query: the upward part of the business cycle is called the

pos: Business cycle been a recession into the Great Depression. Business cycle The business cycle, also known as the economic cycle or trade cycle, is the downward and upward movement of gross domestic product (GDP) around its long-term growth trend. The length of a business cycle is the period of time containing a single boom and contraction in sequence. These fluctuations typically involve shifts over time between periods of relatively rapid economic growth (expansions or booms), and periods of relative stagnation or decline (contractions or recessions). Business cycles are usually measured by considering the growth rate of real gross domestic product. Despite the

pos: Business cycle Business cycle The business cycle, also known as the economic cycle or trade cycle, is the downward and upward movement of gross domestic product (GDP) around its long-term growth trend. The length of a business cycle is the period of time containing a single boom and contraction in sequence. These fluctuations typically involve shifts over time between periods of relatively rapid economic growth (expansions or booms), and periods of relative stagnation or decline (contractions or recessions). Business cycles are usually measured by considering the growth rate of real gross domestic product. Despite the often-applied term cycles, these fluctuations in economic

pos: Business cycle loss of profitability and reluctance to lend resulting in a credit crunch. When the yield curve is upward sloping, banks can profitably take-in short term deposits and make long-term loans so they are eager to supply credit to borrowers. This eventually leads to a credit bubble. Henry George claimed land price fluctuations were the primary cause of most business cycles. The theory is generally discounted by modern mainstream economists. Many social indicators, such as mental health, crimes, and suicides, worsen during economic recessions (though general mortality tends to fall, and it is in expansions when it tends to increase). As

neg: Inflationary gap makes an upward pressure on the price level, consequently causing inflation. The once created gap between real GDP and potential GDP was the sign of forthcoming inflation, this is another reason this type gap is called an inflationary gap. The main cause of the gap is considered to be expansionary monetary policies carried out by the government. An inflationary gap is a signal that the economy is in the boom part of the trade cycle\business cycle, resources are being used over their capacity, factories are operating with increasing average costs; wage rates increase because labour is used beyond normal hours

neg: Yield curve every occurrence of an inverted yield curve has been followed by recession as declared by the NBER business cycle dating committee. Estrella and others have postulated that the yield curve affects the business cycle via the balance sheet of banks (or bank-like financial institutions). When the yield curve is inverted banks are often caught paying more on short-term deposits (or other forms of short-term wholesale funding) than they are making on long-term loans leading to a loss of profitability and reluctance to lend resulting in a credit crunch. When the yield curve is upward sloping, banks can profitably take-in short

neg: Upward planar drawing characterization is possible for graphs with a single source. In this case an upward planar embedding must have the source on the outer face, and every undirected cycle of the graph must have at least one vertex at which both cycle edges are incoming (for instance, the vertex with the highest placement in the drawing). Conversely, if an embedding has both of these properties, then it is equivalent to an upward embedding. Several special cases of upward planarity testing are known to be possible in polynomial time: However, it is NP-complete to determine whether a planar directed acyclic graph with

neg: Technology shock technological advancement in the e commerce business, it allowed for user interaction benefiting businesses in different ways. It allowed for user feedback, ratings, comments, user content, etc. Web 2.0 revolutionized the online business as a whole, an example of a positive technology shock. Real business cycle theory (RBCT) is the theory where any type of shock has a ripple effect into many other shocks. To relate this to current times the upward price on oil is a RBCT because of the negative technology shock that happened due to the raise in price for the process of extracting of the oil.

neg: Upward communication of business process re-engineering in many organisations. Upward communication is widely used as part of whistleblowing policy in many large organisations. Under whistle blowing policy, each employee is permitted to directly communicate with top management about matters requiring examination on vigilance angle. Hence it is used as a fraud prevention tool as well. Upward communication keeps managers aware of how employees feel about their jobs, policies and procedures, and the business in general. It consists of methods like Feedback from employees, helps in bringing Mutual Trust and helps the organization to determine, implement or decide upon new policies. It keeps

neg: Crest and trough Crest and trough A crest is the point on a wave with the maximum value of upward displacement within a cycle. A crest is a point on a surface wave where the displacement of the medium is at a maximum. A trough is the opposite of a crest, so the minimum or lowest point in a cycle. When the crests and troughs of two sine waves of equal amplitude and frequency intersect or collide, while being in phase with each other, the result is called "constructive" interference and the magnitudes double (above and below the line). When in antiphase –

neg: Business cycle accounting Business cycle accounting Business cycle accounting is an accounting procedure used in macroeconomics to decompose business cycle fluctuations into contributing factors. The procedure was introduced by V. V. Chari, Patrick Kehoe, and Ellen McGrattan but is similar to techniques introduced earlier. The underlying premise of the procedure is that the economy has a long run trajectory which is perturbed by various frictions. These are called wedges and the earliest version of the procedure includes a productivity wedge, a labor wedge, an investment wedge and a government consumption wedge. Business cycle accounting decomposes fluctuations in macroeconomic variables, such as GDP or

neg: Hawaiian scale a compromise between two methods of expressing the combined effects of a wave's average upward and average downward deviations from mean sea level, namely "a") the sum of the absolute value of a sine wave's average (mean) deviation during its upward half-cycle and the absolute value of that mean deviation during its downward half-cycle (|0.637| + |-0.637| ≈ 1.273) and "b") the sum of the root mean square (RMS) amplitude of each of those half-cycles, "i.e.", twice the RMS amplitude of either half-cycle (2[0.707] ≈ 1.4014), each of which expressions is within between 0.06 and 0.07, or within between 4.5%

neg: Business cycle acceptable level of statistical significance. Korotayev & Tsirel also detected shorter business cycles, dating the Kuznets to about 17 years and calling it the third sub-harmonic of the Kondratiev, meaning that there are three Kuznets cycles per Kondratiev. In recent years economic theory has moved towards the study of "economic fluctuation" rather than a 'business cycle' – though some economists use the phrase 'business cycle' as a convenient shorthand. For example, Milton Friedman said that calling the business cycle a "cycle" is a misnomer, because of its non-cyclical nature. Friedman believed that for the most part, excluding very large supply

neg: Low-pressure area share one important aspect, that of upward vertical motion within the troposphere. Such upward motions decrease the mass of local atmospheric columns of air, which lowers surface pressure. Extratropical cyclones form as waves along weather fronts due to a passing by shortwave aloft or upper level jet streak before occluding later in their life cycle as cold-core cyclones. Polar lows are small-scale, short-lived atmospheric low-pressure systems that occur over the ocean areas poleward of the main polar front in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. They are part of the larger class of mesoscale weather-systems. Polar lows can be difficult

