query: three of the four special economic zones are located in which province of china

pos: Special economic zones of China Shenzhen, and Zhuhai in Guangdong Province and Xiamen in Fujian Province and designated the entire island province of Hainan a special economic zone. In 1984, China opened 14 other coastal cities to overseas investment (listed north to south): Dalian, Qinhuangdao, Tianjin, Yantai, Qingdao, Lianyungang, Nantong, Shanghai, Ningbo, Wenzhou, Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Zhanjiang, and Beihai. Then, beginning in 1985, the central government expanded the coastal area by establishing the following open economic zones (listed north to south): the Liaodong Peninsula, Hebei Province (which surrounds Beijing and Tianjin; see Jingjinji), the Shandong Peninsula, Yangtze River Delta, Xiamen-Zhangzhou-Quanzhou Triangle in southern Fujian Province, the

pos: Economic history of China (1949–present) undertakings remained questionable. The most conspicuous symbols of the new status of foreign trade were the four coastal special economic zones (see Glossary), which were created in 1979 as enclaves where foreign investment could receive special treatment. Three of the four zones—the cities of Shenzhen, Zhuhai, and Shantou—were located in Guangdong Province, close to Hong Kong. The fourth, Xiamen, in Fujian Province, was directly across the strait from Taiwan. More significant for China's economic development was the designation in April 1984 of economic development zones in the fourteen largest coastal cities- -including Dalian, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Guangzhou—all of which were

pos: History of trade of the People's Republic of China billion, US$15.6 billion of which it already had used. Most loans went into infrastructure projects, such as energy and transportation, and funded raw materials imports. The Bank of China, the principal foreign exchange bank, established branches overseas and participated in international financial markets in Eurobonds and loan syndication. Legal and institutional frameworks to facilitate foreign investment and trade also were created. Laws on taxation, joint ventures, foreign investments, and related areas were promulgated to encourage foreign investment. In 1979 China created four special economic zones in Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shantou (in Guangdong Province), and Xiamen (in Fujian Province). (See Special Economic

pos: Pearl River Delta Economic Zone Delta Economic Zone is also a highly attractive consumer market. Cities such as Shenzhen and Guangzhou are among the most affluent in the Chinese Mainland. Close links to Hong Kong and Macau mean that Pearl River Delta region consumers adopt international tastes earlier than most places in China, making the region one of the trend setters in China. In 1979, the Central Government of the People's Republic of China announced that Guangdong Province would be allowed to follow less restrictive economic policies and would be permitted to set up three Special Economic Zones (SEZs), including two in the Pearl River

pos: Shenzhen Special Economic Zone harsh aspects of living due to their placement in crowded and heavily restricted factory dormitories. Shenzhen Special Economic Zone Shenzhen Special Economic Zone (Chinese: 深圳经济特区), established in May 1980, is the first special economic zone in the People's Republic of China. Seven other special economic zones were subsequently established. Until 2010, Shenzhen Special Economic Zone comprised four of the nine districts of Shenzhen City in Guangdong Province, namely Luohu, Futian, Nanshan, and Yantian, with a total area of 493 km². In 2010, it was expanded to include the rest of the city, substantially increasing the geographical size of the SEZ.

pos: Shenzhen Special Economic Zone Shenzhen Special Economic Zone Shenzhen Special Economic Zone (Chinese: 深圳经济特区), established in May 1980, is the first special economic zone in the People's Republic of China. Seven other special economic zones were subsequently established. Until 2010, Shenzhen Special Economic Zone comprised four of the nine districts of Shenzhen City in Guangdong Province, namely Luohu, Futian, Nanshan, and Yantian, with a total area of 493 km². In 2010, it was expanded to include the rest of the city, substantially increasing the geographical size of the SEZ. Many manufacturers oriented towards export markets produce and assemble goods in the zone. Population Characteristics

pos: Zhuhai Zhuhai Zhuhai (, ; Yale: "Jyūhói"; literally: "Pearl Sea") is a prefecture-level city on the southern coast of Guangdong province in China. Located in the Pearl River Delta, Zhuhai borders Jiangmen to the northwest, Zhongshan to the north, and Macau to the south. Zhuhai was one of the original Special Economic Zones established in the 1980s. Zhuhai is also one of China's premier tourist destinations, being called the Chinese Riviera. While the city is located in the traditionally Cantonese-speaking region of Guangdong Province, a significant portion of population is now made up of Mandarin speaking economic migrants originally from inland

pos: Special economic zones of China attract foreign investment and technology". In the late 1970s, and especially at the 3rd Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in December 1978, the Chinese government initiated its policy of reform and opening up. As a response to the failure of Maoist economy policy that failed to produce economic growth which would allow China to be competitive against not only industrialized nations of the west but also rising regional powers: Japan, Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. Officials in Guangdong Province led by Provincial Party Secretary Xi Zhongxun seized the initiative, starting with

pos: Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT) (Chinese: 广东以色列理工学院) commonly shortened to Guangdong Technion is a public technological institute and non-profit research university in Shantou, Guangdong province, China, situated on the southeast of Shantou University. The Technion-Israel Institute of Technology in cooperation with Shantou University and with the financial support of the Li Ka Shing Foundation established the Guangdong Technion in 2015 with the aim to focus on research and innovation in engineering and life sciences. The Guangdong Technion is in Shantou, one of the Special Economic Zones in the People's Republic of China in Guangdong,

pos: 1969 Yangjiang earthquake Guangdong Province lies in a tectonically stable part of China, which has relatively low seismicity. The area forms part of the passive margin between the continental crust of China and the oceanic crust of the northern part of the South China Sea. Within the stable South China Block, there are three zones of higher earthquake activity, one of which is the Southeast China Coast seismic zone running through Guangdong and Fujian Provinces. This zone follows the South China Maritime Fold Belt, which was formed by a subduction event during the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous epochs. The area is currently

neg: Special economic zones of China Special economic zones of China Special economic zones of China (SEZs) are special economic zones located in mainland China. The government of China gives SEZs special (more free market-oriented) economic policies and flexible governmental measures, compared to the more planned economy of most of China. This allows SEZs to utilize an economic management system that is more attractive for foreign and domestic firms to do business in than the rest of mainland China. In SEZs, "...foreign and domestic trade and investment are conducted without the authorization of the Chinese central government in Beijing." SEZs offer "tax and business incentives to

neg: Special economic zones of China increases regional growth but increasing the number of SEZs has negligible effect on growth. The key to faster economic growth appears to be a greater pace of liberalization. Special economic zones of China Special economic zones of China (SEZs) are special economic zones located in mainland China. The government of China gives SEZs special (more free market-oriented) economic policies and flexible governmental measures, compared to the more planned economy of most of China. This allows SEZs to utilize an economic management system that is more attractive for foreign and domestic firms to do business in than the rest of mainland

