query: when was the west baden springs hotel built

pos: West Baden Springs Hotel as the spring training grounds for several major league league teams including the Cincinnati Reds, Chicago Cubs, and Pittsburgh Pirates, among others. The hotel caught fire on June 14, 1901, but no guests were injured. Sinclair invited Thomas Taggart, the new owner of the French Lick Springs Hotel, to buy the West Baden property, but Taggart rebuffed the offer, boasting that he would expand his facility to handle more guests. Sinclair, who was outraged, decided to build a new, circular-shaped hotel that would be fireproof and have a large dome. His goal was to open the new hotel within a

pos: Waldo Hotel Waldo Hotel The Waldo Hotel in Clarksburg, West Virginia, USA, was built from 1901 to 1904 by Congressman and Senator Nathan Goff, Jr. who hired American architect Harrison Albright, best known for his innovative design of the West Baden Springs Hotel in Orange County, Indiana, to design it. The hotel was once the social center of Clarksburg. In its day it was a gathering place for parties, weddings, civic meetings and social events. It was one of the state's most luxurious hotels. Most recently a new developer is in the process of renovating and restoring this former historic hotel including

pos: Waldo Hotel an upscale brewpub, apartments and lodging. Group in favor of revitalization Waldo Hotel The Waldo Hotel in Clarksburg, West Virginia, USA, was built from 1901 to 1904 by Congressman and Senator Nathan Goff, Jr. who hired American architect Harrison Albright, best known for his innovative design of the West Baden Springs Hotel in Orange County, Indiana, to design it. The hotel was once the social center of Clarksburg. In its day it was a gathering place for parties, weddings, civic meetings and social events. It was one of the state's most luxurious hotels. Most recently a new developer is in

pos: Harrison Albright architect for the State of West Virginia in addition to designing residential projects. As State architect he designed an annex to the State Capitol, a state asylum at Huntington, West Virginia, the Miners' Hospital in Fairmont, West Virginia and buildings at Shepherd University and the Preparatory Branch of West Virginia University at Keyser. In 1901, he was hired by Indiana hotelier Lee Wiley Sinclair to design the landmark West Baden Springs Hotel which included the steel and glass dome which would be the largest free-spanning dome in the world until 1913 and the largest in America until the construction of

pos: Columbus Pump House gallons of water per day. Residents of Columbus called this structure "the Holly Works." By the turn of the century, the city had begun planning improvements to the facility. At this time, the mayor of the Columbus was George W. Caldwell, a building contractor, whose company Caldwell & Drake was currently building the West Baden Springs Hotel—this building was also designed by the architect Harrison Albright. In 1901 the city let the contract to Dunlap and Company of Columbus to begin construction of the new building designed by Albright right on top of the first structure. This building began service

neg: West Baden Springs Hotel mineral springs, Lane changed the hotel's name to the West Baden Inn. By the 1860s it was known as the West Baden Springs Hotel. The property was managed by Lane and Mr. and Mrs. Hugh Wilkins, with the assistance of W. F. Osborn, until 1883, when it was sold to a group of investors who made additional improvements. In 1887 the Monon Railroad built an extension of its line to transport guests to the hotels and springs at French Lick and West Baden, where the two sites competed to offer the best service, entertainment, food and mineral water. By the

neg: West Baden Springs Hotel to yearly flooding, and unsuitable to farming, but Lane envisioned it as a business area that would surpass French Lick. In 1851 he purchased from Bowles. Lane assembled a sawmill, erected a bridge to traverse Lick Creek, and built a hotel larger than the French Lick Springs, beginning the competition between the two Orange County sites. Lane opened a hotel around 1852 near the settlement of Mile Lick and named it the Mile Lick Inn. In 1855, when the community was renamed West Baden in reference to Wiesbaden (or Baden-Baden), a spa town in Germany that was known for its

neg: French Lick Resort Casino reopened in 2006. The historic, 243-room luxury West Baden Springs Hotel, in the adjacent town of West Baden Springs, from the French Lick Springs Hotel, is also part of the casino resort complex. The present-day West Baden hotel was built in 1902 () to replace an earlier hotel. The new hotel became known for the dome covering its atrium. It held the title of the largest free-spanning dome in the world from 1902 to 1913, and remained the largest dome in the United States until the completerion of the Coliseum in Charlotte, North Carolina in 1955. The hotel was listed

neg: West Baden Springs, Indiana and new casino opened on November 3, 2006.) Built in 1902, the West Baden Springs Hotel became known for the dome covering its atrium. Prior to the completion of the Assembly Hall at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign in 1963, the building had the largest free-spanning dome in the United States and was the largest in the world from 1902-1913. The hotel was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974, and became a National Historic Landmark in 1987. It is also designated as a Historic Civil Engineering Landmark. West Baden Springs, Indiana West Baden Springs is

neg: West Baden Springs Hotel in Orange County that became known as French Lick and West Baden Springs. The presence of salt deposits enticed the state government to consider mining large quantities of salt for early pioneers to use in preserving meat, but when it was determined that the saline content was insufficient to support large-scale salt mining, the property was offered for sale around 1832. William A. Bowles, a local physician, purchased the land that included the mineral springs and built a small inn. Constructed around 1840–45, it developed into the French Lick Springs Hotel, a popular health resort. Bowles served as a commissioned

neg: West Baden Springs, Indiana West Baden Springs, Indiana West Baden Springs is a town in French Lick Township, Orange County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. The population was 574 at the 2010 census. It is famous for its vast majority of hotels and resorts. West Baden Springs is located in the vicinity of several mineral springs. The town was founded in the 1850s, and named after the spa towns of Wiesbaden or Baden-Baden, in Germany. A post office has been in operation at West Baden Springs since 1861. Dixie Garage, First Baptist Church, Homestead Hotel, Oxford Hotel, West Baden National Bank, and West

neg: West Baden Springs Hotel Hotel. The hotel is the setting for Michael Koryta's thriller, "So Cold the River" (2010). West Baden Springs Hotel The West Baden Springs Hotel, part of the French Lick Resort Casino, is a national historic landmark hotel in West Baden Springs, Orange County, Indiana. It is known for the dome covering its atrium. Prior to the completion of the Coliseum in Charlotte, North Carolina, in 1955, the hotel had the largest free-spanning dome in the United States. From 1902 to 1913 it had the largest in the world. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974, the hotel

neg: West Baden Springs Hotel West Baden Springs Hotel The West Baden Springs Hotel, part of the French Lick Resort Casino, is a national historic landmark hotel in West Baden Springs, Orange County, Indiana. It is known for the dome covering its atrium. Prior to the completion of the Coliseum in Charlotte, North Carolina, in 1955, the hotel had the largest free-spanning dome in the United States. From 1902 to 1913 it had the largest in the world. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974, the hotel became a National Historic Landmark in 1987. It is a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark

neg: West Baden Springs Hotel Springs Hotel totaled almost $100 million. Indiana Landmarks holds a perpetual preservation easement on the West Baden Springs Hotel that requires prior approval to make any changes to the hotel's exterior or grounds, even if ownership changes. The West Baden Springs Hotel was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 and named a National Historic Landmark in 1987. In 2008 "Condé Nast" magazine ranked the hotel twenty-first on its list of the "Top 75 Mainland U.S. Resorts." In 2009 the American Automobile Association recognized the hotel as one of the top ten historic hotels in the United

neg: West Baden Sprudels West Baden Sprudels The West Baden Sprudels were an early Negro league baseball team that played as an independent club owned by the Burnett-Pollard-Rogers Baseball Club Company, where Edward Rogers was the Chief Officer. The Sprudels appear to have been from Springs Valley, Indiana, but they often frequented baseball diamonds near the West Baden Springs Hotel in West Baden Springs, Indiana and the French Lick Springs Hotel in French Lick, Indiana. Games started between the teams between 1907 and 1908. The team was managed by C. I. Taylor from 1910 to 1913. Their name derived from a bottled water produced

neg: West Baden Springs Hotel token amount in appreciation for the $35 million already invested. Restoration of the hotel resumed in the summer of 2006. The French Lick Springs Hotel and French Lick Resort Casino opened together on November 3, 2006. A gala event on June 23, 2007, marked the reopening of the West Baden Springs Hotel, seventy-five years after it closed. The West Baden hotel's reconfigured space contained 243 rooms and suites, fewer than half of the total in the original structure. The hotel's natatorium was rebuilt using historic photographs as a guide. The total cost of the complete restoration of the West Baden

neg: West Baden Sprudels Cuban Stars, Louisville White Sox, Chicago Union Giants, Chicago Giants, French Lick Plutos, and the Brooklyn All Stars. West Baden Sprudels The West Baden Sprudels were an early Negro league baseball team that played as an independent club owned by the Burnett-Pollard-Rogers Baseball Club Company, where Edward Rogers was the Chief Officer. The Sprudels appear to have been from Springs Valley, Indiana, but they often frequented baseball diamonds near the West Baden Springs Hotel in West Baden Springs, Indiana and the French Lick Springs Hotel in French Lick, Indiana. Games started between the teams between 1907 and 1908. The team

neg: West Baden Springs Hotel subsequent bankruptcy caused the selection process to begin again. The Cook family decided to form a new company, Blue Sky, LLC, and submitted its application, before purchasing the French Lick Springs Hotel from Boykin Lodging. Blue Sky was awarded the gambling license during the summer of 2005 and stepped up the planning and permitting process for the casino. Construction of the French Lick Resort Casino and renovation of the French Lick Springs Hotel occurred simultaneously in the fall of 2005. In the spring of 2006, HLFI West Baden deeded the West Baden Springs Hotel to the Cook Group for a

neg: West Baden Springs Hotel Rooms on the inner ring offered a view of the atrium, while forty rooms on floors four and six had balconies overlooking the atrium. The hotel rooms were small by modern standards. Most had one or two twin beds and lacked a private bathroom. Over the years the West Baden hotel attracted many notable guests. Beginning in the late 1880s, when southern Indiana became a favorite destination of the wealthy, the famous, infamous, and near-famous came to relax, play golf, gamble, enjoy fine dining, and be entertained. As Chris Bundy, author of "West Baden Springs: Legacy of Dreams", explained, "These

neg: West Baden Springs Hotel States. and awarded it a four- diamond rating. A Zagat Survey in 2009 included the hotel on its list of "Top U.S. Hotels, Resorts & Spas." The National Trust for Historic Preservation has included the hotel in its Historic Hotels of America program. The American Society of Civil Engineers designated the hotel as a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark. In the 1900s and 1910s the African-American employees of the West Baden Springs Hotel played on an early Negro league baseball team called the West Baden Sprudels. They played their rivals, the French Lick Plutos of the nearby French Lick Springs

neg: French Lick Springs Hotel $122,000 in cash and $100,000 in the French Lick Springs Company's stock. Wells retained a one-quarter interest in the property until 1891, when he sold his interest to the investment group. The new owners made major improvements to the hotel, including the addition of two wings (Cliftonand Pavillion ["sic"]) to the main hotel (Windsor). They also expanded the hotel's operation from a seasonal business to a year-round resort. In 1887 the Monon Railroad built an extension of its line to transport guests to the hotels and mineral springs at French Lick and West Baden. In 1888 the hotel's owners granted

neg: West Baden Springs, Indiana was $40,357. Males had a median income of $29,444 versus $19,375 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,532. About 10.3% of families and 9.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.8% of those under age 18 and 13.5% of those age 65 or over. The historic, 243-room luxury hotel is part of the French Lick Resort Casino complex that also includes the French Lick Springs Hotel and its adjacent casino. A gala event on June 23, 2007, celebrated the reopening of the restored West Baden Springs Hotel. (The renovated French Lick Springs hotel

neg: West Baden Springs Hotel and one of the hotels in the National Trust for Historic Preservation's Historic Hotels of America program. Roaming bear and herds of deer and buffalo once visited the salt lick near the present-day site of the West Baden Springs Hotel as they traveled along the Buffalo Trace in southern Indiana. Native Americans also used the area as hunting grounds. Following the arrival of French traders and settlers in the vicinity, the site became known as French Lick. When George Rogers Clark passed through southern Indiana in 1778, he camped less than a mile from the salt licks and mineral springs

neg: West Baden Springs Hotel third year at West Baden Springs, the school's enrollment exceeded 400 students. Basketball legend Larry Bird, who was born in West Baden, held basketball clinics and staged games in the atrium. He briefly attended Northwood, after leaving Indiana University, before resuming his studies and collegiate basketball career at Indiana State University. After the school closed, H. Eugene MacDonald, a former Springs Valley resident, purchased the property from in October 1983. MacDonald, who had owned other hotels, wanted to operate the property as a hotel, but lacked the financial resources for the restoration work. He executed a sale-and-leaseback deal with Marlin

neg: West Baden Springs, Indiana Baden Springs Hotel are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. West Baden Springs is located at (38.567018, −86.611601). According to the 2010 census, West Baden Springs has a total area of , of which (or 99.27%) is land and (or 0.73%) is water. As of the census of 2010, there were 574 people, 251 households, and 149 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 303 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 93.4% White, 3.1% African American, 0.5% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 0.7% from other

neg: French Lick Plutos French Lick Plutos The French Lick Plutos were an early independent Negro league baseball club, which was based in French Lick, Indiana from 1912 to 1914. They were alternately known as the Red Devils. The Plutos were based in French Lick, Indiana at the French Lick Springs Hotel and frequented the West Baden Springs Hotel in nearby West Baden Springs, Indiana. Their name derived from a bottled water produced at the Hotel. The Hotel bordered on a local salt lick and mineral spring and the minerals from the spring made the water act as an effective and marketable natural laxative.

