query: how many different police agencies are there in the us

pos: Law enforcement in the United States Law enforcement in the United States Law enforcement in the United States is one of three major components of the criminal justice system of the United States, along with courts and corrections. Although each component operates semi-independently, the three collectively form a chain leading from investigation of suspected criminal activity to administration of criminal punishment. Law enforcement operates primarily through governmental police agencies. There are 17,985 U.S. police agencies in the United States which include college campus police, sheriff departments, local police, and federal agencies. The law-enforcement purposes of these agencies are the investigation of suspected criminal activity, referral of

neg: State police (United States) as a state police, at the desire and influence of the late Governor Huey Long, who used the troopers as a powerful body guard force. Long is often called one of the most powerful Democratic politicians in US history. In many states, the state police are known by different names: the various terms used are "State Police," "Highway Patrol," "State Highway Patrol," " State Patrol," and "State Troopers." However, the jurisdictions and functions of these agencies are usually the same, regardless of title. Some agencies' names are actually misnomers with respect to the work regularly done by their members. All

neg: Humane law enforcement effect arrests with or without warrant, sign complaints and issue court summonses, conduct searches and seizures, and carry weapons including a firearm, especially if trained and certified through a police training academy. Humane law enforcement may be performed by government agencies, private agencies, or both, depending on the jurisdiction. Individuals who perform humane law enforcement duties include police officers, humane law enforcement officers, animal control officers, and animal cruelty investigators. There are many different agencies that are involved in humane law enforcement including private and public. One of the better known private agencies is the American Society for the Prevention

neg: Securities commission Commission. In the early 1980s as many countries deregulated their financial markets, they created specific government agencies to police the securities markets and stock exchanges so as to separate regulation from operation of financial markets. Some countries like the UK, created one large agency that covered all financial products. However, some countries use a different model where there are separate agencies for different financial products. Typically, securities, banking and insurance are split, but there may also be separate agencies for futures, options and commodities. With the advent of derivatives and new financial products it has not always been easy to

neg: Security police work alongside local/state police, depending on that location. This department performs various duties, including luggage and passenger screening. Some officers are armed and have powers of arrest. Many officers get to travel on flights and wear civilian clothing to blend in with the surroundings. Their main purpose is to prevent terrorism or hijacking. There are a multitude of other agencies which perform security related roles in the Federal Government, including the US Mint Police (guarding the US Mint) and US Secret Service (guarding the White House and certain Government buildings). See Federal law enforcement in the United States for a

neg: MOSAIC threat assessment systems Police to assess threats to the Justices, by the U.S. Capitol Police for threats against Members of Congress, by police agencies protecting the governors of eleven states, by many large corporations, and by more than twenty top universities. There are different MOSAIC systems for different situations, including: The MOSAIC method poses a series of questions to users, accompanied by a range of possible answers. For every area of inquiry, the system provides a button for “Premise of the Question” – providing immediate on-screen research citations about why that particular area of inquiry is part of the assessment process. MOSAIC calculates

neg: Felony Investigative Assistance Team Training Team (MTT) which provides updated tactical and firearms training to officers of the member agencies. Organization The Team holds various ranks similar to a police agency or US military unit. The Team maintains: Officers assigned to one of FIAT's staffed units must first be employed by a member law enforcement agency. The selection process is different for each unit. FIAT does not employ anyone. Officers are employed and paid by their home agencies. Felony Investigative Assistance Team The Felony Investigative Assistance Team (FIAT) is a multi-jurisdictional police task force comprising 16 law enforcement agencies in Cook County, Illinois, and

neg: Civil forfeiture in the United States civil forfeitures is a question asked in the pending case, "Timbs v. Indiana" (2018). In addition, there are more than 400 federal statutes that empower police to take assets from convicted criminals, as well as from persons not charged with criminality. Sometimes the seizures happen as a result of different government agencies working together, such as the Internal Revenue Service and the Department of Justice. Police at national and state levels cooperate in many instances according to procedural laws known as equitable sharing. In addition, there are laws that make it difficult for criminals to get dirty money clean by

neg: Law enforcement by country differs from the situation in many countries including France, where policing is split between the National Police and "Gendarmerie", and between countries such as the United States which have a layered system of National, State/Regional and/or local Law Enforcement organizations. The NPA is headquartered in Seoul and is divided into 14 local police agencies, including the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency. Local police agencies are not independent of the national police. There were 96,000 police officers . There are two branches of police forces in Macau: In addition, "Serviços de Polícia Unitários" (SPU - Unitary Police Service) leads, commands and coordinates

neg: Joint Service Small Arms Program at the time in military circles the data for which is not readily available on the internet. The decision was made to start the process through the auspice of the JSSAP program to procure a new handgun for the use of all US services. These services include The US Army, US Navy, US Air Force, US Coast Guard as the major buyers. Additionally there are many federal agencies such as the FBI, CIA, NSA, Federal Protective Service, who would likely use the handgun which is chosen as well as Civilian forces such as the nations Police Forces. The program to

neg: Cannabis in the United Kingdom also be implementing similar schemes. The move is in response to significant budget cuts, which means police forces are having to prioritise more pressing areas. According to figures obtained through a Freedom of Information request, there are large differences between how many cases actually result in offender being charged. In 2016, Hampshire police had the most charges at 65%, while Cambridge had the lowest proportion of charges at only 14%. There is also a large difference between how people of different races are treated. As is common across the legal system and especially drug offences, people of ethnic minorities are

neg: E-participation the media and government, by participating, one becomes an active citizen and further contributes to a democratic society. When such practical doings become implemented in government (e)service systems, they will affect decision making, as many changes will later be hard to make simply because existing procedures are implemented in ICT systems and government agencies’ procedures. There are many theories dealing with institutionalization, for example structuration theory, institutional theory, and actor-network theory. These theories all, in different ways, deal with how "ways of doing things" become established or rejected, and how those that become established increasingly affect the ways we "normally"

neg: Police of practices, but international police cooperation, criminal intelligence exchange between police agencies working in different nation-states, and police development-aid to weak, failed or failing states are the three types that have received the most scholarly attention. Historical studies reveal that policing agents have undertaken a variety of cross-border police missions for many years (Deflem, 2002). For example, in the 19th century a number of European policing agencies undertook cross-border surveillance because of concerns about anarchist agitators and other political radicals. A notable example of this was the occasional surveillance by Prussian police of Karl Marx during the years he remained