neg: Special economic zones of China zone (approved by the 1st session of the 7th NPC in 1988) and to enlarge the other four special economic zones. Shortly afterwards, the State Council expanded the open coastal areas, extending into an open coastal belt the open economic zones of the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Xiamen-Zhangzhou-Quanzhou Triangle in south Fujian, the Shandong Peninsula, the Liaodong Peninsula (in Liaoning Province), Hebei Province and Guangxi autonomous region. In June 1990, the Chinese government opened the Pudong New Area in Shanghai to overseas investment, and additional cities along the Yangtze River valley, with Shanghai's Pudong New Area as its

neg: Economic and Technological Development Zones Economic and Technological Development Zones The National Economic and Technological Development Zones () are the special areas of the People's Republic of China where foreign direct investment is encouraged. They are usually called the "Economic and Technological Development Zones" or simply the "Development Zones". These national level programs started with the Special Economic Zones for three cities in 1978, as part of China's economic reform, and were extended to the Economic and Technological Development Zones in 14 cities in 1984. There are also pros and cons on development on these economic zones, the pros are creating more job opportunities, increasing

neg: Special economic zones of China river, border, and inland areas has been formed in China. SEZs are listed separately in the national planning (including financial planning) and have province-level authority on economic administration. SEZs local congress and government have authority to legislate. Leong (2012) investigates the role of special economic zones (SEZs) in liberalizing the Chinese and Indian economies and their impact on economic growth. The policy change to a more liberalized economy is identified using SEZ variables as instrumental variables. The results indicate that export and FDI growth have positive and statistically significant effects on economic growth in these countries. The presence of SEZs

neg: China–Pakistan Economic Corridor is located near a 2,282-acre free trade area in Gwadar which is being modelled on the lines of the Special Economic Zones of China. The swathe of land was handed to the China Overseas Port Holding Company in November 2015 as part of a 43-year lease. The site will include manufacturing zones, logistics hubs, warehouses, and display centres. Businesses located in the zone would be exempt from customs authorities as well as many provincial and federal taxes. Business established in the special economic zone will be exempt from Pakistani income, sales, and federal excise taxes for 23 years. Contractors and

neg: Special Economic Zones of Cambodia US$1.65 billion in total investment from 172 investment projects, most of which were initiated by China, South Korea and Japan, and added 105,000 jobs to the Cambodian economy. Special Economic Zones of Cambodia Special Economic Zones of Cambodia are geographical areas within Cambodia's borders that have been specially designated by the national government in which business and trade regulations differ from those that apply to the rest of the country. Special economic zones, in general, are common in various economies around the world and are established to meet the needs of the specific business environment of each host country, ranging

neg: Zhuhai as well as petrochemical industries. Aiming to strengthen the existing industrial base as well as to provide a better environment for the development of new high-tech industries, the local government has taken the initiative in developing five economic zones: As one of the four earliest Special Economic Zones (SEZs) in China, Zhuhai SEZ was set up in the year 1980 and granted with a local legislative right. Zhuhai hi-tech zone is located in the north of Zhuhai, which is very close to downtown. Furthermore, technological resources are centralized in our zone; there is also a huge development in hi-tech industries

neg: Hòn La Economic Zone Hòn La Economic Zone Hon La Economic Zone (: "Khu kinh tế Hòn La") is one of special economic zones in Vietnam. This zone is located by the South China Sea's Hon La Port in Quảng Trạch District, Quảng Bình Province, Bắc Trung Bộ, Vietnam. The economic zone covers 100 square kilometers, including communes: Quảng Đông, Quảng Phú, Quảng Tùng, Cảnh Dương, Quảng Hưng and Quảng Xuân Hon La Economic Zone is situated 60 km north Đồng Hới, around 440 km south of Hanoi, at the foot of Ngang Pass, near the Vung Ang Economic Zone in Hà Tĩnh Province

neg: Gwadar Port government of Pakistan will not be required to repay. The expanded port will be located near a 2,282 acre free trade area in Gwadar which is being modelled on the lines of the Special Economic Zones of China. The swathe of land was handed to the China Overseas Port Holding Company in November 2015 as part of a 43-year lease, while construction of the project began on 20 June 2016. The special economic zone is expected to employ approximately 40,000 people, with possibility for future expansion. The special economic zone will include manufacturing zones, logistics hubs, warehouses, and display centres.

neg: Liaoning and in products made in Liaoning for export domestically and internationally. The cities of Dalian, Dandong and Yingkou have been developed as major ports and economic gateways to all of northeast China. Of the development zones formally recognized by the PRC State Council, 56 are located in Liaoning, including 14 on the national level and 42 on the provincial level. These zones are further grouped into Economic Development Zones, High-Tech Zones, Free Trade and Export Processing Zones, and Special Development Zones. In October 1995, the Shenyang Cross-Strait Science Industrial Zone was approved to be established by State Council. The Shenyang

neg: Economy of North Korea in establishing Chinese-style special economic zones was flatly denied by then deputy chairman of the Economic Policy Commission Yun Ki-pok (Yun became chairman as of June 1989). China's special economic zones typically are coastal areas established to promote economic development and the introduction of advanced technology through foreign investment. Investors are offered preferential tax terms and facilities. The zones, which allow greater reliance on market forces, have more decision making power in economic activities than do provincial-level units. Over the years, China has tried to convince the North Korean leadership of the advantages of these zones by giving tours of

neg: Quảng Ninh Province every sector. The People's Committee of Quảng Ninh Province in 2007 approved proposals for development plans up to 2020. Industrial development is taking place at a rapid pace. Mineral extraction industries are being developed. Special economic zones are being created and the plans envisage making the province a modern industrial province by 2015. The two economic development zones under development are the Mong Cai Border Gate Economic Zone and the Van Don Economic Zone. Tourism is also a sector of economic development, which has been given priority. Quảng Ninh has targeted to become a regional high-quality tourism center and an

neg: Special economic zones of China name "special zones" with reference to the designation of another border region during the Chinese Civil War. The proposal was approved on July 15 and the four special zones were officially established on August 26, 1979. In 1984, China further opened 14 coastal cities to overseas investment: Dalian, Qinhuangdao, Tianjin, Yantai, Qingdao, Lianyungang, Nantong, Shanghai, Ningbo, Wenzhou, Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Zhanjiang and Beihai. Since 1988, mainland China's opening to the outside world has been extended to its border areas, areas along the Yangtze River and inland areas. First, the state decided to turn Hainan Island into mainland China's biggest special economic

neg: Hòn La Economic Zone annum). Petrovietnam is preparing to build a 2,400 MW coal-fuelled thermal power plant (Quang Trach Thermal Power Plant, total estimate is $1.5 billion) in this economic zone. Hòn La Economic Zone Hon La Economic Zone (: "Khu kinh tế Hòn La") is one of special economic zones in Vietnam. This zone is located by the South China Sea's Hon La Port in Quảng Trạch District, Quảng Bình Province, Bắc Trung Bộ, Vietnam. The economic zone covers 100 square kilometers, including communes: Quảng Đông, Quảng Phú, Quảng Tùng, Cảnh Dương, Quảng Hưng and Quảng Xuân Hon La Economic Zone is situated