neg: Austrian business cycle theory Austrian business cycle theory The Austrian business cycle theory (ABCT) is an economic theory developed by the Austrian School of economics about how business cycles occur. The theory views business cycles as the consequence of excessive growth in bank credit due to artificially low interest rates set by a central bank or fractional reserve banks. The Austrian business cycle theory originated in the work of Austrian School economists Ludwig von Mises and Friedrich Hayek. Hayek won the Nobel Prize in economics in 1974 (shared with Gunnar Myrdal) in part for his work on this theory. Proponents believe that a sustained

neg: Ewe music axatse part which accompanies the standard pattern is: "pa ti pa pa ti pa ti pa ti pa pa." The "pa's" sound the standard pattern by striking the gourd against the knee. The "ti's" sound pulses in between the bell strokes, by raising the gourd in an upward motion and striking it with the free hand. As is common with many African rhythms, the axatse part begins (first "pa") on the second stroke of the bell (1a), and the last "pa" coincides with 1. By ending on the beginning of the cycle, the axatse part contributes to the cyclic nature

neg: Sig Sauer System in the magazine upward as the empty case is ejected. The slide then returns forward to its battery position. As it moves, the breechblock strikes the cartridge that is at the top of the magazine and pushes it into the chamber. Once it has fully returned to its locked position, it is referred to as being "in battery". This completes the reloading cycle. If the last cartridge in the magazine has been fired, the plate in the magazine that pushed the cartridges upward pushed a lever upward that will catch the slide and hold it open. This is a clear

neg: Pumping station will be started to lift the sewage upward through a pressurized pipe system called a "sewer force main" if the sewage is transported some significant distance. The pumping station may be called a "lift station" if the pump merely discharges into a nearby gravity manhole. From here the cycle starts all over again until the sewage reaches its point of destination—usually a treatment plant. By this method, pumping stations are used to move waste to higher elevations. In the case of high sewage flows into the well (for example during peak flow periods and wet weather) additional pumps will be

neg: Ewe drumming between the bell strokes, by raising the gourd in an upward motion and striking it with the free hand. As is common with many African rhythms, the axatse part begins (first "pa") on the second stroke of the bell (1a), and the last "pa" coincides with 1. By ending on the beginning of the cycle, the axatse part contributes to the cyclic nature of the overall rhythm. See: standard bell with accompanying axatse part. Atsiagbekor. In almost all West African drumming ensembles, a "lead drum" or "master drum" leads the group. The master drummer tells the ensemble when to play

neg: IT asset management be simple, secure and efficient because a small business IT professional's time is very valuable. IT asset management IT asset management (ITAM) is the set of business practices that join financial, contractual and inventory functions to support life cycle management and strategic decision making for the IT environment. Assets include all elements of software and hardware that are found in the business environment. IT asset management (also called IT inventory management) is an important part of an organization's strategy. It usually involves gathering detailed hardware and software inventory information which is then used to make decisions about hardware and software

neg: Madsen machine gun Martini breechblock. The recoil operation is part short and part long recoil. After firing a round to start the open bolt firing cycle, the initial recoil impulse drives the barrel, barrel extension, and bolt to the rear. A pin on the right side of the bolt moves backward in grooves in an operating cam plate mounted to the right side of the receiver. After of travel, the bolt is cammed upward, away from the breech (the "short" portion of the recoil system). The barrel and barrel extension continue to move rearward to a point slightly exceeding the combined overall length

neg: Shipping cycle and unpredictable: the duration of a single stage can vary from months to years. The ranges of the freight rates (from lowest to highest level one cycle) fluctuate between cycles as well. Long cycles are routinely referred to as trends in economics. Trends are the long term upward, downward or stagnating levels of freight rates around which short cycles oscillate. They are hard to identify and different causes are given for their occurrence. Shipping cycle A shipping market cycle vaighes weds norain shipping cycle is a particular type of economic cycle. These cycles correct markets when supply and demand are

neg: Welfare cost of inflation base as the definition of money. Lucas places the cost of a 10 percent inflation at 0.45 percent of GDP using M1 as the measure of money. Lucas (2000) revised his estimate upward, to slightly less than 1 percent of GDP. Ireland (2009) extends this line of analysis to study the recent behavior of U.S. money demand. Structural models are a recent alternative to econometric estimates of the triangle under an estimated money demand curve. Cooley and Hansen (1989) calibrate a cash-in-advance version of a business cycle model. They find that the welfare cost of 10 per cent inflation is

neg: Peak inverse voltage peak inverse voltage (PIV) or peak reverse voltage (PRV) is the maximum value of reverse voltage which occurs at the peak of the input cycle when the diode is reverse-biased. The portion of the sinusoidal waveform which repeats or duplicates itself is known as the cycle. The part of the cycle above the horizontal axis is called the positive half-cycle, or alternation; the part of the cycle below the horizontal axis is called the negative alternation. With reference to the amplitude of the cycle, the peak inverse voltage is specified as the maximum negative value of the sine-wave within a

neg: Upward communication Upward communication Upward Communication is the process of information flowing from the lower levels of a hierarchy to the upper levels. This type of communication is becoming more popular in organizations as traditional forms of communication are becoming less popular. The more traditional organization types such as a hierarchy, places people into separate ranks. Upward communication helps employees to express their requirements, ideas, and feelings. For the top management, upward communication is an important source of information for business decisions. It helps in alerting top management about the requirement of changes in an organisations. Upward contribution is the core contributor

neg: Peripheral cycle Peripheral cycle In graph theory, a peripheral cycle (or peripheral circuit) in an undirected graph is, intuitively, a cycle that does not separate any part of the graph from any other part. Peripheral cycles (or, as they were initially called, peripheral polygons, because Tutte called cycles "polygons") were first studied by , and play important roles in the characterization of planar graphs and in generating the cycle spaces of nonplanar graphs. A peripheral cycle formula_1 in a graph formula_2 can be defined formally in one of several equivalent ways: The equivalence of these definitions is not hard to see: a

neg: Klavierstücke (Stockhausen) appropriate because in the "Licht" cycle "Monday" is Eve's day (; ). Second, while the Michael formula is essentially unaltered, both the Eve and Lucifer layers are made to "seem to be" inverted, by a process that Stockhausen called "Schein-Spiegelung", or "apparent inversion" . This is accomplished by exchanging some of the neighbouring core tones of the melodies. For example, in its original form, the Lucifer formula consists of a hammering, repeated-note low G followed by a powerful, crescendoing upward leap of a major seventh to F. This is followed by an ascending scale-like figure, filling in the same interval.

