query: where did many of the hessians settle after the revolutionary war

pos: Hessian (soldier) the colony from American privateers, such as when they responded to the Raid on Lunenburg (1782). They were led by Baron Oberst Franz Carl Erdmann von Seitz. About 30,000 Germans served in the Americas, and, after the war ended in 1783, some 17,313 returned to their German homelands. Of the 12,526 who did not return, about 7,700 had died. Some 1,200 were killed in action, and 6,354 died from illness or accidents, mostly the former. Approximately 5,000 German troops settled in North America, either the United States or Canada. Four thousand five hundred of them, mainly press-ganged, settled in United

pos: Prisoners of war in the American Revolutionary War and by high-ranking captured British officials to dissuade troops from deserting, but it largely failed. Many of the prisoners who escaped captivity took American women with them and reared families. A large number of Hessians remained in the US after the war was over because they married American women. Between the time of the Siege of Yorktown (1781) and the signing of the Treaty of Paris (1783), many of the convention troops, by then mostly Germans, escaped and took up permanent residence in the United States. The American government did not have the means to prevent this. The two other

pos: Sierra Leone Creole people fought for the British in the Revolutionary War. The Crown had offered slaves freedom who left rebel masters, and thousands joined the British lines. The British resettled 3,000 of the African Americans in Nova Scotia, where many found the climate and racial discrimination harsh. More than 1200 volunteered to settle in the new colony of Freetown, which was established by British abolitionists. In 1800, the British also transported 550 Maroons, militant escaped slaves from Jamaica, to Sierra Leone. After Britain and the United States abolished the international African slave trade beginning in 1808, they patrolled off the continent to intercept

pos: Diplomacy in the American Revolutionary War the conflict among the belligerent nations of Europe. America remained neutral until 1812, did business with both sides, and was harassed by both sides. George Washington appointed John Quincy Adams United States Ambassador to the Netherlands in 1794, and to Portugal in 1796. In 1795, the United States signed the Jay Treaty with Britain which averted war, and led to a decade of peaceful trade, but failed to settle neutrality issues. The British eventually evacuated the Western forts, with boundary lines and debts (in both directions), settled by arbitration. The treaty was barely approved by the Senate (1795) after revision,

pos: Diplomacy in the American Revolutionary War such as blocking the passage of Hessians. However, British trade was too important to lose, and there was risk of attack from Austria, so he pursued a peace policy and officially maintained strict neutrality. Spain was willing to make war on Britain, but pulled back from full-scale support of the American cause because it intensely disliked republicanism, which was a threat to its Latin American Empire. In December 1776, Benjamin Franklin was dispatched to France as commissioner for the United States. Franklin remained in France until 1785. The Staten Island Peace Conference was a brief and unsuccessful meeting designed to

pos: Williamstown, New York of those under age 18 and 13.9% of those age 65 or over. Williamstown, New York Williamstown is a town in Oswego County, New York, United States. The population was 1,277 at the 2010 census. The Town of Williamstown is on the county's east border. After the Revolutionary War Williamstown, New York did not exist until plans were made to settle west of the Hudson River. In 1791 Nicholas and John Roosevelt purchased 525,000 that covered most of Oswego, Oneida, and a small chunk of Herkimer Counties known as the Roosevelt purchase. In 1794 it was then purchased by George

pos: Williamstown, New York Williamstown, New York Williamstown is a town in Oswego County, New York, United States. The population was 1,277 at the 2010 census. The Town of Williamstown is on the county's east border. After the Revolutionary War Williamstown, New York did not exist until plans were made to settle west of the Hudson River. In 1791 Nicholas and John Roosevelt purchased 525,000 that covered most of Oswego, Oneida, and a small chunk of Herkimer Counties known as the Roosevelt purchase. In 1794 it was then purchased by George Scriba, which then became the Scriba Patent. Scriba then broke up most of

pos: Kingston, Ontario could proceed, although the planning of the layout of the townsite had not waited for the completion of the negotiations. The area was surveyed, and the survey report mentioned the area was deemed to have productive lands, abundant resources, a good harbour and an existing townsite. These requirements were considered ideal to settle the Loyalists. Many Loyalist refugees had at first settled on Carleton Island, and operated businesses there. When the Island was ceded to the United States after the Revolutionary War, these Loyalists, along with their businesses, relocated to Cataraqui. Notable Loyalists who settled in the Cataraqui area include

pos: Cabarrus County, North Carolina brought over by British troops to fight against rebellious colonists in the American Revolution. Reed deserted, as did many other Hessians. He traveled from Georgia to North Carolina, where he settled in an ethnic German community sometime around 1787 and began farming. Reed first developed placer mining on his property, then underground mining, and became wealthy from the gold. His facility became known as Reed's Gold Mine. Large amounts of gold were being discovered at the Reed Gold Mine and in other mines in the United States; these mine owners began to use their gold to create currency. In order

pos: Land grant for 160 acres, were issued to United States military veterans from 1775 to 1855, thus including veterans of the American Revolutionary War, War of 1812 and the Mexican–American War as well as various Indian wars. The land grants helped settle the Northwest Territory (and later smaller units such as the Ohio Territory, Indiana Territory, Illinois Territory and Wisconsin Territory) and as well as the Platte Purchase in Missouri. Eligibility for the warrants expanded over the years through new Congressional acts of 1842, 1850, 1852, and 1855 to the point where they could be sold or could be handed out to

pos: Medway, Ohio the Miami River, and the Miami, the Ohio River thereto." Medway was therefore of strategic importance and, as such, the federal government encouraged many veterans to use their war pensions to settle in the area; descendents of several of these Revolutionary war families reside in the village. Medway was platted in 1816, and named for being the midway point between Springfield and Dayton. A post office called Medway has been in operation since 1850. Medway, Ohio Medway is an unincorporated community in Bethel Township, Clark County, Ohio, United States. It is part of the Springfield, Ohio Metropolitan Statistical Area. Near

neg: Germanton, North Carolina limits. Germanton was established in 1790 and is the oldest community in Stokes County. The town's original were part of a tract that was granted to Jacob Lash by the Earl of Granville in 1762. The 23 acres were deeded from brothers Michael and Henry Frey. The town was named after an influx of Germanic immigrants, who had served as veterans of the American Revolution, were given incentives to settle the area. These settlers included both Germans who fought against the crown, and Hessians who had been loyal to the crown. American Revolutionary War Major Joseph Winston, later a U.S.

