query: where is sugar cane grown in the caribbean

pos: Sugar plantations in the Caribbean producing sugar. However, sugar is still produced in Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica, Belize and Cuba, among other countries. Sugar plantations in the Caribbean Sugar was the main crop produced on plantations throughout the Caribbean in the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries. Most islands were covered with sugar cane fields, and mills for refining it. The main source of labor, until the abolition of chattel slavery, was enslaved Africans. After the abolition of slavery, indentured laborers from India, China, and Java migrated to the Caribbean to mostly work on the sugar plantations. These plantations produced 80 to 90 percent of the sugar

pos: Central Sugar Mill Ruins 1788 but subsequent plantings at Sydney, Port Macquarie and Norfolk Island failed to be commercially viable. Captain Louis Hope grew a cane crop successfully in Queensland in 1862. By 1864 the first commercial sugar mill in Australia had been established by him at Ormiston and interest in growing sugar cane spread rapidly. By the end of the decade cane was being cultivated further north at Maryborough, Mackay and Bundaberg, where the warmer climate proved more suitable for cane growing. In 1862 John Buhot, originally from Barbados, in the West Indies, experimentally produced sugar granules from cane grown in the Brisbane

pos: Sugar plantations in the Caribbean cane production expanded in larger countries, such as Saint Domingue and Jamaica. As part of the mass sugar industry, sugar cane processing gave rise to related commodities such as rum, molasses, and falernum. The West India Interest was formed in the 1740s, when the British merchants joined with the West Indian sugar planters. The British and West Indies shared profits and needs. This organization was the first sugar-trading organization which had a large voice in Parliament. In the 1740s, Jamaica and Saint Domingue (Haiti) became the world’s main sugar producers. They increased production in Saint Domingue by using an irrigation

pos: Drax Hall Estate Drax Hall Estate Drax Hall Estate (Barbados) was a sugarcane plantation of Saint George in central Barbados in the Caribbean. It is the site where the first sugar cane was cultivated in Barbados and is still only one of three Jacobean houses remaining in Barbados. The estate has belonged to the Drax family since it was built in the early 1650s by James Drax and his brother, William. The estate is still a sugar plantation but the house is not open to the public, its grounds spanning much of the eastern landscape of Saint George. William Drax moved on to

pos: Guatemala, Cuba Guatemala, Cuba Guatemala, also known as Preston, is a Cuban village and "consejo popular" ("people's council", i.e. hamlet) of the municipality of Mayarí, in Holguín Province. In the first half of the 20th century, the village was a sugar cane processing center owned and operated by the United Fruit Company and named in honor of one of the company's founders, Andrew W. Preston. In the Caribbean, processing centers for cane sugar are referred to by the Spanish term "central". Following the Cuban Revolution of 1958, United Fruit was forced to withdraw and the Cuban government renamed the town Guatemala to

pos: Slavery in the British and French Caribbean relationships were not always positive, and abuse did occur. Sugar production in the Lesser Antilles was a very grisly business. On Jamaica from 1829 to 1832 the average mortality rate for slaves on sugar plantations was 35.1 deaths per 1000 enslaved. The most dangerous part of the sugar plantation was the cane planting. Cane planting during this era consisted of clearing land, digging the holes for the plants, and more. Overseers used the whip in an attempt to both motivate and punish slaves. The slaves themselves were also working and living with barely adequate nourishment and in times of hard

pos: Sugar plantations in the Caribbean system that French engineers built. The engineers also built reservoirs, diversion dams, levees, aqueducts, and canals. In addition, they improved their mills and used varieties of cane and grasses. After the end of slavery in Saint Domingue at the turn of the 19th century, with the Haitian Revolution, Cuba became the most substantial sugar plantation colony in the Caribbean, outperforming the British islands. In the 19th century, sugar dominated Martinique, Grenada, Jamaica, Saint Croix, Barbados, Leeward Islands, Saint Domingue, Cuba, and many other islands that had been run by French, British, or Spanishowners. During the late 19th and 20th centuries,

pos: History of slavery production. England had multiple sugar islands in the Caribbean, especially Jamaica, Barbados, Nevis, and Antigua, which provided a steady flow of sugar sales; slave labor produced the sugar. By the 1700s, there were more slaves in Barbados than all the colonies combined. Since Barbados did not have many mountains, the British were able to clear land for sugar cane. Indentured servants were initially sent to Barbados to work in the sugar fields. These indentured servants were treated so poorly that future indentured servants stopped going to Barbados, and there was not enough people to work the fields. This is when

pos: Sidney Mintz Sidney Mintz Sidney Wilfred Mintz (November 16, 1922 – December 27, 2015) was an anthropologist best known for his studies of the Caribbean, creolization, and the anthropology of food. Mintz received his PhD at Columbia University in 1951 and conducted his primary fieldwork among sugar-cane workers in Puerto Rico. Later expanding his ethnographic research to Haiti and Jamaica, he produced historical and ethnographic studies of slavery and global capitalism, cultural hybridity, Caribbean peasants, and the political economy of food commodities. He taught for two decades at Yale University before helping to found the Anthropology Department at Johns Hopkins University, where

pos: History of sugar After 1625, the Dutch carried sugarcane from South America to the Caribbean islands, where it was grown from Barbados to the Virgin Islands. Contemporaries often compared the worth of sugar with valuable commodities including musk, pearls, and spices. Sugar prices declined slowly as its production became multi-sourced, especially through British colonial policy. Formerly an indulgence of only the rich, the consumption of sugar also became increasingly common among the poor as well. Sugar production increased in mainland North American colonies, in Cuba, and in Brazil. The labour force at first included European indentured servants and local Native American slaves. However,