neg: History of trade of the People's Republic of China Zones of the People's Republic of China.) The special economic zones essentially were export-processing zones designed to attract foreign investment, expand exports, and import technology and expertise. In 1984 fourteen coastal cities were designated "open cities." These too were intended to attract foreign funds and technology. But in 1985 the government decided to concentrate resources on only four of the cities: Dalian, Guangzhou, Shanghai, and Tianjin. Although the special economic zones and open cities had the power to grant investment incentives, problems with the red tape, bureaucratic interference, and lack of basic infrastructure resulted in less foreign investment and fewer

neg: Economic and Technological Development Zones Development Zones (in the order of the list in the , i.e. in the order of the approvals): There are now many Provincial Economic Development Zones, such as: Some of them are as large as the National Economic and Technological Development Zones. There are also the Municipal-Level Economic Development Zones. Economic and Technological Development Zones The National Economic and Technological Development Zones () are the special areas of the People's Republic of China where foreign direct investment is encouraged. They are usually called the "Economic and Technological Development Zones" or simply the "Development Zones". These national level programs started with

neg: Open Door Policy foreign businesses that wanted to set up in China. Special Economic Zones (SEZ) were set up in 1980 in his belief that in order to modernize China's industry and boost its economy, it needed to welcome foreign direct investment. Chinese economic policy then shifted to encouraging and supporting foreign trade & investment. It is the turning point in China economic fortune that started China on the path to becoming 'The World's Factory'. Four SEZs were initially set up in 1980, namely Shenzhen, Zhuhai and Shantou in Guangdong, and Xiamen in Fujian. These SEZs were strategically located near Hong Kong, Macau

neg: Special economic zone simultaneously accelerated industrialization in this region. These zones attracted investment from multinational corporations. A recent trend has been for African countries to set up SEZs in partnership with China. The term special economic zone can include: The World Bank created the following table to clarify distinctions between types of special economic zones: SEZs were introduced to India in 2000, following the already successful SEZ model used in China. Prior to their introduction, India relied on export processing zones (EPZs) which failed to make an impact on foreign investors. By 2005, all EPZs had been converted to SEZs. As of 2017,

neg: Special administrative regions of China according to Article 31 of the Constitution. Generally, the two SARs are not considered to constitute a part of Mainland China, by both Chinese and SAR authorities. The provision to establish special administrative regions appeared in the constitution in 1982, in anticipation of the talks with the United Kingdom over the question of the sovereignty over Hong Kong. It was envisioned as the model for the eventual reunification with Taiwan and other islands, where the Republic of China has resided since 1949. Special administrative regions should not be confused with special economic zones, which are areas in which special economic

neg: Africa–China economic relations so. And thusly, Angola has become China's leading energy supplier. China also plan to establish five special economic zones in Africa, zones where "the Chinese government will create the enabling environment into which Chinese companies can follow". The Exim Bank of China (Eximbank) is a government bank under direct leadership of the State Council, acting both in China and overseas. For its oversea actions, EximBank has hundreds of offices across the world, with three key representatives in Paris, St. Petersburg, and Johannesburg. The bank is a major force in Chinese foreign trade, aiming to catalyze import-export initiatives. Eximbank offers enterprises

neg: Special economic zones of China an investment project in Shekou prepared by Yuan Geng on behalf of the Hong Kong-based China Merchants Steam Navigation Company. This project, initially a ship breaking facility, was approved by Li Xiannian on January 31, 1979. In April 1979, Xi Zhongxun and other Guangdong officials presented in Beijing a proposal to give broader flexibility to the coastal provinces of Guangdong and Fujian to attract foreign investment, with additional exemptions in four cities, namely Shenzhen in the Pearl River Delta region, Zhuhai and Shantou in Guangdong and Xiamen (Amoy) in Fujian Province. For these, Chinese Paramount leader Deng Xiaoping coined the

neg: Globalization in China Jihad vs. McWorld argues. The more integrated communities become with mainland China, the more prosperity they receive, but most of the advantages go to the various business tycoons and corporate elites, which can be seen as an example of the rise in income inequality in China. Since 1980, China has undergone a series of reform policies aimed at transforming its economic system from a planned economy to a market-oriented economy by combining the planning economic systems from socialism with a market mechanism from capitalism. Along with this shift came the creation of four Special Economic Zones, areas of the country

neg: New areas New areas The new areas or new districts of the People's Republic of China are new urban districts that are given special economic and development support by the central government or regional government. New areas are divided into two varieties: administrative or management and further divided into levels: state-level, provincial-level, and prefectural-level. The State-level new areas of the People's Republic of China are special economic-development zones supported by the central government. The zones are parts of cities at various levels in the formal hierarchy but are known as "national-level" or "state-level" in reference to the preferential policies and privileges they

neg: New areas are granted directly by the State Council. These privileges are to encourage and attract new developments (particularly foreign direct investment) to speed up the city's economy.<ref> New areas The new areas or new districts of the People's Republic of China are new urban districts that are given special economic and development support by the central government or regional government. New areas are divided into two varieties: administrative or management and further divided into levels: state-level, provincial-level, and prefectural-level. The State-level new areas of the People's Republic of China are special economic-development zones supported by the central government. The zones are

neg: Special Economic Zones of Cambodia Special Economic Zones of Cambodia Special Economic Zones of Cambodia are geographical areas within Cambodia's borders that have been specially designated by the national government in which business and trade regulations differ from those that apply to the rest of the country. Special economic zones, in general, are common in various economies around the world and are established to meet the needs of the specific business environment of each host country, ranging from encouraging foreign investment to job creation to streamlined administration of multinational ventures. Approved in 2005 with implementation beginning in 2006, Cambodia's Special Economic Zones provide businesses within

neg: Zhuhai (Koppen classification Cwa) and moderated by the South China Sea, with long, hot and humid summers with frequent thunderstorms, and short, mild and dry winters. Average highs in January and July are respectively. Snowfalls are unknown and a frost has never been recorded in the city centre. Conversely, extreme heat waves do not occur as they do further inland. Zhuhai became a city in 1979, a year before it was designated as one of the first Special Economic Zones of China (SEZ). Similarly to neighboring Shenzhen, which became the first Special Economic Zone of China in 1978, the implementation of

neg: Muyun Economic Development Zone Muyun Economic Development Zone Muyun Economic Development Zone () is an economic development zone at province level in Tianxin District of Changsha City, Hunan Province, China, one of two economic development zones in Tianxin District. It is the original Changsha Muyun Industrial Park () created in August 2001. In March 2012, it was renamed to the present name. Muyun Economic Development Zone is located in the central south of Changsha city proper, on the eastern shore of the Xiang River, it adjoins Tianxin Economic Development Zone to the north and Zhaoshan Demonstration Area () of Xiangtan to the south. It

