query: how many american lives lost at pearl harbor

pos: Attack on Pearl Harbor six were returned to service and went on to fight in the war. The Japanese also sank or damaged three cruisers, three destroyers, an anti-aircraft training ship, and one minelayer. One hundred eighty-eight U.S. aircraft were destroyed; 2,403 Americans were killed and 1,178 others were wounded. Important base installations such as the power station, dry dock, shipyard, maintenance, and fuel and torpedo storage facilities, as well as the submarine piers and headquarters building (also home of the intelligence section), were not attacked. Japanese losses were light: 29 aircraft and five midget submarines lost, and 64 servicemen killed. One Japanese sailor,

pos: Third and fourth terms of the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt 26. On the morning of December 7, 1941, the Japanese struck the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor with a surprise attack, knocking out the main American battleship fleet and killing 2,403 American servicemen and civilians. The great majority of scholars have rejected the conspiracy thesis that Roosevelt, or any other high government officials, knew in advance about the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. The Japanese had kept their secrets closely guarded, and while senior American officials were aware that war was imminent, they did not expect an attack on Pearl Harbor. Roosevelt had anticipated that the first attack would

neg: Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor the Japanese approach, he would have sortied to meet them. With the American carriers absent and Kimmel's battleships at a severe disadvantage to the Japanese carriers, the likely result would have been the sinking of the American battleships at sea in deep water, where they would have been lost forever with tremendous casualties (as many as twenty thousand dead), instead of in Pearl Harbor, where the crews could easily be rescued, and six battleships ultimately raised. Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor A series of events led to the attack on Pearl Harbor. War between Japan and the

neg: Attack on Pearl Harbor in popular culture Attack on Pearl Harbor in popular culture The attack on Pearl Harbor has received substantial attention in popular culture in multiple media and cultural formats including film, architecture, memorial statues, non-fiction writing, historical writing, and historical fiction. Today, the USS "Arizona" Memorial on the island of Oahu honors the dead. Visitors to the memorial reach it via boats from the naval base at Pearl Harbor. The memorial was designed by Alfred Preis, and has a sagging center but strong and vigorous ends, expressing "initial defeat and ultimate victory". It commemorates all lives lost on December 7, 1941. Although December 7

neg: Japanese American redress and court cases of Japanese Americans on their treatment in the aftermath of the attack on Pearl Harbor, and the government's subsequent decision to place all Japanese Americans in confinement within the interiors of the country. The various testimonies describe how the camps were overcrowded, and many prisoners committed suicide; businesses collapsed, leaving people without a means of livelihood even after their eventual release; many people lost family members who were forcibly removed from such gatherings at weddings and taken to undisclosed destinations; and how the detainees were forcibly confined in prisons which "were little better than concentration camps." 4. "A History of

neg: Pearl Harbor advance-knowledge conspiracy theory Pearl Harbor advance-knowledge conspiracy theory The Pearl Harbor advance-knowledge conspiracy theory is the argument that U.S. Government officials had advance knowledge of Japan's December 7, 1941, attack on Pearl Harbor. Ever since the Japanese attack; there has been debate as to how and why the United States had been caught off guard, and how much and when American officials knew of Japanese plans for an attack. In September 1944, John T. Flynn, a co-founder of the non-interventionist America First Committee, launched a Pearl Harbor counter-narrative when he published a forty-six page booklet entitled "The Truth about Pearl Harbor". Several writers,

neg: Consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor the American carriers absent and Kimmel's battleships at a severe disadvantage to the Japanese carriers, the likely result would have been the sinking of the American battleships at sea in deep water, where they would have been lost forever with tremendous casualties (up to twenty thousand dead), instead of in Pearl Harbor, where the crews could easily be rescued, and six battleships ultimately restored to duty. This was also the reaction of Joseph Rochefort, head of , when he remarked the attack was cheap at the price. Many of the surviving battleships were extensively refitted, including the replacement of their

neg: USS Livingston (AP-163) Preparations complete, she departed Pearl Harbor 29 May, touched Kwajalein briefly, and arrived off Saipan 20 June. Needed "to secure control of sea communications through the central Pacific," Saipan was the scene of a bitter battle in which 24,000 Japanese lost their lives futilely attempting to stop the American offensive. "Livingston" remained off Saipan supporting the fighters ashore until she sailed for Eniwetok 2 July. Throughout the summer, she transported troops and equipment among the Allied-occupied islands in the Marshall Islands, the Gilbert Islands, and the Mariana Islands. Reclassified AK-222 on 20 August, she returned to Pearl Harbor 6 days

neg: Pearl Harbor (film) The soundtrack for the 2004 film "" contains a song entitled "End of an Act". The song's chorus recounts, ""Pearl Harbor" sucked, and I miss you" equating the singer's longing to how much "Michael Bay missed the mark when he made "Pearl Harbor"" which is "an awful lot, girl". The ballad contains other common criticisms of the film, concluding with the rhetorical question "Why does Michael Bay get to keep on making movies?" The soundtrack to "Pearl Harbor" on Hollywood Records was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score (lost to the score of "Moulin Rouge!"). The

neg: Attack on Pearl Harbor in popular culture is known as National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day it is not a federal holiday in the United States. The nation does however pay homage remembering the thousands injured and killed when attacked by the Japanese in 1941 and on Pearl Harbor Day the American flag should be flown at half-staff until sunset. Schools and other establishments in many places around the country do observe lowering the American flag to half-staff out of respect. Ceremonies are held annually at Pearl Harbor itself, attended each year by some of the ever-dwindling number of elderly veterans who were there on the morning of

neg: Pearl Harbor advance-knowledge conspiracy theory Purple and JN-25 traffic could provide (indeed, Stinnet quotes Whitlock to that effect), and was nonetheless caught unprepared and with all planes on the ground nevertheless, nine hours after the Pearl Harbor attack. Caidin and Blair also raise the issue. Although it has been argued that there was sufficient intelligence at the time to give commanders at Pearl Harbor a greater level of alert, some factors may take on unambiguous meaning not clear at the time, lost in what Roberta Wohlstetter in her masterful examination of the situation called "noise", "scattered amid the dross of many thousands of other intelligence

neg: Critical infrastructure protection the United States Congress of a cyber terrorist "electronic Pearl Harbor" saying, "It is not going to be against Navy ships sitting in a Navy shipyard. It is going to be against commercial infrastructure". Later this fear was qualified by President Clinton after reports of actual cyber terrorist attacks in 2000: "I think it was an alarm. I don't think it was Pearl Harbor. We lost our Pacific fleet at Pearl Harbor. I don't think the analogous loss was that great." There are many examples of computer systems that have been hacked or victims of extortion. One such example occurred

neg: In Harm's Way "Yamato" decimating much of the U.S. force in response. Many lives are lost, Powell's and Burke's among them. Severely injured at the height of the battle, later resulting in the amputation of his left leg, Torrey is rescued by his flag lieutenant, now-Lieutenant Commander McConnell, and is returned to Pearl Harbor aboard a Navy hospital ship under Maggie's care. Expecting to be court-martialed, Torrey is instead congratulated by CINCPAC for successfully repelling the Japanese advance and allowing his Marines to take Levu-Vana. Although Torrey has lost a leg, he is told by CINCPAC he will be sent back to Washington,