neg: Ericsson cycle closely resemble Ericsson's work. Ericsson eventually abandoned the open cycle in favor of the traditional closed Stirling cycle. Ericsson's engine can easily be modified to operate in a closed-cycle mode, using a second, lower-pressure, cooled container between the original exhaust and intake. In closed cycle, the lower pressure can be significantly above ambient pressure, and He or H working gas can be used. Because of the higher pressure difference between the upward and downward movement of the work-piston, specific output can be greater than of a valveless Stirling engine. The added cost is the valve. Ericsson's engine also minimizes mechanical

neg: History of the steam engine he ran cold water over the reservoir. Operation required several valves; when the reservoir was empty at the start of a cycle a valve was opened to admit steam. The valve was closed to seal the reservoir and the cooling water valve turned on to condense the steam and create a partial vacuum. A supply valve was opened, pulling water upward into the reservoir, and the typical engine could pull water up to 20 feet. This was closed and the steam valve reopened, building pressure over the water and pumping it upward, as in the Worcester design. The cycle essentially

neg: Heinkel He 177 system was adopted. Instead of a wheel leg under each engine nacelle, two wheel legs were attached to the main spar at each nacelle, the outboard legs retracting upward and outward into shallow wing wells and the inboard legs swinging upward and inward into similar wells in the wing roots, with all units enclosed by flush fitting wheel and strut doors, which almost met under each engine nacelle when fully extended. During the retraction cycle, the forward-oriented lever-action lower gear strut sections, on which the wheels were mounted onto their axles, pivoted during the retraction cycle to a 90° angle

neg: IT asset management IT asset management IT asset management (ITAM) is the set of business practices that join financial, contractual and inventory functions to support life cycle management and strategic decision making for the IT environment. Assets include all elements of software and hardware that are found in the business environment. IT asset management (also called IT inventory management) is an important part of an organization's strategy. It usually involves gathering detailed hardware and software inventory information which is then used to make decisions about hardware and software purchases and redistribution. IT inventory management helps organizations manage their systems more effectively and saves

neg: Stirling cycle overall system is only about half of the theoretical limit. Figure 6 shows a graph of the alpha-type Stirling engine data, where 'Q' denotes heat energy, and 'W' denotes work energy. The blue dotted line shows the work output of the compression space. As the trace dips down, work is done on the gas as it is compressed. During the expansion process of the cycle, some work is actually done "on" the compression piston, as reflected by the upward movement of the trace. At the end of the cycle, this value is negative, indicating that compression piston requires a net

neg: Urdhva mukha shvanasana Urdhva mukha shvanasana Ūrdhva mukha śvānāsana (; ; IAST: "Urdhva mukha śvānāsana") or Upward Facing Dog Pose is a back-bending asana in hatha yoga. It is commonly part of the widely-performed Surya Namaskar (salute to the sun) sequence, though the similar Bhujangasana (cobra pose) may be used there instead. The pose is entered with an inhalation from a prone position (or from a pose in a Surya Namaskar cycle), taking the feet a little apart. The legs are stretched out straight, the toes out (not tucked under), and the weight of the body is supported on the hands with outstretched

neg: Royal Enfield Royal Enfield Royal Enfield was a brand name under which The Enfield Cycle Company Limited of Redditch, Worcestershire sold motorcycles, bicycles, lawnmowers and stationary engines which they had manufactured. Enfield Cycle Company also used the brand name Enfield without Royal. The first Royal Enfield motorcycle was built in 1901. The Enfield Cycle Company is responsible for the design and original production of the Royal Enfield Bullet, the longest-lived motorcycle design in history. Enfield's remaining motorcycle business became part of Norton Villiers in 1967 and that business closed in 1978. George Townsend set up a business in 1851 in Redditch making

neg: Urdhva mukha shvanasana arms so the hips are off the ground. The gaze is directed straight upwards, so the neck and back are arched. Urdhva mukha shvanasana Ūrdhva mukha śvānāsana (; ; IAST: "Urdhva mukha śvānāsana") or Upward Facing Dog Pose is a back-bending asana in hatha yoga. It is commonly part of the widely-performed Surya Namaskar (salute to the sun) sequence, though the similar Bhujangasana (cobra pose) may be used there instead. The pose is entered with an inhalation from a prone position (or from a pose in a Surya Namaskar cycle), taking the feet a little apart. The legs are stretched

neg: Phyllosticta minima as spores in leaf litter. In the spring, wind and rain carry the spores upward. When they land on leaves, they begin to grow, creating asexual pycnidia (also called conidiophores) which hold conidia. The conidia disperse and this cycle continues for the duration of the season, producing and spreading more and more conidia, until leaves carrying the spores fall and lack of resources or stress causes the spores to settle in for the winter. Purple-bordered leaf spot is primarily cosmetic, especially on mature or vigorous trees. However, the disease can defoliate trees early in the growing season. Although they often

neg: Real business-cycle theory is that) real business cycle models of the type urged on us by [Ed] Prescott have nothing to do with the business cycle phenomena observed in the United States or other capitalist economies." — Real business-cycle theory Real business-cycle theory (RBC theory) is a class of new classical macroeconomics models in which business-cycle fluctuations to a large extent can be accounted for by real (in contrast to nominal) shocks. Unlike other leading theories of the business cycle, RBC theory sees business cycle fluctuations as the efficient response to exogenous changes in the real economic environment. That is, the level of

neg: Tarsus (skeleton) the screw. Average subtalar motion is 20-30 degrees inversion and 5-10 degrees eversion. Functional motion during the gait cycle is 10-15 degrees (the heel strikes the ground in slight inversion followed by quick eversion). The talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joints (i.e. between the talus and navicular bones, and the calcaneus and cuboid bones) form the so-called transverse tarsal joint or Chopart's joint. It has two axes of motion. Inversion and eversion occur about a longitudinal axis oriented 15 degrees upward from the horizontal plane and 9 degrees medially from the longitudinal axis of the foot. Flexion and extension occur primarily about

neg: Michał Kalecki considers that a simplified form is the following equation: That is, capitalists' consumption depends on a fixed part (independent part), the term formula_8, and a proportional share of profits, the term formula_9, which is called the marginal propensity to consume of the capitalists. If this consumption function is substituted into the profit equation, we have: Expressed in terms of formula_10, this gives: The advantage of the above manipulation is that we have reduced the two earnings determinants (capitalists' consumption and investment) to only one (investment). Income distribution is the other pillar of Kalecki's efforts to build a business cycle theory.

