query: where was the hindenburg scheduled to fly and how many passengers were on the british airship

pos: Hindenburg disaster Hindenburg disaster The "Hindenburg" disaster occurred on May 6, 1937, in Manchester Township, New Jersey, United States. The German passenger airship LZ 129 "Hindenburg" caught fire and was destroyed during its attempt to dock with its mooring mast at Naval Air Station Lakehurst. On board were 97 people (36 passengers and 61 crewmen); there were 36 fatalities (13 passengers and 22 crewmen, 1 worker on the ground). The disaster was the subject of spectacular newsreel coverage, photographs, and Herbert Morrison's recorded radio eyewitness reports from the landing field, which were broadcast the next day. A variety of hypotheses have been

pos: Airship the operation was almost profitable. In the mid-1930s work started to build an airship designed specifically to operate a passenger service across the Atlantic. The "Hindenburg" (LZ 129) completed a successful 1936 season, carrying passengers between Lakehurst, New Jersey and Germany. 1937 started with the most spectacular and widely remembered airship accident. Approaching the Lakehurst mooring mast minutes before landing on 6 May 1937, the "Hindenburg" burst into flames and crashed. Of the 97 people aboard, 36 died: 13 passengers, 22 aircrew, and one American ground-crewman. The disaster happened before a large crowd, was filmed and a radio news reporter

pos: Hindenburg disaster it is marked with a chain-outlined pad and bronze plaque where the airship's gondola landed. It was dedicated on May 6, 1987, the 50th anniversary of the disaster. Hangar No.1, which still stands, is where the airship was to be housed after landing. It was designated a Registered National Historic Landmark in 1968. Pre-registered tours are held through the Navy Lakehurst Historical Society. Notes Citations Bibliography Hindenburg disaster The "Hindenburg" disaster occurred on May 6, 1937, in Manchester Township, New Jersey, United States. The German passenger airship LZ 129 "Hindenburg" caught fire and was destroyed during its attempt to dock

pos: Zeppelin and within seconds, the "Hindenburg" burst into flames, killing 35 of the 97 people on board and 1 member of the ground crew. The cause of the fire has not been definitively determined. The investigation into the accident concluded that static electricity had ignited hydrogen which had leaked from the gasbags, although there were allegations of sabotage. 13 passengers and 22 crew, including Ernst Lehmann, were killed. Despite the apparent danger, there remained a list of 400 people who still wanted to fly as Zeppelin passengers and had paid for the trip. Their money was refunded in 1940. "Graf Zeppelin"

neg: Rigid airship incident, but the introduction of life-jackets following the loss of the "Akron" meant only two lives were lost. LZ 129 "Hindenburg" carried passengers, mail and freight on regularly scheduled commercial services from Germany to North and South America. These were stopped after the Hindenburg disaster in 1937, with only some thirty European test and government-sponsored flights of its completed sister airship, the LZ 130 Graf Zeppelin II, before the "LZ 130's" breakup in Germany in April 1940. Following the Hindenburg disaster, The Zeppelin company resolved to use helium in their future passenger airships. But by this time Europe was well

neg: Hindenburg-class airship largest civilian airship, with a length of and a width of , was the British R101, which was completed in 1929. The US Navy's "Akron" and "Macon" were long and wide. The design originally called for cabins for 50 passengers and a crew complement of 40. Construction of the first ship, LZ 129, later named "Hindenburg", began in 1931, but was suddenly stopped when Luftschiffbau Zeppelin went bankrupt. This led Eckener to make a deal with the Nazi Party which came to power in 1933. He needed money to build the airship, but in return he was forced to display

neg: Bartolomeu de Gusmão Airport 1937, Deutsche Luft Hansa had regular flights between Germany and Brazil, which were operated by Luftschiffbau Zeppelin using its rigid airships Graf Zeppelin and Hindenburg. Rio de Janeiro was the final stop, where passengers could connect with aircraft services to Southern Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina, Chile and Bolivia operated by Syndicato Condor, the Brazilian subsidiary of Deutsche Luft Hansa. During its five years of regular scheduled summer season intercontinental commercial airship service between Germany and South America, the hangar was used only nine times: four by the LZ-127 Graf Zeppelin and five by the LZ-129 Hindenburg. Designed and assembled with parts

neg: Hindenburg disaster to shuttle the passengers from Lakehurst to Newark for connections to airplane flights. Except for strong headwinds that slowed its progress, the Atlantic crossing of the "Hindenburg" was otherwise unremarkable until the airship attempted an early-evening landing at Lakehurst three days later on May 6. Although carrying only half its full capacity of passengers (36 of 70) and crewmen (61, including 21 crewman trainees) for the accident flight, the "Hindenburg" was fully booked for its return flight. Many of the passengers with tickets to Germany were planning to attend the coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth in London

neg: LZ 129 Hindenburg record Atlantic round trip between Frankfurt and Lakehurst in 98 hours and 28 minutes of flight time (52:49 westbound, 45:39 eastbound). Many famous passengers flew on the "Hindenburg" including boxer Max Schmeling making his triumphant return to Germany in June 1936 after his world heavyweight title knockout of Joe Louis at Yankee Stadium. In the 1936 season, the airship flew and carried 2,798 passengers and 160 tons of freight and mail, encouraging the "Luftschiffbau Zeppelin" Company to plan the expansion of its airship fleet and transatlantic service. The airship was said to be so stable a pen or pencil could

neg: LZ 129 Hindenburg be balanced on end atop a tablet without falling. Its launches were so smooth that passengers often missed them, believing the airship was still docked to its mooring mast. A one way fare between Germany and the United States was US$400; "Hindenburg" passengers were affluent, usually entertainers, noted sportsmen, political figures, and leaders of industry. "Hindenburg" was used again for propaganda when it flew over the Olympic Stadium in Berlin on August 1 during the opening ceremonies of the 1936 Summer Olympic Games. Shortly before the arrival of Adolf Hitler to declare the Games open, the airship crossed low over

neg: Hindenburg disaster the "Hindenburg" fire; many were caused by bad weather. The "Graf Zeppelin" had flown safely for more than 1.6 million kilometers (1.0 million miles), including the first circumnavigation of the globe by an airship. The Zeppelin company's promotions had prominently featured the fact that no passenger had been injured on any of its airships. Despite the sheer ferocity of the colossal fire, many of the crew members and passengers survived, but the majority of them were severely burned. Of the 36 passengers and 61 crewmen, 13 passengers and 22 aircrewmen died. Also killed was one ground crewman, the civilian linesman

neg: Hindenburg-class airship Hindenburg-class airship The two "Hindenburg"-class airships were hydrogen-filled, passenger-carrying rigid airships built in Germany in the 1930s and named in honor of Paul von Hindenburg. They were the last such aircraft ever built, and in terms of their length and volume, the largest Zeppelins ever to fly. During the 1930s, airships like the "Hindenburg" class were widely considered the future of air travel, and the lead ship of the class, LZ 129 "Hindenburg", established a regular transatlantic service. The destruction of this same ship in a highly publicized accident was to prove the death knell for these expectations. The second

