query: most of the renewable energy consumption on earth is from

pos: World energy consumption electricity demand in 2011. Source: IEA/OECD Renewable energy is generally defined as energy that comes from resources that are not significantly depleted by their use, such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and geothermal heat. Renewable energy is gradually replacing conventional fuels in four distinct areas: electricity generation, hot water/space heating, motor fuels, and rural (off-grid) energy services. Based on REN21's 2014 report, renewables contributed 19 percent to our energy consumption and 22 percent to our electricity generation in 2012 and 2013, respectively. This energy consumption is divided as 9% coming from traditional biomass, 4.2% as heat energy (non-biomass), 3.8%

pos: Renewable energy Renewable energy Renewable energy is energy that is collected from renewable resources, which are naturally replenished on a human timescale, such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat. Renewable energy often provides energy in four important areas: electricity generation, air and water heating/cooling, transportation, and rural (off-grid) energy services. Based on REN21's 2017 report, renewables contributed 19.3% to humans' global energy consumption and 24.5% to their generation of electricity in 2015 and 2016, respectively. This energy consumption is divided as 8.9% coming from traditional biomass, 4.2% as heat energy (modern biomass, geothermal and solar heat), 3.9% hydro electricity

neg: Renewable energy in Austria outranking hydropower (36,4%) by a little bit. Remarkable is that the solid biomass sector almost employs half of the renewable energy sector with roughly 50% of the workforce. All sectors combined, Bioenergy provides work to 53,4% of workers in the whole renewable sector. In comparison hydro energy only employs 16% of the renewable workforce but Is contributing with 36,4% to the final energy consumption. The Revenue created by bio energy (solid,fluid,gaseous) was 2764 Mio € (38% => 2764 Mio € of 7219 Mio € generated by the renewable sector) Geothermal Power is the stored heat inside the earth. It also

neg: Renewable energy in California Renewable energy in California California is a leader in renewable energy in the United States. California ranks second in the nation for energy generation from renewable energy sources, and it has been ranked as the most efficient state in the United States by the Clean Edge Clean Energy State Index. The state also maintains one of the lowest per capita energy consumption rates in the United States, and its per capita energy consumption ranks 49th, due to its mild climate and its programs dedicated to energy efficiency. In August 2018, California's legislature authorized a bill that would make the state's

neg: Renewable energy in Denmark electricity in power plants or fuel energy to heat in heating plants) as well as gross final energy consumption for end users. In 2013 Denmark’s total final energy consumption was 607 PJ whilst its primary energy consumption was 763 PJ. Most of the approximately 25% difference is accounted for in losses in the transformation sector. These losses are likely to be most prevalent in thermal electricity sectors, thus the use of renewable electricity will reduce CO2 emissions and fuels lost in the energy and transformation sectors as well as those in final consumption. Denmark is one of the world’s most

neg: Renewable energy in Scotland Renewable energy in Scotland The production of renewable energy in Scotland is an issue that has come to the fore in technical, economic, and political terms during the opening years of the 21st century. The natural resource base for renewable energy is extraordinary by European, and even global standards, with the most important potential sources being wind, wave, and tide. In 2015, Scotland generated 59% of its electricity consumption through renewable sources, exceeding the country's lofty goal of 50% renewable energy by 2015. Moving forward, the Scottish Government's energy plan calls for 100% of electricity consumption to be generated through

neg: Renewable energy in Denmark and mostly CHP stations. Many of these smaller stations use locally sourced bio energy sources including straw and wood pellets. "*Preliminary data. 2015 data adjusted for climate variation and fuels for net electricity exports." Renewable energy consumption more than quadrupled from 48 PJ in 1990 to 203 PJ in 2015. Whilst renewable energy consumption was rising between 1990 and 2013 gross energy consumption actually fell by 7%. Most of the fall can be attributed to a great increase in combined power and heat generation (CHP) and the growth in wind power. This has increased energy conversion efficiency, reducing conversion losses

neg: Renewable energy efficient and therefore leads to a significant reduction in primary energy requirements, because most renewables don't have a steam cycle with high losses (fossil power plants usually have losses of 40 to 65%). Renewable energy systems are rapidly becoming more efficient and cheaper. Their share of total energy consumption is increasing. Growth in consumption of coal and oil could end by 2020 due to increased uptake of renewables and natural gas. Renewable energy flows involve natural phenomena such as sunlight, wind, tides, plant growth, and geothermal heat, as the International Energy Agency explains: Renewable energy resources and significant opportunities for

neg: Climate change mitigation generation worldwide grew for the fourth year in a row to 20.2%. Based on REN21's 2014 report, renewables contributed 19% to supply global energy consumption. This energy consumption is divided as 9% coming from burning biomass, 4.2% as heat energy (non-biomass), 3.8% hydro electricity and 2% as electricity from wind, solar, geothermal, and biomass thermal power plants. Renewable energy use has grown much faster than anyone anticipated. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has said that there are few fundamental technological limits to integrating a portfolio of renewable energy technologies to meet most of total global energy demand. At

neg: Renewable energy in Italy table shows the actual progress achieved in terms of renewable energy use in the years 2010-2015.Information is provided on the electricity sector, the heating and cooling sector, the transport sector and the overall share of renewable energy use as a percentage of total energy use in Italy. Italy had a 17% renewable energy target in its total energy use set by the European Union for 2020 and had already exceeded this target by 2014, reaching 17.1%. Gross final energy consumption from renewables rose from 17.36 Mtoe in 2010 to 21.14 Mtoe by the end of 2015. Most of the growth

neg: France National Renewable Energy Action Plan France National Renewable Energy Action Plan The France National Renewable Energy Action Plan is the National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) for France. The plan was commissioned by the Directive 2009/28/EC which required Member States of the European Union to notify the European Commission with a road map. The report describes how France planned to achieve its legally binding target of a 23% share of energy from renewable sources in gross final consumption of energy by 2020. The expected total energy consumption in 2020 is 155,268 ktoe and hence the amount of energy from renewable sources in 2020 should be

neg: Renewable energy in Mexico to the molten rock miles beneath the surface of the earth. Geothermal is the second most common and used sources in Mexico. It contributed nearly 958 MW towards Mexico’s renewable energy. Geothermal contributes to 9.3% of the total global renewable energy. Solar power Solar power is usually the most commonly heard and associated when one hears the term “renewable energy”. It is generated by the heat produced from the sun, absorbed through solar panels, and transferred directly to renewable green energy. This is considered the most efficient and convenient for Mexico. This is because it is located directly on the

neg: Renewable energy in Spain Spain’s 2016 Energy Efficiency Annual Report the country’s total final energy consumption in 2014 was 79.2 Mtoes whilst its primary energy consumption was 112.6 Mtoes. Most of the approximately 42% difference is accounted for in losses in the transformation sector. These losses are likely to be most prevalent in thermal electricity sectors, thus the use of renewable electricity will reduce CO2 emissions and fuels lost in the energy and transformation sectors as well as those in final consumption. By using more efficient thermal generation the potential remains to reduce energy wastage by almost a third and to cut CO2 emissions

neg: Renewable energy in Portugal Renewable energy in Portugal Renewable energy in Portugal was the source for 25.7% of energy consumption in 2013. In 2014, 63% of Portugal's electricity needs were supplied by renewable sources. In 2016, 58% of power produced in Portugal came from renewable sources, an increase against the previous year (50.4%), while renewable energy consumption represented 27.2% (early data) of total consumption. In 2001, the Portuguese government launched a new energy policy instrument – the E4 Programme (Energy efficiency and Endogenous Energies), consisting of a set of multiple, diversified measures aimed at promoting a consistent, integrated approach to energy supply and demand.