neg: History of South Carolina mothers as slaves, regardless of the race or nationality of the father. In the Upper South, there were many mixed-race slaves with white planter fathers. With a decrease in English settlers as the economy improved in England before the beginning of the 18th century, the planters began to rely chiefly on enslaved Africans for labor. The market for land functioned efficiently and reflected both rapid economic development and widespread optimism regarding future economic growth. The frequency and turnover rate for land sales were tied to the general business cycle; the overall trend was upward, with almost half of the sales

neg: Johan Henrik Åkerman of Economic Life, announced his life-long interest in business cycle theory .There was, in his view, a strict synchronization between short and long cycles. Åkerman's attempts to formulate a theory would involve incorporating a prescient concern with an endogenous business cycle theory reliant in part upon seasonal cycles which, he argued, were correlated with and could propagate large and longer economic swings. Åkerman's "causal association" (1931) theory is a precedent to very recent work on seasonal cycles. Åkerman was also the first to identify the "political business cycle" (1947).Åkerman also pursued more expansive work In his two monumental volumes on

neg: University of Delaware data center. The data center plan included a combined heat cycle natural gas-fired power plant capable of generating 279 megawatts of energy. TDC claimed that the power plant was critical to ensuring an uninterrupted electrical power supply to the facility, which is critical for data integrity. The TDC business plan also called for sale of excess electricity. Portions of the Newark community questioned the business plan, claiming that the power plant is not an auxiliary part of the data center but a separate industrial use, which would violate the zoning of the STAR campus. On April 28, 2014, the City

neg: Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar means to encourage harmony and co-operation to help society escape this proposed cycle. Sarkar argues that once the social cycle is understood and "sadvipras" evolved, then the periods of exploitation can be largely reduced, if not eliminated. With leadership that is representative of all aspects of the "varnas" — that is, the leader engaged in service, who is courageous, who uses the intellect for the benefits of others, and who has innovative/entrepreneurial skills — the cycle can become an upward spiral. Sarkar's concept of "karma samnyasa" refers to the principle that a yogi becomes a person with all-round development and

neg: Collatz conjecture in a closed loop. For this shortcut definition, the only known cycle is (1; 2). Although 4 is part of the single known cycle for the original Collatz map, it is not part of the cycle for the shortcut map. A "k"-cycle is a cycle that can be partitioned into 2"k" contiguous subsequences: "k" increasing sequences of odd numbers alternating with "k" decreasing sequences of even numbers. For instance, if the cycle consists of a single increasing sequence of odd numbers followed by a decreasing sequence of even numbers, it is called a "1-cycle". Steiner (1977) proved that there is

neg: Cycle space the endpoints of formula_24. The set of cycles formula_25 formed in this way are linearly independent (each one contains an edge formula_24 that does not belong to any of the other cycles) and has the correct size formula_21 to be a basis, so it necessarily is a basis. A basis formed in this way is called a fundamental cycle basis. If there exists a linear ordering of the cycles in a cycle basis such that each cycle includes at least one edge that is not part of any previous cycle, then the cycle basis is called weakly fundamental. Every fundamental

neg: Whistler (radio) the planet until totally attenuated. To clarify which part of this hop pattern the signal is in, it is specified by a number, indicating the portion of the bounce path it is currently on. On its first upward path, it is known as a codice_1. After passing the geomagnetic equator, it is referred to as a codice_2. The + or - sign indicates either upward or downward propagation, respectively. The numeral represents the half-bounce currently in progress. The reflected signal is redesignated codice_2, until passing the geomagnetic equator again; then it is called codice_4, and so on. Whistlers were first

neg: Hemiepiphyte and "strangle" it. This usually results in the death of the host tree, either through girdling or through competition for light. Strangler figs can also germinate and develop as independent trees, not reliant on the support of a host. Hemiepiphyte A hemiepiphyte is a plant that spends part of its life cycle as an epiphyte. The seeds of primary hemiepiphytes germinate in the canopy and initially live epiphytically. They send roots downward, and these roots eventually make contact with the ground. Secondary epiphytes are root-climbers that begin as rooted vines growing upward from the forest floor, but later break their

neg: Cell growth briefly at M phase when the nucleus and then the cell divide in two. The process of cell division, called cell cycle, has four major parts called phases. The first part, called G phase is marked by synthesis of various enzymes that are required for DNA replication. The second part of the cell cycle is the S phase, where DNA replication produces two identical sets of chromosomes. The third part is the G phase in which a significant protein synthesis occurs, mainly involving the production of microtubules that are required during the process of division, called mitosis. The fourth phase,

neg: Hemiepiphyte Hemiepiphyte A hemiepiphyte is a plant that spends part of its life cycle as an epiphyte. The seeds of primary hemiepiphytes germinate in the canopy and initially live epiphytically. They send roots downward, and these roots eventually make contact with the ground. Secondary epiphytes are root-climbers that begin as rooted vines growing upward from the forest floor, but later break their connection to the ground. When this happens, they may send down long roots to the ground. Strangler figs are hemiepiphytic – they may begin life as epiphytes but after making contact with the ground they encircle their host tree

neg: Metaclass (i.e. objects that appear in a cycle formed by a combination of blue or green links) and a user-part which has four explicit objects: classes codice_62 and codice_63 and terminal objects codice_64 and codice_65. Green links show the child→parent relation of inheritance (with the implicit upward direction), blue links show the complementary member→container relation of instantiation (a blue link from "x" points to the least actual container of "x" that is the start point for the method lookup when a method is invoked on "x"). Gray nodes display the eigenclasses (resp. implicit metaclasses in the case of Smalltalk-80). The diagram

neg: Canned cycle Canned cycle A canned cycle is a way of conveniently performing repetitive CNC machine operations. Canned cycles automate certain machining functions such as drilling, boring, threading, pocketing, etc... Canned cycles are so called because they allow a concise way to program a machine to produce a feature of a part. A canned cycle is also known as a fixed cycle. A canned cycle is usually permanently stored as a pre-program in the machine's controller and cannot be altered by the user. The operation of a CNC machine tool is typically controlled by a "part program" written a language known as

neg: Internal combustion engine The crankcase and the part of the cylinder below the exhaust port is used as a pump. The operation of the Day cycle engine begins when the crankshaft is turned so that the piston moves from BDC upward (toward the head) creating a vacuum in the crankcase/cylinder area. The carburetor then feeds the fuel mixture into the crankcase through a reed valve or a rotary disk valve (driven by the engine). There are cast in ducts from the crankcase to the port in the cylinder to provide for intake and another from the exhaust port to the exhaust pipe. The