neg: Law enforcement in Illinois Law enforcement in Illinois Law enforcement in Illinois is complex with many overlapping jurisdictions related to the administrative divisions of Illinois. At the state level, there are at least eleven law enforcement agencies. At the county level, there are sheriffs, forest preserve police and other specialized police forces. At the local level, most cities and many villages have municipal police forces, park district police forces, and even local specialized police forces. Many colleges also have their own campus police that are often sworn police officers. In 2000, Illinois was ranked 4th in the U.S. in the number of full-time sworn

neg: Anchorage Police Department various federal law enforcement agencies, such as the FBI, US Customs and Border Protection and US Secret Service. With a large joint US Army-Air Force Base (Joint Base Elemendorf-Richardson) in its boundaries, APD works closely with the US Army and Air Force military police, Security Police, Defense Dept Police and the criminal investigation agencies, Criminal Investigation Division (CID) of the US Army and Office of Special Investigations (OSI) of the Air Force. The US Coast Guard also patrols waterways in the city limits which are popular with boaters. The US Forest Service law enforcement division also patrols USFS lands that

neg: Foreign national mortgage that has a high immigration rate. Some cities that might have a real estate broker familiar with Foreign National Mortgage finance or many foreign nationals buying real estate might be Queens, New York, or San Diego, California, etc. Lenders do prefer a credit report from the home country, although some will take three credit reference letters from the borrower. The credit report is much like our own in the US but without scores as their scoring systems are different from our own. There are agencies in the US that obtain the data, conform it to US regulations and provide the

neg: Afghan National Police police stations for the Afghan National Police. The total cost of the project was reported to be over $600 million US dollars, and each police station is said to cost about $6 million. The main ANP training facility in Kabul was established by the German police mission and is now led by the United States. Regional ANP training facilities have been established in: Some ranks are known by several names. These disparities are most-likely caused through different translations from Dari to western languages as well as being interpreted differently by inherently unrelated agencies such as the U.S. military versus the

neg: Police corruption this strategy all decisions, regulations and policies implemented by the different ministries and boards must abide by the rule of transparency, whereby the public must be informed of what is occurring, how much it will cost and why. In the report for this strategy it is acknowledged there is a higher risk of corruption for those working in law enforcement agencies. Therefore, the Ministry of Justice pays close attention to these areas and have set about implementing strict measures and bodies to govern all law enforcement agencies. While the anti-corruption strategy has greatly assisted in decreasing levels of corruption in

neg: Law enforcement by country then take on a supporting role. To date, International Police forces have been deployed to East Timor, Haiti, Kosovo, Bosnia, Iraq, Afghanistan, Sudan, Liberia, Croatia, and Macedonia, among others. Law enforcement by country In many countries, particularly those with a federal system of government, there may be several law enforcement agencies, police or police-like organizations, each serving different levels of government and enforcing different subsets of the applicable law. Albania has a unilateral police force with various subdivisions depending on purpose In Argentina the most important law enforcement organisation is the "Policia Federal Argentina" (with a jurisdiction and organization similar

neg: Representative bureaucracy institutions, establishing the agencies’ mission and purpose. As they have so much influence on what the agency does, studies were done to see how different groups (race/ethnicity, sex) place importance on values or an agenda compared to others. The values that the agency heads hold regarding organizational objectives and goals are integral for them defining their jobs as state executives. The studies of 93 different state agencies found that there are differences between the attitudes and values of different ethnic groups, men, and women. Each group places different emphasis of importance on series of different characteristics of the organization. According

neg: United States cities by crime rate (100,000–250,000) also recommends against using its data to judge how effective law enforcement agencies are, since there are many factors that influence crime rates other than law enforcement. In November 2007, the executive board of the American Society of Criminology (ASC) went further than the FBI itself, and approved a resolution opposing not only the use of the ratings to judge police departments, but also opposing any development of city crime rankings from FBI Uniform Crime Reports (UCRs) at all. The resolution opposed these rankings on the grounds that they "fail to account for the many conditions affecting crime rates" and

neg: Law enforcement in the Czech Republic of state police. In case that watchmen want to be armed, they need to obtain a gun license as any other civilian. Unlike members of Municipal Police, they need to carry their firearms concealed. There are the following watches in the Czech Republic: Law enforcement in the Czech Republic Law enforcement in the Czech Republic is divided between several agencies. The widest scope of authority is vested with the Police of the Czech Republic, which is mainly limited as regards fields that fall within the authority of other agencies. Any municipality in the Czech Republic, no matter how large or

neg: Law enforcement by country (MAGAV), which has its own elite counter-terrorist units, as well as the Civil Guard ("Mishmar Ezrahi") made up of volunteers. Law enforcement in Italy is carried out by different agencies. On a national level, five police forces operate. The "Arma dei Carabinieri" (gendarmerie), the "Polizia di Stato" (national police) and the "Guardia di Finanza" (customs police, border police and financial police); are the main forces. There are also the "Corpo Forestale dello Stato" (forestry police); "Polizia Penitenziaria" (prison service). There are also "Polizia Provinciale" in all of the 109 provinces of Italy, and "Polizia Municipale" in every comune. The "Carabinieri"

neg: Hinduism in Kazakhstan subject of eleven inspections by different government agencies including the police, fire protection service, sanitary agency, environment protection agency, and land committee, and subsequently fined for various violations. According to the US State Department, the Hare Krishnas admitted several violations, which they attempted to rectify, but maintained that they had been subjected to closer scrutiny than their neighbors. Hinduism in Kazakhstan Hindus in Kazakhstan are mainly of the ISKCON sect and by expatriate Hindus from India.The Census in Kazhakhstan doesn't recognises Hinduism .As of 2006,there are about 30 Hare Krishna families of ethnic Kazakhs lives in a village near Almaty.