neg: French Lick Springs Hotel to traverse Lick Creek, and built the West Baden Springs Hotel. Competition from Lane's new hotel, which opened in the mid-1850s, began a decades-long rivalry between the two Orange County sites. In the 1860s Bowles leased the French Lick hotel to Doctor Samuel Ryan, who operated it for Bowles and the heirs of Bowles's estate following the owner's death in 1873. Joseph G. Rogers, a physician from Madison, Indiana, named the French Lick hotel's largest mineral spring Pluto's Well in 1869. (Pluto is the classical mythologyical god of the underworld.) The original French Lick hotel, which was rebuilt or enlarged

neg: West Baden Springs Hotel dining room and adjoining rooms were also completely restored. Over the next five years, the Cook Group spent another $5 million for maintenance. The reconstruction project was featured in "West Baden Springs: Save of the Century" (1999), a documentary produced by Eugene Brancolini for WTIU Public Television. It chronicled the rise, demise, and restoration of the hotel. Using historical documents, photos, and archival footage, Brancolini's documentary explained how the property regained and even surpassed its former luxury. HLFI West Baden unsuccessfully marketed the property nationally for more than five years before realizing that casino gaming would be the key to

neg: West Baden Springs Hotel their success. HLFI joined the Cook Group, Boykin Lodging (owner of the French Lick Springs Hotel), and Orange County citizens to lobby the Indiana legislature to allow casino gambling in the area. The coalition members spent so much time in Indianapolis lobbying for their cause that they became known as "The Orange Shirts", in reference to the color of their T-shirts bearing the slogan, "Save French Lick and West Baden Springs". Legislation was finally approved in 2003 and the required local referendum easily passed. The Trump Organization was initially granted the gambling license by the Indiana Gaming Commission, but Trump's

neg: Frank O'Bannon Highway west, the highways (SR 37, SR 56 and US 150) are narrow and winding. Orange County, which has a storied history—illegal gambling flourished along with the mineral springs in the early years of the 20th century in West Baden and French Lick—is in the midst of a tourism rebirth. The new French Lick Resort Casino and the restoration of both the French Lick Springs Hotel and West Baden Springs Hotel have drawn many thousands of visitors. In addition, during the winter months, Ski Paoli Peaks, a popular snow-skiing park in Paoli, also draws thousands of tourists. With additional people on

neg: West Baden Springs Hotel late 1800s, guests arrived from across the country on seven separate railroads for relaxation and the alleged curative powers of the mineral water. The area's mineral water and baths were alleged to cure more than fifty ailments. Sidewalks led from the hotel to seven numbered springs, all of which were covered by open wooden shelters. West Baden marketed water from its onsite springs under the Sprudel Water brand name. (An elf named Sprudel was also a part of its logo.) French Lick sold Pluto Water using a red devil as a part of its trademark. In 1888 an investment group

neg: Gayle Cook 400 for the year. She has restored many historic buildings. For example, she has restored the Colonel William Jones House in Gentryville (listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the Cedar Farm in Laconia, the Graham Hotel and the James Cochran House in Bloomington (the latter being on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Monroe County, Indiana), the French Lick Resort in French Lick Springs, and the West Baden Springs Hotel in West Baden Springs. She has co-written two books about historical preservation. She is also a member of the Historic Landmarks Foundation of Indiana and a

neg: First Baptist Church (West Baden Springs, Indiana) First Baptist Church (West Baden Springs, Indiana) The First Baptist Church, also known as the Negro Baptist Church and as the Elm Street Baptist Church, is a historic Baptist church located at Elm and Sinclair Sts. in West Baden Springs, Indiana. It was built in 1920, and is a one-story, rectangular, vernacular Late Gothic Revival style frame building. It features a square projecting belfry. At the time of its listing, the property was then vacant, and was owned by the West Baden Historical Society. It was deemed significant in the area of "Ethnic heritage: Black". It was listed on the

neg: First Baptist Church (West Baden Springs, Indiana) National Register of Historic Places in 1994. First Baptist Church (West Baden Springs, Indiana) The First Baptist Church, also known as the Negro Baptist Church and as the Elm Street Baptist Church, is a historic Baptist church located at Elm and Sinclair Sts. in West Baden Springs, Indiana. It was built in 1920, and is a one-story, rectangular, vernacular Late Gothic Revival style frame building. It features a square projecting belfry. At the time of its listing, the property was then vacant, and was owned by the West Baden Historical Society. It was deemed significant in the area of "Ethnic

neg: West Baden Springs Hotel in 1966 and returned to the Chicago area. During their time at West Baden the Jesuits established a cemetery for the seminary's priests that received thirty-nine interments. When the Jesuits sold the facility, they retained ownership of the cemetery land, which the Catholic church in French Lick agreed to maintain. On November 2, 1966, the Jesuits sold the property to Macauley and Helen Dow Whiting, who donated it to Northwood Institute, a private, coeducational college founded in Midland, Michigan. The former hotel/Jesuit seminary was operated as a satellite campus of Northwood's business management school from 1968 to 1983. By its

neg: French Lick Springs Hotel French Lick's spring water, trademarked as Pluto Water, was served to guests at the hotel's Pluto Bar, just off the main entrance. The water was bottled at a plant across the street from the hotel for consumption on the property and for commercial distribution nationally and internationally. Pluto Water's slogan, "If Nature Won't, Pluto Will," promoted its effectiveness as a laxative. Chris Bundy, author of "West Baden Springs: Legacy of Dreams", explained that in their heyday from the 1880s to the 1920s the resort hotels at French Lick and West Baden "were the Disney World of their time. In those

neg: Frank Hanly breaking the law by establishing a "Monte Carlo." In July 1906 he ordered the state police to raid French Lick and West Baden, and seized several slot machines, roulette wheels, poker sets, playing cards, Klondike tables, gambling records, dice, and a whole host of other gambling implements. He brought suit against the corporations operating the French Lick Springs Hotel and the West Baden Springs Hotel seeking to seize their properties for profiting from illegal activities. John Kerns, who Hanly defeated for governor in 1904, represented the hotels. The case dragged on until after Hanly left office. In 1910 an Orange

neg: French Lick Springs Hotel for a riverboat casino to The Trump Organization, headed by businessman Donald Trump, but a variety of reasons caused the selection process to begin again. A partnership of business interests from within Indiana, including billionaire Bill Cook, submitted an application for a gambling license before purchasing the French Lick Springs Hotel from Boykin Lodging. The partnership was awarded the license during the summer of 2005. (Cook later bought out the partners after a legal dispute.) The French Lick Resort Casino complex includes the French Lick Springs Hotel, adjacent casino, and the nearby West Baden Springs Hotel. The French Lick hotel