neg: Hessian (soldier) States. Hessian (soldier) Hessians ( or ) were German soldiers who served as auxiliaries to the British Army during the American Revolutionary War. The Hessians were contracted by Great Britain and others as mercenaries in several 18th century European wars, but are most widely associated with the American Revolution, where around 30,000 German soldiers fought for the British during the war, forming a quarter of the troops sent to British America. The term "Hessians" is used by Americans to refer to all German troops fighting on the British side, a form of synecdoche as 65% of the German troops came

neg: Hessian (soldier) Hessian (soldier) Hessians ( or ) were German soldiers who served as auxiliaries to the British Army during the American Revolutionary War. The Hessians were contracted by Great Britain and others as mercenaries in several 18th century European wars, but are most widely associated with the American Revolution, where around 30,000 German soldiers fought for the British during the war, forming a quarter of the troops sent to British America. The term "Hessians" is used by Americans to refer to all German troops fighting on the British side, a form of synecdoche as 65% of the German troops came from

neg: Gloucester County, Virginia 1795. It is likely this area was called Guinea after being used as a landing site for importation of slaves from that area. At one time, the name was thought to have derived from the period of the American Revolutionary War. Loyalists quartered Hessian mercenaries here who were attached to Cornwallis' army; they were paid one guinea per day. The Hessians were thought to have occupied lower Gloucester during the closing days of the Revolutionary War, or to have settled here after deserting the British. Cornwallis sent British troops and cavalry to occupy Gloucester in October 1781; Hessians may have

neg: The Fighting Ground to the army camp. Since the Corporal murdered the boy's parents, he knew where the house was. As he leads the militia to the house, they force Jonathan to see if the Hessians were awake or asleep. He slips away and tries to help the Hessians escape. But he fails, and the Hessians lose their lives. Hessians The Fighting Ground The Fighting Ground is a 1984 young adult historical fiction novel written by Edward Irving Wortis, under his pen name, Avi. The book is about a 13-year-old boy named Jonathan who runs away to fight in the American Revolutionary War.

neg: Intelligence operations in the American Revolutionary War have been drafted by Thomas Jefferson, offering land grants to German deserters. It was translated into German and sent among the Hessians. Benjamin Franklin, who joined the committee to implement the operation, arranged for the leaflets to be disguised as tobacco packets to make sure they would fall into the hands of ordinary Hessian soldiers. Christopher Ludwick was dispatched by Washington into the enemy camp, posing as a deserter, to contact the Hessians and encourage them to defect. He is credited with the defection of "many hundred soldiers" from the German ranks. In 1777, after his arrival in France, Benjamin

neg: The Capture of the Hessians at Trenton, December 26, 1776 The Capture of the Hessians at Trenton, December 26, 1776 The Capture of the Hessians at Trenton, December 26, 1776 is the title of an oil painting by the American artist John Trumbull depicting the capture of the Hessian soldiers at the Battle of Trenton on the morning of December 26, 1776 during the American Revolutionary War. The focus is on General George Washington aiding the mortally wounded Hessian Colonel Johann Gottlieb Rall. Nearly 900 Hessians were captured at the battle. It is one of Trumbull's series of historical paintings on the war, which also includes the "Declaration of Independence"

neg: The Fighting Ground the Revolutionary War that his family is at first very encouraged about. His father used to help him train, but now after he returned from a battle with a wound in his leg, he is fearful and doesn’t want his son to leave. However, when the war bell rings he leaves anyway. He borrows a tavern owner’s gun and takes to a morning-long march to battle German Hessians. He ends up being taken, prisoner. The Hessians take him to an old house. Together they bury the two parents of a boy Jonathan finds. Then he escapes in the night back

neg: Hessian (soldier) at the interior city of Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Lancaster was a center for the Pennsylvania Dutch, who treated the German prisoners well. The Hessians responded favorably; some volunteered for extra work assignments, helping to replace local men serving in the Continental Army. After the war, many POWs never returned to Germany and instead accepted American offers of religious freedom and free land, becoming permanent settlers. By contrast, British prisoners were also held in Lancaster, but these men did not respond favorably to good treatment – they tried to escape. The Hessians served in Nova Scotia for five years (1778–1783). They protected

neg: Alexander White (Virginia) of Virginia in 1773. While White did not engage in military service during the American Revolutionary War, he remained active in the practice of law in Winchester throughout the war's duration. According to tradition, White facilitated the release of Quaker and Hessian civilian prisoners held by American Revolutionary patriots in a building in the southern part of Winchester. The Quakers and Hessians were imprisoned under the suspicion of their perceived support of British forces. The prisoners asked White to assist them with their release, and they paid him 100 Virginia pounds. Following the British retreat from the Philadelphia campaign, White

neg: Battle of Edgar's Lane Battle of Edgar's Lane The Battle of Edgar's Lane was a skirmish in the American Revolutionary War on September 30, 1778 between a force of 80 Hessians and 120 Continental dragoons under Major Henry Lee. The skirmish was fought in the village of Hastings-on-Hudson, New York. Peter Post, who owned Post's Tavern, heard word of a Hessian marauding party which would be coming through the next day. He sent word to the Continental troops, who organized a force of 120 dragoons to ambush the Hessians. When the Hessians rode through as expected the next day, Post directed them towards Edgar's

neg: Lake Champlain from the British posts at the northern end of the lake. With the end of the Revolutionary War in 1783, the British naval fleet on Lake Champlain retreated up to St. John’s. However, British troops garrisoned at Fort Dutchman's Point (North Hero, Vermont) and Fort au Fer (Champlain, New York) on Lake Champlain, did not leave until the 1796 Jay Treaty. Eager to take back control of Lake Champlain following the end of the Revolutionary War, Americans flocked to settle the Champlain Valley. Many individuals emigrated from Massachusetts and other New England colonies, such as Salmon Dutton, a settler of

neg: Battle of Edgar's Lane Lane, where the dragoons were hidden in the surrounding trees. When the Hessians rode through, the Continental dragoons fired a volley, killing some Hessians. The surviving Hessians ran towards the ravine on the Hudson River, the dragoons giving chase. Many Hessians fell down the ravine. Some Hessians were shot in the water, others drowned, and the rest were taken prisoner. In all, the Continental dragoons killed 23 Hessians, winning the skirmish, along with losing no men. Today, a plaque stands on the corner of Edgar's Lane and Broadway, Hastings-on-Hudson, New York, commemorating the battle. Part of the action of Austin

neg: British Army during the American Revolutionary War the war the Hessians continued to carry their colours on campaign, Major-General Baron Friedrich Wilhelm von Lossberg wrote; ""They [the British] have their colours with them only when quartered, while we carry them with us wherever the regiments go... the country is bad for fighting. Nothing worries me more than the colours, for the regiments cannot stay together in an attack because of the many walls, swamps, and stone cliffs. The English cannot lose their colours, for they do not carry them with them."" During the Saratoga campaign Baroness Riedesel, the wife of a German officer, saved the colours of

neg: Battle of Edgar's Lane Wright's novel Tony and Susan takes place on Edgar's Lane, and the battle is mentioned. Battle of Edgar's Lane The Battle of Edgar's Lane was a skirmish in the American Revolutionary War on September 30, 1778 between a force of 80 Hessians and 120 Continental dragoons under Major Henry Lee. The skirmish was fought in the village of Hastings-on-Hudson, New York. Peter Post, who owned Post's Tavern, heard word of a Hessian marauding party which would be coming through the next day. He sent word to the Continental troops, who organized a force of 120 dragoons to ambush the Hessians.