neg: R101 lengthening the ship by to add another gasbag, the R101 crashed in France during its maiden overseas voyage on 5 October 1930, killing 48 of the 54 people on board. Among the passengers killed were Lord Thomson, the Air Minister who had initiated the programme, senior government officials, and almost all the dirigible's designers from the Royal Airship Works. The crash of R101 effectively ended British airship development, and was one of the worst airship accidents of the 1930s. The loss of life was more than the 36 killed in the highly public "Hindenburg" disaster of 1937, though fewer than

neg: Transatlantic flight last eastward trip of the year left Lakehurst on 10 October; the first North Atlantic trip of 1937 ended in the Hindenburg disaster. The British rigid airship R100 also made a successful return trip from Cardington to Montreal in July–August 1930, in what was intended to be a proving flight for regularly scheduled passenger services. Following the R101 disaster in October 1930, the British rigid airship program was abandoned and the R100 scrapped, leaving DELAG as the sole remaining operator of transatlantic passenger airship flights. Although Alcock and Brown first flew across the Atlantic in 1919, it took two more

neg: Hydrogen in 1910 and by the outbreak of World War I in August 1914, they had carried 35,000 passengers without a serious incident. Hydrogen-lifted airships were used as observation platforms and bombers during the war. The first non-stop transatlantic crossing was made by the British airship "R34" in 1919. Regular passenger service resumed in the 1920s and the discovery of helium reserves in the United States promised increased safety, but the U.S. government refused to sell the gas for this purpose. Therefore, H was used in the "Hindenburg" airship, which was destroyed in a midair fire over New Jersey on 6

neg: Hindenburg disaster put forward for both the cause of ignition and the initial fuel for the ensuing fire. The event shattered public confidence in the giant, passenger-carrying rigid airship and marked the abrupt end of the airship era. After opening its 1937 season by completing a single round-trip passage to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in late March, the "Hindenburg" departed from Frankfurt, Germany, on the evening of May 3, on the first of 10 round trips between Europe and the United States that were scheduled for its second year of commercial service. American Airlines had contracted with the operators of the "Hindenburg"

neg: LZ 129 Hindenburg German Air Ministry, the Zeppelin company's eight airship captains, 47 other crew members, and 30 dockyard employees who flew as passengers. Harold G. Dick was the only non-Luftschiffbau representative aboard. Although the name "Hindenburg" had been quietly selected by Eckener over a year earlier, only the airship's formal registration number (D-LZ129) and the five Olympic rings (promoting the 1936 Summer Olympics to be held in Berlin that August) were displayed on the hull during its trial flights. As the airship passed over Munich on its second trial flight the next afternoon, the city's Lord Mayor, Karl Fiehler, asked Eckener by

neg: LZ 129 Hindenburg airship's pressure altitude. Unexpectedly, the crew found such a wind at the lower altitude of which permitted them to guide the airship safely back to Germany after getting emergency permission from France to fly a more direct route over the Rhone Valley. The nine-day flight covered in 203 hours and 32 minutes of flight time. All four engines were later overhauled and no further problems were encountered on later flights. For the rest of April, "Hindenburg" remained at its hangar where the engines were overhauled and the lower fin and rudder received a final repair; the ground clearance of the

neg: Airship was recording the arrival. This was a disaster that theater goers could see and hear in newsreels. The "Hindenburg" disaster shattered public confidence in airships, and brought a definitive end to their "golden age". The day after the "Hindenburg" crashed, the "Graf Zeppelin" landed at the end of its flight from Brazil. This was the last international passenger airship flight. "Hindenburg"s sister ship, the "Graf Zeppelin II" (LZ 130), could not carry commercial passengers without helium, which the United States refused to sell to Germany during wartime. The "Graf Zeppelin" made several test flights and conducted some electronic espionage until

neg: Hindenburg disaster notified at 6:22 p.m. that the storms had passed, Pruss directed the airship back to Lakehurst to make its landing almost half a day late. However, as this would leave much less time than anticipated to service and prepare the airship for its scheduled departure back to Europe, the public was informed that they would not be permitted at the mooring location or be able to visit aboard the "Hindenburg" during its stay in port. Around 7:00 p.m. local time, at an altitude of , the "Hindenburg" made its final approach to the Lakehurst Naval Air Station. This was to

neg: Hindenburg-class airship services commenced on 31 March 1936 with the first of seven round trips to Rio de Janeiro that "Hindenburg" was to make during her first passenger season. Together with ten round trips to New York City, "Hindenburg" covered that year with 2,798 passengers and 160 tons of freight and mail. Following refurbishment during the winter, "Hindenburg" set out on her first flight to North America for the 1937 season (she had already made one return trip to South America in 1937) on 3 May, bound for New York. This flight would end in tragedy with "Hindenburg" being utterly consumed by

neg: Hindenburg-class airship the order to scrap both "Graf Zeppelin's" and the unfinished framework of LZ 131, since the metal was needed for the construction of airplanes. By April 27, work crews had finished cutting up the airships. On May 6, the enormous airship hangars in Frankfurt were leveled by explosives, three years to the day after the destruction of the "Hindenburg". Hindenburg-class airship The two "Hindenburg"-class airships were hydrogen-filled, passenger-carrying rigid airships built in Germany in the 1930s and named in honor of Paul von Hindenburg. They were the last such aircraft ever built, and in terms of their length and volume,

neg: Hindenburg disaster Allen Hagaman. Ten passengers and 16 crewmen died in the crash or in the fire. The majority of the victims were burnt to death, while others died jumping from the airship at an excessive height, or as a consequence of either smoke inhalation or falling debris. Six other crewmembers, three passengers and Allen Hagaman died in the following hours or days, mostly as a consequence of the burns. The majority of the crewmen who died were up inside the ship's hull, where they either did not have a clear escape route or else were close to the bow of the

neg: Hindenburg-class airship average gross weight of the ship with fuel, equipment, of mail and cargo, about 90 passengers and crew and their luggage. The Germans had extensive experience with hydrogen as a lifting gas. Accidental hydrogen fires had never occurred on civilian Zeppelins, so the switch from helium to hydrogen did not cause much concern. Hydrogen also increased lift by about 8%. After the "Hindenburg" disaster Eckener vowed to never use hydrogen again in a passenger airship. He planned to use helium for the second ship and went to Washington, D.C. to personally lobby President Roosevelt, who promised to supply the helium

neg: Hindenburg disaster "What Destroyed the "Hindenburg"?", which first aired in December 2012, investigated both the static spark theory and St. Elmo's Fire, as well as sabotage by bomb. The team, led by British aeronautical engineer Jem Stansfield and American airship historian Dan Grossman, concluded that the ignition took place above the hydrogen vent just forward of where Mark Heald saw St. Elmo's Fire, and that the ignited hydrogen was channelled down the vent where it created a more explosive detonation described by crew member Helmut Lau. "What Destroyed the "Hindenburg"?" was aired as a standalone documentary on the UK's Channel 4 in

