query: who was the 1st indian leader to use the word swaraj

pos: Swaraj Swaraj Swarāj ( "swa-" "self", "raj" "rule") can mean generally self-governance or "self-rule", and was used synonymously with "home-rule" by Maharishi Dayanand Saraswati and later on by Mohandas Gandhi, but the word usually refers to Gandhi's concept for Indian independence from foreign domination. Swaraj lays stress on governance, not by a hierarchical government, but by self governance through individuals and community building. The focus is on political decentralisation. Since this is against the political and social systems followed by Britain, Gandhi's concept of Swaraj advocated India's discarding British political, economic, bureaucratic, legal, military, and educational institutions. S. Satyamurti, Chittaranjan Das

pos: Swaraj swaraj enunciated by Gandhi, in the present day context by changing the system of governance. Swaraj Swarāj ( "swa-" "self", "raj" "rule") can mean generally self-governance or "self-rule", and was used synonymously with "home-rule" by Maharishi Dayanand Saraswati and later on by Mohandas Gandhi, but the word usually refers to Gandhi's concept for Indian independence from foreign domination. Swaraj lays stress on governance, not by a hierarchical government, but by self governance through individuals and community building. The focus is on political decentralisation. Since this is against the political and social systems followed by Britain, Gandhi's concept of Swaraj advocated

neg: Swaraj Bhavan verandahs and high-ceilinged rooms have witnessed many trysts with destiny; some are known and documented by historians of modern India, others known only to its inmates who are no more. Now, the Swaraj Bhavan premise conducts classes to teach arts and crafts to children. A light and sound programme is also organized here. There are four shows every day. Swaraj Bhavan Swaraj Bhavan (formerly Anand Bhavan, meaning "Adobe of Bliss") is a large mansion located in Prayagraj, India. It was owned by Indian political leader Motilal Nehru in the 19th century, it has served as the ancestral home of the

neg: Sushma Swaraj the motion, Swaraj clarified that Lalit Modi's right of residency was not cancelled since the Enforcement Directorate did not file an extradition request. The Adjournment Motion was subsequently rejected with voice vote. Sushma Swaraj was heavily criticised in 2014 when she urged Prime Minister Modi to declare Bhagwat Gita as the national book of India. Sushma Swaraj Sushma Swaraj () (born 14 February 1952) is an Indian politician and a former Supreme Court lawyer. A senior leader of Bharatiya Janata Party, Swaraj is serving as the Minister of External Affairs of India since 26 May 2014; she is the second

neg: Sushma Swaraj Sushma Swaraj Sushma Swaraj () (born 14 February 1952) is an Indian politician and a former Supreme Court lawyer. A senior leader of Bharatiya Janata Party, Swaraj is serving as the Minister of External Affairs of India since 26 May 2014; she is the second woman to hold the office, after Indira Gandhi. She has been elected seven times as a Member of Parliament and three times as a Member of the Legislative Assembly. At the age of 25 in 1977, she became the youngest cabinet minister of north Indian state of Haryana. She also served as 5th Chief Minister

neg: Swaraj Kaushal Swaraj Kaushal Swaraj Kaushal (born 12 July 1952) is an Indian criminal lawyer practising in New Delhi. He was designated Senior Advocate by the Supreme Court of India at age 34. He has the distinction of being India's youngest ever Advocate General at age 34 and Governor of a state at 37 years of age. He served as Governor of Mizoram between 1990 and 1993. During the Emergency of 1975-77, he defended socialist leader George Fernandes in the famous Baroda dynamite case. He secured release of the underground Mizo leader Laldenga in the conspiracy trial in 1979. Thereafter, he was

neg: Purna Swaraj weakened India's links with the British Empire. The Indian National Congress, the largest Indian political party of the time, was at the head of the national debate. Congress leader and famous poet Hasrat Mohani was the first activist to demand complete independence (Poorna Swaraj) from the British in 1921 from an All-India Congress Forum. Veteran Congress leaders such as Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Aurobindo and Bipin Chandra Pal had also advocated explicit Indian independence from the Empire. Following the 1919 Amritsar Massacre, there was considerable public outrage against British rule. Europeans, (civilians and officials) were targets and victims of violence across

neg: History of India the senior officers all British and many of the troops from small minority groups such as Gurkhas from Nepal and Sikhs. The civil service was increasingly filled with natives at the lower levels, with the British holding the more senior positions. Bal Gangadhar Tilak, an Indian nationalist leader, declared Swaraj as the destiny of the nation. His popular sentence "Swaraj is my birthright, and I shall have it" became the source of inspiration for Indians. Tilak was backed by rising public leaders like Bipin Chandra Pal and Lala Lajpat Rai, who held the same point of view, notably they advocated

neg: Sushma Swaraj the British High Commissioner that they should examine Modi's request as per their rules and wrote "if the British government chooses to give travel documents to Lalit Modi -– that will not spoil our bilateral relations". However, some people mentioned this incident as Swaraj helping Lalit Modi in the travel visa process. On 12 August 2015, leader of Indian National Congress, Mallikarjun Kharge, moved an Adjournment Motion in the lower house seeking resignation of Sushma Swaraj due to her alleged conduct in this regard. Initially, the motion was rejected by the Speaker, but was accepted on Swaraj's insistence. Intervening in

neg: Swaraj Bhavan Swaraj Bhavan Swaraj Bhavan (formerly Anand Bhavan, meaning "Adobe of Bliss") is a large mansion located in Prayagraj, India. It was owned by Indian political leader Motilal Nehru in the 19th century, it has served as the ancestral home of the Nehru Family— future Prime Minister of India Indira Gandhi was born there. The First Prime Minister of India Jawaharlal Nehru was however not born in Anand Bhawan. It is managed by the 'Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Fund', Delhi and functions as a museum open to the public. It has 42 rooms and a number of memorabilia including a charkha used

neg: Maharashtra Swaraj Party Maharashtra Swaraj Party Maharashtra Swaraj Party (MSP) is a regional political party formed by the christian community in Mumbai, India.T. The party's name draws inspiration from the phrase "Swaraj is my Birthright", coined by East Indian freedom fighter and Mumbai's first mayor of Indian origin, Joseph 'Kaka' Baptista. Kaka Baptista was a close associate of Lokmanya Tilak who made the phrase popular. The organisation, aimed at representing the East Indian community, was initiated by various local NGO's like Watchdog Foundation, Mobai Gaothan Panchayat, Bombay East India Association, Vakola Advanced Locality Management, Kalina Civic Forum and the Kolovery Welfare Association. MSP

neg: Sushma Swaraj was the first female Spokesperson of a national political party in India. She has many firsts to her credit as BJPs first female Chief Minister, Union Cabinet Minister, general secretary, Spokesperson, Leader of Opposition and Minister of External Affairs. She is the Indian Parliament's first and the only female MP honoured with the Outstanding Parliamentarian Award. She has contested 11 direct elections from four states. She has served as the President of the Hindi Sahitya Sammelan in Haryana for four years. During the times of Emergency, on 13 July 1975, Sushma Swaraj married Swaraj Kaushal, a peer and fellow advocate

