query: when was the first deaf president of gallaudet university

pos: Deaf President Now press demanding four specific concessions from the Board. The protest ended on March 13, 1988, after all four demands were met including the appointment of I. King Jordan, a deaf person, as university president. Gallaudet University was established in 1864 in Washington, D.C. by Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet's youngest child, Edward Miner Gallaudet. The college grew out of what had originally been a Deaf school for children, first having been established in 1857. Gallaudet was the world's first university for deaf and hard of hearing students. The historical background, cultural ideologies of the Deaf world, and the richness of the deaf

neg: Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet 1864 the first college for the deaf, which, in 1986, became Gallaudet University. He was president for 46 years. The university also offers education for those in elementary, middle, and high school. The elementary school on the Gallaudet University Campus is named the Kendall Demonstration Elementary School (KDES); the middle and high school is the Model Secondary School for the Deaf (MSSD). Gallaudet had another son, Thomas Gallaudet, who became an Episcopal priest and also worked for the deaf. Gallaudet's father, Peter Wallace Gallaudet, was a personal secretary to US President George Washington, when the office of the President was

neg: Edward Miner Gallaudet the deaf and blind in Washington, D.C., and asked Gallaudet to come to Washington to help lead this school. Edward Miner quickly agreed and became the first principal of the Columbia Institution for the Deaf. In 1864, Gallaudet sought college status for the Columbia Institution and got it when President Abraham Lincoln signed a bill into law which authorized the Columbia Institution to award college degrees—a law which was not strictly necessary, but which Gallaudet desired. This first college of the deaf eventually became Gallaudet University. Edward Miner Gallaudet was the president of Gallaudet College/Columbia for a remarkable 46 years

neg: Deaf President Now Deaf President Now Deaf President Now (DPN) was a student protest in March 1988 at Gallaudet University, Washington, D.C. The university, established by an act of Congress in 1864 to serve the deaf, had never once been led by a Deaf president since its origination. The protest began on March 6, 1988, when the Board of Trustees announced its decision to appoint a hearing person over other highly qualified Deaf candidates as its seventh president. Gallaudet students, backed by a number of alumni, staff, and faculty, shut down the campus. Protesters barricaded gates, burned effigies, and gave interviews to the

neg: Roberta Cordano ten Deaf women in the United States to have earned a Juris Doctor (JD) degree, and is among the first 50 Deaf women to have earned a doctoral degree, overall. Roberta Cordano Roberta "Bobbi" Cordano (born November 29, 1963) is the 11th president of Gallaudet University, having taken office on January 1, 2016. She is the first Deaf woman to hold the position of president at Gallaudet and the first Deaf woman to become president of a U.S. university. She was formerly assistant dean at the Hubert H. Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs at the University of Minnesota, having obtained

neg: Gallaudet University hearing woman, inquired about Gallaudet University's accepting women. She was told that deaf women could not enter the institution. In 1887 Gallaudet agreed to allow women to apply with the intent that women would not stay. Temporary living arrangements were made and the college remained co-educational. Student strikes at Gallaudet University starting March 6, 1988, revolutionized the perception and education of Deaf culture. Deaf students were outraged at the selection of another hearing president, Elisabeth Zinser; the university had never selected a deaf person for this position. Alumni, faculty, staff, and students demanded that the next president of the university

neg: I. King Jordan I. King Jordan Irving King Jordan (born June 16, 1943 in Glen Riddle, Pennsylvania), in 1988, became the first deaf president of Gallaudet University, the world's only university with all programs and services designed specifically for students who are deaf and hard of hearing. That year Gallaudet students, with support from many alumni, faculty, staff and friends of the University, protested the Board of Trustees' appointment of a hearing person to the presidency. After the week-long protest "Deaf President Now", the Board reversed its decision and named Jordan, one of three finalists for the position, the eighth president of Gallaudet

neg: Roberta Cordano Roberta Cordano Roberta "Bobbi" Cordano (born November 29, 1963) is the 11th president of Gallaudet University, having taken office on January 1, 2016. She is the first Deaf woman to hold the position of president at Gallaudet and the first Deaf woman to become president of a U.S. university. She was formerly assistant dean at the Hubert H. Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs at the University of Minnesota, having obtained her Juris Doctor degree at the University of Wisconsin, Madison in 1990. Cordano was later awarded the Hubert Humphrey award by the University of Wisconsin. She is among the first

neg: Alan Hurwitz a B.S. in electrical engineering from Washington University in St. Louis, an M.S. in electrical engineering from St. Louis University, and an Ed.D. in curriculum and teaching from the University of Rochester. On October 18, 2009, Dr. Hurwitz was selected as the 10th president of Gallaudet University. He took office on January 1, 2010. Hurtwitz retired on December 31, 2015, with Roberta Cordano succeeding him as the eleventh president of Gallaudet University. Dr. Hurwitz was born profoundly deaf, to deaf parents. Alan Hurwitz Dr. T. Alan Hurwitz (born September 17, 1942) was the tenth President of Gallaudet University. He is

neg: I. King Jordan 6, 2010, it was announced that Jordan had been appointed by President Barack Obama to serve on the Commission on Presidential Scholars. I. King Jordan Irving King Jordan (born June 16, 1943 in Glen Riddle, Pennsylvania), in 1988, became the first deaf president of Gallaudet University, the world's only university with all programs and services designed specifically for students who are deaf and hard of hearing. That year Gallaudet students, with support from many alumni, faculty, staff and friends of the University, protested the Board of Trustees' appointment of a hearing person to the presidency. After the week-long protest "Deaf

neg: Gallaudet University Gallaudet University Gallaudet University is a federally chartered private university for the education of the deaf and hard of hearing. It is located in Washington, D.C. on a campus. Founded in 1864, Gallaudet University was originally a grammar school for both Deaf and blind children. It was the first school for the advanced education of the Deaf and hard of hearing in the world and remains the only higher education institution in which all programs and services are specifically designed to accommodate deaf and hard of hearing students. Hearing students are admitted to the graduate school and a small number

neg: Deaf President Now 2006, the four DPN student leaders from 1988 issued a public statement, which was harshly critical of both Jordan and Fernandes. In 2011, John Yeh was sentenced to prison for defrauding the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) of more than $20 million. Deaf President Now Deaf President Now (DPN) was a student protest in March 1988 at Gallaudet University, Washington, D.C. The university, established by an act of Congress in 1864 to serve the deaf, had never once been led by a Deaf president since its origination. The protest began on March 6, 1988, when the Board of Trustees announced its

neg: History of deaf education in the United States named the American School for the Deaf, in 1817. Gallaudet was the director, and Clerc was the first deaf teacher in America. Alice Cogswell was one of the first seven students. For most of the remainder of the century, education of deaf children using sign language, a practice known as manualism, continued to grow. Approximately forty percent of all teachers were deaf. More than thirty schools for the deaf were opened, the majority of which were manual. William Willard was the first deaf superintendent in America and founded Indiana School for the Deaf in 1843. Gallaudet College (now Gallaudet University)

