query: when did the senate changed to 60 votes

pos: Nuclear option Republicans led by Mitch McConnell extended the nuclear option to Supreme Court and the nomination of Neil Gorsuch ending the debate. As of January 2018, a three-fifths majority vote is still required to end debates on legislation. Beginning with a rules change in 1806, the Senate has traditionally not restricted the total time allowed for debate. In 1917, Rule XXII was amended to allow for ending debate (invoking "cloture") with a two-thirds majority, later reduced in 1975 to three-fifths of all senators "duly chosen and sworn" (usually 60). Thus, although a bill might have majority support, a minority of 41

pos: Henry Bellmon was far closer and ultimately was resolved by the Senate. On election night, He led Rep. Ed Edmondson by only 3,835 votes. Edmondson challenged the result alleging irregularities in the voting, specifically that Tulsa County did not have levers to allow straight-ticket voting, as required under state law, and that the machines had misleading instrunctions. The Oklahoma Supreme Court ruled that there were problems, but Edmondson could not demonstrate that they would’ve changed the result. Edmondson then appealed to the Senate in January 1975, asking it to take up the challenge. Although the Senate voted to seat Bellmon, this was

pos: Colorado court in the state. The state legislative body is the Colorado General Assembly, which is made up of two houses, the House of Representatives and the Senate. The House has 65 members and the Senate has 35. , the Republican Party holds an 18 to 17 majority in the Senate and a 31 to 34 minority in the House. Most Coloradans are native to other states (nearly 60% according to the 2000 census), and this is illustrated by the fact that the state did not have a native-born governor from 1975 (when John David Vanderhoof left office) until 2007, when

pos: Norris Cotton Charles W. Tobey. He was elected to a full term in 1956, reelected twice and served in the Senate until 1975. One of his most controversial votes came when he was the only senator from New England to vote against the Civil Rights Act of 1964. However, Cotton would vote for later civil rights acts such as the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and the Civil Rights Act of 1968. He was a prominent leader of his party in the Senate, chairing the Senate Republican Conference from 1973 to 1975. He did not run for reelection in 1974. Three days

neg: Cloture the necessary supermajority to three-fifths (60 out of 100). However, as a compromise to those who were against the revision, the new rule also changed the requirement for determining the number of votes needed for a cloture motion's passage from those senators "present and voting" to those senators "duly chosen and sworn". Thus, 60 votes for cloture would be necessary regardless of whether every senator voted. The only time a lesser number would become acceptable is when a Senate seat is vacant. For example, if there were two vacancies in the Senate, thereby making 98 senators "duly chosen and sworn",

neg: USA Freedom Act Bill stated it will handicap the NSA and allow terrorist groups to prosper. The USA Freedom Act was not passed by the U.S. Senate on May 22, 2015. By a vote of 57–42, the Senate did not pass the bill that would have required 60 votes to move forward, which meant that the NSA had to start winding down its domestic mass surveillance program. The Senate also rejected, by 54–45, also short of the necessary 60 votes, a two-month extension for the key provision in the Patriot Act that has been used to justify NSA spying, which was set to

neg: Federal Marriage Amendment to proceed to the measure was again considered in the Senate. On June 7, a cloture motion to force a direct vote on the Marriage Protection Amendment was defeated in the Senate by a margin of 49 nay votes to 48 yea votes, with the vote mostly following party lines with Democrats opposing and Republicans in favor. The 48 votes in support of the cloture motion were 12 votes short of the 60-vote supermajority (three-fifths) needed to end debate and force a vote on the Amendment itself. Eight Republican Senators opposed or did not vote; four Democratic Senators favored or

neg: History of health care reform in the United States their healthcare reform proposal, completely revising the content of the bill. The bill as amended would ultimately incorporate elements of proposals that were reported favorably by the Senate Health and Finance committees. With the Republican minority in the Senate vowing to filibuster any bill that they did not support, requiring a cloture vote to end debate, 60 votes would be necessary to get passage in the Senate. At the start of the 111th Congress, Democrats had only 58 votes; the Senate seat in Minnesota that would be won by Al Franken was still undergoing a recount, and Arlen Specter was

neg: Federal Marriage Amendment on July 18, 2006, when the motion failed 236 to 187, falling short of the 290 votes required for passage in that body. The Senate has only voted on cloture motions with regard to the proposed amendment, the last of which was on June 7, 2006, when the motion failed 49 to 48, falling short of the 60 votes required to allow the Senate to proceed to consideration of the proposal and the 67 votes required to send the proposed amendment to the states for ratification. In the United States, civil marriage is governed by state law. Each state is

neg: Energy Savings and Industrial Competitiveness Act of 2014 into the United States Senate on April 28, 2014 by Senator Jeanne Shaheen (D-NH). The Senate considered the bill on May 6 and 7, 2014. On May 12, the Senate voted on a cloture motion that would have led to a final yes or no vote on passing the bill, but the cloture motion failed to pass. Only three Republicans voted in favor of cloture, with the final vote being 55-36, with 60 votes needed to pass. Majority Leader Harry Reid changed his vote from in favor to opposed at last minute so that he would be able to recall

neg: Sliver of a Full Moon senate votes, VAWA receives 68 votes, thus securing a super-majority and is passed, but with an exception for Alaskan tribes. The exception grants only the Metlakatla tribe jurisdiction, excluding the other 228 tribes in Alaska. Dennis and Terri are disheartened but continue to fight to get the bill to pass in the House of Representatives. A chorus of characters recount a time before tribal jurisdiction was removed, and how life changed when it did. They lament the oppression of Native women. It is revealed that House Majority Leader Eric Cantor refused to put the bill to a vote, effectively killing

neg: Campaign finance reform in the United States and Russ Feingold. The bill was passed by the House of Representatives on February 14, 2002, with 240 yeas and 189 nays, including 6 members who did not vote. Final passage in the Senate came after supporters mustered the bare minimum of 60 votes needed to shut off debate. The bill passed the Senate, 60-40 on March 20, 2002, and was signed into law by President Bush on March 27, 2002. In signing the law, Bush expressed concerns about the constitutionality of parts of the legislation but concluded, "I believe that this legislation, although far from perfect, will improve the

neg: Women in the United States Senate the Senate starting in 2017. In 2017 Tammy Duckworth became the first female double amputee in the U.S. Senate. Duckworth became the first woman to give birth while holding a seat in the United States Senate in 2018. Duckworth gave birth to Maile Pearl on April 9, 2018. Shortly afterward, rules were changed so that a Senator has the right to bring a child under one year old on the Senate floor and breastfeed them during votes. The day after those rules were changed, Maile became the first baby on the Senate floor when Duckworth brought her. Cindy Hyde-Smith (R)