neg: Peshawar industries, though many of its plots remain underutilized. The Hayatabad Industrial Estate hosts 646 industrial units in Peshawar's western suburbs, though several of the units are no longer in use. As part of the China Pakistan Economic Corridor, 4 special economic zones are to be established in the province, with roads, electricity, gas, water, and security to be provided by the government. The nearby Hattar SEZ is envisioned to provide employment to 30,000 people, and is being developed at a cost of approximately $200 million with completion expected in 2017. As a result of large numbers of displaced persons in

neg: Muyun Economic Development Zone has an area of , and covers the whole area of Muyun and Nantuo subdistricts (former Munyun Town). Muyun Economic Development Zone Muyun Economic Development Zone () is an economic development zone at province level in Tianxin District of Changsha City, Hunan Province, China, one of two economic development zones in Tianxin District. It is the original Changsha Muyun Industrial Park () created in August 2001. In March 2012, it was renamed to the present name. Muyun Economic Development Zone is located in the central south of Changsha city proper, on the eastern shore of the Xiang River, it adjoins

neg: Alabuga Special Economic Zone of a resident is three months. By October 2017, 57 companies were registered as residents, 23 plants were put into service, others being under construction or projected in Alabuga. Taxation of the Alabuga residents is carried out in accordance with the Russian laws of the special economic zones. The resident companies have some tax preferences and benefits, defined by federal legislation and legislation of Tatarstan. In December 2016, Alabuga reached a principal agreement on cooperation with the Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area (TEDA), one of the first and most successful free economic zones in China. Among prospects were: attracting more than

neg: Special economic zones of China that are not currently enjoyed by the special economic zones. For instance, in addition to the preferential policies of reducing or eliminating Customs duties and income tax common to the economic and technological development zones, the state also permits the zone to allow foreign business people to open financial institutions and run tertiary industries. In addition, the state has given Shanghai permission to set up a stock exchange, expand its examination and approval authority over investments and allow foreign-funded banks to engage in RMB business. In 1999, the GDP of the Pudong New Area came to 80 billion yuan, and

neg: Hong Kong–Pakistan relations cover the whole Belt and Road region, as well as to allocate $200 million to support the professional services sector in launching publicity and arranging exchanges and co-operation with the Belt and Road countries; launch a Belt and Road Portal; and set up Belt and Road Steering Committee and Office. Hong Kong has a strong presence in the development of Pakistani strategic coastal economic plans. Gwadar Special Economic Zone is located near a 2,282 acre free trade area in Gwadar which is being modelled on the lines of the Special Economic Zones of China. The swathe of land was handed

neg: Administration in Karnali Pradesh Administration in Karnali Pradesh Karnali Pradesh is a province of Nepal. It is located in western part of Nepal, surrounded by Gandaki Pradesh in east, Province No. 5 in south-east, Province No. 7 in west and Tibet of China in north. Previously, Karnali Pradesh was a development region of Nepal, which known as Mid-Western Development Region. The Mid-Western Development Region comprised three zones and 15 districts. Districts were divided into Municipalities and Villages. Karnali is divided into 10 districts and districts are subdivided into Municipalities. Karnali is divided into 10 districts. There are 25 municipalities in Karnali Pradesh, which is

neg: Science and technology in China strong effect but have also been involved in scandals, corruption and fraud. They have been accused mainly of producing derivative works rather than driving innovation and it has been claimed that they ignore merit in selecting projects in favor of cronyism. China is trying to improve their efficiencyt hrough measures such as more peer-review and evaluations. Based on the success of the Special Economic Zones of the People's Republic of China, China has created Economic and Technological Development Zones. They have the purposes of building up high-tech industries, attracting foreign investment, increasing exports, and improve the regional economy. They are

neg: Free economic zone Free economic zone Free economic zones (FEZ), free economic territories (FETs) or free zones (FZ) are a class of special economic zone (SEZ) designated by the trade and commerce administrations of various countries. The term is used to designate areas in which companies are taxed very lightly or not at all to encourage economic activity. The taxation rules are determined by each country. The World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (SCM) has content on the conditions and benefits of free zones. Some special economic zones are called free ports. Sometimes they have historically been endowed with

neg: South Central Coast are more dispersed, such as construction materials and basic food processing. New industrial centers are currently being developed in the economic zones: Chu Lai Economic Zone in southern Quảng Nam, nearby Dung Quat Economic Zone (with Dung Quất Refinery) in northern Quảng Ngãi Province, Nhơn Hội Economic Zone in Qui Nhơn, and Van Phong Economic Zone in northern Khánh Hòa Province. All four zones have large areas of land, major infrastructure and industrial projects. However, in contrast to the smaller industrial parks, they are not limited to industrial sectors. Vietnam's main north-south transport corridors run through the whole South Central

neg: Special economic zone Special economic zone A special economic zone (SEZ) is an area in which business and trade laws are different from the rest of the country. SEZs are located within a country's national borders, and their aims include: increased trade, increased investment, job creation and effective administration. To encourage businesses to set up in the zone, financial policies are introduced. These policies typically regard investing, taxation, trading, quotas, customs and labour regulations. Additionally, companies may be offered tax holidays, where upon establishing in a zone they are granted a period of lower taxation. The creation of special economic zones by the

neg: Shuyang Economic and Technological Development Zone Shuyang Economic and Technological Development Zone Shuyang Economic and Technological Development Zone (沭阳经济技术开发区) is an area of the Shuyang County, Jiangsu Province, China. It is one of China National Economic and Technological Development Zones with an area of 24.5 km. Founded in August 2001, the Shuyang Economic Development Zone is a significant portion in the industrial sector of Shuyang. In December 2013, it has been upgraded to one of China National Economic and Technological Development Zones and the name of the development zone has been changed to Shuyang Economic and Technological Development Zone (SETDZ). SETDZ is noted for the machinery,

neg: Special economic zones of China the total industrial output value, 145 billion yuan. In May 2010, the PRC designated the city of Kashgar in Xinjiang a SEZ. Kashgar's annual growth rate was 17.4 percent in 2009, and Kashgar's designation has since increased tourism and real estate prices in the city. Kashgar is close to China's border with the independent states of former Soviet Central Asia and the SEZ seeks to capitalize on international trade links between China and those states. As part of its economic reforms and policy of opening to the world, between 1980 and 1984 China established special economic zones (SEZs) in Shantou,

neg: China–Vietnam relations power in the 21st century has led to an increase of foreign investments in the bamboo network, a network of overseas Chinese businesses operating in the markets of Southeast Asia that share common family and cultural ties. Vietnam's exports to China include crude oil, coal, coffee and food, while China exports pharmaceuticals, machinery, petroleum, fertilizers and automobile parts to Vietnam. China has become Vietnam's second-largest trading partner and the largest source of imports. Both nations are working to establish an "economic corridor" from China's Yunnan province to Vietnam's northern provinces and cities, and similar economic zones linking China's Guangxi province