neg: Deaf President Now community at this university was what set the stage for the protests that occurred. Deaf students at Gallaudet began campaigning for a deaf president when Jerry C. Lee, who had been president since 1984, resigned in 1987. The issue lay between the Board of Trustees, which consisted of a majority of hearing members, and the deaf community. There seemed to be doubts that the deaf community could match the abilities and achieve as much as a hearing community. The motivation behind the protest for DPN was not simply about the current election, but about uniting and strengthening deaf students, faculty,

neg: Unity for Gallaudet Unity for Gallaudet The Unity for Gallaudet Movement is a protest movement started by students, faculty and alumni of Gallaudet University and other sympathizers who do not support the nomination of Dr. Jane Fernandes as president of the university. I. King Jordan, Gallaudet University's previous president who was brought into the office as a result of the Deaf President Now Movement announced his retirement for the end of 2006. His successor was narrowed to three possible candidates—the two that were eliminated were Ronald Stern and Stephen Weiner, leaving Fernandes the presidency. Critics of the protest, including Jordan, claimed that the

neg: Model Secondary School for the Deaf Model Secondary School for the Deaf The Model Secondary School (MSSD) is a residential four-year high school for deaf and hard-of-hearing students located on the Gallaudet University campus in Washington, D.C.. The Model Secondary School for the Deaf Act was signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson on October 15, 1966 (P.L. 89-694). In May 1969, the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare and the President of Gallaudet College signed an agreement authorizing the establishment and operation of the Model Secondary School for the Deaf (MSSD) at the College. MSSD is now located on the northeastern end

neg: History of deaf education in the United States March 13 Jane Spilman resigned and was replaced by Phil Bravin as chair of the Board of Trustees, a taskforce was created to figure out how to achieve a 51% majority of deaf people on the Board of Trustees, and no one received any punishment for being in the protest. I. King Jordan was named eighth president—and first deaf president—of Gallaudet University. Deaf President Now changed deaf education. Before the protest, a select few deaf people held doctorates; however, since the protest, the number of deaf people pursuing and earning advanced degrees has steadily increased. Also, schools for the deaf

neg: Huddle some success, notably in the 2005 Ashes series. The modern-day circular huddle, in which the players all face inward in a tight circle, was invented by Gallaudet University quarterback Paul D. Hubbard in 1894. Gallaudet was among the first schools intended for the education of deaf and hard-of-hearing students, and the first intended for their postsecondary education. When quarterbacking, Hubbard realized that his hand signals could be read by opposing players, a particular concern when Gallaudet played other schools for the deaf. To remedy this, he had his players form a circle so that his sign-language signals could be sent

neg: Peter Wallace Gallaudet built, and together they approached Congress to obtain permission to dissolve the corporation and cede the funds to the school that Edward had helped establish, the Columbia School for the Deaf, which was the school which, in 1864, added a collegiate department and became Gallaudet College (1894) and then Gallaudet University (1986). Gallaudet was the father of Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet, the co-founder of the first permanent school for the Deaf in North America, the American School for the Deaf in West Hartford, Connecticut. Gallaudet was the second of six children. His siblings' names were: Edgar (1753–1790); Thomas (1758–1759); David (1760–1761);

neg: Gallaudet University Studies Digital Journal" (DSDJ), the first peer-reviewed academic and creative arts journal in American Sign Language and English. The DSDJ itself is published in entirely video-based content and is available online. To date, only four issues of DSDJ have been released, the most recent being published in 2014. Gallaudet University Gallaudet University is a federally chartered private university for the education of the deaf and hard of hearing. It is located in Washington, D.C. on a campus. Founded in 1864, Gallaudet University was originally a grammar school for both Deaf and blind children. It was the first school for the

neg: Percival Hall Miner Gallaudet in 1910. In 1935, President Hall was given an Honorary Doctorate (L.H.D.) by the college. He felt that, given the opportunity of higher education, there were many fields in which deaf people could excel. He published many articles on the education of the deaf. Percival Hall also helped establish the Kappa Gamma fraternity at Gallaudet University along with three undergraduate students on January 4, 1901. Hall married Carolyn L. Clarke in June 1895, but she later died of illness in January 1896. In June 1900, he married Ethel Zoe Taylor, who had been a deaf student at Gallaudet,

neg: Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet The Reverend Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet, LL.D., (December 10, 1787 – September 10, 1851) was an American educator. Along with Laurent Clerc and Mason Cogswell, he co-founded the first institution for the education of the deaf in North America, and he became its first principal. When opened on April 15, 1817, it was called the "Connecticut Asylum (at Hartford) for the Education and Instruction of Deaf and Dumb Persons," but it is now known as the American School for the Deaf. Gallaudet was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His parents moved to Hartford, Connecticut when he was 14. Wanting

neg: Robert R. Davila School for the Deaf at White Plains 1993 to 1996 as well as CEO of the National Technical Institute for the Deaf 1996 from 2006. On December 10, 2006, Davila was named the ninth President of Gallaudet, enacted at the start of 2007. He stepped down as president on December 31, 2009 and was succeeded by Dr. T. Alan Hurwitz. Davila, Robert R., Acceptance speech upon being selected President of Gallaudet University, 2006. (Download text of speech: http://saveourdeafschools.org/robert_davila_acceptance_speech_2006.pdf) Davila, Robert. R., Interview on KCPW, Salt Lake City, Utah, expressing support for university students' right to protest, February 2007. (Download transcript

neg: National Theatre of the Deaf teacher at the New York School for the Deaf, produced a play with Bernard Bragg, a 17-year-old student in Panara's English class. Later in the 1940s, when Bragg was a student at Gallaudet, Panara left New York School for the Deaf to teach at Gallaudet. While both at Gallaudet, Panara and Bragg conceived of the idea of a theater for the deaf. In 1963, Dr. Edna Levine, a professor of Deaf studies at New York University, saw Bragg perform a one-man show in New York City. She asked him for a meeting and shared her own vision for a national

neg: Thomas Gallaudet (Episcopal priest) Thomas Gallaudet (Episcopal priest) The Rev. Thomas Gallaudet, D.D. (June 3, 1822 – August 27, 1902), an American Episcopal priest, was born in Hartford, Connecticut. His father, the Rev. Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet, LL.D. was the renowned pioneer of deaf education in the United States. His mother, Sophia Fowler Gallaudet, who was deaf, was the founding matron of the school that became Gallaudet University. After graduating from Trinity College in Hartford, Connecticut, Gallaudet accepted a teaching position at the New York Institution for Deaf-mutes, where he met and married a deaf woman, Elizabeth Budd. They had seven children, one of whom

neg: Deaf rights movement expanding services and education for deaf individuals in developing countries around the world, as well as in the United States. Many deaf individuals choose to be educated in a deaf environment for their college level education. I. King Jordan had made history in 1988 for becoming the first deaf president of Gallaudet University after the protest, "Deaf President Now" Students, with the support of from many alumni, faculty, staff and friends, protested the Board of Trustees' continued appointments of hearing presidents over highly qualified deaf candidates in an institution established to serve the deaf. There have been many individuals who