neg: Germany National Renewable Energy Action Plan Germany National Renewable Energy Action Plan The German National Renewable Energy Action Plan is the National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) for Germany. The plan was commissioned under EU Renewable Energy Directive 2009/28/EC which required member states of the European Union to notify the European Commission with a road map. The report describes how Germany plans to achieve its legally binding target of an 18% share of energy from renewable sources in gross final consumption of energy by 2020. In the National Action Plan, the federal government estimates the share of renewable energies in gross final energy consumption to be

neg: Poland National Renewable Energy Action Plan Poland National Renewable Energy Action Plan The Poland National Renewable Energy Action Plan is the National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) for Poland. The plan was commissioned by the Directive 2009/28/EC which required Member States of the European Union to notify the European Commission with a road map. The report describes how Poland planned to achieve its legally binding target of a 15% share of energy from renewable sources in gross final consumption of energy by 2020. Poland national target for the share of renewable sources in gross final consumption of energy in 2020 is 15%. The expected total energy

neg: Friends of the Earth Europe its 33 national members. The FoEE office is located in Mundo-B – a sustainable building housing Belgian and European NGOs near the European Parliament in Brussels. The current campaign priorities of Friends of the Earth Europe are: Friends of the Earth Europe is "working to create the much-needed, fair and urgent transition to a fossil fuel free Europe. It wants to deliver a 100% renewable, no nuclear, super energy-efficient, zero-fossil-fuel Europe by 2030." The organization calls for radical improvements in energy efficiency, an accelerated phase-out of fossil fuels, a dramatic shift towards community-owned renewable energies, and reduced overall resource consumption

neg: Energy in Finland and 25% in 2000. The share of renewable energy 5 years average 2006–2010 was 24.7 % and 10 years average 2001–2010 was 26.0 %. The EU set target for Finland (38%) by 2020 was reached in 2014, and in 2015 39.3 % of consumed energy was renewable (or 35% based on national calculation: i.e. 454,6 PJ (renewable energy)/ 1306,3 PJ (total energy consumption)). The new target value for renewable energy set by Finland is 50% by 2030 (based on end consumption values). The share of renewable energy in Finland: The total renewable energy generating capacity has increased in Finland during

neg: Italy National Renewable Energy Action Plan Italy National Renewable Energy Action Plan The Italy National Renewable Energy Action Plan is the National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) for Italy. The plan was commissioned by the Directive 2009/28/EC which required Member States of the European Union to notify the European Commission with a road map. The report describes how Italy plans to achieve its legally binding target of a 17% share of energy from renewable sources in gross final consumption of energy by 2020. The Italian national target for the share of renewable sources in gross final consumption of energy in 2020 is 17%. The expected total

neg: Renewable energy in Finland industry. Most of the country (68%) is covered by boreal coniferous forests. The wood and paper industry accounts for nearly two thirds of all industrial energy consumption but it is also a major producer of renewable energy. Most liquid and solid industrial wood residues are recycled into energy production, which accounts for 20% of Finnish primary energy use. Thus, the wood and paper industry is for large part energy independent. Over time, the volume of industrial biomass energy has increased in the industrial use. As the energy consumption has increased, the share of renewables has stayed constant. However, simultaneously the

neg: United Kingdom National Renewable Energy Action Plan This means that UK has not been as active in exploitation of renewable resources. Compared to many other Member States, the UK is starting from a very low level of renewable energy consumption and thus the challenge of meeting the 2020 targets is even greater. The Renewable Energy Directive (2009) sets a target for the UK to achieve 15% of its energy consumption from renewable sources by 2020. This compares to only 1.5% in 2005. There has been a small increase in renewable energy use in recent years; there must be a much greater level of deployment over the next

neg: Energy in Switzerland Most of the energy produced within Switzerland is renewable from Hydropower and biomass. However this only accounts for around 15% of total overall energy consumption as the other 85% of energy used is imported, mostly derived from fossil fuels and nuclear power. Based on the estimated mean production level, hydropower still accounted for almost 90% of domestic electricity production at the beginning of the 1970s, but this figure fell to around 60% by 1985 following the commissioning of Switzerland's nuclear power plants, and is now around 56%. Hydropower therefore remains Switzerland's most important domestic source of renewable energy. Hydro energy

neg: Sweden National Renewable Energy Action Plan Sweden National Renewable Energy Action Plan The Sweden National Renewable Energy Action Plan is the National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) for Sweden. The plan was commissioned by the Directive 2009/28/EC which required Member States of the European Union to notify the European Commission with a road map. The report describes how Sweden planned to achieve its legally binding target of a 49% share of energy from renewable sources in gross final consumption of energy by 2020. In the NREAP, the Federal Government estimates the share of renewable energies in gross final energy consumption to be 50.2% in 2020. The

neg: Renewable energy in Germany with all the opportunities that brings for exports, developing new technologies and jobs". The share of renewable electricity rose from just 3.4% of gross electricity consumption in 1990 to exceed 10% by 2005, 20% by 2011 and 30% by 2015, reaching 36.2% of consumption by year end 2017. As with most countries, the transition to renewable energy in the transport and heating and cooling sectors has been considerably slower. More than 23,000 wind turbines and 1.4 million solar PV systems are distributed all over the country. According to official figures, around 370,000 people were employed in the renewable energy sector

neg: Renewable Energy Directive 2009 Renewable Energy Directive 2009 The Renewable Energy Directive 2009/28/EC is a European Union directive which mandates levels of renewable energy use within the European Union. The directive was published on 23 April 2009 and amends and repeals the 2001 Directive on Electricity Production from Renewable Energy Sources 2001/77/EC. The directive requires that 20% of the energy consumed within the European Union is renewable. This target is pooled among the member states. EU leaders had already reached agreement in March 2007 that, in principle, 20% of the bloc's final energy consumption should be produced from renewable energy sources by 2020 as

