query: which military action led to us boycott the 1980 olympics

pos: 1980 Summer Olympics boycott affected by the boycott today; a University of Alabama media guide gave the history of all former students who were Olympic athletes. 1980 Summer Olympics boycott The 1980 Summer Olympics boycott was one part of a number of actions initiated by the United States to protest the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. The Soviet Union, which hosted the 1980 Summer Olympics, and other countries would later boycott the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. Western governments first considered the idea of boycotting the Moscow Olympics in response to the situation in Afghanistan at the 20 December 1979 meeting of NATO representatives.

pos: 1980 Summer Olympics boycott 1980 Summer Olympics boycott The 1980 Summer Olympics boycott was one part of a number of actions initiated by the United States to protest the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. The Soviet Union, which hosted the 1980 Summer Olympics, and other countries would later boycott the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. Western governments first considered the idea of boycotting the Moscow Olympics in response to the situation in Afghanistan at the 20 December 1979 meeting of NATO representatives. The idea was not completely new: since 1975/1976 proposals for an Olympic boycott circulated widely among human rights activists and groups as

pos: Gordon Singleton win double gold, in the 1000 meter Time Trial and the Match Sprint. In 1980, at the height of his career, Singleton was the #2 ranked sprint cyclist in the world, and one of the favorites for the gold medals at that year's summer Olympics. However, when the Canadians joined the US-led boycott of the Moscow Olympics, due to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, Singleton was deprived of competing in his second Olympics. In lieu of the Olympics, the Canadian Government set up an opportunity with additional funding for 20 of its top summer athletes to compete in an alternative

pos: 1984 Summer Olympics boycott boycott as retaliation for the US boycott of the 1980 Moscow Games, which had been in response to the 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, whereas the Soviet media repeated the government line that the boycott was a safety measure to protect their own athletes. However, no threat to Eastern Bloc athletes was ever discovered, and the athletes from the Eastern Bloc country that did attend the 1984 games in Los Angeles—Romania—encountered no problems, and in fact were widely cheered above all other visiting nations at the Opening Ceremonies when they marched into the Coliseum. Romania ended up finishing third in

pos: Malawi at the 1996 Summer Olympics the 1972 Summer Olympics, however, they did not compete again until the 1984 Summer Olympics. Malawi participated in an African boycott over New Zealand's participation at the 1976 Summer Olympics and joined a United States-led boycott of the 1980 Moscow Olympics over the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. This made Atlanta Malawi's fifth appearance at a Summer Olympic Games. The 1996 Summer Olympics were held from 19 July to 4 August 1996; 10,318 athletes represented 194 National Olympic Committees. The delegation sent by Malawi to Atlanta consisted of two athletics competitors, Henry Moyo and John Mwathiwa. The Marathon runner, Mwathiwa was

pos: Olympic Games Cold War opponents boycotted each other's Games. The United States and sixty-five other countries boycotted the Moscow Olympics in 1980 because of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. This boycott reduced the number of nations participating to 80, the lowest number since 1956. The Soviet Union and 15 other nations countered by boycotting the Los Angeles Olympics of 1984, contending that they could not guarantee the safety of their athletes. Although a boycott led by the Soviet Union depleted the field in certain sports, 140 National Olympic Committees took part, which was a record at the time. The fact that Romania,

pos: Robert Muldoon in condemning the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 and boycotting the 1980 Summer Olympics. However, his government did not participate in the US-led trade boycott against the Soviet Union since it would hurt New Zealand's predominantly agricultural export economy. In 1980, the National government also expelled the Soviet Ambassador, Vsevolod Sofinski, for handing money over to the SUP. Despite his antagonism towards the Soviet Union and domestic Communist movements, Muldoon's government still maintained economic relations with the Soviet Union. After David Yallop drew Muldoon's attention to the case of Arthur Allan Thomas, twice convicted for the murders of farming

neg: Soviet–Afghan War to deny safe haven to the mujahideen, destroying vital irrigation ditches, and laying millions of land mines. The military intervention was sharply and almost immediately denounced by the international community, with numerous sanctions and embargoes being imposed against the Soviet Union and the U.S.-led 1980 Summer Olympics boycott against Moscow, which was holding the event; the boycott and sanctions exacerbated Cold War tensions and enraged the Soviet government which later began and led a revenge boycott of the 1984 Olympics held in Los Angeles. The Soviets initially planned to secure towns and roads, stabilize the government under new leader Karmal,

neg: New Zealand at the 1980 Summer Olympics New Zealand at the 1980 Summer Olympics New Zealand competed in the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, USSR. In partial support of the US-led boycott, the banner of the NZOCGA was used instead of its national flag. Tay Wilson was the chef de mission. New Zealand's then largest team had been nominated with 99 competitors. However, only four New Zealand athletes competed as independents after the New Zealand government applied pressure to support the boycott. The 1980 Summer Olympics were hosted by the Soviet Union. After the host country invaded Afghanistan in December 1979, American president Jimmy Carter called for

neg: 1984 Summer Olympics boycott 1984 Summer Olympics boycott The boycott of the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles followed four years after the U.S.-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. The boycott involved 14 Eastern Bloc countries and allies, led by the Soviet Union, which initiated the boycott on May 8, 1984. Boycotting countries organized another major event, called the Friendship Games, in July and August 1984. Although the boycott led by the Soviet Union affected a number of Olympic events that were normally dominated by the absent countries, 140 nations still took part in the games, which was a record at

neg: 1984 Summer Olympics boycott the majority of Soviet Bloc countries will not participate in the Games, Ceaușescu's Romania is expected to attend. 1984 Summer Olympics boycott The boycott of the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles followed four years after the U.S.-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. The boycott involved 14 Eastern Bloc countries and allies, led by the Soviet Union, which initiated the boycott on May 8, 1984. Boycotting countries organized another major event, called the Friendship Games, in July and August 1984. Although the boycott led by the Soviet Union affected a number of Olympic events that were normally

neg: Boycott was not coined until 1880, the practice dates back to at least the 1790s, when supporters of the abolition of the slave trade in Britain advocated boycotting slave-produced sugar. Other instances include: During the 1973 oil crisis, the Arab countries enacted a crude oil embargo against the West. Other examples include the US-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, the Soviet-led boycott of the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, and the movement that advocated "disinvestment" in South Africa during the 1980s in opposition to that country's apartheid regime. The first Olympic boycott was in the 1956 Summer

neg: 1980 Summer Olympics boycott and be dramatically visible to those within the Soviet Union. Some Russian dissidents expressed an opinion that boycott would be a strong message to the Soviets who breached the Olympic rules to achieve their political goals. The Carter administration brought considerable pressure to bear on other NATO Member-States to support the boycott. Their support was not universal. The International Olympics Federations protested that the pressures by the US and other supporting countries for the boycott was an inappropriate means to achieve a political end, and the victims of this action would be the athletes. West German Chancellor Helmut Schmidt said

neg: Colombia at the Olympics medal tally for the Colombian delegation to a total of three medals. Despite being a US historical ally, Colombia did not support the US-Led boycott of the 1980 Moscow Olympics and attended the Games. Initially the then President of Colombia Julio Turbay supported the boycott, but the then president of Comité Olímpico Colombiano Fidel Mendoza did not abide the president's order and gave green light to 23 Colombian athletes to compete in the former soviet capital. Competing in the 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles, shooter Helmut Bellingrodt won his second silver medal in the same event he won his first

neg: Soviet–Afghan War international diplomatic response was severe, ranging from stern warnings from the UN to a US-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. The intervention, along with other events, such as the Iranian revolution and the US hostage stand-off that accompanied it, the Iran–Iraq War, the 1982 Lebanon War and the escalating tensions between Pakistan and India, contributed to the volatility of the Middle East and South Asian regions in the 1980s. The Non-Aligned Movement was sharply divided between those who believed the Soviet deployment to be a legitimate police action and others who considered the deployment an illegal invasion.

