query: who led the attack on the british schooner the gaspee

pos: Gaspee Affair Gaspee Affair The "Gaspee" Affair was a significant event in the lead-up to the American Revolution. HMS "Gaspee" was a British customs schooner that had been enforcing the Navigation Acts in and around Newport, Rhode Island, in 1772. It ran aground in shallow water while chasing the packet ship "Hannah" on June 9 near what is now known as Gaspee Point in Warwick, Rhode Island. A group of men led by Abraham Whipple and John Brown attacked, boarded, and torched the ship. The event increased hostilities between the American colonists and British officials, following the Boston Massacre in 1770. British

pos: Gaspee Affair Gaspee Affair The "Gaspee" Affair was a significant event in the lead-up to the American Revolution. HMS "Gaspee" was a British customs schooner that had been enforcing the Navigation Acts in and around Newport, Rhode Island, in 1772. It ran aground in shallow water while chasing the packet ship "Hannah" on June 9 near what is now known as Gaspee Point in Warwick, Rhode Island. A group of men led by Abraham Whipple and John Brown attacked, boarded, and torched the ship. The event increased hostilities between the American colonists and British officials, following the Boston Massacre in 1770. British

pos: Historiography of the Gaspee affair his book "The Counter-Revolution of 1776: Slave Resistance and the Origins of the United States of America". Arguing that the American Revolution was in fact a counter-revolution and that the taxes levied against the colonies were meant as a move concurrent with the development of Anglo abolitionism, the author dedicates five pages to the discussion of the Gaspee attack. New information provided includes the revelation that John Brown's boat, "The Hannah", was newly returned from a voyage to Africa and that the attack had occurred concurrently with a major decision in the British Parliament regarding the abolition of slavery, emphasizing

pos: Abraham Whipple by the British crown, acts of defiance became increasingly prevalent. An early incident occurred on June 9, 1772, when Whipple led 50 Rhode Islanders in the capture and burning of the British revenue cutter "Gaspee". The ship had run aground off Pawtuxet while chasing the packet "Hannah". The burning initiated an exchange of notes between Whipple and Captain James Wallace of HMS "Rose". Wallace wrote, "You Abraham Whipple on June 10, 1772, burned his majesty's vessel the "Gaspee" and I will hang you at the yard arm!" Whipple responded, "Sir, always catch a man before you hang him." Three years

pos: Abraham Whipple ship of the American Revolution, the British schooner "Gaspee", in the "Gaspée" Affair. The first to unfurl the Star Spangled Banner in London, Whipple was also the first to sail an ocean-going ship 2000 miles downriver from Ohio to the Caribbean, which opened trade with the Northwest Territory. Abraham Whipple was born on September 26, 1733, to Noah Whipple, Jr. Abraham Whipple and Sarah Hopkins were married on August 2, 1761. They had three children: John, Catherine, and Mary. Catherine later married Colonel Ebenezer Sproat of the Continental Army. As American colonists began to resist what they considered unfair oppression

pos: USS Providence (1775) several ships which "Rose" had captured. Two days later, the Rhode Island General Assembly ordered the committee of safety to fit out two ships to defend the colony's shipping, and appointed a committee of three to obtain the vessels. That day, the committee chartered the sloop "Katy" from John Brown of Providence and the sloop "Washington" at the same time. The General Assembly appointed Abraham Whipple as commander of "Katy", the larger ship, and made him commodore of the tiny fleet. Whipple had won fame in burning the British armed schooner "Gaspee" in 1772, and he captured a tender to

pos: Joseph Wanton evening, by beat of drum, men were called to the house of James Sabin to organize an attack on the "Gaspee". John Brown provided eight long-boats of five oars each, and shortly after 10 p.m., the party headed towards the "Gaspee", commanded by Captain Abraham Whipple. Well after midnight the party approached the vessel, and when hailed, did not answer the ship's sentinel. This prompted Dudingston himself to hail, again without answer. A second hail by the commander was then answered with profanity by Whipple, who ordered his men to spring to their oars. Shots were fired in both directions,

pos: Gaspee Affair my papers." Admiral Montagu wrote to Governor Wanton on July 8, nearly a month after the burning of the schooner, and utilized the account of Aaron Briggs, an indentured servant claiming to have participated in the June 9 burning. Montagu identified five Rhode Islanders, in varying levels of detail, whom he wanted Governor Wanton to investigate and bring to justice: John Brown, Joseph Brown, Simeon Potter, Dr. Weeks, and Richmond. Governor Wanton responded to this demand by examining the claims made by Aaron Briggs. Samuel Tompkins and Samuel Thurston, the proprietors of the Prudence Island farm where Briggs worked, gave

pos: Historiography of the Gaspee affair 86, two years before his death, Bowen attempted to recall the events of that night 67 years earlier. Confident that everyone else who was involved was dead, he named as many individuals as he could remember. While Mawney's and Bowen's accounts contain a few errors in detail, they are the only detailed eyewitness narratives from the colonial side. They tell us that the men convened at Sabin's Tavern, that John Brown organized a flotilla of eight boats, and that Abraham Whipple identified himself to the "Gaspee" lookouts as the Sheriff of Kent County. From the "Gaspee"s crew and officers there

pos: Gaspee Affair a band of Providence men led by John Brown decided to act on the "opportunity offered of putting an end to the trouble and vexation she daily caused." They rowed out to the ship and boarded her at the break of dawn on June 10. The crew put up a feeble resistance in which Lieutenant Dudingston was shot and wounded, and the Providence men burned the ship to the waterline. Joseph Bucklin was the man who shot Lt. Dudingston; other men who participated included Brown's brother Joseph of Providence, Simeon Potter of Bristol, and Robert Wickes of Warwick. Most of

pos: John Brown (Rhode Island) was active in the slave trade and China trade and invested heavily in privateers during the 1760s through 1780s. Brown was a leader in the Sons of Liberty and was one of the instigators of the burning of the "Gaspee" in 1772. This was one of the first violent acts of defiance to the authority of the British Crown which eventually led up to the American Revolution. In 1775, during the American Revolution, John Brown sold the United States Navy its first ship, the USS "Providence" (previously, the "Katy"). Brown was named as a delegate for Rhode Island to the

neg: Gaspee Point Gaspee Point Gaspee Point is a small peninsula on the west side of the southern reaches of the Providence River in Warwick, Rhode Island. It is bounded on the north by Passeonkquis Cove and on the south by Occupessatuxet Cove. It is reached via Namquid Drive in Warwick. Gaspee Point was the site of one of the first acts of hostility in the American Revolution when the British Royal Navy vessel HMS "Gaspee" was grounded there on June 9, 1772 in what became known as the Gaspee Affair. The "Gaspee" was a revenue schooner locally detested for its enforcement of

neg: Pawtuxet Village shipyards for the coastal and [[West Indies]] trade were located here. It was here in 1772 where Rhode Island patriots took the first organized military action towards independence by attacking and burning the hated British revenue schooner . This was America's "First Blow for Freedom", known as the [[Gaspee Affair]], and led directly to the establishment of permanent Committees of Correspondence, unifying the individual colonies, and starting the process of the [[American Revolution]]. The cities of Cranston and Warwick celebrate this historic role of Pawtuxet Village by hosting the annual Gaspee Days Parade each June. During the early 19th century,