neg: Intelligent hybrid inverter is no solar electricity production, it is necessary to store energy for later use and manage energy storage and consumption with an intelligent hybrid (smart grid) inverter. With the development of systems that include renewable energy sources and rising electricity prices, private companies and research laboratories have developed smart inverters for synchronizing energy production and consumption. The function of a (smart-grid) is enabling selection and orientation of renewable energy, energy from the grid and energy storage based on consumption. Unlike conventional inverters, rather than systematically storing energy in batteries (with significant loss of yield >20%), hybrid inverters store energy only

neg: Energy in Ethiopia recent developments are taking place in the secondary energy sector, with the construction of mainly hydropower plants and power transmission lines being most visible. Primary energy is produced through the consumption of natural resources, renewable and non-renewable. All imported primary energy sources are "natural asphalt". That material is exclusively used for roads construction but is not used to produce primary energy (heat/enthalpy). Therefore, Ethiopia produces its primary energy exclusively from inland resources. These inland resources are almost entirely traditional renewables from biomass and biofuels (like wood) and wastes. A common type of renewable biofuel is wood for heating or cooking

neg: Renewable energy in Australia Renewable energy in Australia Renewable energy in Australia deals with efforts that have been and continue to be made in Australia to quantify and expand the use of renewable energy in the generation of electricity, as fuel in transport and in thermal energy. Renewable energy is created through electricity generation using renewable sources, such as wind, hydro, landfill gas, geothermal, solar PV and solar thermal. There has been a substantial growth in Australia in generation of renewable electricity in the 21st century. Total renewable energy consumption in Australia in 2015 was 5.9% of Australia's total energy consumption;, compared to 4.3%

neg: Renewable energy in Australia of Australia's total energy consumptionn in 2011/12. It is estimated that Australia produced 35,000 gigawatt-hours (GWh) of renewable electricity (or equivalent) in 2015, 14.6% of total production in Australia. Of all renewable energy consumption in 2015 (in order of contribution) biomass (wood, woodwaste and bagasse) represented 53%, hydroelectricity 19.2%, wind 10.7%, solar PV 5.1%, biogas 4.7%, solar hot water 3.8% and biofuels 3.6%. Bioenergy (the sum of all energy derived from plant matter) represented 61.3% of Australia's total renewable energy consumption in 2015. Similar to many other countries, development of renewable electricity in Australia has been encouraged by government energy

neg: Renewable energy in the European Union Renewable energy in the European Union The share of energy from renewable sources in gross final consumption of energy continued rising to reach 17% in the European Union in 2016, a doubling of the share attained in 2004 at just 8.5%. The Europe 2020 strategy includes a target of reaching 20% of energy in gross final consumption of energy from renewable sources by 2020 and at least 27% by 2030. These figures are based on energy use in all its forms across all three main sectors, the heating and cooling sector, the electricity sector and the transport sector. The share

neg: Renewable energy in Italy sector is similar to that of 2016. In order to meet Italy’s overall target for 17% use of renewable energy in Gross final energy consumption (22,617 ktoes) by 2020 targets have been set for each sector as follows: 17% renewable energy use in the heating and cooling sector, 26% in the electricity sector and 10% in the transport sector (see targets below for further details). Total annual energy consumption is projected to be 133,042 ktoe (133 million tonnes of oil equivalent) by 2020. The energy measures above are gross final energy consumption. Another broader measure, primary energy consumption also includes

neg: Renewable energy in Denmark and cooling sector and a 5.67% share in the transport sector for 2014. Overall Denmark is running well ahead of its predicted trajectory and was close to achieving its 2020 as early as 2014. Total renewable energy consumption is a little below predicted levels at 177.8 PJ but this is more than compensated by a fall in overall energy consumption partly as a result of efficiency gains. Renewable energy in Denmark Denmark is a world leading country in wind energy production and wind turbine production. In 2014 Denmark produced 57.4% of its net electricity generation from renewable energy sources. The

neg: Renewable energy in the Republic of Ireland includes domestic heating and air conditioning and industrial heat processes is expected to account for 36.6% of final energy consumption The electricity sector is projected to account for 20.9% of consumption. Total annual energy consumption (after adjustments) is projected to be 14,142 ktoe (14.142 million tonnes of oil equivalent) by 2020. To meet Ireland’s overall target of16% use of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption by 2020 (it was just 3.1% in 2005) targets have been set for each sector. By 2020 renewable energy use is targeted to be 12% in the heating and cooling sector, 42.5% in the

neg: Renewable energy in Italy (all energy uses) had risen to 17.1% in 2014. This number has been growing steadily and today accounts for one of the principal components of national energy consumption. In 2014, 38.2% of the national electric energy consumption came from renewable sources (in 2005 this value was 15.4%), covering 16% of the total energy consumption of the country (5.3% in 2005). The corresponding figure for electricity generation was even higher as consumption figures are reduced by electricity imports (13.6% of the total in 2014. Imported electricity may also contain a high proportion of electricity generated from renewable sources but these are

neg: Economy of New Zealand contributing factor is the growth of relatively less energy-intensive service industries. The electricity market is regulated by the Electricity Industry Participation Code administered by the Electricity Authority (EA). The electricity sector uses mainly renewable energy sources such as hydropower, geothermal power and increasingly wind energy. The 70% share of renewable energy sources makes New Zealand one of the most sustainable economies in terms of energy generation. New Zealand suffers from a geographical imbalance between electricity production and consumption. The most substantial electricity generation (both existing and as remaining potential) is located on the South Island and to a lesser degree

neg: Renewable energy in Germany a number of computer studies. Most concentrate on electricity generation and consumption as this sector is undergoing a rapid transition in terms of technologies and institutions. In Germany, almost half of renewable power capacity was citizen-owned as of 2013, and about 20 million Germans lived in so-called 100% renewable energy regions. Increases in installed renewable electric power capacity and generation in recent years is shown in the charts and table below: According to a 2017 national survey conducted for the German Renewable Energies Agency, of 1016 respondents 95% supported further expanding renewable energy. Almost two-thirds of the interviewees agreed to

neg: Nuclear power phase-out non-renewable energy sources. Renewable energy encompasses wind, biomass (such as landfill gas and sewage gas), hydropower, solar power (thermal and photovoltaic), geothermal, and ocean power. These renewable sources serve as alternatives to conventional power generation from thermal power stations run on nuclear or fossil fuels. A significant part of energy transition is reducing consumption by energy conservation and improvements in energy efficiency, an example is improved insulation for buildings; or improved energy efficiency by cogeneration of heat and power. Smart meters are able to charge higher prices at the time consumption peaks during the day, thereby causing electricity demand to

neg: Renewable energy in the European Union combined generated more energy than nuclear in 2016 "(see pie-chart)". Nuclear decreased production by 7.7%, while electricity generation from natural gas, brown and hard coal changed by +50.2%, -3.3% and -5.8%, respectively. In 2014, 38.2% of Italian electric energy consumption came from renewable sources (in 2005 this value was 15.4%), covering 16.2% of the total energy consumption of the country (5.3% in 2005). Solar energy production accounted for almost 9% of the total electric consumption in the country in 2014, making Italy the country with the highest contribution from solar energy in the world. In 2016 Renewable energy in Lithuania