neg: Deaf culture include California State University at Northridge (CSUN), National Technical Institute for the Deaf (part of Rochester Institute of Technology), and Gallaudet University. Gallaudet University is the first and only liberal-arts college for deaf students in the world. Although the United States leads in higher education opportunities for the deaf, there are colleges across the globe. In Australia, there is the Victorian College for the Deaf. Brazil has several institutions, including Instituto Santa Tersinha and Escola para Crianças Surdas Rio Branco. China's deaf universities include Beijing Union University, Special Education College of Beijing University, and Zhongzhou University. Other notable universities for

neg: Ángel Ramos (educator) the National Technical Institute for the Deaf and the Southwest Collegiate Institute for the Deaf for several years, he received another scholarship to pursue a doctorate degree in Educational Administration and Supervision from Gallaudet University in Washington, D.C.. He became the first, and only, Deaf Hispanic/Latino to receive a doctorate degree from Gallaudet in 1997. Ramos held a teaching position at Lamar University in Beaumont, Texas and was Director of the Gallaudet University Regional Center in Texas. During that time he received a Fulbright Scholar Award and was assigned to Colombia to improve the delivery of educational services to students

neg: Robert R. Davila Robert R. Davila Dr. Robert Davila (born July 19, 1932) served as the ninth president of Gallaudet University, the world's only university in which all programs and services are specifically designed to accommodate deaf and hard of hearing students. His appointment came after the wake of the Unity for Gallaudet Movement protests of 2006, when many students, staff, and alumni objected to the initial choice of Jane Fernandes as the intended next president. It was originally intended that he serve only 18–24 months as an interim-president, but the Board dropped the interim designation and then extended his contract to 36

neg: Sophia Fowler Gallaudet Sophia Fowler Gallaudet Sophia Fowler Gallaudet (March 20, 1798 – May 13, 1877) was the wife of Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet. As the founding matron of the school that became Gallaudet University, she played an important role in deaf history, even playing a key role in lobbying Congressmen in the effort to establish Gallaudet (then the "National Deaf-Mute College"). She was appointed to be the first matron of the Columbia Institution on May 30, 1857 and held the position for nine years, until August 1, 1866. She was born as Sophia Fowler near the town of Guilford, Connecticut on March 20,

neg: Gallaudet University Press Gallaudet University Press Gallaudet University Press (GUPress) is a publisher that focuses on issues relating to deafness and sign language. It is a part of Gallaudet University in Washington D.C., and was founded in 1980 by the university's Board of Trustees. The Press is a member of the Association of University Presses. The Press publishes two quarterly journals: "American Annals of the Deaf" and "Sign Language Studies". Gallaudet University Press is a vital, self-supporting member of the Gallaudet educational and scholarly community. The mission of the Press is to disseminate knowledge about deaf and hard of hearing people, their languages,

neg: Phyllis Frelich family." Phyllis Frelich Phyllis Annetta Frelich (February 29, 1944 – April 10, 2014) was a Deaf American actress. Frelich was born in Devil's Lake, North Dakota, to deaf parents Esther (née Dockter) and Phillip Frelich, and was the eldest of nine siblings (all deaf). She attended North Dakota School for the Deaf, graduating in 1962, and then went on to study at Gallaudet College (now known as Gallaudet University), which is the only liberal arts university in the world for Deaf students. Frelich attended the North Dakota School for the Deaf and Gallaudet College. At the latter she completed a

neg: Phyllis Frelich Phyllis Frelich Phyllis Annetta Frelich (February 29, 1944 – April 10, 2014) was a Deaf American actress. Frelich was born in Devil's Lake, North Dakota, to deaf parents Esther (née Dockter) and Phillip Frelich, and was the eldest of nine siblings (all deaf). She attended North Dakota School for the Deaf, graduating in 1962, and then went on to study at Gallaudet College (now known as Gallaudet University), which is the only liberal arts university in the world for Deaf students. Frelich attended the North Dakota School for the Deaf and Gallaudet College. At the latter she completed a degree

neg: Henry Clay Trumbull the Hartford, Providence and Fishkill Railroad. In 1852, Trumbull joined the Congregationalist church and, while continuing to work for the railroad, became the superintendent of a mission Sunday-school under the Connecticut State Sunday School Association. In 1854, he married Alice Cogswell Gallaudet, the daughter of Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet, the founder of the American School for the Deaf. Alice was named in honor of Alice Cogswell, the daughter of Dr. Mason Cogswell and first deaf pupil of the American School for the Deaf. Gallaudet University, which specializes in the education of deaf persons, was founded by the elder Gallaudet's son, Edward

neg: Wild Zappers the Year" in 2006 for his work in the Deaf community. Black Deaf Expo Fred Beam established and hosts the Black Deaf Expo. He also served on the board of Black Deaf Advocates and was once the President of National Black Deaf Advocates. He established a theater program to teach artistic leadership to people of color at Gallaudet University If You Could Hear My Own Tune The Wild Zappers appeared in the movie "If You Could Hear My Own Tune" which premiered in January 2011. The film is about the difficulties of communication and understanding when hearing and non-hearing communities

neg: Carolyn McCaskill She was the Coordinator of Minority Achievement and Multicultural Program for Pre-college Programs at Gallaudet University. Carolyn McCaskill Carolyn McCaskill is a deaf, African American, counselor and professor. She has been teaching at Gallaudet University since 1996, and currently holds the position of Associate Professor in the ASL and Deaf Studies Department. Ph.D., Gallaudet University, Special Education Administration & Supervision (2005) M.A., Counseling of the Deaf (1979) B.A., Psychology-Social Work (1977) Prior to college, McCaskill attended and graduated of the Alabama School for the Deaf in Talladega, Alabama. McCaskill served as a counselor at the Model Secondary School for the

neg: Elisabeth Zinser the seventh president of Gallaudet University in Washington, DC. She served for just six days, March 6–11, then resigned due to protests over her selection in what came to be known as the "Deaf President Now" protest at Gallaudet, saying that the protest was "a monumental event in the history of deaf culture." The protesters thanked her for making a graceful exit, noting that she had become an "innocent victim and an unfortunate target" of their collective anger. A native of Meadville, Pennsylvania, Zinser is a former board member of the Oregon Shakespeare Festival in Ashland. While at Idaho in

neg: Albert Berg 40 years as a teacher at the Indiana School for the Deaf. Berg was born in Lafayette, Indiana in 1864. His mother died when he was an infant, and he contracted spinal meningitis as a boy. The illness rendered Berg deaf. Berg was sent to the Indiana Institution for the Deaf in Indianapolis where he was a student for nine years. After leaving the Indiana Institution for the Deaf, Berg enrolled at the "Columbia Institution for the Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb" (later renamed Gallaudet University), run by Edward Miner Gallaudet in Washington, D.C. He was a halfback and

neg: Carolyn McCaskill Carolyn McCaskill Carolyn McCaskill is a deaf, African American, counselor and professor. She has been teaching at Gallaudet University since 1996, and currently holds the position of Associate Professor in the ASL and Deaf Studies Department. Ph.D., Gallaudet University, Special Education Administration & Supervision (2005) M.A., Counseling of the Deaf (1979) B.A., Psychology-Social Work (1977) Prior to college, McCaskill attended and graduated of the Alabama School for the Deaf in Talladega, Alabama. McCaskill served as a counselor at the Model Secondary School for the Deaf, at the Houston Community College System, and as a career counselor at the Gallaudet University.

