query: what groups of elements does the d-block contain

pos: Block (periodic table) reactivity decreases as the atomic number increases. When a halogen combines with another element, the resulting compound is called a halide. One of the best examples of a halide is sodium chloride (NaCl). The d-block is on the middle of the periodic table and includes elements from columns 3 through 12. These elements are also known as the transition metals because they show a transitivity in their properties i.e. they show a trend in their properties in simple incomplete d orbitals. Transition basically means d orbital lies between s and p orbitals and shows a transition from properties of s

pos: Block (periodic table) the first two quantum numbers) is repeated as many times as required for each pair of electrons it may contain. The result is a compressed periodic table, with each entry representing two successive elements: .The elements which give the greatest number of oxidation states occur in or near the middle of the series from +2 to +7 There is an approximate correspondence between this nomenclature of blocks, based on electronic configuration, and groupings of elements based on chemical properties. The s-block and p-block together are usually considered as the main-group elements, the d-block corresponds to the transition metals, and the

pos: Periodic table the elements in groups 3–11 are transition metals. The IUPAC definition therefore excludes group 12, comprising zinc, cadmium and mercury, from the transition metals category. Some chemists treat the categories "d-block elements" and "transition metals" interchangeably, thereby including groups 3–12 among the transition metals. In this instance the group 12 elements are treated as a special case of transition metal in which the d electrons are not ordinarily involved in chemical bonding. The 2007 report of mercury(IV) fluoride (HgF), a compound in which mercury would use its d electrons for bonding, has prompted some commentators to suggest that mercury can

neg: Group 3 element Group 3 element Group 3 is a group of elements in the periodic table. This group, like other d-block groups, should contain four elements, but it is not agreed what elements belong in the group. Scandium (Sc) and yttrium (Y) are always included, but the other two spaces are usually occupied by lanthanum (La) and actinium (Ac), or by lutetium (Lu) and lawrencium (Lr); less frequently, it is considered the group should be expanded to 32 elements (with all the lanthanides and actinides included) or contracted to contain only scandium and yttrium. When the group is understood to contain all

neg: Group 3 element electron. (3d'4s2) Scandium and its analogous are the first d-elements of thair period i.e.they are the first whose d-subs-hell of the penultimate shell being to be filled the presency of just one electron in the d-state accounts for the stabiliry oxidation state of III in scandium and its analogous. the stable co-ordonationv number increases in the transition from scandium to yttrium and Group 3 element Group 3 is a group of elements in the periodic table. This group, like other d-block groups, should contain four elements, but it is not agreed what elements belong in the group. Scandium (Sc) and

neg: Block (periodic table) to p. The d-block elements are all metals which exhibit two or more ways of forming chemical bonds. Because there is a relatively small difference in the energy of the different d-orbital electrons, the number of electrons participating in chemical bonding can vary. This results in the same element exhibiting two or more oxidation states, which determines the type and number of its nearest neighbors in chemical compounds. D-block elements are unified by having in their outermost electrons one or more d-orbital electrons but no p-orbital electrons. The d-orbitals can contain up to five pairs of electrons; hence, the block

neg: Block (periodic table) f-block are the lanthanides and the actinides. However, not everyone agrees on the exact membership of each set of elements, so that, for example the group 12 elements Zn, Cd and Hg are considered as main group by some scientists and transition metals by others, because they are chemically and physically more similar to the p-block elements than the other d-block elements. The group 3 elements and the f-block are sometimes also considered main group elements due to their similarities to the s-block elements. Groups (columns) in the f-block (between groups 3 and 4) are not numbered. Helium is from

neg: Block (periodic table) radioactive actinides of period 7. All are metals. Because the f-orbital electrons are less active in determining the chemistry of these elements, their chemical properties are mostly determined by outer s-orbital electrons. Consequently, there is much less chemical variability within the f-block than within the s-, p-, or d-blocks. F-block elements are unified by having one or more of their outermost electrons in the f-orbital but none in the d-orbital or p-orbital. The f-orbitals can contain up to seven pairs of electrons; hence, the block includes fourteen columns in the periodic table. The g-block is a hypothetical block of elements

neg: Periodic table the periodic table can be referred to as "blocks" in recognition of the sequence in which the electron shells of the elements are filled. Each block is named according to the subshell in which the "last" electron notionally resides. The s-block comprises the first two groups (alkali metals and alkaline earth metals) as well as hydrogen and helium. The p-block comprises the last six groups, which are groups 13 to 18 in IUPAC group numbering (3A to 8A in American group numbering) and contains, among other elements, all of the metalloids. The d-block comprises groups 3 to 12 (or 3B

neg: IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry 2005 restricted to compounds where there are discrete molecules of bis(η-cyclopentadienyl)metal (and ring-substituted analogues), where the cyclopentadienyl rings are essentially parallel, and the metal is in the d-block. The terminology does NOT apply to compounds of the s- or p-block elements such as Ba(CH) or Sn(CH). Examples of compounds that meet the criteria are: Examples of compounds that should not be named as metallocenes are: In polynuclear compounds with metal- metal bonds these are shown after the element name as follows: (3 "Os"—"Os") in Decacarbonyldihydridotriosmium A pair of brackets contain a count of the bonds formed (if greater than 1), followed

neg: Periodic table to right across the four blocks of the long- or 32-column form of the periodic table are a series of linking or bridging groups of elements, located approximately between each block. These groups, like the metalloids, show properties in between, or that are a mixture of, groups to either side. Chemically, the group 3 elements, scandium, yttrium, lanthanum and actinium behave largely like the alkaline earth metals or, more generally, "s" block metals but have some of the physical properties of "d" block transition metals. Lutetium and lawrencium, at the end of the end of the "f" block, may constitute

neg: ZX Spectrum character set ^ it replaces compared to ASCII-1967 is used for exponentiation in many other dialects of BASIC and other programming languages. Beyond 0x7F, the Spectrum character set uses the high-bit range 0x80–0xFF for special purposes. 0x80–0x8F contain the same 2×2 block graphics characters that the ZX80 character set and the ZX81 character set have (at other locations), also available in the Block Elements Unicode block. However the ZX Spectrum's standard character set does not include the ZX80/81 50% dithered 1×2 block graphics characters. Code points 0x90–0xA4 contain the originally 21 User-Defined Graphics (UDG) characters, and 0xA5–0xFF contain BASIC keywords tokenized as