neg: Historiography of the Gaspee affair that the colonists were greatly concerned that the freeing of Africans would result in violent retribution on the part of freed slaves. Horne also dedicates several pages to re-telling the attack from the point of view of Aaron Briggs, and indentured Afro-Indian who later attempted to testify against the attack party so to gain manumission from his servitude. Historiography of the Gaspee affair The historiography of the "Gaspee" affair examines the changing views of scholars with regard to the "Gaspee" affair of 1772. There were 38 newspapers in mainland British America in 1772. At least eleven, mostly in the Northeast,

neg: Stephen Hopkins (politician) which Hopkins dealt during his final tenure as Chief Justice was the Gaspee Affair. In March 1772, Deputy Governor Darius Sessions in Providence sent a letter of concern to Governor Joseph Wanton in Newport, having consulted with Chief Justice Hopkins. Sessions expressed alarm that the British schooner "Gaspee" had been cruising the Narragansett Bay, disrupting the traffic by stopping and searching commercial ships. Sessions wrote: Sessions went on to request that the governor take measures to bring the ship's commander to account. A chain of threatening correspondence ensued between the governor and the commander of the "Gaspee" Lieutenant William Dudingston,

neg: John Cole (judge) the British revenue schooner "Gaspee" that ran aground near Pawtuxet, Rhode Island. He was deeply complicit with Stephen Hopkins and other leading Providence citizens in withholding evidence from the British commission of inquiry that was established to find the instigators of the Gaspee Affair. After a year of collecting testimonies, the court dissolved, having failed to indict a single person. In 1775 Cole became the Advocate General of Rhode Island's Vice Admiralty Court, but died of smallpox just two years later. John Cole was the oldest of seven children born to Elisha Cole and Elizabeth Dexter. His paternal grandmother was

neg: Historiography of the Gaspee affair Historiography of the Gaspee affair The historiography of the "Gaspee" affair examines the changing views of scholars with regard to the "Gaspee" affair of 1772. There were 38 newspapers in mainland British America in 1772. At least eleven, mostly in the Northeast, reported the attack on the "Gaspee" within the first few weeks following the incident. Moreover, the "Gaspee" Commission of Inquiry was the topic of one of the most important pre-independence pamphlets to circulate within the colonies, John Allen’s "An Oration, Upon the Beauties of Liberty, Or the Essential Rights of Americans". Allen, a little-known preacher at the Second

neg: Narragansett Bay in New York Bay. In 1643, Williams traveled to England and was granted a charter for the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. He also wrote a dictionary of the Narragansett language which was published in England that same year. The Gaspee Affair was an important naval event which moved the thirteen colonies toward the American Revolution. It occurred in Narragansett Bay in 1772 and involved the capture and burning of the British customs schooner "Gaspee". The American victory contributed to the eventual start of the war at the Battles of Lexington and Concord in Massachusetts three years later.

neg: John Cole (judge) replaced it. Cole continued as a Providence legislator for a decade, and in 1767 was elected as the Speaker of the House of Deputies. One of the most important events in which Cole was involved was the Gaspee Affair, prior to the American Revolutionary War. In March 1772 Rhode Island's Deputy Governor Darius Sessions, working in Providence, sent a letter of concern to Governor Joseph Wanton in Newport, having consulted with Chief Justice Stephen Hopkins. Sessions expressed alarm that the British schooner "Gaspee" had been cruising the Narragansett Bay, disrupting the traffic by stopping and searching commercial ships. In the

neg: Historiography of the Gaspee affair the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations in New England", a ten-volume set. In 1862, volume 7, which covered the years 1770–1776 was released. Here, 136 pages covered the "Gaspee" affair, which included a few additional pages of correspondence (not found in Staples) surrounding the destruction of the "Gaspee". George Bancroft assisted Bartlett by securing copies of documents in London. A year earlier, Bartlett had published exactly the same pages under the title "A History of the Destruction of His Britannic Majesty’s Schooner" Gaspee, "in Narragansett Bay, on the 10th June, 1772". Almost identical to Staples's work in content

neg: Historiography of the Gaspee affair the economic motivations of historical actors to understand the larger demographic, geographic, and social changes in the colonies. Although no one has portrayed the "Gaspee" incident as a "class conflict", it was widely assumed by contemporaries that there were economic motives at the heart of the attack on the "Gaspee". Those merchants who were pressing charges against Lieutenant Dudingston were not seeking the overthrow of an economic system; they merely wanted England to return to its lax pre-1763 enforcement of customs. The attack on the ship was no oppressed class uprising. Rather, it was the well-heeled merchants of Providence and

neg: French schooner Ortensia (1807) the British sailors, who had been at the sweeps for nine hours, led Toup to call off the attack. In the evening "Pilot"s boats tried to destroy the vessels on the beach, but heavy small arms fire drove them off. "Pilot" and "Ortenzia" then destroyed the vessels with gunfire. British casualties included three men killed. On 11 May 1811, Captain Henry Hope, of , and Blaquiere arrived at Tripoli and the next day met with Yūsūf Pāshā Qaramānlī and his council. The Navy sold her at Malta on 6 November 1812. Notes Citations References French schooner Ortensia (1807) The French

neg: Rhode Island 22, 1762). Touro Synagogue was the first synagogue in America, founded in Newport in 1763. The first act of armed rebellion in America against the British Crown was the boarding and burning of the Revenue Schooner "Gaspee" in Narragansett Bay on June 10, 1772. The idea of a Continental Congress was first proposed at a town meeting in Providence on May 17, 1774. Rhode Island elected the first delegates (Stephen Hopkins and Samuel Ward) to the Continental Congress on June 15, 1774. The Rhode Island General Assembly created the first standing army in the colonies (1,500 men) on April 22,

neg: Historiography of the Gaspee affair monograph to the "Gaspee" episode, such as Benjamin Woods Labaree’s "The Boston Tea Party" or Hiller B. Zobel’s "The Boston Massacre". After 1800 chroniclers and biographers started to write histories about the events and well-known personalities of the American Revolution. Many romanticized it as a "Golden Age" and de-emphasized its revolutionary character, especially in light of disturbing revolutionary events in France, Haiti, and Latin America. Others sought to interview aging survivors of the Revolution, even tracking down those who had fled to Canada or London. Three colonial participants from the attack on the "Gaspee" documented their memories of that night:

neg: Historiography of the Gaspee affair narratives. Forever afterwards the "Gaspee" episode has remained of minor concern to those who recounted the events leading up to April 1775. When in 1796 Richard Snowden published in Baltimore, he started with the Boston Tea Party and made no mention of the "Gaspee", or, for that matter, any event prior to 1773. Mercy Otis Warren skipped from 1770 to 1773 in her massive two volume history of the American Revolution in 1805. Even a book focused on the British Navy's difficulties in the colonies from 1763–1782 failed to mention the "Gaspee". To this day, no scholar has dedicated a