neg: Environment of Bosnia and Herzegovina is most widely used for heating. Final energy consumption, which includes households, industry, traffic and agriculture, has been increasing since the drastic drops in the nineties, caused by warfare. According to data from 2008, the final energy consumption in Bosnia-Herzegovina was 0.62 toe/capita, which is significantly less than the average of 1.10 toe/capita energy consumption of Western Balkan countries, and the average of 2.23 toe/capita of European Union countries. Renewable energy consumption was 575 ktoe, which was 9.59% of the total consumption in 2008.It is forecast that the conditions for hydroelectric power will improve, which will lead to decreased use

neg: World energy consumption sun. This value, after multiplication by the cross-sectional area intercepted by the Earth, is the total rate of solar energy received by the planet; about half, 89,000 TW, reaches the Earth's surface. The estimates of remaining non-renewable worldwide energy resources vary, with the remaining fossil fuels totaling an estimated 0.4 yottajoule (YJ) or 4 × 10 joules, and the available nuclear fuel such as uranium exceeding 2.5 YJ. Fossil fuels range from 0.6 to 3 YJ if estimates of reserves of methane clathrates are accurate and become technically extractable. The total power flux from the sun intercepting the Earth is

neg: Renewable energy in Palestine aiming for 10% of total domestic energy production and 5% of total energy consumption to come from renewable sources by 2020. There are a number of barriers to development of renewable energy resources in Palestine, including regulatory issues resulting from the Israeli occupation, and this meant the government was unable to achieve its target of 25 megawatts by 2015. However, renewable energy has a large potential to reduce reliance on imported energy and address a number of social issues. Renewable energy in Palestine Renewable energy in Palestine is a small but significant component of the national energy mix, accounting for

neg: World energy consumption (CHP) power stations use some of the heat that is otherwise wasted for use in buildings or in industrial processes. In 2016 while total world energy came from 80% fossil fuels, 10% biofuels, 5% nuclear and 5% renewable (hydro, wind, solar, geothermal), only 18% of that total world energy was in the form of electricity. Most of the other 82% was used for heat and transportation. Recently there has been a large increase in international agreements and national Energy Action Plans, such as the EU 2009 Renewable Energy Directive, to increase the use of renewable energy due to the growing

neg: Passive house and all use onsite active renewable energy technologies like photovoltaic to offset the building's primary energy consumption. Passive House and ZEB are complementary synergistic technology approaches, based on the same physics of thermal energy transfer and storage: ZEBs drive the annual energy consumption down to 0 kWh/m² with help from on-site renewable energy sources and can benefit from materials and methods which are used to meet the Passive House demand constraint of 120 kWh/m² which will minimize the need for the often costly on-site renewable energy sources. Energy Plus houses are similar to both PassivHaus and ZEB but emphasize the

neg: Energy in Israel Energy in Israel Most energy in Israel comes from hydrocarbon fuels. The country's total primary energy demand is significantly higher than its total primary energy production, relying heavily on imports to meet its energy needs. Total primary energy consumption was in 2011, or 24.5 Mtoe (million tonne of oil equivalent). Electricity consumption in Israel was 59.83 TWh in 2014, while production was 64.44 TWh, with net exports of 4.94 TWh. The installed generating capacity was about 16.25 GW in the same year, almost all from hydrocarbon fuel plants, mostly coal and gas fueled. Renewable energy accounted for a minor share

neg: Renewable energy in Finland Renewable energy in Finland Renewable energy in Finland grew to 38.7% of total final energy consumption by year end 2014 (it was just 29.2% in 2005), achieving joint second position with Latvia in terms of renewable energy consumption by share amongst the EU-28 countries, behind its neighbour Sweden in first position on a 52.6% share. The 2014 share in Finland breaks down as renewable energy providing 52% of the heating and cooling sector, 31.4% of the electricity sector and 21.6% of the transport sector. By 2014 Finland had already exceeded its 2020 target for renewable energy use under the EU

neg: Renewable energy remote areas and developing countries, where energy is often crucial in human development. Former United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon has said that renewable energy has the ability to lift the poorest nations to new levels of prosperity. As most of renewables provide electricity, renewable energy deployment is often applied in conjunction with further electrification, which has several benefits: Electricity can be converted to heat (where necessary generating higher temperatures than fossil fuels), can be converted into mechanical energy with high efficiency and is clean at the point of consumption. In addition to that electrification with renewable energy is much more

neg: Renewable energy in Italy not accounted for in consumption figures. All 8,047 Italian municipalities (comune) have deployed some source of renewable energy, with hydroelectric power being the leading renewable energy source in terms of production. Bio energy, wind power and geothermal power also make an important contribution to national energy demands. By 2013, renewable energy primary consumption in Italy had grown to 14.6 Mtoe (Million tonnes of oil equivalent). Italy has implemented generous incentive schemes to encourage the development of renewable energy production. Its largest scheme incentivised solar PV production and lead Italy from a low base of installed PV in 2010 to become

neg: Energy in the Philippines Oil-powered power plants can be found dispersed across several provinces in Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. The Government of the Philippines has introduced various policies to foster renewable energy. Some of the policies provide an income tax holiday up to seven years, duty-free import of equipment for renewable energy technologies, etc. In 2012, the government launched the new feed-in tariff (FIT). Energy in the Philippines The total primary energy consumption of the Philippines in 2012 was 30.2 Mtoe (million Tonnes of oil equivalent), most of which came from fossil fuels. Electricity consumption in 2010 was 64.52 TWh, of which almost two-thirds

neg: Renewable energy in Denmark 2020. In order to meet Denmarks overall target for 30% use of renewable energy in Gross final energy consumption (4,904 ktoes) by 2020 (it was just 17% in 2005) targets have been set for each sector. Renewable energy use is expected to be 39.8% in the heating and cooling sector, 51.9% in the electricity sector and 10.1% in the transport sector. The energy measures above are gross final energy consumption. Another broader measure, primary energy consumption also includes energy used in the extraction of fuels (the energy sector) and energy lost in transformation (the transformation sector, i.e. converting heat to

neg: Wind power in Croatia By the end of 2014 renewable energy in Croatia is expected to generate around 527MW from Wind and Solar alone or around 20% of all energy consumption from renewable energy source, reaching EU 2020 target for renewable energy and exceed that by a wide margin by 2020. At present rate of growth and planned investments over next 5-7 year period, energy generated from Wind and solar should easily reach 40% of total energy consumption in Croatia with 50% highly probable, achieving targets set by Germany, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Finland and Austria. Wind power in Croatia Wind power in Croatia has