neg: Heavy metals elements and the more reactive of the d-block elements. They have a strong affinity for oxygen and mostly exist as relatively low density silicate minerals. Chalcophile heavy metals are mainly the less reactive d-block elements, and period 4–6 p-block metals and metalloids. They are usually found in (insoluble) sulfide minerals. Being denser than the lithophiles, hence sinking lower into the crust at the time of its solidification, the chalcophiles tend to be less abundant than the lithophiles. On the other hand, gold is a siderophile, or iron-loving element. It does not readily form compounds with either oxygen or sulfur. At

neg: Period (periodic table) total of 118 elements have been discovered and confirmed. Modern quantum mechanics explains these periodic trends in properties in terms of electron shells. As atomic number increases, shells fill with electrons in approximately the order shown at right. The filling of each shell corresponds to a row in the table. In the s-block and p-block of the periodic table, elements within the same period generally do not exhibit trends and similarities in properties (vertical trends down groups are more significant). However, in the d-block, trends across periods become significant, and in the f-block elements show a high degree of similarity

neg: Y chromosome equal amounts to produce: Many groups of organisms in addition to mammals have Y chromosomes, but these Y chromosomes do not share common ancestry with mammalian Y chromosomes. Such groups include "Drosophila", some other insects, some fish, some reptiles, and some plants. In "Drosophila melanogaster", the Y chromosome does not trigger male development. Instead, sex is determined by the number of X chromosomes. The "D. melanogaster" Y chromosome does contain genes necessary for male fertility. So XXY "D. melanogaster" are female, and "D. melanogaster" with a single X (X0), are male but sterile. There are some species of Drosophila in

neg: Periodic table Previously, they were known by roman numerals. In America, the roman numerals were followed by either an "A" if the group was in the s- or p-block, or a "B" if the group was in the d-block. The roman numerals used correspond to the last digit of today's naming convention (e.g. the group 4 elements were group IVB, and the group 14 elements were group IVA). In Europe, the lettering was similar, except that "A" was used if the group was before group 10, and "B" was used for groups including and after group 10. In addition, groups 8, 9

neg: Period 1 element does not apply here. In terms of vertical trends down groups, helium can be seen as a typical noble gas at the head of Group 18, but as discussed below, hydrogen's chemistry is unique and it is not easily assigned to any group. Although both hydrogen and helium are in the s-block, neither of them behaves similarly to other s-block elements. Their behaviour is so different from the other s-block elements that there is considerable disagreement over where these two elements should be placed in the periodic table. Hydrogen is sometimes placed above lithium, above carbon, above fluorine, above both

neg: D-block contraction D-block contraction The d-block contraction (sometimes called scandide contraction) is a term used in chemistry to describe the effect of having full d orbitals on the period 4 elements. The elements in question are Ga, Ge, As, Se, Br, and Kr. Their electronic configurations include completely filled d orbitals (d). d-block contraction is best illustrated by comparing some properties of the group 13 elements to highlight the effect on gallium. Gallium can be seen to be anomalous. The most obvious effect is that the sum of the first three ionization potentials of gallium is higher than that of aluminium, whereas

neg: Periodic table new row ("period") is started when a new electron shell has its first electron. Columns ("groups") are determined by the electron configuration of the atom; elements with the same number of electrons in a particular subshell fall into the same columns (e.g. oxygen and selenium are in the same column because they both have four electrons in the outermost p-subshell). Elements with similar chemical properties generally fall into the same group in the periodic table, although in the f-block, and to some respect in the d-block, the elements in the same period tend to have similar properties, as well. Thus,

neg: Transition metal is copper (Cu) with an atypical configuration [Ar]4"s"3"d". Despite the filled d subshell in metallic copper it nevertheless forms a stable ion with an incomplete d subshell. Since the electrons added fill the orbitals, the properties of the "d"-block elements are quite different from those of "s" and "p" block elements in which the filling occurs either in "s" or in "p"-orbitals of the valence shell. The electronic configuration of the individual elements present in all the d-block series are given below: A careful look at the electronic configuration of the elements reveals that there are certain exceptions, for example

neg: Metalloid elements with the highest critical temperature for their groups (Li, Be, Al, Ge, Sb, Po) lie just below the line. The diagonal positioning of the metalloids represents an exception to the observation that elements with similar properties tend to occur in vertical groups. A related effect can be seen in other diagonal similarities between some elements and their lower right neighbours, specifically lithium-magnesium, beryllium-aluminium, and boron-silicon. Rayner-Canham has argued that these similarities extend to carbon-phosphorus, nitrogen-sulfur, and into three d-block series. This exception arises due to competing horizontal and vertical trends in the nuclear charge. Going along a period, the

neg: Block (periodic table) Block (periodic table) A block of the periodic table of elements is a set of adjacent groups. The term appears to have been first used by Charles Janet. The respective highest-energy electrons in each element in a block belong to the same atomic orbital type. Each block is named after its characteristic orbital; thus, the blocks are: The block names (s, p, d, f and g) are derived from the spectroscopic notation for the associated atomic orbitals: sharp, principal, diffuse and fundamental, and then g which follows f in the alphabet. The following is the order for filling the "subshell"

neg: Block (periodic table) in the extended periodic table whose outermost electrons are posited to include one or more g-orbital electrons. Block (periodic table) A block of the periodic table of elements is a set of adjacent groups. The term appears to have been first used by Charles Janet. The respective highest-energy electrons in each element in a block belong to the same atomic orbital type. Each block is named after its characteristic orbital; thus, the blocks are: The block names (s, p, d, f and g) are derived from the spectroscopic notation for the associated atomic orbitals: sharp, principal, diffuse and fundamental, and

neg: DocBook a title, chapters, glossaries, appendices, and so on. DocBook's structural tags include, but are not limited to: Structural elements can contain other structural elements. Structural elements are the only permitted top-level elements in a DocBook document. "Block-level" tags are elements like paragraph, lists, etc. Not all these elements can directly contain text. Sequential block-level elements render one "after" another. After, in this case, can differ depending on the language. In most Western languages, "after" means below: text paragraphs are printed down the page. Other languages' writing systems can have different directionality; for example, in Japanese, paragraphs are often printed in