neg: Swaraj Party Swaraj Party The Swaraj Party as established as the Congress-Khilafat Swaraj Party. It was a political party formed in India in January 1923 after the Gaya annual conference in December 1922 of the National Congress, that sought greater self-government and political freedom for the Indian people from the British Raj. It was inspired by the concept of Swaraj. In Hindi and many other languages of India, "swaraj" means "independence" or "self-rule." The two most important leaders were Chittaranjan Das, who was its president and Motilal Nehru, who was its secretary. Das and Nehru thought of contesting elections to enter the

neg: Swaraj (book) reach as many people as possible. Anti-corruption activist and Gandhian Anna Hazare wrote the foreword for the book. The book has been translated to other Indian languages, such as Oriya. Swaraj (book) Swaraj is a 2012 book by the Indian social activist-turned-politician Arvind Kejriwal, who credits several people with writing it. Published in several languages, including English, Hindi and Malayalam, the book questions the existing democratic framework in India and proposes a way how the people of India can achieve true Swaraj (self-rule). "Swaraj" presents a model of governance based on Gandhi's concept of Swaraj or "Home-Rule". Its central point

neg: Swaraj Bhavan by Mahatma Gandhi, photographs of the Indian freedom movement, personal belongings of the Nehru family and an underground room that is said to have been used occasionally for meetings. The building at 1 Church road that is today called Swaraj Bhavan was originally called Mahmud Manzil. It was built in 1871 for Syed Ahmad Khan, the 19th century Indian Muslim leader and educationist, at the behest of the then Lieutenant Governor of the NWP (North West provinces) William Muir. The latter often took the advice of Syed Ahmad Khan in administrative matters which necessitated Khan's presence in Allahabad. However, since

neg: Central Legislative Assembly the Assembly, only some 182,000 voted. After the withdrawal of the non-cooperation movement, a group within the Indian National Congress formed the Swaraj Party and contested the elections in 1923 and 1926. The Swaraj Party led by Motilal Nehru as the leader of the Opposition was able to secure the defeat, or at least the delay, of finance bills and other legislation. However, after 1926, the members of the Swaraj Party either joined the government or returned to the Congress which continued its boycott of the legislature during the Civil Disobedience Movement. In 1934, the Congress ended its boycott of

neg: Sami Venkatachalam Chetty Sami Venkatachalam Chetty Sami Venkatachalam Chetty (died 17 November 1958) was an Indian politician, businessman and Indian independence activist who served as a member of the Madras Legislative Council and Imperial Legislative Council of India, as well as President of the Madras Corporation. He is largely known for his surprise victory over Assembly Speaker R. K. Shanmukham Chetty in the 1934 elections to the Imperial Legislative Council. Chetty joined the Indian National Congress in the early 1920s and was elected to the Madras Legislative Council in the 1926 elections. He served as the leader of the Swaraj Party in the

neg: Hind Swaraj or Indian Home Rule into English. The English edition was not banned by the British, who concluded that the book would have little impact on the English-speaking Indians' subservience to the British and British ideas. It has also been translated to French. Gandhi's "Hind Swaraj" takes the form of a dialogue between two characters, The Reader and The Editor. The Reader essentially serves as the typical Indian countryman whom Gandhi would have been addressing with "Hind Swaraj". The Reader voices the common beliefs and arguments of the time concerning Indian Independence. Gandhi, The Editor, explains why those arguments are flawed and interject his own

neg: Swaraj Party (Burma) Following the dissolution of the People's Party in the early 1930s, most of the former Swaraj Party leadership joined the Anti-Separation League. Swaraj Party (Burma) The Swaraj Party () was a political party in Burma in the 1920s. The party was formed by former members of the General Council of Burmese Associations prior to the 1925 elections, and was named after the Indian Swaraj Party. Its leadership included Ba Maw, N. C. Bannerjee and U Tok Kyi, who was head of the party. After his death he was succeeded by U Paw Tun. In the 1925 elections the party won

neg: Sushma Swaraj's tenure as External Affairs Minister Sushma Swaraj's tenure as External Affairs Minister Sushma Swaraj is the serving Indian External Affairs Minister under Prime Minister Narendra Modi from May 2014, responsible for implementing the foreign policy of Narendra Modi. She is only the second women to hold this position after Indira Gandhi. Swaraj, a lawyer by profession and a seasoned parliamentarian with many 'first-timer' records in her name often considered to be among the best spoken Indian politician and also known for her diplomatic skills. She served as the Leader of the Opposition in the 15th Lok Sabha from 2009 to 2014 and by virtue of

neg: Bal Gangadhar Tilak Bal Gangadhar Tilak Bal Gangadhar Tilak (or Lokmanya Tilak, ; 23 July 1856 – 1 August 1920), born as Keshav Gangadhar Tilak, was an Indian nationalist, teacher, lawyer and an independence activist. He was the first leader of the Indian Independence Movement. The British colonial authorities called him "The father of the Indian unrest." He was also conferred with the title of "Lokmanya", which means "accepted by the people (as their leader)". Tilak was one of the first and strongest advocates of Swaraj ("self-rule") and a strong radical in Indian consciousness. He is known for his quote in Marathi: "Swarajya

neg: Manju Swaraj is a remake of 2015 Telugu film "Pataas". Manju Swaraj was born on 6 October in Mysore, Karnataka, India. He completed his school from St. Joseph's High School, Mysore and pre-university course from Vishwamanava PU College, Mandya. Manju completed his graduation from SBRR Mahajana Degree College, Mysore. His uncle "Professor Krishne Gowda" is a famous Kannada stand up comedian and retired principal. Manju married Sahana in 2016. 1. "Manjunath Swaraj - Celebrity". Chiloka.com<br>2. "Director Manju Swaraj gets Married." timesofindia.com. Retrieved 11 March 2016. Manju Swaraj Manju Swaraj is an Indian film director, screenwriter who works in Kannada cinema. He rose

neg: Swaraj (book) Swaraj (book) Swaraj is a 2012 book by the Indian social activist-turned-politician Arvind Kejriwal, who credits several people with writing it. Published in several languages, including English, Hindi and Malayalam, the book questions the existing democratic framework in India and proposes a way how the people of India can achieve true Swaraj (self-rule). "Swaraj" presents a model of governance based on Gandhi's concept of Swaraj or "Home-Rule". Its central point is that power, which is concentrated in the hands of a few individuals in New Delhi and state capitals, must be vested to gram sabhas and "mohalla sabhas" (Not to

neg: Swaraj Party (Burma) Swaraj Party (Burma) The Swaraj Party () was a political party in Burma in the 1920s. The party was formed by former members of the General Council of Burmese Associations prior to the 1925 elections, and was named after the Indian Swaraj Party. Its leadership included Ba Maw, N. C. Bannerjee and U Tok Kyi, who was head of the party. After his death he was succeeded by U Paw Tun. In the 1925 elections the party won nine seats. In 1926 or 1927 it merged with the Nationalist Party and the Home Rule Party to form the People's Party.

