement in the United States by Coretta Scott King, following Martin Luther King Jr.'s assassination. After thinking it over, Baker declined the offer out of concern for the welfare of her children. She was also known for aiding the French Resistance during World War II. After the war, she was awarded the Croix de guerre by the French

neg: Lucy Mingo S. Paley and his wife. The women of the FQB were very aware of and many were active in the civil rights movement. Members of the FQB heard Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. speak in Gee's Bend in 1965 and many of them, including Mingo, were inspired to register to vote as a result. Mingo says she "marched in Montgomery and over the Pettus Bridge, but I wasn't in the one with John Lewis" and she avoided getting arrested because she had children. Mingo was considered "one of Gee's Bend's leading spokespersons during the civil rights era". The Bee was

neg: Bloomers (clothing) dress rather than as a health dress did nothing to recommend it to the orthodox clergy and other critics of the woman's rights movement, who denounced the wearing of pants by women as a usurpation of male authority. Associating it with the woman's rights movement, the "New York Sunday Mercury" published a woodcarving representing the woman's rights convention held in Akron, Ohio, in May 1851. It depicted every woman in coat, breeches, and high boots, sitting cross-legged and smoking cigars, when in truth not a bloomer was present. Some young women were denied church membership for wearing the dress. Public

neg: Diane Nash activist. Nash's family members were surprised when she joined the Civil Rights Movement. Her grandmother was quoted as saying, "Diane, you've gotten in with the wrong bunch;" she did not know that Diane was the chairwoman of organizing the nonviolent protests at her university. Her family was not familiar with the idea of working for civil rights. Diane Nash spoke of how it took her family time to come around to accept her as a key player in the Civil Rights Movement. But her mother began to use fundraising abilities to raise money for the Freedom Riders. Nash said in

neg: S. J. Perelman Laura's death in 1970. Perelman did not remarry. The marriage was strained from the start because of his innumerable affairs (notably with Leila Hadley). Perelman reportedly regarded children as a nuisance. His son Adam (born in 1936) committed several robberies in the mid 1950s, was accused of attempted rape, and ended up in a reformatory for wayward boys. The two things that brought Perelman happiness were his MG automobile and a mynah bird, both of which he pampered like babies. His Anglophilia turned rather sour when late in his life he (temporarily) relocated to England and actually had to socialize

neg: Fathers' rights movement made by fathers rather than bias of family courts. According to sociologist Michael Flood, father's rights activists have exaggerated the disparity in custody awards between mothers and fathers, and ignored the fact that in the vast majority of cases, fathers voluntarily relinquish custody of their children through private arrangements; either because they are willing to do so, or because they do not expect a favorable court ruling. Stating that "children need two parents" and that "children have a fundamental human right to an opportunity and relationship with both their mother and father", members of the fathers' rights movement call for

neg: Fathers' rights movement in the United States to relocate with their mother and to the shared parenting arrangement rather than to divorce, adding that the reporter questioned the children about their living situation and thus exacerbated the conflicts felt by the children. Fathers' rights movement in the United States The fathers' rights movement in the United States is a group that provides fathers with education, support and advocacy on family law issues of child custody, access, child support, domestic violence and child abuse. Members protest what they see as evidence of gender bias against fathers in the branches and departments of various governments, including the family courts.

neg: Civil rights movement in Omaha, Nebraska Civil rights movement in Omaha, Nebraska The Civil rights movement in Omaha, Nebraska, has roots that extend back until at least 1912. With a history of racial tension that starts before the founding of the city, Omaha has been the home of numerous overt efforts related to securing civil rights for African Americans since at least the 1920s. Prior to the formal founding of the civil rights movement in Omaha, several African Americans secured status that was relevant to later struggles. While the civil rights movement proper did not begin until the 1940s, the historical significance of Omaha in securing

neg: Civil rights movement in Omaha, Nebraska historic case of "Brown v. Board of Education". Civil rights movement in Omaha, Nebraska The Civil rights movement in Omaha, Nebraska, has roots that extend back until at least 1912. With a history of racial tension that starts before the founding of the city, Omaha has been the home of numerous overt efforts related to securing civil rights for African Americans since at least the 1920s. Prior to the formal founding of the civil rights movement in Omaha, several African Americans secured status that was relevant to later struggles. While the civil rights movement proper did not begin until the