neg: Span and div example, regardless of CSS, a codice_1 element may not contain block-level children. codice_1 and codice_2 elements are used purely to imply a logical grouping of enclosed elements. There are three main reasons to use codice_1 and codice_2 tags with codice_9 or codice_10 attributes: It is common for and elements to carry codice_9 or codice_10 attributes in conjunction with CSS to apply layout, typographic, color, and other presentation attributes to parts of the content. CSS does not just apply to visual styling: when spoken out loud by a voice browser, CSS styling can affect speech-rate, stress, richness and even position within

neg: Block (periodic table) form compounds. The first period elements in this block, however, are nonmetals. Hydrogen is highly chemically reactive, like the other s-block elements, but helium is a virtually unreactive noble gas. S-block elements are unified by the fact that their valence electrons (outermost electrons) are in the s orbital. The s-orbital is a single spherical cloud which can contain only one pair of electrons; hence, the s-block consists of only two columns in the periodic table. Elements in column 1, with a single s-orbital valence electron, are the most reactive of the block. Elements in the second column have two s-orbital

neg: Periodic table structure explain group trends by proposing that elements within the same group generally have the same electron configurations in their valence shell. Consequently, elements in the same group tend to have a shared chemistry and exhibit a clear trend in properties with increasing atomic number. In some parts of the periodic table, such as the d-block and the f-block, horizontal similarities can be as important as, or more pronounced than, vertical similarities. Under an international naming convention, the groups are numbered numerically from 1 to 18 from the leftmost column (the alkali metals) to the rightmost column (the noble gases).

neg: E-carrier E-bit of frame 13 refers to the submultiframe I (block I) received at the far end, and the E-bit of frame 15 refers to the submultiframe II (block II). The bits that are in position 2 of the TS0 in the frame that does not contain the FAS are called supervision bits and are set to “1,” to avoid simulations of the FAS signal. The bits of the TS0 that do not contain the FAS in positions 3–8 make up what is known as the non-frame alignment signal or NFAS. This signal is sent in alternate frames (frame 1, frame

neg: Metal make up the rest of the crust. Despite the overall scarcity of some heavier metals such as copper, they can become concentrated in economically extractable quantities as a result of mountain building, erosion, or other geological processes. Metals are primarily found as lithophiles (rock-loving) or chalcophiles (ore-loving). Lithophile metals are mainly the s-block elements, the more reactive of the d-block elements. and the f-block elements. They have a strong affinity for oxygen and mostly exist as relatively low density silicate minerals. Chalcophile metals are mainly the less reactive d-block elements, and the period 4–6 p-block metals. They are usually found

neg: Main-group element Main-group element In chemistry and atomic physics, the main group is the group of elements whose lightest members are represented by helium, lithium, beryllium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine as arranged in the periodic table of the elements. The main group includes the elements (except hydrogen, which is sometimes not included) in groups 1 and 2 (s-block), and groups 13 to 18 (p-block). The s-block elements are primarily characterised by one main oxidation state, and the p-block elements, when they have multiple oxidation states, often have common oxidation states separated by two units. Main-group elements (with some of the

neg: Photon upconversion Photon upconversion Photon upconversion (UC) is a process in which the sequential absorption of two or more photons leads to the emission of light at shorter wavelength than the excitation wavelength. It is an anti-Stokes type emission. An example is the conversion of infrared light to visible light. Upconversion can take place in both organic and inorganic materials, through a number of different mechanisms. Organic molecules that can achieve photon upconversion through triplet-triplet annihilation are typically polycyclicaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Inorganic materials capable of photon upconversion often contain ions of d-block or f-block elements. Examples of these ions are Ln, Ti,

neg: Holy Blood (band) elements. Their music is characterized by elements based on Ukrainian folk traditions and Celtic music. They incorporate ethnic instruments such as blockflute and bagpipe. The vocals are high-pitched shrieking but also incorporates folk choirs. The band is influenced by groups such as Ensiferum and Finntroll. "The Wanderer" has been compared to melodic black metal groups such as Dissection but is said to be more modern in sound and style. "The Wanderer" is also said to contain more variety and complex songwriting than "Waves Are Dancing" does. Holy Blood (band) Holy Blood is a folk metal band from Kiev, Ukraine, formed

neg: N-ary group not reducible does not contain such elements. There exist "n"-ary groups with more than one neutral element. If the set of all neutral elements of an "n"-ary group is non-empty it forms an "n"-ary subgroup. Some authors include an identity in the definition of an "n"-ary group but as mentioned above such "n"-ary operations are just repeated binary operations. Groups with intrinsically "n"-ary operations do not have an identity element. The axioms of associativity and unique solutions in the definition of an "n"-ary group are stronger than they need to be. Under the assumption of "n"-ary associativity it suffices to

neg: Platinum group Platinum group The platinum-group metals (abbreviated as the PGMs; alternatively, the platinoids, platinides, platidises, platinum group, platinum metals, platinum family or platinum-group elements (PGEs)) are six noble, precious metallic elements clustered together in the periodic table. These elements are all transition metals in the d-block (groups 8, 9, and 10, periods 5 and 6). The six platinum-group metals are ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, and platinum. They have similar physical and chemical properties, and tend to occur together in the same mineral deposits. However they can be further subdivided into the iridium-group platinum-group elements (IPGEs: Os, Ir, Ru) and the

neg: Three-CCD camera a CCD imager is fixed, so each of the three CCD elements on a 3CCD camera are registered in the factory, and permanently glued onto the optical block, thus eliminating any need for manual alignment (registration) by the end user. Those with an elementary understanding of optics often wrongly assume that the prism assembly in the optical block bends light by refraction into the different colors, as a dispersive prism does. In fact the type of prism used for 3-chip cameras is used only as a beam splitter. Each of the three resulting beams still contain all visible colors, just

neg: Altun Ha site itself consists of a central precinct composed of Groups A and B. Groups A and B and Zones C, D, and E consist of the nucleated area, with Zones G, J, K, M, N making part of the suburban area. The site does not contain any stela, suggesting that stelae were not part of ceremonial procedures. There are two recorded causeways, one in Zone C and one connecting Zone E and Zone F. The Zone C causeway does not connect to any structures, but is probably related to Structure C13, and was perhaps used for ceremonial purposes. The other

neg: Span and div between codice_2 and codice_1. The most notable difference is how the elements are displayed. In standard HTML, a codice_2 is a block-level element whereas a codice_1 is an inline element. The codice_2 block visually isolates a section of a document on the page, and may contain other block-level components. The codice_1 element contains a piece of information inline with the surrounding content, and may only contain other inline-level components. In practice, the default display of the elements can be changed by the use of Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), although the permitted contents of each element may not be changed. For