neg: French Lick Springs Hotel used as casino in the early twentieth century, although the building as identified in promotional materials as a place for bowling and dice games. Taggart denied any connections to illegal gambling operations. In 1904 Indiana's Republican governor, Frank Hanly, instigated a raid at the hotel and seized its gambling equipment. The state brought suit against Taggart, French Lick's owner, and Lee Sinclair, owner of the West Baden Springs Hotel, but the court case bogged down when Hanley's Democrat successor, Thomas R. Marshall, became Indiana's governor in 1908 and the suite was dropped. After the raid, gambling operations moved offsite to

neg: West Baden Springs Hotel called Sinclair and Rhodes, which included Lee Wiley Sinclair from Salem, Indiana, and E. R. Rhodes, acquired the West Baden hotel and of land for $23,000. Although the hotel was destroyed by fire in 1891, it was rebuilt, and over the next several years Sinclair bought his partners' interest in the hotel and became its sole owner. Sinclair turned the facility into a Advertised as the Carlsbad of America, the cosmopolitan resort included a casino, an opera house, and a covered, two-deck, one-third-mile oval bicycle and pony track. A lighted baseball diamond in the center of the track was used

neg: French Lick Springs Hotel numerous others. Although casino gambling at French Lick and West Baden Springs was illegal under Indiana law until the early 2000s, it flourished in the area from the early 1900s until the mid-1940s, during the Taggart family's management of the resort. Thomas Taggart disassociated himself with any connection to gambling establishments, but there were several casinos in operation within Orange County, including Ed Ballard's casino at West Baden Springs, Al Brown's casino as French Lick, and one named The Gorge, among several others. A two-story, wood-framed structure in the middle of the French Lick hotel's Japanese gardens may have been

neg: Northwood University as Northwood Institute in 1959 by Arthur E. Turner and R. Gary Stauffer. One hundred students enrolled at the new school, which was initially located in a 19th-century mansion in Alma, Michigan. Northwood Institute moved to Midland, Michigan, in 1961. The Jesuits operated a seminary known as "West Baden College" at the former West Baden Springs Hotel, in Orange County, Indiana, from 1934 until June 1964, when declining enrollment forced the closure of the facility. They sold the property to a Michigan couple, who in turn donated it to Northwood Institute, which operated a satellite campus of their business management

neg: West Baden Springs Hotel To cater to their well-heeled clientele, the hotel's facilities also included a bank and a stock brokerage. A trolley transported guests from the hotel's front door to nearby French Lick. Some early advertisements claimed the hotel had more than 700 rooms, but most sources report the total was around 500. The main building contained six floors. The ground floor held the lobby, hotel management offices, the dining area, shops and meeting rooms; saunas and mineral baths were located on the top floor; guest rooms, built in two concentric circles around the atrium, were located on the second through fifth floors.

neg: West Baden Springs Hotel at the hotel-hospital. The Wexfords divorced in 1922, and Lillian sold the property to Ballard for $1 million in 1923. Half the money repaid the debt owed to Ballard; Lillian she kept the remainder. Business at the hotel boomed in the 1920s; however, as ownership of automobiles increased and tourism destinations in Florida and the western United States became more popular, West Baden declined despite Ballard's efforts to attract more guests with trade shows and conventions. The Wall Street Crash of 1929 began a downward spiral for the hotel. As word of the plummeting stock market spread, people congregated in

neg: Pence Springs, West Virginia throughout the nation when its water won the silver medal at the Worlds Fair in St. Lewis in 1904. Mr. Pence Built a large hotel which could not accommodate all the guests so other smaller hotels were built, one of these was the Lahey Boarding House. The Pence Springs Hotel Burned in the early 1900s and the Pence Springs Company, consisting of Andrew Pence and Mr T. Davis built the Pence Springs Hotel which still stands today. This structure was used for the State Prison for Women from the 1940s to the 1980s. The first school was called The Mays

neg: West Baden Springs Hotel unsafe, and closed. During the winter of 1991 ice built up on the roof and in drainpipes lead to the partial collapse of an exterior wall. In 1992 the National Trust for Historic Preservation listed the hotel as one of America's most endangered places and the Historic Landmarks Foundation of Indiana matched an anonymous $70,000 donation to pay for work to stabilize the main structure. Tie rods were installed, the roof was patched, drainage was improved on roof parapets, and the structure around the partially collapsed wall was secured. HLFI also created promotional materials to help find a buyer and

neg: History of modern period domes St. John the Divine in New York City was built by the son in 1909. A part-spherical dome, it measures 30 meters in diameter from the top of its merging pendentives, where steel rods embedded in concrete act as a restraining ring. With an average thickness 1/250th of its span, and steel rods also embedded within the pendentives, the dome "looked forward to modern shell construction in reinforced concrete." Domes built with steel and concrete were able to achieve very large spans. The West Baden Springs Hotel in Indiana was built in 1903 with the largest span dome in the

neg: West Baden Springs Hotel of $250,000 from HLFI West Baden, Inc., a new affiliate of HLFI, using funds provided by an anonymous donor. Bill Cook, a billionaire entrepreneur, and his wife, Gayle, from Bloomington, Indiana, have been involved with several historic preservation projects. The Cook Group initiated efforts to stabilize the hotel's structural integrity and begin exterior restoration during the summer of 1996. The thirty-month first phase of the project was completed in early 1999 at a cost of $30 million—two-and-a-half times their initial commitment. In addition to the exteriors of the hotel and outbuildings, the garden was recreated, and the interior atrium, lobby,

neg: West Baden Springs Hotel promoted the establishment of a local zoning and redevelopment commission. Minnesota Investment Partners purchased the property in May 1994 for $500,000 from the bankruptcy receiver. Grand Casinos, Inc., an MIP investor, provided the funding and held an option on the hotel, but was unsuccessful in its efforts to pass "Boat on a Moat" legislation in 1995 to extend riverboat gambling to a proposed man-made lake adjacent to the hotel. When Grand Casinos walked away from their option, MIP tried to sell the property for $800,000, but a year passed with no interest. In July 1996 MIP accepted a purchase offer

neg: West Baden Springs Hotel entertainer Eva Tanguay were also guests. Professional baseball teams that included the Chicago Cubs, Cincinnati Reds, Philadelphia Phillies, Pittsburgh Pirates, St. Louis Browns and St. Louis Cardinals held spring training in the region. Minor renovations to the property began in 1913, but a fire on February 11, 1917, destroyed the hotel's bottling plant, opera house, bowling alley and hospital, forcing their replacement. Several years prior to the fires, hotel owner Lee Sinclair's health began to fail and his daughter, Lillian, and her husband, Charles Rexford, took over the hotel's operation. When Sinclair died in 1916, management of the hotel was