neg: Hind Swaraj or Indian Home Rule arguments. As 'The Editor' Gandhi puts it, "it is my duty patiently to try to remove your prejudice." In the dialogue that follows, Gandhi outlines four themes that structure his arguments. In September 1938, the philosophical magazine "The Aryan Path" published a symposium on "Hind Swaraj". The contributors were several noted writers: Frederick Soddy, Claude Houghton, G. D. H. Cole, C. Delisle Burns, John Middleton Murry, J. D. Beresford, Hugh Fausset, Gerald Heard and Irene Rathbone. Their responses to "Hind Swaraj" varied from "enthusiasm to respectful criticism". Hind Swaraj or Indian Home Rule Hind Swaraj or Indian Home Rule is

neg: Hind Swaraj or Indian Home Rule Hind Swaraj or Indian Home Rule Hind Swaraj or Indian Home Rule is a book written by Mohandas K. Gandhi in 1909. In it he expresses his views on Swaraj, modern civilization, mechanisation etc. Mohandas Gandhi wrote this book in his native language, Gujarati, while traveling from London to South Africa on board SS "Kildonan Castle" between November 13 and November 22, 1909. In the book Gandhi gives a diagnosis for the problems of humanity in modern times, the causes, and his remedy. The Gujarati edition was banned by the British on its publication in India. Gandhi then translated it

neg: Pseudo-secularism community in India; the term "pseudo-secular" implies that those who claim to be secular are actually not so, but are anti-Hindu or pro-minority. The Hindu nationalist politicians accused of being "communal" use it as a counter-accusation against their critics. The first recorded use of the term "pseudo-secularism" was in the book "Philosophy and Action of the R.S.S. for the Hind Swaraj", by Anthony Elenjimittam. In his book Elenjimittam accused leaders of the Indian National Congress of pretending to uphold secularism. After the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) was accused of representing the Hindu communalism in Indian politics it started using the

neg: Swaraj Party existing dyarchy system. In 1934, the Madras Province Swarajya Party merged with the All India Swarajya Party which subsequently merged with the Indian National Congress when it contested the 1935 elections to the Imperial Legislative Council under the Government of India Act 1935. From 1935 onward, the Swarajya Party ceased to exist and was succeeded by the Indian National Congress in the elections to the Imperial Legislative Council as well as the Madras Legislative Council. Swaraj Party The Swaraj Party as established as the Congress-Khilafat Swaraj Party. It was a political party formed in India in January 1923 after the

neg: Purna Swaraj Purna Swaraj The Purna Swaraj declaration, or Declaration of the Independence of India, was promulgated by the Indian National Congress on 19 December 1929, resolving the Congress and Indian nationalists to fight for Purna Swaraj, or "complete self-rule" independent of the British Empire (literally in Sanskrit, "purna" (), "complete", "swa" (), "self," "raj" (), "rule," thus "complete self-rule"). The flag of India was hoisted by Jawaharlal Nehru on 31 December 1929 on the banks of Ravi river, in Lahore, modern-day Pakistan. The Congress asked the people of India to observe 26th of January as Independence Day. The flag of India

neg: Hemanta Kumar Sarkar Hemanta Kumar Sarkar Hemanta Kumar Sarkar () (1897–1952) was an Indian philologist, author, biographer, editor, publisher, union leader, leader of the Indian freedom movement and an associate of Subhas Chandra Bose. He was a close friend and the first biographer of Subhas Chandra Bose, the co-founder of Labour Swaraj Party in Bengal along with Muzaffar Ahmed and Kazi Nazrul Islam and led the movement for the Partition of Bengal and formation of Bengali Hindu homeland in 1947. Sarkar was born in 1897 in the village of Baganchra near Shantipur in the district of Nadia, the fifth of six sons to

neg: Manju Swaraj Manju Swaraj Manju Swaraj is an Indian film director, screenwriter who works in Kannada cinema. He rose to fame with 2013 film "Shravani Subramanya". Manju Swaraj started his film career by working as an assistant director to Nagathihalli Chandrashekhar in 2005 film "Amrithadhare". He made is direction debut in 2009 film "Shishira" which got positive reviews. In 2013 he directed "Shravani Subramanya" casting Ganesh and Amulya which became one of the major blockbusters of 2013 by completing 100 days. Manju then directed "Srikanta" in 2017 casting Dr Shiva Rajkumar which became successful. His next film is "Pataki" with Ganesh which

neg: 2011 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election National Congress general secretary), Pranab Mukherjee (Indian National Congress union minister), Nitin Gadkari (BJP president), Sushma Swaraj (BJP MP), Venkaiah Naidu (former BJP president), M. Karunanidhi (DMK chief minister of Tamil Nadu), J. Jayalalithaa (leader of AIADMK) and Vijayakanth (leader of DMDK). Over 810,000 voters were eligible to take part in the polls. 2011 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election A legislative assembly election was held in the Indian union territory of Puducherry April 13, 2011 to elect members from thirty constituencies in the non-contiguous territory. March 26, 2011 marked the last day to complete nominations for the elections. March 30, 2011

neg: Swaraj Prakash Gupta Swaraj Prakash Gupta Swaraj Prakash Gupta (S. P. Gupta, 1931–2007) was an Indian archaeologist and art historian. He was Chairman of the Indian Archaeological Society and worked as the Director of the Allahabad Museum. Gupta was born in 1931. He became a member of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh during his childhood. He remained a bachelor throughout his life. Gupta was a scholar, writer and an authority on Indian art history and wrote articles and books on the subject. Gupta also undertook several archaeological excavations in Harappan sites. At the time of his death, he was the Chairman of the Indian

neg: Lalit Modi in the Delhi High Court, and BJP leader Sushma Swaraj's daughter Bansuri Swaraj was one of the nine lawyers who represented him. The High Court restored Modi's passport in August 2014. In June 2015, British Member of Parliament Keith Vaz was reported to the parliamentary standards commissioner for lobbying UK immigration officials on behalf of Lalit Modi. It was revealed that Vaz had mentioned a recommendation from Sushma Swaraj (then an opposition leader) in his correspondence with the immigration officials. Modi's wife Minal was diagnosed with breast cancer during 2008–09, and was being treated in Portugal. In 2014, when requested

neg: Hemanta Kumar Sarkar his political career. In 1927, he published the first biographical sketch of Subhas Chandra Bose. Hemanta Kumar Sarkar Hemanta Kumar Sarkar () (1897–1952) was an Indian philologist, author, biographer, editor, publisher, union leader, leader of the Indian freedom movement and an associate of Subhas Chandra Bose. He was a close friend and the first biographer of Subhas Chandra Bose, the co-founder of Labour Swaraj Party in Bengal along with Muzaffar Ahmed and Kazi Nazrul Islam and led the movement for the Partition of Bengal and formation of Bengali Hindu homeland in 1947. Sarkar was born in 1897 in the village

neg: Maharashtra Swaraj Party plans expand to the rest of Maharashtra. The party fielded five candidates from Mumbai's suburbs in the 13th Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election. Since the organisation is not registered as a political party, the candidates were fielded as independents. Names of candidates announced by the party include: Maharashtra Swaraj Party Maharashtra Swaraj Party (MSP) is a regional political party formed by the christian community in Mumbai, India.T. The party's name draws inspiration from the phrase "Swaraj is my Birthright", coined by East Indian freedom fighter and Mumbai's first mayor of Indian origin, Joseph 'Kaka' Baptista. Kaka Baptista was a close associate

neg: Purna Swaraj people across India by appointing a seven-man committee led by Sir John Simon, it was an all - European commission Simon Commission to deliberate on constitutional and political reforms for India. Indian political parties were neither consulted nor asked to involve themselves in the process. Upon arrival in India, Chairman Sir John Simon and other commission members were met with angry public demonstrations, which followed them everywhere. The death of a prominent Indian leader, Lala Lajpat Rai, from severe beatings by British police officials further outraged the Indian public. The Congress appointed an all-Indian commission to propose constitutional reforms for