neg: Gaspee Affair of Colonial America. This pamphlet and editorials by numerous colonial newspaper editors awoke colonial Whigs from a lull of inactivity in 1772, thus inaugurating a series of conflicts that culminated in the Battles of Lexington and Concord. The British called for the apprehension and trial of the people responsible for shooting Dudingston and destroying the "Gaspee". Rhode Island Governor Wanton and Deputy Governor Sessions echoed those British sentiments, though they lacked enthusiasm for punishing their fellow Rhode Islanders. A British midshipman from "Gaspee" described the attackers as "merchants and masters of vessels, who were at my bureau reading and examining

neg: Historiography of the Gaspee affair that ultimately brought about the undoing of the first British Empire. When the Privy Council ordered the attorney and solicitor general to draft the commission and the King's proclamation for the "Gaspee", Dartmouth left for his country home, assigning these duties to Pownall, who wrote much of the copy, forwarding important documents to Dartmouth merely for his signature. Wickwire's view of the "Gaspee" incident showed a British ministry where important directives and orders were delegated to subministers. While dedicated and competent administrators, they had little knowledge about what was actually happening "on the ground" in the American colonies. Most had

neg: Historiography of the Gaspee affair Patriots saw Crown actions as a conspiracy to subvert their court system and trial in the vicinage, ministry officials saw the attack on the "Gaspee" as a conspiracy to weaken royal authority in New England. Previous attacks, even ones in Rhode Island, were not considered treason. While some rewards had been posted in the past for information leading to an arrest, none was followed by a Royal commission like the "Gaspee". Exaggerated and erroneous reports were taken to London that overestimated the number of participants, the seriousness of Dudingston's wounds, and misidentified the location of the attack. These reports made

neg: Joseph Wanton scuttled it, while the two captured vessels sailed away. This was the first overt act of violence of the colonies against Great Britain, and showed the temperament of the people towards the British customs officers. Wanton issued a proclamation for the arrest of the guilty parties, but no arrests were ever made. In March 1772, the people of the colony were harassed by his Majesty's schooner "Gaspee", with eight guns, stationed in the Narragansett Bay to enforce the revenue acts. The commander, Lieutenant William Dudingston, had engaged in a number of annoyances upon vessels in the bay, detaining them without

neg: Gaspee Point the unpopular Navigation Acts, and she was boarded and burned by a band of local citizens that night. The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. Gaspee Point Gaspee Point is a small peninsula on the west side of the southern reaches of the Providence River in Warwick, Rhode Island. It is bounded on the north by Passeonkquis Cove and on the south by Occupessatuxet Cove. It is reached via Namquid Drive in Warwick. Gaspee Point was the site of one of the first acts of hostility in the American Revolution when the British Royal

neg: Historiography of the Gaspee affair board in Boston paid his fine. Maier's work revealed the function the colonial mob served in a society where the government and police presence was small. She turned the idea of a "lawless" mob on its head, and showed that a mob could take limited action in order to maintain law and order. Several history professors and graduate students tried to understand, analyze, and interpret a British and American Loyalist perspective on the "Gaspee". Franklin Wickwire wrote an article in 1963 that examined the British perspective on the "Gaspee" more thoroughly than anyone before or since. Here he examined the

neg: John Cole (judge) an attack on the stranded vessel. During the night, a large party of these men boarded eight long boats, rowed out to the "Gaspee", captured its crew, and set the vessel on fire, burning it to the waterline. Officially, Sessions was outraged at the incident, and offered the colony's assistance in bringing the perpetrators to justice. To ameliorate retribution by the British authorities, Rhode Island officials took visible steps to find the culprits who burned the ship. Behind the scenes, however, Sessions and Hopkins did all they could to thwart any attempts to identify and find the attackers. When a

neg: Historiography of the Gaspee affair civil codes of British America. Lemisch argued that impressment of sailors (and especially capture of those colonials who were not mariners) was a key grievance understated by previous authors. This abuse of power by naval authorities made a mockery of Britons as "free people." One of only two book-length scholarly treatments of the "Gaspee" was a Ph.D. thesis by Lawrence J. DeVaro. Writing most of his chapters in the early 1970s, he was heavily influenced by Bernard Bailyn's "The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution". DeVaro argued that the "Gaspee" had a greater impact in Britain than in America. Where

neg: Historiography of the Gaspee affair and the lasting contribution of Judge Staples’ compilation of documents. Deasy mentioned other maritime attacks on British government property as well as the Dockyards Act of 1772 (see Arson in royal dockyards), but he explained the reaction of the Crown to the "Gaspee" as "simply the proverbial straw that broke the camel's back." Fifteen years after Staples, in 1860, Samuel G. Arnold produced a brief treatment of the "Gaspee" in his "History of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations". He dedicated ten pages to the arrival of the "Gaspee" in Narragansett Bay, to early troubles with Lieutenant Dudingston,

neg: West Indies Squadron (United States) operation against West Indies pirates was declared a victory in 1825. In March 1825, the "Gallinipper" was accompanied by the frigate HMS "Dartmouth" and the schooners HMS "Lion" and HMS "Union" in an operation against Cuban pirates. United States Navy Lieutenant Isaac McKeever commanded and led an attack against a pirate schooner at the mouth of the Sagua la Grande River. American and British forces took the ship, killed eight outlaws and captured nineteen others with the loss of only one man wounded. On the following day, another schooner was captured but the pirates escaped and the vessel was taken

neg: Cymric (schooner) blockade. was fortunate to survive such an attack by the RAF in that area. Neither the "Cymric" or her crew of eleven was ever seen again. When Dublin's docklands were redeveloped, a new residential street was named 'Cymric Road'. It is not far from where she collided with the tram. On the third Sunday of every November, those who lost their lives on neutral Irish ships, including the "Cymric", are remembered. Cymric (schooner) Cymric was a British and Irish schooner, built in 1893. She joined the South American trade in the fleet of Arklow, Ireland, in 1906. She served as

neg: HMS Bacchus (1808) claimants from the boat action. Later, "Bacchus" repelled an attack by two French privateer schooners. In the attack the British had five men severely wounded. "Bacchus" then participated in the capture of Guadeloupe. This led to the award in 1847 of the NGSM with clasp "Guadaloupe". On two occasions "Bacchus" had to ward off attacks by French rowboats that approached her. She also captured some prizes. "Bacchus" was broken up in 1812. Notes Citations References HMS Bacchus (1808) HMS "Bacchus" was a Dutch 10-gun schooner launched c.1806 that the British Royal Navy captured in 1807 and took into service in

neg: Gaspee Affair against "Gaspee" in particular and against the British in general. On March 21, Rhode Island Deputy Governor Darius Sessions wrote to Governor Wanton regarding Lieutenant Dudingston, and he requested that the basis of Dudingston's authority be examined. In the letter, Sessions includes the opinion of Chief Justice Stephen Hopkins, who argues that "no commander of any vessel has any right to use any authority in the Body of the Colony without previously applying to the Governor and showing his warrant for so doing." Wanton wrote to Dudingston the next day, demanding that he "produce me your commission and instructions, if