neg: Expo 2017 Hence, only alternative sources of energy which can meet the energy requirements of the future. Without energy, humanity will be extinct. Day by day the population on Earth is going up significantly and people’s demand on energy consumption is rising accordingly. Despite the world society, recognize the necessity and merits of using renewable energy sources, alternative energy still be contingent on the economy of the countries and their policies towards this matter. Even our country is rich in mineral resources and fossil fuels we still depend on unpredictable actions in geopolitics and prices of oil. To make it more predictable

neg: Oregon Department of Energy hydropower, followed by coal and natural gas. Hydropower makes up 42.9% of the energy used in Oregon. The majority of Oregon's energy consumption comes from transportation, heating and cooling, and electricity. In accordance with the Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS), renewable energy sources in Oregon are growing. The RPS was created in 2007, but was updated in 2016 to require that 50% of energy consumption in Oregon must come from renewable energy by 2040. The ODOE is responsible for tracking the progress towards this goal in addition to helping institute ways to reach it through various programs. The ODOE offer incentives

neg: Nigeria Renewable Energy Master Plan for Renewable Energy Contribution to Electricity Generation (MW) in Nigeria Nigeria Renewable Energy Master Plan The Nigeria Renewable Energy Master Plan (REMP) is a policy being implemented by Nigeria's Federal Ministry of Environment that aims to increase the contribution of renewable energy to account for 10% of Nigerian total energy consumption by 2025. The Renewable Energy Masterplan for Nigeria was produced in 2006 with support from the UNDP. The Renewable Energy Master Plan (REMP) articulates Nigeria’s vision and sets out a road map for increasing the role of renewable energy in achieving sustainable development. The policy primarily addresses Nigeria's need

neg: World energy consumption Hungary, the Netherlands, Poland, and Spain. A further 220 GW was used for heating (in 2004), bringing the total energy consumed from biomass to around 264 GW. The use of biomass fires for cooking is excluded. World production of bioethanol increased by 8% in 2005 to reach , with most of the increase in the United States, bringing it level to the levels of consumption in Brazil. Biodiesel increased by 85% to , making it the fastest growing renewable energy source in 2005. Over 50% is produced in Germany. Energy consumption is loosely correlated with gross national product and climate,

neg: Eco-socialism (and, theoretically, only simple substances could be retrieved by burning out-of-date equipment, releasing more pollutants). He is quick to warn "environmental liberals" against over-selling the virtues of renewable energies that cannot meet the mass energy consumption of the era; although he would still support renewable energy projects, he believes it is more important to restructure societies to reduce energy use before relying on renewable energy technologies alone. Eco-socialists have based their ideas for political strategy on a critique of several different trends in Green economics. At the most fundamental level, eco-socialists reject what Kovel calls "ecological economics" or the "ecological

neg: Electricity sector in Italy Electricity sector in Italy The electricity sector in Italy describes the production, sale, and use of electrical power in Italy. The country's total electricity consumption was 297.3 TWh in 2013, of which 278.8 TWh (93.7%) was produced domestically (the remaining 6.3% was imported). According to its national energy plan, Italy plans to increase renewable power generation from all renewable sources to 26% of all electricity produced by 2020, covering 17% of its total energy consumption. In 2014, 38.2% of the national electric energy consumption came from renewable sources (in 2005 this value was 15.4%), covering 16.2% of the total energy

neg: Renewable energy in Austria electricity source in Austria after Hydro Power. Around 13% (2,8 GW of 21,8 GW) of the total installed capacity is accountable to wind power Wind energy is only contributing to the renewable final energy consumption through electricity production. In 2016 Wind power in Austria contributed 4.8% (5350 GWh of 112,260 GWh) to the total final energy consumption and 13% (5350 GWh of 51951 GWh) to the renewable electricity generation. Wind power in Austria employed around 11% of the renewable Industry and generated 993 Mio € (13,8% => 993 Mio € of 7219 Mio € generated by the renewable sector) of

neg: Wind power in Thailand as 11 baht/kWh. When compared to the cost of production in Denmark at about 45 øre (about 2.36 baht) /kWh, Thailand's cost is relatively higher. But with PEA buying electricity with FiT system at the typical rate of about six baht/kWh, production by very small power producers (VSPP) is possible. As a result of the government's continuous supporting policy, renewable energy consumption has grown dramatically. This leads to an increase in investments from private organizations in renewable energy industry. Most recently in 2014, combined net value of investment in renewable energy both from the government and private organizations amounted to

neg: Energy in Moldova Energy in Moldova Energy in Moldova describes energy and electricity production, consumption and import in Moldova. Moldova lacks domestic sources of fossil energy and must import substantial amounts of petroleum, coal, natural gas, and other energy resources. Renewable energy is used in country primarily for electricity generation or heating. The projected share of renewable energy in 2020 in the gross final consumption of energy is 20%. Moldova imports all of its supplies of petroleum, coal, and natural gas, largely from Russia. Moldova was an observer to the treaty establishing Energy Community from the outset (2006). Following its interest in full

neg: German Renewable Energy Sources Act table). The EEG is also a key element in the implementation of EU Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources. This directive requires Germany to produce 18% of its gross final energy consumption (including heat and transport) from renewable energy sources by 2020. In this endeavour, the EEG is complemented by the Renewable Energies Heat Act ("Erneuerbare-Energien-Wärmegesetz" or "EEWärmeG"). A chart overviewing German energy legislation in 2016 is available. The first discussions on feed-in tariffs in the German parliament began in the 1980s. The (SFV), Eurosolar, and the (BDW) floated early concepts for a

neg: Renewable thermal energy outer crust of the Earth is a Thermal Battery that maintains a median temperature which is the same as the average air temperature at that location. This "average ground temperature" is a combination in balance of solar gain from the sun, thermal gain from the core of the earth, and heat loss due to conduction, evaporation, and radiation. The graphic at the right shows a map of the "average ground temperature" at locations within the United States. Solar energy is considered to be the most popular form of renewable thermal energy in the world. Solar thermal energy is generally collected

neg: Energy in Japan of the Fukushima disaster. The feed-in-tariff scheme encourages utility operators and companies to purchase and invest in renewable energy. The Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry set prices for various renewable energy sources to encourage the production and consumption of renewable energy. In April 2016 domestic and small business customers became able to select from over 250 supplier companies competitively selling electricity. Also wholesale electricity trading on the Japan Electric Power Exchange has been encouraged. Unlike most other industrial countries, Japan doesn't have a single national grid but instead has separate eastern and western grids. The standard voltage at power

neg: United Kingdom National Renewable Energy Action Plan United Kingdom National Renewable Energy Action Plan The United Kingdom National Renewable Energy Action Plan is the National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) for the United Kingdom. The plan was commissioned by the Directive 2009/28/EC which required Member States of the European Union to notify the European Commission with a road map. The report describes how the United Kingdom planned to achieve its legally binding target of a 15% share of energy from renewable sources in gross final consumption of energy by 2020. The history of energy production in the UK has been based on natural resources of fossil fuels.