neg: Special economic zone single management/administration; eligibility for benefits based upon physical location within the zone; separate customs area (duty-free benefits) and streamlined procedures." Free zones and Entrepôts have been used for centuries to guarantee free storage and exchange along trade routes. Modern SEZs appeared from the late 1950s in industrial countries. The first was in Shannon Airport in Clare, Ireland. From the 1970s onward, zones providing labour-intensive manufacturing have been established, starting in Latin America and East Asia. The first in China following the opening of China in 1979 by Deng Xiaoping was the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, which encouraged foreign investment and

neg: Laguna (province) producing of fish. Carp and tilapia fingerlings are also being grown in inland ponds and freshwater fish pens. There are a total of 457 operators utilizing an area of for fish pens and fish cages. Aside from the Laguna de Bay, approximately 12% of the area in the Seven Lakes of San Pablo is being used for aquaculture. Laguna is home to twenty-one economic zones as registered under the Philippine Economic Zone Authority. Most of these economic zones are located in Santa Rosa, Biñan, and Calamba. The largest economic zone in Laguna is the Laguna Technopark, located in Santa Rosa

neg: Economy of Hyderabad growth of IT and electronic hardware manufacturing in 50,000 acres in and around Hyderabad. The project which is modeled along the lines of Shenzhen SEZ in China, is aimed at attracting an investment of Rs 2.19 trillion ($44 billion) in the IT, ITES and electronics sectors and providing direct employment to 1.5 million people. Under the mega project, special economic zones (SEZs), industrial parks, free trade zones, warehousing zones and export-oriented units would come up in three corridors around the city which includes the areas Madhapur, Gachibowli, Uppal, Mamidipalli, Raviryal, Adibatla and Maheswaram, and Pocharam. The Government proposed to develop

neg: Special Economic Zones in Russia Special Economic Zones in Russia The Special Economic Zones in Russia are established by the Russian government to attract foreign direct investment. The privileges of special economic zones last for 49 years, and offer their residents a special legal status resulting in a number of tax and customs preferences. Russia has eighteen federal special economic zones (SEZs) and several regional projects. Federal SEZs in Russia are regulated by Federal Law "# 116 FZ" issued on July 22, 2005. There are MNCs among investors to Russia's SEZ, such as Yokohama, Cisco, Isuzu, Air Liquide, Bekaert, Rockwool and many others. Federal Law

neg: Administration in Karnali Pradesh also known as Urban Municipality. There are 54 rural municipality in Karnali Pradesh: Administration in Karnali Pradesh Karnali Pradesh is a province of Nepal. It is located in western part of Nepal, surrounded by Gandaki Pradesh in east, Province No. 5 in south-east, Province No. 7 in west and Tibet of China in north. Previously, Karnali Pradesh was a development region of Nepal, which known as Mid-Western Development Region. The Mid-Western Development Region comprised three zones and 15 districts. Districts were divided into Municipalities and Villages. Karnali is divided into 10 districts and districts are subdivided into Municipalities. Karnali is

neg: Visa policy of China enter China from Guilin Liangjiang International Airport. They may not visit other cities within Guangxi or other parts of Mainland China. Non visa-exempt ASEAN countries are: Visitors from most countries may obtain an entry visa when traveling to and staying solely in the three Special Economic Zones: Shenzhen, Zhuhai and Xiamen. Visitors can only stay within these cities and cannot proceed further into other parts of Mainland China. Visas for Shenzhen are valid for 5 days, and visas for Xiamen and Zhuhai are valid for 3 days. The duration of stay starts from the next day of arrival. The visa

neg: Urban enterprise zone United States. In other countries, regions with similar economic policies are often referred as export-procession zones, tax and duty-free zones, and Special Economic Zones (SEZs) most predominantly present in China and India. The 1970s witnessed a shift in city planning, leaving behind post-war Keynesian policies and entering an era of growth machine. Urban planning had thrived during the 1950s and 1960s. Planning was fostered by a period of constant economic and physical growth. The economic recession of the 1970s and 1980s was compelled to transform the nature of urban planning. This shift was especially marked in the UK, when the

neg: Economy of Kochi university in India exclusively dedicated to studies in fisheries and allied disciplines is also located in the city. There are four special economic zones (SEZs) in the city, Cochin Special Economic Zone, InfoPark and SmartCity in Kakkanad, and Puthuvype in Vypin. Electronic City is a proposed SEZ for electronic hardware manufacturing to be built in Kalamassery by NeST Infratech. Union Government establishments like the Coconut Development Board, the Coir Board and the Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA) have head offices located in the city. Kochi is the seat of the High Court of Kerala, the highest court of Kerala

neg: Cayman Enterprise City Cayman Enterprise City Cayman Enterprise City is a development project which consists of three special economic zones focused on attracting knowledge-based and specialized-services businesses to set up a physical presence in the Cayman Islands. It is a government initiative that has been outsourced to Cayman Enterprise City, a privately owned development company. To facilitate the development of special economic zones in the Cayman Islands, special economic zones laws were enacted in September 2011 and February 2012. The government established the Special Economic Zone Authority ("SEZA") as the licensing and regulatory body. The Cayman Islands is an international finance center and

neg: Xiamen the American embassy. When Deng Xiaoping initiated his Opening Up Policy, Xiamen was made one of the first four special economic zones in 1980, with special investment and trade regulations attracting foreign investment, particularly from overseas Chinese. The city grew and prospered. On 18 April 1988, Xiamen was promoted to sub-provincial status and began to be specially considered in China's state planning. In 2001, the governments of mainland China and Taiwan agreed to initiate the "Three Mini-Links" and restored ferry, commercial, and mail links between the mainland and offshore islands. Trade and travel between Xiamen and Jinmen was restored and

neg: Rason Special Economic Zone Rason Special Economic Zone The Rason Special Economic Zone, earlier called the Rajin-Sonbong Economic Special Zone, was established in 1992 by the North Korean government near Rason to promote economic growth through foreign investment. It is similar to the Special Economic Zones set up by the People's Republic of China and elsewhere to pilot market economics in a designated controlled area. It is near the border with China and Russia and is a warm-water port for both countries. Chinese and Russian companies have invested in the economic zone. Mongolia has joined recently, and the use of foreign currency is permitted.