neg: Sugar plantations in the Caribbean Brazilian settlement colony, located on the island Sao Vincente. As the Portuguese and Spanish maintained a strong colonial presence in the Caribbean, the Iberian Peninsula amassed tremendous wealth from the cultivation of this cash crop. Other imperial states observed the economic boom catalyzed by the plantation system and began colonizing the remaining American territories, hoping to capitalize on the lucrative cultivation and trade of natural resources. Sugar was the most important crop throughout the Caribbean, although other crops such as coffee, indigo, and rice were also grown. Sugar cane was best grown on relatively flat land near coastal waters, where

neg: Rum sugarcane. A rum's quality is dependent on the quality and variety of the sugar cane that was used to create it. The sugar cane's quality depends on the soil type and climate that it was grown in. Within the Caribbean, much of this molasses is from Brazil. A notable exception is the French-speaking islands, where sugarcane juice is the preferred base ingredient. In Brazil itself, the distilled alcoholic drink derived from cane juice is distinguished from rum and called "cachaça". Yeast and water are added to the base ingredient to start the fermentation process. While some rum producers allow wild

neg: Sucrose Sucrose Sucrose is common table sugar. It is a disaccharide, a molecule composed of two monosaccharides: glucose and fructose. Sucrose is produced naturally in plants, from which table sugar is refined. It has the formula CHO. For human consumption, sucrose is extracted, and refined, from either sugar cane or sugar beet. Sugar mills are located where sugar cane is grown to crush the cane and produce raw sugar which is shipped around the world for refining into pure sucrose. Some sugar mills also process the raw sugar into pure sucrose. Sugar beet factories are located in colder climates where the

neg: History of the Southern United States the American colonies from that in the Caribbean. Often Caribbean slaves were worked literally to death on large sugar and rice plantations, while the American slave population had a higher life expectancy and was maintained through natural reproduction. This natural reproduction was important for the continuation of slavery after the prohibition on slave importation after about 1780. Much of the slave trade was conducted as part of the "triangular trade", a three-way exchange of slaves, rum, and sugar. Northern shippers purchased slaves using rum, made in New England from cane sugar, which was in turn grown in the Caribbean. This

neg: Sugar Cane Growers Cooperative of Florida Sugar Cane Growers Cooperative of Florida Sugar Cane Growers Cooperative of Florida is a vertically integrated agricultural enterprise that harvests, transports and processes sugarcane grown primarily in Palm Beach County, Florida and markets the raw sugar and blackstrap molasses through the Florida Sugar and Molasses Exchange. The Cooperative is made up of 45 grower-owners who produce sugarcane on approximately 70,000 acres of some of the most fertile farmland in America, located in the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA). Sugarcane grown by Cooperative members is harvested, transported and processed. The raw sugar is then marketed to one of the ASR Group's sugar

neg: Moreton Central Sugar Mill Cane Tramway experimented with sugar cane growing at Bli Bli in the 1860s, but in 1869 a group of Quakers took up land near the junction of the Mooloolah River and Sippy Creek, planted sugar cane and erected a crushing mill. This project was abandoned after severe flooding in the 1870s, but cane was grown successfully in other parts of the district including Buderim, where in 1876 Joseph Chapman Dixon, one of the Mooloolah growers, established a mill in order to process his own cane and that of neighbouring farms. In 1881 the Buderim Mountain Sugar Mill was established and also served

neg: Sugarcane juice Sugarcane juice Sugarcane juice is the liquid extracted from pressed sugarcane. "Juice" is misleading as this is not a fruit or vegetable juice. It is consumed as a beverage in many places, especially where sugarcane is commercially grown such as Southeast Asia, the Indian Subcontinent, Egypt, and Latin America. Evaporated cane juice, as an ingredient in prepared food, is a misleading way of saying "sugar". Sugarcane juice is obtained by crushing peeled sugar cane in a mill and is one of the main precursors of rum. Raw sugar cane juice can be a health risk to drinkers due to the

neg: Moreton Central Sugar Mill and by the end of the decade, cane had also been successfully established further north at Maryborough, Mackay and Bundaberg, where the warmer climate proved more suitable. William Clark had experimented with sugar cane growing at Bli Bli in the 1860s, but in 1869 a group of Quakers took up land near the junction of the Mooloolah River and Sippy Creek, planted sugar cane and erected a crushing mill. This project was abandoned after severe flooding in the 1870s, but cane was grown successfully in other parts of the district including Buderim, where in 1876 Joseph Chapman Dixon, one of

neg: Sugar beet internment camps who were familiar with sugar beet production to work on the farms. Sugar beets are grown in 11 states and represent 55% of the US sugar production as compared to sugar cane which is grown in 4 states and accounts for 45% of US sugar production. Sugar beets were not grown on a large scale in the United Kingdom until the mid-1920s, when 17 processing factories were built, following war-time shortages of imported cane sugar. Before World War I, with its far-flung empire, the United Kingdom simply imported the sugar from the cheapest market. However, World War I

neg: Morelos to sugar cane and the refining of such into sugar in nearby mills. Since this sugar competed with that grown in the Caribbean by slaves, the hacienda system was extremely powerful, reducing many indigenous to landless peasants, dependent on wage labor. This system would remain more or less intact until the Mexican Revolution. The conditions on the sugar plantations of Morelos made Father Miguel Hidalgo's call to take up arms well received by the indigenous and mestizo populations of the state. The first rebellions broke out in 1811, with some early successes. An early insurgent leader in the state was

neg: Sugar and East Africa and Natal. Thus the modern ethnic mix of many nations that have been settled in the last two centuries has been influenced by the demand for sugar. Sugar also led to some industrialization of areas where sugar cane was grown. For example, in the 1790s Lieutenant J. Paterson, of the Bengal establishment, promoted to the British Government the idea that sugar cane could grow in British India, where it had started, with many advantages and at less expense than in the West Indies. As a result, sugar factories were established in Bihar in eastern India. During the