neg: 1980 Summer Olympics on 20 January 1980, that the US would boycott the Moscow Olympics if Soviet troops did not withdraw from Afghanistan within one month. 65 countries and regions invited did not take part in the 1980 Olympics. Many of these followed the United States' boycott initiative, while others cited economic reasons for not coming. Iran, under Ayatollah Khomeini hostile to both superpowers, boycotted when the Islamic Conference condemned the invasion. Many of the boycotting nations participated instead in the Liberty Bell Classic, also known as the "Olympic Boycott Games", in Philadelphia. However, the nations that did compete had won 71 percent

neg: 1980 Summer Olympics boycott a sanction for Soviet violations of human rights. At that moment, not many of the member governments were interested in the proposal. The idea began to gain popularity in early January 1980 when Soviet dissident Andrei Sakharov called for a boycott. On 14 January 1980, the Carter Administration joined Sakharov's appeal and set a deadline by which the Soviet Union must pull out of Afghanistan or face the consequences, including an international boycott of the games. On 26 January 1980, Canadian Prime Minister Joe Clark announced that Canada, like the US, would boycott the Olympic Games if Soviet forces did

neg: 1984 Summer Olympics boycott US Wins, You Win!" and gave away Big Mac hamburger sandwiches for every gold medal, fries for every silver medal, and Coca-Cola beverages for every bronze. The events of the boycott as well as the earlier 1980 Summer Olympics boycott were referenced in "", when the character Revolver Ocelot explains to Venom Snake what had transpired during the nine years he was in a coma. The boycott of the '84 Summer Olympics also receives a brief offhanded mention in Peter Bogdanovich's 1990 comedy "Texasville", which takes place earlier that summer. In an opening scene, a radio announcer mentions that while

neg: Canada at the 2004 Summer Olympics Canada at the 2004 Summer Olympics Canada competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece, from 13 to 29 August 2004. Canadian athletes have competed in every Summer Olympic Games since 1900, except the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow because of the US-led boycott. The Canadian Olympic Committee sent a total of 263 athletes, 130 men and 133 women, to take part in 28 sports. This was the nation's smallest delegation to the Games, since the nation boycotted the games in 1980. This had become a result of the COC changing its qualification standards, after a reduced medal showing

neg: History of the United States (1964–1980) boycott the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. After nine years of fighting, the Soviets were unable to suppress Afghan rebels and pulled out of the country. Soviet espionage of the US government, military, and major corporations during this period was relentless and little was done to stop it. In June 1978, Soviet dissident Alexander Solzhenitsyn gave the commencement address to the graduating class of Harvard and blasted the US for its perceived failure to stand up to communist tyranny. Solzhenitsyn's speech sent shock waves through an America which was suffering from post-Vietnam syndrome and preferred to forget that the eight

neg: Invasions of Afghanistan tradition and Islam. By 1979, fighting between the Afghan government and various other factions within the country, some of which were supported by the United States and other countries, led to a virtual civil war. The Afghan government requested increasing Soviet military support and eventually direct military involvement. Soviet General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev sent the 40th Army into Afghanistan on December 24, 1979. This event led to the boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow by the United States and other countries, and kick-started U.S. funding for Islamic Mujahideen groups who opposed the Afghan government and the Soviet military

neg: Football at the 1980 Summer Olympics – Men's African Qualifiers won 5–2 and qualified for the 1980 Summer Olympics football tournament." "Ghana won 4–2 and qualified for the 1980 Summer Olympics football tournament." "Algeria qualified for the 1980 Summer Olympics football tournament, Libya withdrew." Note: Due to the American-led political boycott, two countries Egypt and Ghana who qualified did not enter the Final Tournament and were replaced respectively by Zambia and Nigeria which participated with Algeria. Football at the 1980 Summer Olympics – Men's African Qualifiers This page provides the summaries of the matches of the qualifying rounds for the Football at the 1980 Summer Olympics to be held in

neg: Shimshon Brokman 1979 European 470 Championship in Spain, and the silver medal in the 1982 European 470 Championship in Hungary. In the 1980 420 World Championships in Quiberon, France, Brokman and Eitan Friedlander won the gold medal. In the 1980 470 World Championships, they came in 5th. Brockman and Friedlander were set to compete in the 470 sailing event at the 1980 Moscow Olympics, but did not because Israel joined in the US-led boycott of the Olympics prompted by the Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan. In 1983, they won a bronze medal at the 470 World Championships in Weymouth, England. Brokman competed

neg: Australia at the 1980 Summer Olympics Australia at the 1980 Summer Olympics Australia competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, USSR. In partial support of the American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics, athletes were encouraged to boycott by the government, and Australia competed under the Olympic Flag. 120 competitors, 92 men and 28 women, took part in 92 events in 17 sports. Flag bearers Denise Boyd (athletics) and Max Metzker (swimming), Australia’s first joint-flag carriers, carried the Olympic flag in the opening ceremony instead of the national flag. Countries marched in order of the Russian alphabet, and Australia was therefore second in the parade

neg: Cold War (1979–1985) had reached new heights not seen since the Cuban Missile Crisis. The Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan following the Saur Revolution in that country, ultimately leading to the deaths of around one million civilians. Mujahideen fighters succeeded in forcing a Soviet military withdrawal in 1989. In response, U.S. President Jimmy Carter announced a U.S.-led boycott of the Moscow 1980 Summer Olympics. In 1984, the Soviet Union responded with its own boycott of the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California. Tensions increased when the U.S. announced they would deploy Pershing II missiles in West Germany, followed by Reagan's announcement of the

neg: Indonesia at the Olympics Indonesia at the Olympics Indonesia first participated at the Olympic Games in 1952, and has sent athletes to compete in every Summer Olympic Games since then, except for 1964, due to controversy around the Games of the New Emerging Forces, and 1980, when they participated in the US-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics. Indonesia has never participated in the Winter Olympic Games. The National Olympic Committee for Indonesia was created in 1946 and recognized in 1952. Indonesian athletes have won a total of 32 medals, nineteen in badminton, twelve in weightlifting and one in archery. Among the countries in