neg: Nuclear option from two-thirds of those voting (67 votes if 100 Senators were present) to three-fifths of the current Senate (60 votes if there were no current vacancies) and also to approve a point of order revoking the earlier three votes in which the Constitutional option had been invoked. (This was an effort to reverse the precedent that had been set for cloture by majority vote). Senator Robert Byrd (D-WV) was later able to effect changes in Senate procedures by majority vote four times when he was majority leader without the support of two-thirds of senators present and voting (which would have

neg: Sonia Sotomayor Supreme Court nomination to overcome. There were 40 Republican senators at the time of Sotomayor's confirmation, making a one-party filibuster impossible. Senator Ted Kennedy of Massachusetts, a supporter of the nomination, was not present for voting due to health issues. Since the Senate rules at the time required 60 votes to file cloture for Supreme Court confirmation, this meant that Republican votes were necessary for Sotomayor's confirmation. Nine Republicans voted for Sotomayor when the full Senate ended its debate on the confirmation on August 6. The Senate confirmed Sotomayor on a vote of 68–31. </div> President Obama commissioned Sotomayor an Associate Justice of

neg: Elizabeth MacDonough the Senate under the Byrd Rule, which requires that reconciliation bills must have a budgetary effect. Rather than the simple, filibuster-free 51-vote majority required to pass a reconciliation bill, the 2015 package would require a 60-vote threshold to pass in the Senate, which effectively killed the legislation in the Senate, as Republicans did not hold the requisite votes. Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX) commented MacDonough should be fired or ignored, although since the procedural rulings are officially made by the president of the Senate (in 2015, it was then-Vice President Joe Biden), firing MacDonough would have made no difference, and Sen.

neg: Chuck Hagel Information Systems Inc., a computerized voting machine manufacturer. A member of the Republican Party, Hagel was first elected to the United States Senate in 1996. He was reelected in 2002, but did not run in 2008. On January 7, 2013, President Barack Obama nominated Hagel to serve as Secretary of Defense. On February 12, 2013, the Senate Armed Services Committee approved Hagel's nomination by a vote of 14–11. On February 14, 2013, Senate Republicans denied Democrats the 60 votes needed to end the debate on Hagel's nomination and proceed to a final vote, citing the need for further review. It

neg: Women in the United States Senate on April 9th, 2018. Shortly afterward, rules were changed so that a Senator has the right to bring a child under one year old on the Senate floor and breastfeed them during votes. The day after those rules were changed, Maile became the first baby on the Senate floor when Duckworth brought her. Senator Olympia Snowe (R-ME) arrived in the Senate in 1995, having previously served in the House of Representatives and both houses of the Maine state legislature. She and later Debbie Stabenow of Michigan are the only women to have served in both houses of a state legislature

neg: Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals the Senate. It was considered again in 2011. The bill passed the House, but did not get the 60 votes needed to overcome a Republican filibuster in the Senate. In 2013, legislation had comprehensively reformed the immigration system, including allowing Dreamers permission to stay in the country, work and attend school; this passed the Senate but was not brought up for a vote in the House. The "New York Times" credits the failure of Congress to pass the DREAM Act bill as the driver behind Obama's decision to sign DACA. President Barack Obama announced this policy with a speech in

neg: Mari Carmen Aponte Republicans' filibuster of her nomination. On December 12, 2011, the Senate held a cloture vote on Aponte's nomination. The cloture vote required 60 votes in order to cut off debate and allow the Senate to proceed to an up-or-down vote on Aponte's nomination. However, the cloture vote failed in a mostly party-line, 49–37 vote, with 49 senators voting for cloture and 37 senators (including Reid for parliamentary reasons) opposing it. Because Aponte did not win Senate confirmation before the end of 2011, her tenure in El Salvador ended at the end of December 2011, and she returned to the United

neg: United States Senate motion fails. Filibustered bills require a three-fifths majority to overcome the cloture vote (which usually means 60 votes) and get to the normal vote where a simple majority (usually 51 votes) approves the bill. This has caused some news media to confuse the 60 votes needed to overcome a filibuster with the 51 votes needed to approve a bill, with for example USA Today erroneously stating ""The vote was 58-39 in favor of the provision establishing concealed carry permit reciprocity in the 48 states that have concealed weapons laws. That fell two votes short of the 60 needed to approve

neg: Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2007 bill's over with. The bill's gone." However, at the urging of President Bush, the bill was brought back for discussion in the Senate as bill S. 1639 on June 25. On June 26, a motion to proceed passed the Senate, by a margin of 64–35 (under Senate rules it needed 60 votes). A number of amendments to the bill were considered and rejected. On June 28, the bill failed to get the 60 votes necessary to end debate. The final cloture vote lost, 46–53. This effectively ended its chances, and President Bush said he was disappointed at Congress's failure to

neg: 2004 California Proposition 62 the U.S. Senate. The proposition did exempt presidential primary elections and elections of party central committees. The provisions of Proposition 62 conflicted with those of Proposition 60, which the California State Legislature referred on the ballot. That proposition essentially re-affirmed the existing partisan primary system. The California Constitution provides that if the provisions of two approved propositions are in conflict, only the provisions of the measure with the higher number of "yes" votes at the statewide election take effect. Since Prop 60 passed and Prop 62 did not, the issue was moot. Summary of Legislative Analyst's Estimate of Net State

neg: Konni Burton gained the Republican nomination; Burton received 17,435 votes (60%), while Shelton received 11,515 votes (40%). Burton then defeated the Democratic nominee, Libby Willis, who carried Wendy Davis's support, 95,484 votes (53%) to 80,806 (45%), retaking the Senate seat for the Republicans. Burton is a member of the Higher Education, Criminal Justice, Nominations, and Veteran Affairs & Military Installations committees, and serves as vice-chair of the latter committee. A Rice University Baker Institute study of Texas Senate roll-call votes from January 2011 to May 2017 showed that Burton was the most conservative member of the Texas Senate. During the 2016 Republican

neg: Lesser prairie chicken opposed by the League of Conservation Voters. When the Senate voted on the Keystone bill, it did not get the 60 votes in favor that was required to pass. It got only 53 Republican and 1 Democratic Senator to vote in favor. Lesser prairie chicken The lesser prairie chicken ("Tympanuchus pallidicinctus") is a species in the grouse family. It is a medium to large bird, striped white and brown, slightly smaller and paler than its near relative the greater prairie chicken. Adults range from 15.0-16.1 in (38-41 cm) in length and 22.1-28.7 oz (628-813 g) in weight. About half of

neg: Steve Fielding and Labor preferences, defeating the Australian Greens' candidate David Risstrom for the last Senate place in Victoria. As a result, Fielding was elected although his party as a whole received just 56,376 votes (1.9%) for the Senate in Victoria. When first elected, the Howard Government held a slim majority in the Senate, sufficient that Fielding would only hold the balance of power if one of the government senators chose to cross the floor. This changed after the 2007 federal election (the changes of which took effect in 2008), when the balance of power in the Senate shifted to a combination