neg: Cyril Pemberton 1951, but he retained a desk until 1966. Cyril Pemberton Cyril Eugene Pemberton (born August 12, 1886, Los Angeles, California; died May 16, 1975, Diamond Head, Hawaii) was an American economic entomologist known for his work with sugar cane pests. He was the chief entomologist for the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association during the interwar years and a leading researcher into biological control of insect pests in sugar cane. Pemberton was a driving force behind the introduction of the voracious cane toad from the Caribbean into Hawaii and Australia, where it became one of that continent’s worst invasive species. Pemberton was

neg: Cyril Pemberton Cyril Pemberton Cyril Eugene Pemberton (born August 12, 1886, Los Angeles, California; died May 16, 1975, Diamond Head, Hawaii) was an American economic entomologist known for his work with sugar cane pests. He was the chief entomologist for the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association during the interwar years and a leading researcher into biological control of insect pests in sugar cane. Pemberton was a driving force behind the introduction of the voracious cane toad from the Caribbean into Hawaii and Australia, where it became one of that continent’s worst invasive species. Pemberton was born to parents descended from Canton, Missouri on

neg: Tramway Lift Bridge over Maroochy River where the warmer climate proved more suitable. William Clark had experimented with sugar cane growing at Bli Bli in the 1860s, but in 1869 a group of Quakers took up land near the junction of the Mooloolah River and Sippy Creek, planted sugar cane and erected a crushing mill. This project was abandoned after severe flooding in the 1870s, but cane was grown successfully in other parts of the district including Buderim, where in 1876 Joseph Chapman Dixon, one of the Mooloolah growers, established a mill in order to process his own cane and that of neighbouring farms. In 1881

neg: Tully, Queensland the previous decade. Tully is one of the larger towns of the Cassowary Coast Region. The economic base of the region is agriculture; sugar cane and banana being the dominant crops grown. The sugar cane grown at the many farms in the district is processed locally at the Tully Sugar Mill to give raw sugar which is shipped elsewhere for refinement. The Tully River area was slowly settled once Cardwell, to the south, was established. The river was renamed in 1872 in honour of William Alcock Tully, then under-secretary for public lands and chief commissioner of crown lands in Queensland.

neg: Rhum agricole byproduct of sugar refining. When France began to make sugar from sugar beets around 1811, sugar prices dropped and the debt-ridden sugar factories in the French Caribbean could not survive solely on sugar production. Fresh cane juice was now available for fermenting and distilling into rum. Cane juice rums from Martinique are labeled "AOC Martinique Rhum Agricole" because French and European law allowed a designation called "Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée" (protected designation of origin) for rums produced on the island of Martinique that meet certain local standards. This designation is unique to Martinique and does not define the category of cane

neg: Food vs. fuel The two countries also agreed to share technology and set international standards for biofuels. The Brazilian sugar cane technology transfer will permit various Central American countries, such as Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama, several Caribbean countries, and various Andean Countries tariff-free trade with the U.S. thanks to existing concessionary trade agreements. Even though the U.S. imposes a USD 0.54 tariff on every gallon of imported ethanol, the Caribbean nations and countries in the Central American Free Trade Agreement are exempt from such duties if they produce ethanol from crops grown in their own countries. The expectation is that using

neg: Economic history of the United States three to four times faster to pick.The cotton trade, excluding financing, transport and marketing, was 6 percent or less of national income in the 1830s. Cotton became the United States' largest export. Sugar cane was being grown in Louisiana, where it was refined into granular sugar. Growing and refining sugar required a large amount of capital. Some of the nation's wealthiest people owned sugar plantations, which often had their own sugar mills. Southern plantations, which grew cotton, sugar cane and tobacco, used African slave labor. Per capita food production did not keep pace with the rapidly expanding urban population and

neg: Ethanol fuel energy balance there may be a positive net energy return at the moment, recent research suggests that the sugarcane plantations are not sustainable in the long run, as they are depleting the soil of nutrients and carbon matter On the other hand, productivity of sugar cane per land area in Brazil has consistently grown over the decades; sugar cane has been shown to be less depleting to the soil than cattle and yearly cultures; and there are many regions in the country where sugar cane has been cultivated for centuries. Those facts suggest that related soil depletion processes are very slow and

neg: Sucanat Caribbean, and Sucanat (which is a brand name product). These products contain much of the molasses that would otherwise be removed in the refining process, giving them a strong flavor. Unlike traditional brown sugar, vitamins, minerals, and molasses are not displaced during the processing of the product. Sucanat is now a registered trademark of Ragus Holdings, Inc. Sucanat Sucanat (a contraction of "Sucre de canne naturel") is a brand name for a variety of whole cane sugar that was introduced by Pronatec in 1978. Unlike refined and processed white cane sugar and brown cane sugar, but similar to panela and

neg: Sugar Cane Growers Cooperative of Florida increasingly complex global business. In 2005, California and Hawaiian Sugar Company was acquired by American Sugar Refining (ASR, better known as Domino Sugar), a company owned by Florida Crystals and the Sugar Cane Growers Cooperative of Florida. Florida Crystals is a privately held company that is part of FLO-SUN, a sugar empire of the Fanjul family whose origins trace to Spanish-Cuban sugar plantations of the early 19th century. Once formed, the Cooperative's immediate need was to build a state-of-the-art processing facility and agricultural equipment to harvest the sugar cane grown by its members. The member-growers were assessed 30 cents per

neg: Sugar plantations in the Caribbean the sugar cane industry came to dominate Puerto Rico's economy, both under the colonial rule of Spain and under the United States. After slavery, sugar plantations used a variety of forms of labour including workers imported from colonial India and Southern China working as indentured servants on European owned plantations (see coolie). In the 20th century, large-scale sugar production using wage labour continued in many parts of the region. The sugar cane industry had a negative impact in terms of environment as this industry grew in Caribbean countries. These included the destruction of forests, water pollution, and loss of fertility