neg: LZ 129 Hindenburg New Jersey at the end of the first North American transatlantic journey of its second season of service with the loss of 36 lives. This was the last of the great airship disasters; it was preceded by the crashes of the British R38 in 1921 (44 dead), the US airship "Roma" in 1922 (34 dead), the French "Dixmude" in 1923 (52 dead), the British R101 in 1930 (48 dead), and the US "Akron" in 1933 (73 dead). "Hindenburg" was named after the late Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg, President of Germany from 1925 until his death in 1934. The Zeppelin

neg: LZ 129 Hindenburg lower rudder was increased from 8 to 14 degrees. "Hindenburg" made 17 round trips across the Atlantic in 1936—its first and only full year of service—with ten trips to the United States and seven to Brazil. The flights were considered demonstrative rather than routine in schedule. The first passenger trip across the North Atlantic left Frankfurt on 6 May with 56 crew and 50 passengers, arriving in Lakehurst on 9 May. As the elevation at Rhein-Main's airfield lies at above sea level, the airship could lift more at takeoff there than it could from Friedrichshafen which was situated at .

neg: LZ 129 Hindenburg testing. After making the first South American flight of the 1937 season in late March, "Hindenburg" left Frankfurt for Lakehurst on the evening of 3 May, on its first scheduled round trip between Europe and North America that season. Although strong headwinds slowed the crossing, the flight had otherwise proceeded routinely as it approached for a landing three days later. "Hindenburg"s arrival on 6 May was delayed for several hours to avoid a line of thunderstorms passing over Lakehurst, but around 7:00 pm the airship was cleared for its final approach to the Naval Air Station, which it made at

neg: The Hindenburg (film) The Hindenburg (film) The Hindenburg is a 1975 American Technicolor film based on the disaster of the German airship "Hindenburg". The film stars George C. Scott. It was produced and directed by Robert Wise, and was written by Nelson Gidding, Richard Levinson and William Link, based on the 1972 book of the same title by Michael M. Mooney. A highly speculative thriller, the film and the book it is based on depict a conspiracy of sabotage leading to the destruction of the airship. In reality, while the Zeppelins were certainly used as a propaganda symbol by the Third Reich, and

neg: The Hindenburg (film) bomb to 7:30, when the airship should have landed and passengers disembarked. While setting up the bomb, Boerth drops the knife part which is recovered by rigger Ludecke. To cover up the loss of his knife, Boerth steals a knife from fellow rigger Ludwig Knorr. Vogel starts to work behind Ritter's back, arresting Boerth and confiscating the Countess's passport. As the airship approaches Lakehurst Naval Air Station at 7:00, Ritter realizes the bomb will explode before the ship can land and searches for Boerth to ask where the bomb is. Vogel is caught by Ritter in the cargo bay interrogating

neg: Hindenburg disaster airship disaster, it was not the worst. Just over twice as many (73 of 76 on board) had perished when the helium-filled U.S. Navy scout airship crashed at sea off the New Jersey coast four years earlier on April 4, 1933. Some of the survivors were saved by luck. Werner Franz, the 14-year-old cabin boy, was initially dazed by the realization that the ship was on fire. As he stood near the officer's mess where he had been putting away dishes moments before, a water tank holding ballast above him burst open, and he was suddenly soaked. This snapped him

neg: The Hindenburg (film) eight tons of aluminum, of muslin, of sash cord and 2,000,000 rivets. "The Hindenburg" made extensive use of matte paintings to bring the Zeppelin to life. To take photographs for use as matte paintings, a highly detailed model of the airship was "flown" via an elaborate setup where the stationary model was photographed by a mobile platform consisting of a camera and dolly on a track on Universal Studios largest and tallest sound stage, Stage 12. For the scene where the airship drops water ballast, a matte painting was used, and sugar was dropped through a hole in the windows

neg: DELAG regular, nonstop, transatlantic flights possible before airplanes had flight ranges sufficient to cross the ocean in either direction without stopping. For DELAG's first transatlantic trip, Dr. Eckener commanded the "Graf Zeppelin" airship leaving Friedrichshafen, Germany, at 07:54 on 11 October 1928, arriving at Lakehurst Field, New Jersey, on 15 October. In 1931 the airship Graf Zeppelin began offering regular scheduled passenger service between Germany and South America which continued until 1937. During its career Graf Zeppelin crossed the South Atlantic 136 times. In 1936, the airship "Hindenburg" entered passenger service and successfully crossed the Atlantic 36 times before catching fire

neg: Airship is the lightest available. Typically, hydrogen was generated during the filling process, by reacting dilute sulphuric acid with metal filings. The first hydrogen balloon in 1783 used iron filings, while the British Nulli Secundus of 1907 used zinc. Later, the United States began to use helium because it is non-flammable and has 92.7% of the buoyancy (lifting power) of hydrogen. Following a series of airship disasters in the 1930s, and especially the Hindenburg disaster where the airship burst into flames, hydrogen fell into disuse. Thermal airships use a heated lifting gas, usually air, in a fashion similar to hot air

neg: LZ 129 Hindenburg scrapped in 1940. LZ 129 Hindenburg LZ 129 "Hindenburg" (; Registration: D-LZ 129) was a large German commercial passenger-carrying rigid airship, the lead ship of the "Hindenburg" class, the longest class of flying machine and the largest airship by envelope volume. It was designed and built by the Zeppelin Company ("Luftschiffbau Zeppelin GmbH") on the shores of Lake Constance in Friedrichshafen and was operated by the German Zeppelin Airline Company ("Deutsche Zeppelin-Reederei"). The airship flew from March 1936 until it was destroyed by fire 14 months later on May 6, 1937 while attempting to land at Lakehurst Naval Air Station

neg: LZ 129 Hindenburg LZ 129 Hindenburg LZ 129 "Hindenburg" (; Registration: D-LZ 129) was a large German commercial passenger-carrying rigid airship, the lead ship of the "Hindenburg" class, the longest class of flying machine and the largest airship by envelope volume. It was designed and built by the Zeppelin Company ("Luftschiffbau Zeppelin GmbH") on the shores of Lake Constance in Friedrichshafen and was operated by the German Zeppelin Airline Company ("Deutsche Zeppelin-Reederei"). The airship flew from March 1936 until it was destroyed by fire 14 months later on May 6, 1937 while attempting to land at Lakehurst Naval Air Station in Manchester Township,

neg: Martin Munkácsi aerial photographs; there are air-to-air photographs of a flying school for women; there are photographs from a Zeppelin, including the ones on his trip to Brazil, where he crossed over a boat whose passengers wave to the airship above. On 21 March 1933, he photographed the fateful "Day of Potsdam," when the aged President Paul von Hindenburg handed Germany over to Adolf Hitler. On assignment for "Berliner Illustrirte Zeitung," he photographed Hitler's inner circle, although he was a Jewish foreigner. Munkácsi left for New York City, where he signed on, for a substantial $100,000, with "Harper's Bazaar," a fashion magazine.