neg: Niihau did not cast ballots. In 2006 Dan Akaka received 60.3% of votes in the 2006 Senate election to Cynthia Thielen's 36.1%. In 2008, Niihau's precinct was one of only 3 of Hawaii's 538 precincts to vote for John McCain over Barack Obama. McCain received 35 votes, Obama received 4, and Cynthia McKinney received 1. In the 2016 Presidential Election, nearly 60% of the vote went for Donald Trump. The 2010 census states that there were 170 people living on the island. However, witness accounts estimate that the population actually ranges between 35-50 people. Some support themselves largely by subsistence fishing

neg: Nuclear option minority to block final action via an initial filibuster. The nuclear option was raised again following the congressional elections of 2012, this time with Senate Democrats in the majority (but short of a supermajority). The Democrats had been the majority party in the Senate since 2007 but only briefly did they have the 60 votes necessary to halt a filibuster. "The Hill" reported that Democrats would "likely" use the nuclear option in January 2013 to effect filibuster reform, but the two parties managed to negotiate two packages of amendments to the Rules concerning filibusters that passed on January 24, 2013,

neg: Illinois Senate elections of Barack Obama his biggest mistake not getting to Honolulu in time to be at her bedside when she died. Obama remained in Honolulu for his mother's private memorial service and returned to Chicago soon after. On November 28, 1995, after finishing a distant third in the 2nd Congressional District special primary election behind the winner, 30-year-old Jesse Jackson, Jr., and 60-year-old Emil Jones, Jr., and dismayed at receiving only 2,917 votes in Chicago and 3,426 votes in suburban Cook County, a disappointed 56-year-old Alice Palmer told a small gathering at a Harvey hotel that she wouldn't seek re-election to the state Senate

neg: Brian Boquist he was leaving the Oregon House to seek election to the state Senate. He was unopposed for his party's nomination to represent Oregon Senate District 12 and faced Democrat Kevin Nortness in the general election. He won the general election 61% to 39% garnering 33,264 votes. (Jim Thompson, whom Boquist defeated for the state House in 2004, won the election with 15,878 votes to succeed Boquist in the House.) Boquist was re-elected the Oregon State Senate in 2012 with 60% of the vote, garnering 34,038 votes. Boquist serves as the Chairman of the Veterans and Emergency Preparedness Committee in the

neg: 1998 President of the Senate of the Czech Republic election had supported Pithart, which was confirmed by Ivan Havlíček. Pithart himself did not vote. In the second round, Benešová received 40 votes, Pithart 37 and two votes were invalid, and Benešová therefore became the new President. Benešová stated she was happy to be elected and appreciated the support from Senators. Pithart said he was not disappointed and described his result as an "honourable loss". Benešová remained as the President until the 2000 Senate elections, when she lost her Senate seat, and was succeeded by Pithart. 1998 President of the Senate of the Czech Republic election An election of the President

neg: Citizens United v. FEC was criticized as prohibiting much activity that was legal before "Citizens United". The DISCLOSE Act twice failed to pass the U.S. Senate in the 111th Congress, in both instances reaching only 59 of the 60 votes required to overcome a unified Republican filibuster. A scaled down version of the DISCLOSE Act was reintroduced in both the House and Senate in 2012 but did not pass. Some have argued for a constitutional amendment to overturn the decision. Although the decision does not address "corporate personhood," a long-established judicial and constitutional concept, much attention has focused on that issue. Move to Amend,

neg: Nevada Senate, District 3 65% of the votes. In 2016, incumbent Segerblom ran for re-election. He was contested by Republican Dennis Palmerston and Libertarian Jonathan Friedrich, a former general contractor. No primaries were held. Segerblom said again he would advocate criminal justice reform to reduce the number of prisoners. Furthermore, he said he supported the legalization of recreational marihuana. Libertarian contender Friedrich said he was against the legalization of marihuana, and criticized homeowner associations. Friedrich had never held public office before. Palmerston did not actively campaign. The election on November 8 was won by incumbent Segerblom, who received just over 60% of the votes.

neg: Judy Feder 10 Democratic primary and faced Republican incumbent Frank Wolf in the November 4 general election. Judy Feder lost the bid for election to Frank Wolf during the November 4 general elections 36% to 60%. With 190 of 194 precincts reporting she had 123,627 votes to Frank Wolf's 198,286 votes and Neraj Nigam's 7,353 votes. In a year when Democrats won the Presidential vote and the open Virginia Senate race, Judy Feder actually received a lower percentage of the vote than she had received in 2006. Judy Feder Judith M. Feder is a Professor of Public Policy at Georgetown University and

neg: Tammy Duckworth changed so that a Senator has the right to bring a child under one year old on the Senate floor and breastfeed them during votes. The day after those rules were changed, Maile became the first baby on the Senate floor when Duckworth brought her. During her unsuccessful congressional campaign in 2006, Duckworth called on Congress to audit the estimated $437 billion spent on overseas military and foreign aid since September 11, 2001. On September 30, 2006, Duckworth gave the Democratic Party's response to President George W. Bush's weekly radio address. In it, she was critical of Bush's strategy for

neg: White House shakeup (2004) of Democrats who opposed her confirmation, there was never any doubt that she would be confirmed. No nominee for Secretary of State has ever not been confirmed, and there was never a second choice nominee mentioned. However, she did receive the most "no" votes since Henry Kissinger, who received 7. The same day, Jim Nicholson was confirmed as Secretary of Veterans Affairs and Michael O. Leavitt was confirmed as Secretary of Health and Human Services. Sam Bodman was confirmed by the Senate on January 31. Alberto Gonzales was confirmed 60-36 on February 3, 2005 with all of the "no" votes

neg: Doug Black non-partisan organization dedicated to the development of a Canadian energy framework. In August 2012, Black was named as one of Canada’s 25 most influential lawyers for 2012 by Canadian Lawyer Magazine. Black ran as one of three Progressive Conservative senate nominees in the 2012 Alberta senate nominee election. He finished first out of thirteen candidates in the province wide vote taking 428,791 votes. He was appointed to the Senate on January 25, 2013 and sat as a Conservative until July 2016 when he changed his designation to Independent. Black currently sits on the Senate Committees on Transport and Communications; and

neg: W. Lair Thompson 1913 regular session, which ended on March 3. Since Oregon state senators serve a four-year term, Thompson did not have to run for re-election prior to the opening of the 1915 legislative session. However, once the November 1914 general election was over, he announced that he would actively seek the President of the Senate position. Just a few days after the election, Thompson had 11 of the 16 votes he needed to be elected Senate President. By mid-December, he had enough pledged votes to ensure his election. When the Oregon Senate elected its president in January 1915, Thompson was the

neg: 1998 United States Senate elections Democrat John Breaux won re-election to a third term. As of 2016, this is the last time the Democrats have won the Class 3 Senate Seat from Louisiana. Incumbent Democrat Barbara Mikulski won re-election to a third term. Incumbent Republican Kit Bond won re-election to a third term. Incumbent Democrat Harry Reid won re-election to a third term. Reid won in a close election by 401 votes -- even closer than Tim Johnson's Senate run in South Dakota in 2002, when he narrowly defeated Congressman John Thune by 524 votes. Ensign did not contest the results, and Reid won the