neg: The Sugar Cane The Sugar Cane The Sugar Cane was a pioneering georgic poem adapted to a West Indian theme, first published in 1764. With renewed interest in Caribbean literature, and especially after a new edition was published in 2000, it has attracted critical attention, especially its author's attitude towards slavery. The Scottish doctor James Grainger settled on the West Indian island of St. Kitts in 1759. Marrying there, his parents-in-law made him manager of the family’s sugar estates. At the same time he also set up in medical practice and rode about the island visiting patients. His georgic poem "The Sugar Cane"

neg: Valcour Aime began the cultivation of sugar cane. By the 1830s, his plantation had grown to 10,000 acres and was the leading sugar producer in the world. Valcour Aime kept a plantation diary from 1823 to 1854 documenting temperature, farming techniques, and various experiments with new varieties of cane and equipment. He is credited with perfecting the vacuum-pan method and was one of the only planters who refined sugar directly from cane juice on site. His innovative technique gave him a competitive edge, made him the richest man in Louisiana, and earned him the title "father of white sugar." His sugar was

neg: Distillerie Dillon named Louise. Then they bought the estate, flourishing with sugar cane, and had a daughter Fanny. Dillon became a deputy, and his daughter was presented by her cousin Josephine to Napoleon. She married General Bertrand, and they both accompanied Napoleon into exile on Elba and St Helena. On returning to the Dillon Plantation, she campaigned against slavery. There are ten varieties of sugar cane used by Dillon. The cane is grown for two years and when harvested the sugar is extracted over a period of 2 to 3 days. Speed is essential. The saying goes "the cane should have its

neg: Rhum agricole notable are the Barbancourt rums of Haiti which are aged to four, eight and fifteen years. A form of cane juice rum first appeared in Brazil where it is called Cachaça. Rhum agricole Rhum agricole () is the French term for "cane juice rum", a style of rum originally distilled in the French Caribbean islands from freshly squeezed sugar cane juice rather than molasses. "Rhum" is the term that typically distinguishes rum made from molasses in French-speaking locales in the West Indies. Cane juice rum mostly comes from Haiti, Martinique, and the Guadeloupe islands of Marie-Galante, Grande-Terre, and Basse-Terre, but

neg: Sugar plantations in the Caribbean Sugar plantations in the Caribbean Sugar was the main crop produced on plantations throughout the Caribbean in the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries. Most islands were covered with sugar cane fields, and mills for refining it. The main source of labor, until the abolition of chattel slavery, was enslaved Africans. After the abolition of slavery, indentured laborers from India, China, and Java migrated to the Caribbean to mostly work on the sugar plantations. These plantations produced 80 to 90 percent of the sugar consumed in Western Europe. The Portuguese introduced sugar plantations in the 1550’s off the coast of their

neg: Zafra (agriculture) Zafra (agriculture) The zafra is the late summer or early autumn harvest; the term is common in countries with Arabic or Spanish influence. In the Caribbean, the term generally refers to the sugar cane harvest (Rojas: 226). There, the "zafra" runs from January through May (Gorry and Stanley: 141), whereas in the Mediterranean it occurs in September to October. In each case, however, the "zafra" was closely tied to the life cycle of sugar. Because in the Caribbean cane is ready for harvest at a time of year different from in Spain or North Africa, the meaning of the term

neg: Rhum Barbancourt made directly from sugar cane juice rather than the sugar cane by-product molasses. This is similar to the rhum agricole of Martinique, which is strictly controlled by law. Fermenting fresh sugar cane juice provides a more flavorful product. Barbancourt's products are highly regarded and have won many tastings and competitions, and have won excellent reviews from rum connoisseurs. Available in the United States, its Estate Réserve is aged for 15 years. Within the Caribbean region, the original Réserve du Domaine is also aged 15 years, and each bottle previously had a unique serial number—however the labels have changed recently and

neg: Ethanol fuel in Brazil current biotechnology research, genetic improvement, and better agronomic practices, thus contributing to reduce land demand for future sugarcane cultures. This trend is demonstrated by the increases in agricultural production that took place in São Paulo state between 1990 and 2004, where coffee, orange, sugarcane and other food crops were grown in an almost constant area. Also regarding the potential negative impacts of land use changes on carbon emissions, a study commissioned by the Dutch government concluded that ""it is very difficult to determine the indirect effects of further land use for sugar cane production (i.e. sugar cane replacing another crop

neg: Antigua according to a Smithsonian Institution article, the West African slave population in the Caribbean also had a high mortality rate, which was compensated by regular imports of very high numbers of new slaves from West and Central Africa. Sugar cane was one of the most grueling and dangerous crops slaves were forced to cultivate. Harvesting cane required backbreaking long days in sugar cane fields under the hot island sun. Because of how quickly sugar cane spoiled once it was harvested and mills were slow and inefficient, during the harvest season the mill and boiling house operated 24 hours a day

neg: Ethanol fuel by country there have been no reports of adverse effects to vehicles running on ethanol blended fuels. All countries in Central America, northern South America and the Caribbean are located in a tropical zone with suitable climate for growing sugar cane. In fact, most of these countries have a long tradition of growing sugar cane mainly for producing sugar and alcoholic beverages. As a result of the guerrilla movements in Central America, in 1983 the United States unilateral and temporarily approved the Caribbean Basin Initiative, allowing most countries in the region to benefit from several tariff and trade benefits. These benefits were

neg: Ethanol fuel in Brazil he and Brazil's president, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, were seeking to promote the production and use of sugar cane–based ethanol throughout Latin America and the Caribbean. The two countries also agreed to share technology and set international standards for biofuels. The Brazilian sugar cane technology transfer will permit various Central American countries, such as Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama, several Caribbean countries, and various Andean Countries tariff-free trade with the U.S. thanks to existing concessionary trade agreements. Even though the U.S. has imposed a US$0.54 tariff on every gallon of imported ethanol since 1980, the Caribbean nations and