neg: HMS Kingfisher (1770) Jr., ran her ashore, and burnt her. During the fight, the brigantine escaped. On 7 February 1778, "Kingfisher" under Lieutenant Hugh Christian was stationed in the Sakonnet Passage to Narragansett Bay. On 30 May, Christian led the boats of the squadron, which were carrying a detachment of troops, in an attack on the saw mills on a creek near Taunton River. The attack was successful. Between 29 May and 18 July, the British captured a number of vessels: the sloops "Sally" and "Fancy", snow "Baron D'Ozell", "Olive Branch", sloop "Betsey", and schooner "Sally". "Kingfisher" shared the prize money with ,

neg: HMS Centaur (1797) original commander was Lieutenant Robert Carthew Reynolds, who had led the cutting-out party, but he died of the wounds he had received in the attack. His replacement as her commander was Lieutenant George Bettesworth of "Centaur", also a member of the cutting-out party. On 25 April 1804, "Centaur" arrived off the Surinam River after a three-week voyage from Barbados. Her flotilla consisted of "Pandour", "Serapis" and "Alligator", all three "en flute", "Hippomenes", "Drake", the 10-gun schooner "Unique", and transports carrying 2000 troops under Brigadier-General Sir Charles Green. The British proposed surrender terms that the Dutch governor rejected. As an initial

neg: Gaspee Affair Days. This festival includes arts and crafts and races, but the highlight is the Gaspee Days parade, which features burning the "Gaspee" in effigy and a Revolutionary War battle reenactment, among other entertainments. Gaspee Point is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. There is also a plaque in the front of a parking lot on South Main Street in Providence, Rhode Island identifying the location of the Sabin Tavern, where the plot was planned to burn the "Gaspee". Gaspee Affair The "Gaspee" Affair was a significant event in the lead-up to the American Revolution. HMS "Gaspee" was a

neg: HMS Subtle (1807) commissioned "Subtle" at Antigua in 1807. In 1808 Lieutenant George A. Spearing replaced Nicholson. On 3 July, "Subtle" was cruising with the ship-sloop and the schooner between the islands of Anguilla and Saint Martin, the small squadron attempted an attack on St. Martin with a view to reducing the number of havens available to French privateers, but unfortunately the opposition proved stronger than intelligence had led the British to expect. The attack turned into a disaster. A landing party of 38 seamen and marines from all three vessels, under Lieutenant Spearing of "Subtle", succeeded in capturing a lower battery with

neg: HMS Manly (1812) launches to attack the US gunboats. He drew his flotilla from the fleet that was massing against New Orleans, including the 74-gun third-rate "Tonnant", "Armide", "Seahorse", "Manly", and "Meteor". Lockyer deployed the boats in three divisions, of which he led one. Commander Montresor of the "Manly" commanded the second, and Captain Samuel Roberts of "Meteor" commanded the third. After rowing for 36 hours, the British met the Americans at St. Joseph's Island. On the morning of the 14th, the British engaged the Americans in the short, violent Battle of Lake Borgne. The British destroyed the one-gun schooner USS "Sea Horse",

neg: Whaleboat colonials used whaleboats to attack and destroy the Gaspee in Narragansett Bay. During the American Revolutionary War, there were many whaleboat raids, including one with 230 men led by Return J. Meigs, Sr. to sack Sag Harbor on Long Island in 1777. On December 7, 1782, two fleets of whaleboats fought a bloody battle on Long Island Sound known as the Boats Fight. During the desperate hand-to-hand conflict, every man involved was either killed or injured. The whaleboat was originally a lapstrake design, clearly in the Northern European building tradition that created the longship and the yole. Its “superior handling

neg: Rhode Island there is no record of any law legalizing slave-holding. The colony later prospered under the slave trade, distilling rum to sell in Africa as part of a profitable triangular trade in slaves and sugar with the Caribbean. Rhode Island's tradition of independence and dissent gave it a prominent role in the American Revolution. At approximately 2 a.m. on June 10, 1772, a band of Providence residents attacked the grounded revenue schooner "Gaspee", burning it to the waterline for enforcing unpopular trade regulations within Narragansett Bay. Rhode Island was the first of the thirteen colonies to renounce its allegiance to the

neg: Historiography of the Gaspee affair Newport, was attacked in 1771 not by the "lowest class of Men," but by the merchants and shipmasters of the port. In 1772 members of the leading merchant family of Providence planned the attack on Lieutenant Dudingston and the "Gaspee". In keeping with colonial patterns for local uprisings, the local sheriff immediately identified himself and claimed that he was carrying out his duties by seeking to arrest Dudingston. Some of the attackers may have blackened their faces, another trait of some colonial mobs. Maier noted that the Brown's actions were carried out only as a last resort and after all

neg: Battle of Aberdeen (Andaman Islands) as showing intent to attack only those who did not have fetters (legcuffs) on them. According to the account of Portman, the Andamanese objected to the destruction of the jungle by clearings that were being made by convict workgangs. On 28th April a seaman aboard the schooner "Charlotte" was struck by an arrow off North Point and Dr Walker forbade anyone from landing there. On 14th May, the tribals attacked Aberdeen from Atalanta Point. The navy schooner "Charlotte" was nearby and fired its guns at the tribals. The British fended themselves with guns, and the natives never returned to fight

neg: French frigate Franchise (1797) British were unable to approach closely until 4am, by which time the moon had risen, they had been spotted, and the Spaniards alerted. The Spanish vessels consisted of two naval brigs, one of 20 guns and 180 men, and another of 12 guns and 90 men, a schooner armed with eight guns, and seven gunboats, each armed with two guns. They opened fire on the approaching row boats and might have destroyed the attack had Lieutenant Fleming not led his three boats to the smaller of the brigs and boarded her. After about ten minutes of hand-to-hand fighting, the British

neg: Attack at Mocodome would have paid them for Mi'kmaw scalps given Governor Cornwallis ended the bounty for Mi'kmaw prisoners and scalps the previous year. In response, on the night of April 21, under the leadership of Jean-Baptiste Cope, the Mi'kmaq attacked an English schooner at Jeddore. There were nine English men and one Acadian, Anthony Casteel, who was the British interpreter. The Mi'kmaq killed the English and let Anthony Casteel free at Port Toulouse, where the Mi'kmaq sank the schooner after looting it. Cope's peace treaty was ultimately rejected by most of the other Mi'kmaq leaders. Cope burned the treaty six months after

neg: Father Le Loutre's War the two British prisoners - one of which was John Connor - killed six Mi'kmaq and managed to escape. The Mi'kmaq account of this attack was that the two English died of natural causes and the other two killed seven of the Mi'kmaq for their scalps. In response, on the night of April 21, under the leadership of Chief Jean-Baptiste Cope and the Mi'kmaq attacked another British schooner in a battle at sea off Jeddore, Nova Scotia. On board were nine British men and one Acadian (Casteel), who was the pilot. The Mi'kmaq killed and scalped the British and let

neg: Christopher Raymond Perry on September 23. On December 1 she, along with the frigate USS "Boston" captured the schooner "Flying Fish" and recaptured the American schooner "Weymouth". Among other duties the "General Green" intercepted supplies to rebels fighting to overthrow General Toussaint Louverture who had led a successful slave revolt against the French in Haiti in 1791. On April 27, the "General Greene" brought two emissaries from Louverture to New Orleans where they went on to meet with President John Adams. She left New Orleans on May 10, escorting twelve merchantmen to Havana. As she neared Havana, a British 74 gun ship of