neg: Nigeria Renewable Energy Master Plan Nigeria Renewable Energy Master Plan The Nigeria Renewable Energy Master Plan (REMP) is a policy being implemented by Nigeria's Federal Ministry of Environment that aims to increase the contribution of renewable energy to account for 10% of Nigerian total energy consumption by 2025. The Renewable Energy Masterplan for Nigeria was produced in 2006 with support from the UNDP. The Renewable Energy Master Plan (REMP) articulates Nigeria’s vision and sets out a road map for increasing the role of renewable energy in achieving sustainable development. The policy primarily addresses Nigeria's need for increased electricity supply, improved grid reliability and security. Targets

neg: Renewable energy in Norway Energy Directive 2009/28/EC. In 2010 the average electricity consumption mix of a Norwegian household was 36% renewable. As per the European Union's 2009 Renewables Directive (later added in the EEA Agreement), Norway has established a national goal for renewable energy - 67.5% of gross final consumption of energy supplied by renewable sources by 2020. Norway is Europe's largest producer of hydropower and the 6th largest in the world. The largest producer is the Norwegian government, through the state-owned Statkraft which in turn, owns nine largest hydroelectric plants and is also a major player in the international energy markets. Electricity is

neg: Renewable energy in the European Union capita. In 2010, more than 50% of all yearly electricity consumption in Portugal was generated from renewable energy sources. The most important generation sources were hydroelectric (30%) and wind power (18%), with bioenergy (5%) and photovoltaic solar power (0.5%) accounting for the rest. In 2001, the Portuguese government launched a new energy policy instrument – the E4 Programme (Energy Efficiency and Endogenous Energies), consisting of a set of multiple, diversified measures aimed at promoting a consistent, integrated approach to energy supply and demand. By promoting energy efficiency and the use of endogenous (renewable) energy sources, the programme seeks to upgrade

neg: Google Google said that 25 percent of its energy was supplied by renewable fuels in 2010. An average search uses only 0.3 watt-hours of electricity, so all global searches are only 12.5 million watts or 5% of the total electricity consumption by Google. In 2007, Google launched a project centered on developing renewable energy, titled the "Renewable Energy Cheaper than Coal (RE<C)" project. However, the project was canceled in 2014, after engineers Ross Koningstein and David Fork understood, after years of study, that "best-case scenario, which was based on our most optimistic forecasts for renewable energy, would still result in severe

neg: Idaho from 1990 to 2006. Idaho's energy landscape is favorable to the development of renewable energy systems. The state is rich in renewable energy resources but has limited fossil fuel resources. The Snake River Plain and smaller river basins provide Idaho with some of the nation's best hydroelectric power resources and its geologically active mountain areas have significant geothermal power and wind power potential. These realities have shaped much of the state's energy landscape. Idaho imports most of the energy it consumes. Imports account for more than 80% of energy consumption, including all of Idaho's natural gas and petroleum supplies and

neg: EU Directive on Electricity Production from Renewable Energy Sources 2001/77/EC their goals. These objectives contribute toward achieving the overall indicative EU targets, which are listed in the white paper on renewable sources of energy. Regulators want a 12% share of gross renewable domestic energy consumption by 2010 and a 20% share by 2020. The directive was superseded by Renewable Energy Directive 2009/28/EC, published on 23 April 2009. The following table lists the indicative targets for each of the 15 original member states, and for comparison the share of renewable electricity in 1997 as well. EU Directive on Electricity Production from Renewable Energy Sources 2001/77/EC The Directive on Electricity Production from

neg: Renewable energy have 50% of its energy consumption come from alternative sources. The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) is an intergovernmental organization for promoting the adoption of renewable energy worldwide. It aims to provide concrete policy advice and facilitate capacity building and technology transfer. IRENA was formed on 26 January 2009, by 75 countries signing the charter of IRENA. As of March 2010, IRENA has 143 member states who all are considered as founding members, of which 14 have also ratified the statute. As of 2011, 119 countries have some form of national renewable energy policy target or renewable support policy. National

neg: Poland National Renewable Energy Action Plan consumption in 2020 is 69,200 ktoe and hence the amount of energy from renewable sources in target year 2020 should be 10,380.5 ktoe. National Renewable Energy Action Plan sets a target of the share of renewable energies to be 19.13% in electricity sector, 17.05% in heating/cooling sector and 10.14% in transport sector by 2020. a) Based on the Energy Act and secondary legislation to this Act, inter alia: b) Based on other legislation: c) Financial support to investments in RES provided in form of grants or borrowings and investment loans bearing low interest rate: Poland National Renewable Energy Action Plan

neg: Renewable energy in Italy Renewable energy in Italy Renewable energy has developed rapidly in Italy over the past decade and provided the country a means of diversifying from its historical dependency on imported fuels. Solar energy production alone accounted for around 8% of the total electric production in the country in 2014, making Italy the country with the highest contribution from solar energy in the world. Rapid growth in the deployment of solar, wind and bio energy in recent years lead to Italy producing over 40% of its electricity from renewable sources in 2014. The share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption

neg: Regensburg runs the local hydropower station in the Danube River. In 2012, about 9,1% of the total electricity consumption was generated by renewable energy sources, about 5,1% of the total heat consumption were generated by renewables. Both figures show, that Regensburg is behind other Bavarian cities in this context. Therefore, the municipal government presented an energy plan in 2014, which should enhance the transformation towards renewable energy sources over the next decade. Regensburg hosts one of the most modern university hospitals in Europe, the "Universitätsklinikum Regensburg". Aside, there are several other renowned hospitals such as the "Krankenhaus Barmherzige Brüder" and the

neg: Renewable energy in Denmark and use of biogas from 4PJ consumption in 2015 to 17 PJ by 2020 with the goal of using 50% of manure in the country. Most of the new biogas is likely to be injected directly into the gas system and used for industry and transport. Biomass. Biomass provides the largest share of renewable energy in Denmark when considering the electricity sector, heating and cooling sector and transport sector combined. The fuel contributed to approximately 8.6% of total electricity generation in Denmark generating 2,631 GWh of electricity in 2014. Total consumption of biomass amounted to 107 PJ in 2013. There

neg: Renewable energy in Spain In order to meet Spain’s overall target for 20% use of renewable energy (it was just 8.3% in 2005) in gross final energy consumption (20,505 ktoe) by 2020 targets have been set for each sector as follows: 17.3% renewable energy use in the heating and cooling sector, 39% in the electricity sector and 11.3% in the transport sector. Total annual energy consumption is projected to be 98,693 ktoe (98.7 million tonnes of oil equivalent) by 2020. The report expected Spain to produce a surplus of 0.8% above the 20% target (20.8% total) for renewable energy use which would be available