neg: Bert Seabourn evacuate, how to enter and exit a plane, as well as how to put on an inflatable life vest. He later became the art director for the Navy’s monthly magazine for two years before being transferred to Pearl Harbor. At Pearl Harbor, Seabourn was surrounded by artists, journalists, photographers, and writers, who were all shipmates in the Sincpack Fleet. The Sincpack Fleet completed work requests for various ships at sea. While in the Navy Bert’s art was also published in many magazines to which he submitted cartoons. He also completed his first full-time art project—painting the mess hall. Seabourn’s painting

neg: USS Guardfish (SS-217) "Guardfish" attacked and sank 873 ton cargo ship "Miyakawa Maru #2" and returned to Pearl Harbor 24 October 1944. "Guardfish" departed 26 November for her 10th war patrol to cruise in the "Convoy College" area of the South China Sea, with yet another wolf pack. She recorded no sinkings during this cruise, but nearing Guam in the early morning of 24 January she mistook the American salvage ship , for a Japanese I class submarine. She fired a torpedo which struck "Extractor"'s starboard side, causing her to capsize and sink at , within 5 minutes. Six lives were lost, with

neg: Husband E. Kimmel intercept them. With the difference in speed between Kimmel's battleships and the faster Japanese carriers, the former could not have come within rifle range of the enemy's flattops. As a result, we would have lost many ships in deep water and also thousands more in lives." Instead, at Pearl Harbor, the crews were easily rescued, and six of eight front-line battleships ultimately raised. This was also the assessment of Joseph Rochefort, head of the US Navy's Station HYPO, who remarked the attack was cheap at the price. In 1994 Kimmel's family, including his grandson, South Carolina broadcaster Manning Kimmel IV,

neg: Isoroku Yamamoto in to this pressure, but only insofar as approving the attack on Pearl Harbor. The First Air Fleet commenced preparations for the Pearl Harbor raid, solving a number of technical problems along the way, including how to launch torpedoes in the shallow water of Pearl Harbor and how to craft armor-piercing bombs by machining down battleship gun projectiles. As Yamamoto had planned, the First Air Fleet of six carriers commenced hostilities against the Americans on December 7, 1941, launching 353 aircraft against Pearl Harbor in two waves. The attack was a complete success according to the parameters of the mission,

neg: Pearl Harbor advance-knowledge conspiracy theory the attack. Oliver Lyttelton, the British Minister of War Production, said, "... Japan was provoked into attacking the Americans at Pearl Harbor. It is a travesty of history ever to say that America was forced into the war. Everyone knows where American sympathies were. It is incorrect to say that America was truly neutral even before America came into the war on an all-out basis." How this demonstrates anything with regard to Japan is unclear. Rather, it refers to other aid to Britain. Lend-Lease, enacted in March 1941, informally declared the end of American neutrality in favor of the Allies

neg: USS Albert W. Grant (DD-649) shells. Fires broke out, and the ship lost steering control and all power. Thirty-eight men were killed and 104 were wounded. Although their ship was down by the bow and listing heavily to port, the destroyer's crew got her engines working again and enabled her to retire to American-controlled waters in Leyte Gulf. While en route to Leyte, "Grant" weathered a typhoon before reaching the anchorage. Following temporary repairs, the ship sailed for Pearl Harbor on 30 October under tow by . She stopped en route at Seeadler Harbor and Majuro. "Grant" reached Pearl Harbor on 29 November and, three

neg: Hispanics in the United States Navy overboard, saving the lives of many of his fellow crewmen. On December 7, 1941, when the Empire of Japan attacked the United States Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor, many sailors with Hispanic surnames were among those who perished. When the United States officially entered World War II, Hispanic Americans were among the many American citizens who joined the ranks of the navy as volunteers or through the draft. Of the Hispanics who served actively in the European and Pacific Theatres of war, five would eventually earn the rank of rear admiral and above. In 1941, Commander Luis de Florez played

neg: Attack on Pearl Harbor Indian Ocean or the Pacific except the American survivors of Pearl Harbor who were hastening back to California. Over this vast expanse of waters Japan was supreme and we everywhere were weak and naked". Throughout the war, Pearl Harbor was frequently used in American propaganda. One further consequence of the attack on Pearl Harbor and its aftermath (notably the Niihau incident) was that Japanese American residents and citizens were relocated to nearby Japanese-American internment camps. Within hours of the attack, hundreds of Japanese American leaders were rounded up and brought to high-security camps such as Sand Island at the mouth

neg: Gracias Amigos Gracias Amigos Gracias Amigos was a 1944 propaganda short produced by the Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs to educate the American public about the contributions of Latin America during World War II. The short begins by describing the "island" of the United States, how self-sufficient it thought it was, and how it felt that the rise of the Axis powers wouldn't affect it. Then the audience is shown footage of the Japanese ambassador negotiating while Pearl Harbor is being bombed, and, in quick succession, the reverses at Wake Island, Manila, Bataan and Dutch Harbor. The American public realizes

neg: Pearl Harbor advance-knowledge conspiracy theory a conversation between Roosevelt and Churchill in late November 1941 was analyzed and determined to be fake. There are claims about these conversations; much of this is based on fictional documents, often cited as "Roll T-175" at the National Archives. There is no Roll T-175; NARA does not use that terminology. Pearl Harbor advance-knowledge conspiracy theory The Pearl Harbor advance-knowledge conspiracy theory is the argument that U.S. Government officials had advance knowledge of Japan's December 7, 1941, attack on Pearl Harbor. Ever since the Japanese attack; there has been debate as to how and why the United States had been

neg: Remember Pearl Harbor Remember Pearl Harbor Remember Pearl Harbor is a 1942 American drama film directed by Joseph Santley and written by Malcolm Stuart Boylan and Isabel Dawn. The film stars Don "Red" Barry, Alan Curtis, Fay McKenzie, Sig Ruman, Ian Keith and Rhys Williams. The film was released on May 18, 1942, by Republic Pictures. Of the movie, reviewer Herbert Cohn of the "Brooklyn Daily Eagle" wrote: "Remember Pearl Harbor" underneath its title, is a phony. It isn't about Pearl Harbor at all. . . . [It is] about fifth columnists in the Philippines, a few thousand miles west of Pearl Harbor.