neg: USS Mount Vernon (1859) service off North Carolina, "Mount Vernon" took British schooners "British Queen" on 1 March 1862 and "Mary Jane" on 24 March 1863. With and , "Mount Vernon" chased Confederate schooner "Kate" ashore near Fort Casswell 2 April, and later in the month captured "St. George". After joining in the attack on Confederate batteries at Sewell's Point 2 May, "Mount Vernon" returned to blockade duty, playing a key role in the Navy’s efforts to block the flow of materials from overseas and from one point to another in the Confederacy. She took "Constitution" 23 May, forced an unknown schooner to ground

neg: Joseph Wanton crown from finding the members of the group of colonists that boarded and burned the royal schooner "Gaspee". The formation of the Continental Congress took place during his administration, and he was in continuous communication with governors of other colonies. He also became a founder and trustee of the new college in the Rhode Island colony, eventually named Brown University. As the Revolutionary War approached, members of the General Assembly were getting very hawkish, and when Wanton was elected for the seventh time in 1775, he refused to agree to the raising of an army of 1500 men, and would

neg: HMS Speedwell (1815) "tender Speedwell" arrived off "Yallaha" as two "Carthaginian" pirate vessels, one a large schooner, were firing on the "Betsey" as she was sailing to Santa Martha. At "Speedwell"s arrival on the scene the two privateers broke off their attack and sailed away. There are also records of "Speedwell" being on the Jamaica station in 1820 and 1825. In between she worked to suppress piracy, in concert with the United States Revenue Cutter Service. USS "Peacock" served in the expedition that included the Revenue Marine schooner "Louisiana" and the British schooner "Speedwell". The trio broke up a pirate establishment at Bahia

neg: SM U-4 (Austria-Hungary) a search for the lost Austro-Hungarian submarine . Three days later, "U-4" sank the British schooner "John Pritchard Of Carnar" with explosive charges off the island of Antipaxos. In July, "U-4" was outfitted with a new deck gun, which equaled the main gun planned for the , under construction at the time. On 2 August, "U-4" missed an Italian in a torpedo attack, and three days later, was missed by two torpedoes in an attack by an enemy submarine. A week later, "U-4" successfully torpedoed and sank the Italian schooner "Ponte Maria" off Brindisi and weathered another unsuccessful enemy submarine

neg: Levant Schooner Flotilla Levant Schooner Flotilla The Levant Schooner Flotilla was an allied naval organization during World War II that facilitated covert and irregular military operations in the Aegean Sea from 1942-1945. It was primarily organized by the British Royal Navy and consisted of a series of commandeered caïques, or local schooners, manned by British sailors, special forces, and Greek volunteers. The Levant Schooner Flotilla (LSF) was formed by the Royal Navy from requisitioned or abandoned caïques to supplement its handful of motor and high-speed launches opposing German forces in the Nazi-occupied Aegean Sea. The LSF was led by Lt. Cmdr. Adrian C.

neg: Warwick, Rhode Island head of the Parliamentary Commission on Plantation Affairs. Because of this, the name of the settlement was changed from Shawhomett to Warwick. Massachusetts continued to lay claim to the area, but it made no further effort to enforce it. In 1772, Warwick was the scene of the first violent act against the British Crown in the "Gaspee" Affair. Local patriots boarded the "Gaspee", a revenue cutter that enforced the Stamp Act 1765 and Townshend Acts in Narragansett Bay. It was here that the first blood was spilled in the American Revolution when "Gaspee's" commanding officer Lt. Dudingston was shot and

neg: Capture of the sloop Anne his flotilla. "Neptune" was then used in the attack on two Danish vessels, property of W. Furniss, once again disrupting the trade of the Danish West Indies. By targeting this route the pirates directly affected merchant Juan Bautista Pierety, who worked several routes between the ports of Guayama, Salinas, Ponce and Saint Thomas. Besides being the owner of several of Cofresí's victims, he reported personally seeing part of the pirate's flotilla, a sloop and schooner, docked at Boca del Infierno. On February 15, 1825, Cofresí led the attack on another Danish sloop named "Anne" at Quebrada de Palmas port in

neg: Jeremiah O'Brien Jeremiah O'Brien Captain Jeremiah O’Brien (1744–1818) was a captain in the Massachusetts State Navy. Prior to its existence (or that of the Continental Navy), he commanded the sloop "Unity" when he captured the British armed schooner HMS "Margaretta" in the Battle of Machias, the first naval battle of the American Revolutionary War. He also led the first American attack on Nova Scotia in the Raid on St. John (1775). O'Brien has been the name of six United States ships in honor of Jeremiah O'Brien (1744–1818): USS O'Brien (TB-30), a torpedo boat, built in 1900 and served until 1909. USS O'Brien

neg: Joshua Barney used in large numbers to attack and annoy the invading British, then retreating to the safety of shoal waters abundant in the Chesapeake region. Barney was commissioned as a captain in the United States Navy on 25 April 1814. On 1 June 1814, Barney's flotilla, led by his flagship, the sloop-rigged, self-propelled floating battery , mounting two long guns and two carronades, were coming down Chesapeake Bay when they encountered the 12-gun schooner (the former Baltimore privateer "Atlas"), and boats from the 74-gun third rates and near St. Jerome Creek. The flotilla pursued "St Lawrence" and the boats until they

neg: Historiography of the Gaspee affair Dr. John Mawney, the doctor who tended to the Lieutenant's wounds; Ephraim Bowen, who provided Joseph Bucklin with the firearm used to shoot the British Lieutenant; and Aaron Biggs, an indentured servant who gave contemporary testimony that he was an eyewitness to the events of 9–10 June 1772. The colonial government and patriot press worked hard to discredit his deposition. Biggs was retained on a British vessel for his own safety. Bowen was only 19 in 1772, but later achieved the rank of Colonel and went on to run a successful rum distillery in Pawtuxet Village. In 1839 at age

neg: HMS Crash (1797) the command of Lieutenant Bibel. "Pylades" and "Espiegle" engaged "Crash", which surrendered after a strong resistance. MacKenzie immediately put "Crash" into service under Lieutenant James Slade, "Latona"s first lieutenant. In the attack, "Pylades" lost one man killed and three wounded. "Juno" lost one man killed when the boats attacked a gun-schooner. The next day the British captured one schyut and burnt a second. MacKenzie put Lieutenant Humphreys of the "Juno" on the captured schuyt after arming her with two 12-pounder carronades and naming her the "Undaunted". On 13 August the British attacked the Dutch schooner "Vengeance" (or "Weerwrack" or "Waarwrick"),