neg: Order (group theory) the order of every element of a group divides the order of the group. For example, in the symmetric group shown above, where ord(S) = 6, the orders of the elements are 1, 2, or 3. The following partial converse is true for finite groups: if "d" divides the order of a group "G" and "d" is a prime number, then there exists an element of order "d" in "G" (this is sometimes called Cauchy's theorem). The statement does not hold for composite orders, e.g. the Klein four-group does not have an element of order four). This can be shown

neg: Platinum group platinum group metals—ruthenium, rhodium and palladium—are formed as fission products in nuclear reactors. With escalating prices and increasing global demand, reactor-produced noble metals are emerging as an alternative source. Various reports are available on the possibility of recovering fission noble metals from spent nuclear fuel. Platinum group The platinum-group metals (abbreviated as the PGMs; alternatively, the platinoids, platinides, platidises, platinum group, platinum metals, platinum family or platinum-group elements (PGEs)) are six noble, precious metallic elements clustered together in the periodic table. These elements are all transition metals in the d-block (groups 8, 9, and 10, periods 5 and 6). The

neg: DocBook Namespace, so the root element has an "xmlns" attribute to set the current namespace. Also, the root element of a DocBook document must have a "version" that specifies the version of the format that the document is built on. A codice_1 element must contain a codice_18, or an codice_19 element containing a codice_18. This must be before any child structural elements. Following the title are the structural children, in this case, two codice_6 elements. Each of these must have a codice_18. They contain codice_23 block elements, which can contain free text and other inline elements like the codice_15 in the

neg: Electronegativity and so electronegativities calculated by this method are sometimes referred to as spectroscopic electronegativities. The necessary data are available for almost all elements, and this method allows the estimation of electronegativities for elements that cannot be treated by the other methods, e.g. francium, which has an Allen electronegativity of 0.67. However, it is not clear what should be considered to be valence electrons for the d- and f-block elements, which leads to an ambiguity for their electronegativities calculated by the Allen method. In this scale neon has the highest electronegativity of all elements, followed by fluorine, helium, and oxygen. The

neg: Block (periodic table) includes ten columns in the periodic table. The f-block is in the center-left of a 32-column periodic table but in the footnoted appendage of 18-column tables. These elements are not generally considered as part of any group. They are often called inner transition metals because they provide a transition between the s-block and d-block in the 6th and 7th row (period), in the same way that the d-block transition metals provide a transitional bridge between the s-block and p-block in the 4th and 5th rows. The known f-block elements come in two series, the lanthanides of period 6 and the

neg: Block Elements Unicode, which include coverage for 69% (22 out of 32) and 66% (21 out of 32) of the symbols, respectively. The glyphs in Block Elements each share the same character width in most supported fonts, allowing them to be used graphically in row and column arrangements. However, the block doesn't contain a space character of its own and ASCII space may or may not render at the same width as Block Elements glyphs. This fatal flaw tends to discourage their use, as rendering across platforms and browsers is rarely consistent. The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of

neg: Transition metal Transition metal In chemistry, the term transition metal (or transition element) has three possible meanings: English chemist Charles Bury (1890–1968) first used the word "transition" in this context in 1921, when he referred to a "transition series of elements" during the change of an inner layer of electrons (for example n=3 in the 4th row of the periodic table) from a stable group of 8 to one of 18, or from 18 to 32. These elements are now known as the d-block. In the "d"-block the atoms of the elements have between 1 and 10 "d" electrons. The elements of

neg: Homoiconicity keyword). By enclosing the code in square brackets, the interpreter does not evaluate it, but merely treats it as a block containing words: This block has the type block! and can furthermore be assigned as the value of a word by using what appears to be a syntax for assignment, but is actually understood by the interpreter as a special type (codice_17) and takes the form of a word followed by a colon: The block can still be interpreted by using the codice_18 function provided in Rebol (similar to codice_14 in Lisp). It is possible to interrogate the elements of

neg: Conway group A similar construction gives the Hall–Janko group J (order 604,800) as the quotient of the group of quaternionic automorphisms of Λ by the group ±1 of scalars. The seven simple groups described above comprise what Robert Griess calls the second generation of the Happy Family, which consists of the 20 sporadic simple groups found within the Monster group. Several of the seven groups contain at least some of the five Mathieu groups, which comprise the first generation. Co has 4 conjugacy classes of elements of order 3. In M an element of shape 3 generates a group normal in a

neg: Ext2 space in ext2 is split up into blocks. These blocks are grouped into block groups, analogous to cylinder groups in the Unix File System. There are typically thousands of blocks on a large file system. Data for any given file is typically contained within a single block group where possible. This is done to minimize the number of disk seeks when reading large amounts of contiguous data. Each block group contains a copy of the superblock and block group descriptor table, and all block groups contain a block bitmap, an inode bitmap, an inode table, and finally the actual data

neg: McKinsey 7S Framework "hard" technical aspects of organization, but rather the "soft" cultural aspects. Usage The Seven Interdependent Elements "Hard Elements" "Soft Elements" This framework, though highly laudable, gives rise to a few vital points, like: a) What type of analysis is this? Or what is the action triggered after putting your organization into this drill? b) Does this give you real guidelines as to how to proceed further, after the analysis is completed? c) Do we treat this as a guideline or checklist and proceed with using other techniques to formulate further steps? d) There have been other techniques in vogue which

neg: Btrfs is 1:2. They are intended to work like the Orlov block allocator and block groups in ext3 in allocating related files together and resisting fragmentation by leaving allocation gaps between groups. (ext3 block groups, however, have fixed locations computed from the size of the file system, whereas those in Btrfs are dynamic and are created as needed.) Each block group is associated with a "block group item". Inode items in the file system tree include a reference to their current block group. "Extent items" contain a back-reference to the tree node or file occupying that extent. There may be multiple

neg: Group 10 element have a known biological role, but platinum compounds have widely been used as anticancer drugs. Aside from nickel, the elements are toxic for organisms. Group 10 element Group 10, numbered by current IUPAC style, is the group of chemical elements in the periodic table that consists of nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), and perhaps also the chemically uncharacterized darmstadtium (Ds). All are d-block transition metals. All known isotopes of darmstadtium are radioactive with short half-lives, and are not known to occur in nature; only minute quantities have been synthesized in laboratories. Like other groups, the members of this group