neg: Saifuddin Kitchlew January 1930, the Indian National Congress declared Indian independence and inaugurated an era of civil disobedience and revolution aimed to achieve full independence. Kithclew was a founding leader of the Naujawan Bharat Sabha (Indian Youth Congress), which rallied hundreds of thousands of students and young Indians to nationalist causes. He was a member of the Foundation Committee of Jamia Millia Islamia, which met on 29 October 1920 and led to the foundation of Jamia Millia Islamia University. He started an Urdu daily "Tanzim" and was instrumental in the establishment of "Swaraj Ashram" in January 1921 at Amritsar to train young

neg: Swaraj Prakash Gupta Indian Archaeological Society, of which S. P. Gupta was the chairman, received considerable support from the Vishva Hindu Parishad (VHP). The VHP organised a Press Conference ten days before the Archaeological Society of India (ASI) submitted its report to the Allahabad High Court regarding its excavations of Ayodhya, in which S. P. Gupta summarised the would-be contents of the report. Swaraj Prakash Gupta Swaraj Prakash Gupta (S. P. Gupta, 1931–2007) was an Indian archaeologist and art historian. He was Chairman of the Indian Archaeological Society and worked as the Director of the Allahabad Museum. Gupta was born in 1931. He

neg: Anand Bhavan Anand Bhavan The Anand Bhavan is a historic house museum in Allahabad, India focusing on the Nehru Family. It was bought by Indian political leader Motilal Nehru in the 1930s to serve as the residence of the Nehru family when the original mansion Swaraj Bhavan (previously called Anand Bhavan) was transformed into the local headquarters of the Indian National Congress. Jawahar Planetarium, the planetarium is situated here, which has been striving to inculcate scientific temper among masses through its sky shows on astronomy and science. Anand Bhavan was donated to Indian government in 1970 by the then Prime Minister Indira

neg: Maniben Patel institutions including the Gujarat Vidyapith, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Bardoli Swaraj Ashram and Navajivan Trust prior to her death in 1990. In 2011, the Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Memorial Trust undertook a project to publish her Gujarati diary, in collaboration with Navajivan Publications. Maniben Patel Maniben Patel (3 April 1903 – 1990) was an Indian independence movement activist and a Member of the Indian parliament. She was the daughter of freedom fighter and post-Independence Indian leader Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel. Educated in Mumbai, Maniben adopted the teachings of Mahatma Gandhi in 1918, and started working regularly at his ashram in Ahmedabad. Maniben was born

neg: Purna Swaraj it to Nehru outright. The Congress regularly observed 26 January as the Independence Day of India – commemorating those who campaigned for Indian independence. In 1947, the British agreed to transfer power and political finesse to India, and 15 August became the official Independence Day. However, the new Constitution of India, as drafted and approved by the Constituent Assembly, was mandated to take effect on 26 January 1950, to commemorate the 1930 declaration. On that day in 1950, India became a republic. 26 January is now celebrated as Republic Day of India every year. Purna Swaraj The Purna Swaraj declaration,

neg: "Bhagavad Gita As It Is" trial in Russia On December 20, Sushma Swaraj, leader of the largest opposition party BJP demanded that the Indian government declare the "Bhagavad Gita" a "national book". Her move seconded by a BJP member of Rajya Sabha, Tarun Vijay, who asked rhetorically "Can sun be banned, Himalayas be banned ...?" Members across party lines voiced their support. Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha K. Rahman Khan, member of the Indian National Congress, said "the entire house agrees with this and joins in condemning this". On December 21, a Bharatiya Janata Party delegation led by the party's foreign affairs chief Vijay Jolly met with

neg: India–Israel relations the guest of honour, and delivered the inaugural address in India's annual strategic and diplomatic conference, Raisina Dialogue, where he highlighted various aspects of Israel's success story as a high-tech and innovation-based economy, and also spoke about challenges plaguing the Middle East, while expressing hope and optimism for the future of his country's relations with India. Notable leaders who attended his conference included Narendra Modi, Sushma Swaraj, former Afghan President Hamid Karzai, Indian Minister of State M J Akbar and Indian National Congress leader Shashi Tharoor. New Delhi found in the Defense industry of Israel a useful source of weapons,

neg: Swaraj India were not able to unleash the kind of revolution that was aimed at. Gandhi's model of Swaraj was almost entirely discarded by the Indian government. He had wanted a system of a classless, stateless direct democracy. Additionally, modern India has kept in place many aspects of British (and Western) influence, including widespread use of the English language, the common law, industrialisation, liberal democracy, military organisation, and bureaucracy. The Aam Aadmi Party was founded in late 2012, by Arvind Kejriwal and some erstwhile activists of India Against Corruption movement, with the aim of empowering people by applying the concept of

neg: 2013 India–Pakistan border skirmishes January 8 was premeditated, a pre-planned activity. Such an operation requires planning, detailed reconnaissance." Then Indian Leader of Opposition, Sushma Swaraj said that "If Pakistan does not return the severed head of the martyred soldier Hemraj, India should get at least 10 heads from the other side". She also said that the Indian government had to avenge the death of the two soldiers. Protests took place outside the Pakistani High Commission in New Delhi, and the protesters painted "Pakistan Murdabad" (Death to Pakistan) on its walls. The Indian Army also released the photos of landmines planted by Pakistan in Indian-controlled

neg: 2014 Bharatiya Janata Party campaign for Indian general election L. K. Advani was given the Gandhinagar seat from Gujarat. BJP president Rajnath Singh shifted to Lucknow away from home constituency of Ghaziabad. Arun Jaitley, who is contesting for the Lok Sabha seat for the first time, is fielded from Amritsar. Party leader Sushma Swaraj is contesting from home constituency of Vidisha. Party's vice-president Smriti Irani was fielded from high-profile constituency of Amethi. Nomination of BJP candidate S. Gurumurthy was rejected from Niligiris for failing to submit mandatory forms during his nomination. The move to field Arun Jaitley from Amritsar was controversial as incumbent MP Navjot Singh Sidhu was unhappy

neg: Indian National Congress the First World War, the party became associated with Gandhi, who remained its unofficial spiritual leader and icon. He formed an alliance with the Khilafat Movement in 1920 to fight for preservation of the Ottoman Caliphate, and rights for Indians using civil disobedience or "satyagraha" as the tool for agitation. In 1923, after the deaths of policemen at Chauri Chaura, Gandhi suspended the agitation. In protest, a number of leaders, Chittaranjan Das, Annie Besant, and Motilal Nehru, resigned to set up the Swaraj Party. The Khilafat movement collapsed and Congress was split. The rise of Gandhi's popularity and his "satyagraha"

neg: M. Swaraj on Stalin, which he posted on Facebook, that he neither support Stalin nor oppose him, received sharp responses from the democrats of Kerala. Swaraj has been married to Saritha Menon, an HR professional, since 2008. M. Swaraj M Swaraj (born 1979) is an Indian politician of the Communist Party of India (Marxist), and represents Thripunithura constituency in the Kerala Legislative Assembly. He was the former secretary of DYFI Kerala unit. M Swaraj was born at Nettikulam, Malappuram District. He attended SVHSS Palemad, Edakkara for his Secondary education. He completed his BA in Economics from Marthoma College, Chungathara under the University