neg: Renewable energy in the Netherlands 24.7%, followed by the transport sector at 22.5%. Total annual energy consumption before adjustments for aviation is projected to be 52,088 ktoe (52.million tonnes of oil equivalent) by 2020. In order to meet the Netherlands overall target for 14.5% (or 14% using the slightly different renewable energy directive calculation methodology) use of renewable energy in Gross final energy consumption by 2020 (it was just 2.5% in 2005) targets have been set for each sector. Renewable energy targets for the year 2020 by sector are: 8.7% in the heating and cooling sector, 37% in the electricity sector and 10.3% in the

neg: Finland National Renewable Energy Action Plan Finland National Renewable Energy Action Plan The Finland National Renewable Energy Action Plan is the National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) for Finland. The plan was commissioned by the Directive 2009/28/EC which required Member States of the European Union to notify the European Commission with a road map. The report describes how Finland planned to achieve its legally binding target of a 38% share of energy from renewable sources in gross final consumption of energy by 2020. The main outlines of the approach to increasing the use of renewable energy are set out in the Long-term Climate and Energy Strategy

neg: World energy consumption concerns about pollution from energy sources that come from fossil fuels such as oil, coal, and natural gas. One such initiative was the United Nations Development Programme's World Energy Assessment in 2000 that highlighted many challenges humanity would have to overcome in order to shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources. From 2000–2012 renewable energy grew at a rate higher than any other point in history, with a consumption increase of 176.5 million tonnes of oil. During this period, oil, coal, and natural gas continued to grow and had increases that were much higher than the increase in renewable

neg: Renewable energy in the Czech Republic the solar thermal. Renewable energy in the Czech Republic Renewable energy in the Czech Republic describes the renewable energy related development in the Energy in the Czech Republic. According to Eurostat, renewables share in the Czech Republic in 2009 was 5% of the energy mix in total (Mtoe) and 6% of gross electricity generation (TWh). The energy consumption by fuel included in 2009: 40% coal, petroleum 21%, gas 15%, nuclear 16% and renewables 5%. Most electricity was produced with coal (55%) and nuclear (33%). Solar power capacity per capita was the second highest in the EU in 2010. “Green savings”

neg: Renewable energy in the Czech Republic Renewable energy in the Czech Republic Renewable energy in the Czech Republic describes the renewable energy related development in the Energy in the Czech Republic. According to Eurostat, renewables share in the Czech Republic in 2009 was 5% of the energy mix in total (Mtoe) and 6% of gross electricity generation (TWh). The energy consumption by fuel included in 2009: 40% coal, petroleum 21%, gas 15%, nuclear 16% and renewables 5%. Most electricity was produced with coal (55%) and nuclear (33%). Solar power capacity per capita was the second highest in the EU in 2010. “Green savings” programme has supported

neg: Finland National Renewable Energy Action Plan the household. Finland National Renewable Energy Action Plan The Finland National Renewable Energy Action Plan is the National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) for Finland. The plan was commissioned by the Directive 2009/28/EC which required Member States of the European Union to notify the European Commission with a road map. The report describes how Finland planned to achieve its legally binding target of a 38% share of energy from renewable sources in gross final consumption of energy by 2020. The main outlines of the approach to increasing the use of renewable energy are set out in the Long-term Climate and

neg: Nuclear power proposed as renewable energy heat generated within the Earth/geothermal energy. The most common fuel used in conventional nuclear fission power stations, uranium-235 is "non-renewable" according to the Energy Information Administration, the organization however is silent on the recycled MOX fuel. Similarly, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory does not mention nuclear power in its "energy basics" definition. In 1987, the Brundtland Commission (WCED) classified fission reactors that produce more fissile nuclear fuel than they consume (breeder reactors, and if developed, fusion power) among conventional renewable energy sources, such as solar and falling water. The American Petroleum Institute likewise does not consider conventional nuclear fission as

neg: Worldwide energy supply countries/regions which use most (83%). In developing countries fuel consumption per person is low and more renewable. Canada, Venezuela and Brazil generate most electricity with hydropower. In Africa 32 of the 48 nations are declared to be in an energy crisis by the World Bank. See Energy in Africa. The next table shows countries consuming most (83%) in the European Union, and Norway. The last four countries generate electricity largely renewable. For more details in Europe see Energy in Germany, Energy in France, etc. Some fuel and electricity is used to construct, maintain and demolish/recycle installations that produce fuel and

neg: Renewable energy in Italy energy used in the extraction of fuels (the energy sector) and energy lost in transformation (the transformation sector, i.e. converting heat to electricity in power plants or fuel energy to heat in heating plants) as well as gross final energy consumption for end users. Under the European Union "Energy Efficiency Directive", EU countries submit their "Energy Efficiency Plans" every three years. According to Italy’s submission in 2014 the country’s total final energy consumption in 2012 was 119.01 Mtoes whilst its primary energy consumption was 163.05 Mtoes. Most of the approximately 37% difference is accounted for in losses in the transformation

neg: Renewable energy in Iceland of all houses in Iceland are heated with geothermal energy. In 2015, the total electricity consumption in Iceland was 18,798 GWh. Renewable energy provided almost 100% of electricity production, with about 73% coming from hydropower and 27% from geothermal power. Most of the hydropower plants are owned by Landsvirkjun (the National Power Company) which is the main supplier of electricity in Iceland. Iceland is the world's largest green energy producer per capita and largest electricity producer per capita, with approximately 55,000 kWh per person per year. In comparison, the EU average is less than 6,000 kWh. Iceland's unique geology allows

neg: Renewable energy in Greece 2013 despite the financial crisis. Greece ranks 5th worldwide with regard to per capita installed PV capacity. It is expected that PV produced energy will cover up to 7% of the country's electricity demand in 2014. Renewable energy in Greece Renewable energy in Greece accounted for 8% of the country's total energy consumption in 2008. 12% of Greece's electricity comes from Hydroelectric power plants. In 2015, renewable energy counted for more than 20% of the energy produced in Greece; this excludes energy produced by hydroelectric means, which accounts for more than 8% In August 2016, a new renewable energy law

neg: Renewable energy in Turkey the financing of renewable energy projects in Turkey. Solar energy potential in Turkey is 977,000 (TWh/year) from which 6105 (TWh/year) is technically possible. However due to the high price of the solar energy only 305 (TWh/year) is economic potential.Wind energy technical potential is 290 TWh/year. Grid parity for solar is forecast for 2018 According to another industry source the total installed power reached 5.789 GW by year end 2016 and the percentage of electricity consumption provided by wind power grew from under 1%, in 2009 to 5.59% by 2016 and is forecast to reach 12% of electricity consumption with the