neg: Mary Goodrich Jenson was never formally recognized by the U.S. military. Jenson flew her biplane all around the state and around 1933 became the first woman to fly solo to Cuba. Due to failing vision, she lost her flying license after the Cuba trip. In 1936, Jenson was a passenger on the Hindenburg airship for a flyover of Hartford during its first and only full year of service. In the later 1930s, Jenson briefly worked for Walt Disney Productions in California, especially on the film "Dumbo". It was there that she met her future husband. In 1941, they moved to Wethersfield, Connecticut, where

neg: Hindenburg disaster the following week. The airship was hours behind schedule when it passed over Boston on the morning of May 6, and its landing at Lakehurst was expected to be further delayed because of afternoon thunderstorms. Advised of the poor weather conditions at Lakehurst, Captain Max Pruss charted a course over Manhattan Island, causing a public spectacle as people rushed out into the street to catch sight of the airship. After passing over the field at 4:00 p.m., Captain Pruss took passengers on a tour over the seasides of New Jersey while waiting for the weather to clear. After finally being

neg: LZ 129 Hindenburg public relations ploy, Propaganda Minister Goebbels demanded that the Zeppelin Company make the two airships available to fly "in tandem" around Germany over the four-day period prior to the voting with a joint departure from Löwenthal on the morning of March 26. While gusty wind conditions that morning would prove to make the process of safely launching the new airship a difficult one, "Hindenburg"s commander, Captain Ernst Lehmann, was determined to impress the politicians, Nazi party officials, and press present at the airfield with an "on time" departure and thus proceeded with its launch despite the adverse conditions. As the

neg: Hindenburg disaster book "What About the Airship?", which was as much an extended argument for the further development of the rigid airship as it was an historical overview of the airship concept. Another proponent of the sabotage hypothesis was Max Pruss, commander of the "Hindenburg" throughout the airship's career. Pruss flew on nearly every flight of the "Graf Zeppelin" until the "Hindenburg" was ready. In a 1960 interview conducted by Kenneth Leish for Columbia University's Oral History Research Office, Pruss said early dirigible travel was safe, and therefore he strongly believed that sabotage was to blame. He stated that on trips to

neg: The Hindenburg (film) as water. To recreate the initial explosion of the airship, which was missed by the newsreel cameras, matte paintings and animation were used to make a superimposed explosion of the airship beside its mooring mast. The model of the "Hindenburg" today is on display at the National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C. A real-life tragedy nearly happened during the filming of the "Hindenburg"s fiery death. A full-scale section of the Zeppelin's nose was built for the film on Universal Studios' Stage 12, and was set to be destroyed by fire for the film's final destruction sequence. A half-dozen

neg: Deutsche Zeppelin Reederei Construction began at the new Frankfurt Airport on a second airship hangar as well as special housing for employees. On 30 June 1936 the DZR ordered a sister ship to the "Hindenburg," LZ 130 "Graf Zeppelin II", for 5.5 million Reichsmark. Completion was scheduled for October 1937. Between 1935 and 1936 the company's share of revenues rose from 47 to 57 percent, allowing the Reich government to decrease financial support from 53 to 43 percent. At the start of the 1937 fiscal year, the Supervisory Board and shareholders' meeting of 16 December 1936 voted to order yet another airship (LZ

neg: LZ 130 Graf Zeppelin II propaganda publicity flights; but staff of the Reich Air Ministry were aboard to conduct radio surveillance and measurements. The airship was scrapped in 1940, for its aluminum. The "Graf Zeppelin II" was virtually identical to the "Hindenburg", and was originally designed to use hydrogen as lifting gas. It was conceived to replace the aging LZ127 "Graf Zeppelin" on flying the South American transatlantic route while the "Hindenburg" would continue flying the North American route. After the "Hindenburg" disaster, however, Hugo Eckener vowed never to use hydrogen in a passenger airship again. This led to modifications such that the "Graf Zeppelin

neg: LZ 129 Hindenburg Löwenthal on March 29 to prepare for its first commercial passenger flight, a transatlantic passage to Rio de Janeiro scheduled to depart from there on March 31. Hugo Eckener was not to be the commander of the flight, however, but was instead relegated to being a "supervisor" with no operational control over "Hindenburg" while Ernst Lehmann had command of the airship. To add insult to injury, Eckener learned from an Associated Press reporter upon "Hindenburg's" arrival in Rio that Goebbels had also followed through on his month-old threat to decree that Eckener's name would "no longer be mentioned in German

neg: Hindenburg disaster the explosions of others in three adjoining hangars, wiping out all five Zeppelins at the base. The photos of the "Hindenburg" disaster clearly show that after the cells in the aft section of the airship exploded and the combustion products were vented out the top of the airship, the fabric on the rear section was still largely intact, and air pressure from the outside was acting upon it, caving the sides of the airship inward due to the reduction of pressure caused by the venting of combustion gases out the top. The loss of lift at the rear caused the

neg: Airline Germany lacked colonies, it also began expanding its services globally. In 1931, the airship Graf Zeppelin began offering regular scheduled passenger service between Germany and South America, usually every two weeks, which continued until 1937. In 1936, the airship Hindenburg entered passenger service and successfully crossed the Atlantic 36 times before crashing at Lakehurst, New Jersey, on May 6, 1937. From February 1934 until World War II began in 1939 Deutsche Lufthansa operated an airmail service from Stuttgart, Germany via Spain, the Canary Islands and West Africa to Natal in Brazil. This was the first time an airline flew across

neg: LZ 129 Hindenburg radio the LZ129's name, to which he replied ""Hindenburg"". On March 23, "Hindenburg" made its first passenger and mail flight, carrying 80 reporters from Friedrichshafen to Löwenthal. The ship flew over Lake Constance with "Graf Zeppelin". The name "Hindenburg" lettered in red Fraktur script (designed by Berlin advertiser Georg Wagner) was added to its hull three weeks later before the "Deutschlandfahrt" on March 26, no formal naming ceremony for the airship was ever held. The airship was operated commercially by the Deutsche Zeppelin Reederei (DZR) GmbH, which had been established by Hermann Göring in March 1935 to increase Nazi influence

neg: R38-class airship city of Hull. It crashed into the Humber Estuary, killing 44 out of the 49 crew aboard. At the time of its first flight it was the world's largest airship. Its destruction was the first of the great airship disasters, followed by the Italian-built US semi-rigid airship "Roma" in 1922 (34 dead), the French "Dixmude" in 1923 (52 dead), the British R101 in 1930 (48 dead), the in 1933 (73 dead), and the German "Hindenburg" in 1937 (36 dead). The "R38" class was designed to meet an Admiralty requirement of June 1918 for an airship capable of patrolling for six