neg: USS Elder (AN-20) fire broke out in the engine room. With all headway lost and no water pressure, "Elder" appeared doomed. But sound training and Navy "know-how," combined with determined courage in the ship's intrepid damage control parties, subdued the raging flames. Her engines damaged beyond repair, the stricken net tender drifted helplessly for a week before assistance in the form of "Comstock" (LSD-19) and "Piedmont" (AD-17) arrived on 18 March. The next day "Elder" was taken in tow by "Deliver" (ARS-23) and began the long slow haul to Pearl Harbor. Her extensive repairs complete, "Elder" sailed from Pearl Harbor 26 January 1951

neg: Breakdown: How America's Intelligence Failures Led to September 11 Breakdown: How America's Intelligence Failures Led to September 11 Breakdown () is a 2003 book by Bill Gertz arguing that U.S. intelligence services "lost sight of [their] purpose and function" due to Clinton administration policies that were more concerned with political correctness than with national defense. "Publishers Weekly" gave it a mixed review, calling it "an unbalanced but revealing expose on the mistakes, misdirections and blunders behind 'the most damaging intelligence failure since Pearl Harbor.'" Sam Roberts writing in "The New York Times" credits Gertz with convincingly arguing that there was a failure within the American intelligence community, although "his

neg: Shady Lady (aircraft) often called the "Pearl Harbor of Australia," used more aircraft, sank more boats and dropped more bombs than at Pearl Harbor and dealt a psychological blow to the Australian population, just weeks after hostilities with Japan had begun. Australia was determined to strike back and therefore welcomed the arrival in Australia in 1943 of the American 380th Bombardment Group and its long-range Consolidated B-24 Liberator bomber aircraft. In evaluating how to strike back at the Japanese, RAAF intelligence knew that half of all lubricating oils used by the Japanese military and 60 percent of all their aviation fuel came from

neg: Operation K unable to observe U.S. Navy activity, or to keep track of the American carriers. Operation K The planning for Operation K began in the weeks after the attack on Pearl Harbor, when the Imperial Japanese Navy high command considered how to take advantage of the capabilities of the long-range Kawanishi H8K flying boats. Plans to bomb California and Texas were being discussed, when the need for updated information regarding the repairs to US Navy facilities at Pearl Harbor took precedence. An assessment of the repairs to the docks, yards and airfields of Oahu would help the IJN staff to determine

neg: Operation K Operation K The planning for Operation K began in the weeks after the attack on Pearl Harbor, when the Imperial Japanese Navy high command considered how to take advantage of the capabilities of the long-range Kawanishi H8K flying boats. Plans to bomb California and Texas were being discussed, when the need for updated information regarding the repairs to US Navy facilities at Pearl Harbor took precedence. An assessment of the repairs to the docks, yards and airfields of Oahu would help the IJN staff to determine American ability to project power for months to come. Initial plans called for the

neg: USS Trever (DD-339) assault. On 5 August, "Trever" joined "Honolulu" (CL-48), which had lost her bow to a "long-lance" torpedo during the Battle of Kolombangara, and escorted the damaged cruiser from Espiritu Santo to Pearl Harbor. On 19 August, "Trever" got underway to escort an east-bound convoy to San Francisco. After a month's overhaul at Mare Island, "Trever" steamed for Pearl Harbor on 8 October and touched there briefly before heading for Guadalcanal. On 11 November, she joined the screen for "American Legion" (AP-35) and escorted her to Empress Augusta Bay. Later that month, "Trever" took part in the landings at Cape Torokina,

neg: Operation K disrupt salvage and repair efforts. However, errors ensued on both sides. The Japanese submarine "I-23" was supposed to station itself just south of Oahu as a "lifeguard" and weather spotter for the flying boats, but was lost sometime after 14 February. Japanese cryptanalysts had broken the United States Navy weather code, but a code change on 1 March eliminated that alternative source of weather information over Pearl Harbor. The mission proceeded on the assumption of clear skies over Pearl Harbor from knowledge of conditions at French Frigate Shoals. American radar stations on Kauai (and later Oahu) picked up and tracked

neg: USS Arizona salvaged artifacts laid down on March 16, 1914; launched on June 19, 1915 and commissioned on October 17, 1916. In April 1940, she and the rest of the United States Pacific Fleet were transferred from California to Pearl Harbor, Hawaii as a deterrent to the Empire of Japan. On December 7, 1941, "Arizona" was among the ships stationed in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii that were attacked by the Japanese Empire's Air Forces. The ship was hit, and exploded and sank, taking with her the lives of 1,177 crewmen and officers. The wreck still lies at the bottom of Pearl Harbor. Legislation passed during

neg: National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day Remembrance Day. It became (Patriotic and National Observances and Ceremonies) of the United States Code. On Pearl Harbor Day, the American flag should be flown at half-staff until sunset to honor those who died as a result of the attack on U.S. military forces in Hawaii. Pearl Harbor Day is not a federal holiday – government offices, schools, and businesses do not close. Some organizations may hold special events in memory of those killed or injured at Pearl Harbor. On Sunday morning, December 7, 1941, the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service attacked Naval Station Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii

neg: Consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor of power, similar to how Taranto did the Mediterranean, both in the attackers' favor. Three days later, with the sinking of "Prince of Wales" and "Repulse" off the coast of Malaya, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill exclaimed, "In all the war I never received a more direct shock. As I turned and twisted in bed the full horror of the news sank in upon me. There were no British or American capital ships in the Indian Ocean or the Pacific except the American survivors of Pearl Harbor who were hastening back to California. Over this vast expanse of waters Japan

neg: Attack on Pearl Harbor any navy at the time. Finally, it was hoped that the attack would undermine American morale such that the U.S. government would drop its demands contrary to Japanese interests, and would seek a compromise peace with Japan. Striking the Pacific Fleet at anchor in Pearl Harbor carried two distinct disadvantages: the targeted ships would be in very shallow water, so it would be relatively easy to salvage and possibly repair them; and most of the crews would survive the attack, since many would be on shore leave or would be rescued from the harbor. A further important disadvantage—this of timing,

neg: Terrorism Risk Insurance Act terrorism coverage. The scope of the 9/11 attacks and the resulting $40 billion estimated insured loss changed perceptions dramatically. It was the worst terrorist attack on record for both property and fatalities and the worst international attack on American soil since the Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, as nearly 3,000 people lost their lives in New York City, Washington, D.C., and Stonycreek Township near Shanksville, Pennsylvania. Much of the financial cost from the 9/11 attacks fell on reinsurers (that further spread the risk assumed by primary insurers). Unable to accurately model or price terrorism exposures, reinsurers largely withdrew from

neg: The New Pearl Harbor The New Pearl Harbor The New Pearl Harbor: Disturbing Questions About the Bush Administration and 9/11 (2004, ) is a book written by David Ray Griffin, a retired professor of philosophy at the Claremont School of Theology. It draws analogies between the September 11, 2001, attacks and the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941. The title is taken from the 2000 paper "Rebuilding America's Defenses" produced by the Project for the New American Century, which noted that only a "new Pearl Harbor" would enable the military and defense policy transformations the group desired to rapidly take place. The book was

neg: Pearl Harbor (film) carrier planes" and felt that ""Pearl Harbor" is not so much about World War II as it is about movies about World War II. And what's wrong with that?" Like many historical dramas, "Pearl Harbor" provoked debate about the artistic license taken by its producers and director. National Geographic Channel produced a documentary called "Beyond the Movie: Pearl Harbor" detailing some of the ways that "the film's final cut didn't reflect all the attacks' facts, or represent them all accurately". Many Pearl Harbor survivors dismissed the film as grossly inaccurate and pure Hollywood. In an interview done by Frank Wetta,