neg: National Association of the Deaf (United States) National Black Deaf Advocates. The NAD has also fought to keep deaf teachers for teaching deaf students and for the opening of deaf residential schools across the country. In 1909, President William Howard Taft signed a law allowing deaf individuals to take civil service exams only after the NAD fought to have this as a law. It was a strong advocate for having captioned films and in 1958, President Dwight Eisenhower signed a law requiring it. The NAD strongly supported the students and faculty of Gallaudet University in the Deaf President Now protests of 1988. The Americans with Disabilities Act

neg: John B. Hotchkiss John B. Hotchkiss John Burton Hotchkiss (August 22, 1845 – November 3, 1922) was an American football coach and professor. He was deaf since the age of 9, and attended Gallaudet University, where later he was the first coach of the Gallaudet Bison football team. He is the namesake of their football field. Hotchkiss was also a writer; one of the founders and editors of the "Silent World", a short-lived paper for the deaf. Hotchkiss taught English and history. Hotchkiss became deaf due to meningitis or scarlet fever. He attended the American School for the Deaf in Hartford, the first

neg: Claire L. Ramsey Claire Ramsey. "Deaf Students as Readers and Writers: a Mixed-mode Ramsey, Claire L., and David H. Smith. "Classroom Discourse Practices of a Deaf Teacher Using Ramsey, Claire L., and Jose Noriega. "Ninos Milagrizados: Language Attitudes, Deaf Education, and "Pinky Extension and Eye Gaze." Gallaudet University Press. Web. 10 Dec. 2011. "Storytelling and Conversation: Discourse in Deaf Communities." Gallaudet University Press. Web. 11 Google Books. Web. 13 Dec. 2011. <https://books.google.com/books?hl=en>. "Turn-Taking, Fingerspelling, and Contact in Signed Languages." Gallaudet University Press. Web. 13 Claire L. Ramsey Claire L Ramsey is an American linguist. Ramsey is an Associate Professor Emerita at the University

neg: Alan Hurwitz Alan Hurwitz Dr. T. Alan Hurwitz (born September 17, 1942) was the tenth President of Gallaudet University. He is the first born deaf, and first Jewish person to hold this position. Previously, he served as President of the National Technical Institute for the Deaf and Vice President and Dean of Rochester Institute of Technology. He served in a variety of other roles for most of NTID's 40-year history. Dr. Hurwitz started at NTID in 1970 as an educational specialist in RIT's College of Engineering after working for McDonnell Douglas Corp. since 1965. He subsequently held a number of progressively more

neg: Deaf President Now George H. W. Bush and Senators Bob Dole, Bob Graham, Tom Harkin, and Lowell Weicker. The Gallaudet Board of Trustees claimed repeatedly that mainstream society was not "on board" with the idea of a deaf person as an executive leader of a University, despite this public support. On March 6, 1988, the Board announced the selection of Elisabeth A. Zinser to be the university's seventh president. She had been assistant chancellor at the University of North Carolina, and was the only hearing person out of the three presidential candidates. Due to the strong push for a deaf president to preside

neg: Percival Hall was the Vice President of Gallaudet College, suggested that he teach the deaf. Initially his family tried to dissuade him, as they felt that, with his adventurous spirit, he would soon be bored with life as a teacher. But, Hall felt that he could make a contribution to the developing field of deaf education. Hall entered Gallaudet's Normal School, graduating with an MA in Deaf Education in 1893. Following his graduation, he taught at the New York School for the Deaf for two years before teaching mathematics and Latin at Gallaudet. He became president after the retirement of President Edward

neg: Paul D. Hubbard Paul D. Hubbard Paul D. Hubbard (1871–1946) was a deaf American football player who is credited with inventing the modern huddle. He played football at Gallaudet University from 1892 to 1895. Hubbard graduated from the Kansas State School for the Deaf. Hubbard attended the Gallaudet University in 1892. As the quarterback of the team, he invented the huddle. After his time at Gallaudet, Hubbard returned to Olathe, Kansas as a teacher and coach at the Kansas School for the Deaf. Hubbard initiated the school's football program in 1899. He coached at Kansas School for the Deaf for many years. He

neg: Deaf rights movement in these schools were women, because according to PBS and the research done for the film "Through Deaf Eyes", they were better at instructing due to the patience it took to do something repetitively. The American School for the Deaf was set up based on a British model of education for deaf individuals with instruction in the subjects of reading, writing, history, math, and an advanced study of the Bible. Gallaudet University is the only deaf university in the world, which instructs in American Sign Language, and promotes research and publications for the deaf community. Gallaudet University is responsible for

neg: Patsy Lynch Patsy Lynch Patsy Lynch (born July 21, 1953) is an American photographer. Her work documents GLBT civil rights advocacy. Lynch grew up in Washington, D.C. She graduated from Elon University, where she was co-editor of the college newspaper, and from Gallaudet University. She has covered such events as the 1979 National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights, and the 1988 Deaf President Now protests at Gallaudet. Her LGBT advocacy includes being a founding member of the Washington, D.C., chapter of the National Lesbian and Gay Journalists Association, as well as covering the White House, the first openly gay

neg: Alice Cogswell Chester French, stands in front of Gallaudet University, depicting Gallaudet sitting on a chair and Alice standing next to him to share their communication of "A" in fingerspelling. The Alice Cogswell statue (American School for the Deaf Founders Memorial), by Frances Laughlin Wadsworth, also represents her as a young girl. The Gallaudet University Alumni Association gives the Laurent Clerc Cultural Fund Alice Cogswell Award to people for valuable service on behalf of deaf citizens. Alice Cogswell is known today as a remarkable figure in the history of deaf culture, representing an extraordinary breakthrough in deaf education. She proved to the

neg: John B. Hotchkiss permanent school for the deaf in the country. John B. Hotchkiss John Burton Hotchkiss (August 22, 1845 – November 3, 1922) was an American football coach and professor. He was deaf since the age of 9, and attended Gallaudet University, where later he was the first coach of the Gallaudet Bison football team. He is the namesake of their football field. Hotchkiss was also a writer; one of the founders and editors of the "Silent World", a short-lived paper for the deaf. Hotchkiss taught English and history. Hotchkiss became deaf due to meningitis or scarlet fever. He attended the American