neg: Actinide chemistry actinide series encompasses the 15 metallic chemical elements with atomic numbers from 89 to 103, actinium through lawrencium. In contrast to the relatively early flowering of organotransition-metal chemistry (1955 to the present), the corresponding development of actinide organometallic chemistry has taken place largely within the past 15 or so years. During this period, 5f organometallic science has blossomed, and it is now apparent that the actinides have a rich, intricate, and highly informative organometallic chemistry. Intriguing parallels to and sharp differences from the d-block elements have emerged. Actinides can coordinate the organic active groups or bind to carbon by the

neg: Invariant convex cone by "n" matrix and "I" is the "n" by "n" identity matrix. Under this correspondence elements of the complex symplectic group, viewed as block matrices formula_18 act as Möbius transformations, "g"("Z") = ("AZ" + "B")("CZ" + "D"). The unit ball for the operator norm and its closure are left invariant under the corresponding real form of the symplectic group. If an element "g" of the complex symplectic group does not lie in the closure of Olshanski semigroup, it must carry some point "W" of the open unit ball into the complement of its closure. If "g"("W") does not lie in

neg: Group 4 element doses and does not play any natural role inside the human body. Zirconium powder can cause irritation, but only contact with the eyes requires medical attention. OSHA recommendations for zirconium are 5 mg/m time weighted average limit and a 10 mg/m short-term exposure limit. Only limited data exists on the toxicology of hafnium. Group 4 element Group 4 is a group of elements in the periodic table. It contains the elements titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf) and rutherfordium (Rf). This group lies in the d-block of the periodic table. The group itself has not acquired a trivial name; it

neg: Steiner system any block design, Fisher's inequality formula_13 is true in Steiner systems. Given the parameters of a Steiner system and a subset of size formula_14, contained in at least one block, one can compute the number of blocks intersecting that subset in a fixed number of elements by constructing a Pascal triangle. In particular, the number of blocks intersecting a fixed block in any number of elements is independent of the chosen block. The number of blocks that contain any "i"-element set of points is: It can be shown that if there is a Steiner system , where is a prime

neg: Acts of the Martyrs documents, since it does not express anything about the value of the document. The safest criterion is the one indicated by Hippolyte Delehaye, which is based on the degree of sincerity and historicity offered by the literary genre of the document. According to this criterion, six groups of texts are established: If the elements that distinguish the six groups are considered, it is possible to verify that the first and the second refer to a uniform type of texts because of the contemporary and direct nature of the information; the next two contain stories, based in varying degrees, on at

neg: Occupational toxicology an old alchemical principle still not possible without huge sources of energy, and a particle accelerator!). The absorption, disposition and excretion of metals are largely dependent on physical factors, such as solubility, ionisation, particle size and chemical species (for metal salts). About 70–80 elements in the periodic table are considered metals. Groups Ia and IIa, the‘s block’ metals, form monovalent and divalent cations respectively. Groups IIIb to VIb constitute the ‘p block’ elements, which include metals that can have ions of different valencies. These are called the transition elements. Of the metal elements, about 40 are considered to be ‘common’

neg: Compounds of zinc electron shells. That two elements so different in atomic number have the same radius is a consequence of the d-block contraction. Whilst calcium is somewhat larger than magnesium, there is a steady decrease in size as atomic number increases from calcium to zinc. Zn(II) complexes are kinetically labile, i.e. the Zn-ligand bonds exchange with other ligands rapidly. For this reason, zinc ions are at the catalytic centers in many enzymes. Compounds with zinc in the oxidation state +1 are extremely rare. The compounds have the formula RZnR and they contain a Zn — Zn bond analogous to the metal-metal bond

neg: Term symbol database, neutral atoms are identified as I, singly ionized atoms as II, etc. Neutral atoms of the chemical elements have the same term symbol "for each column" in the s-block and p-block elements, but may differ in d-block and f-block elements, if the ground state electron configuration changes within a column. Ground state term symbols for chemical elements are given below. For light atoms, the spin-orbit interaction (or coupling) is small so that the total orbital angular momentum "L" and total spin "S" are good quantum numbers. The interaction between "L" and "S" is known as "LS coupling," "Russell-Saunders" "coupling"

neg: Space group two-color (black and white) crystallographic groups or Shubnikov groups). These symmetries contain an element known as time reversal. They treat time as an additional dimension, and the group elements can include time reversal as reflection in it. They are of importance in magnetic structures that contain ordered unpaired spins, i.e. ferro-, ferri- or antiferromagnetic structures as studied by neutron diffraction. The time reversal element flips a magnetic spin while leaving all other structure the same and it can be combined with a number of other symmetry elements. Including time reversal there are 1651 magnetic space groups in 3D . It

neg: Periodic table (a number of later versions exist, and the last update is from 1st Dec. 2018), emphasizes similarities in the chemistry of the 15 lanthanide elements (La–Lu), possibly at the expense of ambiguity as to which elements occupy the two group 3 positions below yttrium, and a 15-column wide "f" block (there can only be 14 elements in any row of the "f" block). The definition of a transition metal, as given by IUPAC, is an element whose atom has an incomplete d sub-shell, or which can give rise to cations with an incomplete d sub-shell. By this definition all of

neg: Long code (mathematics) interpreted as functions formula_9 on the finite field with two elements. Since there are only formula_10 such functions, the block length of the Walsh-Hadamard code is formula_10. An equivalent definition of the long code is as follows: The Long code encoding of formula_12 is defined to be the truth table of the Boolean dictatorship function on the formula_13th coordinate, i.e., the truth table of formula_14 with formula_15. Thus, the Long code encodes a formula_16-bit string as a formula_17-bit string. The long code does not contain repetitions, in the sense that the function formula_8 computing the formula_19th bit of the output

neg: D-block contraction the trend in the group would be for it to be lower. The second table below shows the trend in the sum of the first three ionization potentials for the elements B, Al, Sc, Y, La. Sc, Y, La are group 3 elements and have three valence electrons above a noble gas electron core. In contrast to the group 13 elements this sequence shows a smooth reduction. Other effects of the d-block contraction are that the Ga ion is smaller than expected, being closer in size to Al. Care must be taken in interpreting the ionization potentials for indium and