neg: Hesse in complete military formations to Great Britain to fight in North America during the American Revolutionary War, 1776–1783. These soldiers, commonly known as Hessians, fought under the British flag. The British used the Hessians in several conflicts, including in the Irish Rebellion of 1798. For further revenue, the soldiers were loaned to other places as well. Most were conscripted, with their pay going to the Landgrave. The ruler of Hesse-Kassel was elevated to the status of Prince-Elector in 1803, but this remained without effect, as the Holy Roman Empire was disbanded in 1806. The territory was annexed by Napoleon to

neg: 18th-century history of Germany began to acquire. In Hesse-Kassel, the Landgrave Frederick II ruled from 1760–1785 as an enlightened despot, and raised money by hiring soldiers (called "Hessians") to Great Britain to help fight the American Revolutionary War. He combined Enlightenment ideas with Christian values, cameralist plans for central control of the economy, and a militaristic approach to diplomacy. Hanover did not have to support a lavish court: its rulers were also kings of England and resided in London. George III, elector (ruler) from 1760 to 1820, never once visited Hanover. The local nobility who ran the country opened the University of Göttingen in

neg: British Army during the American Revolutionary War primarily recruited from Hesse-Cassel. Units were sent by Count William of Hesse-Hanau; Duke Charles I of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel; Prince Frederick of Waldeck; Margrave Karl Alexander of Ansbach-Bayreuth; and Prince Frederick Augustus of Anhalt-Zerbst. Approximately 9,000 Hessians arrived with Howe's army in 1776 and served with British forces through the campaigns in New York and New Jersey. In all 25,000 hired auxiliaries served with Britain in the various campaigns during the war. The German units were found to be different in tactics and approach to the regular British troops. Many British officers regarded the German regiments as slow in mobility, therefore British

neg: McGowan's Pass McGowns ran the Black Horse tavern until after the Revolutionary War. From 1776 until 1783, during the British occupation of New York, McGowan's Pass was a key high-ground position on the route between New York City to the south and Fort Knyphausen (Fort Washington) to the north. For most of this period, the area around the Pass was the site of a Hessian encampment. After the Treaty of Paris, British and Hessians marched through the Pass when evacuating north Manhattan; and George Washington likewise came through the Pass when he reentered New York on Evacuation Day, November 25, 1783. After

neg: Michael Antoine Garoutte forces. Garoutte later served on the brig-of-war "Enterprise" and sloop-of-war "Racehorse" as a naval officer in the American Continental Navy. Shortly after the Battle of Chestnut Neck Garoutte went to retrieve his friend who was hiding in an Inn and he was ambushed by 7 Hessians, the Hessians stabbed Garoutte with a bayonet and blunted his head leaving him for dead on the dirt road. He was assisted by Quakers who were secretly aiding the American Revolutionaries, saving his life. Garoutte returned to the Kingdom of France arriving in 1787 where he was given gifts by the King Louis XVI

neg: German Battalion German Battalion The German Battalion or German Regiment or 8th Maryland was an American infantry unit that served for about four and one-half years in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. Authorized in May 1776 as an Extra Continental regiment, the unit recruited ethnic Germans from Maryland and Pennsylvania. The Continental Congress appointed Nicholas Haussegger to command the battalion, which initially organized in the strength of eight companies. While the unit assembled at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, a ninth company was added. The battalion fought at Trenton in December 1776, where its soldiers called out in German for the Hessians

neg: Richmond Hill, Queens portion of the colonial town of Rustdorp. The land would become the Welling Farm, while Rustdorp would be renamed Jamaica under British rule in 1664. The Battle of Long Island, one of the bloodiest battles of the Revolutionary War, was fought in 1776 along the ridge in present-day Forest Park, near what is now the golf course clubhouse. Protected by its thickly wooded area, American riflemen used guerrilla warfare tactics to attack and defeat the advancing Hessians. One of the sites that would make up modern Richmond Hill, Lefferts Farm, was said to be the site of a Revolutionary War

neg: The Capture of the Hessians at Trenton, December 26, 1776 Wadsworth Atheneum in Hartford, Connecticut. Trumbull did not use the prelude to the capture, namely the crossing of the Delaware River, as a subject. Artists did not paint that until 1819 by Thomas Sully and then notably by Emanuel Leutze. Trumbull's work drew criticism from historian and painter William Dunlap after he viewed it in the Trumbull Gallery at Yale in 1834: The Capture of the Hessians at Trenton, December 26, 1776 The Capture of the Hessians at Trenton, December 26, 1776 is the title of an oil painting by the American artist John Trumbull depicting the capture of the

neg: History of Germany house of Wettin concentrated on acquiring and then holding on to the Polish throne which was ultimately unsuccessful. In Württemberg the duke lavished funds on palaces, mistresses, great celebration, and hunting expeditions. Many of the city-states of Germany were run by bishops, who in reality were from powerful noble families and showed scant interest in religion. None developed a significant reputation for good government. In Hesse-Kassel, the Landgrave Frederick II, ruled 1760–1785 as an enlightened despot, and raised money by renting soldiers (called "Hessians") to Great Britain to help fight the American Revolutionary War. He combined Enlightenment ideas with Christian

neg: History of Syracuse, New York Onondaga that they should sever their ties with the French or the settlers would suffer a horrible fate. When the men in the mission heard of this they fled by night, having been there less than two years. The remains of the mission have been located underneath a restaurant in nearby Liverpool, NY, where a living history museum now recreates the mission. Just after the Revolutionary War, more settlers came to the area, mostly to trade with the Onondaga Nation. Ephraim Webster left the Continental Army to settle there in 1784 along with Asa Danforth, another Revolutionary War hero. Comfort

neg: Christian Theodor von Pincier 14,000 men mustered by Gates. The Hessians had recently suffered a major defeat at Bennington with 200 dead and many more imprisoned. De Pencier likely encountered frontier spies Roger Stevens and Stephen Burritt for the first time here at Bennington. Stevens, imprisoned with Burritt after the battle, became the first to settle the Rideau 15 years later, providing his homestead as a meeting place for de Pencier and his Rideau survey teams. The Americans reneged on the terms of surrender; rather than sending the captive Europeans home, they sent the British troops to prison camps surrounding Boston, while the other