neg: Linda Bove Linda Bove Linda Bove (born November 30, 1945) is a deaf American actress who performed as Linda the Librarian on the PBS children's series "Sesame Street" from 1971 to 2002. Bove was born deaf in Garfield, New Jersey, to two deaf parents. As a child, she attended St. Joseph School for the Deaf in Bronx, New York, and then Marie Katzenbach School for the Deaf in Trenton, New Jersey, from which she graduated in 1963. She attended Gallaudet College, now Gallaudet University, studying library science. From there, she became interested in theatre. She participated in several theatrical productions at Gallaudet

neg: Gallaudet University The 2010–11 season ended in the first round of the Division III NCAA Championships with a loss to Juniata. After a victory over Penn State-Berks in the 2010–11 season, Penn State guard Corin Bishop "said that she views the Gallaudet team as a great basketball team, not a team of deaf players." Hayes of Gallaudet later said, "I feel like there are people who stereotype us as deaf players, I'm just like everyone else who plays basketball". In an interview with Lydia Lum of "Diverse", he said, "Because of us, there's a growing awareness that there are differences between deaf

neg: Henry Winter Syle Henry Winter Syle Henry Winter Syle (November 9, 1846 – January 6, 1890) was the first deaf person to be ordained a priest in the Episcopal Church in the United States. Henry Winter Syle was born in Shanghai, China; Syle was a student and parishioner of Thomas Gallaudet. He was deaf from an early age. He attended Trinity College in Hartford, Connecticut, St. John's College in Cambridge, England, and Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut. Syle was encouraged to become a priest by Gallaudet. Ordained on October 14, 1883, he became the first deaf clergyman in the United States. He

neg: Gilbert O. Erickson Gilbert O. Erickson Gilbert Oscar Erickson (February 10, 1878 – March 26, 1951) was a college football player, photographer, and one of the founders of the National Literary Society of the Deaf as well as its first secretary. Gilbert Oscar Erickson was born on February 10, 1878 in Fergus Falls, Minnesota. Erickson was a prominent halfback for the Gallaudet Bison of Gallaudet University. In 1901, Erickson was selected All-Southern; George Andree was also a halfback for Gallaudet. Erickson was captain in 1902. The National Literary Society of the Deaf was founded on February 6, 1907 in Washington, D. C. by

neg: Edward C. Merrill Jr. Edward C. Merrill Jr. Edward C. Merrill Jr. (January 29, 1920 - January 27, 1995) was the Fourth President of Gallaudet University in Washington, DC. Under his administration from 1969 to 1983, the College made preparations for the expanded population of deaf students due to the Rubella epidemic in the 1960s. This was called "The Rubella Bulge." Dr. Merrill also oversaw the era of the Stokoe Linguistics Lab, when the use of American Sign Language as a natural human language acquired increasing acceptance in Deaf education. He obtained a bachelor's in English from the University of North Carolina in 1942,

neg: Roger Demosthenes O'Kelly Roger Demosthenes O'Kelly Roger Demosthenes O'Kelly was born on October 25, 1880, in Raleigh, North Carolina. "[O'Kelly] claimed the distinction of being the only Negro deaf lawyer in the United States and the second deaf person to graduate from Yale University in her history of over 250 years." Roger O'Kelly became deaf due to Scarlet fever when he was 9 years old, was "practically mute" as an adult, being able to "speak only to utter brief exclamations." He attended the North Carolina School for Colored Deaf and Blind. He first applied for admission at Gallaudet University in 1898 but his

neg: Frank Bowe of the United Nations (UN) International Year of Disabled Persons (IYDP-1981). Today, many countries are represented in key UN committees by persons who themselves are individuals with disabilities, including 14 who are, as Bowe was, deaf. In the mid-1980s, he chaired the U.S. Congress Commission on Education of the Deaf (COED), which made 52 recommendations for improving education and rehabilitation. COED issued a public draft of its final report in January, 1988. The example he and COED set was not lost on the students at Gallaudet University across town when, in March, 1988, they launched the Deaf President Now protest.

neg: George Veditz where he studied to be a teacher. During Veditz's time as a student, the college was known as the "National Deaf-Mute College" at the Columbia Institution for the Deaf. In 1893, it was renamed Gallaudet College, then later became Gallaudet University. Following his graduation from Gallaudet in 1884, Veditz began to work as a teacher at the Maryland School for the Deaf. The next year, in 1885, he accepted a new position at the Colorado School for the Deaf, where he worked as a teacher for another seventeen years. While in Colorado, he maintained his ties with his alma mater

neg: Samuel James Supalla horse”. When Supalla was 15, the Oregon School for the Deaf was invited by Gallaudet University to go to National Association of the Deaf. There was a talent competition in front of an audience of Gallaudet students. Supalla won the competition. At the end of high school, he enrolled at California State University Northridge in 1976 and graduated as a History major. During his college years, he was invited to a conference on American Sign Language research, as a part of the entertainment for the conference. It was this engagement that established the start of his professional career. During this

neg: Second International Congress on Education of the Deaf from the United States and Britain were the only ones who opposed the use of oralism as a sole method of instruction, but were unsuccessful in their efforts at the congress. Edward Miner Gallaudet and Reverend Thomas Gallaudet were among the protesters who fought against the oralist method. Since failing to overturn the Milan resolutions, Gallaudet ensured that the United States would not be completely converted to oralism-only, which included allowing high school students in institutes for the deaf to use sign language and maintaining Gallaudet College (now Gallaudet University) as a university that permits full usage of sign language.

neg: Gallaudet University the courts declare the children to be his wards and donated of his land to establish housing and a school for them. Edward Miner Gallaudet was the first superintendent of the new school. Later, John Carlin suggested placing a monument of Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet with Alice Cogswell. In 1857, the 34th Congress passed H.R. 806, which chartered the grammar school as the Columbia Institution for the Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb and the Blind and funded tuition costs for indigent deaf, dumb (mute), or blind children belonging to the District of Columbia. Seven years later, in 1864, the 38th

neg: Jane Fernandes was named the 9th President of Guilford College. She succeeded Kent Chabotar on July 1, 2014, becoming the first woman to hold this position. On August 26, 2015, Fernandes was formally inaugurated as the first female and the ninth president of Guilford College. In 1995 she returned to Gallaudet to become the vice president for the Laurent Clerc National Deaf Education Center. In 2000, she was named provost of the university by President I. King Jordan, who appointed her without consulting the faculty, a move which Jordan called "a terrible mistake". Fernandes in her application for the university presidency wrote:

neg: Matthew Eby Soccer and Basketball. He then enrolled at Gallaudet University where he became a three-time All-CAC Second team selection (2004, 2005, 2006). While at Gallaudet Eby competed on the USA Deaf National Soccer Team at the World Deaf Football Championship. Eventually placing fourth out of fifteen teams. Eby worked as Assistant Coach of the Bison Soccer team at Gallaudet while playing for Real Maryland. Eby was encouraged by a former coach to try out for the Real Maryland team, who saw a notice that the team was holding tryouts. Eby attended tryouts with an interpreter which is what first grabbed Coach