neg: Sushma Swaraj Health Minister, she set up six All India Institute of Medical Sciences at Bhopal (MP), Bhubaneshwar (Odisha), Jodhpur (Rajasthan), Patna (Bihar), Raipur (Chhattisgarh) and Rishikesh (Uttrakhand). Swaraj was re-elected to the Rajya Sabha for third term in April 2006 from Madhya Pradesh state. She served as the Deputy leader of Opposition in Rajya Sabha till April 2009. She won the 2009 election for the 15th Lok Sabha from the Vidisha Lok Sabha constituency in Madhya Pradesh by the highest margin of over votes. Sushma Swaraj became Leader of Opposition in the 15th Lok Sabha in place of Lal Krishna Advani

neg: Sushma Swaraj at the Supreme Court of India. The Emergency movement brought together the couple, who then teamed up for the defence of the socialist leader George Fernandes. Swaraj Kaushal is now a senior advocate of Supreme Court of India and a criminal lawyer who served as Governor of Mizoram from 1990 to 1993. He was a member of parliament from 1998 to 2004. The couple have a daughter, Bansuri, who is a graduate from Oxford University and a Barrister at Law from Inner Temple. Sushma Swaraj's sister Vandana Sharma is an associate professor of political science in a government college for

neg: M. Swaraj M. Swaraj M Swaraj (born 1979) is an Indian politician of the Communist Party of India (Marxist), and represents Thripunithura constituency in the Kerala Legislative Assembly. He was the former secretary of DYFI Kerala unit. M Swaraj was born at Nettikulam, Malappuram District. He attended SVHSS Palemad, Edakkara for his Secondary education. He completed his BA in Economics from Marthoma College, Chungathara under the University of Calicut in 2000. He later pursued an LLB degree from Kerala Law Academy Law College, Thiruvananthapuram in 2004 and a Master's degree from Annamalai University in 2007. Swaraj entered politics through Student activism. He

neg: Lalit Modi by British Authorities, Sushma Swaraj requested the British authorities to go by law of the land. British authorities provided Modi travel documents to attend to his ailing wife in Portugal. Modi also revealed that on 25 August 2011, BJP leader Vasundhara Raje (also an opposition leader at that time) signed a document supporting his application to the British authorities. The application, which was never presented to the British authorities, had a secrecy clause that it should not be revealed to the Indian authorities. In her affidavit, Raje had claimed that Modi was a victim of a "political witch hunt" by

neg: Swaraj Party The party disintegrated after the death of C. R. Das. The Swaraj Party was formed on 9 January 1923 by Indian politicians and members of the Indian National Congress who had opposed Mahatma's suspension of all civil resistance on 5 February 1922 in response to the Chauri Chaura tragedy, where policemen were killed by a mob of protestors. Gandhi felt responsible for the killings, reproached himself for not emphasizing non-violence more firmly, and feared that the entire Non-Cooperation Movement could degenerate into an orgy of violence between the British-controlled army and police and mobs of freedom-fighters, alienating and hurting millions

neg: Swaraj Express It now runs with LHB coaches. As with most train services in India, Coach Composition may be amended at the discretion of Indian Railways depending on demand. The 12471 Bandra Terminus Katra Swaraj Express covers the distance of 1955 kilometres in 30 hours 50 mins (63.41 km/h) & 1950 kilometres in 30 hours 50 mins (63.24 km/h) as 12472 Katra Bandra Terminus Swaraj Express. As the average speed of the train is above 55 km/hr, as per Indian Railway rules, its fare includes a Superfast surcharge. The 12471/72 Bandra Terminus Jammu Tawi Swaraj Express runs via Vadodara Junction, Ratlam Junction,

neg: Anand Bhavan Gandhi, the granddaughter of Motilal Nehru and daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru. Anand Bhavan The Anand Bhavan is a historic house museum in Allahabad, India focusing on the Nehru Family. It was bought by Indian political leader Motilal Nehru in the 1930s to serve as the residence of the Nehru family when the original mansion Swaraj Bhavan (previously called Anand Bhavan) was transformed into the local headquarters of the Indian National Congress. Jawahar Planetarium, the planetarium is situated here, which has been striving to inculcate scientific temper among masses through its sky shows on astronomy and science. Anand Bhavan was donated

neg: Vithalbhai Patel that the term "Political Upliftment of India" was too vague a term and deprived Bose of the proceeds. Sardar Patel kept a neutral attitude during the whole affair, but in his official biography published later by Navajivan Press, Ahmedabad the very authenticity of the will was questioned. Vithalbhai Patel Vithalbhai Patel (27 September 1873 – 22 October 1933) was an Indian legislator and political leader, co-founder of the Swaraj Party and elder brother of Sardar Patel. Born in Nadiad, in the Indian state of Gujarat, Vithalbhai Jhaverbhai Patel was the third of five Patel brothers, four years elder to Vallabhbhai

neg: Swaraj Kaushal where husband and wife are both Members of Parliament. He married Sushma Swaraj on 13 July 1975. Their only child, Bansuri Swaraj, is a graduate from Oxford University and a Barrister from Inner Temple. She is also a Criminal lawyer practising before the Delhi High Court and Supreme Court of India. Swaraj Kaushal Swaraj Kaushal (born 12 July 1952) is an Indian criminal lawyer practising in New Delhi. He was designated Senior Advocate by the Supreme Court of India at age 34. He has the distinction of being India's youngest ever Advocate General at age 34 and Governor of a

neg: Indian independence movement Indian nationalist to embrace "Swaraj" as the destiny of the nation. Tilak deeply opposed the then British education system that ignored and defamed India's culture, history and values. He resented the denial of freedom of expression for nationalists, and the lack of any voice or role for ordinary Indians in the affairs of their nation. For these reasons, he considered Swaraj as the natural and only solution. His popular sentence "Swaraj is my birthright, and I shall have it" became the source of inspiration for Indians. In 1907, the Congress was split into two factions: The "radicals", led by Tilak,

neg: Vithalbhai Patel Vithalbhai Patel Vithalbhai Patel (27 September 1873 – 22 October 1933) was an Indian legislator and political leader, co-founder of the Swaraj Party and elder brother of Sardar Patel. Born in Nadiad, in the Indian state of Gujarat, Vithalbhai Jhaverbhai Patel was the third of five Patel brothers, four years elder to Vallabhbhai Patel, raised in the village of Karamsad. According to Gordhanbhai Patel, a mistake on Vitalbhai's birthdate has crept into many modern accounts. His birthdate is clearly stated as 27 September 1873 on his last passport but the confusion arose from obituary notices after his death listing it

neg: Tractors in India development of Swaraj Tractor based on indigenous know how. That is how the idea for development of what was to become Swaraj was initiated. The first prototype was ready in May 1967 and by April 1970, field experience of over 1,500 hours had been gained. At that point, it was decided to christen a name for the product – signifying Indian, easy to pronounce and signifying power and grace. The name `Swaraj', was approved by the then Prime Minister, Mrs Indira Gandhi. In 1970, the Government of Punjab acquired the Swaraj tractor's design and established Punjab Tractors Limited (PTL). The

neg: Flag of India component of the independence struggle. While Muslims were still wary of the "Swaraj" flag, it gained acceptance among Muslim leaders of the Congress and the Khilafat Movement as the national flag. Detractors of the flag movement, including Motilal Nehru, soon hailed the "Swaraj" flag as a symbol of national unity. Thus, the flag became a significant structural component of the institution of India. In contrast to the subdued responses of the past, the British Indian government took greater cognisance of the new flag, and began to define a policy of response. The British parliament discussed public use of the flag,