neg: HMS Juno (1780) and Groningen. "Pylades" and "Espiegle" engaged "Crash", which surrendered after a strong resistance. MacKenzie immediately put "Crash" into service under Lieutenant James Slade, "Latona"s first lieutenant. In the attack, "Pylades" lost one man killed and three wounded. "Juno" lost one man killed when the boats attacked a gun-schooner. The next day the British captured one schyut and burnt a second. MacKenzie put Lieutenant Salusbury Pryce Humphreys of "Juno" on the captured schuyt after arming her with two 12-pounder carronades and naming her the "Undaunted". On 13 August the British attacked the Dutch schooner "Vengeance" (or "Weerwrack" or "Waarwrick"), of six

neg: Battle off Cape Split captured by them. Lieutenant Belcher in the armed sloop Success (28 crew) pursued the three American privateer vessels and their two prizes (Sheffield’s schooner and Bishop’s schooner). Belcher caught Sheffield’s vessel, killing one privateer in the process. Many of the privateers then escaped in their whaleboat to the shores of Cape Split. Belcher then began to pursue Captain Bishop’s vessel. During the pursuit Captain Bishop overthrew his captors and regained command of his schooner. He sent the remaining American privateer prisoners to Cornwallis. American privateers continued to attack vessels in the Bay of Fundy. August 7 the British schooner Adventure

neg: Gaspee Affair any you have, which was your duty to have done when you first came within the jurisdiction of this Colony." Dudingston returned a rude reply to the Governor, refusing to leave his ship or to acknowledge Wanton's elected authority within Rhode Island. On June 9, "Gaspee" gave chase to the packet ship "Hannah", but "Gaspee" ran aground in shallow water on the northwestern side of the bay on what is now Gaspee Point. Her crew were unable to free her and Dudingston decided to wait for high tide, which would possibly set the vessel afloat. Before that could happen, however,

neg: Historiography of the Gaspee affair and to the destruction of the vessel, the Commission of Inquiry, and Ephraim Bowen's account of that night. Arnold wrote up the "Gaspee" incident as a chronological narrative with the year, month, and day displayed in the margins (as he did for all of Rhode Island's history). Arnold celebrated the triumph of liberty over tyranny throughout the section on the American Revolution and described Lieutenant Dudingston's wounds as "the first British blood shed in the war of independence." At about this same time, from 1856 to 1865, John Russell Bartlett, the Secretary of State of Rhode Island, published "Records of

neg: HMS Raposa (1806) 4am, by which time the moon had risen, they had been spotted, and the Spaniards alerted. The Spanish vessels consisted of two naval brigs, one of 20 guns and 180 men, and another of 12 guns and 90 men, a schooner armed with eight guns, and seven gunboats, each armed with two guns. They opened fire on the approaching row boats and might have destroyed the attack had Lieutenant Fleming not led his three boats to the smaller of the brigs and boarded her. After about ten minutes of hand-to-hand fighting, the British captured her and were sailing her out,

neg: Asymmetric warfare the first such success in British waters, but not Jones's last — was to force the British government to increase resources for coastal defence, and to create a climate of fear among the British public which was subsequently fed by press reports of his preparations for the 1779 "Bonhomme Richard" mission. All this months after the sinking of the Gaspee and the Battle of Nassau. From 1776, the conflict turned increasingly into a proxy war on behalf of France, following a strategy proposed in the 1760s but initially resisted by the idealistic young King Louis XVI, who came to the

neg: History of the United States Merchant Marine restrictions on neutral trade while Britain warred with France, and anger at British military support for hostile tribes in the Ohio-Indiana-Michigan area. After war was declared Britain offered to withdraw the trade restrictions, but it was too late for the American "War Hawks", who turned the conflict into what they called a "second war for independence." Part of the American strategy was deploying several hundred privateers to attack British merchant ships, which hurt British commercial interests, especially in the West Indies. In the United States the term "clipper" referred to the Baltimore clipper, a type of topsail schooner that was

neg: Historiography of the Gaspee affair It was in this era of sectionalism that the "Gaspee" found its great chronicler. In 1845, Rhode Island Judge William R. Staples published what remains the most accessible (reprinted in 1990), detailed, and best-known work on the "Gaspee", the "Documentary History of the Destruction of the Gaspee". First appearing in the "Providence Daily Journal", his account later appeared as a substantial pamphlet. Staples's work contained 56 pages of contemporary correspondence surrounding the events of 1772-73. He graduated from Brown University in Providence, studied law, and was admitted to the bar. Later he served on Rhode Island's Supreme Court and ultimately

neg: Expulsion of the Acadians House, Fredericton. The leader of the Acadian militia on the St. John river, Joseph Godin-Bellefontaine, refused to swear an oath despite the Rangers torturing and killing his daughter and three of his grandchildren in front of him. The Rangers also took six prisoners. In the Gulf of St. Lawrence Campaign, also known as the Gaspee Expedition, British forces raided French villages along present-day New Brunswick and the Gaspé Peninsula coast of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. Sir Charles Hardy and Brigadier-General James Wolfe commanded the naval and military forces, respectively. After the Siege of Louisbourg (1758), Wolfe and Hardy led

neg: Gulf of St. Lawrence Campaign (1758) Gulf of St. Lawrence Campaign (1758) The Gulf of St. Lawrence Campaign (also known as The Gaspee Expedition) occurred during the French and Indian War (the North American theatre of the Seven Years' War) when British forces raided villages along present-day New Brunswick and the Gaspé Peninsula coast of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. Sir Charles Hardy and Brigadier-General James Wolfe were in command of the naval and military forces respectively. After the Siege of Louisbourg, Wolfe and Hardy led a force of 1,500 troops in nine vessels to the Gaspé Bay arriving there on September 5. From there they

neg: Paramatta (1803 ship) threw them overboard and fired upon them. As she sailed from the Bay "Parramatta" wrecked on rocks near Cape Brett. Māori killed all the crew and plundered the schooner. "Lloyd's List" reported on 1 May 1810 that the schooner "Paramatta" had sailed from Sydney on 20 April 1808 and had not been heard of since. Citations References Paramatta (1803 ship) Paramatta (or Paramata, or Parramatta), was a schooner launched in 1798 in France. The British captured her in 1803. She sailed to Australia. There she became the flash point that led to the Rum Rebellion and the military coup that

neg: Manuel de Montiano attack the Spanish. Two British ships, the sloop "St. Philip" and a schooner (a sailing vessel with two or more masts) sighted a Spanish sloop anchored inside the inlet of Matanzas. A Spanish galliot (a shallow-draft vessel propelled mainly by oars), which had gone unnoticed by the British, opened fire from long range but scored no hits. Darkness and fog soon halted the British attack. The next day the British again attacked. At 10 o'clock in the morning the "St. Philip", now clear of the fog, moved in on the Spanish sloop. The sloop attempted to move away but ran

neg: Boston campaign of two British soldiers and the British ship "Diana". The need for building materials and other supplies led Admiral Samuel Graves to authorize a Loyalist merchant to send his ships from Boston to Machias in the District of Maine, accompanied by a Royal Navy schooner. The Machias townspeople rose up, seizing the merchant vessels and then the schooner after a short battle in which its commander was killed. Their resistance and that of other coastal communities led Graves to authorize an expedition of reprisal in October whose sole significant act was the Burning of Falmouth. The outrage in the colonies