neg: West Baden Springs Hotel at the springs were replaced with brick structures, and a sunken garden was created with a fountain featuring an angel. Edward Ballard, who financed the hotel's improvements, began his career as a bowling alley worker in the hotel, but made a fortune by operating an illegal gambling business in the area. Ballard also owned several nationally recognized touring circuses, including the Hagenbeck-Wallace Circus. Between 1918 and 1919, while the hotel was being refurbished, it served as a U.S. Army hospital for wounded soldiers returning from World War I. Lillian Wexford and Lieutenant Charles Cooper fell in love during his stay

neg: William A. Bowles French Lick. (Lane later changed the name of Mile Lick to West Baden.) Lane built the first hotel at West Baden, Indiana, beginning a long-standing rivalry between Bowles's hotel at French Lick and Lane's establishment at West Baden. The original hotels are no longer extant, but resort hotels continue to operate at both locations, slightly more than a mile apart. In 1846 Bowles was one of several men who helped organize a local militia company to fight in the Mexican–American War, the result of federal legislation such as the Wilmot Proviso. His company was assigned to the 2nd Indiana Volunteer

neg: Cook Group and serves 135 countries. Other companies include also the manufacturers K-Tube and Cook Polymer Technology. Cook owns CFC Properties, a property development company that owns residential and commercial properties in Bloomington as well as Fountain Square Mall and Grant Street Inn. Cook also restored and owns French Lick Resort, which includes the historic West Baden Springs Hotel and the French Lick Springs Hotel. On October 24, 2017 Catalent completed its acquisition of Cook Pharmica LLC. Cook Group Cook Group Incorporated is an American privately held company based in Bloomington, Indiana, and primarily involved in manufacturing of medical devices. It was

neg: French Lick Resort Casino on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974, and became a National Historic Landmark in 1987. It is also designated as a Historic Civil Engineering Landmark. In 2008 readers of "Condé Nast Traveler" ranked the West Baden Springs Hotel twenty-first on its list of the top resorts on the United States mainland. The casino complex includes three golf courses: the Valley Course, the Hill Course, and the Pete Dye Golf Course at French Lick. Beginning in the early twentieth century, when golf was gaining popularity, the French Lick hotel began to expand its modest golf facilities. Valley Course, the

neg: Red Sulphur Springs, West Virginia Red Sulphur Springs, West Virginia Red Sulphur Springs is an unincorporated community in Monroe County, West Virginia, USA. It once boasted the Red Sulphur Springs Hotel. It is located on West Virginia Route 12, close to Indian Creek. Red Sulphur Springs was known as a watering place since 1800. The springs were purchased by Dr. William Burke of Richmond in 1830, who built a hotel to accommodate up to 350 guests. Among the notable guests to the springs were Chief Justice of the Supreme Court Roger Taney and Francis Scott Key. The resort was disrupted by the Civil War. Ownership

neg: Shannondale Springs Shannondale Springs Shannondale Springs, is a former American resort associated with mineral springs on the bank of the Shenandoah River upstream from Harpers Ferry, West Virginia. The water from the main spring was reputed to have mild laxative qualities, while other springs had a sulfurous odor. The resort began in 1820 with the construction of 10 to 12 wood cottages, and a two-story hotel was added the next year. The hotel and some of the cottages burned in 1858. After the Civil War several new brick cottages were built and a new hotel was built on the site of the

neg: Kingston Springs Hotel and Buildings Kingston Springs Hotel and Buildings The Kingston Springs Hotel and Buildings is a historic hotel complex in Kingston Springs, Tennessee. It was rebuilt in the 1890s, surrounded by original 1860 cottages. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The main hotel building was erected in the 1890s by Matt F. Allen on the site of a former hotel built by Emanuel Kreider in 1849. The first hotel burned down in the late 1880s, but thirteen cottages dating back to 1860 survived the fire. The hotel complex was acquired by W. C. West and A. E. Beard in

neg: West Baden Springs Hotel Properties, a Los Angeles historical renovation developer, for $1.5 million, but a $250,000 payment from Marlin was returned for nonsufficient funds in 1985. Before MacDonald could begin foreclosure proceedings, Marlin declared bankruptcy and the hotel's ownership was tied up in litigation for nearly a decade. The Jesuits and Northwood's owners maintained the building's structure, leaving it in reasonably good shape when MacDonald purchased it in 1983. The property was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1987, but Marlin failed to preserve the building while it was in bankruptcy. Visitors continued to tour the structure until 1989, when it was declared

neg: Bogg Springs Hotel Bogg Springs Hotel The Bogg Springs Hotel is a historic hotel in rural Polk County, Arkansas. Built in 1904-07, it is the only surviving element of a summer resort that thrived in the area in the 1920s. It is now part of a missionary camp run by the Baptist church. It is located at the western end of Arkansas Highway 84, west of Wickes. The building is a two-story wood frame structure, ten bays wide, with vernacular styling. A single-story porch extends across the west-facing front, and a kitchen ell projects to the rear. The hotel building was listed on

neg: West Baden Springs Hotel the brokerage firm's offices at the hotel to confirm the news. Within hours the guests began to depart. Ballard kept the facility open for more than two years, but few people stayed in luxury hotels during the Great Depression. Ballard finally closed the hotel in June 1932, but refused to sell it to anyone who planned to turn it into a speakeasy that offered gambling and other vices. In 1934 he donated the $7 million resort to the Society of Jesus (Jesuits). Beginning in 1934 the Jesuits began renovating the property to convert it into an austere seminary named West

neg: Webster Springs, West Virginia Elk River; Tracy Well, located on the lot of its owner, W.B. Tracy, in Webster Springs; and the William Smith Well, located in Dorrtown. The wells were popular because people believed that the water from the wells had medicinal qualities. The water was used to treat skin conditions such as psoriasis, eczema, acne and arthritis. In 1897, Senator Johnson Newlon Camden had built a 265-room hotel of Victorian style architecture, which was larger than The Greenbrier Hotel built in 1913, which only has 250 rooms, named the Webster Springs Hotel. The hotel contained a tennis court, horse stables, garden, bowling

neg: West Baden Springs Hotel officer in the U.S. Army during the Mexican–American War. Before his departure for military service in 1846, Bowles signed a five-year lease with John A. Lane, a physician/patent medicine salesman, who agreed to enlarge and improve the facility at French Lick. The business deal would allow Bowles to enjoy an improved facility with the potential for increased business at the lease's end, and Lane would make a potential profit from his investment. Part of Bowles' land included the mineral springs known as Mile Lick, north of French Lick. Much of the property surrounding the Mile Lick springs was marshy, subject

neg: West Baden Springs Hotel hotels were the Disney World of their time. In those days, it was assumed that if you could afford to come to America [for vacation], you would go to French Lick. It was that well-known overseas." Paul Dresser composed Indiana's state song "On the Banks of the Wabash, Far Away" at the hotel. Boxers John L. Sullivan and James J. Corbett trained there. Diamond Jim Brady and Al Capone and his bodyguards were frequent guests. Politicians who visited the hotel included Chicago's mayor, "Big Bill" Thompson, and New York's governor, Al Smith. General John J. Pershing, writer George Ade, and