neg: Hudson Heights, Manhattan unspoiled tracts of land was the highest spot on the island, which provided unsurpassed views of what would become the New York metropolitan area. When the Revolutionary War came to New York, the British had the upper hand. General George Washington and troops from his Continental Army camped on the high ground, calling it Fort Washington, to monitor the advancing Redcoats. The Continental Army retreated from its location after their defeat on November 16, 1776, in the Battle of Fort Washington. The British took the position and renamed it Fort Knyphausen in honor of the leader of the Hessians, who

neg: Flag of Kentucky Flag of Kentucky The flag of the Commonwealth of Kentucky was adopted on March 26, 1918. In the early history of the state there were many flags representing various affiliations or countries that people came from and settle in the area. A portion of the state was held by the French monarchy until the French and Indian War. After the war, the land was ceded to Great Britain and the Union Jack flew over the commonwealth until the Revolutionary War. After the Declaration of Independence was signed, Kentucky, as a part of the Commonwealth of Virginia, flew the flag of

neg: Flag of Kentucky allegiance to the flag of Kentucky: Flag of Kentucky The flag of the Commonwealth of Kentucky was adopted on March 26, 1918. In the early history of the state there were many flags representing various affiliations or countries that people came from and settle in the area. A portion of the state was held by the French monarchy until the French and Indian War. After the war, the land was ceded to Great Britain and the Union Jack flew over the commonwealth until the Revolutionary War. After the Declaration of Independence was signed, Kentucky, as a part of the Commonwealth

neg: German Brazilians When German-speaking immigrants first arrived in Brazil starting at the beginning of the 19th century, they did not identify themselves so much as a unified German-Brazilian group. However, as time went on this common regional identity did emerge for many different geo-socio-political reasons. Germans immigrated mainly from what is now Germany, but also from other countries where German communities were established. From 1824 to 1969, around 250,000 Germans emigrated to Brazil, being the fourth largest immigrant community to settle in the country, after the Portuguese, Italians and Spaniards. About 30% of them arrived between World War I and World War

neg: Siege of Fort-Louis (1793) and two squadrons of the "Szekler" Hussar Regiment. Siege of Fort-Louis (1793) The Siege of Fort-Louis (14 October – 14 November 1793) saw a force composed of Habsburg Austrians, Hessians and Bavarians led by Franz von Lauer lay siege to Fort-Louis which was held by a Republican French garrison under Michel Durand. The French capitulated after a defense lasting exactly one month. The siege occurred during the War of the First Coalition, part of the French Revolutionary Wars. In 1793 the fortress was sited on an island in the Rhine River, but today Fort-Louis is a village in the Bas-Rhin

neg: Siege of Fort-Louis (1793) Siege of Fort-Louis (1793) The Siege of Fort-Louis (14 October – 14 November 1793) saw a force composed of Habsburg Austrians, Hessians and Bavarians led by Franz von Lauer lay siege to Fort-Louis which was held by a Republican French garrison under Michel Durand. The French capitulated after a defense lasting exactly one month. The siege occurred during the War of the First Coalition, part of the French Revolutionary Wars. In 1793 the fortress was sited on an island in the Rhine River, but today Fort-Louis is a village in the Bas-Rhin department in France. General of Brigade Michel Durand's

neg: British Army during the American Revolutionary War has assembled here. I am too young and have seen too few different corps, to ask others to take my word; but old Hessian and old English officers who have served a long time, say that they have never seen such a corps in respect to quality...""<br> —Captain Muenchhausen, June, 1777 While Burgoyne invaded from the North, Howe took an army of 15,000 men (including 3,500 Hessians) by sea to attack Philadelphia. Howe rapidly outflanked Washington at the Battle of Brandywine, but most of Washington's army managed to escape destruction. After inconclusive skirmishing with Washington's army at the Battle of

neg: British Army during the American Revolutionary War Trenton, a distance exceding eighty miles, in which he was well supported by the ardour of his corps, who cheerfully quitted their tents and heavy baggage as impediments to their march.""<br> —General Howe, December 20, 1776 After withdrawing from Boston, Howe immediately began preparations to seize New York which was considered the 'hinge' of the colonies. In late August, 22,000 men (including 9,000 Hessians) were rapidly landed on Long Island using flat bottomed boats, this would be the largest amphibious operation undertaken by the British army until the Normandy landings almost 200 years later. In the ensuing Battle of Long

neg: Brownsville Road its route, it would also travel through Westmoreland County and end at its "start terminus" in Brownsville, Fayette County, Pennsylvania. It was a heavily used emigrant trail during the post-Revolutionary War surge in expansion west over the Allegheny Ridge to settle the now safer, now open lands of the Northwest Territory until well into the 1850s as an westward emigrant trail. The road follows the route of ancient trails and footpaths as did many Indian roads, along the highlands and connected to the road along the descent from the Cumberland Narrows mountain pass (later descended via the upland community of

neg: Samuel Hildreth (American Revolution) with many other Revolutionary War soldiers and sailors. His son was later buried nearby within Mound Cemetery. Mound Cemetery reportedly contains the largest number of Revolutionary War officers buried in one location. Samuel Hildreth is one of thirty-seven Revolutionary War veterans at the cemetery noted by the Washington County Historical Society. Samuel Hildreth (American Revolution) Samuel Hildreth (1750–1823) was a surgeon in the Massachusetts militia and aboard Massachusetts naval privateers during the American Revolutionary War, and was subsequently a prisoner-of-war. After the war, he became a shareholder in the Ohio Company of Associates, though he did not move from Massachusetts

neg: Williamson County, Tennessee of Dr. Hugh Williamson of North Carolina, a colonel in the North Carolina militia and served three terms in the Continental Congress." Many of the early inhabitants of the county were veterans who had been paid in land grants after the Revolutionary War. Many veterans chose not to settle in the area and sold large sections of their land grants to speculators. These in turn subdivided the land and sold off smaller lots. Prior to the Civil War, the county was the second-wealthiest in the state, as part of the Middle Tennessee region. This area's resources of timber and rich

neg: Irish in Syracuse, New York County as soldiers with the English Army during the American Revolutionary War circa 1776. Although most did not settle in the area, a few did return later and established their homes. By 1820, there were only a few hundred Irish in the county. The earliest arrivals were Protestants and settled in the farms in the outskirts of the city including; Salina, Onondaga, Geddes, DeWitt, Lysander, Spafford, Skaneateles, Marcellus, LaFayette, Camillus, Elbridge, Otisco, Tully, Pompey, Clay, Cicero, Manlius and Van Buren. The majority of Irish in Onondaga County arrived after 1820 and in particular, during the period of the "Great Potato

neg: Battle of Trenton reinforcements had been turned down by British commander General James Grant, who disdained the American rebels and thought them poor soldiers. Despite Rall's experience, the Hessians at Trenton did not admire their commander. They believed that he was too nice, and not ruthless enough to be successful. His officers complained, "His love of life was too great, a thought came to him, then another, so he could not settle on a firm decision ..." Rall avoided hard work and had little concern for his troops' comfort. Trenton lacked city walls or fortifications, which was typical of American settlements. Some Hessian