neg: History of trade of the People's Republic of China Mao Zedong and pressure from the Gang of Four, whose members opposed reliance on foreign technology, brought another decline in trade. Beginning in the late 1970s, China reversed the Maoist economic development strategy and, by the early 1980s, had committed itself to a policy of being more open to the outside world and widening foreign economic relations and trade. The opening up policy led to the reorganization and decentralization of foreign trade institutions, the adoption of a legal framework to facilitate foreign economic relations and trade, direct foreign investment, the creation of special economic zones, the rapid expansion of foreign

neg: Rason Special Economic Zone Chongjin Port (handling capacity of 8 million tons). Chinese companies operate two piers at the port, for coal export and for containers. A Russian company operates a third pier. Rason Special Economic Zone The Rason Special Economic Zone, earlier called the Rajin-Sonbong Economic Special Zone, was established in 1992 by the North Korean government near Rason to promote economic growth through foreign investment. It is similar to the Special Economic Zones set up by the People's Republic of China and elsewhere to pilot market economics in a designated controlled area. It is near the border with China and Russia and

neg: Free economic zone jurisdiction of any State is incompatible with the status of the Free Territory and of the Free Port"". For example, it is not possible to apply the "Italian Law on Ports" in the extraterritorial free zones of the UN Free Port of Trieste with the effect that all actual territorial concessions are null and void. Bangladesh Export Processing Zone Authority Qatar has free zones and Special Economic Zones with differing laws on taxation and corporate ownership In Russia there are only Special Economic Zones Technical/Innovational Zones Industrial/developmental Zones Tourist Zones Free economic zone Free economic zones (FEZ), free economic territories

neg: Visakhapatnam Special Economic Zone Visakhapatnam Special Economic Zone Visakhapatnam Special Economic Zone (VSEZ), also called the Andhra Pradesh First Economic Zone, is one of the central government special economic zones in India. VSEZ is located in Duvvada, 20 km away from the Visakhapatnam. The zone originated in 1989, when it was named VEPZ (Visakhpatnam Export Processing Zone). It was changed to the Visakapatnam Special Economic Zone on 1 January 2003. The zone consists of an area of 360 acres. The Development Commissioner, the administrative head of the zone, is also the head of all 53 special economic zones in Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and the

neg: Special Economic Zones in Russia "# 116 FZ" was issued on July 22, 2005 to regulate SEZs. Open joint-stock company OSJC "Special Economic Zones" was founded in 2006 to accumulate and implement world's best practices in developing and managing SEZ and promote Foreign direct investment (FDI) in the Russian economy. It is fully owned and funded by the Russian state. It managed fifteen to-be federal SEZs. As of March 2010, Russia's federal SEZs host 207 investors from eighteen countries. List of special economic zones in Russia as of 2017: Special Economic Zones in Russia The Special Economic Zones in Russia are established by the Russian

neg: Mining in the Republic of the Congo economic diversification strategy, the government created four special economic zones, including the Pointe-Noire Special Economic Zone, located on the coast at Point Indienne, in support of developing petrochemical, iron and steel, and mining activities. In 2008 the Bureau d’Expertise, d’Evaluation et de Certification des Substances Minérales Précieuses (Bureau for Assay, Evaluation and Certification of Precious Minerals) was established with the aim of facilitating control over the scattered artisanal alluvial diamond extraction operations. Sassou, the current president, has repeatedly stated he wants to build a lucrative mining industry, unlike that of the neighboring DRC, which is plagued by corruption and mismanagement.

neg: The Economic Observer The Economic Observer The Economic Observer () is an independent, weekly simplified-character Chinese newspaper published in the People's Republic of China since April 2001. The newspaper is considered by many people to be one of the top three economic-focused newspapers in China and is well regarded for its in-depth special features and commentary. Inspired by the British "Financial Times", as of September 2001, the Economic Observer has also been printed on salmon/peach-colored paper. Although the newspaper's editorial offices are based in Beijing, the newspaper is actually registered in Ji'nan, the capital of Shandong province. The Economic Observer Online was relaunched

neg: Special economic zones of China goods, the five SEZs are foreign trade-oriented areas which integrate science, industry and innovation with trade. Foreign firms benefit from preferential policies such as lower tax rates, reduced regulations and special managerial systems. In 1999, Shenzhen's new-and high-tech industry reached an output value of high-tech products of 81.98 billion yuan, making up 40.5% of the city's total industrial output value. Since its founding in 1992, the Shanghai Pudong New Area has made progress in both absorbing foreign capital and accelerating the economic development of the Yangtze River valley. The government has extended special preferential policies to the Pudong New Area

neg: Economic and Technological Development Zones reason that Hong Kong is a free trade market. Based on the case in Shenzhen, its problem with being one of the economic zones can be categorized in four category 1) Foreign exchange leakage,2) Cost ineffectivness, 3) Failure to achieve state objectives and 4) Economic crimes and related social problems. China has been among the top targets of global investment for more than two decades. In the new age of global recession, China keeps a stable growth rate, thanks to the inexpensive labor, stable government, preferable tax rate and government's support to foreign investment. In 2006, there are now 49

neg: Dalian Development Area Dalian Development Area Dalian Development Area (DDA; KaiFaQu ) is located in Jinzhou District, Dalian, Liaoning province, China as the first Economic and Technological Development Zones nationwide in 1984. Kaifaqu was established in September, 1984 under the former name of Dalian Economic and technological Development Zone () or Dalian Development Zone (DDZ). The new name has been in place for several years, due to the much extended range of the territory including the Dalian Free Trade Zone () to the south and Dalian DD Port () to the east. The new name also reflects increased economic prosperity. Now Kaifaqu is

neg: China–Pakistan Economic Corridor China–Pakistan Economic Corridor China–Pakistan Economic Corridor CPEC) is a collection of infrastructure projects that are currently under construction throughout Pakistan. Originally valued at $46 billion, the value of CPEC projects is worth $62 billion as of 2017. CPEC is intended to rapidly modernize Pakistani infrastructure and strengthen its economy by the construction of modern transportation networks, numerous energy projects, and special economic zones. On 13 November 2016, CPEC became partly operational when Chinese cargo was transported overland to Gwadar Port for onward maritime shipment to Africa and West Asia, while some major power projects were commissioned by late 2017. A

neg: Xiamen University of Technology Xiamen University of Technology Xiamen University of Technology (XMUT; ) is a provincial public university located in Xiamen, Fujian province, China. Founded in 1981, at around the same time as the Xiamen Special Economic Zone, it was originally known as Lujiang Industrial University. the university status was conferred by Xi Jinping, current General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, when he was Governor of Fujian Province. It is a public university which since 2013 has been jointly administered by Xiamen City Government and Fujian Provincial Government, at which time it was also designated a "key provincial university". The university

neg: Xiasha District Xiasha District Xiasha District (Chinese: , , "Xiàshā Qū", "Lower Sands District") is an industrial and educational center, located about east of central Hangzhou, the capital of Zhejiang province in the People's Republic of China. Although called a district, it is actually administered as a subdistrict of Hangzhou's Jianggan District. This area is included is part of the Yangtze River Delta region, which includes Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang Provinces. Xiasha is also called HEDA, which stands for the Hangzhou Economic and Technological Development Area. The area was founded in 1993 as one of China's first state level development zones. The