neg: High-temperature superconductivity squares. Chemical formulae of superconducting materials generally contain fractional numbers to describe the doping required for superconductivity. There are several families of cuprate superconductors and they can be categorized by the elements they contain and the number of adjacent copper-oxide layers in each superconducting block. For example, YBCO and BSCCO can alternatively be referred to as Y123 and Bi2201/Bi2212/Bi2223 depending on the number of layers in each superconducting block ("n"). The superconducting transition temperature has been found to peak at an optimal doping value ("p"=0.16) and an optimal number of layers in each superconducting block, typically "n"=3. Possible mechanisms for

neg: Block design is also an "s"-("v","k",λ)-design for any "s" with 1 ≤ "s" ≤ "t". (Note that the "lambda value" changes as above and depends on "s".) A consequence of this theorem is that every "t"-design with "t" ≥ 2 is also a 2-design. A "t"-("v","k",1)-design is called a Steiner system. The term "block design" by itself usually means a 2-design. Let D = ("X", "B") be a t-("v","k","λ") design and "p" a point of "X". The "derived design" "D" has point set "X" − {"p"} and as block set all the blocks of D which contain p with p removed. It

neg: Fitkid groups (5-6). In C category, individually 4 elements have to be performed ( one from each type), A or B difficulty, and in groups, two are optional. In B category individually 8 elements need to be performed ( two from each type) A-D difficulty ( but max. two elements can be D), and in groups 4 (same as C category individual). In A category team and individual, 8 elements need to be performed (same as B category) and an acrobatic connection is optional. Skills in A category can be any difficulty. Fitkid Fitkid (also "FitKid", "Fit Kid" or "Fit-Kid") is

neg: Block (periodic table) the s-block, with its outer (and only) electrons in the 1s atomic orbital, although its chemical properties are more similar to the p-block noble gases due to its full shell. In addition to the blocks listed in this table, there is a hypothetical g-block which is not pictured here. The g-block elements can be seen in the expanded extended periodic table. Lanthanum and actinium are placed under scandium and yttrium to reflect their status as d-block elements, as they have no electrons in the 4f and 5f orbitals, respectively, while lutetium and lawrencium do. The s-block is on the left

neg: Schoenflies notation but all of them can be classified by several families. All groups that do not contain several higher-order axes (order 3 or more) can be arranged in a table, as shown below; symbols marked in red should not be used. In crystallography, due to the crystallographic restriction theorem, "n" is restricted to the values of 1, 2, 3, 4, or 6. The noncrystallographic groups are shown with grayed backgrounds. "D" and "D" are also forbidden because they contain improper rotations with "n" = 8 and 12 respectively. The 27 point groups in the table plus "T", "T", "T", "O" and

neg: Lanthanide Lanthanide The lanthanide () or lanthanoid () series of chemical elements comprises the 15 metallic chemical elements with atomic numbers 57 through 71, from lanthanum through lutetium. These elements, along with the chemically similar elements scandium and yttrium, are often collectively known as the rare earth elements. The informal chemical symbol Ln is used in general discussions of lanthanide chemistry to refer to any lanthanide. All but one of the lanthanides are f-block elements, corresponding to the filling of the 4f electron shell; depending on the source, either lanthanum or lutetium is considered a d-block element, but is included due

neg: LiveWired Ministries we invested our time into are doing what LiveWired does as second nature. There is no longer a need for an organization to help people do what they're already doing. I'm so proud of everyone that has invested in us and helped prepare dozens of individuals to help build their churches, communities, and themselves into the best they can be to help others." LiveWired Ministries LiveWired Ministries was an interdenominational Christian organization that promotes the concept of small groups that are designed to meet the needs of every person, providing elements of other kinds of groups (social, support, and service),

neg: Classification of advocacy groups Classification of advocacy groups An advocacy group is a group or an organization which tries to influence the government but does not hold power in the government. Advocacy groups are generally classified according to two broad typologies: their core aims (group–cause typology), and their relationship to government (insider–outsider typology). Early attempts to classify advocacy groups, first developed in the United Kingdom by J. D. Stewart in the 1950s, generally focused on who or what causes they represented. Sometimes referred to as "protectionist groups", "private interest groups" or simply "interest groups". Such groups are normally exclusive, as their membership is usually

neg: Alternating group special linear groups. These are: More obviously, A is isomorphic to the cyclic group Z, and A, A, and A are isomorphic to the trivial group (which is also for any "q"). A is the smallest group demonstrating that the converse of Lagrange's theorem is not true in general: given a finite group "G" and a divisor "d" of , there does not necessarily exist a subgroup of "G" with order "d": the group , of order 12, has no subgroup of order 6. A subgroup of three elements (generated by a cyclic rotation of three objects) with any additional

neg: Monadnock Regional High School advisory period. The first and last blocks (A and E) meet every day for 50 minutes, as does the 45 minute advisory block. Blocks B and C are 75 minutes long, and Block D is 108 minutes (75 min. class, 27 min lunch). Block B, C, and D classes rotate on a 5 period rotation, 3 classes meeting per day. This allows the school to effectively offer 7 periods every semester even though only 5 are offered on any given day. There are three lunches; one lunch before Block D class, one halfway through Block D class, and one after

neg: Millat Town Millat Town Millat Town is a residential suburb located in Faisalabad, Pakistan. It was developed by the Faisalabad Development Authority in the 1980s and is divided into six blocks (A, B, C, D, E and F ). Block A contains 3.5 marlas residential plots, B contains 7 marlas plots, C and D contain 5 marlas plots, E contain 10 marlas plots and F contain plots of 20 marlas/ kanal. During last couple of years this town has developed a lot and is now considered one of the well managed and beautiful towns of Faisalabad. Although the roads of town still

neg: Millat Town need to be paved and repaired. There are many well reputed educational institutions located here including Millat Town Millat Town is a residential suburb located in Faisalabad, Pakistan. It was developed by the Faisalabad Development Authority in the 1980s and is divided into six blocks (A, B, C, D, E and F ). Block A contains 3.5 marlas residential plots, B contains 7 marlas plots, C and D contain 5 marlas plots, E contain 10 marlas plots and F contain plots of 20 marlas/ kanal. During last couple of years this town has developed a lot and is now considered

neg: Marcion of Sinope only eleven books, grouped into two sections: the "Evangelikon", based on Luke with parts removed that did not agree with his views, and the "Apostolikon", a selection of ten epistles of Paul the Apostle (also altered to fit his views), whom Marcion considered the correct interpreter and transmitter of Jesus' teachings. The gospel used by Marcion does not contain elements relating to Jesus' birth and childhood, although it does contain some elements of Judaism, and material challenging Marcion's ditheism. Marcion is sometimes described as a Gnostic philosopher. In some essential respects, Marcion proposed ideas which would have aligned well with