neg: Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of proposals that were reported favorably by the Senate Health and Finance committees. With the Republican Senate minority vowing to filibuster, 60 votes would be necessary to pass the Senate. At the start of the 111th Congress, Democrats had only 58 votes; the Senate seat in Minnesota ultimately won by Al Franken was still undergoing a recount, while Arlen Specter was still a Republican (he became a Democrat in April, 2009). Negotiations were undertaken attempting to satisfy moderate Democrats and to bring Republican senators aboard; particular attention was given to Republicans Bennett, Enzi, Grassley and Snowe. On July 7 Franken

neg: 2005 debate on nuclear option (United States Senate) Republican majority eliminated the Supreme Court exception in order to defeat a filibuster on the nomination of Neil Gorsuch. 2005 debate on nuclear option (United States Senate) The 2005 debate on the nuclear option was a political debate in the United States Senate regarding the possible use of the nuclear option to allow a simple majority to confirm judicial nominees. At the time, three-fifths of all senators duly chosen and sworn (then 60 votes) were required to end debate on nominations under Rule XXII of the Senate's standing rules. The debate was sparked when Majority Leader Bill Frist (Republican of

neg: 2005 debate on nuclear option (United States Senate) 2005 debate on nuclear option (United States Senate) The 2005 debate on the nuclear option was a political debate in the United States Senate regarding the possible use of the nuclear option to allow a simple majority to confirm judicial nominees. At the time, three-fifths of all senators duly chosen and sworn (then 60 votes) were required to end debate on nominations under Rule XXII of the Senate's standing rules. The debate was sparked when Majority Leader Bill Frist (Republican of Tennessee) threatened its use to end Democratic-led filibusters of judicial nominees submitted by President George W. Bush. In response

neg: Ben Bernanke background, temperament, courage and creativity helped to prevent another Great Depression in 2008. When Senate Banking Committee hearings on his nomination began on December 3, 2009, several senators from both parties indicated they would not support a second term. However, Bernanke was confirmed for a second term as chairman on January 28, 2010, by a 70–30 vote of the full Senate, the narrowest margin, at the time, for any occupant of the position. (For the roll-call vote, see Obama confirmations, 2010.) The Senate first voted 77–23 to end debate, Bernanke winning more than the 60 approval votes needed to overcome

neg: Same-sex marriage in the Netherlands 2000, the final legislation draft was debated in the Dutch Parliament. The marriage bill passed the House of Representatives by 109 votes to 33 on 12 September 2000. The Senate approved the bill on 19 December 2000 by 49 to 26 votes. Only the Christian parties, which held 26 of the 75 seats at the time, voted against the bill. Although the Christian Democratic Appeal would form the next Government, they did not indicate any intention to repeal the law. The main article of the law changed article 1:30 in the marriage law to read as follows: The law came

neg: Wayne H. Babbitt Arkansas newspapers. He questioned why McClellan did not retire in 1972, when the veteran senator turned seventy-six. He cited McClellan's attendance record in the Senate, where he had cast votes only half the time on Senate roll calls in 1972 alone. McClellan missed the vote when his Arkansas colleague, James William Fulbright, brought forth a proposal to bring the Amtrak passenger train line into Arkansas. "Maybe at seventy-six years of age, you have grown tired of putting your votes on the record," declared Babbitt in one of the letters. He declared McClellan to have been "a nineteenth century leader" misusing

neg: 2004 California Proposition 60 Instead, in "Californians for an Open Primary v. Shelley", the Third District Court of Appeals ordered that the proposition be split, so that the provisions relating to government property would become a separate measure, called Proposition 60A. Proposition 60 (including the provisions later excised) was approved by the California State Senate by a vote of 28-3 and by the State Assembly by a by 55-21. On November 2, 2004 it was approved by voters by a majority of 5,806,708 (67.3%) "Yes" votes, to 2,829,284 (32.7%) "No" votes. Proposition 60A was also approved by voters. 2004 California Proposition 60 Proposition 60

neg: John Proos (R) in the Republican primary by a landslide margin, earning 77-percent of the total votes cast. Proos had similar success in the general election against his opponent Scott Elliott (D), earning nearly two-thirds of the total votes cast. At the time of the elections, Michigan's 21st Senate District included communities in Berrien, Cass and most of Van Buren Counties. Proos was easily re-elected to represent Michigan's 21st Senate District again earning nearly two-thirds of the total votes cast against his opponent Bette Piermann (D). Because of legislative redistricting, the boundaries of the 21st Senate District had changed to encompass all

neg: 1885 United States Senate election in Illinois last call, but no one changed their votes. Logan was elected to the US Senate with 103 votes to Tree's 96. Republicans cheered for the next ten minutes, then Logan gave an accepting speech and the meeting was adjourned. 1885 United States Senate election in Illinois The 1885 United States Senate election in Illinois was held from February 18 to May 19, 1885. The contentious election was determined by a joint session of the Illinois General Assembly. Incumbent Republican United States Senator John A. Logan, seeking a third term (second consecutive) in the United States Senate, was unanimously nominated by

neg: Kim Guadagno Lt. Governor Guadagno ruled that Carl Lewis, the Olympic Gold Medalist running as a Democrat, could not appear on the ballot in the 8th Legislative District for State Senate because he had voted in California two years before and did not meet the four-year state residency requirement; this allowed the incumbent to run unopposed. Two years later, in the Special Senate election, when there had not been enough votes cast in the primary to entitle Republicans to their own line, she gave Steve Lonegan one of the two first columns, though critics claimed that Lonegan had not received enough votes

neg: Nuclear option Nuclear option The nuclear option is a parliamentary procedure that allows the United States Senate to override a rule – specifically the 60-vote rule to close debate – by a simple majority of 51 votes, rather than the two-thirds supermajority normally required to amend the rules. The option is invoked when the majority leader raises a point of order that only a simple majority is needed to close debate on certain matters. The presiding officer denies the point of order based on Senate rules, but the ruling of the chair is then appealed and overturned by majority vote, establishing new

neg: Filibuster in the United States Senate effective 60-vote Democratic majority (including independents) in the Senate during the 111th Congress. During that time period, the Senate passed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, commonly known as the ACA or "Obamacare," on Dec. 24, 2009 by a vote of 60-39 (after invoking cloture by the same 60-39 margin). However, Obama's proposal to create a public health insurance option was removed from the health care legislation because it could not command 60-vote support. House Democrats did not approve of all aspects of the Senate bill, but after 60-vote Senate control was permanently lost in February 2010 due to