neg: Motilal Nehru The Leader, which was much too liberal for Motilal's standard and articulate thought in 1919. He started on the path to become wealthy among the few leaders of the Indian National Congress. Under the influence of Mahatma Gandhi in 1918, Nehru became one of the first to transform his life to exclude western clothes and material goods, adopting a more native Indian lifestyle. To meet the expenses of his large family and large family homes (he built Swaraj Bhavan later), Nehru had to occasionally return to his practice of law.Swaraj Bhawan originally belonged to Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, the 19th

neg: Sushma Swaraj of Delhi from 13 October 1998 to 3 December 1998. In the 2014 Indian general election, she won the Vidisha constituency in Madhya Pradesh for a second term, retaining her seat by a margin of over 400,000 votes. She became the Minister of External Affairs in the union cabinet on 26 May 2014. Swaraj was called India's 'best-loved politician' by the US daily Wall Street Journal. Sushma Swaraj OR Chinku Swaraj (née Sharma) was born on 14 February 1952 at Ambala Cantt, Haryana, to Hardev Sharma and Shrimati Laxmi Devi. Her father was a prominent Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh member. Her

neg: Dayananda Saraswati works include the Satyarth Prakash, Satyarth Bhumika, Sanskarvidhi, RigvedadiBhashyaBhumika, Rigved Bhashyam (up to 7/61/2)and Yajurved Bhashyam. The Paropakarini Sabha located in the Indian city of Ajmer was founded by the Swami himself to publish and preach his works and Vedic texts. Dayananda Saraswati Dayanand Saraswati (12 February 1824 – 30 October 1883) was an Indian religious leader and founder of the Arya Samaj, a Hindu reform movement of the Vedic dharma. He was also a renowned scholar of the Vedic lore and Sanskrit language. He was the first to give the call for "Swaraj" as "India for Indians" in 1876,

neg: Lakshmi Krishnamurti authoritative book on the leader. She also founded the Satyamurti Centre for Democratic Studies on the occasion of Satyamurti's birth centenary in 1987. Lakshmi died on 14 June 2009 after a brief illness. She was 83. Lakshmi Krishnamurti Lakshmi Krishnamurti (1 August 1925 – 14 June 2009) was an Indian author and politician. She is the daughter of Indian independence activist S. Satyamurti. Lakshmi Krishnamurti was born on 1 August 1925. in Madras, British India. Her father S. Satyamurti was one of the leading politicians of the Swaraj Party at that time. While in the General Hospital in Madras and

neg: Chittaranjan Das Chittaranjan Das Chittaranjan Das (C. R. Das) ( "Chittorônjon Dash"), popularly called Deshbandhu (Friend of the Nation), (5 November 1869 – 16 June 1925), was a leading Indian politician, a prominent lawyer, an activist of the Indian National Movement and founder-leader of the Swaraj (Independence) Party in Bengal during British occupation in India. Chittaranjan Das was born near Vikrampur in Dhaka on 5 November 1870 in a well-known Baidya-Brahmin , Bikrampur, Dhaka in Bengal, now part of Munshiganj District of Bangladesh. Bikrampur has a long historical and cultural trail since many centuries. In 12th Century it was the capital of

neg: Reactions to the death of Osama bin Laden Laden as "historic" and a "victorious milestone" in the global war against terrorism. The Chief Minister of Gujarat, Narendra Modi, expressed his happiness about bin Laden's death, and the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) also hailed the news. The BJP said that bin Laden was the most dangerous face of global and jihadi terrorism and needed to be punished for his evil ideologies and stressed that his death in Pakistan proved India's repeated assertion that "Pakistan is the epicenter of global terrorism". Senior BJP leader Sushma Swaraj (also the opposition leader in the Indian Parliament) said, "Osama was enemy number one

neg: Sushma Swaraj parents hailed from Dharampura area of Lahore, Pakistan. She was educated at Sanatan Dharma College in Ambala Cantonment and earned a bachelor's degree with majors in Sanskrit and Political Science. She studied law at Punjab University, Chandigarh. A state-level competition held by the Language Department of Haryana saw her winning the best Hindi Speaker award for three consecutive years. In 1973, Swaraj started practice as an advocate in the Supreme Court of India. Swaraj began her political career with Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad in the 1970s. Her husband, Swaraj Kaushal, was closely associated with the socialist leader George Fernandes and

neg: Swaraj Mazda these vehicles were marketed under the Swaraj Mazda Isuzu brand. In addition, Swaraj Mazda is moving to offer the Isuzu D-Max pickup. Former associate company Punjab Tractors manufactured agricultural tractors and combine harvesters under the Swaraj brand name before selling 64.6% to Mahindra Tractors. In 2009, Mahindra and Swaraj Mazda settled a dispute over the use of the "Swaraj" name, allowing Swaraj Mazda to continue using the name for only two more years. Swaraj Mazda Limited has informed the Exchange that at the Board Meeting of the Company held on 1 October 2010, the Board of Directors have decided to

neg: Swaraj led to India's discarding of the Zamindari system of land tenure and social organisation, were also inspired by the ideas of Swaraj. Swami Dayanand Saraswati, founder of the Arya Samaj and a Hindu reformer, defined "swaraj" as the "administration of self" or "democracy". Swami Dayanand Saraswati, beginning with the premise that God had created people free to perform any work they were inclined to choose, then questioned the legitimacy of the foreign British occupation to make the Indian nation slaves on their own land? In the Swami's view, "swaraj" was the basis for freedom fighting. Dadabhai Navroji said that he

neg: Indian independence movement in Tamil Nadu in the government and another faction called the "Swaraj Party" which was in favour of council entry. The Swaraj Party under S. Srinivasa Iyengar emerged as the single-largest party in the 1926 elections. However, the Swaraj Party refused to form the government prompting the governor Lord Goschen to install a regional aristocrat P. Subbarayan as the Premier and nominate members of his own choice to the council to support him. However, the government was beset with problems from the very beginning as both the Swaraj Party as well as the Justice Party tried to topple it. The Simon Commission arrived

neg: History of British Ceylon accept minority status to be one of the main causes which broke up the CNC. The CNC did not seek independence or "Swaraj". What may be called the independence movement broke into two streams, viz., the "constitutionalists", who sought independence by gradual modification of the status of Ceylon, and the more radical groups associated with the Colombo Youth League, Labour movement of Goonasinghe, and the Jaffna Youth Congress. These organizations were the first to raise the cry of Swaraj, or outright independence, following the Indian example, when Jawaharlal Nehru, Sarojini Naidu and other Indian leaders visited Ceylon in 1926. The

neg: Rafi Ahmed Kidwai of the Swaraj Party in the Assembly. Kidwai's political acumen helped maintain an unity in the party on controversial issues. In 1929, Kidwai was elected the Secretary of the Swaraj Party in the Assembly. He had utmost loyalty towards Moti Lal Nehru. The Indian National Congress made a demand of Purna Swaraj on 19 December 1929 and Mahatma Gandhi launched the Civil Disobedience Movement in January 1930. In January 1940, Kidwai resigned from the Central Legislative Assembly in response to the Purna Swaraj resolution by the Congress Working Committee and plunged into the Civil Disobedience Movement. After the passage of

neg: Swaraj Express Swaraj Express The 12471/72 Bandra Terminus Katra Swaraj Express is a Superfast express train belonging to Indian Railways Northern Railways Zone that runs between Bandra Terminus and Katra in India. It operates as train number 12471 from Bandra Terminus to Katra and as train number 12472 in the reverse direction. It would initially run from Mumbai Central. Later it was transferred to Bandra Terminus. Gets Gzb Wap4/7 for end to end journey The 12471/72 Bandra Terminus Katra Swaraj Express presently has 2 AC 2 tier, 5 AC 3 tier, 10 Sleeper Class, 2 General Unreserved coaches & 1 Pantry Car.