neg: Alain Akouala Atipault the personality of Nelson Mandela," and condemned it as a commercial concern linked with "savage capitalism and international finance." As Minister for Special Economic Zones, Akouala Atipault was responsible for the implementation of four special economic zones at Ouesso, Oyo–Ollombo, Brazzaville, and Pointe-Noire. He visited Mauritius for a week in late 2013, and in a subsequent interview he discussed the importance of developing a partnership between the two countries and learning from the economic experience of Mauritius. He also discussed the need to diversify Congo-Brazzaville's economy beyond its reliance on oil through the development of the special economic zones. Speaking

neg: Qinghai (excluding the autonomous regions). Qinghai Lake is the largest salt water lake in China, and the second largest in the world. The Qaidam basin lies in the northwest part of the province. About a third of this resource rich basin is desert. The basin has an altitude between 3000 and 3500 meters. The Sanjiangyuan National Nature Reserve, is located in Qinghai and contains the headwaters of the Yellow River, Yangtze River, and Mekong River. The reserve was established to protect the headwaters of these three rivers and consists of 18 subareas, each containing three zones which are managed with differing

neg: Guba-Khachmaz economic region Guba-Khachmaz economic region Guba – Khachmaz economic region is situated in the north of Absheron, starting from the shores of the Caspian Sea to the Greater Caucasus mountains, in the north-east of Azerbaijan. Administrative districts of the economic region include Shabran, Khachmaz, Guba, Gusar, and Siyazan. The territory of the region is 6,96 thousand km . It covers 8,8 % of area of the country. The territory is divided into four zones: plains, foothills, middle and high mountains. The climate of the region has special topographic characteristic with four different zones. Clime types are divided into hot in the plain

neg: Special economic zones of China "dragon head." Since 1992, the State Council has opened a number of border cities, and in addition, opened all the capital cities of inland provinces and autonomous regions. In addition, 15 free trade zones, 32 state-level economic and technological development zones, and 53 new and high-tech industrial development zones have been established in large and medium-sized cities. As these open areas adopt different preferential policies, they play the dual roles of "windows" in developing the foreign-oriented economy, generating foreign exchanges through exporting products and importing advanced technologies and of "radiators" in accelerating inland economic development. Primarily geared to exporting processed

neg: Gwadar The city will also be the site of a floating liquefied natural gas facility that will be built as part of the larger $2.5 billion Gwadar-Nawabshah segment of the Iran–Pakistan gas pipeline project. In addition to investments directly under the aegis of CPEC in Gwadar city, the China Overseas Port Holding Company in June 2016 began construction on the $2 billion Gwadar Special Economic Zone, which is being modelled on the lines of the Special Economic Zones of China. In September 2016 the Gwadar Development Authority published a request for tenders for the preparation of expropriation and resettlement of Old

neg: Nanjing in southern China, and only Tibet and Hainan Island were left. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China in October 1949, Nanjing was initially a province-level municipality, but it was soon merged into Jiangsu province and again became the provincial capital by replacing Zhenjiang which was transferred in 1928, and retains that status to this day. Nanjing, with a total land area of , is situated in the heartland of the drainage area of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and in the Yangtze River Delta, one of the largest economic zones of China. The Yangtze River

neg: Germany–Pakistan relations main exports to Pakistan are machinery and chemical products. Furthermore, around 30 German companies are operating in Pakistan – not only large firms but also small and medium-sized enterprises. On August, 2014 German Ambassador in Pakistan Dr Cyrill Nunn informed Finance Minister Senator Ishaq Dar in order to foster economic energies German businessmen were launching ‘Pakistan Gate’ in Berlin on August 24, 2014 which would provide business contacts between the two countries. In November 2018, Pakistan proposed China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) partnership to Germany. Pakistan offered German companies to invest in the Special Economic Zones (SEZs) of CPEC, the landmark

neg: United States of China with federalists from all parts of the country (New York Times June 27, 1922). The introduction of Special Economic Zones since the 1980s have led to the development of several distinct regional economies within the People's Republic of China, such as the Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta, and the Bohai Circle. Several of these regions have economies the size of small developed nations. Some scholars who use the term United States of China argue that during the process of Chinese economic reform the People's Republic has evolved into a de facto federal state in which these economic regions have

neg: Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office The Hong Kong Economic and Trade Offices (HKETOs) () are the trade offices of Hong Kong outside the territory. There are 12 HKETOs outside the Greater China Region, and eight in the Greater China Region (one in Taiwan, four offices and three liaison units in Mainland China). In addition to HKETOs, the Hong Kong Government has an office in Beijing, the capital of China called the Office of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in Beijing. Hong Kong has full autonomy in the conduct of its external commercial relations. The Basic

neg: Dalian Development Area has started service in December 2008 and to Lüshun is in the plan. Dalian Development Area Dalian Development Area (DDA; KaiFaQu ) is located in Jinzhou District, Dalian, Liaoning province, China as the first Economic and Technological Development Zones nationwide in 1984. Kaifaqu was established in September, 1984 under the former name of Dalian Economic and technological Development Zone () or Dalian Development Zone (DDZ). The new name has been in place for several years, due to the much extended range of the territory including the Dalian Free Trade Zone () to the south and Dalian DD Port () to

neg: Xi Zhongxun a 'special zone'." Deng added, "The Central Government has no funds, but we can give you some favorable policies." Borrowing a phrase from their guerrilla war days, Deng told Xi, "You have to find a way, to fight a bloody path out." Xi submitted a formal proposal on the creation of special zones, later renamed special economic zones and in July 1979, the party center and State Council approved the creation of the first four special economic zones. In 1981, Xi returned to Beijing and was elected the deputy chair of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and

neg: Xuanwu District, Nanjing Xuanwu District, Nanjing Xuanwu District () is one of 11 districts of Nanjing, the capital of Jiangsu province, China. Xuanwu District is an urban centre located in the north-eastern part of Nanjing. It is the site of the Nanjing Municipal Government. Xuanwu has administrative jurisdiction over the following 7 subdistricts: The main industries in the district are the leisure and tourism, information technology, retail and services. Its economy is primarily based upon the delivery of services. Industry zones include the Changjiang Road Cultural Area, Xinjiekou Central Economic Area, and Xuzhuang Software Industry Base. The district has attracted multi-national corporations, such

neg: China–Pakistan Economic Corridor was completed and inaugurated in February 2016 by Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif. The Western Alignment will be flanked by special economic zones along its route, with at least seven special economic zones planned to be established in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The 184 kilometre long M-4 Motorway between Faisalabad and Multan does not fall under the scope of CPEC projects, but is nevertheless considered vital to the CPEC transportation project. It will instead be financed by the Asian Development Bank and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, and will be the first project jointly financed by those banks. Further funding comes from an