neg: Albert Hale in January 2004 when he was appointed by the governor to fill the Arizona Senate seat from the 2nd district, vacated by Jack Jackson, Sr. During his time in the Arizona Senate, Hale had the worst attendance of any state Senator. In 2011, he was elected to the Arizona House of Representatives, and was re-elected in 2012. In the Arizona House of Representatives, Hale is 55 out of 60 in worst attendance for votes. On November 22, 2014, Hale was arrested on suspicion of DUI by the Arizona Department of Public Safety. He was booked into the Navajo County jail

neg: Secretary of the California State Senate for recording votes on the Senate floor. The secretary is one of three non-member officers selected for each two-year session; the body also appoints a chaplain and sergeant-at-arms. ("California's Legislature" (2006 edition), California State Assembly: Sacramento. p. 149) The current secretary of the Senate is Daniel Alvarez, who was first elected on October 15, 2014. The longest-serving secretary of the Senate was Joseph Beek, who served from 1919 to 1968 (with the exception of 1921, when he did not serve). Secretary of the California State Senate The Secretary of the California Senate is a nonpartisan officer of the Senate and

neg: Filibuster in the United States Senate so that three-fifths of sworn senators (60 votes out of 100) could limit debate, except for changing Senate rules which still requires a two-thirds majority of those present and voting to invoke cloture. However, by returning to an absolute number of all Senators (60) rather than a proportion of those present and voting, the change also made any filibusters easier to sustain on the floor by a small number of senators from the minority party without requiring the presence of their minority colleagues. This further reduced the majority's leverage to force an issue through extended debate. The Senate also experimented

neg: William Borah in Idaho, seeking a sixth term in the Senate. For the first time since the people had been given the right to elect senators, the Democrats ran a serious candidate against him, Governor C. Ben Ross. Although Idahoans overwhelmingly voted for Roosevelt, who won all states but Maine and Vermont, Borah still took over 60 percent of their votes in his re-election bid. Only sixteen Republicans remained in the Senate, most progressives, when Congress met in January 1937, but Borah retained much influence as he was liked and respected by Democrats. Many of Roosevelt's New Deal policies, such as the

neg: Rob Portman Portman PAC to encourage Portman to run for president in 2016. However, Portman announced in December 2014 that he would not run for president and would instead seek a second term in the United States Senate. <nowiki>*</nowiki>Write-in and minor candidate notes: In 2002, James Condit, Jr. received 13 votes. In 2004, James Condit, Jr. received 60 votes. <nowiki>**</nowiki>Portman resigned his term early to serve as U.S. Trade Representative. Portman married Jane Dudley in July 1986. Dudley, who previously worked for Democratic Congressman Tom Daschle, "agreed to become a Republican when her husband agreed to become a Methodist." The Portmans attend

neg: History of the New York Rangers candidate for the State Senate in the 21st District, which includes Sheepshead Bay, Mill Basin and other parts of southern Brooklyn. When he was unable to gather enough signatures to make the ballot, the Republican party had no candidate in the contest. Comas did run on the Conservative line. He managed to gather 3,255 votes, or 7.64% of the total votes counted, losing to incumbent Carl Kruger, who was convicted on federal bribery charges in 2011. Shortly after his bid for the New York State Senate failed, the Chief moved to Florida, where he resided until his death on September

neg: Donal C. Fox Mark Anton. Anton faced a split among Essex Republican factions after just narrowly defeating Assembly Majority Leader William O. Barnes in the GOP Primary. Fox beat Anton by 7,809 votes out of more than 230,000 cast, a 51%-48% win. Fox won re-election to a second term in 1959, defeating Republican Alfred Clapp, who served in the State Senate from 1948 to 1953, when he resigned to become a Superior Court Judge. Clapp left the bench to help the GOP regain the Senate seat, but Fox won by 14,582 votes, a 51%-45% win. He did not seek re-election to a third

neg: 2012 United States Senate election in Minnesota in November 2011 that he saw the Senate election as "a distraction from having our best and brightest engaged in state legislative races". At the party's convention in June 2012, neither candidate was endorsed although Williams won a majority of the votes and came within two votes of the required 60% needed for the party's endorsement. He proceeded with his run for the Senate but the party focused its attention on state legislative races. Klobuchar and Bills held their second debate on August 29, 2012 at the State Fair, sponsored by MPR News. Their third debate, on September 16 in

neg: Martha McSally would allow insurers to charge individuals with preexisting conditions more. McSally said the bill was "not perfect" but that it was better than the "failed system" of the Affordable Care Act. After the AHCA passed, McSally proposed a stand-alone bill to strike the exemption of Congress from state waiver provisions; it passed by a 429-0 vote and would require 60 votes to pass the U.S. Senate. When running for the Senate in 2018, McSally said "We cannot go back to where we were before Obamacare." In December 2014, McSally criticized President Obama's executive actions on immigration (the Deferred Action for

neg: Gabriel Oba-Apounou of the Senate's Foreign Affairs and Cooperation Committee on 29 August 2008. Oba-Apounou was eventually succeeded as President of the PCT's Brazzaville Federation by Gabriel Ondongo in March 2014. Although he wanted to keep his post, the party leadership insisted that he step down. The decision to replace him was attributed to a desire for renewal in leadership posts, and PCT Secretary-General Pierre Ngolo spoke warmly of Oba-Apounou's experience and wisdom. Oba-Apounou was re-elected to the Senate in October 2014 as a PCT candidate in Plateaux, receiving 60 out of 61 possible votes. When the Senate met later in the

neg: 2007 Senegalese Senate election won 40 votes, and the Bloc for the Reinforcement of Democracy in Senegal (BRDS) won 7 votes. Most of the main opposition parties boycotted the senatorial election, as they did the June 2007 National Assembly election. The results were confirmed by the Constitutional Council on August 28, 2007, and the Senate was installed on September 26. Former National Assembly President Pape Diop, one of the appointed Senators, was elected President of the Senate on October 3, receiving the votes of 99 of the 100 Senators. 2007 Senegalese Senate election Indirect Senate elections were held in Senegal on 19 August 2007.