neg: John Martin (Governor of Georgia) olive branch." He offered full pardons to all Loyalists who surrendered to General Wayne, as well as offering land to Hessians who left the British. These actions increased desertions from the British forces. With Georgia in a state of financial ruin at the end of the war, he also passed a Confiscation and Banishment Act in 1782 which seized the property of 342 Loyalists identified by name. Regarding the Revolutionary War in Georgia, Martin wrote on January 11, 1782: "It is true, this war has made us poor, and we are not ashamed to own it; because our cause is

neg: Martha Settle Putney Bowie State College (now Bowie State University) in Maryland, where she chaired the history and geography department, and later at Howard University, her alma mater, in Washington, D.C. Upon retiring from the faculty at Howard, she embarked on a writing career that included three books and over 20 journal articles. At the time of her death at age 92 she was working on a fourth book portraying the contributions of blacks in combat dating back to the American Revolutionary War. Martha Settle was born to Oliver and Ida Settle of Norristown, Pennsylvania, on November 9, 1916. Her father worked as

neg: Colebrook, New Hampshire of the Berlin, NH−VT Micropolitan Statistical Area. First granted in 1762 by New Hampshire's Colonial Governor Benning Wentworth, the territory was named "Dryden", after English poet and playwright John Dryden. Due to the inability of its original grantees to settle the remote area, however, it was regranted in 1770 by Colonial Governor John Wentworth, who renamed it "Colebrook Town" after Sir George Colebrooke, the East India Company's chairman of the board. It was settled that same year by a single family by the name of Rosebrook, but the family was driven out by the Revolutionary War, and further settlement did

neg: Algonquin people the Ottawa and Pontiac counties. Starting in 1721, many Christian Algonquins began to settle for the summer at Kahnesatake, near Oka. The Mohawk Nation was then considered one of the Seven Nations of Canada. Algonquin warriors continued to fight in alliance with France until the British conquest of Quebec in 1760 during the Seven Years' War. After the British took over colonial rule of Canada, their officials sought to make allies of the First Nations. Fighting on behalf of the British Crown, the Algonquins took part in the Barry St Leger campaign during the American Revolutionary War. Loyalist settlers began

neg: Castelnau-d'Auzan is still continuing. This phenomenon started, as in many other rural areas during the War of 1914-1918. Many young men did not return home. Lack of manpower changed the once wealthy and healthy pastoral area in a region where the population and wealth both decreased. New immigrants from Spain and Italy compensated partly the loss in population. After the independence of Algeria, the French farmers and winemakers returning to France were encouraged to settle in the Gers. All these waves of immigrants now are completely integrated. Due to the changes in the rural economics the last decade agricultural land and

neg: Swindon 2001 UK Census found that most of the Polish-born people had stayed or returned after serving with British forces during World War II. Swindon and Nottingham were parts of this settlement. Data from that census showed that 566 Swindonians were Poland-born. Notes to those data read: ‘The Polish Resettlement Act of 1947, which was designed to provide help and support to people who wished to settle here, covered about 190,000 people ... at the time Britain did not recognise many of the professional [qualifications] gained overseas ... [but] many did find work after the war; some went down the mines,

neg: British Army during the American Revolutionary War rear, and began beating their march at the same time as us. From that minute we saw them no more until the action was over, and only one man of them was wounded, by a random shot which came over us."" The Hessians served in some capacity in most of the major battles of the war. Duke Karl I provided Great Britain with almost 4,000 foot soldiers and 350 dragoons under General Friedrich Adolf Riedesel. These soldiers were the majority of the German regulars under General John Burgoyne in the Saratoga campaign of 1777, and were generally referred to as

neg: Marblehead Colonial Raised House John Glover who, with his Marblehead men, ferried George Washington across the Delaware River to attack the Hessians during the revolutionary war. Samuel Glover was also a “cordwainer” (shoemaker), as were a lot of men in Marblehead. He served as a captain in the French and Indian War but was referred to as captain locally due to his position on ship. He was also licensed to sell liquor which was reserved for only those of good standing and reputation. He apparently acquired some degree of wealth between his shoe making, commanding ships, and selling rum. At the time of Glover’s

neg: Christopher Greenup Christopher Greenup Christopher Greenup (c. 1750 – April 27, 1818) was an American politician who served as a U.S. Representative and the third Governor of Kentucky. Little is known about his early life; the first reliable records about him are documents recording his service in the Revolutionary War where he served as a lieutenant in the Continental Army and a colonel in the Virginia militia. After his service in the war, Greenup helped settle the trans-Appalachian regions of Virginia. He became involved in politics, and played an active role in three of the ten statehood conventions that secured the separation

neg: Memorials of the Great Patriotic War in Aksay region of the 3d Guards Division and of the 87th Rifle Division came to the rescue. Heavy fights for the khutor lasted till 9 January 1943. Germans were driven out, but almost everything in the khutor was destroyed by them. After the liberation people began to settle at the higher territory where during the postwar years appeared a village. [6] During the years of the Great Patriotic war many inhabitants went to fight from the Grushevskaya stanitsa (Russian: станица) to protect their homeland, 257 soldiers did not come back home from the battlefield. Liberators of the Grushevskaya stanitsa were buried in

neg: Battle of Wevelinghoven that an occupation of Grevenbroich by the Hessians would be seen by the Imperial side as an opportunity to declare the neutrality of Jülich-Berg as null and void. He therefore asked von Geyso for an undertaking that Grevenbroich would be spared. As a result, the Hessians did not occupy Grevenbroich and encamped near Wevelinghoven, in order to fall back to Neuss. Lamboy advanced with 7,000 men and positioned himself on 13 June in front of the Hessian encampment. However, the Hessians did not engage in battle, but pulled back to a pre-prepared site between Grevenbroich and Wevelinghoven, in order to

neg: Worlds End State Park strong confederacy which gave them power beyond their numbers. To fill the void left by the demise of the Susquehannocks, the Iroquois encouraged displaced tribes from the east to settle in the West Branch watershed, including the Shawnee and Lenape (or Delaware). The French and Indian War (1754–1763) led to the migration of many Native Americans westward to the Ohio River basin. On November 5, 1768, the Province of Pennsylvania acquired the New Purchase from the Iroquois in the Treaty of Fort Stanwix, including what is now Worlds End State Park. After the American Revolutionary War, Native Americans almost entirely