neg: Nitro engine engines, which means that it takes 2 strokes of the piston (one revolution) to complete the engine cycle. On the first stroke as the piston travels upward, a mixture of fuel and air is sucked into the crankcase, from the carburettor. When the piston travels downward the new fuel air mixture travels into the induction port and finally into the combustion chamber. As the piston travels upward the mixture is compressed which causes the fuel/air mixture to ignite, producing hot gas under pressure to force the piston down. As the piston travels downward the spent exhaust gases escape out of

neg: Upward Sports by 2,600 churches in 46 states and Canada, representing various evangelical denominations. Upward Sports equips local churches with everything needed to run their own leagues, including training, playbooks, sports apparel and other online tools. The Upward complex is separated into two buildings. The Corporate offices and the Distribution/Warehouse. The corporate offices house all the day-to-day business related to managing the company. Volunteer opportunities in Upward Sports' leagues include: Head coach, assistant coach, advertising commissioner, evaluation and orientation team, greeter, concessions, set-up and cleanup crew, cheerleading coach, referee, prayer partner, half-time devotion team, scorekeeper, follow-up team, and other opportunities. Upward Sports

neg: Vaca Muerta "Cricosaurus" and possibly "Geosaurus", the ichthyosaur "Caypullisaurus", and the pterosaurs "Herbstosaurus" and "Wenupteryx". The Vaca Muerta Formation represents the most distal facies of the Lower Mendoza Mesosequence, a Tithonian–Valanginian broad shallowing-upward sedimentary cycle. In the southern part of the Neuquén Basin the Lower Mendoza Mesosequence includes the basinal deposits of the Vaca Muerta Formation (early to middle Tithonian), which to the south-southeast change to mixed carbonate-siliciclastic nearshore deposits of the Carrin Cura Formation (lower part of the middle Tithonian) and Picún Leufú Formation (middle Tithonian – lower Berriasian), and to continental deposits of the Bajada Colorada Formation of Tithonian –

neg: Economic Cycle Research Institute Economic Cycle Research Institute The Economic Cycle Research Institute (ECRI) based in New York, is an independent institute formed in 1996 by Geoffrey H. Moore, Anirvan Banerji and Lakshman Achuthan. ECRI’s stated mission is to preserve and advance the tradition of business cycle research established by Dr. Moore at the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) and Center for International Business Cycle Research (CIBCR). In contrast to the NBER, ECRI sells cycle risk management services to the business community. Before there was a Business Cycle Dating Committee to determine U.S. business cycle dates, Moore determined them on the NBER's behalf

neg: Bar stock lathe (chucker) which chucks each one in turn. For smaller-diameter work, the entire length of bar stock is more often fed through the spindle of the lathe. The entire bar rotates with the spindle during the part-machining cycle. When the cycle ends and one part is done, the chuck opens, the bar is pulled or pushed forward ("fed") by any of various automatic means, the chuck closes, and the next cycle begins. The last step of the cycle is to cut off the machined part from the bar, which is called "parting it off" and is achieved with a "cutoff"

neg: Real business-cycle theory Real business-cycle theory Real business-cycle theory (RBC theory) is a class of new classical macroeconomics models in which business-cycle fluctuations to a large extent can be accounted for by real (in contrast to nominal) shocks. Unlike other leading theories of the business cycle, RBC theory sees business cycle fluctuations as the efficient response to exogenous changes in the real economic environment. That is, the level of national output necessarily maximizes "expected" utility, and governments should therefore concentrate on long-run structural policy changes and not intervene through discretionary fiscal or monetary policy designed to actively smooth out economic short-term fluctuations. According

neg: Philippine epic poetry Hannanga'" Epics belonging to the Agyu cycle vary in that they have formal openings, called the "ke`ppu`unpu`un", which is the introductory part of the entire cycle of epics. Attached to this is the "sengedurug", which represents an account of a portion of Agyu's life in Nelendangan, the earth name of his paradise. The Tuwaan cycle also has an introductory part called the "tabbayanon", consisting of two parts: the first is subjective and speaks of the singer's love, dreams, and frustrations. The prelude closes with a "tail", which serves to connect it to the main body of the story. Philippine epics

neg: Peripheral cycle in graphic matroids (the matroids whose circuits are the simple cycles of a graph). For example, in the complete bipartite graph formula_30, every cycle is peripheral (it has only one bridge, a two-edge path) but the graphic matroid formed by this bridge is not connected, so no circuit of the graphic matroid of formula_30 is non-separating. Peripheral cycle In graph theory, a peripheral cycle (or peripheral circuit) in an undirected graph is, intuitively, a cycle that does not separate any part of the graph from any other part. Peripheral cycles (or, as they were initially called, peripheral polygons, because Tutte

neg: Crest and trough 180° out of phase – the result is "destructive" interference: the resulting wave is the undisturbed line having zero amplitude. Crest and trough A crest is the point on a wave with the maximum value of upward displacement within a cycle. A crest is a point on a surface wave where the displacement of the medium is at a maximum. A trough is the opposite of a crest, so the minimum or lowest point in a cycle. When the crests and troughs of two sine waves of equal amplitude and frequency intersect or collide, while being in phase with each

neg: Business cycle accounting employment, into fluctuations of each of these wedges (and their combinations). Business cycle accounting has been done for various countries and various periods of time. The procedure suggests for the United States after World War II most fluctuation in GDP is due to fluctuations in the productivity and labor wedges. Business cycle accounting Business cycle accounting is an accounting procedure used in macroeconomics to decompose business cycle fluctuations into contributing factors. The procedure was introduced by V. V. Chari, Patrick Kehoe, and Ellen McGrattan but is similar to techniques introduced earlier. The underlying premise of the procedure is that the

neg: Backwashing (water treatment) water wash. Backwashing continues for a fixed time, or until the turbidity of the backwash water is below an established value. At the end of the backwash cycle, the upward flow of water is terminated and the filter bed settles by gravity into its initial configuration. Water to be filtered is then applied to the filter surface until the filter clogs and the backwash cycle needs to be repeated. Some water treatment filters use surface wash systems that break up the heavily clogged, granular media surface layer. Surface wash systems are buried in the top of the filter media or