neg: Crime in Mexico 13 different surveys and includes police, business, and political corruption. The organization of police forces in Mexico is complex; each police force has a different level of jurisdiction and authority, and those levels often overlap. The "Procuraduría General de la República" (Federal Attorney General's office) along with the law enforcement agencies "Policia Federal Preventiva" and "Agencia Federal de Investigación", has responsibility for overseeing law enforcements across the entire country. In addition, there are several police organizations at the state, district, and city level. Since pay is generally poor (U.S.$285–$400 per month), police officers are more likely to accept bribes to

neg: Hurricane recovery in North Carolina relief and public assistance for transportation and infrastructure in North Carolina. There are not certain private and local agencies that are required to provide relief when a hurricane occurs in North Carolina. Their assistance is however always helpful in post-disaster recovery. Many different private and local agencies throughout the history of North Carolina have provided contributions however there are different agencies with each different hurricane disaster. Hurricane Fran hit the heart of North Carolina in 1996. Half a million tourists and residents rushed inland as Fran took aim at the coast and then forced its way toward the Triangle. Landfall

neg: Worshipping Small Gods insight with myths and folklore from around the globe." Charles de Lint in "The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction" wrote "No matter how outlandish the setting of the story, or how other from us his characters appear, Parks always manages to convince us of the humanity that lies at their hearts and has us care for them ... we should appreciate the diversity and skill he brings to the page and just be glad that there still are writers who have so many different things to say, with so many unexpected settings and characters." The collection was also reviewed

neg: Baton (law enforcement) to look less threatening to the community they serve. Despite having been replaced by side-handle and expandable batons in many (if not most) law enforcement agencies, straightsticks remain in use by many major departments in the US, such as the Baltimore, Denver, Sacramento, Long Beach, Santa Ana, Philadelphia, San Francisco, and Riverside Police Departments. They also are used by NYPD Auxiliary Police officers, as well as many Military Police forces around the world. Side-handle batons (sometimes referred to as T-batons or nightsticks) are batons with a short side handle at a right angle to the shaft, about six inches from

neg: Agencies of the European Union Agencies of the European Union An agency of the European Union is a decentralised body of the European Union (EU), which is distinct from the institutions. Agencies are established to accomplish specific tasks. Each agency has its own legal personality. Some answer the need to develop scientific or technical know-how in certain fields, others bring together different interest groups to facilitate dialogue at European and international level. There are over 40 agencies, divided into 4 groups: Distinct from the EU institutions, the agencies of the European Union are specialist bodies set up to advise the EU and Member States in

neg: Law enforcement by country Law enforcement by country In many countries, particularly those with a federal system of government, there may be several law enforcement agencies, police or police-like organizations, each serving different levels of government and enforcing different subsets of the applicable law. Albania has a unilateral police force with various subdivisions depending on purpose In Argentina the most important law enforcement organisation is the "Policia Federal Argentina" (with a jurisdiction and organization similar to the FBI in the USA) with jurisdiction in all Argentine territories. Argentina is a Federal Republic divided into 23 provinces and one federal district, and as a result

neg: Agencies of the European Union period. The following links are all part of the official EU-website. Attribution of the seat of EU agencies: Recommended reading: Agencies of the European Union An agency of the European Union is a decentralised body of the European Union (EU), which is distinct from the institutions. Agencies are established to accomplish specific tasks. Each agency has its own legal personality. Some answer the need to develop scientific or technical know-how in certain fields, others bring together different interest groups to facilitate dialogue at European and international level. There are over 40 agencies, divided into 4 groups: Distinct from the EU

neg: Jackson County, Iowa Law Enforcement of the JCSO. Jackson County, Iowa Law Enforcement Jackson County, Iowa, is patrolled by several different agencies. The primary law enforcement agency for the county is the Jackson County Sheriff's Department; there are two other agencies that operate continuously, the other two being the Maquoketa Police Department and the Bellevue Police Department, and several more limited agencies. Ansel Briggs, the first governor of the state of Iowa, was at one time a Jackson County Sheriff. In the state of Iowa, the title of sheriff is an elected position. The current sheriff of Jackson County is Russell Kettmann. The JCSO is

neg: Jackson County, Iowa Law Enforcement Jackson County, Iowa Law Enforcement Jackson County, Iowa, is patrolled by several different agencies. The primary law enforcement agency for the county is the Jackson County Sheriff's Department; there are two other agencies that operate continuously, the other two being the Maquoketa Police Department and the Bellevue Police Department, and several more limited agencies. Ansel Briggs, the first governor of the state of Iowa, was at one time a Jackson County Sheriff. In the state of Iowa, the title of sheriff is an elected position. The current sheriff of Jackson County is Russell Kettmann. The JCSO is one of the

neg: Royalty payment and which brings royalties to songwriters/publishers, performing artists and record labels. How, and to whom, royalties are paid is different in the United States from what it is, for example, in the UK. Most countries have "practices" more in common with the UK than the US. In the United Kingdom there are three principal organizations: who license music (to music-users) and act as royalty collection and distribution agencies for their members. PPL issues performance licenses to all UK radio, TV and broadcast stations, as well as establishments who employ sound recordings (tapes, CDs), in entertaining the public. The licensing company

neg: Southern Desert Regional Police Academy academy, paying their own way, and possibly speed up the ability to get hired by one of the areas agencies. All graduates of the SDRPA receive over 30 college credits for successful completion. Southern Desert Regional Police Academy The Southern Desert Regional Police Academy (SDRPA) is a regional / combination academy staffed and attended by over 15 different law enforcement agencies in the state of Nevada. The SDRPA is housed at the College of Southern Nevada's Henderson Campus. The academy trains many agencies including, but not limited to the Community College of Southern Nevada Police Department, Henderson Police Department, North

neg: Law enforcement in the Netherlands Law enforcement in the Netherlands Law enforcement in the Netherlands is provided by the National Police Corps (), divided in ten regional units and a central unit, and the Royal Marechaussee (), a gendarmerie. Law enforcement in the Netherlands operates primarily through governmental police agencies. The law-enforcement purposes of these agencies are the investigation of suspected criminal activity, referral of the results of investigations to the courts, and the temporary detention of suspected criminals pending judicial action. Law enforcement agencies, to varying degrees at different levels of government and in different agencies, are also commonly charged with the responsibilities of

neg: Civilian police oversight agency is that these agencies may have a broader access to critical information about police officer conduct and training. This allows for a deeper understanding of how to reform such an agency. Further, auditor and monitors of such agencies are likely to be experts in policing, allowing for a deeper fix than the other agencies. It is also likely that these agencies will conduct more change than superficial ones enacted by Investigation-Focused and Review-Focused Models. This would be because they are tackling the roots of what may cause poor police officer conduct and that it can also hold officers more accountable.