neg: Shuyang Economic and Technological Development Zone Shuyang's urban area. As the expansion of the city, SETDZ has surrounded by the metropolitan area from 2005. Critics believe SETDZ is the main polluter to the city. Shuyang Economic and Technological Development Zone Shuyang Economic and Technological Development Zone (沭阳经济技术开发区) is an area of the Shuyang County, Jiangsu Province, China. It is one of China National Economic and Technological Development Zones with an area of 24.5 km. Founded in August 2001, the Shuyang Economic Development Zone is a significant portion in the industrial sector of Shuyang. In December 2013, it has been upgraded to one of China National Economic

neg: Zhengzhou Conference and Exhibition Center. Third party logistics (3PL) in Zhengzhou has also been experiencing industrial boom during the past few years. As a transit and tourist center of Henan Province and central China, Zhengzhou is the center of Henan cuisine. The Zhengdong New Area (), literally Eastern Zhengzhou New Area, similar to Hangzhou Bay New Area in Ningbo and Hengqin New Area in Zhuhai, is one of dozens of major economic zones that are currently developing in various regions of China. Established in 2003 by the provincial and municipal governments, it has become the financial center of Henan province and

neg: Alabuga Special Economic Zone Alabuga Special Economic Zone Alabuga () is a special economic zone of an industrial and production type located in a 20 km² area in the Yelabuzhsky District of the Republic of Tatarstan in the Kama Innovative Territorial Production Cluster 10 km from Yelabuga, 25 km from Naberezhnye Chelny, 40 km from Nizhnekamsk and 210 km from the regional center — Kazan. The shareholders of the management company of the SEZ "Alabuga" are the Russian Federation through the JSC "Special Economic Zones" with 100% state participation (66%) and the Ministry of Land and Property of the Republic of Tatarstan (34%). As

neg: Pakistan-China Fiber Optic Project Pakistan Economic Corridor. Placement of the line will take an estimated 2 years, and will bring 3G and 4G connectivity to the Gilgit-Baltistan region. The line will connect the Transit Europe-Asia Terrestrial Cable Network with that of Pakistan, which currently transmits its telecom and internet traffic through four undersea fiber optic cables, with another three undersea fiber optic cables under construction. 466.54 kilometers of the route will be located in Gilgit-Baltistan, while 287.66 kilometers will be laid in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, 47.56 kilometers will be in Punjab province, and 18.2 kilometers in Islamabad Capital Territory. The project is financed by

neg: Rural society in China of residents of rural areas are unemployed or underemployed. The development of Special Economic Zones also spurred rural growth in some parts of China. In 2013, China announced a new plan to reduce poverty and develop impoverished rural regions by raising rural farmers' income growth and reducing obstacles in agricultural development. The plan includes the promotion of new types of agricultural businesses, such as family farms and organized cooperatives, and encouraging industrial and commercial enterprises to invest in agriculture. The first major action to alter village society was the land reform of the late 1940s and early 1950s, in which

neg: Special economic zones of China Pearl River Delta, and Guangxi autonomous region. In 1990, the Chinese government decided to open the Pudong New Area in Shanghai to overseas investment, as well as more cities in the Yang Zi River Valley. Since 1992, the State Council has opened a number of border cities and all the capital cities of inland provinces and autonomous regions. In addition, 15 free-trade zones, 32 state-level economic and technological development zones, and 53 new and high-tech industrial development zones have been established in large and medium-sized cities. As a result, a multilevel diversified pattern of opening and integrating coastal areas with

neg: Baoding national significance following the Shenzhen special economic zone and Shanghai Pudong New Area. Baoding is located in the west-central portion of Hebei province and lies on the North China Plain, with the Taihang Mountains to the west. Bordering prefecture-level cities in the province are Zhangjiakou to the north, Langfang and Cangzhou to the east, and Shijiazhuang and Hengshui to the south. Baoding also borders Beijing to the northeast and Shanxi to the west. Elevations in Baoding's administrative area decrease from northwest to southeast. The western parts are dominated by mountains and hills that are generally more than tall; this area

neg: Skopje plants are located there, and also the Skopje Brewery. Other zones are located between Aerodrom and Kisela Voda, along the railway to Greece. These zones comprise Alkaloid Skopje (pharmaceuticals), Rade Končar (electrical supplies), Imperial Tobacco, and Ohis (fertilisers). Two special economic zones also exist, around the airport and the Okta refinery. They have attracted several foreign companies, such as Johnson Controls, Johnson Matthey and Van Hool. As the financial capital of the Republic of Macedonia, Skopje is the seat of the Macedonian Stock Exchange, of the National Bank and of most of the Macedonian banking, insurance and telecommunication companies, such

neg: Cayman Enterprise City tourist destination, and Cayman Enterprise City was developed to expand and diversify the economy by attracting new knowledge-based industries to the islands. A further objective was to create new technology-focused careers and to transfer knowledge to locals. Cayman Enterprise City has strategic partnerships with the Cayman Islands Government, The National Workforce Development Agency, and the University College of the Cayman Islands. The zones offer a number of benefits to companies located within, including several concessions and special treatment by Government: Cayman Enterprise City consists of three special economic zones. Since its launch in February 2012, the Cayman Enterprise City special

neg: Shenyang banks and bank branches and 144 insurance-related companies. By 2010, it aims to attract 30 foreign banks and 60 non-bank financial institutions. The city has been identified by the Economist Intelligence Unit in the November 2010 Access China White Paper as a member of the CHAMPS (Chongqing, Hefei, Anshan, Maanshan, Pingdingshan and Shenyang), an economic profile of the top 20 emerging cities in China. Shenyang has three development zones: Numerous major industrial companies have their headquarters in Shenyang. Brilliance Auto is a major Chinese automobile manufacturer, and most of its production plants are also located in Shenyang. Shenyang Aircraft Corporation

neg: Provinces of China Provinces of China Provincial-level administrative divisions () or first-level administrative divisions (), are the highest-level Chinese administrative divisions. There are 34 such divisions, classified as 23 provinces (), four municipalities, five autonomous regions, and two Special Administrative Regions. All but Taiwan Province and a small fraction of Fujian Province (currently administered by the Republic of China) are controlled by the People's Republic of China. Note that every province (except Hong Kong and Macau, the two special administrative regions) has a Communist Party of China provincial committee (), headed by a secretary (). The committee secretary is effectively in charge of

neg: Lianyungang is listed as one of three special development zones. Near the Lianyun-Ports, the Tianwan Nuclear Power Plant is one of the biggest nuclear power plants in China, with two operational units and six more planned. Donghai County has 70% of the national reserve of natural crystal, and is manufacturing 80% of China’s crystal products. Lianyungang Economic & Technological Development Zone (LETDZ) was approved by the State Council as one of the first batch of state-level development zones in December 1984. It is in the eastern new seashore urban area of Liangyungang City. The distance to nearest airport, Liangyungang Airport is