neg: Volga Germans of these soldiers to the "Trudarmii". In 1942, nearly all the able-bodied German population was conscripted to the NKVD labor columns. About one-third did not survive the camps. The Volga Germans never returned to the Volga region in their old numbers. They were not allowed to settle in the area for decades.. After the war, many remained in the Ural Mountains, Siberia, Kazakhstan (1.4% of today's Kazakh population are recognized as Germans - around 200,000), Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan (about 16,000 = 0.064%). After the initial period of persecution, they recovered in their new locations, where their numbers increased, and they

neg: Canton of Montréal, Gers stay behind. This phenomenon started, as in many other rural areas during the War of 1914-1918. Many young men did not return home, with the consequences we still see to day. Lack of manpower changed the once wealthy and healthy pastoral area in a region where the population and wealth both decreased. New immigrants from Spain and Italy compensated partly for the loss in population. After the independence of Algeria, French farmers and winemakers returning to the motherland were encouraged to settle down in the Gers. All these waves of immigrants now are completely integrated. Due to the changes in

neg: Robert E. Cowan in Monongalia County, Virginia on August 9, 1829. Cowen's ancestors had moved from northern Ireland to Pennsylvania early in the 18th century, and by the American Revolutionary War were attempting to settle in the Shenandoah and Clinch River valleys. They had at least three sons: Robert E. Cowen, John T. Cowen and James P. Cowen, and many grandchildren. Robert E. Cowen married the former Susan Louisa Cresap (1833-1919), whose ancestors had explored and settled in the Appalachian foothills of Pennsylvania, Maryland and Virginia and whose grandfather Thomas Cresap also fought for independence in the American Revolutionary War. Their children included

neg: St. George, Maine not to settle immigrants at what was their prized hunting ground. Consequently, the peninsula remained unpopulated until after the close of the French and Indian Wars in 1763. The Revolutionary War further slowed development, but during the 1780s, there was rapid settlement of the peninsula. It was incorporated in 1789 as part of Cushing. On February 7, 1803, the peninsula and its islands were set off and incorporated as St. George, taking its name from the river. Farmers grew potatoes. After 1830, granite was quarried and shipped nationally for construction. Shipbuilders annually produced three to four vessels, many for the

neg: The Death of General Mercer at the Battle of Princeton, January 3, 1777 The Death of General Mercer at the Battle of Princeton, January 3, 1777 The Death of General Mercer at the Battle of Princeton, January 3, 1777 is the title of an oil painting by the American artist John Trumbull depicting the death of the American General Hugh Mercer at the Battle of Princeton on January 3, 1777 during the American Revolutionary War. The painting was Trumbull’s first depiction of an American victory. It is one of a series of historical paintings on the war, which also includes the "Declaration of Independence" and "The Capture of the Hessians at Trenton, December

neg: Oyster Bay (hamlet), New York Many Quakers came to Oyster Bay, escaping persecution from Dutch authorities in New Amsterdam. These included Elizabeth Feake and her husband Captain John Underhill, whom she converted to Quakerism. Other notable Quakers to settle in Oyster Bay were the brothers John Townsend and Henry Townsend. Noted dissenter and founder of Quakerism George Fox visited Oyster Bay in 1672, where he spoke with the Wrights, Underhill and Feake at a Quaker gathering on the site of Council Rock, facing the Mill Pond. During the Revolutionary War, Raynham Hall was owned by the irredentist Townsend family. For a six-month period from 1778

neg: Japanese Peruvians were living in Peru (10,300 from Okinawa and 6,000 from mainland Japan). Of these, only 3,300 were women (Masterson 2007: 148). Thus, unlike Brazil where farming family immigration was encouraged by the Brazilian authority for the migratory workers to settle in coffee plantations, single Japanese men but few women migrated to Peru. Most Japanese men married local women. Today, there are about 160,000 people of Japanese descent living in Peru, The majority are descendants of pre-war immigrants. Unlike many other countries in Latin America, most Japanese immigrants did not settle on farms and plantations in Peru. They were able to

neg: Amsterdam (city), New York to settle here were Dutch immigrants about 1710. They called the community Veeders Mills and Veedersburgh after Albert Veeder, an early mill owner. After the American Revolutionary War, many settlers came from New England. Anglo-American residents changed the name to Amsterdam in 1803. In 1773, Guy Johnson built Guy Park, a stone Georgian mansion. A Loyalist, he fled to Canada during the Revolution. The mansion has been preserved and listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was incorporated as a village on April 20, 1830 from a section of the Town of Amsterdam. New charters in 1854, 1865,

neg: Plantations of Ireland 12,000 veterans of the New Model Army were awarded land in Ireland in place of their wages due, which the Commonwealth was unable to pay. Many of these soldiers sold their land grants to other Protestants rather than settle in war-ravaged Ireland, but 7,500 fighters did settle in Ireland. They were required to keep their weapons to act as a reserve militia in case of future rebellions. Taken together with the Merchant Adventurers, probably over 10,000 Parliamentarians settled in Ireland after the civil wars. Most of these were single men, however, and many of them married Irish women (although banned

neg: He Ying (revolutionary) a great contribution to revolutionary base setting. Although she did not join the Communist Party He Ying led its guerrilla forces. She was wounded in many battles and saved many people. In October 1929, after the Red Army suffered a setback in Zhuang Erping War, He Ying led her troops to deal with the aftermath. In spring 1930, when He Long took away the Red Army's main forces to the East of Hong lake, He Ying and her guerrilla forces stayed to coordinate with the Red Army's main forces. During the War against “Encirclement and Suppression” in 1932, He Ying

neg: American Revolutionary War soldiers, who recorded their disapproval of British conduct towards the colonists, such as the destruction of property and the execution of prisoners. The presence of Hessian soldiers caused considerable anxiety among the colonists, both Patriot and Loyalist, who viewed them as brutal mercenaries. British soldiers were often contemptuous in their treatment of Hessian troops, despite orders from General Howe that "the English should treat the Germans as brothers". The order only began to have any real effect when the Hessians learned to speak a minimal degree of English, which was seen as a prerequisite for the British troops to accord

neg: Elmira, New York at Elmira in 1791 to settle territorial disputes in the region. Most of the Seneca emigrated under pressure with the other Iroquois to Canada, where they resettled on land provided by the British Crown. The first European-American settler in Elmira was captain Abraham Miller of the Continental Army. He built a cabin after resigning just before the Revolutionary War. Miller's Pond and Miller Street are named after him and are near the location of his house. The New York legislature established the Township of Chemung, now Chemung County, in 1788. The settlement of Newtown was soon established at the intersection

neg: Martha Settle Putney the male armed forces. I've got to say male because many of us did all of the tasks, all of the . . . military occupational specialties, as a man, except carry a gun." Interviewed on another occasion, she said: "It is my thesis that military integration made the basis for the emergence and the expansion of the black middle class." After the war, she returned to her job with the Manpower Commission, where she met William M. Putney. They were married in 1948 and had one child, William, Jr. Her husband died in 1965. Making use of the G.I.