neg: In-flight entertainment In-flight entertainment In-flight entertainment (IFE) refers to the entertainment available to aircraft passengers during a flight. In 1936, the airship "Hindenburg" offered passengers a piano, lounge, dining room, smoking room, and bar during the 2 1/2 day flight between Europe and America. After the Second World War, IFE was delivered in the form of food and drink services, along with an occasional projector movie during lengthy flights. In 1985 the first personal audio player was offered to passengers, along with noise cancelling headphones in 1989. During the 1990s, the demand for better IFE was a major factor in the design

neg: Lakehurst Maxfield Field which was deactivated in September 1962. In 2006, after a 44-year hiatus, the U.S. Navy resumed airship operations at Lakehurst with the MZ-3. The installation is probably most famous as the site of the LZ 129 "Hindenburg" disaster on 6 May 1937. Despite the notoriety and well-documented nature of this incident, today there is a simple memorial that denotes the location of the crash at then–NAS Lakehurst in the field behind the large airship hangars on base. A ground marker, painted black, and rimmed by a bright yellow painted chain, locates where the gondola of the German zeppelin "Hindenburg" hit

neg: Large aircraft Wars, only the Soviet Tupolev ANT-20 "Maxim Gorki" landplane of 1934 was larger at 63.00 m (206 ft 9 in) span, but at 53 metric tons maximum takeoff weight it was not as heavy as the Do X's 56 tonnes. The largest airship ever built was the Zeppelin LZ 129 "Hindenburg". First flying in 1936, the Hindenburg had a volume of and a length of . Its maximum payload, of combined passengers and freight, was . Following the Hindenburg's disastrous end, no airships of this scale have since been built. By then, larger aeroplanes—especially long-distance flying boats—had exceeded the Ilya

neg: Hindenburg-class airship tail fin also had an auxiliary control room in case the controls in the gondola malfunctioned. "Hindenburg" was powered by four reversible Daimler-Benz diesel engines which gave the airship a maximum speed of . Although the "Graf Zeppelin" had the same engine car design in its early stages of construction, the pods were later completely redesigned to power tractor propellers. The engines had a water recovery system which captured the exhaust of the engines to minimize weight lost during flight. To reduce drag, the passenger rooms were contained entirely within the hull, rather than in the gondola as on the

neg: Hindenburg disaster that she afforded her passengers, much like that of an ocean liner. In contrast to the media coverage in the United States, media coverage of the disaster in Germany was more subdued. Although some photographs of the disaster were published in newspapers, the newsreel footage was not released until after World War II. Additionally, German victims were memorialized in a similar manner to fallen war heroes, and grassroots movements to fund zeppelin construction (as the case with the "LZ4" crash in 1908) was expressly forbidden by the Nazi government. There had been a series of other airship accidents prior to

neg: Hindenburg disaster newsreel footage of the fire for their report. Both newsreel companies had taken their own aerial footage of the airship over New York hours before the fire. One scene in the Universal reel showing passengers looking out of the windows, was taken from Universal's 1936 newsreel of one of the "Hindenburg's" previous transatlantic crossings. This newsreel is the longest in showing the fire sequence. The camera pans upward showing the stern ablaze as the tail drops down and the nose burns like a blowtorch. It does not show what is happening below the burning airship as it crashes as the camera focuses

neg: Frederick Karl Gampper Jr. chief pilot of the Commercial Airship Syndicate, Ltd., one of the first commercial airlines in the United States. They ran mail and passengers between Kansas City, Missouri and Oklahoma City. The Syndicate's offices were located at the Gumbel Building in Kansas City, and their Goodyear Pony Blimp was hangared at a location along the river. The company closed after their hangar and blimp were destroyed in high winds. His greatest contribution to lighter-than-air flight was as a teacher to many of those who would go on to design, command, and fly America's great dirigibles: the "USS Shenandoah (ZR-1)", "USS Los

neg: Airship advertising, passenger service and special mission projects. They were the only airship operator in the U.S. authorized to fly commercial passengers, until closing their doors in 2012. Skycruise Switzerland AG owns and operates two Skyship 600 blimps. One operates regularly over Switzerland used on sightseeing tours. The Switzerland-based Skyship 600 has also played other roles over the years. For example, it was flown over Athens during the 2004 Summer Olympics as a security measure. In November 2006, it carried advertising calling it "The Spirit of Dubai" as it began a publicity tour from London to Dubai, UAE on behalf of

neg: Max Pruss Zeppelin Neue Technologie (NT). In the 1975 film, "The Hindenburg", Pruss was portrayed by Charles Durning. This portrayal is inaccurate because Pruss is portrayed as ignoring the advice of the 2nd Captain Ernst Lehmann, who only traveled as an observer, saying "I'll do the worrying on this trip". In the docudrama "" he was portrayed by Albert Welling. In the 2011 RTL television movie he is portrayed by Jürgen Schornagel. The "Hindenburg" is featured in the series "" as the setting of a story in which a married couple ride on the airship while recounting to friends of theirs how

neg: LZ 129 Hindenburg Company had proposed "LZ 128" in 1929, after the world flight of the LZ 127 "Graf Zeppelin". This ship was to be approximately long and carry of hydrogen. Ten Maybach engines were to power five tandem engine cars (a plan from 1930 only showed four). The disaster of the British airship "R 101" prompted the Zeppelin Company to reconsider the use of hydrogen, therefore scrapping the LZ 128 in favour of a new airship designed for helium, the LZ 129. Initial plans projected the LZ 129 to have a length of , but 10 feet was dropped from its tail

neg: DirecTV blimp mostly by American Blimp Corporation, the airship has a length of and a width of with a volume of of helium. The term Lightship comes from the internal illumination system which gives the advertiser of the airship a new reason to fly at night time. The Airship's envelope and ballonet were designed and manufactured by ILC Dover. A manufacturer of flexible materials and softgoods based out of Frederick, Delaware The length of the cabin or gondola is with a width of The airship is also designed to carry a maximum of 8 passengers plus the pilot The desired cruising speed

neg: Deutsche Zeppelin Reederei airline based in Frankfurt that operated zeppelins in regular transatlantic revenue service, including the famous LZ 129 "Hindenburg". Following the Hindenburg disaster in 1937 the DZR stopped transatlantic service, although it launched a new airship in 1938 and had another on order. Plans for more operations ended at the outbreak of World War II and its zeppelins were scrapped in 1940. Today's DZR sees itself as the successor of this original airline and is incorporated under the same name. DELAG (; English: "German Airship Transportation Corporation Ltd") was founded on 16 November 1909 as a subsidiary of the Luftschiffbau Zeppelin

neg: Zeppelin "Hindenburg" (named after former President of Germany, Paul von Hindenburg) made its first flight. The "Hindenburg" was the largest airship ever built. It had been designed to use non-flammable helium, but the only supplies of the gas were controlled by the United States, who refused to allow its export. So, in what proved to be a fatal decision, the "Hindenburg" was filled with flammable hydrogen. Apart from the propaganda missions, "LZ 129" was used on the transatlantic service alongside "Graf Zeppelin". On 6 May 1937, while landing in Lakehurst after a transatlantic flight, the tail of the ship caught fire,