neg: Military police against the Armed Forces Discipline Act 1971. All New Zealand Defence Force Military Police are identifiable by the blue and white "MP" patch they wear on their uniform and the blue beret as head dress, the wearing of the Blue beret differs from many commonwealth military police units as traditionally a red beret is worn. Military police Military police (MP) are law enforcement agencies connected with, or part of, the military of a state. In different countries it may refer to: The status of military police is usually prominently displayed on the helmet and/or on an armband, brassard, or arm

neg: Wildstein list to contain the names of at some current agents working abroad. The list contains names from archives of former (communist) Polish political police, military intelligence and other secret agencies. This list could contain former workers of those agencies and their secret agents (confidants), but also there are names of people that secret police wanted to make confidants but never succeeded. It is not clear how this list leaked from the IPN (Institute of National Remembrance), but it is commonly assumed that it was Bronisław Wildstein who copied that list to his pendrive and then made it available for journalists. Wildstein

neg: StarCom21 licensed radio channels or desirable tower space, may negotiate different costs with Motorola. Various grants and funding sources have allowed StarCom21 radios to be installed at many locations and provided to many agencies for mutual aid purposes. These include radios offered to every police, fire, rescue and EMA agency in the State, hospitals, central dispatch centers, State and other colleges and universities and others. StarCom21 Customer Users (those who pay a fee to use Motorola owned infrastructure) include the Illinois State Police (21 posts) as well as other state agencies and: Several other agencies and localities have expressed interest in

neg: Campaign hat as "smokey bears" or "smokeys," after Smokey Bear, the US Forest Service mascot. Campaign hats are also worn by the US Border Patrol. Many other police agencies, including numerous county sheriffs' services, use campaign hats. Some local police use it for particular duties or divisions; for example, officers of the Chicago Police Department's mounted unit employ the hat, as do deputy sheriffs assigned as cadre of the Cook County Sheriff's Boot Camp. The campaign hat was worn by and associated with Robert Baden-Powell, the founder of the Scouting movement, and is still available for wear by Scouts of the Boy

neg: Law enforcement in Venezuela the Spanish name) conducted studies aimed at reforming the police, in consultation with police and local communities. It found that "Careful study of the different police agencies makes it evident that many do not have adequate infrastructure, and they are lacking in basic services or the spaces that are necessary for police activities (e.g., holding cells). In other cases, they do not even have their own building. Higher level technological resources (phones, fax, internet connection, computers, software) are relatively rare or, if present, are found only at central headquarters. Lack of, or deficiencies in, infrastructure are most marked for the

neg: Yehuda HaKohen The same chain of events can be organized into many narratives, especially if influenced by different ideologies. The separate movies we live in very much impact how we relate to history, to ourselves and to each other in this country. Both sides tend to approach the conflict as a zero-sum game where there can only be one winner. And the conflict continues to rage partially because many of us are so trapped within our narrow paradigms that we refuse to acknowledge how things may look from different perspectives. Advocates on both sides often cite hard facts to support their positions.

neg: Spencer Heath and did not refer to himself as an anarchist. The PDA model envisions competing security agencies in the same geographical area rather than a proprietary zone. Citing Spencer MacCallum, economist Edward Stringham discusses how a system composed of many proprietary communities would encourage landlords to provide police in a way that their tenants value most, even if there were one provider of law in a given area. Stringham contrasts that vision with one that focuses on having multiple law enforcement agencies. Spencer Heath Spencer Heath (born 1876, Vienna, Virginia – died 1963, Leesburg, Virginia) was an American engineer, attorney, inventor,

neg: Infrastructure security protection, with control systems that are alerted and guided by sensing technologies. Communication and information must be capably routed. Many countries have initiated government agencies to directly manage the security of critical infrastructure usually through the Ministry of Interior/Home Affairs, dedicated security agencies to protect facilities such as United States Federal Protective Service and also creation of dedicated transport police such as the British Transport Police. There are also commercial transportation security units such as the Amtrak Police in the United States. A number of government organizations has focus on infrastructure security and protection. The Technical Support Working Group has

neg: Southern Desert Regional Police Academy Southern Desert Regional Police Academy The Southern Desert Regional Police Academy (SDRPA) is a regional / combination academy staffed and attended by over 15 different law enforcement agencies in the state of Nevada. The SDRPA is housed at the College of Southern Nevada's Henderson Campus. The academy trains many agencies including, but not limited to the Community College of Southern Nevada Police Department, Henderson Police Department, North Las Vegas Police Department, Clark County School District Police Department, UNLV Police Services, area fire marshals and arson investigators. The academy also has a non-affiliate program where non sworn members can attend the

neg: National Police Agency (Republic of China) January 2007. By separate decrees of The Executive Yuan, three task-force formations, each consisted of roughly a couple of hundreds police officers with different specialty, are formed under the National Police Agency but attached to two cabinet-level institutions or other units. Local police departments exist for all administrative divisions above the county/provincial city level. There are 26 local departments in total. All local agencies are subordinate to the NPA as well as their respective local government, and all police officers wear the same uniform regardless of jurisdiction. Local city and county governments are responsible for allocating funds for their local

neg: Law enforcement in the United States duty. Many are required to be armed on-duty and often required to have a concealable off-duty handgun. Among the most common sidearms are models produced by Glock, Smith & Wesson, SIG Sauer, Beretta, and Heckler & Koch, usually in 9mm, .40 S&W, .357 SIG (US Secret Service and other Federal Law Enforcement agencies) or .45 ACP. Until the late 1980s and early 1990s, most US police officers carried revolvers, typically in .38 Special or .357 Magnum calibers, as their primary duty weapons. At the time, Smith & Wesson, Colt, Ruger and some Taurus models were popular with police officers, most

neg: National Crime Agency a strategic role in which it looks at the bigger picture across the UK, analysing how criminals are operating and how they can be disrupted. To do this it works closely with regional organised crime units (ROCUs), the Serious Fraud Office, as well as individual police forces. It is the UK point of contact for foreign agencies such as Interpol, Europol and other international law enforcement agencies. On a day-to-day basis the NCA assists police forces and other law enforcement agencies and vice versa under voluntary assistance arrangements. In extremis, the NCA Director-General (currently Lynne Owens), has the power to

neg: Westchester County, New York is also home to US President Bill Clinton and Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, who live in Chappaqua. Former First Lady Barbara Bush grew up in Rye. There are currently 42 local police agencies located in Westchester County. These agencies frequently work with one another and with other agencies, including county, state, and federal law enforcement agencies responsible for protecting Westchester County. Westchester County has a wide array of emergency services and is the home to 58 fire departments, 42 ambulance services, three Haz-Mat teams, a volunteer technical rescue team, a fire academy and a fire investigations unit. Each department