neg: Webster Springs, West Virginia alley, power plant, and Russian and Turkish baths, where visitors could enjoy the "medicinal" qualities of its salt sulfur waters. The hotel was also the largest wood frame hotel in West Virginia. When first built, the hotel was a three-story dark colored building. After it was completed, construction began on a new, much larger section of the hotel, adding more rooms, and a new exterior color, white. The new section of the hotel contained up-to-date Turkish bath equipment, where guests could have a sulfur water bath. For many years, filled to capacity by guests and a greatly increased overflow which

neg: West Baden Springs Hotel Baden College, an affiliate of Loyola University Chicago, and most of the hotel's luxurious fixtures, furnishings, and decorations were removed. The lobby was converted into a chapel with the addition of French doors and stained-glass windows. The former hotel's four Moorish towers were removed from the exterior after they fell into disrepair. Truckloads of stone were dumped into the mineral spring pools, then capped with concrete and turned into shrines for the saints. The seminary operated for thirty years, but was closed following the 1963–64 school year due to low enrollment and escalating maintenance costs. The Jesuits sold the property

neg: Ashland Springs Hotel Ashland Springs Hotel The Ashland Springs Hotel is a historic hotel in Ashland, Oregon, United States. Built in 1925, it was formerly known as the Mark Antony Motor Hotel or the Lithia Springs Hotel. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. The Ashland Springs Hotel is a member of Historic Hotels of America, the official program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation. The hotel was built before the Great Depression, originally as the Litha Springs Hotel. It was built as a first-class hotel to draw visitors to the area, designed by the architectural firm

neg: On the Banks of the Wabash, Far Away satisfaction. It is believed that Dresser began "Wabash" in New York City in April 1897; continued working on it in May, when he was on vacation at West Baden Springs, Indiana; and completed the ballad in Chicago, while staying at the Auditorium Hotel in the summer of 1897. It is believed that the song's first public performance took place at the Alhambra Theater in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, probably in June 1897. After "professional copies" (printed samples of the sheet music) of the song were released in July, the final version was published in October as part of a series of "mother-and-home"

neg: Carl Cook his late father William Cook. He then worked at the Cook Group pacemaker division in Leechburg, Pennsylvania and in their Winston-Salem plant. On January 5, 2008, Cook married Marcy Heshelman at the West Baden Springs Hotel, having met her when she was working in Cook Inc's auditing department. She grew up in Greene County, Indiana. They live in Bloomington, Indiana. They have a daughter. Carl Cook Carl Cook (born November 10, 1962) is an American businessman. He is CEO of the Cook Group, a medical device company that was co-founded by his parents. His personal wealth is estimated at over

neg: Botetourt Springs, Virginia between 1818 and 1826. Around 1820, Johnston built a hotel and cottages around the spring, naming it Botetourt Springs after the county in which it was located. Jackson was a visitor, as was Lafayette in 1824. With the increase in travel on the road west, the hotel and its springs stayed popular through the 1830s. Johnston died in 1833 and was buried on the property. By 1839, with the opening of other hotels in the area, the popularity of Botetourt Springs ebbed and it was closed in 1839. Johnston's nephew, Edward Johnston, bought the property and converted the hotel to

neg: Original Springs Hotel and Bathhouse Original Springs Hotel and Bathhouse The Original Springs Hotel and Bathhouse is a mineral spa located at 506 N. Hanover St. in Okawville, Illinois. The resort was established in 1867, when founder Rudolph Plegge discovered the presence of minerals like magnesium and sulfur in his well water. Plegge and his neighbor C. H. Kelle built a bathhouse on his land; after the bathhouse burned in an 1892 fire, the current hotel and bathhouse were built. During the late 19th century, mineral spring resorts became popular due to their purported health benefits, and several new spas opened alongside the Original Springs

neg: Crown Hotel (Siloam Springs, Arkansas) Crown Hotel (Siloam Springs, Arkansas) The Crown Hotel, formerly the Lakeside Hotel is a historic hotel building at 119 West University Street in Siloam Springs, Arkansas. It is a two-story brick building in an L shape, with a hip roof topped by a low cupola. It is distinguished by the brickwork at the roofline, and by the delicately spindled two-story porch that wraps around two sides of the building. Built in 1881, just one year after the city's founding, it is one of the city's oldest commercial buildings, and may have been its first brick hotel. The building was listed

neg: Bogg Springs Hotel the National Register of Historic Places in 1993. Bogg Springs Hotel The Bogg Springs Hotel is a historic hotel in rural Polk County, Arkansas. Built in 1904-07, it is the only surviving element of a summer resort that thrived in the area in the 1920s. It is now part of a missionary camp run by the Baptist church. It is located at the western end of Arkansas Highway 84, west of Wickes. The building is a two-story wood frame structure, ten bays wide, with vernacular styling. A single-story porch extends across the west-facing front, and a kitchen ell projects to

neg: White Sulphur Springs station White Sulphur Springs station White Sulphur Springs is a railway station in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia, served by Amtrak, the national passenger railway. The station is a stop on Amtrak's "Cardinal" route. The station was built in 1930 or 1931 by the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (C&O) to serve passengers on the new Pullman rail coaches to the resort hotel. The current brick building replaced a wooden structure that was built in the early 1900s. It is directly across from the entrance to The Greenbrier Hotel grounds. The original cottages that eventually expanded to a resort property known as

neg: West Baden Springs Hotel year. Most building professionals rejected the idea of a dome, but Harrison Albright an architect from West Virginia, designed the building. Oliver Wescott, a bridge engineer, designed the dome's trusses. To complete the structure before the first anniversary of the fire, a 500-man crew worked six days a week in ten-hour shifts for 270 days at a total cost of $414,000. The new hotel opened on September 15, 1902, to rave reviews. Its formal dedication took place on April 16, 1903, with Indiana governor Winfield T. Durbin and U.S. Senator Charles W. Fairbanks delivering speeches at the event. Advertisements called

neg: West Baden Springs Hotel it the Eighth Wonder of the World. Hotel amenities included a gambling casino and live theater performance every night, as well as opera, concerts, movies, bowling, and billiards. Palm trees grew in the huge atrium, where birds had free range and guests relaxed on overstuffed furniture grouped in clusters under the dome. The massive fireplace in the atrium could accommodate logs as long as . Outdoors, guests had their choice of a natatorium, two golf courses, horseback riding, baseball, several hiking trails, or bicycling on a covered, double-decked oval track. (At , the track was the largest in the country.)