neg: Zeppelin the world's first airline, the Deutsche Luftschiffahrts-Aktiengesellschaft (German Airship Travel Corporation), generally known as DELAG to promote his airships, initially using LZ 6, which he had hoped to sell to the German Army. The airships did not provide a scheduled service between cities, but generally operated pleasure cruises, carrying twenty passengers. The airships were given names in addition to their production numbers. LZ 6 first flew on 25 August 1909 and was accidentally destroyed in Baden-Oos on 14 September 1910 by a fire in its hangar. The second DELAG airship, LZ 7 "Deutschland", made its maiden voyage on 19 June

neg: LZ 129 Hindenburg over a three-week period from the Zeppelin dockyards where the airship had been built, "Hindenburg" was ready for its formal public debut with a 4,100-mile (6,598 km) propaganda flight around Germany ("Die Deutschlandfahrt") made jointly with the "Graf Zeppelin" from March 26 to 29. This was to be followed by its first commercial passenger flight, a four-day transatlantic voyage to Rio de Janeiro that departed from the Friedrichshafen Airport in nearby Löwenthal on March 31. After again departing from Löwenthal on 6 May on its first of ten round trips to North America made in 1936, all "Hindenburg"s subsequent transatlantic

neg: Hindenburg disaster in popular culture an airship, Archer makes several references to the "Hindenburg" due to his paranoia about the airship catching fire, despite the airship's captain repeatedly telling him that the ship uses non-flammable helium. In an episode of "The Amazing World of Gumball", while Gumball and Darwin escape from Molly's universe, they all jump upon an airship resembling the "Hindenburg" that then catches fire and crashes into a structural pylon, much like the disaster. In the "Simpsons" episode "Lisa The Beauty Queen", when Barney takes control of the Duff Blimp, he crashes it into an antenna, causing it to catch fire. Kent Brockman

neg: Ernst A. Lehmann as a guest during the "Hindenburg"s last flight. The book had recently been published in German when the "Hindenburg" was destroyed. The English translation, completed by Jay Dratler, was published later in 1937 with a preface and closing chapter by the American airship captain Charles E. Rosendahl, who had interviewed Lehmann on his deathbed. Ernst A. Lehmann Captain Ernst August Lehmann (12 May 1886 – 7 May 1937) was a German Zeppelin captain. He was one of the most famous and experienced figures in German airship travel. The "Pittsburgh Press" called Lehmann the best airship pilot in the world, although

neg: LZ 129 Hindenburg cotton doped with a mixture of reflective materials intended to protect the gas bags within from radiation, both ultraviolet (which would damage them) and infrared (which might cause them to overheat). The gas cells were made by a new method pioneered by Goodyear using multiple layers of gelatinized latex rather than the previous goldbeater's skins. In 1931 the Zeppelin Company purchased of duralumin salvaged from the wreckage of the October 1930 crash of the British airship R101. "Hindenburg"s interior furnishings were designed by Fritz August Breuhaus, whose design experience included Pullman coaches, ocean liners, and warships of the German Navy.

neg: Hindenburg disaster least some damage on previous flights. It is not known whether that damage was properly repaired or even whether all the failures had been found. During the ship's first return flight from Rio, "Hindenburg" had once lost an engine and almost drifted over Africa, where it could have crashed. Afterwards, Dr. Eckener ordered section chiefs to inspect the airship during flight. However, the complexity of the airship's structure would make it virtually impossible to detect all weaknesses in the structure. In March 1936, the "Hindenburg" and the "Graf Zeppelin" made three-day flights to drop leaflets and broadcast speeches via loudspeaker.

neg: East Pakistan Helicopter Service operations in East Pakistan's delta region, PIA set up a network of scheduled helicopter routes, using Sikorsky S-61Ns. The first commercial flight took place on November 25, 1963. The first routes were between Dacca and Khulna, the center of the East Pakistani jute industry; and between Dacca and Faridpur. The PIA S-61Ns were configured to carry a total of 24 passengers with four crew members and 1,800 lb of cargo. The first five pilots were trained with British European Airways (BEA) at a training facility in Kidlington, England, where they learnt to fly the Brantly B-2 light helicopter. They then

neg: LZ 130 Graf Zeppelin II and riveting were changed slightly. The four engine car gondolas were initially designed and installed to have the same pusher configuration as the "Hindenburg". After the Hindenburg disaster, however, the engine pods were completely redesigned and reinstalled, using the same DB-602 diesel engines powering tractor propellers. These new pods were larger and better insulated than those used on the "Hindenburg" and engine noise was noticeably quieter. In later flights, the airship used variable-pitch three-bladed propellers on both of its rear engines; trials were run on the forward port engine car as the ship neared completion, but only the aft-port engine

neg: Hindenburg disaster newsreel footage for the airship. As a result, the newsreels do not show the mooring mast for the airship to be moored (other mooring masts appear in the background in many of the reels), unlike many of the press photographs which were taken further away which show the mast as well as two of the newsreel cameramen with their cameras mounted atop of newsreel trucks. None of the newsreels captured the initial signs of disaster as the cameras had momentarily stopped filming after the ground crew caught the landing ropes (the fire started approximately four minutes after the first starboard rope was

neg: Airship in 1924, the scheme was transformed into the Imperial Airship Scheme, under which two airships were built, one by a private company and the other by the Royal Airship Works under Air Ministry control. The two designs were radically different. The "capitalist" ship, the "R100", was more conventional, while the "socialist" ship, the R101, had many innovative design features. Construction of both took longer than expected, and the airships did not fly until 1929. Neither airship was capable of the service intended, though the R100 did complete a proving flight to Canada and back in 1930. On 5 October 1930,

neg: Addison Bain have taken 12 hours for the airship to burn had hydrogen not been present. It is worth noting that this refutation misses the point of the theory, which relates only to what started the fire, not how it continued. The case for the Incendiary Paint Theory is explained in Bain's televised demonstration of the extreme flammability of a piece of the actual skin of the "Hindenburg" preserved from the disaster. Bain demonstrates the incendiary properties of the "Hindenburg" skin and then asks why the bits of skin ejected from the inferno continued to burn brightly on their way down instead

neg: Deutsche Zeppelin Reederei routine was businesslike. The board of directors included Albert Hofmann Mühlig (RLM), Carl August Freiherr von Gablenz (DLH) and Martin Vronsky (DLH). One of their first tasks was a complete reorganization of the transatlantic travel agency system in Germany, which was then a monopoly run by the Hamburg America Line (HAPAG). The DZR took over the South American service of the LZ 127 "Graf Zeppelin" on 22 March 1935. On 19 March 1936 the airship LZ 129 "Hindenburg" was licensed to carry passengers and handed over to the DZR, allowing the airline to maintain regular South and North American routes.