neg: Puerto Rico Olympic Committee Puerto Rico Olympic Committee The Puerto Rico Olympic Committee (COPUR, ) is the National Olympic Committee for Puerto Rico. It oversees Olympic-sports in Puerto Rico, and selects the Olympic team which represents the island. It was founded in 1948 by Julio Enrique Monagas. COPUR operates the "Casa Olímpica", its headquarters in Old San Juan. Teams representing Puerto Rico have participated in every Summer Olympics since 1948, including the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, Russia—despite the US-led boycott of those Games. They have also participated at the 1984–2002 and 2018 Winter Olympics. In 2012, Sara Rosario became the first woman to

neg: 1980 Summer Olympics boycott 24 May deadline. Killanin insisted that the Games should continue as scheduled, while President Carter reaffirmed the US position. viz. to boycott the Games unless the USSR withdrew from Afghanistan. Several interventions at the late April 1980 Bilderberg meeting in Aachen included discussion of the implications of the boycott. The world would perceive a boycott, it was argued, as little more than a sentimental protest, not a strategic act. An African representative at the Bilderberg meeting voiced a different view: whether there was additional support outside the US or not, he believed, a boycott would be an effective symbolic protest

neg: Concerns and controversies at the 2014 Winter Olympics There were also calls to boycott the Games, drawing comparisons to the Summer Olympics of 1980 in Moscow. However, a writer for the "Financial Times" felt that such a boycott would be counter-productive, given that there was no boycott of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing despite China's poor human rights record, but suggested that action by Olympic sponsors would be more effective. At January, 2014 Russian leader of the Left Front movement Vladislav Ryazantsev together with like-minded persons opened out an informative campaign against Olympic Games in Sochi. In the social network of VK.com appeared the group «Boycott of

neg: Joseph Edward Prince Prince was diagnosed with testicular cancer. While still in treatment, he set 400- and 1600-meter relay records with Athletes in Action, a branch of Campus Crusade for Christ, trained with Maxie Parks and competed on the US national team in Czechoslovakia in 1978 in preparation for the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, but was unable to go to the Olympics because of the US boycott. Prince later became a bank teller and then in the mid-1990s to present day, a special education teacher and coach of track and cross country at Sahuarita High School near Tucson, Arizona. He published his

neg: Equestrian at the 1984 Summer Olympics Equestrian at the 1984 Summer Olympics The equestrian events at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics included show jumping, dressage and eventing. All three disciplines had both individual and team competitions. In retaliation to the US-lead 1980 Olympics boycott, the USSR went on to boycott the 1984 Summer Olympics. The equestrian sports were held primarily at Santa Anita Racetrack, which offered stabling for up to 2100 horses, a grandstand with almost 16000 seats, and was managed by experienced horsemen. However, this was the first time the individual jumping competition was not held in the Olympic Stadium immediately prior to the closing

neg: Equestrian at the 1984 Summer Olympics Islands, and Yugoslavia) competed. Equestrian at the 1984 Summer Olympics The equestrian events at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics included show jumping, dressage and eventing. All three disciplines had both individual and team competitions. In retaliation to the US-lead 1980 Olympics boycott, the USSR went on to boycott the 1984 Summer Olympics. The equestrian sports were held primarily at Santa Anita Racetrack, which offered stabling for up to 2100 horses, a grandstand with almost 16000 seats, and was managed by experienced horsemen. However, this was the first time the individual jumping competition was not held in the Olympic Stadium immediately

neg: Japan at the 2012 Summer Olympics Japan at the 2012 Summer Olympics Japan, represented by Japanese Olympic Committee, competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, from 27 July to 12 August 2012. Despite being London's third Olympic games, Japan marked their London debut at this games. The nation also celebrated its centennial anniversary in the Olympics, having participated at every games since 1912 except for two editions; it was not invited to the 1948 Summer Olympics in London for its instigation of World War II, and was also part of the US-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. Japan sent a total of

neg: Thailand at the 2016 Summer Olympics Thailand at the 2016 Summer Olympics Thailand competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 5 to 21 August 2016. Since the nation's official debut in 1952, Thai athletes had appeared in every edition of the Summer Olympic Games, with the exception of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, because of its partial support of the US-led boycott. The National Olympic Committee of Thailand fielded a team of 54 athletes, 26 men and 28 women, to compete in fifteen sports at the Games. It was the nation's largest ever delegation sent to the Olympics, sharing the

neg: Paraguay at the 2016 Summer Olympics Paraguay at the 2016 Summer Olympics Paraguay competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 5 to 21 August 2016. Since the nation's official debut in 1968, Paraguayan athletes had appeared in every edition of the Summer Olympic Games, but did not attend the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow because of the nation's partial support for the US-led boycott. Paraguay Olympic Committee () confirmed a team of 11 athletes, six men and five women, to compete in seven sports at the Games. It was the nation's largest delegation sent to the Olympics without the men's football

neg: Tunisia at the 2016 Summer Olympics Tunisia at the 2016 Summer Olympics Tunisia competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 5 to 21 August 2016. Since the nation's official debut in 1960, Tunisian athletes have appeared in every edition of the Summer Olympic Games, except the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow because of the nation's partial support for the US-led boycott. The Tunisian Olympic Committee () fielded a team of 61 athletes, 40 men and 21 women, to compete in 17 sports at the Games. It was the nation's second-largest delegation sent to the Olympics, relatively smaller by 22 athletes than

neg: Japan at the 2004 Summer Olympics Japan at the 2004 Summer Olympics Japan competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece, from 13 to 29 August 2004. Japanese athletes have competed at every Summer Olympic Games in the modern era since 1912 except for two editions; it was not invited to the 1948 Summer Olympics in London for its instigation of World War II, and was also part of the US-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. The Japanese Olympic Committee sent a total of 306 athletes, 139 men and 167 women, to compete in 27 sports. For the first time in its

neg: Malawi at the 2000 Summer Olympics West Germany and the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia. The only occasions in that period which they did not attend was at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal and the 1980 Summer Olympics in the Soviet Union, the former because of a boycott relating to the New Zealand national rugby union team touring South Africa, and the latter because the country joined the United States-led boycott over the 1979 invasion of Afghanistan during the Soviet–Afghan War. The highest number of athletes sent by Malawi to a summer games is 16 to the 1972 Games and the 1988 Olympics in

neg: Chile at the 2020 Summer Olympics Chile at the 2020 Summer Olympics Chile is scheduled to compete at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo from 24 July to 9 August 2020. Since the nation's debut in 1896, Chilean athletes have appeared in every Summer Olympic Games of the modern era, except for two different occasions. Chile did not attend the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles at the period of the worldwide Great Depression and was also part of the US-led boycott, when Moscow hosted the 1980 Summer Olympics. Chilean shooters achieved quota places for the following events by virtue of their best finishes at the