neg: USS Pensacola (CA-24) and returned to Pearl Harbor with on 26 May. "Pensacola" departed Pearl Harbor on 28 May with the "Enterprise" task force for a rendezvous on 2 June northeast of Midway with units of TF 17. Two days later, when the Japanese armada came within range of the American carriers, the battle of Midway commenced. Admiral Spruance's torpedo planes and dive-bombers attacked the Japanese carriers. and went up in flames, and was badly damaged. A fourth enemy carrier—, still at large—launched strikes at "Yorktown" and the American flattops struck back, leaving the enemy carrier hit many times, in a mass of

neg: Naval Station Pearl Harbor were sunk and the other remaining three were badly damaged. Overall, nine ships of the U.S. fleet were sunk and 21 ships were severely damaged. Three of the 21 would be irreparable. 188 U.S. aircraft were completely destroyed and 159 others were damaged. Japan lost 29 out of the 353 aircraft they attacked with. The attack on Pearl Harbor was the largest destruction of life and property on American soil both in peacetime and in general by foreign nationals prior to the September 11 attacks, and remains the deadliest attack on American soil both in peacetime and in general by

neg: Anti-Japanese sentiment in the United States Italy. The surprise attack at Pearl Harbor prior to a declaration of war was presented to the American populace as an act of treachery and cowardice. Following the attack many non-governmental "Jap hunting licenses" were circulated around the country. "Life" magazine published an article on how to distinguish a Japanese person from a Chinese person by the shape of the nose and the stature of the body. Japanese conduct during the war did little to quell anti-Japanese sentiment. Fanning the flames of outrage were the treatment of American and other prisoners of war. Military-related outrages included the murder of POWs,

neg: Robert A. Taft America even if Germany overran all of Europe. Between the outbreak of war in September, and the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941 Taft opposed nearly all attempts to aid countries fighting Germany. That brought him strong criticism from many liberal Republicans, such as Wendell Willkie, who felt that America could best protect itself by supporting the British and their allies. Although Taft fully supported the American war effort after Pearl Harbor, he continued to harbor a deep suspicion of American involvement in postwar military alliances, including the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Taft was the representative to speak

neg: Pearl Harbor for American commanders had no understanding of the capabilities and proper employment of air power. As it was, had the Pacific Fleet acted on the war warnings it undoubtedly would have sortied and been at sea on December 7, where the major ships would have been sunk in deep water, making salvage impossible. Shortly after the devastating Japanese surprise attack at Pearl Harbor two American military commanders, Lt. Gen. Walter Short and Adm. Husband Kimmel were demoted of their full ranks. The two American commanders later sought to restore their reputations and full ranks. Over the years, Pearl Harbor remained

neg: Homer N. Wallin his combat awards. In 1968, retired Vice Admiral Wallin published a memoir of his service, especially the Pearl Harbor salvage operations, titled "Pearl Harbor: Why, How, Fleet Salvage and Final Appraisal". Vice Admiral Homer N. Wallin died on 6 March 1984. Homer N. Wallin Homer Norman Wallin (December 6, 1893 – March 6, 1984) was a vice admiral in the United States Navy, best known for his salvage of ships sunk in the attack on Pearl Harbor. Wallin was born in Washburn, North Dakota. Following brief attendance at the University of North Dakota and a year in the state National

neg: Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor Pearl Harbor. A few weeks later, in yet another letter, Yamamoto requested Admiral Takijiro Onishi, chief of staff of the Eleventh Air Fleet, study the technical feasibility of an attack against the American base. Onishi gathered as many facts as possible about Pearl Harbor. After first consulting with Kosei Maeda, an expert on aerial torpedo warfare, and being told the harbor's shallow waters rendered such an attack almost impossible, Onishi summoned Commander Minoru Genda. After studying the original proposal put forth by Yamamoto, Genda agreed: "[T]he plan is difficult but not impossible". Yamamoto gave the bulk of the planning to

neg: Japanese war crimes Pearl Harbor not only happened without a declaration of war but was also a treacherous and deceitful act. In fact, Japan and the U.S. were still negotiating for a possible peace agreement which kept U.S. officials very distracted when Japanese planes bombed Pearl Harbor. Keenan explained the definition of a war of aggression and the criminality of the attack on Pearl Harbor: Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, who planned the attack on Pearl Harbor, was fully aware that if Japan lost the war, he would be tried as a war criminal for that attack (although he was killed by the United States

neg: USS Plunger (SSN-595) Pearl Harbor with SubRon 7 in 1967, "Plunger" operated to improve the ASW readiness of the Pacific fleet; from 6 March to 22 March, she participated in ASW exercises and later continued in advanced type-training work. During inport periods at Pearl Harbor, "Plunger" provided services to Fleet Training Program Pearl Harbor. Homeporting at Puget Sound the last six months of 1967, "Plunger" returned to Pearl Harbor on 1 February 1968. In the latter part of 1968, while on a WestPac (Western Pacific) deployment, "Plunger" was the first nuclear ship to visit Japan at Yokosuka. Many Japanese protested the arrival of

neg: Judy of Rogue's Harbor and an adjustment of the affairs all around, there is a happy ending. As with many of Minter's films, "Judy of Rogue's Harbor" is considered lost. Judy of Rogue's Harbor Judy of Rogue's Harbor is a 1920 American silent drama film directed by William Desmond Taylor and starring Mary Miles Minter. The film is based on the novel of the same name by Grace Miller White. It was produced by Famous Players-Lasky and distributed through Realart and Paramount Pictures. As described in a film magazine, Judy (Minter), a young woman of the country, lives with her stern grandfather (Roberts), her

neg: USS Plunger (SS-179) The Japanese not only had it, they knew how to use it. The destroyer found "Plunger" and unleashed twenty-four close depth charges. It was a vicious, determined attack, the first for both the hunter and the hunted in Empire waters. It jarred the boat and crew severely. White was thankful that he had put back into Pearl Harbor to repair the weakness in the hull. Had he not, "Plunger" might not have survived. She sank Japanese cargo ship "Eizon Maru" 18 January 1942. After returning to Pearl Harbor, Plunger was docked on the Marine Railway at Pearl Harbor for repairs

neg: September 11 attacks the attacks. After New York, New Jersey lost the most state citizens, with the city of Hoboken having the most citizens that died in the attacks. More than 90 countries lost citizens in the September 11 attacks; for example, the 67 Britons who died were more than in any other terrorist attack anywhere . The attacks killed about 500 more people than the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, and are the deadliest terrorist attacks in world history. In Arlington County, Virginia, 125 Pentagon workers lost their lives when Flight 77 crashed into the western side of the

neg: Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor the islands, and wait for the inevitable U.S. counterattack, Japan's military leaders instead decided on the preventive Pearl Harbor attack, which they assumed would negate the American forces needed for the liberation and reconquest of the islands. (The day after the Pearl Harbor attack, the Japanese indeed launched their invasion of the Philippines). Planning for the attack on Pearl Harbor had begun in very early 1941, by Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto. He finally won assent from the Naval High Command by, among other things, threatening to resign. The attack was approved in the summer at an Imperial Conference and again at