neg: Environmental impact of pharmaceuticals and personal care products interfere with human hormone development”. The EPA and other governmental agencies are not focused on this issue. They are not demanding any changes or regulations for Pharmaceutical pollution. They did not review the 3000 Pharmaceutical substances to determine their effect on human health. There are no long term studies or health assessments created to examine how this affects us or the environment. PPCPs are emerging pollutants, which pose potential risks on the environment and health. They are the result of many sectors, such as household consumption, industrial, farming, medicine, and aquaculture. However, because of the toxic and intractable characteristics, these

neg: Independent Administrative Institution concept of separating the ministries and agencies of the government into planning functions and operation functions. Planning functions remain within government-based ministries and agencies while operating functions are transferred to the independent agencies. Incorporated Administrative Agencies utilize management methods of private-sector corporations and are given considerable autonomy in their operations and how to use their given budgets. In April 2001, the government first designated 59 bodies as the independent agencies, among which were many research institutions and some museums. There are 87 agencies as of 1 April 2018. Independent Administrative Institution An Incorporated Administrative Agency, or in lay terms Independent

neg: Brazil Programme ($300 million). This is in addition to humanitarian assistance and contributions to multilateral development agencies. The scale of this aid places it on par with China and India. The Brazilian South-South aid has been described as a "global model in waiting." In Brazil, the Constitution establishes five different police agencies for law enforcement: Federal Police Department, Federal Highway Police, Federal Railroad Police, Military Police and Civil Police. Of these, the first three are affiliated with federal authorities and the last two are subordinate to state governments. All police forces are the responsibility of the executive branch of any of

neg: Law enforcement by country the British model of policing. In the United States, the FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation) and other federal agencies such as the United States Secret Service, US Marshals, United States Park Police, United States Capitol Police, and the United States Pentagon Police are limited to the enforcement of federal laws and usually specialize in certain crimes or duties, but do enforce some state laws. Most crimes constitutionally fall under the jurisdiction of state police or the thousands of local police forces. These include county police or sheriff's departments as well as municipal or city police forces. Many areas also have

neg: Police rank Police rank Lists of the ranks of various police agencies and forces all around the world: "Generally, all police forces of Australia follow this rank structure with some individual state police forces have ranks differing slightly." "Insignia of rank displayed on epaulette in italics and brackets" "For an overview of all distinct state and federal rank structures," Brazil has several different police forces, each with its own ranks. At a federal level, there are the Federal Police (, the equivalent to the FBI), the Federal Highway Police ("Polícia Rodoviária Federal") and the Federal Railway Police ("Polícia Ferroviária Federal"). At a

neg: Police law enforcement agencies. These agencies include local police, county police (often in the form of a sheriff's office), state police and federal law enforcement agencies. Federal agencies, such as the FBI, only have jurisdiction over federal crimes or those that involve more than one state. Other federal agencies have jurisdiction over a specific type of crime. Examples include the Federal Protective Service, which patrols and protects government buildings; the postal police, which protect postal buildings, vehicles and items; the Park Police, which protect national parks; and Amtrak Police, which patrol Amtrak stations and trains. There are also some government agencies

neg: Police rank enforcement agencies and are the largest federal departments responsible for law enforcement; however, other governmental departments and agencies have law enforcement bodies. Each federal law enforcement agency has a unique rank structure. Many federal law enforcement agencies rank structures resemble Military rank structure but have different cogitations regarding responsibilities and duties. In general, all law enforcement groups in United States follow a similar pattern shown below: Note: Ranks can be skipped or omitted and structure is often determined by individual states. Structure is usually pseudo-military. Note: Ranks can be skipped or omitted and structure is often determined by individual counties.

neg: Police truck Police truck A police truck is, broadly, a large motor vehicle (see truck) that is used for police and law enforcement duties. A police pickup truck may be used for many different purposes. Four-wheel drive versions may be used for patrolling off-road areas such as mountains, forests, flooded areas, shorelines and beaches, where a police car has difficulty maneuvering. They can be used for transporting SWAT teams and often have facilities to securely detain and transport a small number of suspects. Sometimes, police agencies use trucks equipped with cages for animal control. Articulated police trucks are mainly used to transport

neg: Law of India At the federal level, the many agencies are part of the Union Ministry of Home Affairs, and support the states in their duties. Larger cities also operate metropolitan police forces, under respective state governments. All senior police officers in the state police forces, as well as those in the federal agencies, are members of the Indian Police Service (IPS) and Indian Revenue Service (IRS), two of the several kinds of civil services. They are recruited by the Union Public Service Commission. The federal police are controlled by the central Government of India. The majority of federal law enforcement agencies are

neg: Hindu cycle of the universe For example, the hymn 1.24 of the Rigveda asks, "these stars, which are set on high, and appear at night, whither do they go in the daytime?" and hymn 10.88 wonders, "how many fires are there, how many suns, how many dawns, how many waters? I am not posing an awkward question for you fathers; I ask you, poets, only to find out?" To its numerous open-ended questions, the Vedic texts present a diversity of thought, in verses imbued with symbols and allegory, where in some cases forces and agencies are clothed with a distinct personality, while in other cases

neg: Law enforcement in Russia common, with 760 institutions in 2004 across the many administrative divisions of Russia. There were also 8 prisons, 62 juvenile facilities, and 192 pre-trial facilities in 2004. Law enforcement in Russia Law enforcement in the Russian Federation is the responsibility of a variety of different agencies. The Russian police (formerly the ") are the primary law enforcement agency, the Investigative Committee of Russia (the "Russian FBI") is the main investigative agency, and the Federal Security Service (formerly the KGB) is the main domestic security agency. Prisons in Russia are administered by the Federal Penitentiary Service (FSIN) and can be categorized

neg: Adrian P. Thomas written confession. The New York Court of Appeals ruled in Thomas' case that the extent to which police lied and used coercion during an interrogation went too far, but their ruling did not lay out criteria for how much coercion is too much. According to a CBS Channel 6 report, this will lead police agencies across the state of New York to revise their interrogation protocols. Grover Babcock, in an interview with "NPR" argued that limits on coercive interrogations are important because they elicit too many false confessions. He stated that the Innocence Project has exonerated many people through DNA