neg: In Freundschaft initial presentation, the opposing characters of the two layers is gradually evened out, in a process of development over seven cyclical statements of the formula, until the two layers are merged into a single melody . This is accomplished by progressively transposing the upper level downward by one semitone per cycle, and the lower level upward by the same degree. In this way, the entirely separate ranges in the first cycle (F–F and F–F are brought into the single octave C–B in the seventh . The overall form is interrupted by two cadenzas, the first between the third and fourth

neg: Korg MS-20 of the cycle) and the sloped output is an upward sawtooth wave. At the clockwise end, the pulse width is very low (pulse output stays low for most of the cycle) and the sloped output is a downward sawtooth wave. At midway, the pulse width is 50% (pulse output is a square wave) and the sloped output is a triangle wave. The pulse output is available through the patch panel. It is unipolar (0 or +5V) and suitable for triggering the S&H or the envelope generators. The sloped output is bipolar (-2.5V to +2.5V). Like the pulse output, it is

neg: Panama Canal Asia to Europe compared with the Panama Canal, possibly leading to a diversion of some traffic to that route. However, such a route is beset by unresolved territorial issues and would still hold significant problems owing to ice. Gatun Lake is filled with rainwater, and the lake accumulates excess water during wet months. The water is lost to the oceans at a rate of per downward lock cycle. Since a ship will have to go upward to Gatun Lake first and then descend, a single passing will cost double the amount; but the same waterflow cycle can be used for

neg: Pennine Cycleway Scottish border, passing Slaggyford, (here it follows the South Tyne Trail), Haltwhistle, Bellingham and Branton. Between Renwick and Leadgate it briefly follows the A686 road which is also part of the Sea to Sea Cycle Route (National Cycle Route 7). The final ride from Norham is shared with National Cycle Route 1 Pennine Cycleway The Pennine Cycleway is a Sustrans-sponsored route in the Pennines range in northern England, an area often called the "backbone of England". The route passes through the counties of Derbyshire, West Yorkshire, Lancashire, North Yorkshire, Cumbria and Northumberland. It is part of the National Cycle Network

neg: Economic collapse theory of economic collapse involving the breakdown of freely functioning financial markets; rather, the focus is on economic malfunction and crisis emanating from state control. However, many Austrian economists also subscribe to what is called the "ABCT" ,or Austrian Business Cycle Theory. Economist Roger Garrison describes the bubble as merely a form of unsustainable boom (not a theory of all depression), as Mises and F.A. Hayek did, despite their disagreements on the exact workings of it. The essential part of the theory is that it is inherently unsustainable to try to manipulate monetary policy to boost both investment and consumption;

neg: Enterprise modelling of the scope of Information Modelling. It can also be viewed as the extension and generalization of the systems analysis and systems design phases of the software development process. Here Enterprise modelling can be part of the early, middle and late information system development life cycle. Explicit representation of the organizational and technical system infrastructure is being created in order to understand the orderly transformations of existing work practices. This field is also called Enterprise architecture, or defined with Enterprise Ontology as being two major parts of Enterprise architecture. Business reference modelling is the development of reference models concentrating on

neg: Aeroplankton and liverworts that live some part of their life cycle as aeroplankton, often as spores, pollen, and wind-scattered seeds. A large number of small animals, mainly arthropods (such as insects and spiders), are also carried upwards into the atmosphere by air currents and may be found floating several thousand feet up. Aphids, for example, are frequently found at high altitudes. Many species of spiders deliberately use the wind to propel themselves. The spider will find a vantage point (such as a branch, fence or surface) and, pointing its abdomen upward, eject fine threads of silk from its spinnerets. At some

neg: Business semantics management Business semantics management Business Semantics Management BSM is established by two complementary process cycles each grouping a number of activities. The first cycle is the semantic reconciliation cycle, and the second cycle is the semantic application cycle. The two cycles are tied together by the unification process. This double process cycle is iteratively applied until an optimal balance of differences and commonalities between stakeholders are reached that meets the semantic integration requirements. This approach is based on research on community-based ontology engineering () that is validated in European projects, government and industry. Semantic reconciliation is a process cycle constituted of

neg: AC Cars a little delivery three-wheeler. In 1904 a new company was founded and named Autocars and Accessories; production started with the Auto-Carrier. The vehicle caught on quickly and was a financial success. In 1907, a passenger version appeared, called the A.C. Sociable. It had a seat in place of the cargo box. The A.C. Sociable was described in a review of the 1912 Motor Cycle and Cycle Car Show as "one of the most popular cycle cars on the road, both for pleasure and business", and A.C. displayed eight vehicles on their stand, six for pleasure and two for business. The

neg: Surface layer sea surface and buoyancy driving the warmed water upward. The entire cycle will be repeated and the water will be mixed during the following nighttime. In general, the surface mixed layer only occupies the first 100 meters of the ocean but can reach 150 m in the end of winter. The diurnal cycle does not change the depth of the mixed layer significantly relative to the seasonal cycle which produces much larger changes in sea surface temperature and buoyancy. With several vertical profiles, one can estimate the depth of the mixed layer by assigning a set temperature or density difference

neg: Backstroke in backstroke is similar to the flutter kick in front crawl. The kick makes a large contribution to the forward speed, while significantly stabilizing the body. The leg stroke alternates, with one leg sinking down straight to about 30 degrees. From this position, the leg makes a fast kick upward, slightly bending the knee at the beginning and then stretching it again in the horizontal. However, there are also frequent variants with four or only two kicks per cycle. Usually, sprinters tend to use 6 kicks per cycle, whereas long distance swimmer may use fewer. It is also possible to

neg: Film promotion Film promotion Film promotion is the practice of promotion specifically in the film industry, and usually occurs in coordination with the process of film distribution. Sometimes called the press junket or film junket, film promotion generally includes press releases, advertising campaigns, merchandising, franchising, media and interviews with the key people involved with the making of the film, like actors and directors. As with all business, it is an important part of any release because of the inherent high financial risk; film studios will invest in expensive marketing campaigns to maximize revenue early in the release cycle. Marketing budgets tend to

neg: Journal of Business Cycle Research Poser (2004–2005) and Bernd Schips (2006–2007) . The journal is abstracted and indexed in EconLit and "Research Papers in Economics". Journal of Business Cycle Research The Journal of Business Cycle Research is a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal in the field of economics with a focus on the measurement of business cycles. It is published by Springer Science+Business Media on behalf of the Centre for International Research on Economic Tendency Surveys. Until 2015 it was published jointly by the Centre and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The journal was established in 2004 as the "Journal of Business Cycle Measurement