neg: Gallaudet Bison football read by opposing players, a particular concern when Gallaudet played other schools for the deaf. To remedy this, he had his players form a circle so that his sign-language signals could be sent and received without anyone on the sidelines or on the opposing team seeing. The following football players have been inducted into the Gallaudet Athletics Hall of Fame. Gallaudet Bison football The Gallaudet Bison football team represents Gallaudet University in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division III competition. It has been discontinued many times, and most recently restarted in 2007. After an undefeated season in 2005, which was

neg: Percival Hall shortly after she earned her BA. They had three children, Percival Hall, Jr. (1901 – 1968), professor of mathematics and astronomy at Gallaudet; Marion Hall Fisher, a writer (1905 – deceased, April 4, 1983); and Jonathan Hall (1912 – 2008), professor of natural science at Gallaudet. Jonathan was born in "House One," on campus, on February 6, 1912. Percival Hall Percival Hall (September 16, 1872 – November 7, 1953) was the second president of Gallaudet University (1910 – 1945). He was a strong advocate of the use of sign language in the education of the deaf, and also an advocate

neg: Seeing Voices Seeing Voices Seeing Voices: A Journey Into the World of the Deaf is a 1989 book by neurologist Oliver Sacks. The book covers a variety of topics in Deaf studies, including sign language, the neurology of deafness, the history of the treatment of Deaf Americans, and linguistic and social challenges facing the Deaf community. It also contains an eyewitness account of the March 1988 Deaf President Now student protest at Gallaudet University, the only liberal arts college for deaf and hard of hearing in the world. "Seeing Voices" was Sacks' fifth book. Critics of "Seeing Voices" agreed that the book

neg: Donalda Ammons she was honoured as the Gallaudet Distinguished Professor of the Year. As a deaf person herself, Donalda Ammons Kay has been an educator in many deaf schools. In 1977, she has taught at the Maryland School for the Deaf for three years. She has also taught Spanish in the department of foreign languages and literatures at Gallaudet University, a university serving the deaf. Ammons Kay had been a member of the Comite International des Sports des Sourds since 1997. She was appointed as the 4th Secretary-general of the ICSD in 1997 and she was the only woman to have held

neg: Gallaudet University are also admitted as undergraduates each year. The university was named after Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet, a notable figure in the advancement of deaf education. Gallaudet University is officially bilingual, with American Sign Language (ASL) and written English used for instruction and by the college community. Although there are no specific ASL proficiency requirements for undergraduate admission, many graduate programs require varying degrees of knowledge of the language as a prerequisite. In 1856, philanthropist and former United States Postmaster General Amos Kendall became aware of several deaf and blind children in Washington, D.C., who were not receiving proper care. Kendall had

neg: Gallaudet University by educators in the field. Staff are skilled in various research methodologies including surveys, test norming and assessment, ethnographic studies, clinical studies, and information management. In 2016, RSIA began hosting the Gallaudet Research Expo, to give students, faculty, and staff "the opportunity to share ideas and showcase scholarly pursuits and achievements." Presentations represent "education, linguistics, STM, neuroscience, interpretation and translation, computer science, audiology, psychology, deaf studies, and other fields that reflect Gallaudet's research priorities." The third Gallaudet RExpo will be held in October 2018. Gallaudet University Press publishes two academic journals, "American Annals of the Deaf" (est. 1847) and "Sign

neg: Robert Panara Robert Panara Robert F. Panara (8 July 1920 - 20 July 2014) was a poet, a professor and a co-founder of the National Technical Institute for the Deaf (NTID) and the National Theater of the Deaf. Panara is considered to be a pioneer in deaf culture studies in the United States. Panara was born in 1920 in The Bronx of New York City, and lost his hearing as a child from spinal meningitis. After high school, he attended and graduated from Gallaudet College ("now" Gallaudet University). He went on to teach at Gallaudet College, before moving to the Rochester Institute

neg: Robert Panara Americans series honoring Robert Panara. Robert Panara Robert F. Panara (8 July 1920 - 20 July 2014) was a poet, a professor and a co-founder of the National Technical Institute for the Deaf (NTID) and the National Theater of the Deaf. Panara is considered to be a pioneer in deaf culture studies in the United States. Panara was born in 1920 in The Bronx of New York City, and lost his hearing as a child from spinal meningitis. After high school, he attended and graduated from Gallaudet College ("now" Gallaudet University). He went on to teach at Gallaudet College, before

neg: Gallaudet College Historic District Gallaudet College Historic District The Gallaudet College Historic District is a National Historic Landmark District encompassing the historic early campus of Gallaudet University in Washington, D.C.. Gallaudet is the first school of higher education to be devoted to the education of the deaf and hard of hearing. Its campus was planned by Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux, and its Gothic buildings were designed by Frederick Withers. The main Gallaudet College building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1966 and designated a National Historic Landmark in 1965. The landmarked area was increased to cover the southern

neg: Gallaudet University Press volume of this series is due to be published in May 2018. Gallaudet University Press Gallaudet University Press (GUPress) is a publisher that focuses on issues relating to deafness and sign language. It is a part of Gallaudet University in Washington D.C., and was founded in 1980 by the university's Board of Trustees. The Press is a member of the Association of University Presses. The Press publishes two quarterly journals: "American Annals of the Deaf" and "Sign Language Studies". Gallaudet University Press is a vital, self-supporting member of the Gallaudet educational and scholarly community. The mission of the Press is

neg: I. King Jordan both the faculty and students. Jordan, taking a line from page 10 of the 1995 book "Deaf President Now" (by Christiansen and Barnartt), publicly accused some critics of rejecting Fernandes because she was allegedly not "deaf enough". They replied that such a charge is off-base, because Jordan himself was accepted as president, even though he did not become deaf until he was 21. The protesters insisted that they protested for more profound reasons, such as Fernandes' character, leadership, and policies. Jordan resigned from the Gallaudet presidency in December 2006 and retired from the Gallaudet faculty in December 2008. On April

neg: Thomas Gallaudet (Episcopal priest) died in infancy, named Laurent Clerc Gallaudet. He was most certainly named after the man his father brought back from France to help start his Deaf-Mute School, Laurent Clerc. Following in his father's footsteps, in 1852, Gallaudet established St. Ann's Church for Deaf Mutes in New York City. In 1872 Gallaudet, Jane Middleton, and the Church Mission to Deaf-Mutes established the Home for Aged and Infirm Deaf-Mutes in a brownstone located at 220 East 13th Street in New York City. Jane served as the first Superintendent and Matron of the home from 1872 until her death in 1885. In 1886,