neg: West Baden Springs Hotel left in the hands of the Rexfords. Charles Rexford opposed any major enhancements, but Lillian ignored his wishes and began a major restoration of the hotel in a Greco-Roman architectural style. Between 1917 and 1919, Italian artisans installed a mosaic terrazzo tile floor composed of two million one-inch squares of marble in the atrium. The atrium fireplace was refaced with glazed ceramic tiles from the Rookwood Pottery Company. Marble wainscotting was added to the atrium's ground level walls, while the brick support columns were wrapped with canvas and painted to resemble marble. Outside, an elaborate veranda was constructed. Wooden shelters

neg: Red Sulphur Springs Hotel Red Sulphur Springs Hotel The Red Sulphur Springs Hotel was an old spring resort in the small community of Red Sulphur Springs, West Virginia. It held a social event every evening. The last event held at the hotel was a dance. When a person died, to keep the hotel reputation, they secretly took the dead to a cemetery, about two miles away. Many markers in this cemetery have no name on them. The hotel opened in 1832 and closed in 1917. At one time Martin Van Buren, the president of the United States, came to the hotel. The owner at

neg: Red Sulphur Springs Hotel one time was Levi Morton, Vice President under Benjamin Harrison.In 1917 the hotel closed and was dismantled. There is only a small concrete base where the pavilion once stood. Red Sulphur Springs Hotel The Red Sulphur Springs Hotel was an old spring resort in the small community of Red Sulphur Springs, West Virginia. It held a social event every evening. The last event held at the hotel was a dance. When a person died, to keep the hotel reputation, they secretly took the dead to a cemetery, about two miles away. Many markers in this cemetery have no name on

neg: Chalybeate Springs Hotel hotel was in use until 1913. In 1946, it was restored and refurbished. It operated as a hotel until 1956, when it was converted to apartments. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. Chalybeate Springs Hotel Chalybeate Springs Hotel, also known as The Chalybeate, is a historic 19th and early-20th century resort hotel located at Bedford Township in Bedford County, Pennsylvania. It consists of the original two-story, three-bay Federal-style brick dwelling built about 1851. In 1867, the front wing of the hotel was added. It is a two-story, brick structure with front and rear porches

neg: Harrison Albright Harrison Albright Harrison Albright (May 17, 1866 – January 3, 1932) was an American architect best known for his innovative design of the West Baden Springs Hotel in Orange County, Indiana, which boasted the largest free-spanning dome in the world at the time of its construction. Born in the Ogontz neighborhood of North Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Albright was educated in the local public schools and at the Peirce College of Business and Spring Garden Institute in Philadelphia. In 1886, he began his architecture business designing residential and public projects in Philadelphia. He moved to Charleston, West Virginia in 1891 and was

neg: Outspan Hotel Baron Baden-Powell and his wife Olave Baden-Powell retired to the Outspan Hotel (Baden-Powell once remarked "closer to Nyeri, closer to bliss"). He bought a share of Walker's hotel business to pay for his one-room cottage (named "Paxtu" and now home to a Scouting museum) in the hotel grounds. Baden-Powell died on 8 January 1941 and is buried at St Peter's Cemetery in Nyeri. The hunter Jim Corbett also lived there. Outspan Hotel The Outspan Hotel is in Nyeri, Kenya. It was built up from an old farm by Eric Sherbrooke Walker in the 1920s. Walker had purchased approximately of Crown

neg: The Broadmoor spent $2 million () building the resort, it opened in 1918. A polo field was built west of the hotel in 1928. The Broadmoor Riding Arena was built across Cheyenne Lake from the main hotel in 1930. The Broadmoor's hangar was built in 1930 at the Colorado Springs Airport, east of the city, for the guests' use. In 1942, the resort sold the hangar to the city of Colorado Springs. The Broadmoor Ice Palace, an Olympic training center, opened on January 1, 1938 on the resort grounds. It held a total of fourteen National Sports Festivals, World Figure Skating Championship,

neg: Park Hotel (Hot Springs, Arkansas) name also detailed. A porch wraps around the hotel's entrances. The Park Hotel was built during a period of growth in Hot Springs, including several other buildings designed by the same firm. The Riviera Hotel and Wade Clinic, as well as several residential structures and churches were built during this period. President Harry Truman was known to frequent the hotel, preferring room 401, a corner room with a view of the Hot Springs Grand Promenade. Park Hotel (Hot Springs, Arkansas) The Park Hotel is a seven-story hotel in downtown Hot Springs, Arkansas near Bathhouse Row within Hot Springs National Park.

neg: Crown Hotel (Siloam Springs, Arkansas) on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. Crown Hotel (Siloam Springs, Arkansas) The Crown Hotel, formerly the Lakeside Hotel is a historic hotel building at 119 West University Street in Siloam Springs, Arkansas. It is a two-story brick building in an L shape, with a hip roof topped by a low cupola. It is distinguished by the brickwork at the roofline, and by the delicately spindled two-story porch that wraps around two sides of the building. Built in 1881, just one year after the city's founding, it is one of the city's oldest commercial buildings, and may have

neg: Sulphur Springs, Alabama Sulphur Springs, Alabama Sulphur Springs is an unincorporated community in DeKalb County, in the U.S. state of Alabama. The community was founded as a stop on the Alabama Great Southern Railroad. It was once home to the Alabama White Sulphur Springs Hotel, an 80-room hotel, which also included six cottages, built by Col. A. B. Hanna in 1871. The hotel remained in operation until 1929, when it and the surrounding property were donated to the YWCA of Chattanooga. It was operated as Camp Elizabeth Lupton by the YWCA until 1953. The community was named for the springs of sulphur water

neg: Grand Union Hotel (Saratoga Springs, New York) of veal, tomato sauce, breaded lamp chops, broiled pigeons, a la Americans, stewed mutton with potatoes, casserole de Ris a la Finacore, macaroni Italian style. Pastries included pineapple pie, apple pie, charlotte russe a la vanilla, and deserts were raisins, almonds, walnuts, nuts, nutmeg, melons, oranges, apples, and watermelons. In the 1840s, the United States hotel was built by Elias Benedict. For many years, Union Hall and Congress Hall were the most spectacular hotels in Saratoga Springs. When the United States Hotel was built, it passed the Union Hotel in prestige and beauty. The hotel industry was incredibly competitive, and

neg: Keene Springs Hotel Keene Springs Hotel The Keene Springs Hotel is a rambling wood-frame, two-story Greek Revival-style building built in sections in 1841 by Mason Singleton, Jr. in the hamlet of Keene, near Nicholasville, Kentucky in Jessamine County. He and his wife Nancy owned and operated the hotel and tavern as a resort destination for the white sulphur springs nearby. During the cholera epidemic of 1848–1849 and outbreaks in the early 1850s, residents of Lexington came to the hotel to try to escape the spread of disease in the city. The Singletons operated the hotel until 1857, when they sold it to Alfred