neg: Chile at the 2016 Summer Olympics Chile at the 2016 Summer Olympics Chile competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 5 to 21 August 2016. Since the nation's debut in 1896, Chilean athletes have appeared in every Summer Olympic Games of the modern era, except for two different occasions. Chile did not attend the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles at the period of the worldwide Great Depression and was also part of the US-led boycott, when Moscow hosted the 1980 Summer Olympics. The Chilean Olympic Committee () fielded a team of 42 athletes, 25 men and 17 women, to compete

neg: Great Britain at the 1980 Summer Olympics Great Britain at the 1980 Summer Olympics Great Britain, represented by the British Olympic Association (BOA), competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, USSR. British athletes have competed in every Summer Olympic Games. 219 competitors, 149 men and 70 women, took part in 145 events in 14 sports. In partial support of the American-led boycott, the UK government allowed its athletes to choose whether to compete, and only a few athletes chose to stay away. There was a token boycott of the opening ceremony, the Olympic flag was raised for the British medal winners and the Olympic anthem played

neg: Great Britain at the 1980 Summer Olympics 400 m Individual Medley Women's 4 × 100 m Freestyle Relay Women's 4 × 100 m Medley Relay Great Britain at the 1980 Summer Olympics Great Britain, represented by the British Olympic Association (BOA), competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, USSR. British athletes have competed in every Summer Olympic Games. 219 competitors, 149 men and 70 women, took part in 145 events in 14 sports. In partial support of the American-led boycott, the UK government allowed its athletes to choose whether to compete, and only a few athletes chose to stay away. There was a token boycott of

neg: Australia at the 1980 Summer Olympics Breaststroke Women's 200m Butterfly Women's 100m Backstroke Women's 200m Backstroke Women's 400m Individual Medley Women's 4 × 100 m Freestyle Relay Women's 4 × 100 m Medley Relay Norman May's call of the Men's 4 × 100 m Medley Relay, in which he excitedly exclaimed ""Four, Three, Two, One. Gold, Gold to Australia, Gold"", has become one of the most famous calls in the history of Australian sport. Australia at the 1980 Summer Olympics Australia competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, USSR. In partial support of the American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics, athletes were encouraged to

neg: Ernest T. Cragg cluster, the Legion of Merit with two oak leaf clusters, the Distinguished Flying Cross, the Air Medal with 13 oak leaf clusters, the Air Force Commendation Medal, the Army Commendation Medal, the Air Force Outstanding Unit Award, and the Belgian Fourragère. Upon retiring from the military, he became general director of RTB-Olympic Travel Limited in New York City. This company was chartered to provide the logistical planning and management for all US travel to the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. The US boycott of those games effectively ended operations for that company. After the Olympics, RTB-Olympic Travel was reorganized in

neg: Liberty Bell Classic participated in the event, many of which had taken part in the American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics, including: Liberty Bell Classic The Liberty Bell Classic was a 1980 track and field athletics event organized by The Athletics Congress as part of the 1980 Olympic boycott and held at Franklin Field in Philadelphia on July 16 and 17, 1980. It was named after Philadelphia's Liberty Bell. The U.S. Congress voted $10 million to fund alternative tournaments in several Olympic sports, to which athletes from boycotting countries would be invited. Besides the Liberty Bell Classic, the U.S. Gymnastics Federation held

neg: Thailand at the 2016 Summer Olympics places to individual athletes by June 20, 2016. The full weightlifting team, headlined by London 2012 silver medalist Pimsiri Sirikaew, was named to the Thai roster on July 18, 2016. Thailand at the 2016 Summer Olympics Thailand competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 5 to 21 August 2016. Since the nation's official debut in 1952, Thai athletes had appeared in every edition of the Summer Olympic Games, with the exception of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, because of its partial support of the US-led boycott. The National Olympic Committee of Thailand fielded a

neg: Tunisia at the 2016 Summer Olympics semifinal triumphs at the 2016 African & Oceania Qualification Tournament. Tunisia at the 2016 Summer Olympics Tunisia competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 5 to 21 August 2016. Since the nation's official debut in 1960, Tunisian athletes have appeared in every edition of the Summer Olympic Games, except the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow because of the nation's partial support for the US-led boycott. The Tunisian Olympic Committee () fielded a team of 61 athletes, 40 men and 21 women, to compete in 17 sports at the Games. It was the nation's second-largest delegation

neg: Bermuda at the 2016 Summer Olympics based on the ITU Olympic Qualification List as of May 15, 2016. Bermuda at the 2016 Summer Olympics Bermuda competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 5 to 21 August 2016. Since the nation's official debut in 1936, Bermudian athletes have appeared in every edition of the Summer Olympic Games, but did not attend the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow because of the nation's partial support for the US-led boycott. The Bermuda Olympic Association sent a total of eight athletes, four per gender, to compete in five different sports at the Games, matching its roster

neg: Philippines at the 2016 Summer Olympics stage, finishing in seventh position. Philippines at the 2016 Summer Olympics The Philippines competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 5 to 21 August 2016. Since the nation's official debut in 1924, Filipino athletes had appeared in every edition of the Summer Olympic Games, but did not attend the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow because of the nation's partial support for the US-led boycott. The Philippine Olympic Committee fielded a team of 13 athletes, seven men and six women, to compete in eight different sports at the Games. Although its full roster was roughly larger

neg: Philippines at the 2016 Summer Olympics Philippines at the 2016 Summer Olympics The Philippines competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 5 to 21 August 2016. Since the nation's official debut in 1924, Filipino athletes had appeared in every edition of the Summer Olympic Games, but did not attend the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow because of the nation's partial support for the US-led boycott. The Philippine Olympic Committee fielded a team of 13 athletes, seven men and six women, to compete in eight different sports at the Games. Although its full roster was roughly larger by two athletes than in

neg: Bermuda at the 2016 Summer Olympics Bermuda at the 2016 Summer Olympics Bermuda competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 5 to 21 August 2016. Since the nation's official debut in 1936, Bermudian athletes have appeared in every edition of the Summer Olympic Games, but did not attend the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow because of the nation's partial support for the US-led boycott. The Bermuda Olympic Association sent a total of eight athletes, four per gender, to compete in five different sports at the Games, matching its roster size with London 2012. Two of them returned for their third Olympic

neg: Eitan Friedlander Friedlander and Brokman were set to compete in the 470 sailing event at the 1980 Moscow Olympics, but did not because Israel joined in the US-led boycott of the Olympics prompted by the Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan. Friedlander competed for Israel at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California, at the age of 26 in Sailing. In the Men's 470 Mixed Two Person Dinghy, he and Brokman came in 8th out of 28 teams. When he competed in the Olympics he was 6-1.5 (187 cm) tall and weighed 161 lbs (73 kg). Eitan Friedlander Eitan Friedlander (also "Fridlander";