neg: Jiří Hlavatý He eventually became the CEO of the company. Juta became a private company after the Velvet Revolution. Hlavatý owns Juta since 2007. Hlavatý entered politics in 2014 when he ran in Senate election for Trutnov seat. He was nominated by ANO 2011. Hlavatý received 26% in the first round and 60% in run-off and defeated TOP 09 nominee Adolf Klepš. Hlavatý participated in 2017 legislative election. He was placed last on ANO 2011 list for Hradec Králové region. He was elected due to preferential votes. Hlavatý lost his Senate seat as a result. By-election i Trutnov district was called for

neg: Paycheck Fairness Act just one year out of college. The pay gap has widened 10 years after graduation. President Barack Obama said in March 2011 that he will continue to fight for the goals in the Paycheck Fairness Act. The bill was reintroduced in both houses of Congress in April 2011. On June 5, 2012, the bill fell short of the 60 votes necessary to override a filibuster and did not make it to the Senate floor for debate. The vote went along party lines, excluding a vote against by Democrat Harry Reid. (Senator Reid changes his vote as a procedural maneuver, which

neg: Caitlin Halligan a 54-45 vote, falling six votes short of the 60 votes needed to move forward with a floor vote on her nomination. Her nomination was returned to the President on December 17, 2011, pursuant to the rules of the Senate. Halligan was renominated on June 11, 2012. Two more attempts to gain cloture on her confirmation failed, and on August 3, 2012 her nomination was again returned to the White House. She was renominated on September 19, 2012. Her nomination was again returned to the President on January 2, 2013, due to the sine die adjournment of the Senate. On

neg: Evan Enwerem Nigerian Senate in 1999 to represent the Imo-East Senatorial Zone He became the first President of the Nigerian Senate during Nigeria's Fourth Republic. Enwerem beat his chief rival, Senator Chuba Okadigbo, for the Senate presidency on June 3, 1999. Former Nigerian President Olusegun Obasanjo backed Enwerem for President of the Senate against Okadigbo. With the support of the Obasanjo's allies in the governing parties, plus support from two Nigerian opposition parties, Enwerem easily defeated Okadigbo with 66 votes to Okadigbo's 43 votes. Enwerem did not hold the post of President of the Nigerian Senate for very long. A Nigerian Senate

neg: Ester, Alaska McCain. In the 2010 gubernatorial election, Democrat Ethan Berkowitz received 419 votes (54.8%) to Republican Sean Parnell's 321 votes (42.0%). In the 2010 Senate election, Democrat Scott McAdams received 335 votes (43.7%) compared with 211 votes each (27.5%) for Republicans Lisa Murkowski and Joe Miller. Statewide, McAdams came in third with 23% of the vote. In the 2016 presidential election, 60% of the votes went to Democrat Hillary Clinton compared to 28% for Republican Donald Trump. There was a wide range in election results in the precincts surrounding Ester; results ranged from 18% to 62% for Clinton, and from 20%

neg: Matteo Renzi drastically changed were finally passed by the Senate on 13 October 2015. The vote was won by 176 votes to 16, with a large number of senators abstaining from the vote in protest at having to vote on abolishing many of their own powers. The last vote was held on 12 April 2016, when the Chamber finally approved the reform with 361 votes while all the oppositions abandoned the house. On 4 December 2016, the reform was rejected in a constitutional referendum. As a result of the Libyan and Syrian Civil Wars, a major problem faced by Renzi upon becoming

neg: 1838 and 1839 United States Senate elections U.S. Senator. The Assembly nominated Nathaniel P. Tallmadge "by the votes of all the Whig members." (see Hammond, page 512) Although the Democratic State Senate majority did not object to be outvoted on joint ballot for the election of Whigs to State offices, they rejected the idea of electing a renegade Democratic to the U.S. Senate, and took refuge to the only means to defeat Tallmadge: They did not nominate anybody, following the precedents of 1819-1820 and 1825-1826, so that a joint ballot could not be held. On the first ballot, Tallmadge received 13 votes out of 31 cast, all

neg: 1839–1840 United States Senate election in New York U.S. Senator. The Assembly nominated Nathaniel P. Tallmadge "by the votes of all the Whig members." (see Hammond, page 512) Although the Democratic State Senate majority did not object to be outvoted on joint ballot for the election of Whigs to State offices, they rejected the idea of electing a renegade Democrat to the U.S. Senate, and took refuge to the only means to defeat Tallmadge: They did not nominate anybody, following the precedents of 1819-1820 and 1825-1826, so that a joint ballot could not be held. On the first ballot, Tallmadge received 13 votes out of 31 cast, all

neg: Pape Diop the party's Steering Committee and National Secretariat as of 2002. He served as President of the National Assembly until June 2007, when he was replaced by former Prime Minister Macky Sall; Diop was expected to become President of the Senate, which was being re-established. Diop did not run in the 2007 Senate election and was instead one of the 65 Senators appointed by Wade. He was elected as President of the Senate on October 3, 2007; as the only candidate for the position, he received the votes of 99 of the 100 Senators. As Senate President, Diop would constitutionally succeed

neg: Chuck Hagel the Senate. Despite the committee's February 12, 2013, 14-to-11 vote to approve Hagel, committee member James Inhofe vowed to use procedural tactics to delay a full Senate confirmation vote. Inhofe told the National Review "Each day that goes by will make it more difficult for Democrats who say they are pro-Israel to hold out." On February 14 Republicans refused to close debate on Hagel's nomination, which would require 60 votes, even though the nomination was assured the simple majority of votes needed to pass. Reasons given included a demand for more White House information about the 2012 Benghazi attack, remaining

neg: 1983 United States embassy bombing in Beirut armed forces in Lebanon or for the creation of a new, expanded or extended multinational peacekeeping force in Lebanon." If Congress did not act jointly on such a request within 60 days, however, the increase would then take effect automatically. The Senate amendment was sponsored as a compromise by committee Chairman Charles H. Percy (R, Ill.). It prevented a move by the committee's ranking Democrat, Claiborne Pell (R.I.), to extend the 1973 War Powers Resolution to Lebanon. On April 20, Pell said he would have had the votes to apply the resolution to U.S. Marines in Lebanon. The law limited

neg: United States Senate career of Hillary Clinton during the automotive industry crisis of 2008, Clinton voted in favor of a $14 billion emergency bailout for U.S. automakers, but it failed to gain the 60 votes needed for cloture. According to a 2015 "Washington Free Beacon" study, Clinton's senatorial office paid women 28 percent less than men who worked in the office on average throughout her time as a senator. Analysis was done using salaries paid to senatorial office staff from fiscal years 2002 to 2008. The study did not control for the level of jobs involved or any part-time or flexible work arrangements. Rejecting the "Free Beacon"

neg: Senate of Canada proposed bills in detail either as a whole or in committees. This careful review process is why the Senate is still today called the chamber of "sober second thought", though the term has a slightly different meaning than it did when used by John A. Macdonald. The format of the Senate allows it to make many small improvements to legislation before its final reading. The Senate, at times, is more active at reviewing, amending, and even rejecting legislation. In the first 60 years after Confederation, approximately 180 bills were passed by the House of Commons and sent to the Senate

neg: Winner-Take-All Politics taxpayers on the hook," in "`populist` commercials and sound bites" for voters. In the early 1990s, the minority party in the Senate (often the Republicans) made use of the filibuster to create "something approaching a de facto 'rule of sixty'", whereby 60 votes rather than a majority, were needed to pass laws. While only about 8% of major bills in the 1960s were filibustered, 70% were from 2000-2010. The minority Republican party could and did use the filibuster to make the reformist majority "look ineffectual" and fuel "popular disdain for politics." Democratic "moderates", and Democrats the authors call "Republicans-for-a-day", aided