neg: Renewable energy in the United Kingdom coal generation for the first time. Renewable energy contributions to meeting the UK's 15% target reduction in total energy consumption by 2020, in accordance with the 2009 EU Renewable Directive, totalled 5.2% in 2013 as measured in accordance with the methodology set out in the Directive. By 2016 provisional calculations show that the figure had risen again to 8.3 per cent of energy consumption (all sources) coming from renewable sources in 2015. In June 2017 renewables plus nuclear generated more UK power than gas and coal together for the first time. Britain has the fourth greenest power generation in Europe

neg: Italy National Renewable Energy Action Plan Support for the integration of biogas into the natural gas network (planned) Italy National Renewable Energy Action Plan The Italy National Renewable Energy Action Plan is the National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) for Italy. The plan was commissioned by the Directive 2009/28/EC which required Member States of the European Union to notify the European Commission with a road map. The report describes how Italy plans to achieve its legally binding target of a 17% share of energy from renewable sources in gross final consumption of energy by 2020. The Italian national target for the share of renewable sources in

neg: Renewable energy in the Republic of Ireland Renewable energy in the Republic of Ireland Under the Renewable Energy Directive Ireland has set a target of producing 16% of all its energy needs from renewable energy sources by 2020. Between 2005 and 2014 the percentage of energy from renewable energy sources grew from just 3.1% to 8.6% of total final consumption. By 2020 Ireland has a target of producing 42.5% of its electricity needs from renewable sources. The country has a large and growing installed windpower capacity at 2,486 MW by the end of 2015 producing just under a quarter of all its electricity needs in that year.

neg: Renewable Energy Payments they increase our overall production and use of renewable energy, and decrease our consumption and burning of fossil fuels. In a broad stroke, Renewable Energy Payments, sometimes known as a Feed-in Tariff place obligations on utility companies to buy electricity from renewable energy sources, often small, local companies, for a fixed period of time. The underlying premise being that with fixed payments the once volatile renewable energy projects now become lendable and attractive for financing, thus stimulating growth and innovation. Proponents of Renewable Energy Payments argue that this policy has proven to stimulate local economies, innovation and small business growth

neg: Nuclear power proposed as renewable energy in greatest part from that which is generated in the earth from the decay of radioactive isotopes, as the International Energy Agency explains: Renewable energy resources exist over wide geographical areas, in contrast to other energy sources, which are concentrated in a limited number of countries. In ISO 13602-1:2002, a renewable resource is defined as "a natural resource for which the ratio of the creation of the natural resource to the output of that resource from nature to the technosphere is equal to or greater than one". Nuclear fission reactors are a natural energy phenomenon, having naturally formed on earth

neg: Energy mix from biofuels, 2.9 from renewable energy resources. Overall primary energy consumption in the U.S. in 2015 relied most on petroleum (), natural gas () and coal (). Renewables contributed and nuclear power . In the same year, about 4 million GWh of electricity were generated in the U.S., 67% of which was generated from fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and < 1% petroleum), 20% from nuclear power, 6% hydropower and 7% other renewables. While the rise of global energy consumption with the global population growth cannot immediately be counteracted, the sustainability of growth can partially be improved by changing the

neg: Renewable energy in Greece Renewable energy in Greece Renewable energy in Greece accounted for 8% of the country's total energy consumption in 2008. 12% of Greece's electricity comes from Hydroelectric power plants. In 2015, renewable energy counted for more than 20% of the energy produced in Greece; this excludes energy produced by hydroelectric means, which accounts for more than 8% In August 2016, a new renewable energy law was approved that aims to further stimulate renewable energy investments by introducing feed-in premiums, competitive tenders, and virtual net metering. Under the new law, the compensation for renewable energy producers will consist of what they receive

neg: Biofuel in Denmark renewable energy share from 15% to 30% of renewable electricity production in Denmark. Total consumption of Biomass is expected to rise to 115PJ by 2024. A number of power stations are being converted from using coal to using wood pellets as fuel. Some smaller CHP plants are converting from using natural gas to biomass. Biofuel in Denmark Biofuels play a major part in the renewable energy strategy of Denmark. Denmark is using biofuel to achieve its target of using 100% renewable energy for all energy uses by 2050. Biofuels provide a large share of energy sources in Denmark when considering

neg: Italy National Renewable Energy Action Plan energy consumption in 2020 is 133,042 ktoe. The amount of energy from renewable sources in target year 2020 should be 22,617 ktoe. Italy's NREAP sets a target of the share of renewable energies to be 26,39% in the electricity sector, 17,09% in the heating/cooling sector and 10,14% in the transport sector by 2020. Italy is about to reduce the incentives for renewable energy (wind and solar) and authorization procedures will be streamlined, two important steps in the development of renewable energy sources in Italy. Tax credit for district heating using geothermal or biomass energy Minimum quota for transport biofuel use

neg: Renewable energy in the European Union of the UK's electricity requirements were being generated from renewable energy sources (including hydroelectricity), up from 2.55% in 1990. This figure rose to 8.7% by 2011. The total contribution of renewable energy to all energy consumption in the UK was 3.8% in 2011. This comprised 8.7% of electricity, 2.2% of heat and 2.9% of transport fuel coming from renewable sources. UK Government energy policy set a target for renewable electricity to provide 10% of all electricity use by 2010. This target was not met. The UK has agreed to the EU wide renewable energy target of 20% of all energy

neg: Renewable energy in Russia would strongly consider purchasing electricity generated from renewable energy sources in an attempt to encourage development of renewable energy. The government has plans for 4.5% of Russia's energy output to come from non-hydroelectric renewable energy sources. Additionally, in November 2010, the government approved a US$300 billion program to make factories and buildings more energy efficient; it also announced plans to construct eight energy-efficient lamp production plants, promote recycling and support the construction of a hybrid car plant. Medvedev announced in late 2009 that he wanted to cut Russian energy consumption by 40% by 2020. At the moment, development is slowed

neg: Energy in the Philippines Energy in the Philippines The total primary energy consumption of the Philippines in 2012 was 30.2 Mtoe (million Tonnes of oil equivalent), most of which came from fossil fuels. Electricity consumption in 2010 was 64.52 TWh, of which almost two-thirds came from fossil fuels, 21% from hydroelectric plants, and 13% from other renewable sources. The total generating capacity was 16.36 GW. The population of the Philippines is over 101 million people, and as a rapidly developing nation, has seen a rapid increase in GDP, averaging 6.1% from 2011 to 2015. Energy-intensive manufacturing and retail industries are the driving factors of

neg: Biodegradable plastic and energy consumption can be further reduced by eliminating the fermentation step, or by utilizing food waste as feedstock. The use of alternative crops other than corn, such as sugar cane from Brazil, are expected to lower energy requirements. For instance, manufacturing of PHAs by fermentation in Brazil enjoys a favorable energy consumption scheme where bagasse is used as source of renewable energy. Many biodegradable polymers that come from renewable resources (i.e. starch-based, PHA, PLA) also compete with food production, as the primary feedstock is currently corn. For the US to meet its current output of plastics production with BPs,