neg: George Washington the upper Ferry Road, while General John Sullivan's advanced on River Road. (.) Veiled by sleet and snowfall, the Americans proceeded toward Trenton; many soldiers were shoeless, with bloodied feet, and two died of exposure. At sunrise, they made a coordinated surprise attack on the Hessians, with Washington leading the charge, aided by Major General Henry Knox and artillery. Hessian Colonel Johann Rall was mortally wounded during the short battle. The Hessians had 22 killed, 83 wounded, with 850 captured with many supplies. After retreating across the Delaware to Pennsylvania, Washington returned to New Jersey on January 3, launching an

neg: Land Question the proprietors who worried that a Nova Scotia legislature would force them to give up their property rights, the British government granted Prince Edward Island autonomy. Almost immediately after the establishment of the new system, conflict arose. The American Revolutionary War drove potential settlers away from Prince Edward Island. This caused two problems - firstly, it made it difficult for proprietors to fulfill an obligation attached to their grants, to settle one person per within ten years of the system's commencement, and secondly, it meant that the proprietors were not being paid much rent, as there were not many tenants

neg: Sierra Leone Creole people 400 freed slaves, primarily African Americans freed during the American Revolutionary War who had been evacuated to London, and West Indians and Africans from London, to relocate to Sierra Leone to settle in what they called the "Province of Freedom." Some had been freed earlier and worked as servants in London. Most of the first group died due to disease and warfare with indigenous peoples. About 64 survived to settle Granville Town. In 1792, they were joined by 1200 Black Loyalists from Nova Scotia; these were African Americans and their descendants. Many of the adults had left rebel owners and

neg: Poke-O-Moonshine Mountain south and the French to the north, European settlers did not come to the area in significant numbers. Since it was vacant, the land was claimed during the 18th century by both the British, who had conquered New Netherland, and the French. King George's War in mid-century failed to settle that claim, and it took the later French and Indian War to establish British hegemony over all the European colonies in the region. Settlement was further delayed by the Revolutionary War, and only afterwards, with the new state of New York owning the land, was it subdivided and sold to

neg: Battle of Trenton fire that came at them from three directions. Some Americans had taken up defensive positions inside houses, reducing their exposure. Some civilians joined the fight against the Hessians. Despite this, they continued to push, recapturing their cannon. At the head of King Street, Knox saw the Hessians had retaken the cannon and ordered his troops to take them. Six men ran and, after a brief struggle, seized the cannon, turning them on the Hessians. With most of the Hessians unable to fire their guns, the attack stalled. The Hessians' formations broke, and they began to scatter. Rall was mortally wounded.

neg: Second Battle of Wissembourg (1793) Second Battle of Wissembourg (1793) The Second Battle of Wissembourg from 26 December 1793 to 29 December 1793 saw an army of the First French Republic under General Lazare Hoche fight a series of clashes against an army of Austrians, Prussians, Bavarians, and Hessians led by General Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser. There were significant actions at Wœrth on 22 December and Geisberg on 26 and 27 December. In the end, the French forced their opponents to withdraw to the east bank of the Rhine River. The action occurred during the War of the First Coalition phase of the French Revolutionary

neg: Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel Frederick II () (14 August 1720 – 31 October 1785) was Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) from 1760 to 1785. He ruled as an enlightened despot, and raised money by renting soldiers (called "Hessians") to Great Britain to help fight the American Revolutionary War. He combined Enlightenment ideas with Christian values, cameralist plans for central control of the economy, and a militaristic approach toward international diplomacy. Frederick was born at Kassel in Hesse, the son of William VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel and his wife Dorothea Wilhelmine of Saxe-Zeitz. His paternal grandfather was Charles I, Landgrave

neg: British Army during the American Revolutionary War on the Irish establishment, 25,000 foreigners (the “Hessians”), and 42,000 embodied militia, for a total force of about 194,000 men. Although a large portion of the rank and file were lower class and the officers upper class, the army recruited from a variety of social backgrounds, both among the regular and officer ranks. According to Reid, the Georgian army through necessity drew its officers from a far wider base than its later Victorian counterpart and was much more open to promotion from the ranks. Officers were required to be literate, but there was no formal requirement on the level of

neg: British Army during the American Revolutionary War the capture of close to 3,000 Continental troops. Following the conquest of Manhattan, Howe ordered Charles Cornwallis to "clear the rebel troops from New Jersey without a major engagement, and to do it quickly before the weather changed." Cornwallis' force drove Washington's army entirely from New Jersey and across the Delaware River. However, in the pre-dawn hours of December 26, Washington crossed back into New Jersey and captured a garrison of Hessians at Trenton. Several days later, Washington outmaneuvered Cornwallis at Assunpink Creek and overwhelmed a British outpost at Princeton on January 3, 1777. Cornwallis rallied and again drove Washington

neg: Intelligence operations in the American Revolutionary War Franklin fabricated a letter purportedly sent by a German prince to the commander of his mercenaries in America. The letter disputed British casualty figures for the German troops, arguing that the actual number was much higher and that he was entitled to a great amount of "blood money", the amount paid to the prince for each of his men killed or wounded. The prince also encouraged the officer to be humane and to allow his wounded to die, rather than try to save men who might only become cripples unfit for service to their prince. Between 5,000 and 6,000 Hessians

neg: Intelligence in the American Revolutionary War Tory, British agent) to collect intelligence on British military activities in New Jersey. He participated in a deception operation that left the Hessians in Trenton unprepared for Washington's attack across the Delaware River on December 26, 1776. In January 1778, Nancy Morgan Hart, who was tall, muscular, and cross-eyed, disguised herself as a "touched" or emotionally disturbed man, and entered Augusta, Georgia, to obtain intelligence on British defenses. Her mission was a success. Later, when a group of Tories attacked her home to gain revenge, she captured them all and was witness to their execution. In June 1778, General Washington

neg: Nicholas Haussegger was the 1st Continental Regiment under Edward Hand. During the engagement, George Washington deployed the brigade to the east to keep the Hessians from escaping to Princeton, New Jersey. When Hessian commander Johann Rall attempted to break out to the north, Fermoy's brigade quickly shifted farther east to block the thrust. Near the end of the fight, Haussegger's men called out to the Hessians in German to lay down their weapons and surrender. Soon afterward the Hessians did so. On 31 December 1776, Washington learned that a British force under Lord Charles Cornwallis was assembling in Princeton, New Jersey. The

neg: George S. Boutwell the store where he clerked. Boutwell did not take the bar exam or enter into active practice until many years later. In 1838, the shop owner offered Boutwell a partnership in the shop. While Boutwell ran the store, he began a personal regimen of reading and writing in an effort to make up for having chosen not to attend college. Boutwell made his public career debut in 1839, when he served as a pension agent for widows of the American Revolutionary War, which had ended in 1783. He traveled to Washington D.C. and was impressed after seeing Daniel Webster. After