neg: California Democratic Party seat (thus increasing their majority) in the State Assembly while maintaining their current majority in the State Senate. In the 2012 election, California Democrats experienced tremendous success once again: not only did President Barack Obama win California's 55 electoral votes again with over 60% of the vote and Senator Dianne Feinstein reelected with over 62% of the vote, but California Democrats - despite running in federal and legislative districts that were redrawn by an independent redistricting commission for the first time, per the passage of Propositions 11 and 20, and the implementation of a new blanket primary - also won

neg: Filibuster in the United States Senate of 1974 that created the budget reconciliation process. More recently, changes in 2013 and 2017 now require only a simple majority to invoke cloture on nominations, although legislation still requires 60 votes. One or more senators may still occasionally hold the floor for an extended period, sometimes without the advance knowledge of the Senate leadership. However, these "filibusters" usually result only in brief delays and are not outcome-determinative, since the Senate's ability to act ultimately depends upon whether there are sufficient votes to invoke cloture and proceed to a final vote on passage. However, such brief delays can be politically

neg: Mel Watt and move to a final up-or-down vote. The motion failed on October 31, with 56 votes in favor, shy of the 60 needed to pass. After a series of procedural votes on December 10, 2013, the Senate voted 57-40 to invoke cloture on Watt's nomination, ending the Republican filibuster under the Senate's recently modified rules for cloture on executive branch nominees. Later that same day, the Senate confirmed Watt in a 57-41 vote. Watt was investigated in July 2018 for sexually harassing an employee. In 2004, Ralph Nader attended a meeting with the Congressional Black Caucus, at which Nader clashed

neg: Seanad Éireann (Irish Free State) or three-fifths of all members of the Dáil so requested. There would then be a further period of ninety days within which either 5% of all registered voters or 60% of the Senate could demand a referendum on the bill. The referendum would be decided by a majority of votes cast and if rejected the bill would not become law. Article 47 did not apply to money bills or bills declared by both houses to be "necessary for the immediate preservation of the public peace, health or safety". In 1928, Article 47 was repealed in its entirety, along with Article

neg: Lyndon B. Johnson that Johnson would occasionally send senators on NATO trips in order to avoid their dissenting votes. Central to Johnson's control was "The Treatment", described by two journalists: A 60-cigarette-per-day smoker, Johnson suffered a near-fatal heart attack on July 2, 1955. He abruptly gave up smoking as a result and, with only a couple of exceptions, did not resume the habit until he left the White House on January 20, 1969. Johnson announced he would remain as his party's leader in the Senate on New Year's Eve 1955, his doctors reporting he had made "a most satisfactory recovery" since his heart

neg: National Revival of Poland 0.30%, or about 41 000 votes. In the 2007 parliamentary election, the NOP received 42 407 votes in four electoral districts. In the self-government regional elections in 2010, the party received 0.24% of the vote. In the 2011 parliamentary elections, NOP senate candidate Anetta Stemler, running in the 1st electoral district, received 2934 votes, or 3.10%. She failed to win the Senate seat. After the 2011 parliamentary elections, NOP did not take part in any further elections; be it to Sejm, Senate or even local. National Revival of Poland National Rebirth of Poland (), abbreviated to NOP, is an ultranationalist,

neg: Lyndon B. Johnson (he had Texas law changed to allow him to run for both offices). When he won the vice presidency, he made arrangements to resign from the Senate, as he was required to do under federal law, as soon as it convened on January 3, 1961." (In 1988, Lloyd Bentsen, the vice presidential running mate of Democratic presidential candidate Michael Dukakis, and a Senator from Texas, took advantage of "Lyndon's law," and was able to retain his seat in the Senate despite Dukakis' loss to George H. W. Bush.) Johnson was re-elected Senator with 1,306,605 votes (58 percent) to Republican John

neg: Jimmy Gomez the United Nurses Association of California. On December 5, 2016, Gomez announced his candidacy for the special election to succeed Xavier Becerra in the United States House of Representatives for . Gomez received endorsements from Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti, Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon (D-Paramount) and Senate leader Kevin de León (D-Los Angeles), among others. On April 4, 2017, Gomez came in first during the special election. Since he did not receive a majority of the votes, he faced fellow Democrat Robert Lee Ahn, the runner-up, in a special runoff election on June 6, 2017. Gomez won with 60% of

neg: 1996 United States Senate elections least 1852. Nonetheless, Max Cleland defeated Guy Millner on November 5. Max Cleland narrowly edged out a victory with 1,103,993 votes (48.87%) to Guy Millner's 1,073,969 votes (47.54%) – a margin of 1.33%. The Class 2 United States Senate seat had been reliably Democratic, with a member of that party holding it since 1852. Additionally, no Republican had ever held at seat since it was established in 1789. In fact, during the previous election, Sam Nunn was unanimously re-elected and defeated Mike Hicks by an almost 60% margin in 1984. Republican Paul Coverdell narrowly unseated Democrat Wyche Fowler in Georgia's

neg: Filibuster in the United States Senate the 2013 change by invoking the "nuclear option" for Supreme Court nominees. This was done in order to allow a simple majority to confirm Neil Gorsuch to the Supreme Court. The vote to change the rules was 52 to 48 along party lines. The only bills that are not currently subject to effective 60-vote requirements are those considered under provisions of law that limit time for debating them. These limits on debate allow the Senate to hold a simple-majority vote on final passage without obtaining the 60 votes normally needed to close debate. As a result, many major legislative actions

neg: 2008 Italian Senate election, North and Central American division and also cast a first preference vote for a specific candidate. The party with the highest number of list votes won the Senate seat, and the winning party's candidate with the highest number of first preference votes was declared elected. Four electoral lists contested the North and Central American Senate division. The same lists also fielded candidates for the Chamber of Deputies and North and Central America. The governing centre-left Democratic Party ran a united slate, as did Berlusconi's right-wing opposition list. The moderately conservative Union of the Centre (UDC), formerly aligned with Berlusconi, ran a separate list, as did

neg: Potter County, Pennsylvania In 2004, George W. Bush received 5,640 votes (71%) to 2,268 votes (29%) for John Kerry. The county has voted for the Republican in every presidential election since 1964. In 2006, Rick Santorum received 3,476 votes (63%) to 2,012 votes (37%) for Bob Casey, Jr., making it Santorum's strongest county in his defeat. Lynn Swann also received more than 60% of the Potter County vote in his defeat. In 2016, Donald Trump and Pat Toomey were overwhelmingly elected in Potter County for the U.S. presidential election and U.S. Senate election respectively. Trump won 80.31% of the vote over Hillary Clinton

neg: 2008 Oregon state elections in the Oregon House of Representatives, while the Oregon Republican Party gained one seat in the state Senate, the one Democrat Ben Westlund vacated to run for state treasurer. Going into the 2009 legislative session, Democrats will have a 36-member majority in the 60-seat House, and an 18-member majority in the 30-seat Senate. These three-fifths majorities give Democrats exactly the number of votes in each house needed to pass any bills that raise revenue, due to the supermajority requirement in of Oregon's constitution. Of the 60 races for the House, 39 had both Democratic and Republican candidates; 24 of those