neg: Sushma Swaraj on 21 December 2009 and retained this position till May 2014 when in Indian general election, 2014 her party got a major victory. Swaraj has been serving as the Indian Minister of External Affairs under Prime Minister Narendra Modi since May 2014, responsible for implementing the foreign policy of Narendra Modi. She is only the second woman to hold this position after Indira Gandhi. In 1977, she became the youngest ever Cabinet Minister in the country at 25 years of age. In 1979, she became State President of Janata Party, Haryana State at the young age of 27. Sushma Swaraj

neg: Aundh Experiment the beginning of the experiment in 1938 caused concern among the British rulers, who reprimanded him for being a friend of Gandhi, who they called "the rebel against the Raj." In response, Jawaharlal Nehru and the Indian National Congress offered their support to the Raja. Swaraj, or self-rule, was the foundation of Gandhi's movement for independence from British domination, and included the principles of self-governance and community building. At the inauguration of the constitution, Raja Bhavanrao affirmed Gandhi's ideals of Swaraj, declaring that: We have to urge the people of Aundh to remember always that government being control, self government

neg: Mar Thoma IV several Jewish elements and Indian customs. In Malankara (Kerala) St. Thomas did not appoint any bishops, but an elder (Mooppen in Malayalam) was selected to lead the people. The parish leader was called Edavaka Mooppen and the church as a whole had a Malankara Mooppen. This was the tradition till 1653. The Malayalam versions of the Canons of the Synod of Diamper use these titles throughout the report except in three places where they use the Latin word "archidiaconus". There is no chance for the Malankara Church to use this Latin word. Portuguese were not familiar with the Malayalam wording

neg: Non-cooperation movement rule in India. Gandhi was horrified. He lost all faith in the goodness of the British government and declared that it would be a "sin" to cooperate with the "satanic" government. Indian Muslims who had participated in the Khilafat movement to restore the status of the Caliph gave their support to the non-cooperation movement. In response to the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre and other violence in Punjab, the movement sought to secure Swaraj, independence for India. Gandhi promised Swaraj in one year if his Non-Cooperation programme was fully implemented. The other reason to start the non-cooperation movement was that Gandhi lost

neg: Swaraj could be equated with "moksha" or salvation. Adopting Swaraj means implementing a system whereby the state machinery is virtually nil, and the real power directly resides in the hands of people. Gandhi said: "Power resides in the people, they can use it at any time." This philosophy rests inside an individual who has to learn to be master of his own self and spreads upwards to the level of his community which must be dependent only on itself. Gandhi said: "In such a state (where swaraj is achieved) everyone is his own ruler. He rules himself in such a manner

neg: Sushma Swaraj girls in Haryana. Swaraj's brother Dr. Gulshan Sharma is an Ayurveda doctor based in Ambala. On 10 December she underwent for a kidney transplant at AIIMS, with the organ being harvested from a living unrelated donor. The surgery was successful. Swaraj, while being the Minister of External Affairs of the NDA government, issued an NOC against a specific query raised by the UK government about the Indo-UK bilateral relationship if UK granted permission to Lalit Modi, an Indian fugitive in a cricket scandal who had been staying in Britain since 2010, to attend his wife's surgery in Portugal.She conveyed to

neg: Purna Swaraj short 750-word document; it does not have a legal/constitutional structure – instead, it reads more like a manifesto. The document called for severing ties with the British and claimed ‘Purna Swaraj’ or completes independence. It indicted British rule and succinctly articulated the resulting economic, political and cultural injustice inflicted on Indians. The document spoke on behalf of Indians and made its intention of launching the civil disobedience movement clear. There is some dispute as to who drafted the text of the declaration. Gandhi directly claimed authorship in 1940, while other sources either cite Nehru as a major editor or attribute

neg: Mahindra Tractors and has a fairly large customer base in the United States, Australia, Chile, Serbia, Indian Subcontinent, Iran, Syria and a major part of the African continent among many more. Mahindra operates in China, North America and Australia through its subsidiaries, Jiangling, Mahindra USA and Mahindra Australia. It also operates in some Indian states through its subsidiaries Mahindra Gujarat and Swaraj. Mahindra Tractors is number one in sales in India - the largest tractor market in the world - and it has been the market leader since 1983. Its sales are predominantly in the states of Gujarat, Haryana, Punjab, Maharashtra and

neg: Punjab Tractors Ltd. Deming Prize in the year 2012 and TPM Excellence Award from JIPM. Punjab Tractors Ltd. Swaraj division is a tractor and farm equipment making company which is owned by Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd. Formerly known as Punjab Tractors Limited, the company was taken over by Mahindra Group in 2007 and subsequently in 2009, the name was changed to Swaraj Division. Punjab Tractors was the first Indian company to indigenously manufacture agricultural tractors in India, aptly named as Swaraj - giving a new dimension to the concept of self-reliance put forth by MK Gandhi. The seeds of this organization were sown

neg: Punjab Tractors Ltd. Punjab Tractors Ltd. Swaraj division is a tractor and farm equipment making company which is owned by Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd. Formerly known as Punjab Tractors Limited, the company was taken over by Mahindra Group in 2007 and subsequently in 2009, the name was changed to Swaraj Division. Punjab Tractors was the first Indian company to indigenously manufacture agricultural tractors in India, aptly named as Swaraj - giving a new dimension to the concept of self-reliance put forth by MK Gandhi. The seeds of this organization were sown in Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute (CMERI), Durgapur (West Bengal) in 1960s

neg: Foreign hostages in Iraq persons dead until she had a concrete evidence. Sushma Swaraj had last year informed the Parliament that "sources who gave the government the confidence of not abandoning the search for the abducted Indians in Iraq include a head of state and a foreign minister of another country.” She had then refused to disclose the identity of the sources, citing “diplomatic confidentiality.” On 20 March 2018, Sushma Swaraj declared in the parliament that Thirty-nine missing Indian workers, who were taken hostage by ISIL in the Iraqi city of Mosul, have been killed. "I have concrete proof that 39 Indians have been

neg: Subhas Chandra Bose stature and agreed to accept nomination as Congress President.He stood for unqualified Swaraj (self-governance), including the use of force against the British. This meant a confrontation with Mohandas Gandhi, who in fact opposed Bose's presidency, splitting the Indian National Congress party. Bose attempted to maintain unity, but Gandhi advised Bose to form his own cabinet. The rift also divided Bose and Nehru. Bose appeared at the 1939 Congress meeting on a stretcher. He was elected president again over Gandhi's preferred candidate Pattabhi Sitaramayya. U. Muthuramalingam Thevar strongly supported Bose in the intra-Congress dispute. Thevar mobilised all south India votes for