neg: Former countries in Europe after 1815 Vienna was a nine-month, pan-European meeting of statesmen who met to settle the many issues arising from the destabilising impact of the French Revolutionary Wars, the Napoleonic Wars, and the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire. The immediate background was Napoleonic France's defeat and surrender in May 1814, which brought an end to twenty-five years of nearly continuous war during which France had caused the annexation or geopolitical reorganisation of myriad European microstates as well as some larger ones. The Congress of Vienna was the first of a series of international meetings that came to be known as the Concert

neg: Fire and Rain (novel) Fire and Rain (novel) Fire and Rain is a 1964 Taiwanese novel by romance novelist Chiung Yao. One of her best-known works, it has been adapted multiple times into film and TV dramas. The story follows a young girl Lu Yi-ping whose father Lu Chen-hua had for years been a warlord in Northeast China, where he forcibly married many girls, before fleeing the 1949 Chinese Communist Revolution for Taiwan (presumably after joining the National Revolutionary Army to fight the communists as many minor warlords did during the Chinese Civil War). In Taipei, Lu Yi-ping and her mother live in utter

neg: Phineas Lyman Phineas Lyman Phineas Lyman (1716–1774) was a colonial American soldier known for his service in the provincial British army of the French and Indian War. He later led a group of New England veterans of the war to settle in the new colony of West Florida where he died shortly before the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War. He earned a reputation as the most experienced colonial American officer during the war. Lyman was born at Durham, Connecticut. He graduated at Yale in 1738, was a tutor there until 1741, studied law and began practice at Suffield (which was then

neg: Coesfeld Cross point was the siege of Coesfeld by (Protestant) Hessians in 1633 which brought the cult of the cross and pilgrimages to a halt. On 25 February 1634, Hessian (Calvinist) soldiers took possession of the Coesfeld Cross and "made fun of it in order to please their officers". Only a year later, it was returned into the hands of the townsfolk of the Coesfeld who thenceforth hid the cross in the attic of a house on the market square. Hessians continued to occupy the town until four years after the end of the Thirty Years' War when, in 1652, Prince-Bishop Christoph

neg: Draslajca is situated at above sea level. Many of the townsfolk have origins from the neighbouring village of Livada as this is where the population of Draslajca is originally from. After World War Two the remaining Macedonians in Livada began to leave the village and settle in Draslajca. This pattern of migration turned Livada into an exclusively Albanian village. Many more people from neighbouring villages also began to settle in Draslajca. Draslajca Draslajca () is a village in the south-western region of the Republic of Macedonia. Draslajca is a medium-sized village in the centre of the Struga municipality. It has 3

neg: The Emberverse series Change to settle in their territory and help with farming. Many of these refugees adopted the local customs and traditions of the tribes. They remained neutral during the War of the Eye, but did allow CORA forces to pass through their territory. Shortly after the Change, the town of Pendleton and the local ranchers became embroiled in a civil war against a nearby Native American reservation. For a short time the area was a duchy of the PPA, but the PPA was forced to withdraw after the end of the War of the Eye. By 2020, there was a nominal

neg: History of Serbia in the liberation and the revolutionary war against Nazis and all the others who were against communism. During this war and after it, the Partisans killed many civilians who did not support their Communist ideals. The Communists shot people without trials, or following politically and ideologically motivated courts, such as in the case of Draža Mihailović, leader of the Chetniks. The Agricultural Reform conducted after the war meant that peasants had to give away most of their wheat, grain, and cattle to the state, or face serious imprisonment. Land and property were confiscated on a massive scale. Many people also

neg: George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River made by character Sarah Phillips of Washington's follow-up attack, where the army delayed its retreat to capture the now ill-defended British garrison at Princeton, New Jersey. The episode makes one minor historical error: footage of the Hessians' Christmas celebration depicts soldiers dancing to "Silent Night", at least forty years before the carol was written. The event was drunkenly recounted by comedian Craig Anstett on a special Christmas episode of Comedy Central's "Drunk History". George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River, which occurred on the night of December 25–26, 1776, during the American Revolutionary

neg: Farid Ali (singer) Farid Ali (singer) Farid Ali (Kabyle: Farid Ali; January 9, 1919 – October 19, 1981) was an Algerian singer. Farid Ali (né Khelifi Ali) was born in Ikhelfounen in the commune of Bounouh. In 1935, he left his native village to settle in Algiers, where he served as a shoemaker and was soon to leave overseas. After a few years, he returned to the fold where he received his revolutionary friends, including Colonel Krim Belkacem. Arrested in 1956 by the colonial army, for his revolutionary activities, Farid Ali suffered the worst tortures throughout his detention. Farid was also part of

neg: Ludwig von Wurmb his division was in the Battle of Tourcoing, where his Hessians were in the middle of the action. Von Wurmb was wounded in the leg and carried from the field. After seeing further action in 1795, he returned to Hesse, where he took command of the Leib Infantry Regiment. In 1800 he was promoted to lieutenant general; he also later served on the landgrave's board of war and was governor of Kassel. In 1805, under threat from Napoleon's armies, the elector again mobilized his forces, concentrating them under von Wurmb's command in Kassel. Faced with overwhelming force in 1806, the

neg: Hessian (soldier) The elite "Jäger" battalions used the "büchse", a short, large-caliber rifle well-suited to woodland combat. Initially, the average regiment was made up of 500 to 600 men. Later in the war, the regiments had only 300 to 400 men. The first Hessian troops to arrive in North America landed at Staten Island in New York on August 15, 1776. Their first engagement was in the Battle of Long Island. The Hessians fought in almost every battle, although after 1777, the British used them mainly as garrison and patrol troops. An assortment of Hessians fought in the battles and campaigns in

neg: John Ferrier John Ferrier John Ferrier (c. 1759 – 27 January 1836) was a British officer in the Royal Navy who served during the American War of Independence and the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. Ferrier was serving as a lieutenant during the American War of Independence, and was promoted to his first command after the conflict, a small cutter. He was advanced to post-captain shortly before the outbreak of the French Revolutionary Wars, but did not receive a ship for several years. Finally given the 64-gun in 1796, he was sent to the West Indies, where he spent five years before

neg: Revolutionary movement for Indian independence tried for treason, the charge being that they had incited various regiments of the army against the ruler. Jugantar, along with other revolutionary groups, and aided by Indians abroad, planned an armed revolt against the British rulers during the First World War. This plan largely depended on the clandestine landing of German arms and ammunitions in the Indian coast. This plan came to be known as the "Indo-German Plot." However, the planned revolt did not materialise. After the First World War Jugantar supported Gandhi in the Non-Cooperation Movement and many of their leaders were in the Congress. Still, the group