neg: Puerto Rico Olympic Committee serve as President of the COPUR. Past presidents include the island's first Puerto Rican Governor, Jesús T. Piñero. Puerto Rico Olympic Committee The Puerto Rico Olympic Committee (COPUR, ) is the National Olympic Committee for Puerto Rico. It oversees Olympic-sports in Puerto Rico, and selects the Olympic team which represents the island. It was founded in 1948 by Julio Enrique Monagas. COPUR operates the "Casa Olímpica", its headquarters in Old San Juan. Teams representing Puerto Rico have participated in every Summer Olympics since 1948, including the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, Russia—despite the US-led boycott of those Games. They have

neg: Volleyball at the Summer Olympics In 1976, the introduction of a new offensive skill, the back row attack, helped Poland win the competition over the Soviets in a very tight five-setter. In 1980, many of the strongest teams in men's volleyball belonged to the Eastern Bloc, so the American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics did not have as great an effect on these events as it had on the women's. The Soviet Union collected their third Olympic gold medal with a 3–1 victory over Bulgaria. With a Soviet-led boycott in 1984, the United States confirmed their new volleyball leadership in the Western World by

neg: Canada at the 1984 Summer Olympics Canada at the 1984 Summer Olympics Canada competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, United States. Canada returned to the Summer Games after having participated in the American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics. 408 competitors, 257 men and 151 women, took part in 193 events in 23 sports. Primarily due to the Soviet Union-led boycott of these Games, Canada enjoyed its best-ever results at the Summer Games, coming in sixth place in the number of Gold medals won, and fourth place in the total medals won - double their second best total in 1996 and 2016. Women's

neg: Andrew McDonald (water polo) which won the gold medal in San Juan, Puerto Rico. In 1983, he won the title with the US team in Caracas, Venezuela. He was also a member of the 1980 US Water Polo National team that did not participate in the 1980 Olympics due to Jimmy Carter's decision to boycott the games. At Stanford he met his first wife Kim Peyton McDonald, an Olympic gold medalist from the 1976 Montreal Summer Olympics in the 4 × 100 m freestyle relay. He is now married to Carol Shurtz McDonald, a Chico State graduate. They have two children: Spenser and Devon

neg: Franklin Field and Field Classic, an alternate to the 1980 Summer Olympics for 26 countries participating in the American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics which were held in Moscow. The Liberty Bell Classic began on July 16, 1980. It was the largest international track meet held in the U.S. since the 1932 Summer Olympics in terms of the number of foreign competitors. Franklin Field hosted the track and field events where 20,111 spectators saw the final evening of competitions. In several events, the times were better than those in Moscow, such as American Renaldo Nehemiah's time of 13.31 in the 110m

neg: 1980 Summer Olympics boycott nations representing western Europe at the Games. All these countries participated under a neutral flag with the Olympic anthem played in any ceremony. Italian athletes serving in its military corps could not attend the Games, however, because of the national government's official support of the boycott. Many events were affected by the loss of participants and some US-born athletes who were citizens of other countries, such as Italy and Australia, did compete in Moscow. A firm enemy of the United States under Ayatollah Khomeini's new theocracy, Iran also boycotted the Moscow Games after Khomeini joined the condemnation by the United

neg: 1980 United States presidential election and chanted anti-American slogans, paraded the captured American hostages in public, and burned Carter in effigy. Carter's critics saw him as an inept leader who had failed to solve the worsening economic problems at home. His supporters defended the president as a decent, well-intentioned man being unfairly criticized for problems that had been escalating for years. Another event that polarized the electorate was the U.S.-led 1980 Summer Olympics boycott. Shortly following the Soviet Union's December 1979 invasion of Afghanistan, Carter demanded that the USSR withdraw from Afghanistan or the U.S. would boycott the 1980 Summer Olympics, set to be staged

neg: Thailand at the Olympics more Olympic medals for Thailand. Thailand at the Olympics Thailand first participated at the Olympic Games in 1952, and has sent athletes to compete in every Summer Olympic Games since then, except when they participated in the US-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics. Thailand has also participated in the Winter Olympic Games since 2002. Thailand won its first medal at the 1976 Games in Montreal, when boxer Payao Poontarat took home a bronze in the Men's Light Flyweight category. Thailand's first gold medal would also come in boxing at the 1996 Games in Atlanta, when Somluck Kamsing won the

neg: Thailand at the Olympics Thailand at the Olympics Thailand first participated at the Olympic Games in 1952, and has sent athletes to compete in every Summer Olympic Games since then, except when they participated in the US-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics. Thailand has also participated in the Winter Olympic Games since 2002. Thailand won its first medal at the 1976 Games in Montreal, when boxer Payao Poontarat took home a bronze in the Men's Light Flyweight category. Thailand's first gold medal would also come in boxing at the 1996 Games in Atlanta, when Somluck Kamsing won the Men's Featherweight category. Since then,

neg: 1980 Summer Olympics boycott that the American attitude that the allies "should simply do as they are told" was unacceptable, although West Germany did join the boycott. Boxer Muhammad Ali was dispatched by the US administration to Tanzania, Nigeria, and Senegal to convince their leaders to join the boycott. He also successfully convinced the Kenyan government to do that. Many countries ultimately joined the US in a full boycott of the Games. These included Japan and West Germany where Chancellor Schmidt was able to convince the National Olympic Committee (NOC) to support the boycott. China, the Philippines, Chile, Argentina and Canada also boycotted the

neg: Basketball at the 1980 Summer Olympics Basketball at the 1980 Summer Olympics Basketball at the 1980 Summer Olympics was held from July 20 to July 30 at the Olympiiski Indoor Stadium and at the CSKA Sports Palace, both located in Moscow. Finals of both men's and women's events were held 30 July at the Olympiiski Indoor Stadium. Due to the American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics, the United States and other nations withdrew from the tournament. The 1980 Olympics marked the second time that the United States men's team did not win the gold medal in Olympic basketball; Yugoslavia won gold in the men's tournament

neg: Portugal at the 1980 Summer Olympics Portugal at the 1980 Summer Olympics Portugal competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, USSR. Despite the United States-led international boycott to these Games, which was reflected in Portugal as the governmental non-funding of the Olympic mission, the Portuguese Olympic Committee's autonomy was respected and thus it was able to collect public financial support to send a delegation of eleven competitors. These participated in six sports, with a debut in boxing, however no medals were won. The nation marched under the defaced Olympic Flag for the Opening and Closing Ceremonies. Men's 1,500 metres Men's 3,000 metres Steeplechase Men's Marathon

neg: Portugal at the 1980 Summer Olympics Men's Light Flyweight (–48 kg): Women's Team All-Round Competition: Men's –60 kg: Men's Half Lightweight (–65 kg): Men's Half Middleweight (–70 kg): Men's 100m Backstroke: Men's 200m Backstroke: Men's 100m Butterfly: Men's 100m Freestyle: Men's 200m Freestyle: Men's 400m Freestyle: Men's Flyweight (–52 kg): Portugal at the 1980 Summer Olympics Portugal competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, USSR. Despite the United States-led international boycott to these Games, which was reflected in Portugal as the governmental non-funding of the Olympic mission, the Portuguese Olympic Committee's autonomy was respected and thus it was able to collect public financial support to