neg: Red Flags Rule providers [are] no longer classified as 'creditors' for the purpose of the red flags rule just because they do not receive payment in full from their clients at the time they provide their services." There are many different companies that this rule applies to: this list includes, but is not limited to finance companies, automobile dealers, mortgage brokers, utility companies, and telecommunications companies; or any other company that advances funds or routinely interacts with consumer credit agencies when performing a service and receiving payment once the work is complete The Red Flags Rule sets out how certain businesses and organizations

neg: Police brutality in the United States by combat training and how these mentalities are then turned on target populations, which include American citizens. The prevalence of police brutality in the United States is not comprehensively documented, and the statistics on police brutality are much less available. The few statistics that exist include a 2006 Department of Justice report, which showed that out of 26,556 citizen complaints made in 2002 about excessive use of police force among large U.S. agencies (representing 5% of agencies and 59% of officers), about 2000 were found to have merit. Other studies have shown that most police brutality goes unreported. In 1982,

neg: Norwegian Public Safety Network problematic in larger disasters and accidents, and in instances where criminals listened to the police radio during police actions. The Norwegian Data Inspectorate had also instructed the agencies to encrypt their communications for reasons of privacy. This would either have to be done through an expensive upgrade to the existing systems, or through the construction of a new, digital network. Another issue is using standardized technology for communication with agencies in other countries. Norway is a member of the Schengen Agreement, which requires trans-border communication between law enforcement agencies. There were 27 different networks for the police, one for each

neg: 2018 United Kingdom local elections taking into account boundary changes, the major political parties are effectively defending the following 'notional' numbers of council seats on election day: These numbers are how many seats each party won at the previous comparable election, generally in 2014, rather than which party held the seat on the eve of the election. Some other news agencies, such as the Press Association, compare against the party holding a seat on the eve of the election, leading to a different analysis of gains and losses. There are also 48 Residents Associations' councillors, and 100 'other' / independent councillors. All registered electors (British,

neg: Border guard by uniformed Hong Kong Police officers, vehicle occupants must present papers and/or permits in order to proceed to the border. These officers act as informal border guards, which do not exist in Hong Kong as there is no international boundary with mainland China. All three border agencies are responsibilities of the Security Bureau. In Hungary border control belongs to police since 2007. There is no different organization for this role. Policemen serving on the border have the very same uniform as those inside the country. The Frontier Forces are responsible for the border security of Kyrgyzstan. The Frontier Forces are

neg: GAZ Volga to spot the extra radio aerials and dual exhausts. These cars were never true production models, "to all intents and purposes hand built". How many were made is unknown, the last being assembled in 1995. Small numbers were built with the two-rotor VAZ-411-01 Wankel engine (which featured a 9.4:1 compression ratio) as the 31028. It was never common. There are reportedly also a few with the three-rotor VAZ 431 rotary, and with a pair of single-rotors operated independently (a bit like an Armstrong Siddeley Double Mamba). The rotary models were operated by KGB and traffic police, but these agencies preferred

neg: National security critical infrastructure, such as airports, highways rail transport, hospitals, bridges, transport hubs, network communications, media, the electricity grid, dams, power plants, seaports, oil refineries, and water systems. Infrastructure security seeks to limit vulnerability of these structures and systems to sabotage, terrorism, and contamination. Many countries have established government agencies to directly manage the security of critical infrastructure usually through the Ministry of Interior/Home Affairs, dedicated security agencies to protect facilities such as United States Federal Protective Service, and also dedicated transport police such as the British Transport Police. There are also commercial transportation security units such as the Amtrak Police

neg: Special Police Unit of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force to refer to both SWAT and SPU and thus may cause confusion for English speakers who think of them as different units). The confusion is made worse when some units tend to officially adopt their nicknames. Special Police Unit of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force Special Police Units (Abbreviation: SPU; Simplified Chinese: 特警队) are police tactical units of the Chinese People's Armed Police at the provincial and municipal level. There is at least one of such unit in each Chinese province to offer their services when requested by the local police, or other law enforcement agencies such as the

neg: Bill Gertz was its reputation in the United States military and intelligence communities. His 2002 book, "Breakdown: How America's Intelligence Failures Led to Sept. 11", examined the activities of United States intelligence agencies prior to the 2001 terrorist attacks. His 2004 book, "Treachery: How America’s Friends and Foes Are Secretly Arming Our Enemies", accused United States allies, including France and Germany of helping to arm terrorists. His 2008 book, "The Failure Factory: How Unelected Bureaucrats, Liberal Democrats, and Big Government Republicans Are Undermining America's Security and Leading Us to War", said that many federal bureaucrats hold liberal views on foreign policy. Bill

neg: Law enforcement in Switzerland the Ordinance on the Security Units of Public Transport Companies was issued that extended the Transport Police's authority and allowed its officers to carry a sidearm. Today, the Transport Police and Securitrans coexist with different fields of duty. The 26 cantonal police agencies and numerous municipal police agencies are the backbone of Swiss law enforcement. They are not subordinate to federal authorities. Their commanding officers report to the head of the respective cantonal or municipal department of police, who is a member of the cantonal or municipal governing council. Police training is conducted in cantonal service academies and at the

neg: Law enforcement in the United States law enforcement agencies operate at the highest level and are endowed with police roles; each may maintain a small component of the other (for example, the FBI Police). The agencies have nationwide jurisdiction for enforcement of federal law. Most federal agencies are limited by the U.S. Code to investigating only matters that are explicitly within the power of the federal government. However, federal investigative powers have become very broad in practice, especially since the passage of the USA PATRIOT Act. There are also federal law enforcement agencies, such as the United States Park Police, that are granted state arrest authority

neg: Law enforcement in India Law enforcement in India Law enforcement in India is performed by numerous law enforcement agencies. Like many federal nations, the nature of the Constitution of India mandates law and order as a subject of the state, therefore the bulk of the policing lies with the respective states and territories of India. At the federal level, the many agencies are part of the Ministry of Home Affairs, and support the states in their duties. Larger cities also operate police commissionerates, under respective state police. All senior police officers in the state police forces, as well as those in the federal agencies,

neg: Law enforcement in France by investigative magistrates. France has two national police forces: The municipal policemen can notice all the breaches but cannot investigate. There are also local police in the rural zones, as for the rural policemen the "police rurale" as such does not exist. Note the heterogeneousness of local police both in means and in equipment. The leadership of both agencies is centralized and they both have conventional deviance control responsibilities respectively except in different geographical locations in France. The "Police Nationale" is responsible for Paris and other urban areas whereas the "gendarmerie" is responsible for small towns and rural areas with