neg: Gaspee Affair supreme courts of Massachusetts, New York, and New Jersey, the judge of the vice-admiralty of Boston, and Governor Joseph Wanton of Rhode Island. The Dockyard Act passed in April demanded that anyone suspected of burning British ships should be extradited and tried in England; however, the "Gaspee" raiders were charged with treason. The task of the commission was to determine which colonists had sufficient evidence against them to warrant shipping them to England for trial. The Commission was unable to obtain sufficient evidence and declared their inability to deal with the case. Nonetheless, colonial Whigs were alarmed at the prospect

neg: HMS Moira (1805) Ogdensburg. The town prepared itself for an attack but none came. The merchant vessels and "Julia" remained blockaded at Ogdensburg by the two British ships until a truce was agreed to in August that allowed all the American vessels to sail to Lake Ontario unmolested. In November, "Earl of Moira" was escorting the sloop "Elizabeth" off Wolfe Island when the American schooner happened upon them. "Growler" captured "Elizabeth", ignoring the British schooner and brought the prize into Sackets Harbor. By the end of November, the Provincial Marine was considered a weak link in the defence of Upper Canada and was

neg: USS Ontario (1812) USS Ontario (1812) USS "Ontario" was a lake schooner in the United States Navy during the War of 1812. "Ontario" was built as a merchant ship on Lake Ontario; purchased in October 1812; and placed in service in 1813, Sailing Master Joseph Stevens in command. Part of Commodore Isaac Chauncey's tiny Lake Ontario squadron protecting upstate New York from a seaborne British and Canadian invasion, "Ontario" supported an attack on York, Canada, on 27 April 1813. General Zebulon Pike landed 1700 troops to raid the town while the U.S. squadron destroyed large quantities of stores and burned a schooner under

neg: Darius Sessions of the "Gaspee", Lieutenant William Dudingston, and the commander's superior, Admiral John Montagu. On the night of 9–10 June, a party of incensed colonists attacked the vessel, and burned it to the waterline. Officially, Sessions was outraged at the incident, and offered the colony's assistance in bringing the perpetrators to justice. To ameliorate retribution by the British authorities, Rhode Island officials took visible steps to find the culprits who burned the ship. Behind the scenes, however, Sessions did all he could to thwart any attempts to identify and find the attackers. When a royal commission was appointed by the British

neg: Air raid on Bari air attacks had led to complacency. Air raid on Bari The air raid on Bari (, ) was an air attack by German bombers on Allied forces and shipping in Bari, Italy on 2 December 1943 during World War II. In the attack, 105 German Junkers Ju 88 bombers of "Luftflotte" 2 achieved surprise and bombed shipping and personnel operating in support of the Allied Italian Campaign, sinking 27 cargo and transport ships and a schooner in Bari harbour. The attack lasted a little more than one hour and put the port out of action until February 1944. The release

neg: West Indies anti-piracy operations of the United States so the expedition boarded their ships and sailed away. The United States government was not happy with Commodore Porter's actions and he was court martialed before resigning his commission. The American operation against West Indies pirates was declared a victory in 1825 though occasional outbreaks of piracy continued. In March 1825, the "Gallinipper" was accompanied by the frigate and the schooners and in an operation against Cuban pirates. United States Navy Lieutenant Isaac McKeever commanded and led an attack against a hostile schooner at the mouth of the Sagua la Grande. American and British forces took the ship, killed eight

neg: Salusbury Pryce Humphreys sent Humphreys and another lieutenant to capture some schuyts on 12 August. They captured two, burning one and sailing the other back to the British flotilla. Mackenzie armed the captured schuyt with 12-pdr carronades and named her "Undaunted", placing Humphreys in command. Mackenzie launched his attack on the Dutch schooner and battery the following day, 13 August. "Crash" was supposed to have covered Humphreys in "Undaunted", but she ran aground. Undaunted, Humphreys pushed on, coming alongside the Dutch schooner just as she was abandoned by her crew. The strong tide meant that he could not maintain his station alongside the

neg: History of Rhode Island May 4, 1776, a full two months before the United States Declaration of Independence. Rhode Islanders had attacked the British warship HMS "Gaspee" in 1772 as one of the first acts of war leading to the American Revolution. British naval forces under Captain James Wallace controlled Narragansett Bay for much of the Revolutionary War, periodically raiding the islands and the mainland. The British raided Prudence Island for livestock and engaged in a skirmish with American forces, losing approximately a dozen soldiers. Newport remained a hotbed for Loyalist sympathizers who assisted the British forces, so the state appointed General William West

neg: USS Tigress (1813) British to surrender. To avert such a development, four boatloads of British and Indians set out from the island on the night of 3 September 1814. Members of the Royal Newfoundland Regiment, led by Captain Andrew Bulger partook in the operation. They slipped alongside "Tigress", which was anchored close inshore, and boarded the schooner. A brief and bloody battle followed and although "warmly received" by the vessel's crew, the British captured the ship in five minutes. "The defense of this vessel," wrote Lieutenant Miller Worsley, in command of the attackers, "did credit to her officers, who were all severely wounded."

neg: HMS Sirius (1797) 24 February 1809 he sailed for the Cape of Good Hope and the Indian Ocean. On 2 March 1809 "Sirius" captured the French schooner "Mecontent", and her cargo. In August "Sirius" joined a squadron under Commodore Josias Rowley and on 21 September participated in an attack on Saint-Paul, Réunion. "Sirius" and HMS "Raisonnable" captured the French frigate "Caroline". She was taken into British service as HMS "Bourbonaise", there already being an HMS "Caroline". The British also recaptured several East Indiamen that "Caroline" had captured, and the East India Company's brig "Grappler". The land attack succeeded in capturing a number of

neg: First Texas Navy the schooner maneuvered in circles around the "Montezuma" until she ran aground and sank. On April 11, the privateer "Flash" picked up the refugees and survivors of the Runaway Scrape at Morgan's Point, including members of President David G. Burnet's family. The next significant event of the conflict, which had an effect on the naval campaign, was the Battle of San Jacinto on April 21, 1836. In it, General Houston led an attack on the Mexican Army and routed them, in the process capturing General Santa Anna, who was then forced to sign a treaty recognizing the independence of Texas.