neg: Kraken Rum by "Impact" magazine. Kraken Rum Kraken Black Spiced Rum is a Caribbean black spiced rum. It is distributed in the United States by Proximo Spirits, and named after the kraken, a mythical giant squid-like sea monster. Kraken Rum was introduced in 2010. The base rum is from Trinidad, distilled from naturally sweet molasses made from locally-grown sugar cane. The rum is aged 1–2 years and then blended with a mix of 11 spices, including cinnamon, ginger and clove. The liquid is black, revealing hints of brown when held up to the light. The bottle is styled after a Victorian rum

neg: Kraken Rum Kraken Rum Kraken Black Spiced Rum is a Caribbean black spiced rum. It is distributed in the United States by Proximo Spirits, and named after the kraken, a mythical giant squid-like sea monster. Kraken Rum was introduced in 2010. The base rum is from Trinidad, distilled from naturally sweet molasses made from locally-grown sugar cane. The rum is aged 1–2 years and then blended with a mix of 11 spices, including cinnamon, ginger and clove. The liquid is black, revealing hints of brown when held up to the light. The bottle is styled after a Victorian rum bottle, with two

neg: Sugar Research Institute Australian sugar industry comprised mainly small cane farms located along the continent's tropical and sub-tropical Queensland and New South Wales coastline. The 5.5 million tonne cane crop, almost entirely grown in Queensland, was crushed by 34 raw sugar mills, most of which were owned co-operatively by growers. The highly regulated sugar industry was still recovering from material and labour shortages caused by World War II and was endeavouring to reassert its position in the world marketplace as a steady, consistent supplier of raw sugar. To achieve this goal, the industry's leaders determined they would have to expand cane production and

neg: Sugar Cane Growers Cooperative of Florida chartered Sugar Cane Growers Cooperative of Florida. In the years since then, the Cooperative has grown in scale and scope and is now a vertically integrated operation involved in the farming, processing, marketing, refining and distribution of cane sugar. Collectively, the farmers of the Cooperative have all of the resources, technical and regulatory support, marketing and legal resources, usually afforded to only the largest farming operations. The Cooperative makes it possible for these family farmers to stay abreast of the most recent technological advancements in science to protect and preserve the environment and provide economic stability and viability in an

neg: Lakhimpur Kheri district of the 34 districts in Uttar Pradesh currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF). Wheat, rice, maize, barley, and pulses are the major food crops. Recently farmers have started menthol mint farming in the district, as being the Terai region it is ideal for mint cultivation. Sugar-cane and oilseeds are the chief non-food crops. Sugar-cane is grown and processed in this district, forming the backbone of the local economy. Some of India's second largest sugar mills are in the district. Bajaj Hindusthan Limited (BHL) sugar plant in Gola Gokarannath and Bajaj Hindusthan Limited (BHL) sugar plant

neg: Labasa The surrounding areas of Labasa are mostly farming areas, which contribute to much of the industry in the town. The largest crop grown is sugar cane. The large Fiji Sugar Corporation sugar mill in Labasa town is the only such mill on the island. Recently, due to political changes and loss of overseas markets, sugar cane farming and production has been steadily decreasing. This has been reflected in the increasing migration of people to the main island of Viti Levu, in search of employment opportunities. Labasa Hospital is the referral center for all health centers and hospital on the island

neg: Rhum agricole Rhum agricole Rhum agricole () is the French term for "cane juice rum", a style of rum originally distilled in the French Caribbean islands from freshly squeezed sugar cane juice rather than molasses. "Rhum" is the term that typically distinguishes rum made from molasses in French-speaking locales in the West Indies. Cane juice rum mostly comes from Haiti, Martinique, and the Guadeloupe islands of Marie-Galante, Grande-Terre, and Basse-Terre, but is made throughout the Caribbean, including on Trinidad, Panama, the Dominican Republic and Grenada, and in the Indian Ocean on Mauritius and Réunion Island. Most rum is made from molasses, a

neg: Colonial Sugar Refining Company (Fiji) and operated as the Vancouver-Fiji Sugar Company. It still failed to make any profit and was closed in 1923. The Nausori Mill was shut down in 1959 because of low sugar content in the cane supplied to it. When sugar mills were being set up in Fiji in the 1870s and 1880s it was hoped that Fijians would be the major supplier of cane. Initially cane was grown by Fijians as a tax crop. Each province was assessed for tax and if the value of the crop handed to the Government exceeded the assessment, a refund was paid to the

neg: Sugar beet of the remaining sugar beet land for grain production. This resulted in a shortage that revived the shrinking cane sugar industry. The first attempts at sugar beet cultivation were pursued by abolitionists in New England. The "Beet Sugar Society of Philadelphia" was founded in 1836 and promoted home-produced beet sugar as an alternative to the slave-produced cane sugar from the West Indies or sugar imported from Asia (called "free sugar" because it was grown without using slavery), but which tasted "awful". However, this movement failed, perhaps most due to the unpopularity of abolitionists at the time, at least until the

neg: Burundu Cane mess them when Sugar Cane is harvested. Mobile phone network coverage is provided by Zain, Yu and Safaricom that have base stations in Nambacha and Muhuni. Burundu Burundu is a rural village in Kakamega County of the former Western Province in Kenya. It is part of the West Kabras ward of Malava Constituency and Kakamega County Council. The people of Burundu are the Kabras, a subgroup of the Luhya. The main economic activity is Sugar Cane farming as a cash crop. Maize and sweet potatoes are grown for subsistence use. Cattle, sheep, goats, chicken and ducks are all reared