neg: Journal of Business Cycle Research Journal of Business Cycle Research The Journal of Business Cycle Research is a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal in the field of economics with a focus on the measurement of business cycles. It is published by Springer Science+Business Media on behalf of the Centre for International Research on Economic Tendency Surveys. Until 2015 it was published jointly by the Centre and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The journal was established in 2004 as the "Journal of Business Cycle Measurement and Analysis", obtaining its current title in 2016. The editor-in-chief is Michael Graff (ETH Zurich); previous editors have been Günter

neg: Business cycle earlier financial crises were prompted by government and bankers' efforts to expand credit despite restraints imposed by the prevailing gold standard, and are thus consistent with Austrian Business Cycle Theory. The Austrian explanation of the business cycle differs significantly from the mainstream understanding of business cycles and is generally rejected by mainstream economists. Mainstream economists generally do not support Austrian school explanations for business cycles, on both theoretical as well as real-world empirical grounds. Austrians routinely claim that the boom-and-bust business cycle is almost always caused by government intervention into the economy, but otherwise is a rare and mild phenomenon.

neg: The Course of Empire (paintings) destroyed by its own hand. This cycle reflects Cole's pessimism, and is often seen as a commentary on Andrew Jackson and the Democratic Party. (Note, for instance, the military hero at the centre of "Consummation.") However, some Democrats had a different theory of the course of empire. They saw not a spiral or cycle but a continuing upward trajectory. Levi Woodbury, a Democrat and a justice of the United States Supreme Court, for instance, responded to Cole by saying that there would be no destruction in the United States. The Course of Empire (paintings) The Course of Empire is a

neg: Hitting for the cycle in which the batter reaches third base without being put out, and without the benefit of a fielding error, is often called the "hardest part of the cycle" to complete. Hitting a triple often comes under similar hit placement as a double, but may require impressive speed on the part of the runner. Because of this, it is rare to see a player with slower-than-average running speed complete the cycle, but it has happened, such as when catcher Bengie Molina hit for the cycle on July 16, 2010; Molina described himself as "the [slowest] guy in baseball" earlier that season.

neg: Rider-Ericsson Engine Company the cycle repeats. The Ericsson style engine is a "beta" engine, which contains both the power piston and displacer within one cylinder. The cylinder has a hot end, within the firebox, and a cold end, surrounded by a water jacket. As the air is heated within the cylinder, the air expands, driving the piston upward. The displacer next moves downward, pushing the air from the hot side into the cool side of the cylinder. The air then contracts, pulling the piston downward. The displacer then moves the air from the cool side to the hot side, the cycle begins again.

neg: Upward Sports in 2006 and are conducted in conjunction as part of a short-term mission trip or outreach ministry. Mission Camps have been taken to Costa Rica, Sierra Leone, Canada, New York, Colorado, Ukraine, Poland and all around the world! Upward Sports Mission Camps provide solid, short-term programming to help churches or organizations serve children in other communities through sports. Upward Sports Case, which was launched in 2010, contains everything needed for a church or organization to set up a sustainable Upward Sports Camp or League overseas. Upward Sports Case is designed to be carried by a current Upward Sports partner on

neg: Records life-cycle surely are working towards the same objective: the effective management of recorded information through all stages of the continuum, from creation to disposal. Effective management of recorded information (what Berner calls "responsible records use and administration") requires ongoing cooperative interaction between the records manager and the archivist in order to: Important later contributions were made by Frank Upward and his development of the Records Continuum Model. Records life-cycle Records life-cycle in records management refers to the following stages of a records "life span": from its creation to its preservation (in an archives) or disposal. While various models of the records

neg: Miller cycle need to be of the positive-displacement (Roots or screw) type due to its ability to produce boost at relatively low engine speeds. Otherwise, low-rpm power will suffer. In the Miller-cycle engine, the piston begins to compress the fuel-air mixture only after the intake valve closes; and the intake valve closes after the piston has traveled a certain distance above its bottom-most position: around 20 to 30% of the total piston travel of this upward stroke. So in the Miller cycle engine, the piston actually compresses the fuel-air mixture only during the latter 70% to 80% of the compression stroke. During

neg: History of lesbianism in the United States educational system of most prisons, and for the most part the underkeepers [sic] and the stool pigeons are very efficient teachers..." O'Hare then recounted a systematic induction of women into a cycle of forced prostitution to which authorities turned a blind eye: "...there seems to be considerable ground for the commonly accepted belief of the prison inmates that much of its graft and profits may percolate upward to the under officials...the...stool pigeon...handled the vices so rampant in the prison...she, in fact, held the power of life and death over us, by being able to secure endless punishments in the blind,

neg: Magnetosphere of Saturn continues into the dawn and day sectors (counterclockwise). In the dusk sector the auroral latitude increases again, although when it returns to the night sector it still has a relatively low latitude and does not connect to the brighter dawn part. Unlike Jupiter's, the Saturn's main auroral ovals are not related to the breakdown of the co–rotation of the plasma in the outer parts of the planet's magnetosphere. The aurorae on Saturn are thought to be connected to the reconnection of the magnetic field under the influence of the Solar wind (Dungey cycle), which drives an upward current (about 10

neg: Per Krusell major part of U.S. economic growth over the postwar period. 2."The Role of Investment-Specific Technological Change in the Business Cycle", European Economic Review, 2000, (with Jeremy Greenwood and Zvi Hercowitz). This research incorporates the notion of investment-specific technological progress into a business cycle model. Per Krusell Per Lennart Krusell, born 1959, is a Swedish macroeconomic theorist who currently holds the Savings Banks Foundations and Swedbank Chair in Macroeconomics at Stockholm University and is associated with the Institute for International Economic Studies in Stockholm. Until recently, he was a Professor of Economics at Princeton University and, before that, held positions at

neg: Pile driver the piston strikes the impact block, atomizing the fuel and starting the pile on its downward movement. In the instant after the piston strikes, the atomized fuel ignites, and the resulting explosion exerts a greater force on the already moving pile, driving it further into the ground. The reaction of the explosion rebounding from the resistance of the pile drives the piston upward. As the piston rises, the exhaust ports open, releasing the exhaust gases to the atmosphere. After the piston stops its upward movement, it again falls by gravity to start another cycle. The vertical travel lead, referred to

neg: Business cycle periods of economic stagnation are painful for the many who lose their jobs, there is often political pressure for governments to mitigate recessions. Since the 1940s, following the Keynesian revolution, most governments of developed nations have seen the mitigation of the business cycle as part of the responsibility of government, under the rubric of stabilization policy. Since in the Keynesian view, recessions are caused by inadequate aggregate demand, when a recession occurs the government should increase the amount of aggregate demand and bring the economy back into equilibrium. This the government can do in two ways, firstly by increasing the