neg: Paul Cummings a steel mill, Cummings was one of many athletes disappointed by the U.S.'s boycott of the 1980 Moscow Summer Games. Due to work demands and disappointment at the 1980 boycott, Cummings came close to retiring altogether from running. When he was laid off from the mill in late 1980, he began running full-time. In 1984, Cummings won the US Olympic Trials in the 10,000 Meter run in Los Angeles, CA and finally became a member of the US Olympic Team. He was able to compete in the 10,000 meter run at the Olympics held in Los Angeles, but did not

neg: Carol Brown (rower) Carol Brown (rower) Carol Page Brown (born April 19, 1953) is an American rower who competed in the 1976 Summer Olympics. She was also a member of the 1980 Olympic team women's eight that did not compete in the Moscow Olympic Games due to the US-led boycott. She was a member of the 1984 Olympic team in Los Angeles. Her first US National Team was the 1974 World Championships where she and Princeton teammate Janet Youngholm raced to a fifth-place finish; the first US women's boat to reach a world championship finals. They qualified for the US Team by being

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Football at the 1980 Summer Olympics – Men's qualification Football at the 1980 Summer Olympics – Men's qualification This article is about men's qualification for the 1980 Summer Olympics football tournament. Due to the American-led political boycott, some countries (in brackets) who qualified did not enter the final tournament. Spain, who also boycotted, sent a team under IOC flag.

 The European Qualifiers for the 1980 Summer Olympics tournament took place over a total of two rounds between 28 March 1979 and 23 April 1980. After the second round, Czechoslovakia, Norway, Spain and Yugoslavia gained qualification to the Olympic tournament. However, Norway was replaced by Finland. The

neg: Marcia Frederick Marcia Frederick Marcia Frederick (born January 4, 1963) is a retired American gymnast who became the first American woman to win a gold medal at the World Gymnastics Championships. She won gold in the uneven parallel bars in Strasbourg, France in 1978. After having qualified for the 1980 Olympic team, she was the favorite for a medal in Moscow but missed due to a boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics led by the United States. She instead won vault gold at a meet in Hartford, Connecticut, that served as an alternate Olympics for countries affected by the boycott. Years later,

neg: Belgium at the 1980 Summer Olympics Pole Vault <br> Women's 200 metres Women's 400 metres Women's 800 metres Men's 4×400 metres Relay Women's High Jump Twelve cyclists represented Belgium in 1980. Three fencers, two men and one woman, represented Belgium in 1980. Women's 800m Freestyle Women's 100m Backstroke Women's 200m Backstroke Women's 100m Breaststroke Women's 400 m Individual Medley Women's 4 × 100 m Medley Relay Belgium at the 1980 Summer Olympics Belgium competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, USSR. In partial support of the American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics, Belgium competed under the Olympic Flag instead of its national flag. 59

neg: Waldemar Cierpinski Netherlands narrowed the gap in the last kilometre, Cierpinski sprinted the last 200 m to win his second consecutive Olympic gold medal and duplicate the feat of legendary Ethiopian Abebe Bikila of winning two straight Olympic marathons. Cierpinski finished third in the marathon in the 1983 World Championships in Athletics. He was denied a chance of an unprecedented third Olympic marathon win by the Eastern Bloc boycott of the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, which was Tit for tat for the United States-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. In "Track & Field News" World Rankings, Cierpinski

neg: Football at the 1980 Summer Olympics – Men's team squads Football at the 1980 Summer Olympics – Men's team squads These are the squads for the countries that competed in Football at the 1980 Summer Olympics. Head coach: Mahieddine Khalef Head coach: Eduardo Retat Head coach: Antonio Moyano Head coach: Tibor Ivanics Due to the boycott of the Olympics, Cuba took part in place of the USA. Head coach: František Havránek Head coach: Rudolf Krause Head coach: Jukka Vakkila Due to the boycott of the Olympics, Finland took part in place of Norway. Head coach: Anwar Jassam Due to the boycott of the Olympics, Iraq took part in place of

neg: Football at the 1980 Summer Olympics – Men's team squads Malaysia. Head coach: Carlos Alberto Parreira Head coach: Otto Glória Due to the boycott of the Olympics, Nigeria took part in place of Ghana. Head coach: José Santamaría Head coach: Yousef Chadli Due to the boycott of the Olympics, Syria took part in place of Iran. Head coach: Manuel Plasencia Due to the boycott of the Olympics, Venezuela took part in place of Argentina. Head coach: Konstantin Beskov Head coach: Ivan Toplak Head coach: Dick Chama Due to the boycott of the Olympics, Zambia took part in place of Egypt. Football at the 1980 Summer Olympics – Men's team squads

neg: Harvey Lisberg (1974), "Octoberon" (1976), "Gone to Earth" (1977), and their only UK Top 50 hit single in March 1977. In 1979, Lisberg approached David Hemmings who was raising funds for a film featuring Joan Collins and starring Farrah Fawcett, and put forward Graham Gouldman to write and record the title song, Sunburn, which became a minor hit single for him in the UK Intrigued by the concept and his similar name, Lisberg approached Steven Lisberger for Gouldman to write and record the soundtrack for his animated film Animalympics, but commercial success was impeded by the US led 1980 Summer Olympics boycott.

neg: Carol Brown (rower) Association (USOPA), the USOC athlete alumni organization. Carol Brown (rower) Carol Page Brown (born April 19, 1953) is an American rower who competed in the 1976 Summer Olympics. She was also a member of the 1980 Olympic team women's eight that did not compete in the Moscow Olympic Games due to the US-led boycott. She was a member of the 1984 Olympic team in Los Angeles. Her first US National Team was the 1974 World Championships where she and Princeton teammate Janet Youngholm raced to a fifth-place finish; the first US women's boat to reach a world championship finals. They

neg: Netherlands at the 1980 Summer Olympics 100 m Backstroke Women's 200 m Backstroke Women's 4 × 100 m Freestyle Relay Netherlands at the 1980 Summer Olympics The Netherlands competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, USSR. In partial support of the American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics in protest over the Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan, the Dutch athletes boycotted the Opening Ceremony, and the Olympic Flag was used in place of Netherlands' national flag at medal ceremonies. 75 competitors, 57 men and 18 women, took part in 56 events in 10 sports. The first appearance by Dutch archers in the Olympics resulted in

neg: Netherlands at the 1980 Summer Olympics Netherlands at the 1980 Summer Olympics The Netherlands competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, USSR. In partial support of the American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics in protest over the Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan, the Dutch athletes boycotted the Opening Ceremony, and the Olympic Flag was used in place of Netherlands' national flag at medal ceremonies. 75 competitors, 57 men and 18 women, took part in 56 events in 10 sports. The first appearance by Dutch archers in the Olympics resulted in top eight finishes for both competitors. Women's Individual Competition: Men's Individual Competition: Men's 100