neg: Sucrose of cane sugar exporting nations (led by Brazil and Australia) and ruled the EU sugar-régime and the accompanying ACP-EU Sugar Protocol (whereby a group of African, Caribbean, and Pacific countries receive preferential access to the European sugar market) illegal. In response to this and to other rulings of the WTO, and owing to internal pressures on the EU sugar-régime, the European Commission proposed on 22 June 2005 a radical reform of the EU sugar-régime, cutting prices by 39% and eliminating all EU sugar exports. The African, Caribbean, Pacific and least developed country sugar exporters reacted with dismay to the EU

neg: Eldana copulation. African sugar-cane borer males secrete pheromones by wing glands and abdominal hair-pencils to attract females. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MC) analysis showed one major volatile component. This compound was identified to be trans-3-methyl-4-dimethylallyl-𝛾-lactone (CHO). The African sugar-cane borer larvae enter mature target plants through cracks or openings in the stalk. They have been found to survive crop burnings while bored into the base of the plant and will later emerge as soon as new, young plant shoots appear. Infestations of "E.saccharina" are more commonly found in intensively grown sugarcane than in peasant-grown fields. This is due to higher levels

neg: Canambie Homestead was cultivating principally maize and sugar cane, with some coffee. By the mid-1870s, sugar cane was grown extensively on Buderim Mountain, with planters utilising South Sea Islander labour. In 1875, JC Dixon and his father-in-law John Fielding went into partnership to established the mountain's first sugar mill, which was erected on part of portion 47 (Mill Road is indicative of the site). Fielding and Dixon purchased an evaporating-pan sugar plant from Fountains of Burpengary, who had imported it from Scotland. The site was surveyed and burnt off in late 1875, the sheds and chimney were erected through early and mid-1876,

neg: Original Maryborough Town Site combined effects of flooding or human intervention. The site was periodically flooded and over a metre of silt was deposited on the river terrace where Furber Street is located. Sugar cane was grown over part of the site in the early twentieth century and fossickers have also combed the area for souvenirs. In 1919 a farmhouse was moved onto the northwest end of the site (outside the Queensland heritage register boundary), near where Palmer's inn stood, but it has been since removed, along with its outbuildings. Cane farming on the pasture that lies to the northwest of the current parkland

neg: Capesterre-de-Marie-Galante and scrubland. North, there are sugar fields where sugar is produced. Other food crops such as bananas, cocoa and coffee are also grown. Fishing is also done at the harbor. There are also manufacturing factories near Capesterre. There is one rum distillery at Capesterre, Bellevue Distillery and it produces Rum Domaine de Bellevue. Also, there is a factory where the production of Moysan Cane syrup. This is a traditional and typical Marie-Galantine product. It is the by-product from the cooked juices of the canes. Tourism is not a full-scale industry. Capesterre has two hotels nearby and several restaurants. The beaches

neg: History of agriculture in the United States 1820–23 and again from 1840–43. Sugar cane was being grown in Louisiana, where it was refined into granular sugar. Growing and refining sugar required a large amount of capital. Some of the nation's wealthiest men owned sugar plantations, which often had their own sugar mills. In New England, subsistence agriculture gave way after 1810 to production to provide food supplies for the rapidly growing industrial towns and cities. New specialty export crops were introducued such as tobacco and cranberries. The first major movement west of the Appalachian mountains began in Pennsylvania, Virginia and North Carolina as soon as the Revolutionary

neg: Non-centrifugal cane sugar being known by many different names such as panela, jaggery, gur or muscovado. NCS contains over 90% carbohydrate, sucrose being the predominant (near 80%) sugar. It also contains minerals (up to 3%), mainly calcium, potassium, sodium, chloride and phosphates, but also a number of essential nutrients or oligo-elements including iron, zinc, magnesium, copper, cobalt, nickel and chromium. The particular chemical composition of NCS depends on the cane variety used, the soils on which it was grown, the fertilization applied and the processing methods. Generally produced for local markets, NCS probably was the dominant form of cane sugar consumption before the

neg: Crockett, California Crockett in 1866. Edwards built his home in 1867 and when other settlers arrived, he started the first general store in Crockett. Edwards' home still stands and is known as "The Old Homestead", a California Historical Landmark. Crocketville post office was established in 1883, and the name was changed to Crockett later that year. In 1906, an agricultural cooperative of Hawaiian sugar cane growers built a sugar factory in Crockett, eventually turning it into a company town for the California and Hawaiian Sugar Company, (better known as C&H). The cane was grown in Hawaii and delivered by ship to Crockett,

neg: City Botanic Gardens commercial value were tested in the gardens, first to see if they were viable, to determine what they needed for growth and if a profit could be made. Hill introduced mango, pawpaw, ginger, tamarind, mahogany, poinciana and jacaranda trees as well as tobacco, sugar, grape vines, wheat, tropical fruits, tea, coffee, spices and textile plants. He encouraged the work of the sugar pioneer John Buhot which culminated in the first production of granulated sugar in Queensland in April 1862. A cairn was erected at the site where the sugar cane was grown. Hill also supported the work of the Queensland

neg: Clairin is the only natural rum in the Caribbean. Producers are everywhere; often in the middle of sugar cane fields one can find wooden mills or small diesel mills, stills and fermentation vats that are typically made of oak or mango wood. Clairin is made from indigenous cane varieties, non-hybridized, with no chemical interference in the agriculture. They are spontaneously fermented with no yeast selected, distillation techniques from the mid 18th century, and no filtration. This is because Haiti is the only Caribbean territory that rebelled against slavery and actually won the revolution in 1804. Clairin is considered to be the