neg: Lieutenant colonel (United States) and the size of the associated college or university. The rank of lieutenant colonel is also used by many large American municipal police departments, county sheriff's offices/departments, state highway patrols/state police and other law enforcement agencies for officers in senior administrative positions. The rank is not always called "lieutenant colonel," and in many cases – particularly with municipal police agencies – an alternate term such as "assistant chief" or "commander" is used, and only the insignia is retained. In some organizations, however, especially state police agencies, both the title and insignia are used. Occasionally, the rank is used "in conjunction

neg: Law enforcement in Finland Law enforcement in Finland Law enforcement in Finland is the responsibility of several agencies. The Police of Finland, a national police agency, is responsible for most tasks. The two other main agencies are the Finnish Border Guard and the Finnish Customs. Examples of other agencies with limited policing powers are the Finnish Defence Forces, municipal parking inspectors and railway staff. The Police of Finland is subordinate to the Ministry of the Interior and divided into the National Police Board, two national units and 11 local police departments. Within departments, there is a division between uniformed patrol police ("järjestyspoliisi", "order police")

neg: Police uniforms of the United States are more often brown and khaki. Unlike British police, American law enforcement agencies do not usually include white-colored apparel, such as shirts, in their uniforms due to the fact white reflects in the dark and can make police officers more prominent targets for armed criminals during building searches or standoffs. There are, however, many exceptions to this general rule; the Miami Police Department wears dark blue,bike division will wear white they may also wear polo shirts on some occasions, and senior officers in the New York City Police Department, Baltimore Police Department, Philadelphia Police Department, and Washington DC Metropolitan Police

neg: Rail yard a need to store cars while they are not being loaded or unloaded, or are waiting to be assembled into trains. Large yards may have a tower to control operations. Many railway yards are located at strategic points on a main line. Main-line yards are often composed of an up yard and a down yard, linked to the associated railroad direction. There are different types of yards, and different parts within a yard, depending on how they are built. For freight cars, the overall yard layout is typically designed around a principal switching (US term) or shunting (UK) technique: In

neg: Citrus Heights, California Neighborhoods, USA is a national non-profit organization committed to building and strengthening neighborhood organizations. Created in 1975 to share information and experiences toward building stronger communities, NUSA now continues to encourage networking and information sharing to facilitate the development of partnerships between neighborhood organizations, government and the private sector. Citrus Heights also features numerous parks and playgrounds. Many recreational activities and programs are offered through the Sunrise Recreation and Park District. In June 2006, the City of Citrus Heights formed its own police department. The department attracted lateral police officers from 62 different police agencies throughout California . Under the

neg: Ombudsman complaints about the actions and decisions of Australian Government departments and agencies, the services delivered by most private contractors for the Australian Government, and oversee complaint investigations conducted by the Australian Federal Police. There are also ombudsman agencies in each state, a number of industry based ombudsmen, children's commissioners and many other complaint-handling and review agencies, as detailed in the main article. The three-member Ombudsman Board (, literally People's Representative) was created in 1977 as an independent authority monitoring Austria’s entire public administration. It checks the legality of decisions by authorities and examines possible cases of maladministration. The members are

neg: Waziristan can deploy police. There are other options like frontier corps (militia) and khasadar (local tribesmen force).) The government is also trying to strengthen law enforcement in the area by providing the NWFP Police with weapons, bullet-proof jackets, and night-vision devices. The paramilitary Frontier Corps is to be provided with artillery and APCs. The state agencies are also studying ways to jam illegal FM radio channels. The US drone programme has been responsible for numerous bombings in Waziristan, carried out with the approval of the Pakistani government. The Wazir tribes are divided into clans governed by male village elders who meet

neg: Egyptian Commission for Rights and Freedoms – in the case of a small group of released former inmates – are deemed of no further use to their interrogators." On June 2017, ECRF published a detailed report on the Galaa Military Prison and described how civilian detainees are treated and interrogated by different security agencies including the national security, military police, military intelligence and referred to military trials in the Galaa court, situated inside the complex. Lawyers connected to ECRF are also acting as the Egyptian legal counsel for the family of murdered Italian Giulio Regeni, whose body bearing signs of torture was found on a desert

neg: Administrative discretion criminal process. There are two major situational motivations of police discretion; whether police response is internally invoked or citizen initiated and whether it is a law enforcement of order maintenance situation. The two situational motivations combine to create four types of discretionary situations for law enforcement officials. The four different situations are proactive and reactive law enforcement and proactive and reactive order maintenance. In today’s administrative discretion, some issues affect the way organizations function and the way the public feels towards administrations/agencies as a whole. In this way public administrators are seen as "moral agents"; they are given the task

neg: Common area in the future. If an apartment complex leases by the bedroom, there is a clause or paragraph detailing how the space is to be used equally between all lease holders. Lastly, there are state-owned and mandated common areas. Forts and bases, government run facilities, and even jails have common areas. There is no agreement in a lease stating how those areas should be used. There are different kinds of common areas and all of them have different rules and stipulations. The all have different legal proceedings should something happen in those areas. In commercial real estate in the US, a

neg: Panzer General II supply points. (This, in turn, affects how many units and how strong the player units are.) The manual states that the intention is to make for a more or less challenging game, but the actual effect is rather different, since to some degree the computer player adjusts strategy to compensate for the human player's strengths. The player is also allowed to choose which side to play in individual scenarios (but not in campaigns). There are only two official game patches released for "Panzer General II", 1.01 and 1.02; they are available only for UK, US, German and French language versions

neg: Police commissioner commissioners have always worn a similar uniform to police officers, and have been treated similarly in terms of pay and terms of service. Some U.S. police agencies use the title "commissioner" for the head of the police department. The term may refer to: Police commissioner Police commissioner (also known as the commissioner of police) is a senior rank in many police forces. The holder is usually an experienced police officer, though some are politically appointed and may or may not actually be a professional officer. In such a case, there is usually a professional chief of police in charge of

neg: Campus police is usually equivalent to that of a municipal or state police officer. They routinely attend the same police academy as local or state police officers. Many campus public safety departments operate some of the same units as municipal agencies such as detective units, special response teams (SWAT or SRT), canine units, bicycle patrol units, motorcycle patrol units, and community policing units. In some cases, campus police agencies are better equipped and staffed than municipal and county agencies in their area due to the significant amount of funding available in a college environment. The campus police in some state-owned schools may