neg: Swaraj had learnt the word "swaraj" from the "Satyarth Prakash" of Saraswati. Swaraj warrants a stateless society. According to Mahatma Gandhi, the overall impact of the state on the people is harmful. He called the state a "soulless machine" which, ultimately, does the greatest harm to mankind. The "raison d'etre" of the state is that it is an instrument of serving the people. But Gandhi feared that in the name of moulding the state into a suitable instrument of serving people, the state would abrogate the rights of the citizens and arrogate to itself the role of grand protector and demand

neg: Swaraj Express Tawi. Post electrification of Jalandhar - Jammu section, this train is now hauled end to end by a Vadodara based WAP4E or WAP 5 from Bandra Terminus to Jammu Tawi. Swaraj Express The 12471/72 Bandra Terminus Katra Swaraj Express is a Superfast express train belonging to Indian Railways Northern Railways Zone that runs between Bandra Terminus and Katra in India. It operates as train number 12471 from Bandra Terminus to Katra and as train number 12472 in the reverse direction. It would initially run from Mumbai Central. Later it was transferred to Bandra Terminus. Gets Gzb Wap4/7 for end to

neg: Swaraj Mazda change the name of the Company from Swaraj Mazda Limited to SML Isuzu Limited. As of 2011 they no longer use the "Swaraj" brand name. Swaraj Mazda Established in 1983, Swaraj Mazda Limited, at Chandigarh, India based automobile company, is owned by the Sumitomo Corporation of Japan and Punjab Tractors Limited of India, with a technical collaboration with Isuzu and Mazda of Japan. Sumitomo upped its stake in the company in 2009 by purchasing all of Punjab Tractors' remaining shares, raising their stake to 53.5% After some trial production in 1985, series production began in 1986. The company manufactures light

neg: Alekh Patra his own clothing, cleaning up of toilets to maintain a hygienic environment, do daily group prayer and follow other instructions of Gandhiji. After being released from the jail, he went to Wardha to get training on Swaraj, home rule and other Sarvodaya works. A book "Mati Deepara Alekhya" () was published on the occasion of his first death anniversary, with articles from some prominent authors and famous persons of the state. Alekh Patra Alekh Patra ( 1 July 1923 – 17 November 1999) was a prominent leader of Indian nationalism in British-ruled India. Employing non-violent civil disobedience, he participated in

neg: Dayananda Saraswati Dayananda Saraswati Dayanand Saraswati (12 February 1824 – 30 October 1883) was an Indian religious leader and founder of the Arya Samaj, a Hindu reform movement of the Vedic dharma. He was also a renowned scholar of the Vedic lore and Sanskrit language. He was the first to give the call for "Swaraj" as "India for Indians" in 1876, a call later taken up by Lokmanya Tilak. Denouncing the idolatry and ritualistic worship prevalent in Hinduism at the time, he worked towards reviving Vedic ideologies. Subsequently, the philosopher and President of India, S. Radhakrishnan called him one of the "makers

neg: Guṇa in many ancient and medieval era Indian texts. Depending on the context, it means: Guṇa is both a root and a word in Sanskrit. Its different context-driven meanings are derived from either the root or the word. In verse VI.36 of Nirukta by Yāska, a 1st millennium BC text on Sanskrit grammar and language that preceded Panini, "Guṇa" is declared to be derived from another root "Gaṇa", which means "to count, enumerate". This meaning has led to its use in speciation, subdivision, classification of anything by peculiarity, attribute or property. This meaning has also led to its use with prefixes

neg: Sushma Swaraj to 12 October 1998. Her most notable decision during this period was to declare film production as an industry, which made the Indian film industry eligible for bank finance. She also started community radio at universities and other institutions. In September 1999, BJP nominated Swaraj to contest against the Congress party's national President Sonia Gandhi in the 13th Lok Sabha election, from the Bellary constituency in Karnataka, which had always been retained by Congress politicians since the first Indian general election in 1951–52. During her campaign, she addressed public meetings in the local Kannada language. She secured votes in just

neg: Indian independence movement in Tamil Nadu in protest. The Governor intervened to appoint S. Muthiah Mudaliar and M. R. Sethuratnam Iyer as ministers in place of the resigned member sof the cabinet and appointed Sir M. Krishnan Nair, an important leader of the Justice Party, to his executive council, in order to enlist the support of its members. The motion was eventually defeated and the Simon Commission was accorded a warm welcome amidst cries of foulplay by the Swaraj Party. The Justice Party was voted back to power in the 1930 elections and B. Munuswamy Naidu served as Premier for a short term before being succeeded

neg: Unified settlement planning extra. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi visioned for a free country governed by their own people;he penned down his visions in a book Hind Swaraj or Indian Home Rule in 1909.Swaraj stated that every village should be its own republic, "independent of its neighbours for its own vital wants and yet interdependent for many others in which dependence is necessary". A decentralized, unexploited, co-operative, self-reliant and peace-loving development of a region is must for development of India. These ideas of swaraj was developed in light of contemporary scenario in India as Providing Urban Amenities to Rural Areas (PURA), envisioned by former president

neg: History of the British salt tax in India Nilakantha Das demanded the repeal of the salt tax in the Imperial Legislature but his pleas fell on deaf ears. In 1930, Orissa was close to open rebellion. Mohandas (Mahatma) Gandhi had written his first article on the salt tax in 1891 in the periodical "The Vegetarian". While in South Africa, he wrote in "The Indian Opinion": In 1909, Mahatma Gandhi wrote in his "Hind Swaraj" from South Africa, urging the British administration to abolish the salt tax. At the historic Lahore session of the Indian National Congress on 26 December 1929 in which "Purna Swaraj" was declared, a passing

neg: India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2014–2015) also said Indian violation of ceasefire was up to the intensity of fighting a small-scale war. On 31 December, National Security Adviser Sartaj Aziz directed a letter through the Embassy of Pakistan, New Delhi, to External Minister Sushma Swaraj protesting the "breach of trust" over the killing of two Rangers personnel. In response to letter, External Minister Sushma Swaraj reportedly dismissed Pakistan allegations. On 28 August 2015, the chief of army staff General Raheel Sharif reportedly quoted, "Indian ceasefire violations, targeting of civilians is "highly unprofessional, unethical, irresponsible and cowardly." - On 9 October 2014, United Nations general secretary Ban

neg: Socio Economic and Caste Census 2011 Socio Economic and Caste Census 2011 The Socio Economic and Caste Census 2011 (SECC) was conducted for the 2011 Census of India. Both major political parties, the Indian National Congress and the Bharatiya Janata Party had differences within the party over caste-based census. Leader of Opposition in the Lok Sabha Sushma Swaraj supported the idea of caste-based census, while then Union Home Minister P. Chidambaram was against it citing practical difficulties in counting caste while conducting the census. SECC 2011 data will also be used to identify beneficiaries and expand the direct benefit transfer scheme as part of its plans

neg: History of the Indian National Congress in the affairs of their own country – a precursor to "Swaraj". The All India Home Rule League was formed to demand dominion status within the Empire. But another Indian man with another way was destined to lead the Congress and the Indian struggle. Mohandas Gandhi was a lawyer who had successfully led the struggle of Indians in South Africa against British discriminatory laws. Returning to India in 1915, Gandhi looked to Indian culture and history, the values and lifestyle of its people to empower a new revolution, with the concept of non-violence, civil disobedience, he coined a term, "Satyagraha".