neg: Chuck Baird artworks. Among these are a 150-foot long collage/mural he created for The Learning Center for Deaf Children in Framingham, Massachusetts in 1995, and a 30x10 mural at Gallaudet entitled "The Five Panels: Deaf Experiences". The mural is still on exhibit and has been lauded for its importance to the Deaf experience. In it, the child signs, "Are you Deaf?" and the adult signs, "Deaf, like you!" In May 1989, prior to the international Deaf culture festival at Gallaudet University, Deaf Way II, Baird was one of eight Deaf artists (along with Betty G. Miller) who produced a manifesto for De'VIA

neg: Albert Berg captain of the football team at Gallaudet. Berg later recalled:"In passing and kicking the ball, I was considered exceptionally strong." He received a bachelor's degree from Gallaudet in 1886. Several sources report that Berg was an alumnus of Princeton University. Other sources dispute Berg's having any connection with Princeton. A group of students at Purdue University formed the school's first football team in 1887. Berg was hired as the coach. Despite being deaf, Berg was reportedly "the only man in the territory with any knowledge of the game." Berg was 23 years old when he became Purdue's football "coacher." He

neg: Gallaudet University England; Edinburgh, Scotland; Bordeaux, France; Marseilles, France; Munich, Bavaria (Munich, Germany); Bruges, Belgium; St. Petersburg, Russia; Åbo, Finland (Turku, Finland); Stockholm, Sweden; and Copenhagen, Denmark. The biggest educational conference in the then-history of deaf education was held during the month of May 1868 in Washington, D.C., largely made up of principals of schools for the deaf. Fourteen schools for the deaf were represented from 22 different states. The chief topic of discussion was the recommendations put forth by Edward Gallaudet regarding adding articulation lessons to schools' curricula. In 1868–69, the first students completed a full course of college studies, all

neg: Ronda Jo Miller their barn. She was educated at the Minnesota State High School for the Deaf and at the Metro Deaf School. She graduated at Gallaudet University in 2001. She made her Deaflympic debut at the 1997 Summer Deaflympics as part of the US deaf basketball team that claimed the gold medal. She then became the member of the US deaf volleyball team and clinched silver and bronze medals at the 2001 Summer Deaflympics and 2005 Summer Deaflympics respectively. Apart from her Deaflympic career, she had a great stint with Gallaudet University women's basketball team, scoring over 1000 points for Bison. In

neg: Laurent Clerc eventually became a teacher there. In 1815 he traveled with Sicard and Massieu to England to give a lecture and coincidentally met Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet who was traveling in search of means for instructing deaf children. Gallaudet was invited to visit the school in Paris. Then in 1816, after a few months of hospitation, he invited Clerc to accompany him to the United States to establish the first permanent school for the Deaf in Hartford, Connecticut, which now is known as American School for the Deaf. During the trip across the ocean, Clerc learned English from Gallaudet, and Gallaudet sign

neg: Linda Bove Theatre of the Deaf cooperated in publishing a book, "Sign Language Fun With Linda Bove" Linda Bove Linda Bove (born November 30, 1945) is a deaf American actress who performed as Linda the Librarian on the PBS children's series "Sesame Street" from 1971 to 2002. Bove was born deaf in Garfield, New Jersey, to two deaf parents. As a child, she attended St. Joseph School for the Deaf in Bronx, New York, and then Marie Katzenbach School for the Deaf in Trenton, New Jersey, from which she graduated in 1963. She attended Gallaudet College, now Gallaudet University, studying library science.

neg: Lawrence R. Newman Lawrence R. Newman Lawrence R. Newman (March 23, 1925 – July 4, 2011) was a prominent deaf activist, educator and author who served two terms as President of the National Association of the Deaf from 1986 to 1990. He was named "California Teacher of the Year" in 1968. An early proponent of bilingual education for the Deaf, he was the author of two books: "Sands of Time: NAD Presidents 1880-2003", and "I Fill this Small Space: The Writings of a Deaf Activist". Newman was awarded on honorary doctor of letters degree by Gallaudet University in 1978 in recognition of his

neg: Edward C. Merrill Jr. a master's in Educational Administration and Supervision from the University of Tennessee in 1948, and a Ph.D. Degree in Educational Administration from George Peabody College for Teachers in 1954. He was awarded an honorary LL.D. degree by Gallaudet in 1969. Edward C. Merrill Jr. Edward C. Merrill Jr. (January 29, 1920 - January 27, 1995) was the Fourth President of Gallaudet University in Washington, DC. Under his administration from 1969 to 1983, the College made preparations for the expanded population of deaf students due to the Rubella epidemic in the 1960s. This was called "The Rubella Bulge." Dr. Merrill also

neg: Thomas Gallaudet (Episcopal priest) after years of hard work and fund raising, the Home was moved to Poughkeepsie and was renamed the Gallaudet Home for Deaf-Mutes. Gallaudet was also instrumental in the work of the Sisterhood of the Good Shepherd, a group of women engaged in urban ministry in and around New York City. One of Gallaudet's students, Henry Winter Syle, became the first deaf person to be ordained by the Episcopal Church. Both Gallaudet and Syle are listed in the Episcopal Church's Calendar of Saints for August 27. Gallaudet is buried in Cedar Hill Cemetery in Hartford, Connecticut. Thomas Gallaudet (Episcopal priest) The

neg: Edward Miner Gallaudet of Gallaudet University, which was sculpted by Pietro Lazzari. He is buried in Cedar Hill Cemetery in Hartford. Edson Fessenden Gallaudet, who was Edward Miner Gallaudet's fifth child (and second child with his second wife Susan) was an early pioneer in the field of aviation, being the first to experiment with wing warping, and the founder of the first aircraft factory in America. "The same arguments which go to show that knowledge is power, that the condition of a people is improved in proportion as the masses are educated, have their application with equal weight to the deaf..."—Edward Miner Gallaudet,

neg: Gallaudet University appendix that includes the text of 99 Federal Acts related to Gallaudet/Columbia which were enacted between 1857 and 1912. There have been 15 occasions in Gallaudet history when a US president has visited either the campus or attended an official function off campus. President Johnson's second visit, in 1966, was unannounced and impromptu. President Kennedy had planned to attend the centennial celebration at Gallaudet in 1964, but was assassinated. Several programs and majors are offered at Gallaudet University. The five most popular majors are business, visual and performing arts, communication studies, physical education, and psychology. Gallaudet University offers thirty graduate

neg: Gallaudet College Historic District south to include Professor's Row. The district includes Chapel Hall, a major example of Collegiate Gothic architecture and the President's House, an elaborate example of High Victorian Gothic design, both designed by Frederick Withers as part of the original master plan. Gallaudet College Historic District The Gallaudet College Historic District is a National Historic Landmark District encompassing the historic early campus of Gallaudet University in Washington, D.C.. Gallaudet is the first school of higher education to be devoted to the education of the deaf and hard of hearing. Its campus was planned by Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux, and