neg: Lilleshall Hall based on an "early Stately Home". From 1930 until 1939, the Hall had pleasure gardens for the public, including an amusement park, a narrow gauge railway, tea dances, and children's playgrounds. He added an additional nine holes on the existing nine-hole golf course, designed by the noted golf course architect, Harry Colt, which later became the Lilleshall Hall Golf Club. However, it was not played on for 20 years owing to a rent dispute with farmers that resulted in cattle on the course. He even increased attendance by advertising that the German airship Hindenburg would fly over the estate even

neg: Turkish Airlines Flight 981 20,000 body fragments in all. Nine passengers were never identified. 167 passengers flew on the Istanbul to Paris leg, and 50 of them disembarked in Paris. 216 new passengers, many of whom were supposed to fly on Air France, British European Airways, Pan Am, or TWA, boarded TK 981 in Paris, resulting in a 30-minute departure delay. Some passengers cancelled their tickets because of delays or a lack of seats. The majority of the passengers were British, including members of an amateur rugby team from Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, who were returning from a Five Nations match between France and

neg: LZ 130 Graf Zeppelin II as a passenger liner; the lack of a supply of inert helium was one cause. The Reich Air Ministry permitted the "Graf Zeppelin" to fly "for one year until 1 September 1939 without any transportation of passengers and outside from tropical areas”. Dr. Ernst Breuning, who was responsible for radio development for the RLM, negotiated with the Zeppelin company to have the airship used as a laboratory for radio surveillance and measurements. As a result, the passenger accommodations were modified to contain radio and measuring instruments. Part of the cover-up was to have the airship make public appearances at air

neg: Rigid airship 1937. Rigid airships consist of a structural framework usually covered in doped fabric containing a number of gasbags or cells containing a lifting gas. In the majority of airships constructed before World War II highly flammable hydrogen was used for this purpose, resulting in many airships such as the British R101 and the German "Hindenburg" being lost in catastrophic fires. The inert gas helium was used by American airships in the 1920s and '30s and is used in all modern airships. Although airships rely on the difference in density between the lifting gas and the surrounding air to stay aloft

neg: Junkers G.38 was changed to D-AZUR. Meanwhile, a second G.38—factory number 3302 and c/n D-2500, later changed to D-APIS—was built with a double deck fuselage and capacity for 34 passengers. Six passengers were carried three per wing in each leading edge, the remaining 22, on two levels, in the fuselage. Lufthansa used D-APIS on a scheduled service covering the cities Berlin, Hanover, Amsterdam, and London. This aircraft was named the "General Feldmarschall von Hindenburg". In 1934 D-2000/D-AZUR had its engines upgraded, this time with Jumo 4 engines, giving a total power rating of 3000 kW (4023 hp). Both planes were in service

neg: Airship 10% of the static lift. Dynamic lift allows an airship to "take off heavy" from a runway similar to fixed-wing and rotary-wing aircraft. This requires additional weight in engines, fuel, and landing gear, however, negating some of the static lift capacity. The altitude at which an airship can fly largely depends on how much lifting gas it can lose due to expansion before stasis is reached. The ultimate altitude record for a rigid airship was set in 1917 by the L-55 under the command of Hans-Kurt Flemming when he forced the airship to attempting to cross France after the "Silent

neg: No Fly List (India) No Fly List (India) The National No Fly List is an Indian government initiative to identify disruptive passengers and temporarily prohibit them from boarding flights. The objective of the list is "to ensure safety and check unruly and disruptive behaviour on aircraft". The no-fly list is compiled and maintained by the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) based on inputs from airlines. The no-fly list only governs passenger behaviour onboard scheduled and non-scheduled flights. Offences committed within the airport premises fall under the jurisdiction of the relevant security agency in charge of that airport. Passengers who engage in unruly physical

neg: No. 9r No. 9r HMA "No. 9r" was a rigid airship designed and built by Vickers at Walney Island just off Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria. It was ordered in 1913 but did not fly until 27 November 1916 when it became the first British rigid airship to do so. It was dismantled in June 1918 after being flown for around 165 hours, mainly for experimental purposes. Plans to build a second rigid airship to follow the unsuccessful HMA No. 1 (His Majesty's Airship No. 1) "Mayfly" were agreed by the Committee for Imperial Defence in early 1913, and that Vickers should be asked to

neg: Hindenburg disaster cameras were filming the airship when the fire started, the time of the start can only be estimated from various eyewitness accounts and the duration of the longest footage of the crash. One careful analysis by NASA's Addison Bain gives the flame front spread rate across the fabric skin as about at some points during the crash, which would have resulted in a total destruction time of about 16 seconds (245m/15 m/s=16.3 s). Some of the duralumin framework of the airship was salvaged and shipped back to Germany, where it was recycled and used in the construction of military aircraft

neg: Rigid airship Rigid airship A rigid airship is a type of airship (or dirigible) in which the envelope is supported by an internal framework rather than by being kept in shape by the pressure of the lifting gas within the envelope, as in blimps (also called pressure airships) and semi-rigid airships. Rigid airships are often commonly called Zeppelins, though this technically refers only to airships built by the Luftschiffbau Zeppelin company. Rigid airships were produced and relatively successfully employed from the beginning of the 1900s to the end of the 1930s; their heyday ended when the "Hindenburg" caught fire on May 6,

neg: Hindenburg disaster in naming Spehl as the culprit: Hoehling's (and later Mooney's) hypothesis goes on to say that it is unlikely that Spehl wanted to kill people, and that he intended the airship to burn after the landing. However, with the ship already over 12 hours late, Spehl was unable to find an excuse to reset the timer on his bomb. It has been suggested that Adolf Hitler himself ordered the "Hindenburg" to be destroyed in retaliation for Eckener's anti-Nazi opinions. Since the publication of Hoehling's book, most airship historians, including Dr. Douglas Robinson, have dismissed Hoehling's sabotage hypothesis because no solid

neg: The Hindenburg (film) the airship flies by before disappearing into the clouds. Although the film is largely accurate to its setting, there were numerous differences between the film and reality. Some aspects were added for dramatic purposes. The scene when the port fin's fabric rips did not happen to the "Hindenburg", but a similar event happened to the "Graf Zeppelin" during its first flight to America. Additionally, although the "Hindenburg" did have a Blüthner baby grand piano aboard for the 1936 season, it was not aboard the final flight in 1937. While the interior of the ship was accurately recreated, a stairway was

neg: Hindenburg disaster also appear as downward streaks of fire. Those skeptical of the incendiary paint hypothesis cite recent technical papers which claim that even if the airship had been coated with actual rocket fuel, it would have taken many hours to burn – not the 32 to 37 seconds that it actually took. Modern experiments that recreated the fabric and coating materials of the "Hindenburg" seem to discredit the incendiary fabric hypothesis. They conclude that it would have taken about 40 hours for the "Hindenburg" to burn if the fire had been driven by combustible fabric. Two additional scientific papers also strongly