neg: Ellerbe Springs Hotel Ellerbe Springs Hotel Ellerbe Springs Hotel is a historic rural resort hotel located near Ellerbe, Richmond County, North Carolina. It was built about 1875, and is a two-story, three part, rambling frame dwelling in the Late Victorian style. It consists of a five bay central block with five bay flanking wings and steep hipped roofs. It features a one-story, wraparound porch. Also on the property is a contributing late-19th century dance pavilion. The hotel developed around a mineral spring. Eleanor Roosevelt was a visitor to the site in 1940, when she spoke of the president's National Youth Administration program. It

neg: Dr. Fred Stone Sr. Hospital 1900s, Oliver Springs was a small mountain town focused primarily on a lavish mineral springs resort known as the Oliver Springs Resort Hotel and coal mining activities at the base of the Cumberland Plateau to the west. A German-born physician, Henry Sienknecht, acquired a plot of land that included the later Stone hospital lot, and opened a general store which still stands near the hospital. When Sienknecht died in 1916, his daughter Ella and son-in-law Dr. Jesse Thaxton Hayes inherited the property. Around 1920, Hayes built a two-story clinic (the original section of the Stone hospital) on this property, and

neg: Keene Springs Hotel County from 1825 to 1849 and 1850 to 1874. Mason Singleton, Jr. and his wife Nancy (Lafon) Singleton had the hotel built to attract travelers. The main part was styled as a Greek Revival wood-frame house. A two-story extension with additional rooms was added to the west. During the 1840s and 1850s, the hotel attracted residents from Lexington, about five miles to the northeast, as a resort destination. The discovery of white sulphur water nearby about 1848 increased its desirability as a destination. Visitors came for what were believed to be the medicinal qualities of the springs. The hotel and

neg: Baden, Switzerland springs, which given Baden its name, lie north of downtown and number about 20. They vary in temperature from . Baden is first attested in Roman sources as ("Waters of the Helvetii"). Hippocrates had counseled against the use of water from mineral springs, but by the time of Vitruvius, Pliny, and Galen they were being selectively employed for certain ailments. In addition to their medical use, the Romans also revered natural springs for recreational and religious use. Tacitus mentions the town obliquely, describing it as "a place built up into a semblance of a town... much used for its healthful

neg: Iron Springs, Colorado advertisement, the Iron Springs Hotel was located very near the Ute Iron Springs and has been entirely rebuilt and decorated with the "handsomest" furnishings. Charles A. Hubert was the proprietor of the hotel. It was burned in July 1882. In 1884, the large Iron Springs Hotel was built by the Gillis Brothers for the Manitou Iron Springs Company. It was located on Ruxton Avenue at the site of the current Manitou Incline trailhead. The Gillis Brothers also had several cottages built on Ruxton that year. In 1885, the hotel began using a generator, installed by the Edison Incandescent Lighting Company.

neg: Blue Springs, Missouri a leading figure in the community's development. He established the first post office in 1845, naming it after the well-known springs. The settlement continued to grow near the springs until 1878, when the Chicago and Alton Railroad announced plans to build a station about one mile east of the original settlement. To take advantage of the commerce the railroad would bring, the town moved its center to the site of the new station and continued its development as a rural trading center. The Chicago & Alton Hotel built in 1878, located on Main Street west of the railroad tracks is

neg: Bedford County, Pennsylvania developed as a trading center on the way to Pittsburgh and farther west of Pennsylvania. In 1794 President George Washington came to the county in response to the Whiskey Rebellion. In the late 19th century, the Bedford Springs Hotel became an important site for wealthy vacationers. It was built near natural springs that had been important to the Native Americans for hundreds of years. During the administration of President James Buchanan, he moved much of his administration to the hotel, which became the informal summer White House. The U.S. Supreme Court met at the hotel once. It was the only

neg: Mentone Springs Hotel Mentone Springs Hotel The Mentone Springs Hotel was a hotel in Mentone, Alabama. It was the last remaining large-scale resort hotel in Alabama from the late 19th century. The hotel burned to the ground after an electrical fire on March 1, 2014. The hotel was built from 1884–87 by J. Frank Caldwell, a physician from Pennsylvania who had vacationed in the area. On the property are two springs, Mineral Springs and Beauty Springs. The hotel and town were named after the French resort town of Menton. The area gained in popularity among tourists in the 1890s, due largely to the

neg: History of slavery in West Virginia Whether the perfection of the management arises from perseverance in method, or efficient servants, the result is certainly admirable." Sweet Springs in Monroe County had buildings designed by William B. Phillips, who had assisted Thomas Jefferson in the building of the University of Virginia. Frame structures were provided for slaves and livery. It was one of the oldest resorts in West Virginia, the first hotel having been built there in 1792. The hotel was forbidden from selling strong drink to any freedman or slave. Other popular resorts and spas during the era of slavery were Salt Sulphur Springs, Red Sulphur

neg: Puyehue Hot Springs five different sources with water temperatures ranging from . Nearby attractions include and the Antillanca ski resort. The baths’ origins date back to 1907 when a consortium led by was formed to improve the facilities at the hot springs. By 1910, a hotel had been built with capacity for 100 guests and an old steamboat transported visitors from the town of El Desague (now known as Entre Lagos) across Puyehue Lake to Puyehue Beach. The steamboat ran for more than 30 years. In the 1940s, a new hotel, Gran Hotel Puyehue was built over 2.65 hectares to provide more modern

neg: Devonshire Royal Hospital Tay Bridge disaster occurred on 28 December 1879, and so the number of arms was revised upwards. Included in Rippon Duke's design what was the world's largest unsupported dome with a diameter of ; it surpassed that of the Pantheon () and St Peter's Basilica () in Rome, and St Paul's Cathedral (). Overtaken by the West Baden Springs Hotel designed by Harrison Albright in 1902 (), the record is now routinely surpassed today by space frame domes, such as the Georgia Dome (), but the Devonshire is still the largest unsupported dome in the UK. The dome has a

neg: Orkney Springs Hotel Orkney Springs Hotel Orkney Springs Hotel is a historic resort spa complex located at Orkney Springs, Shenandoah County, Virginia. The oldest building, known as Maryland House, was built in 1853, and is a two-story, rectangular stuccoed frame building. It is faced on all sides by double galleries. The main hotel building, known as Virginia House, was built between 1873 and 1876. It is a four-story, stuccoed frame, "H"-shaped building measuring 100 feet by 165 feet and features a three-story verandah. The hotel contains 175 bedrooms . The remaining contributing resources are the three-story Pennsylvania House (1867), seven identical two-story, six-room,

neg: St. Clair Springs, Alabama Register of Historic Places in 1976 and includes 23 structures. The majority of houses are small Victorian cottages originally built as summer homes. St. Clair Springs, Alabama St. Clair Springs is an unincorporated community and historic district in St. Clair County, Alabama, United States. Beginning in the 1840s, people came to the area to camp around the springs. A four-room tavern was built sometime before the Civil War. In 1875, the St. Clair Springs Hotel was built near the springs, and several private homes were built in the 1880s. The hotel closed in 1902, but was soon replaced by the