neg: Sugar Cane Alley Sugar Cane Alley Sugar Cane Alley (French title: "La Rue Cases-Nègres") is a 1983 film directed by Euzhan Palcy. It is set in Martinique in the 1930s, where blacks working sugarcane fields were still treated harshly by their white employers. It is based on a semi-autobiographical novel by Joseph Zobel of the same name, or, alternatively titled "Black Shack Alley". José, the protagonist, is a young boy living in a rural part of Martinique in the 1930s. Many of the people around him, including his grandmother, Ma'Tine, with whom he lives, work in the sugar cane fields where they are

neg: Sugar plantations in the Caribbean the soil was naturally yellow and fertile; mountainous parts of the islands were less likely to be used for cane cultivation. The coastal placement of commercial ports gave imperial states a geographic advantage to ship the crop throughout the transatlantic world. Sugar created a unique political ecology, the relationship between labor, profits, and ecological consequences, in the Caribbean. Imperial powers forcefully displaced west African peoples to cultivate sugar using slave labor. By exploiting labor and the natural world, imperial conflicts arose in the Caribbean vying for political and economic control. For example, conflicts among the English, Spanish, French, and various

neg: History of Maui was quickly rebuilt and a rubble stone breakwater was constructed to improve the harbor in 1884. Sugar cane was grown on Maui's west coast in the area between Kāanapali and Lahaina. A short line narrow-gauge railroad, the Lahaina Kāanapali and Pacific Railroad (L.K.&P. R.R. brought cane to the Pioneer sugar mill at Lahaina. The railroad closed in the 1950s when trucks were introduced. HC&S built one of the world's largest sugar mills in 1901 at Puunene. MA built its own sugar mill at Paia in 1906. The next decades brought explosive growth in the sugar industry. The key to cane's

neg: Apple Beer cane sugar, citric acid, natural flavors, vitamin C. Apple Beer Apple Beer is a non-alcoholic American variant of the German drink "fassbrause", produced by The Apple Beer Corporation in Salt Lake City. The beverage is made with pure cane sugar. Apple Beer is primarily distributed to the Western and Mountain regions of the United States and in the Caribbean. Apple Beer was first produced in the 1960s from the "fassbrause" formula of Scholvien & Co. (now WILD Flavors). Although originally only available in cans, Apple Beer is now also available in glass bottles and in soda fountains. The ingredient list

neg: Meringa Sugar Experiment Station 1950. Meringa was the headquarters for all the BSES's cane breeding and over time became the centre for pathology, agronomy and mill technology in the north. It was also the point of origin for all "Q" cane varieties, which in 2013 comprise 98% of the sugar cane grown in Queensland. To accommodate the cane breeding programme at Meringa, adjacent land was obtained. Portion 78 (R.483), to the south, was gazetted a Reserve for Experimental Farm on 27 August 1938. Two other reserves were added prior to 30 April 1953 (when all four of the Meringa SES's reserves were cancelled and

neg: Oaklands Sugar Mill - much of the harvesting was performed by South Sea Islander labourers. The mill ceased production in 1872 as sugar yields were poor in the mild winter climate of southern Queensland and due to the competition of larger and better yielding plantations being established in the Maryborough and Mackay regions. By 1836, sugar cane had reached southern Queensland and was being grown in small plots in the Moreton Bay Penal Settlement. Experimentation with sugar cane as a viable crop was also conducted between 1836 and 1847 by a number of enterprising citizens of the colony. Trials of suitable varieties were

neg: Zafra (agriculture) the term derives from "saʼifah" 'gathering time'. In Spain, the term referred to harvests that took place in September and October and was especially often used to describe the harvest of sugar cane, a crop whose production was brought from Arab lands. Zafra (agriculture) The zafra is the late summer or early autumn harvest; the term is common in countries with Arabic or Spanish influence. In the Caribbean, the term generally refers to the sugar cane harvest (Rojas: 226). There, the "zafra" runs from January through May (Gorry and Stanley: 141), whereas in the Mediterranean it occurs in September to

neg: Charthaval of Asadh. There is a shiv mandir where exists a natural Shivling where a large number of people visit in Sawan. There are two sugar cane crusher and Sugar Cane Small-scale plant (Kolhu) which produce Jagerry (Gurh in Urdu/Hindi) after processing sugar cane juice in Charthawal. They start their production from Oct. to May and get a hundred million business in the season. Bajaj Hindusthan Limited, Titawi sugar mill and Rohana Sugar Refinery are around the town. Charthawal is also famous for wholesale market of wood. There is more than 10 wholesale shop aadhat for wood sale. They purchase the

neg: Casa-grande Casa-grande The casa-grande (Portuguese and Spanish: "big house") was the Brazilian equivalent of a Southern plantation in the United States. These casas-grandes were predominantly located in the northeast of Brazil (areas such as present day Bahia and Pernambuco). Additionally, sugar cane was grown in the interior, in the states of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. The casa-grande was made up of three main components: the Big House, the "senzala" (slave quarters), and the "engenho" (sugar cane mill). The master of sugar production was called the "senhor de engenho" ("master of the sugar works"). His word was final, and he

neg: Arag Arag Arag is a small town in Sangli district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is approximately 30 km south east of the much larger urban conglomeration of Sangli-Miraj. As of the 2011 census Arag has a population of approximately 15,000. In Arag over 75% of the population is employed in agriculture and within the region the town is famous for its progressive farming techniques. The primary crops grown are sugar cane, paan mala, jwari, and, in common with the rest of the Sanli-region, Turmeric. Arag is Sangli's leading grape and sugar cane producing town. Arag is also famous

neg: Sugar Museum (Berlin) refining machinery and information on agricultural pests which affect sugar. Since the climate in the Caribbean was well suited to growing sugar, beginning in the 16th century, sugar was a major product of Western colonialism. Refining the sugar in the colonies where it was grown was legally discouraged or forbidden, so it was shipped back to Europe. The exhibits include models of the ships used and portray the development of major centres of sugar trading and refining in cities like Antwerp, Amsterdam, Bordeaux, Hamburg and London and the hard conditions for workers in both the sugar plantations and the sugar