neg: Floris and Blancheflour water that will stain if she has been with a man. She is proven pure, he pardons both lovers, and all is well. The story contains elements of both older heroic sagas and romance. Unlike the usually bloody and martial Romances earlier in the period (e.g. "Havelok the Dane"), this Romance is, indeed, romantic. The older original "aristocratic" version does not contain knightly combat but the "popular" French version that would come later does contain some elements. The story contains themes of conflict between paganism and Christianity. Additionally, unlike other Romances, each section of the story is dependent strictly upon

neg: Period 2 element the third most abundant by number of atoms. There are an almost infinite number of compounds that contain carbon due to carbon's ability to form long stable chains of C — C bonds. The simplest carbon-containing molecules are the hydrocarbons, which contain carbon and hydrogen, although they sometimes contain other elements in functional groups. Hydrocarbons are used as fossil fuels and to manufacture plastics and petrochemicals. All organic compounds, those essential for life, contain at least one atom of carbon. When combined with oxygen and hydrogen, carbon can form many groups of important biological compounds including sugars, lignans, chitins, alcohols,

neg: Electrical network and analysis tools. An active network is a network that contains an active source – either a voltage source or current source. A passive network is a network that does not contain an active source. An active network contains one or more sources of electromotive force. It consists of active elements like a battery or a transistor. Active elements can inject power to the circuit, provide power gain, and control the current flow within the circuit. Passive networks do not contain any sources of electromotive force. They consist of passive elements like resistors and capacitors. These elements are not capable

neg: Period 6 element used in general discussions of lanthanide chemistry. All but one of the lanthanides are f-block elements, corresponding to the filling of the 4f electron shell; lanthanum, a d-block element, is also generally considered to be a lanthanide due to its chemical similarities with the other fourteen. All lanthanide elements form trivalent cations, Ln, whose chemistry is largely determined by the ionic radius, which decreases steadily from lanthanum to lutetium. The lanthanide elements are the group of elements with atomic number increasing from 57 (lanthanum) to 71 (lutetium). They are termed lanthanide because the lighter elements in the series are chemically

neg: Periodic table include a two-element s-block for elements 119 and 120, a new g-block for the next 18 elements, and 30 additional elements continuing the current f-, d-, and p-blocks, culminating in element 168, the next noble gas. More recently, physicists such as Pekka Pyykkö have theorized that these additional elements do not follow the Madelung rule, which predicts how electron shells are filled and thus affects the appearance of the present periodic table. There are currently several competing theoretical models for the placement of the elements of atomic number less than or equal to 172. In all of these it is

neg: 3-transposition group groups of ADE Dynkin diagrams, which are all 3-transposition groups except W(D)=2, with groups on Fischer's list (W stands for Weyl group). The idea of the proof is as follows. Suppose that "D" is the class of 3-transpositions in "G", and "d"∈"D", and let "H" be the subgroup generated by the set "D" of elements of "D" commuting with "d". Then "D" is a set of 3-transpositions of "H", so the 3-transposition groups can be classified by induction on the order by finding all possibilities for "G" given any 3-transposition group "H". For simplicity assume that the derived group of

neg: MIDAS Heritage There are six main themes, each containing several Information Groups, which in turn contain a number of Information Units. The standard aims only to provide a common information framework and does not cover: what software or file format to use; what to call fields and tables in a database and how they are designed; what indexing terms to use; how to record archives and museum collections, or how to redesign an existing information system. • MIDAS Heritage - free download: http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/publications/midas-heritage/ • English Heritage http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/ • Forum on Information Standards in Heritage (FISH) http://fishforum.weebly.com MIDAS Heritage MIDAS Heritage "– the

neg: Exact cover hit "F", an exact hitting set must contain 2 or 7, but not both. If an exact hitting set contains 7, then it doesn't contain 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, as each of these elements are contained in some subset also containing 7. Then there are no more remaining elements, but {7} is not an exactly hitting set, as it doesn't hit "B" or "D". In conclusion, there is no exact hitting set containing 7. On the other hand, if an exact hitting set contains 2, then it doesn't contain 3, 6, or 7, as each of these

neg: Exact cover elements are contained in some subset also containing 2. Because 5 is the only remaining element that hits "D", the exact hitting set must contain 5. If an exact hitting set contains 5, then it doesn't contain 4, as both hit "C". Because 1 is the only remaining element that hits "A", the exact hitting set must contain 1. Then there are no more remaining elements, and {1, 2, 5} is indeed an exact hitting set. Although this example involves the same collection of subsets as the detailed exact cover example above, it is essentially a different problem. In a

neg: Inert pair effect p-block elements of the 4th, 5th and 6th period come after d-block elements, but the electrons present in the intervening d- (and f-) orbitals do not effectively shield the s-electrons of the valence shell. As a result, the "inert pair" of ns electrons remains more tightly held by the nucleus and hence participates less in bond formation . Consider as an example thallium (Tl) in group 13. The +1 oxidation state of Tl is the most stable, while Tl compounds are comparatively rare. The stability of the +1 oxidation state increases in the following sequence: The same trend in stability

neg: Chain complex kernel of "d" are called (co)cycles (or closed elements), and the elements in the image of "d" are called (co)boundaries (or exact elements). Right from the definition of the differential, all boundaries are cycles. The "n"-th (co)homology group "H" ("H") is the group of (co)cycles modulo (co)boundaries in degree "n", that is, An exact sequence (or exact complex) is a chain complex whose homology groups are all zero. This means all closed elements in the complex are exact. A short exact sequence is a bounded exact sequence in which only the groups "A", "A", "A" may be nonzero. For example,

neg: Periodic table another linking or bridging group. Lutetium behaves chemically as a lanthanide but shows a mix of lanthanide and transition metal physical properties. Lawrencium, as an analogue of lutetium, would presumably display like characteristics. The coinage metals in group 11 (copper, silver, and gold) are chemically capable of acting as either transition metals or main group metals. The volatile group 12 metals, zinc, cadmium and mercury are sometimes regarded as linking the "d" block to the "p" block. Notionally they are "d" block elements but they have few transition metal properties and are more like their "p" block neighbors in group