neg: Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor Harbor. For the next several months, planning and organizing a simultaneous attack on Pearl Harbor and invasion of British and Dutch colonies to the south occupied much of the Japanese Navy's time and attention. The plans for the Pearl Harbor attack arose out of the Japanese expectation the U.S. would be inevitably drawn into war after a Japanese attack against Malaya and Singapore. The intent of a preventive strike on Pearl Harbor was to neutralize American naval power in the Pacific, thus removing it from influencing operations against American, British, and Dutch colonies. Successful attacks on colonies were judged to

neg: History of Darwin had bombed Pearl Harbor, though a considerably larger number of bombs were dropped on Darwin, than on Pearl Harbor. The attack killed at least 243 people and caused immense damage to the town. These were by far the most serious attacks on Australia in time of war, in terms of fatalities and damage. They were the first of many raids on Darwin. This event is often called the "Pearl Harbor of Australia". Although it was a less significant target, a greater number of bombs were dropped on Darwin than were used in the attack on Pearl Harbor. As was the

neg: Pearl Harbor (film) the film one and a half stars, writing: ""Pearl Harbor" is a two-hour movie squeezed into three hours, about how, on Dec. 7, 1941, the Japanese staged a surprise attack on an American love triangle. Its centerpiece is 40 minutes of redundant special effects, surrounded by a love story of stunning banality. The film has been directed without grace, vision, or originality, and although you may walk out quoting lines of dialogue, it will not be because you admire them". Ebert also criticized the liberties the film took with historical facts: "There is no sense of history, strategy or context;

neg: Overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii the ceding of lands would become unpopular with the native Hawaiians. Many islanders thought that all the islands, rather than just Pearl Harbor, might be lost and opposed any cession of land. By November 1873, Lunalilo canceled negotiations and returned to drinking, against his doctor's advice; his health declined swiftly, and he died on February 3, 1874. Lunalilo left no heirs. The legislature was empowered by the constitution to elect the monarch in these instances and chose David Kalākaua as the next monarch. The new ruler was pressured by the U.S. government to surrender Pearl Harbor to the Navy. Kalākaua

neg: Enterprise Air Group was more focused on the scout bomber role. This air group was embarked on board the "Yorktown"-class aircraft carrier at the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor. On 7 December 1941, eighteen SBD Dauntless scout bombers of squadrons VS-6 and VB-6 arrived over Pearl Harbor during the attack and, although surprised, immediately went into action in defense of the naval base. Scouting Six lost six planes during the attack, and Bombing Six lost one, killing eight airmen and wounding two others. Later that evening, six VF-6 Wildcats attempted to land at Ford Island, but five were accidentally shot down

neg: American propaganda during World War II the soldiers dependent on their work as their sons, brothers and husbands. Considerable complications were caused by censorship and the need to prevent the enemy from learning how much damage they had inflicted. For example, Roosevelt's fireside chat described the damage at Pearl Harbor as "serious" but he could not "give exact damage." Many artists and writers knew that keeping up morale was important, but considerable debate arose over whether to go for light frivolous diversions, or to impress the severity of the war to stir up support. Authors of fiction were encouraged to show their characters buying warbonds, conserving,

neg: Anti-Japanese sentiment fight against the Empire of Japan and its allies, the German Reich and the Kingdom of Italy. The surprise attack at Pearl Harbor prior to a declaration of war was presented to the American populace as an act of treachery and cowardice. Following the attack many non-governmental "Jap hunting licenses" were circulated around the country. "Life" magazine published an article on how to tell a Japanese from a Chinese person by the shape of the nose and the stature of the body. Japanese conduct during the war did little to quell anti-Japanese sentiment. Fanning the flames of outrage were the

neg: Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor six of the eight battleships eventually were). Also, most of the crews would survive the attack, since many would be on shore leave or would be rescued from the harbor afterward. Despite these concerns, Yamamoto and Genda pressed ahead. By April 1941, the Pearl Harbor plan became known as "Operation Z", after the famous Z signal given by Admiral Tōgō at Tsushima. Over the summer, pilots trained in earnest near Kagoshima City on Kyūshū. Genda chose it because its geography and infrastructure presented most of the same problems bombers would face at Pearl Harbor. In training, each crew flew over

neg: Palm Harbor Museum the extension of Belcher Rd; it is under the management of the Heritage village and houses the Palm Harbor Museum which is dedicated to preserving the history of Palm Harbor, Crystal Beach, Florida, Ozona, and Curlew from the 1800s to the present. The Palm Harbor Museum opened in 1998 and is operated by the Palm Harbor Historical Society. It is located at 2043 Curlew Road. Current exhibitions include the history of the Citrus Industry, Palm Harbor in World War II and the Way we worked. The house also highlights the lives of the Hartley Family and how they lived. Many

neg: Attack on Pearl Harbor the minesweeper spotted a midget submarine periscope southwest of the Pearl Harbor entrance buoy and alerted the destroyer . The midget may have entered Pearl Harbor. However, "Ward" sank another midget submarine at 06:37 in the first American shots in the Pacific Theater. A midget submarine on the north side of Ford Island missed the seaplane tender with her first torpedo and missed the attacking destroyer with her other one before being sunk by "Monaghan" at 08:43. A third midget submarine, "Ha-19", grounded twice, once outside the harbor entrance and again on the east side of Oahu, where it was

neg: Pearl Harbor advance-knowledge conspiracy theory the South against Malaya and the Philippines—many more resources, especially Imperial Army resources, were devoted to these attacks as compared to Pearl Harbor. Many in the Japanese military (both Army and Navy) had disagreed with Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto's idea of attacking the U.S. Fleet at Pearl Harbor when it was first proposed in early 1941, and remained reluctant after the Navy approved planning and training for an attack beginning in spring 1941, and through the highest level Imperial Conferences in September and November which first approved it as policy (allocation of resources, preparation for execution), and then authorized the attack.

neg: Pearl Harbor and the Explosions Pearl Harbor and the Explosions Pearl Harbor and the Explosions was a musical act from San Francisco, California. Forming in 1978, the new wave band had limited success in the late 1970s and early 1980s, with their debut single, "Drivin'", reaching the lower end of the American top 40 charts in 1980. That same year, they released a self-titled LP which included the song "Shut Up and Dance", which received considerable airplay, particularly in the Bay Area. The vocalist, Pearl E. Gates (also known as "Pearl Harbor", and later "Pearl Harbour" (British and Canadian spelling), would eventually marry Clash bassist

neg: USS Anderson (DD-411) Pearl Harbor, intercepting and identifying many merchantmen, and local craft, such as fishing boats, as well as noting the movements of American warships. Following this intensive period of operations in Hawaiian waters, "Anderson" took departure from Pearl Harbor on 2 December 1940, bound for the West Coast in company with the rest of Destroyer Squadron (DesRon) 8. Arriving at San Diego on the afternoon of 8 December, "Anderson" steamed to the Los Angeles Shipbuilding and Drydock Company, San Pedro, California, the day after Christmas, and underwent an overhaul there through the first week of January 1941. Then, after operating locally