neg: Ireland at the 1980 Summer Olympics Ireland at the 1980 Summer Olympics Ireland competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, USSR. 47 competitors, 44 men and 3 women, took part in 38 events in 11 sports. In partial support of the American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics, Ireland competed under the Olympic Flag instead of its national flag. In Ireland's second appearance in archery competition at the Olympics, the nation was represented by two men and one woman. The men included Ireland's only veteran from 1976, James Conroy. It was Hazel Greene, however, who posted the nation's best results. Women's Individual Competition: Men's Individual

neg: Swaziland at the 2012 Summer Olympics the closing ceremony. All three competitors did not advance further than the heat stages of their respective events. Swaziland participated in nine Summer Olympic Games between its début at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, Germany and the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, England, with the exception of the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal and the 1980 Summer Olympics in the Soviet Union, the former because of a boycott relating to the New Zealand national rugby union team touring South Africa, and the latter because the country joined the United States-led boycott over the 1979 invasion of Afghanistan during the

neg: Egypt at the 1984 Summer Olympics Backstroke Men's 200m Backstroke Men's 100m Breaststroke Men's 200m Breaststroke Men's 100m Butterfly Men's 200m Butterfly Men's 200m Individual Medley Men's 4 × 100 m Freestyle Relay Men's 4 × 100 m Medley Relay Women's 100m Freestyle Women's 200m Freestyle Women's 200m Butterfly Women's Solo Women's Duet Egypt at the 1984 Summer Olympics Egypt competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, United States. The nation returned to the Summer Games after participating in the African boycott of the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal and the American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. 114 competitors, 108 men

neg: Egypt at the 1984 Summer Olympics Egypt at the 1984 Summer Olympics Egypt competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, United States. The nation returned to the Summer Games after participating in the African boycott of the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal and the American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. 114 competitors, 108 men and 6 women, took part in 74 events in 15 sports. Men's 400 metres Men's Shot Put Men's Bantamweight (54 kg) Men's 3m Springboard Six fencers, all men, represented Egypt in 1984. Three male pentathletes represented Egypt in 1984. Men's 100m Freestyle Men's 200m Freestyle Men's 100m

neg: Switzerland at the 1980 Summer Olympics Hurdles Men's Long Jump Men's High Jump Men's Pole Vault Men's Shot Put Men's Decathlon Women's 100 metres Women's 1,500 metres Women's 100 m Hurdles Ten cyclists represented Switzerland in 1980. Robert Dill-Bundi won gold in the individual pursuit. Men's 100m Freestyle Switzerland at the 1980 Summer Olympics Switzerland competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, USSR. In partial support of the American-led 1980 Summer Olympics boycott, Switzerland competed under the Olympic Flag instead of its national flag. 73 competitors, 67 men and 6 women, took part in 45 events in 10 sports. After not competing in the 1976

neg: Switzerland at the 1980 Summer Olympics Switzerland at the 1980 Summer Olympics Switzerland competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, USSR. In partial support of the American-led 1980 Summer Olympics boycott, Switzerland competed under the Olympic Flag instead of its national flag. 73 competitors, 67 men and 6 women, took part in 45 events in 10 sports. After not competing in the 1976 archery competition, Switzerland returned in 1980 with four competitors. Lotti Tschanz earned the nation's first top eight finish. Women's Individual Competition: Men's Individual Competition: Men's 1,500 metres Men's 5,000 metres Men's 10,000 metres Men's Marathon Men's 4×400 metres Relay Men's 400 m

neg: Denmark at the 1980 Summer Olympics Denmark at the 1980 Summer Olympics Denmark competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, USSR. In partial support of the American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics, Denmark competed under the Olympic Flag instead of its national flag. 58 competitors, 55 men and 3 women, took part in 30 events in 13 sports. Men's 400 metres Men's Marathon Men's Lightweight (– 60 kg) Men's Welterweight (– 67 kg) Men's Light Heavyweight (– 81 kg) Men's Canadian Singles, 1,000 metres Eleven cyclists represented Denmark in 1980. Men's Platform Men's coxless pairs Men's quadruple sculls Women's single sculls Mixed One Person

neg: Spain at the 1980 Summer Olympics Jump Men's Long Jump Men's Triple Jump Men's Marathon Men's 20 km Walk Men's 50 km Walk Men's Springboard Four fencers, all men, represented Spain in 1980. Three male pentathletes represented Spain in 1980. Men's Individual Competition: Men's Team Competition: Men's 100m Freestyle Men's 200m Freestyle Men's 1.500m Freestyle Men's 100m Butterfly <br> Women's 4 × 100 m Freestyle Spain at the 1980 Summer Olympics Spain competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, USSR. In partial support of the American-led Olympics boycott, Spain competed under the Olympic Flag instead of its national flag. 155 competitors, 146 men and 9

neg: Spain at the 1980 Summer Olympics Spain at the 1980 Summer Olympics Spain competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, USSR. In partial support of the American-led Olympics boycott, Spain competed under the Olympic Flag instead of its national flag. 155 competitors, 146 men and 9 women, took part in 75 events in 18 sports. After not competing in archery in 1976, Spain returned to the sport in 1980. Two Spanish men competed. Men's Individual Competition: Men's 800 metres Men's 1,500 metres Men's 10,000 metres Men's 4 × 400 metres Relay Men's 110 m Hurdles Men's 400 m Hurdles Men's 3,000 m Steeplechase Men's High

neg: 1983 World Championships in Athletics medal than the East Germans and had six golds, although almost half of their podium finishers were bronze medalists. Twenty-five nations reached the medal tally at the inaugural competition, with all six continents being represented. During the early 1980s this was the top venue in which Soviet Bloc athletes competed against American athletes due to the American-led boycott of the 1980 Olympics in Moscow and the retaliatory Soviet Bloc boycott of the 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles. Carl Lewis won both the 100 metres and the long jump, and finished the competition by anchoring the 4×100 metres relay team to

neg: Hassan Sani 1980 Olympics in Moscow after defeating South Korea in 1980 Asian Olympic Qualifying Tournaments. Unfortunately, Malaysia did not go as it joined the US-led boycott towards Soviet Union for its role in supporting the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan against the Islamic Unity of Afghanistan Mujahideen. In 1996, Hassan join Malaysia national beach soccer team and played in the 1999 Beach Soccer World Championship as well. In 2015, he together with Wong was appointed as one of the members for the management team of Sabah FA. Hassan Sani Hassan Sani (born 31 August 1958) was a former Malaysian football player. He