neg: Point group one dimension come in infinite families, but from the crystallographic restriction theorem and one of Bieberbach's theorems, each number of dimensions has only a finite number of point groups that are symmetric over some lattice or grid with that number. These are the crystallographic point groups. Point groups can be classified into "chiral" (or purely rotational) groups and "achiral" groups. The chiral groups are subgroups of the special orthogonal group SO("d"): they contain only orientation-preserving orthogonal transformations, i.e., those of determinant +1. The achiral groups contain also transformations of determinant −1. In an achiral group, the orientation-preserving transformations form a

neg: Ionic bonding form cations. Ionic bonding can result from a redox reaction when atoms of an element (usually metal), whose ionization energy is low, give some of their electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration. In doing so, cations are formed. An atom of another element (usually nonmetal) with greater electron affinity accepts the electron(s) to attain a stable electron configuration, and after accepting electron(s) an atom becomes an anion. Typically, the stable electron configuration is one of the noble gases for elements in the s-block and the p-block, and particular stable electron configurations for d-block and f-block elements. The electrostatic attraction

neg: Transposable element as a means of producing antibody diversity. The V(D)J recombination system operates by a mechanism similar to that of some TEs. TEs can contain many types of genes, including those conferring antibiotic resistance and ability to transpose to conjugative plasmids. Some TEs also contain integrons, genetic elements that can capture and express genes from other sources. These contain integrase, which can integrate gene cassettes. There are over 40 antibiotic resistance genes identified on cassettes, as well as virulence genes. Transposons do not always excise their elements precisely, sometimes removing the adjacent base pairs; this phenomenon is called exon shuffling. Shuffling

neg: Transition metal left hand side of the periodic table from group 3 to group 7. Late transition metals are on the right side of the d-block, from group 8 to 11 (and 12 if it is counted as transition metals). The general electronic configuration of the "d"-block elements is [Inert gas] ("n" − 1)"d""n s". The period 6 and 7 transition metals also add ("n" − 2)"f" electrons, which are omitted from the tables below. The Madelung rule predicts that the typical electronic structure of transition metal atoms can be written as [inert gas]"ns"("n" − 1)"d" where the inner "d" orbital is

neg: Bacteriochlorophyll a chlorin macrocycle ring with one reduced pyrrole ring (D). Bacteriochlorophyll Bacteriochlorophylls are photosynthetic pigments that occur in various phototrophic bacteria. They were discovered by C. B. van Niel in 1932. They are related to chlorophylls, which are the primary pigments in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. Groups that contain bacteriochlorophyll conduct photosynthesis, but do not produce oxygen. They use wavelengths of light not absorbed by plants or Cyanobacteria. Different groups contain different types of bacteriochlorophyll: Bacteriochlorophylls "a", "b", and "g" are bacteriochlorins, meaning their molecules have a bacteriochlorin macrocycle ring with two reduced pyrrole rings (B and D). Bacteriochlorophylls "c",

neg: Bacteriochlorophyll Bacteriochlorophyll Bacteriochlorophylls are photosynthetic pigments that occur in various phototrophic bacteria. They were discovered by C. B. van Niel in 1932. They are related to chlorophylls, which are the primary pigments in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. Groups that contain bacteriochlorophyll conduct photosynthesis, but do not produce oxygen. They use wavelengths of light not absorbed by plants or Cyanobacteria. Different groups contain different types of bacteriochlorophyll: Bacteriochlorophylls "a", "b", and "g" are bacteriochlorins, meaning their molecules have a bacteriochlorin macrocycle ring with two reduced pyrrole rings (B and D). Bacteriochlorophylls "c", "d", "e", and "f" are chlorins, meaning their molecules have

neg: Group 12 element metal-metal bond and a diamagnetic species. Cadmium can also form species such as [CdCl] in which the metal's oxidation state is +1. Just as with mercury, the formation of a metal-metal bond results in a diamagnetic compound in which there are no unpaired electrons; thus, making the species very reactive. Zinc(I) is known only in the gas phase, in such compounds as linear ZnCl, analogous to calomel. The elements in group 12 are usually considered to be d-block elements, but not transition elements as the d-shell is full. Some authors classify these elements as main-group elements because the valence electrons

neg: Group 12 element It was then officially named by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) after Nicolaus Copernicus on February 19, 2010, the 537th anniversary of Copernicus' birth. Like in most other d-block groups, the abundance in Earth's crust of group 12 elements decreases with higher atomic number. Zinc is with 65 parts per million (ppm) the most abundant in the group while cadmium with 0.1 ppm and mercury with 0.08 ppm are orders of magnitude less abundant. Copernicium, as a synthetic element with a half-life of a few minutes, may only be present in the laboratories where it was

neg: Group 10 element Group 10 element Group 10, numbered by current IUPAC style, is the group of chemical elements in the periodic table that consists of nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), and perhaps also the chemically uncharacterized darmstadtium (Ds). All are d-block transition metals. All known isotopes of darmstadtium are radioactive with short half-lives, and are not known to occur in nature; only minute quantities have been synthesized in laboratories. Like other groups, the members of this group show patterns in electron configuration, especially in the outermost shells, although for this group they are particularly weak, with palladium being an exceptional case.

neg: Group 3 element a significantly smaller atomic radius and a higher nucleus charge, thus making the extraction of the electrons from the atom to form metallic bonding more difficult, and thus making the metal harder. However, lutetium suits the previous elements better in several other properties, such as melting and boiling points. Very little is known about lawrencium, and none of its physical properties have been confirmed. It is disputed whether lanthanum and actinium should be included in group 3, rather than lutetium and lawrencium. Other d-block groups are composed of four transition metals, and group 3 is sometimes considered to follow suit.

neg: STANAG 3910 fields [sic] are required to contain the actual lengths of the following info fields in words, if the receiving RT implements a feature called "word count checking", then the length of the info field may be less than 32 times the block count value in the HS action word by up to 31 words. In effect, the last block of an HS message may vary in length from 1 to 32 words. If the receiving terminal does not implement word count checking then the length of the info field shall be the block count multiplied by 32. The standard does

neg: Examples of groups two elements in the group, the table records what their composition is. Here we wrote ""a""b"" as a shorthand for "a" ∘ "b". In mathematics this group is known as the dihedral group of order 8, and is either denoted "Dih", "D" or "D", depending on the convention. This was an example of a non-abelian group: the operation ∘ here is not commutative, which you can see from the table; the table is not symmetrical about the main diagonal. The dihedral group of order 8 is isomorphic to the . The free group with two generators "a" and "b" consists