neg: Westin St. Francis censorship of American motion pictures. The 1939 World's Fair on Treasure Island, in San Francisco Bay, attracted many celebrities to San Francisco and to the St. Francis. Salvador Dalí posed for newspaper photographers in the bathtub of his hotel room, with a lobster on his head, holding a cabbage in one hand, and wearing a pair of emerald-green goggles, and Cary Grant stayed in the hotel, entertaining friends with scenes from Noël Coward's play "Private Lives". After the attack on Pearl Harbor, San Francisco became a major transit point for soldiers and sailors going to the Pacific Theater of the

neg: Japanese-American life before World War II that many Japanese immigrants came to America with plans to return to Japan after making some money. Others, however, planned to begin new lives in America. He also describes being torn when the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, and explains that the reactions of Japanese Americans varied in regards to the bombing. 1913: California passed the Alien Land Law which prohibited "aliens ineligible to citizenship" (i.e. all Asian immigrants- including Japanese) from owning land or property, though it permitted three year leases. 1920-1925: Several states adopted similar alien land laws to prohibit leasing or selling land to "aliens ineligible to citizenship”

neg: Estelle Peck Ishigo the age of four, she showed promising talent in both painting and singing, and started learning the violin by the time she was twelve. She attended Otis Art Institute, where she met San Franciscan Nisei, Arthur Ishigo; they married in 1928. Following the attack on Pearl Harbor, Estelle and Arthur both lost their jobs, and Arthur was subsequently ordered to an internment camp. Estelle decided to follow him and they were both later assigned to Heart Mountain Relocation Center in Wyoming. During their time at Heart Mountain, Estelle used her artwork to document their lives. After the war and their

neg: USS Ash (AN-7) the section base at Bishop's Point on the island of Oahu on 28 August and began working on the nets that protected Pearl Harbor. She was at the Bishop's Point section base when the Japanese attacked American warships and installations at Pearl Harbor on the morning of 7 December 1941. Though she fired sporadically at some of the enemy planes during the two hours of the attack, she claimed no kills and suffered neither casualties nor damage. Following the attack, the ship served at Pearl Harbor through the end of the war. Redesignated "AN-7" on 20 December 1942, she was

neg: Mitsubishi A6M Zero with similar American units. Only one, the Planes of Fame Museum's A6M5, has the original Sakae engine. The rarity of flyable Zeros accounts for the use of single-seat North American T-6 Texans, with heavily modified fuselages and painted in Japanese markings, as substitutes for Zeros in the films "Tora! Tora! Tora!", "The Final Countdown", and many other television and film depictions of the aircraft, such as "Baa Baa Black Sheep" (renamed "Black Sheep Squadron"). One Model 52 was used during the production of "Pearl Harbor". [[Category:Carrier-based aircraft|Mitsubishi A6M Zero]] [[Category:Japanese fighter aircraft 1930–1939]] [[Category:Mitsubishi aircraft]] [[Category:Attack on Pearl Harbor]] [[Category:World

neg: USS Grumium (AK-112) Harbor, arriving in California 27 May 1944. At San Francisco "Grumium" was transferred to the direct control of Commander, Naval Air Forces, Pacific Fleet, and underwent conversion to an aviation support ship. She was redesignated IX-174, 20 June 1944, and 2 days later was underway for Pearl Harbor once more, to supply American fast carrier aircraft, then increasing greatly in numbers. "Grumium" arrived Pearl Harbor 30 June, and 10 July, continued to Roi Island. Arriving 19 July, the ship transferred supplies to aircraft groups until early September, then returned to Pearl Harbor. She sailed with another load of aviation supplies

neg: USS Tangier (AV-8) Harbor on Independence Day 1942 and stood out again three days later. On the 15th, she arrived in San Francisco and immediately began overhaul. "Tangier" completed overhaul in September and, after loading aviation equipment at the Alameda Naval Air Station, departed San Francisco for Pearl Harbor, Suva, and ultimately Espiritu Santo, where she arrived on 28 February 1943. There, she unloaded her stores and commenced tending seaplanes. She continued routine operations until 12 August, when she got underway for Pearl Harbor. "Tangier" made Oahu on 28 August. In September–October, she made two voyages from Pearl Harbor to American Samoa and

neg: USS Pigeon (ASR-6) the Pacific Mine Force at San Diego, California; transited the Panama Canal on 7 December 1919; and reached San Diego on 25 December. Pearl Harbor became her new base of operations on 18 June 1920 and she decommissioned there on 25 April 1922. Converted to a gunboat, she recommissioned at Pearl Harbor on 13 October 1923, Lieutenant Commander Elwin F. Cutts in command. Still classified a minesweeper, "Pigeon" departed Pearl Harbor on 7 November 1923 and joined the Yangtze River Patrol Force at Shanghai, China on 26 November. For five years, she served in the famous patrol protecting American citizens

neg: Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands 20% of the fighter pilots. The Japanese lost more aircrew at Santa Cruz than they had lost in each of the three previous carrier battles at Coral Sea (90), Midway (110), and Eastern Solomons (61). By the end of the Santa Cruz battle, at least 409 of the 765 elite Japanese carrier aviators who had participated in the attack on Pearl Harbor were dead. Having lost so many of its veteran carrier aircrew, and with no quick way to replace them – because of an institutionalized limited capacity in its naval aircrew training programs and an absence of trained reserves

neg: Pearl Harbor (film) final product to a teen and young adult audience. Budget fights continued throughout the planning of the film, with Bay "walking" on several occasions. Dick Cook, chairman of Disney at the time, said "I think "Pearl Harbor" was one of the most difficult shoots of modern history." In order to recreate the atmosphere of pre-war Pearl Harbor, the producers staged the film in Hawaii and used current naval facilities. Many active duty military members stationed in Hawaii and members of the local population served as extras during the filming. The set at Rosarito Beach in the Mexican state of Baja

neg: Naval Station Pearl Harbor she was donated to the USS "Missouri" Memorial Association and became a museum ship at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. Naval Station Pearl Harbor Naval Station Pearl Harbor is a U.S. naval base adjacent to Honolulu, in the U.S. state of Hawaii. In 2010, along with the United States Air Force's Hickam Air Force Base, the facility was merged to form Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam. Pearl Harbor is the headquarters of the United States Pacific Fleet. The attack on Pearl Harbor by the Empire of Japan on Sunday, 7 December 1941 brought the United States into World War II. Naval Station Pearl

neg: Oklahoma City bombing killing in the military. I face the consequences, but you learn to accept it." He compared his actions to the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, rather than the attack on Pearl Harbor, reasoning it was necessary to prevent more lives from being lost. On April 14, 1995, McVeigh paid for a motel room at the Dreamland Motel in Junction City, Kansas. The following day he rented a 1993 Ford F-700 truck from Ryder under the name Robert D. Kling, an alias he adopted because he knew an Army soldier named Kling with whom he shared physical characteristics, and because