neg: Sadharan Bima Corporation worth about Tk 250,000 in 2013 during Operation at Motijheel Shapla Chattar by Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh. The board of directors of SBC consists of 07 member including one part-time chairman. Of the members, 5 are honorary (part-time) and the rest one, the chief executive officer of the company. Ms. Shamima Akhter is the current managing director of Sadharan Bima Corporation (SBC). As an additional duty, she has been discharging her duties as managing director since December 2015. The business performance of SBC in the last decade or so is on an upward trend in comparison with the overall performance of the

neg: Stability and Growth Pact States were required to strive towards a common MTO being ""to achieve a budgetary position of close to balance or in surplus over a complete business cycle - while providing a safety margin towards continuously respecting the government's 3% deficit limit"". The first part of this MTO, was interpreted by the Commission Staff Service to mean "continuously achievement each year throughout the business cycle of a "cyclically-adjusted budget balance net of one-off and temporary measures" (also referred to as the "structural balance") at minimum 0.0%". In 2000, the second part was interpreted and operationalized into a calculation formula for the

neg: Business semantics management respect, it is similar to Enterprise Information Integration (EII) with the added benefit that the shared models are not described in technical terms but in a way that is easily understood by the business. Collibra is the first organization to commercialize the idea behind business semantics management. Collibra's approach to Business Semantics Management is based on DOGMA, a research project at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel. Business semantics management Business Semantics Management BSM is established by two complementary process cycles each grouping a number of activities. The first cycle is the semantic reconciliation cycle, and the second cycle is the semantic

neg: Joy Atim with a Bachelor of Public Administration (BPA). In 1993 she was hired by the firm called "Riclen Printers", working there as a cashier for six years, until 1999.She then moved to another business called "Jocent Enterprises", where she served as the managing director, until 2011. Then from 2005, she is the managing director at another business called "Hillside Annex", a position she still maintains while a member of parliament. During the 2006 - 2011 election cycle, Joy Atim was elected to the Lira District Local Government, serving there as a District Councillor. In 2011, she contested to represent the women

neg: Prophage a process called prophage induction. After induction, viral replication begins via the lytic cycle. In the lytic cycle, the virus commandeers the cell's reproductive machinery. The cell may fill with new viruses until it lyses or bursts, or it may release the new viruses one at a time in a reverse endocytotic process. The period from infection to lysis is termed the latent period. A virus following a lytic cycle is called a virulent virus. Prophages are important agents of horizontal gene transfer, and are considered part of the mobilome. All families of bacterial viruses with circular (single-stranded or double-stranded)

neg: Firebird (roller coaster) inversions, a vertical loop. The train then makes an upward right turn before making a left turn back down to the ground. The train continues to go left before going through an upward helix. After, the train makes a downward right s-bend leading into the second and final inversion, a corkscrew. The train makes a left turn back up before going through another s-bend, small over-banked turn which leads to the brake run. One cycle lasts about 2 minutes with riders reaching a top speed of . Apocalypse operates with two steel and fiberglass trains. Each train has seven cars

neg: New Holland Machine Company St. in New Holland, was built in eight sections between 1903 and 1952. It is a two-story, irregularly shaped, evolutionary industrial brick building. The facility closed in 1992. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000. Abram Zimmerman began retailing the German Otto four-cycle engine as part of his new business. The "Otto" was a single-cylinder dual flywheel stationary engine which was manufactured in Philadelphia. After a short while of selling the Otto, Abe Zimmerman switched to selling another single-cylinder dual-flywheel stationary engine called the "Columbus". Retailing these engines added income to the Zimmerman blacksmith shop.

neg: Nigel McBride the purpose of which is to "ignite abundant local technology and innovation to have more global impact." He is a Graduate and Fellow of the Australian Institute of Company Directors, speaks on topics including business strategy, leadership and risk management and is a frequent media commentator on topics related to business in South Australia. McBride has advocated for the consideration of economic opportunities in the nuclear fuel cycle at various times since his appointment as CEO of Business SA in 2012. In its 2014 "Charter for a Prosperous South Australia", Business SA called for "a mature debate of the nuclear

neg: Silica cycle Over geologic timescales, the rates of weathering change due to tectonic activity. During a time of high uplift rate, silicate weathering increases which results in high CO2 uptake rates, offsetting increased volcanic CO emissions associated with the geologic activity. This balance of weathering and volcanoes is part of what controls the greenhouse effect and ocean pH over geologic time scales. Silica cycle The silica cycle is the biogeochemical cycle in which silica is transported between the Earth's systems. Opal silica (SiO) is a chemical compound of silicon, and is also called silicon dioxide. Silicon is considered a bioessential element and

neg: Sign (mathematics) On the Cartesian plane, the rightward and upward directions are usually thought of as positive, with rightward being the positive "x"-direction, and upward being the positive "y"-direction. If a displacement or velocity vector is separated into its vector components, then the horizontal part will be positive for motion to the right and negative for motion to the left, while the vertical part will be positive for motion upward and negative for motion downward. In computing, an integer value may be either signed or unsigned, depending on whether the computer is keeping track of a sign for the number. By restricting

neg: Frank Nuovo Designer at Vertu with concentration on the development of the Vertu brand and product portfolio - until his departure from Vertu in 2012. Additionally, Nuovo opened his own design studio in Southern California called Design Studio Nuovo, which he operates with his designer wife and business partner, Trina Nuovo. Design Studio Nuovo is where Nuovo is developing new ventures with technology and manufacturing partners from around the world including state of the art augmented reality ID, UI and UX solutions. Nuovo left Nokia while on a continuing upward corporate performance trend. With financials as reported by Nokia, during Nuovo’s last

neg: Röyksopp Jenssen. Under the tutelage of Jenssen, the duo started a band called Aedena Cycle with Gaute Barlindhaug and Kolbjørn Lyslo. In 1994 Aedena Cycle recorded a vinyl EP called "Traveler's Dreams". The EP was released under the R&S Records sublabel Apollo. Following the release of the EP, Jenssen almost convinced the band to sign a full record deal with Apollo Records. After recording as part of Aedena Cycle, Berge and Brundtland left the group to form their own band, Röyksopp. The word "röyksopp" is a stylized version of the Norwegian word for the puffball mushroom, "røyksopp". The band has stated