neg: State police (United States) Texas Highway Patrol currently performs statewide police functions. Though many forces use the term "state police," its meaning is not consistent from agency to agency. In many places, it is a full-service law enforcement agency which responds to calls for service, investigates criminal activity, and regularly patrols high-crime areas. On the other hand, some state police agencies, despite the name, are strictly tasked with traffic enforcement, though their members usually retain full police powers; the Arkansas State Police is an example. "State Police" "Highway Police" Several agencies use the term "highway patrol," though this name can be misleading in some

neg: Department of Defense police gloves, and other commonly seen police equipment. Bulletproof vests are also issued. During higher threat conditions, officers could be equipped with Kevlar helmets and other protective equipment. DoD police vehicles vary widely, with vehicles ranging from Chevrolet Silverados, Chevrolet Tahoes, Ford Explorers, Dodge Chargers. However, most installations and agencies use the Chevrolet Impala or Ford Crown Victoria. Vehicles may be marked or unmarked and utilize emergency blue and red lights and sirens with cage and non cage emergency vehicles. http://farm5.staticflickr.com/4089/5031252006_5d2aca586a_z.jpg (US DoD Police- Dept. of Navy Civilian Police, US Naval Academy) http://olive-drab.com/images/id_mgator_700_10.jpg (US DoD Police- US Marine Corps Police) http://d1.static.dvidshub.net/media/thumbs/photos/1206/612671/450x299_q75.jpg

neg: Police brutality cops as of 2015. Due to the increased rate of the number of Black people killed by the police there has been an increased distrust of the police in the United States." Society would like to believe that police officers and protectors are not biased towards the victims of police brutality, we hope that everything law enforcement does is to better protect us. As history repeats and more and more Black Americans lose their lives, this gives reason to believe that different geographic locations carry different political and social views, therefore police officers are biased towards those they decide to

neg: Binghamton Police Department are located in the basement of the building. There is a separate armory and firearm range, and a room for the S.W.A.T. team. There is also a large gym and locker room areas for men and women. The department has an outstanding reputation of tough, well-trained, diligent police officers. In recent years, numerous police officers from other agencies have transferred into the Binghamton Police, some citing the department’s exemplary reputation as a reason for seeking transfer. Since 2000, the department has consistently hired at least 3 new recruit police officers each year, but has been known to hire many more

neg: Criminal justice New York City in 1844. Early on, police were not respected by the community, as corruption was rampant. In the 1920s, led by Berkeley, California police chief, August Vollmer and O.W. Wilson, police began to professionalize, adopt new technologies, and place emphasis on training and professional qualifications of new hires. Despite such reforms, police agencies were led by highly autocratic leaders, and there remained a lack of respect between police and the community. Following urban unrest in the 1960s, police placed more emphasis on community relations, enacted reforms such as increased diversity in hiring, and many police agencies adopted community

neg: Yangon–Mandalay Expressway the journey between Yangon and Mandalay. Trucks are not allowed on the highway. The highway traffic signs do not comply with international standards. The highway's curves are not built for banked turns, making turns more treacherous than necessary. According to exile-run news agencies "The Irrawaddy" and "Mizzima", such failures may result in numerous accidents in the curves. Similarly, there are many accidents during the extension of the highway because there is no exit provided brake strip. It has been dubbed the "Death Highway" by some news agencies. According to police records, excessive speed is a major cause of accidents. Other

neg: Cyprus Joint Rescue Coordination Center coordinating all the different agencies involved such as the Cyprus Police Aviation Unit, the Cyprus Police Port and Marine Police, the Cyprus National Guard Naval Command, the Cyprus National Guard Air Force Command, the Cyprus Civil Defence and other secondary Units, acting as a communications agent between them, so that they do not conduct overlapping searches and waste time by searching areas already searched by other units and in general help all the different units operate as a single larger in numbers unit, eliminating any other problems that might occur when many different units operate without any communications between them.

neg: Chicano literature issues than people in Northern Mexico (who themselves have different issues than those coming from Southern Mexico, etc.). We might also wonder whether the term applies to American families who have assimilated to US culture. Other issues arise when we try to add race into the mix, as some Mexicans are of mostly Spanish heritage, whereas many others come from the intermixture of Spanish and indigenous peoples: how different are the perspectives of the "mestizo" Mexican population from those of the Hispano population? Further, there is the issue of people from Mexico who are neither of Spanish nor Mexican stock,

neg: Aztec diamond Focusing on how we can begin our tiling, we have two cases. We can start with our first tile being vertical, which means we are left with formula_38 which has formula_39 different tilings. The other way we can start our tiling is by laying two horizontal tiles on top of each other, which leaves us with formula_40 that has formula_41 different tilings. By adding the two together, the number of tilings for formula_42. There are many tools to used throughout tiling projects, but two useful ones are GeoGebra and program created by Jim Propp, Greg Kuperburg, and David Wilson in

neg: Law enforcement in the United States Most of these serve special-purpose districts and are known as special district police. In some states, they serve as little more than security police, but in states such as California, special district forces are composed of fully sworn peace officers with statewide authority. These agencies can be transit police, school district police, campus police, airport police, railroad police, park police or police departments responsible for protecting government property, such as the former Los Angeles General Services Police. Some agencies, such as the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey Police Department, have multi-state powers. There are also some Private

neg: Federal Police (Mexico) in stages over time, as its budget has grown and it has combined and reorganized police departments from major agencies such as those for migration, treasury, and highways. Many large bus stations and airports in Mexico are assigned a PF detachment. Public Safety Secretary Genaro García Luna hoped to reform the nation's long-troubled police. Among other steps, he consolidated several agencies into a Federal Police force of nearly 25,000. The Federal Police celebrates its anniversary on July 13 every year (Federal Police Day), with its history dating to 1928 as the successor of the agencies mentioned above. When Felipe Calderón

neg: Emergency if appropriate). There are many emergency services protocols that apply in an emergency, which usually start with planning before an emergency occurs. One commonly used system for demonstrating the phases is shown here on the right. The planning phase starts at preparedness, where the agencies decide how to respond to a given incident or set of circumstances. This should ideally include lines of command and control, and division of activities between agencies. This avoids potentially negative situations such as three separate agencies all starting an official emergency shelter for victims of a disaster. Following an emergency occurring, the agencies then