neg: Patsy Lynch journalist to do so. Her photography appeared in a 2007 exhibit called "Community Pioneers", of which she said: Her work is in the collection of the Smithsonian Museum of American History. Patsy Lynch Patsy Lynch (born July 21, 1953) is an American photographer. Her work documents GLBT civil rights advocacy. Lynch grew up in Washington, D.C. She graduated from Elon University, where she was co-editor of the college newspaper, and from Gallaudet University. She has covered such events as the 1979 National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights, and the 1988 Deaf President Now protests at Gallaudet. Her

neg: Gallaudet University October 11, a group of protesting students shut down the campus. On October 16 at a regularly scheduled meeting, faculty members voted 138 to 24 to block Fernandes from becoming president of Gallaudet University. Fernandes said, "I really don't understand so I have to believe it's not about me. ... I believe it's about evolution and change and growth in the deaf community." On October 29, the university withdrew the appointment of Fernandes. In an opinion piece in "The Washington Post", Jordan defended Fernandes's remarks and denounced the board's decision and the actions of the protesters, saying, "I am convinced

neg: Edson Fessenden Gallaudet a pilot's brevet with the Aero Club of France flying a Nieuport monoplane. Gallaudet was born in Washington, DC to Edward Miner Gallaudet, the son of Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet, founder of Gallaudet University. Both his father and grandfather were famous educators in the field of deaf education. He received his B.A. from Yale University in 1893, and his PhD in Electrical Engineering from Johns Hopkins University in 1896. He worked at Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania from 1896 to 1897, then became an instructor of physics at Yale, where he taught from 1897 to 1900. From 1900

neg: Clayton Valli scholarship funds are named in his memory at Gallaudet University. Clayton Valli Clayton Valli (1951–2003) was a prominent Deaf linguist and American Sign Language (ASL) poet whose work helped further to legitimize ASL and introduce people to the richness of American Sign Language literature. Born in Newburyport, Massachusetts, Valli attended the Austine School for the Deaf in Vermont. He earned an A.A.S. in photography from the National Technical Institute for the Deaf at the Rochester Institute of Technology and a B.A. from the University of Nevada, Reno in social psychology. In 1985, he received his M.A. in linguistics from Gallaudet

neg: Claire L. Ramsey Claire L. Ramsey Claire L Ramsey is an American linguist. Ramsey is an Associate Professor Emerita at the University of California, San Diego. She is an alumna of Gallaudet University and is former instructor at the University of Nebraska in Lincoln, Nebraska. Ramsey's research has focused on the sociolinguistics of deaf and signing communities in the US and Mexico. Ramsey is the author of two books, "Deaf Children in Public Schools" and "The People Who Spell", both published by Gallaudet University Press. She co-authored the report titled "Deaf Students as Reader and Writers: A Mixed-mode Research Approach" with Carol Padden.

neg: Heidi Zimmer Heidi Zimmer Heidi Zimmer is an American deaf mountaineer who has accomplished several notable firsts in mountaineering. She was born deaf, and became the first deaf woman in history to reach the top of Mt. McKinley on June 13, 1991. At the top, she unfolded a banner reading "DEAF WOMAN, A PARADE THROUGH THE DECADES". On August 15th, 1992, Zimmer became the first deaf person to summit Mt. Elbrus. On September 22nd, 1994, Zimmer became the first deaf woman to summit Mt. Kilimanjaro. She has also won a bronze medal in the Deaf Olympics. She graduated from Gallaudet University in

neg: Roberto Wirth in Italy and from other institutions, such as the Laurent Clerc Cultural Fund of the Gallaudet University, in Washington DC, in July 1992 (for excellence in a field not related to deafness), as well as for his professional career as successful hotelier. Since 1992, every year, the "Roberto Wirth" scholarship, in collaboration with the U.S.-Italy Fulbright Commission, is awarded to deaf educators of deaf and deafblind children. The winner of the scholarship attends Gallaudet University in Washington, D.C. the only bilingual (American Sign Language and English) university in the world that is fully accessible to the deaf and hard of

neg: Deafhood America became more motivated to seek recognition from mainstream society on the legitimacy of American deaf culture and their status as a linguistic minority. Deafhood has received recognition during the protests at Gallaudet University in Washington, D.C. in May and October 2006. Gallaudet University is still the world's only university in which all programs and services are specifically designed to accommodate deaf and hard of hearing students. Deafhood Deafhood is a term coined by Paddy Ladd in his book "Understanding Deaf Culture: In Search of Deafhood". While the precise meaning of the word remains deliberately vague—Ladd himself calls Deafhood a

neg: Andrew Foster (educator) Andrew Foster (educator) Andrew Jackson Foster (1925–1987) was a missionary to the deaf in Ghana, Rwanda and other countries in Africa from 1956 until his death in 1987. In 1954, he became the first Deaf African American to earn a bachelor's degree from Gallaudet University and the first to earn a master's degree from Eastern Michigan University. He soon earned a second master's degree from Seattle Pacific Christian College (now called Seattle Pacific University). He founded Christian Mission for the Deaf African in 1956 and eventually set out for Accra, Ghana, where he established the first school for the deaf

neg: Gallaudet University significant figure in helping the college achieve accreditation. He also led the college in developing new departments, especially drama. He directed Gallaudet theater productions, which eventually led to starting the National Theatre of the Deaf. In 1986, Congress again amended the charter of the Institution, renaming it Gallaudet University. The school was established in 1857 with considerable efforts being made by several concerned citizens of Washington, D.C. Two houses were used, one purchased and one rented. On November 1, 1858, the First Annual Report was submitted to the Secretary of the Interior. During the school's second full year of operation

neg: Tyrone Giordano Tyrone Giordano Tyrone Giordano (born 1976) is a Deaf American film, television, and stage actor. He is known for his roles in the musical "Big River" and the movie "The Family Stone". Giordano was born in Hartford, Connecticut to deaf parents. He went to Montgomery Blair High School in Silver Spring, Maryland, and Gallaudet University in Washington, DC. In 1999, Giordano was a member of a small troupe of deaf and hearing actors when he won his first professional role as a member of the Chorus in the Arena Stage production of "The Miracle Worker." In 2001, he enrolled in

neg: American School for the Deaf (Mason Fitch Cogswell), was deafened in childhood by fever at a time when the British schools were an unacceptable substitute for a local school. Dr. Cogswell prevailed upon the young Gallaudet (who had recently graduated from Yale University's School of Divinity and had begun studying at Andover). Gallaudet met young Alice in Hartford, where he was recovering from a chronic illness. Cogswell and nine other citizens decided that the known 84 deaf children in New England needed appropriate facilities. However, competent teachers could not be found, so they sent Gallaudet in 1815 on a tour of Europe, where deaf education

neg: Gallaudet University building using $9,000 that Congress appropriated to the school. There were 35 deaf students and 6 blind students. During vacation in August a regiment of troops used the brick building for a hospital, and some of the students who stayed over the summer helped with tending to the sick soldiers. One soldier died. For the first time, Gallaudet proposed expanding the school to create a college for deaf students. Even with new construction completed for the 1862-1863 school year, the school was still at capacity and more money was needed to purchase of adjoining land and then build even more