neg: Global Movement for Children Global Movement for Children The Global Movement for Children (GMC) is the world-wide movement of organisations and people – including children- uniting efforts to build a world fit for children. The GMC seeks to jointly promote global advocacy campaigns for child rights and accountability of governments vis-à-vis their children. The GMC was created as a result of the success of the Say Yes for Children campaign which led to the [UN Special Session on Children] in 2002 resolving to help mobilize citizens of every nation families, communities, civil society, organizations of every kind and children within an active, influential and

neg: Seneca Falls Convention In the volume, Stanton did not mention the Liberty Party's plank on woman suffrage pre-dating the Seneca Falls Convention by a month, and she did not describe the Worcester National Women's Rights Convention, organized by Stone and Davis in 1850, as the beginning of the women's rights movement. Rather, Stanton named the 1840 Anti-Slavery Convention in London as the birth of the "movement for woman's suffrage, in both England and America". She positioned the Seneca Falls meeting as her own political debut, and characterized it as the beginning of the women's rights movement, which she called "the greatest movement for

neg: Language development that children acquire during their childhood, and even up to the early school years, are: determiners (a, the), -ing inflection, plural –s, auxiliary be, possessive –s, third person singular –s, past tense –ed). When children start using them they tend to overgeneralize the rules and project them upon all the words in the language, including irregulars. For example: if a child knows the –ed (past tense) there is a possibility that they'll say "I eated"( Man-mans cat-cats). These errors result from overgeneralization of rules. This overgeneralization is very noticeable, in fact, children do that in less than 25 percent of

neg: Fathers' rights movement in Italy some commentators and family lawers, these groups also campaign for better treatment for excluded mothers, women in second marriages, other step-parents and grandparents - all of whom claim to suffer from discrimination regarding custody and/or visitation with their child(ren) and grandchild(ren). The most important charities in Italy which have formed a federation called Fe.N.Bi and an activist movement called Armata dei padri are: Fathers' rights movement in Italy The fathers' rights movement (a movement dedicated to achieving equal rights to custody of children) in Italy consists of a number of diverse pressure groups, ranging from charities (defined as ONLUS in

neg: Barbara Rose Johns Civil Rights Movement. For her part in the integration movement, Johns was harassed and the KKK burned a cross in her yard. Barbara Johns' parents, fearing for her safety, sent her to Montgomery, Alabama to live with her uncle. After the strike, Barbara Johns lived out the rest of her life in relative peace. She married William Powell and raised five children. Her commitment to education moved her to become a librarian. She served in this profession until her death in 1991. Barbara Johns' contribution to civil rights is often overlooked because she was a teenager when she made a

neg: Fathers' rights movement abusive when more than half custody is taken away from a willing, competent parent. Members of the fathers' rights movement including Ned Holstein state that a rebuttable presumption of shared parenting is supported by a majority of citizens. Baskerville writes that proposals to enact shared parenting laws are opposed by divorce lawyers, and he says that "radical feminist" groups oppose shared parenting because of the possibility of domestic violence and child abuse. Mo Yee Lee states that joint custody arrangements are good for children only if there is no conflict between the parents. Some feminist groups have stated that if

neg: Children's rights the Child (1989), asserts that "every child should have the opportunity to grow and develop free from preventable illness or injury." Other issues affecting children's rights include the military use of children, sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography. "In the majority of jurisdictions, for instance, children are not allowed to vote, to marry, to buy alcohol, to have sex, or to engage in paid employment." Within the youth rights movement, it is believed that the key difference between "children's" rights and "youth" rights is that children's rights supporters generally advocate the establishment and enforcement of protection for children

neg: Britten's Children "what he understood as a sexual approach from Britten in his bedroom". Harry said he screamed and hit Britten with a chair and then Britten's sister Beth rushed into the room. Harry left the next morning and told his mother what had happened, but she did not believe him. John Bridcut was interviewed by Andrew Marr on BBC Radio 4's "Start the Week" in June 2006. Britten's sexual attraction for 13/14-year-old boys was the subject of the interview and the incident with Harry Morris, when Britten "may have crossed the line", was described in detail. Bridcut writes about Britten's friendship

neg: Global Movement for Children movement even more, namely: At the UN General Assembly’s Special Session on Children in 2002 the name Global Movement for Children (GMC) was first coined. The purpose of naming the Global Movement for Children was to help make visible to the world’s leaders the thousands of organisations and millions of citizens, voters – and children themselves – who are today united in this cause. Nelson Mandela and Graça Machel launched the GMC at the United Nations and since then, it has brought together thousands of organisations in advocating for children rights. Over the years, the GMC has focused on the