neg: USS Bunker Hill (CV-17) kamikaze penetrated to the pilots' ready room, and 22 members of VF-84 lost their lives in the attack. "Bunker Hill" was heavily damaged but was able to steam at 20 knots to Ulithi, where the Marine pilots of VMF-221, who had been aloft during the kamikaze attack and were diverted to other carriers, rejoined their ship. The carrier returned home by way of Pearl Harbor, and was sent to the Bremerton Naval Shipyard for repairs. She was still in the shipyard when the war ended in mid-August 1945. On 27 September 1945, "Bunker Hill" sailed from Bremerton to report for

neg: Pearl Harbor (film) original score was composed by Hans Zimmer. The song "There You'll Be" was nominated for the Academy Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song. Pearl Harbor (film) Pearl Harbor is a 2001 American romantic period war drama film directed by Michael Bay, produced by Bay and Jerry Bruckheimer and written by Randall Wallace. It stars Ben Affleck, Kate Beckinsale, Josh Hartnett, Cuba Gooding Jr., Tom Sizemore, Jon Voight, Colm Feore, and Alec Baldwin. The film is based on the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, and the Doolittle Raid. Despite receiving generally negative reviews from

neg: Pearl Harbor (film) Pearl Harbor (film) Pearl Harbor is a 2001 American romantic period war drama film directed by Michael Bay, produced by Bay and Jerry Bruckheimer and written by Randall Wallace. It stars Ben Affleck, Kate Beckinsale, Josh Hartnett, Cuba Gooding Jr., Tom Sizemore, Jon Voight, Colm Feore, and Alec Baldwin. The film is based on the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, and the Doolittle Raid. Despite receiving generally negative reviews from critics, the film was a major box office success, earning $59 million in its opening weekend and, in the end, nearly $450 million worldwide. It was

neg: James W. Downing and would not see her husband again until they moved to Washington, D.C. in 1943. They each had responsibilities with The Navigators and remained in Colorado Springs after his retirement. They had seven children. Morena died on February 9, 2010, at age 93. Downing died on February 13, 2018, at age 104. In 2016, Downing wrote an autobiography, titled "The Other Side of Infamy: My Journey through Pearl Harbor and the World of War". The book details his military career, Pearl Harbor, and how people of faith endure troubled times. Writing at age 102, Downing was honored by the Guinness

neg: USS Sitkoh Bay at Alameda, California, loaded cargo and embarked passengers. She stood out of Alameda on 30 April, bound for Pearl Harbor, and began the first of many routine voyages shuttling planes, pilots, and air crewmen back and forth between the front line and rear areas. The majority of her missions carried her from Pearl Harbor, or via Pearl Harbor from the California coast, to various islands in the southern or central Pacific which served as staging areas for the war being waged farther north or west. In the latter part of 1944, her ports of call were Majuro in the Marshall

neg: Arthur Vandenberg months' notice of intent to cancel the treaty, beginning the policy of putting pressure on Japan that led to the Attack on Pearl Harbor. On the day of the Pearl Harbor attack however his position changed radically. In his private papers he wrote that at Pearl Harbor, isolationism died for any realist. In the end, only one member of Congress, Republican Jeannette Rankin, voted against war with Japan. In the election of 1940, Vandenberg secured a third term in the Senate by defeating Democratic challenger Frank Fitzpatrick by over 100,000 votes. During World War II, Vandenberg's position on American foreign

neg: Remember Pearl Harbor And it isn't even a good picture about fifth columnists. It is pokey, except when the Japanese arrive toward the end and the army garrison at Manilla comes to life to be trapped by them. Remember Pearl Harbor Remember Pearl Harbor is a 1942 American drama film directed by Joseph Santley and written by Malcolm Stuart Boylan and Isabel Dawn. The film stars Don "Red" Barry, Alan Curtis, Fay McKenzie, Sig Ruman, Ian Keith and Rhys Williams. The film was released on May 18, 1942, by Republic Pictures. Of the movie, reviewer Herbert Cohn of the "Brooklyn Daily Eagle" wrote:

neg: Franklin D. Roosevelt Japan. After the Japanese attack at Pearl Harbor, antiwar sentiment in the United States largely evaporated overnight. On December 11, 1941, Hitler and Mussolini declared war on the United States, which responded in kind. A majority of scholars have rejected the conspiracy theories that Roosevelt, or any other high government officials, knew in advance about the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. The Japanese had kept their secrets closely guarded. Senior American officials were aware that war was imminent, but they did not expect an attack on Pearl Harbor. Roosevelt had expected that the Japanese would attack either the Dutch East

neg: USS Kern (AOG-2) convoy out of Los Angeles, California, and reached Pearl Harbor on the 22nd. Loaded with aviation gas and diesel oil, she steamed to Midway Island from 8–12 June. She returned to Pearl Harbor on 18 June, and from 27 June-11 July she made a similar run to Canton and Palmyra Islands. During the next year, "Kern" continued tanker operations out of Pearl Harbor, supplying American bases on Midway, Canton, and Palmyra Islands with gasoline and oil. Departing Pearl Harbor on 19 August 1944, she sailed to Eniwetok, Marshalls, where she arrived on 31 August and served as station tanker during

neg: Channels of the Hawaiian Islands an alternate anchorage for the main U.S. Pacific Fleet based at Pearl Harbor. In the planning for the attack on Pearl Harbor, the Japanese had hoped that the Pacific Fleet still utilized Lahaina as an anchorage as ships sunk in the deep water there would have been unrecoverable. However, Lahaina was not utilized, and the bulk of the fleet remained moored in Pearl Harbor. The Roads are still a common moorage for oceangoing cruise ships and naval vessels of many flags, including the U.S., whose crews enjoy liberty on the island. The Pailolo Channel separates the islands of Molokaʻi and

neg: USS Arizona (BB-39) Fleet were transferred from California to Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, as a deterrent to Japanese imperialism. During the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941, "Arizona" was bombed. After a bomb detonated in a powder magazine, the battleship exploded violently and sank, with the loss of 1,177 officers and crewmen. Unlike many of the other ships sunk or damaged that day, "Arizona" was irreparably damaged by the force of the magazine explosion, though the Navy removed parts of the ship for reuse. The wreck still lies at the bottom of Pearl Harbor and the USS "Arizona" Memorial. Dedicated on

neg: Mahan-class destroyer lost American pilot, Amelia Earhart. For the next two years, she exercised along the west coast, the Hawaiian Islands, and the Caribbean. When the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, "Drayton" was at sea but able to participate in the post-attack efforts in search of the enemy force. During the succeeding three months, she escorted a convoy to Christmas Island (Kiritimati), screened a carrier in an airstrike on Bougainville Island, and screened a tanker to Suva Harbor, Fiji Islands. In late November 1942 "Drayton" became part of Task Force 67, which intercepted a Japanese naval force guarding transports en route to resupply

neg: Winds Code is why many believe that the Americans missed signs leading up to the Pearl Harbor attack. Following the end of the war, Japanese officials advised General MacArthur that no Winds signal was ever sent relating to the United States. This is supported by the testimony of Commander Joseph Rochefort (based in Naval HQ in Pearl Harbor). However an American intelligence team in Japan led by Colonel Abraham Sinkov of Central Bureau in September and October 1945 found they were told "half-truths or outright lies" by Japanese intelligence specialists, partly as there were rumours that the Americans would execute those involved