neg: Central African Republic at the 2000 Summer Olympics of the inclusion of the New Zealand team at the 1976 Summer Olympics despite the breach of the international sports boycott of South Africa by the nation's rugby union team shortly prior. Then in 1980, the country was one of several who joined in with a United States led boycott over the 1979 invasion of Afghanistan during the Soviet–Afghan War. The highest number of Central African athletes entered in a team for an Olympics is 15, occurring at both the 1988 and 1992 Summer Olympics. The sole archer for the Central African Republic competing in the 2000 Summer Olympics was

neg: Morocco at the Olympics Morocco at the Olympics Morocco first participated at the Olympic Games in 1960, and has sent athletes to compete in every Summer Olympic Games since then, except when they participated in the American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics. Morocco also boycotted the 1976 Games, withdrawing after having initially sent a delegation. In doing so, Morocco joined the boycott of the Games by most African countries, in protest against New Zealand's participation following an All Blacks rugby match, unrelated to the Olympics, against an apartheid team from South Africa. Only one Moroccan representative had time to compete before his country's

neg: Porfirio Armando Betancourt first team All American honours. That season, the Hoosiers went to the quarterfinals of the NCAA tournament. Betancourt joined the Honduran Olympic team for the 1980 Summer Olympics qualification tournament. When Honduras joined the US-led boycott of the games, Betancourt returned to Indiana. For the 1980 collegiate season, Betancourt saw a drop off in his scoring, bagging 17 goals and assisting on 16 others. However, this was good enough to earn him second team All American honours. While Betancourt saw a personal slump, his team made it to the NCAA championship game where it lost to the powerhouse University of

neg: Football at the 1980 Summer Olympics – Men's qualification was replaced by Nigeria and Egypt was replaced by Zambia. The Pre-Olympic tournaments of the Asian Qualifiers for the 1980 Summer Olympic were held from 23 February to 6 April 1980 in Iraq, Malaysia and Singapore. Respectively from these countries, Kuwait, Malaysia and Iran qualify. However, Malaysia was replaced by Iraq and Iran was replaced by Syria. Football at the 1980 Summer Olympics – Men's qualification This article is about men's qualification for the 1980 Summer Olympics football tournament. Due to the American-led political boycott, some countries (in brackets) who qualified did not enter the final tournament. Spain, who also

neg: Malaysia national football team went on to qualify twice in a row for the AFC Asian Cup, in 1976 and 1980. It was only in 1977; when the FAM sent a talent scout to the East. The list continued by the late James Yaakub of Sarawak in 1977. The team also won the Merdeka Tournament three times, became runner-up four times and achieved third place twice during the 1970s. Malaysia qualified again for the 1980 Olympics in Moscow, but joined the US-led boycott of the games as the Malaysian government made a decision to protest the Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan. Malaysia participated the

neg: Cold War (1979–1985) The Soviet Union's boycott of the 1984 Summer Olympics was also a direct response to the United States' boycott to the 1980 Summer Olympics, which the Soviet Union hosted in Moscow. The United States and other countries were boycotting the Soviet Union because of the Afghanistan invasion. But Chernenko continued Soviet intervention in Afghanistan even after the United States' 1980 Summer Olympics boycott. Chernenko's Soviet Union and Reagan's United States still had disagreements, so the Cold War could not end before Chernenko died. Dozens of the board wargames were published covering both historical and hypothetical conflicts at scales ranging from

neg: Athletics at the 1980 Summer Olympics – Men's 400 metres Athletics at the 1980 Summer Olympics – Men's 400 metres These are the official results of the Men's 400 metres event at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. The competition was held from July 27, 1980 and on July 30, 1980. The Olympic Men's 400m Final was held at the Lenin Stadium, Moscow on 30 July 1980. Following the American-led boycott, the favourite was reigning Olympic champion Cuba's Alberto Juantorena. Alberto, though, suffered an Achilles tendon injury in 1979; consequently his performances suffered. As a result, general unknown Viktor Markin, won gold for the Soviet hosts. <br> The quarter finals

neg: France at the 1980 Summer Olympics 54 kg) Men's Featherweight (– 57 kg) Nine cyclists represented France in 1980. Alain Bondue won a silver medal in the individual pursuit. 16 fencers, 11 men and 5 women, represented France in 1980. Three male pentathletes represented France in 1980. Men's Individual Competition: Men's Team Competition: Men's 100m Freestyle Men's 200m Freestyle Men's 100m Butterfly Men's 4 × 200 m Freestyle Relay Men's 4 × 100 m Medley Relay <br> Women's 100m Freestyle Women's 100m Breaststroke France at the 1980 Summer Olympics France competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, USSR. In partial support of the American-led boycott

neg: Belgium at the 1980 Summer Olympics Belgium at the 1980 Summer Olympics Belgium competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, USSR. In partial support of the American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics, Belgium competed under the Olympic Flag instead of its national flag. 59 competitors, 43 men and 16 women, took part in 51 events in 10 sports. In Belgium's third appearance in the modern archery competition, the nation was represented by two men, including 1972 and 1976 Olympic veteran Robert Cogniaux. Men's Individual Competition: Men's 400 metres Men's 5,000 metres Men's 10,000 metres Men's Marathon Men's 4×400 metres Relay Men's High Jump Men's

neg: Italy at the 1980 Summer Olympics 100m Breaststroke Women's 4 × 100 m Medley Relay Italy at the 1980 Summer Olympics Italy competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, USSR. In partial support of the American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics, Italy competed under the Olympic Flag instead of its national flag. 159 competitors, 121 men and 38 women, took part in 88 events in 19 sports. For the first time, Italy entered a woman in the Olympic archery competition. She placed a respectable tenth place. Giancarlo Ferrari repeated his bronze medal-winning performance of four years earlier. Women's Individual Competition: Men's Individual Competition: Men's

neg: Italy at the 1980 Summer Olympics Italy at the 1980 Summer Olympics Italy competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, USSR. In partial support of the American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics, Italy competed under the Olympic Flag instead of its national flag. 159 competitors, 121 men and 38 women, took part in 88 events in 19 sports. For the first time, Italy entered a woman in the Olympic archery competition. She placed a respectable tenth place. Giancarlo Ferrari repeated his bronze medal-winning performance of four years earlier. Women's Individual Competition: Men's Individual Competition: Men's 100 metres Men's 800 metres Men's 1,500 metres Men's

neg: Denmark at the 1980 Summer Olympics Dinghy Mixed Two Person Keelboat Mixed Multihull Mixed Three Person Keelboat Mixed Two Person Heavyweight Dinghy Mixed Small-Bore Rifle, Three Positions, 50 metres Mixed Small-Bore Rifle, Prone, 50 metres Mixed Skeet Women's 100m Breaststroke Women's 200m Breaststroke Women's 400m Individual Medley Men's Light Heavyweight Men's Welterweight, Greco-Roman Men's Heavyweight, Greco-Roman Denmark at the 1980 Summer Olympics Denmark competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, USSR. In partial support of the American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics, Denmark competed under the Olympic Flag instead of its national flag. 58 competitors, 55 men and 3 women, took part in 30