neg: General assembly (Occupy movement) rights movement of the 1960s. They grew in prevalence at around the turn of the millennium, manifesting as the spokescouncils of the 1999 anti-globalization movement and as the horizontalist assemblies that began to appear in South America as a response to the Argentine economic crisis (1999–2002). Assemblies were used from the start of the Spanish Indignados movement in May 2011 – this is sometimes seen as the start of wider occupy movement, though more often it is considered an immediate precursor, with the global Occupy Movement itself starting with Occupy Wall Street. Assemblies were used during the planning stage of

neg: Civil rights movement (1896–1954) original question of "Plessy"'s legality, focusing instead on the principle of equality. Justice Stanley Reed was swayed after Warren suggested that a Southerner's lone dissent on this issue could be more dangerous and incendiary than the court's unanimous decision. In May 1954, Warren announced the Court's decision, which he wrote. It said that "segregation of children in public schools solely on the basis of race" was unconstitutional because it deprived "the children of the minority group of equal educational opportunities" and thus equal protection under the law. Numerous Southern leaders and their constituents strongly resisted the ruling; the Governor of

neg: Ruth Gustafson in the 1890s. She became a formal member of the Social Democratic party in 1902, and was thereafter active as a speaker for the party, citing Kata Dalström and Anna Sterky as her role models. She was known for her radical views in favor to abolish the church, in favor of civil marriage, to give legal rights to couple living together without being married (as she herself did with her spouse for six years before she married him), and to protect children from being used as work force. Ruth Gustafson was a leading figure of the women's rights movement within

neg: Viola Liuzzo Detroit protests, attended civil rights conferences and worked with the NAACP. She had a strong desire to make a difference on as large a scale as she could. In addition to actively supporting the civil rights movement, Liuzzo was also notable for her protest against Detroit's laws that allowed for students to more easily drop out of school. Her disagreement with this law led her to withdraw her children from school in protest. Because she deliberately home-schooled them for two months, Liuzzo was arrested, but did not waiver. She pleaded guilty in court and was placed on probation. In February

neg: Samuel Wilbert Tucker Rights In America", "did more to advance school integration than any other Supreme Court decision since "Brown"." Tucker was born in Alexandria, Virginia, on June 18, 1913. His father, Samuel A. Tucker, a real estate agent and NAACP member, and teacher mother saw to his formal and informal education. Tucker later said: "I got involved in the civil rights movement on June 18, 1913, in Alexandria. I was born black." Although Alexandria was less segregated that Richmond and Norfolk, it provided no high school for black children, so after graduating from 8th grade, he had to "bootleg" a high school

neg: St. Augustine movement St. Augustine movement The St. Augustine movement was a part of the wider Civil Rights Movement in 1963–1964. It was a major event in St. Augustine's long history and had a role in the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Despite the 1954 Supreme Court act in "Brown v. Board of Education", which ruled that the "separate but equal" legal status of public schools made those schools inherently unequal, St. Augustine still had only six black children admitted into white schools. The homes of two of the families of these children were burned by local segregationists, while other

neg: National Council of Jewish Women Meals on Wheels program for the elderly and pioneered the Senior Service Corps to help seniors lead productive lives as volunteers. The organization joined the emerging civil rights movement and participated fully in the drive to enact and promote the 1960s' anti-poverty and civil rights programs. NCJW renewed its commitment to women's rights as the revitalized women's movement took shape in the 1960s and 1970s. Focusing its energies on the fate of women and children, NCJW sought child care programs and family-friendly policies that would benefit children and working mothers, and championed reproductive rights. In the 1970s, NCJW officially published

neg: Bobbi Campbell of the genuine care and concern"; once people with AIDS realised they could advocate for themselves, lessons learned from the feminist and the civil rights movement helped with a more-widespread acceptance of the notion of self-empowerment. The national PWA movement came fully together when Campbell took charge of a discussion where, with Callen, Turner and others, he drafted the Denver Principles, the defining manifesto of the PWA Movement, which, again, start with the rejection of the terms "victim" and "patient." Campbell and the San Franciscans had different thoughts on the origin (etiology) of AIDS from Callen and the New Yorkers