neg: Mitch McConnell with him." During Obama's presidency, minority obstruction reached all-time highs, as McConnell insisted that any bill passing through the Senate needed a supermajority (60 votes rather than 50). McConnell justified the obstructionism by falsely claiming that the 60-vote threshold was the historical norm in the Senate. Yale University political scientist Jacob Hacker and University of California, Berkeley political scientist Paul Pierson describe McConnell as the major figure (along with Newt Gingrich) in transforming the Republican Party into a "party geared increasingly not to governing but to making governance impossible". They write, "Facing off against Obama, he worked to deny even

neg: 2005 California's 48th congressional district special election edged Harkey by 236 votes, out of over 98,000 votes cast . Harkey has sought a recount of the official results, at a cost of $14,000 (which she had to absorb). The recount did not change the outcome, with Harman's lead shrinking to 225 votes . Harman faced Caballero in a runoff on June 6 and won the race to succeed Campbell by a 2-1 margin. Harman's election to the State Senate left a vacancy in the State Assembly, which stayed vacant until December 4, 2006, when Jim Silva was sworn in after winning the regularly scheduled election for the

neg: 1914 Argentine legislative election Argentina's National Congress, electing 19 of the 60 seats at stake. They fared particularly well in Entre Ríos and Santa Fe Province, in which latter they received more than twice the votes of Santa Fe native Lisandro de la Torre's Southern League. The Socialist Party again defeated the UCR in the City of Buenos Aires, however, and by a wider margin than in 1913. Conservative Buenos Aires Province lawmaker Marcelino Ugarte, who had defeated the UCR in the 1913 Senate race, did so again in this year's gubernatorial contest, and became his party's effective leader. The Civic Union, representing those

neg: Elections in Zimbabwe filled based on the votes for in the single-member constituencies, using party-list proportional representation, distributed using the largest remainder method and the hare quota. The Senate has 80 members: 60 are elected for five-year terms in 6-member constituencies representing one of the 10 provinces, elected based on the votes in the lower house election, using party-list proportional representation, distributed using the hare quota. Additionally the senate consists of 2 seats for each non-metropolitan district of Zimbabwe elected by each provincial assembly of chiefs using SNTV, 1 seat each for the president and deputy president of the National Council of Chiefs

neg: 2008 Oregon Republican primary also won the Democratic primary, got 2,885 votes and will be the Republican nominee as well. Kroger's Democratic rival Greg Macpherson came in second with 1,391 votes. Half (15) the positions in the Oregon State Senate were up for election. Republicans nominated candidates in 11 Senate districts for the general election, including one successful write-in candidate. As is the case every two years, all the 60 positions in the Oregon House of Representatives were up for election. Republicans nominated candidates in 44 House districts for the general election, including two successful write-in candidates. 2008 Oregon Republican primary The 2008 Oregon

neg: Howard Baker US Supreme Court. When Baker took too long to decide whether he wanted the appointment, Nixon changed his mind and nominated William Rehnquist instead. In 1973 to 1974, Baker was the influential ranking minority member of the Senate Watergate Committee, chaired by Senator Sam Ervin, which investigated the Watergate scandal. Baker famously asked aloud, "What did the President know and when did he know it?" The question is sometimes attributed to being given to him by his counsel and former campaign manager, future US Senator Fred Thompson. John Dean, former counsel to Nixon, revealed to Senate Watergate chief counsel Samuel

neg: Wallace Wilkinson amendment, free from any other provisions that might diminish the amendment's chances of being approved by the state's voters. The Kentucky House of Representatives passed such an amendment, but the state Senate continued to press for legislative concessions, proposing annual legislative sessions and mandatory runoffs in gubernatorial primaries when one candidate did not receive a majority of the votes cast. When Wilkinson rejected both proposals, Senate leaders refused to bring the amendment to the floor for a vote. Wilkinson's reversal on his campaign promise not to seek succession for present incumbents damaged his reputation. Wilkinson's advocacy for the amendment further

neg: Cannabis Party (Spain) the original members of the party announced its reformation. They were led by the afiliated nº155 called deLambsy, a surrealist artist who had been a member of the party since July 2004 when he was studying Arts in Valencia. - (Valladolid): 1,836 votes. Senate: 7,938 votes. - (Alicante): 5,446 votes. Senate: 13,240 votes. - (Valencia): 9,563 votes. Senate: 35,278 votes. Cannabis Party (Spain) The Partido Cannabis por la Legalización y la Normalización (PCLYN; ) was formed at the end of 2003 in Valencia, Spain, although its first Congress was held in January 2004. At the beginning it was promoted by

neg: Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution bill and only 3 Republicans voting against it, some because they thought the amendment did not go far enough in its protections. The House of Representatives passed the amendment with 143 Republican and 1 Conservative Republican votes of "Yes"; 39 Democrat, 3 Republican, 1 Independent Republican and 1 Conservative votes of "No"; 26 Republican, 8 Democrat and 1 Independent Republican not voting. The final vote in the Senate was 39 to 13, with 14 not voting. The Senate passed the amendment with a vote of 39 Republican votes of "Yea", 8 Democrat and 5 Republican votes of "Nay"; 13 Republican

neg: Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act reintroduced for the 114th Congress on March 12, 2015, and the bill passed the Senate Intelligence Committee by a vote of 14-1. Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, (R-Ky) attempted to attach the bill as an amendment to the annual National Defense Authorization Act, but was blocked 56-40, not reaching the necessary 60 votes to include the amendment. Mitch McConnell hoped to bring the bill to senate-wide vote during the week of August 3–7, but was unable to take up the bill before the summer recess. The Senate tentatively agreed to limit debate to 21 particular amendments and a manager's amendment,

neg: Filibuster in the United States Senate of 100) bring the debate to a close by invoking cloture under Senate Rule XXII. The ability to block a measure through extended debate was an inadvertent side effect of an 1806 rule change, and was infrequently used during much of the 19th and 20th centuries. In 1970, the Senate adopted a "two-track" procedure to prevent filibusters from stopping all other Senate business. The minority then felt politically safer in "threatening" filibusters more regularly, which became normalized over time to the point that 60 votes are now required to end debate on nearly every controversial legislative item, instead of the

neg: Olympia Snowe Olympia Snowe is in the center of every policy debate in Washington." She received an honorary degree from Bates College in 1998, and another from the University of Delaware in 2008. Snowe did not miss any of the 657 votes on the Senate floor during the 110th Congress from 2007 to 2009. She was one of only eight senators who did not miss any votes during that session. Snowe is the fourth woman to serve on the Senate Armed Services Committee and the first to chair its seapower subcommittee which oversees the Navy and Marine Corps. In 2001, Snowe became