neg: Airship was not allowed to build airships of greater capacity than a million cubic feet. Two small passenger airships, LZ 120 "Bodensee" and its sister ship LZ 121 "Nordstern", were built immediately after the war but were confiscated following the sabotage of the wartime Zeppelins that were to have been handed over as war reparations: "Bodensee" was given to Italy and "Nordstern" to France. On May 12, 1926, the Italian semi-rigid airship "Norge" was the first aircraft to fly over the North Pole. The British R33 and R34 were near-identical copies of the German L 33, which had come down almost

neg: Joint German – British airship expedition to New Guinea any desired scale. Aerial surveys would be much superior to land surveys using theodolites and other conventional surveying instruments. Although there were no technical reason why this project could not have succeeded, the expedition did not take place. The concentration of talent and experience behind the planning was formidable. However, there was an unforeseeable variable in between: The Airship Expedition was scheduled for the second half of 1914. Exactly the period of time when World War I broke out. In August Germany was at war with Great-Britain and Zeppelin dirigibles were being used to drop bombs on British cities. Had

neg: Zeppelin Museum Friedrichshafen on display in the technology department. As said above, the centerpiece of the Zeppelin airship display is the full-scale, partial replica of the LZ 129 "Hindenburg", which was reproduced true to the original and authentically furnished. It is 33 m in length, large enough to convey an idea of the enormous dimensions of the original airship. The "Hindenburg" was 245 m long and had a maximum diameter of 41.2 m at its widest part around the midsection. It was propelled by four Daimler Benz diesel engines with a capacity of 772.3 kW (1050 hp) each, and reached a maximum speed

neg: Airship balloons. The first to do so was flown in 1973 by the British company Cameron Balloons. The term "gondola" is used to describe a crew car of an airship, slung beneath the centre of the envelope. These may be short, for cockpit and landing gear alone, or longer to provide passenger space. Early gondolas were open structures slung beneath the envelope, while later ones were enclosed and hung directly from the internal framing. A nonrigid blimp carries all of its passengers within a gondola. Rigid airships may have further passenger or cargo space inside the envelope. The large airship "Graf

neg: Hindenburg disaster fins and spread forward before it was seen by witnesses on the port side. However, photographs of the early stages of the fire show the gas cells of the "Hindenburg's" entire aft section fully aflame, and no glow is seen through the areas where the fabric is still intact. Burning gas spewing upward from the top of the airship was causing low pressure inside, allowing atmospheric pressure to press the skin inwards. Occasionally the "Hindenburg"'s varnish is incorrectly identified as, or stated being similar to, cellulose nitrate which, like most nitrates, burns very readily. Instead, the cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB)

neg: Down to a Sunless Sea needed Lajes intact and accordingly attacked it with a short-lived neutron bomb to occupy it. Jonah lands the plane at Lajes. Although safe for now, rising levels of fallout from Europe require that they evacuate, and they decide to fly to Antarctica. They are not sure how many passengers they can bring and how many supplies they will need to bring. Jonah and the SAS soldiers on board manage to re-activate the base radar and use the teletype machines to make contact with a sheltered-in-place British naval officer in the Falkland Islands who is able to break cover and confirm

neg: Price discrimination often fly multi-leg flights, and since no-show rates vary by segment, competition for the seat has to take in the spatial dynamics of the product. Someone trying to fly A-B is competing with people trying to fly A-C through city B on the same aircraft. This is one reason airlines use yield management technology to determine how many seats to allot for A-B passengers, B-C passengers, and A-B-C passengers, at their varying fares and with varying demands and no-show rates. With the rise of the Internet and the growth of low fare airlines, airfare pricing transparency has become far more

neg: Dixmude (airship) and the US airship "Roma" in 1922 (34 dead), and followed by the destruction of the British "R101" in 1930 (48 dead), the USS "Akron" in 1933 (73 dead) and the German "Hindenburg" in 1937 (36 dead). The ship was named after the Belgian city of Diksmuide (French: "Dixmude"), and specifically, in honour of the Fusiliers Marins at the battle of Diksmuide. It was the first of three ships named "Dixmude". The "L 72" was the third and final Zeppelin of the X class built for the Imperial German Navy. Incomplete at the end of the war, the "L 72"

neg: Max Pruss was May 3–6, 1937, and it was Pruss' first flight as commanding Captain of the "Hindenburg". According to "Airships.net" he was a member of the NSDAP. Pruss was commander of the airship during the "Hindenburg" disaster of 6 May 1937. This was his first time commanding a trip to Lakehurst. Pruss and several crew members rode the "Hindenburg" down to the ground as it burned, then ordered everybody out. He carried radio operator Willy Speck out of the wreckage, then looked for survivors until rescuers were forced to restrain him. Pruss, however, suffered extensive burns and had to be taken

neg: Hindenburg-class airship a gas-tight material. On "Graf Zeppelin", the cells were lightened and one was made of lightweight silk instead of cotton. Hydrogen was vented out through valves on the top of the ship. These valves could be controlled both manually and automatically. The axial catwalk was added across the center of the ship to provide access to the gas valves. A keel catwalk provided access to the crew quarters and the engines. Alongside the keel were water ballast and fuel tanks. The tail fins of the airship were over in length, and were held together with a cross-like structure. The lower

neg: Werner Franz (Hindenburg) Werner Franz (Hindenburg) Werner Franz (May 22, 1922 – August 13, 2014) was the cabin boy aboard the ill-fated LZ 129 "Hindenburg" which crashed on May 6, 1937. At the time of the crash he was only 14 years old. He was the last known surviving crew member of the "Hindenburg" as of his death in 2014. On the airship he was in charge of serving all of the ship's officers and crew. Later on in life he became an ice and roller skate coach. Some of his pupils include Olympic silver medalist Marika Kilius and her partner Franz Ningel.

neg: Werner Franz (Hindenburg) Werner Franz (Hindenburg) Werner Franz (May 22, 1922 – August 13, 2014) was the cabin boy aboard the ill-fated LZ 129 "Hindenburg" which crashed on May 6, 1937. At the time of the crash he was only 14 years old. He was the last known surviving crew member of the "Hindenburg" as of his death in 2014. On the airship he was in charge of serving all of the ship's officers and crew. Later on in life he became an ice and roller skate coach. Some of his pupils include Olympic silver medalist Marika Kilius and her partner Franz Ningel.

neg: Led Zeppelin (album) threatened legal action over the concert taking place. In 2001, Greg Kot wrote in "Rolling Stone" that "The cover of "Led Zeppelin" … shows the "Hindenburg" airship, in all its phallic glory, going down in flames. The image did a pretty good job of encapsulating the music inside: sex, catastrophe and things blowing up." The album was advertised in selected music papers under the slogan "Led Zeppelin – the only way to fly". It initially received poor reviews. In a stinging assessment, "Rolling Stone" magazine asserted that the band offered "little that its twin, the Jeff Beck Group, didn't say