neg: Attack on Pearl Harbor memorial. In the wake of the attack, 15 Medals of Honor, 51 Navy Crosses, 53 Silver Stars, four Navy and Marine Corps Medals, one Distinguished Flying Cross, four Distinguished Service Crosses, one Distinguished Service Medal, and three Bronze Star Medals were awarded to the American servicemen who distinguished themselves in combat at Pearl Harbor. Additionally, a special military award, the Pearl Harbor Commemorative Medal, was later authorized for all military veterans of the attack. The day after the attack, Roosevelt delivered his famous Infamy Speech to a Joint Session of Congress, calling for a formal declaration of war on the

neg: Pearl Harbor advance-knowledge conspiracy theory carriers to cripple the American battleships, was a radical enough departure from previous doctrine to leave analysts in the dark. There had been a specific claim of a plan for an attack on Pearl Harbor from the Peruvian Ambassador to Japan in early 1941. (The source of this intelligence was traced to the Ambassador's Japanese cook. It was treated with skepticism, and properly so, given the nascent state of planning for the attack at the time and the unreliability of the source.) Since Yamamoto had not yet decided to even argue for an attack on Pearl Harbor, discounting Ambassador Grew's

neg: USS Sunnadin (ATA-197) action. She returned to Pearl Harbor on 1 March 1966 and resumed normal towing duties, making one tow to Guam in the Marianas in July. On 5 October 1966, the tug was reassigned from the 14th Naval District to the Service Force, Pacific Fleet. "Sunnadin" served this organization for three years, still operating from Pearl Harbor. In early 1968, she made a voyage to American Samoa and Canton Island. In the fall of 1969, an Inspection and Survey Board determined that "Sunnadin" was unfit for further naval service and, on 20 November 1969, she was decommissioned at Pearl Harbor; and

neg: Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor an air attack on Pearl Harbor, but his warnings were ignored. Navy Secretary Knox had also appreciated the possibility of an attack at Pearl Harbor in a written analysis shortly after taking office. American commanders had been warned that tests had demonstrated shallow-water aerial torpedo attacks were possible, but no one in charge in Hawaii fully appreciated this. And in a 1932 fleet problem, a surprise airstrike led by Admiral Harry E. Yarnell had been judged a success and to have caused considerable damage, a finding corroborated in a 1938 exercise by Admiral Ernest King. Nevertheless, because it was believed

neg: USNS Salvor from 30 January to 3 February 1995. She was supporting diving operations for master diver evaluations in the waters off Reef Runway at the Honolulu airport on 6 January 1995, when lost an anchor and 10 shots of chain over the side in a depth of 170 feet. "Salvor" recovered the anchor and chain the following day and returned them Pearl Harbor before departing diver training at Molokini crater and a brief visit to Lahaina, Maui on 9 February 1995. She conducted a dependent's cruise during her return transit to Pearl Harbor on 10 February 1995. "Salvor" was underway near

neg: Breakdown: How America's Intelligence Failures Led to September 11 well-argued case is occasionally freighted by his own predispositions." Breakdown: How America's Intelligence Failures Led to September 11 Breakdown () is a 2003 book by Bill Gertz arguing that U.S. intelligence services "lost sight of [their] purpose and function" due to Clinton administration policies that were more concerned with political correctness than with national defense. "Publishers Weekly" gave it a mixed review, calling it "an unbalanced but revealing expose on the mistakes, misdirections and blunders behind 'the most damaging intelligence failure since Pearl Harbor.'" Sam Roberts writing in "The New York Times" credits Gertz with convincingly arguing that there was

neg: Pearl Harbor Survivors Association REMEMBER PEARL HARBOR - DECEMBER 7, 1941 - ACT OF CONGRESS 1990<br> Back side (Eagle): FOR THOSE WHO SERVED - "A DATE WHICH WILL LIVE IN INFAMY" Pearl Harbor Survivors Association The Pearl Harbor Survivors Association (PHSA), founded in 1958 and recognized by the United States Congress in 1985, was a World War II veterans organization whose members were on Pearl Harbor or three miles or less offshore during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, on December 7, 1941. The PHSA was officially disbanded at the end of December 2011 with a membership of about 2,700 members nationally. The PHSA,

neg: Pearl Harbor advance-knowledge conspiracy theory with Japan, and the question was 'how we should maneuver them [the Japanese] into the position of firing the first shot without allowing too much danger to ourselves.'" However Stimson, in reviewing his diary after the war, recalled that the commanders at Pearl Harbor had been warned of the possibility of attack, and that the poor state of readiness that the attack had revealed was a surprise to him:[Yet] General Short had been told the two essential facts: 1) a war with Japan is threatening, 2) hostile action by Japan is possible at any moment. Given these two facts, both

neg: Tai Sing Loo Tai Sing Loo Tai Sing Loo (1886–1971) was a photographer of Pearl Harbor and many sporting events in Hawaii. From 1909 to 1918, he worked with the Gurrey studio. From 1919 until his retirement in 1949, he served as an official Navy photographer. In that capacity, he photographed the Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard and the battleships, and recorded VIP visits, funerals and recreational events. He also photographed for the Interisland Steamship Company and was an accomplished landscape photographer. Some of his well-known photographs include many of Duke Kahanamoku, Pearl Harbor before and after the bombing, celebrities and presidential visits to

neg: Consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor the war, even without mentioning the 1945 atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by the United States. However, in spite of the perceived inevitability of the war by many Japanese, many also believe the Pearl Harbor attack, although a tactical victory, was actually part of a seriously flawed strategy for engaging in war with the U.S. As one columnist wrote, "The Pearl Harbor attack was a brilliant tactic, but part of a strategy based on the belief that a spirit as firm as iron and as beautiful as cherry blossoms could overcome the materially wealthy United States. That strategy was

neg: Second Happy Time on Pearl Harbor, the U.S. was, on paper at least, in a fortunate position. Where the other combatants on the Allied side had already lost thousands of trained sailors and airmen, and were experiencing shortages of ships and aircraft, the U.S. was at full strength (save for its recent losses at Pearl Harbor). The U.S. had the opportunity to learn about modern naval warfare by observing the conflicts in the North Sea and the Mediterranean, and through a close relationship with the United Kingdom. The U.S. Navy had already gained significant experience in countering U-boats in the Atlantic, particularly from

neg: USS Baham (AG-71) 250 returned—all others were lost during the war heroically defending their country. Later, she steamed to Pearl Harbor where she was placed out of commission on 19 July 1946. "Baham" remained in reserve at Pearl Harbor until March 1947 when she was towed back to San Francisco. Her name was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 22 May 1947. The ship was transferred back to the Maritime Commission and laid up with its National Defense Reserve Fleet at Suisun Bay, California, on 30 June 1947. She remained at Suisun Bay until sold on 9 June 1972 to the Union