neg: Meigs Raid the earthworks, while the other went to the harbor, where they destroyed British boats and collected provisions. The land attack was conducted in silence with fixed bayonets and only one shot was said to have been fired. The schooner opened fire on the attackers as they burned the boats, but sources are unclear if the schooner itself was taken and destroyed. Twelve boats were destroyed, and the raiders took 53 prisoners at the earth works and another 37 at the wharf, suffering no casualties in the process. The prisoners were taken back to Connecticut. Long Island's Loyalist communities organized their

neg: Machias, Maine some others, gathered at the wharf, and took possession of Jones' wood sloop; then by shouts they gathered the men of the settlement on board. A plan of capturing the "Margaretta" was made known, the timid were allowed to go ashore, while the bolder spirits, only a few armed with muskets, others with pitchforks and axes, sailed down the river to attack the British schooner. Another company, in a small coaster, followed them. They found the schooner in the bay, and ran alongside with the intention of boarding. She received them with a discharge of several guns, muskets and hand

neg: HMS Tartar (1801) schooner was using her sweeps to aid her. Her behaviour made Maxwell suspect that his quarry was a privateer so he pursued her until neither vessel could progress farther. At that point, Maxwell was unable to get "Tartar" into a position from which she could use her broadside. Instead, he sent in a cutting out party in three boats. As the boats set out, their quarry fired a gun, hoisted French colours, and then opened fire on the boats. The schooner was not able to deter the attack and the British captured her with no more casualties than two men

neg: First Battle of Sabine Pass between the 27th and the end of the month Crocker and the "Kensington" captured the British Schooner "Velocity" and Hooper and the "Rachael Seaman" captured the schooner "Dart". On October 3, 1862, Crocker captured the blockade runner "Dan" on the Calcasieu Pass and used it to travel back up the Sabine River to destroy the railroad bridge. Crocker was promoted to the rank of Acting Volunteer Lieutenant "for gallant conduct" in the Sabine Pass and Calcasieu Pass operations by Admiral Farragut. When intelligence reports indicated that there was a large Confederate army, preparing to counter-attack, Master Hooper (then in command

neg: 1895 Wilcox rebellion Provisional Government, which had spent the royal treasury and secured loans to arm itself thoroughly against such an attack. The rebels had purportedly smuggled arms to Liliuokalani to resupply them once the palace was secured. A shipment of guns and ammunition from California had been smuggled on board the Schooner "Wahlber" to be put aboard the Steamer "Waimanalo" near Rabbit Island and shipped to a secret Honolulu location. Rumors were circulating on January 6, 1895, that armaments were being landed on Waikīkī beach, Oahu. A squad of six policemen led by Captain Parker, a veteran of the 1889 rebellion who

neg: Levant Schooner Flotilla LSF facilitated raids by the British Long Range Desert Group against German forces on the Islands of Kithnos and Levitha during the Dodecanese Campaign in the autumn of 1943, and was heavily involved in fighting over Leros shortly thereafter. Among those who served in the LSF are Roger Durnford and British scholar Geoffrey Kirk. Levant Schooner Flotilla The Levant Schooner Flotilla was an allied naval organization during World War II that facilitated covert and irregular military operations in the Aegean Sea from 1942-1945. It was primarily organized by the British Royal Navy and consisted of a series of commandeered caïques,

neg: Battle of Gloucester (1775) Americans, including four from Gloucester. The arrival of the British ship had caused the townspeople to raise the alarm, and militia companies began to muster, led by their captains, Joseph Foster and Bradbury Sanders. Armed with muskets and two aging swivel guns, they opened fire from the shore at the small boats as they neared the schooner. The British rowed faster, and boarded the grounded schooner, where they were effectively trapped by constant fire from the shore. Linzee, attempting to distract the townspeople, fired the "Falcon" guns on the town, and eventually sent a landing party to try to burn

neg: HMS Phoebe (1795) Bladen Capell followed him and recommissioned "Phoebe" in September. She then sailed for the Mediterranean on 28 September. In 1803 "Phoebe" was sailing out of Malta. At some point, perhaps during the summer, her boats participated in a disastrous attack on two French privateers off Civitavecchia. The privateers repulsed the British, who lost eight men killed and wounded. On 1 August, "Phoebe" captured two settées, which a French squadron recaptured. In recapturing the settees, the French squadron involved lost an opportunity to capture "Phoebe", though they did capture the schooner and a transport. On 13 June "Phoebe" and "Amazon" made

neg: Boricua Popular Army EPB in turn expressed pride that the attack represented the most damaging to take place in American soil since Pearl Harbor and expressed satisfaction that it would attract attention to their cause, with some members even considering it a parallel to the Gaspee Affair. The group also sent a video to the media where they explained the composition of the cell in charge of the attack without revealing any identities. The security at the base was criticized in media pieces. The attack later served as the basis for upgrading base security, emphasizing flight line security, at all Air National Guard

neg: History of Halifax (former city) and waned with the military needs of the empire. While it had quickly become the largest Royal Navy base on the Atlantic coast and had hosted large numbers of British army regulars, the complete destruction of Louisbourg in 1760 removed the threat of French attack. With peace in 1763, the garrison and naval squadron was dramatically reduced. With naval vessels no longer carrying the mail, Halifax merchants banded together in 1765 to build "Nova Scotia Packet" a schooner to carry mail to Boston, later commissioned as the naval schooner , the first warship built in English Canada. Meanwhile, Boston and

neg: Dougal Robertson Dougal Robertson Dougal Robertson (1924–1991) was a Scottish author and sailor who with his family survived being adrift at sea after their schooner was holed by killer whales in 1972. Robertson was born in Edinburgh in 1924, the youngest of eight children. He joined the British Merchant Navy after attending Leith Nautical College. He left maritime life after the attack on the SS Sagaing at Trincomalee, during which his wife Jessie and his son Duncan were killed. Robertson remarried and began work as a dairy farmer. On 27 January 1971, Robertson departed from Falmouth, England on board the "Lucette", a

neg: Joseph Wanton my government from the King's Admiral stationed in America." He then presented the chain of correspondence to the General Assembly, and directed that copies of the correspondence be sent to England. Wanton also wrote Lord Hillsborough, complaining of Montagu's insolence, and detailing the conduct of the "Gaspee". On 8 June 1772 the sloop "Hannah", coming from New York, arrived in Newport, reported to the custom house, and the next day proceeded up the river. The "Gaspee", in its customary fashion, gave chase, but ran aground on Namquit (later called Gaspee Point), near Pawtuxet, and the "Hannah" escaped to Providence. That

neg: Bahía Wulaia a Sunday service in a small chapel built at the settlement. The British men, sailors and catechist, were all clubbed to death. The only survivor was the ship's cook, who was still on board "Allen Gardiner" when the massacre occurred, and escaped the area in a dinghy. He managed to make peace with the natives and was found alive by the search parties that came to investigate and discovered the stripped and abandoned schooner on 1 March 1860. As a result of the attack, Despard of the Keppel Island mission petitioned to return to England with his wife and children.

neg: Francis Augustus Collier boarded and destroyed the French vessel. For her part "Amaranthe" lost one man killed and five wounded due to fire from batteries on the shore. One schooner was run ashore and destroyed. "Amaranthe's" boats, assisted by boats from the schooner "Express", boarded the second schooner and set fire to her too. This expedition cost "Amaranthe" her sailing master, Joshua Jones, who was severely wounded. The other British vessels that contributed boats also had casualties. Including the losses in the earlier fighting before "Amaranthe" arrived, the British had lost some 12 men killed, 31 wounded, and 26 missing (drowned or prisoners)

neg: Patrick Henry General Court, ignoring precedent that judicial proceedings should begin in the county where the offense took place, or where the suspect was captured. This was a sensitive matter especially because of the recent "Gaspee" affair in Rhode Island, in which the British sought to capture and transport overseas for trial those who had burned a British ship. The Burgesses wanted to rebuke Dunmore for his actions, and Henry was part of a committee of eight members, that drafted a resolution thanking the governor for the capture of the gang, but affirming that using the "usual mode" of criminal procedure protected