neg: Sardheri Sardheri Sardheri (also known as Sardhero or Sardheray) is a town located in Charsadda District in the North West Frontier Province of Pakistan. Sardheri is situated on the Charsadda-Mardan road, 6 miles from Charsadda city towards East or 15 miles from Mardan towards West. From the Motorway charsadda interchange it is located about 6 km. The land of this town is very fertile, where three crops can be grown in a year. Major crops grown here are sugar cane, tobacco, wheat and many vegetables. As the lands held by the owners have been subdivided with subsequent divisions within families; a

neg: Cane Belt Railroad Cane Belt on July 1, 1905. Several events caused the downfall of the local sugarcane business. Sugarcane required an enormous amount of manual labor to cut and load into wagons. Since the local population could not meet the demand for workers, the planters leased convicts from the Texas penitentiary system. In 1898 about 700 prisoners were harvesting sugarcane. Mutinies among the convict crews occurred because of the harsh conditions in the cane fields. Molasses imported from abroad and sugar beets grown in the United States proved to be cheaper to convert into sugar. In 1910 the Texas legislature passed a

neg: Ethanol with large national infrastructure that produces ethanol from domestically grown sugar cane. Sugar cane not only has a greater concentration of sucrose than corn (by about 30%), but is also much easier to extract. The bagasse generated by the process is not wasted, but is used in power plants to produce electricity. In the United States, the ethanol fuel industry is based largely on corn. According to the Renewable Fuels Association, as of 30 October 2007, 131 grain ethanol bio-refineries in the United States have the capacity to produce of ethanol per year. An additional 72 construction projects underway (in

neg: Transport in Saint Kitts and Nevis railway line was originally built between 1912 and 1926 to transport sugar cane to the central sugar factory in Basseterre. The last load of sugar cane was delivered to the now-defunct factory in 2005, but since 2003 the railway has offered a circle tour of the island aboard specially designed open-air, double-decker coaches primarily for tourists. The "St. Kitts Scenic Railway" train currently runs from Sandy Point to Basseterre, traveling east. Transport in Saint Kitts and Nevis Transport within the Caribbean islands of Saint Kitts and Nevis (one country, a two-island federation) includes normal road traffic, public buses, taxis, ferries,

neg: Vân Canh District years, the sugar cane industry has developed substantially, and the sugar cane factory of Binh Dinh has grown, producing more economic opportunities. The area has a lot of idle grassland that can be exploited for grazing. The area has abundance of natural forests as well as planted ones. Vân Canh District Vân Canh is a rural district ("huyện") of Bình Định Province in the South Central Coast region of Vietnam. The district capital is Vân Canh. Vân Canh is a mountainous district, located in the southwest of Bình Định Province, and is relatively sparsely populated. Vân Canh borders Đồng Xuân

neg: Rail transport in Queensland its own trains if contract haulage rates from either Aurizon or Pacific National are unacceptable. Except where noted, this section relates to sugar cane lines in Queensland built to narrower than gauge, and in this section the term ‘narrow gauge’ means a gauge less than . Non sugar cane tramways covered by their own entries are: Sugar cane tramways were usually developed in conjunction with sugar mills as the major transport system for conveying harvested sugar cane for processing. As this is a seasonal traffic, minimising cost was a significant consideration, and the adoption of gauge enabled lines to be

neg: Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus "Xanthomonas albilineans" which is a pathogen found in sugar cane. In regard to the ecology of this microorganisms, the numbers of "G. diazotrophicus" that colonize sugarcane decrease when the plant is grown under high nitrogen fertilization doses. Overall, "Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus", through the research restated, plays a significant role in the environment for plants specifically sugar cane, helps to grow crops, and can be found in areas that are acidic and contain oxygen. The genome that was found to be closely sequenced with "Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus" was the Pal5 genome. This genome has one circular chromosome and two plasmids. The two plasmids

neg: Economy of Oaxaca mango and sugar cane. It is the second largest producer of goat meat, providing about 10% of the national total. In the more temperate areas crops such as corn, beans, sorghum, peanuts, alfalfa and wheat are grown. In more tropical areas, crops also include coffee, sesame seed, rice, sugar cane and pineapple. Livestock is raised on 3,050,106 hectares or 32% of the state’s land. Cattle dominate in the Tuxtepec, Isthmus and Coast regions, with pigs dominating in higher elevations such as the Central Valleys Region. Other animals include sheep, goats, domestic fowl and bees. The Value of this production was

neg: Oaxaca sugar cane. It is the second largest producer of goat meat, providing about 10% of the national total. In the more temperate areas crops such as corn, beans, sorghum, peanuts, alfalfa and wheat are grown. In more tropical areas, crops also include coffee, sesame seed, rice, sugar cane and pineapple. Livestock is raised on 3,050,106 hectares or 32% of the state's land. Cattle dominate in the Tuxtepec, Isthmus and Coast regions, with pigs dominating in higher elevations such as the Central Valleys Region. Other animals include sheep, goats, domestic fowl and bees. The value of this production was estimated at

neg: Waragi web series Fringes to the process of making and distributing Waragi. The episode also covered the cultural significance of Waragi in Uganda, with reporter Thomas Morton imbibing various distillations of the traditional beverage. Waragi can be brewed from bananas. The base of waragi distillate can be made from either cassava, bananas, millet or sugar cane, depending on the crops grown in the region. The most popular (besides the branded Uganda Waragi) are "Lira Lira" and "Kasese". "Lira Lira" is made mainly from cassava flour and cane sugar, and is named after the town of Lira. "Kasese", named after the town

neg: Afro-Latin Americans came to Guatemala to work on cotton, sugar cane, tobacco, and coffee plantations. Most were brought as slaves and also servants by European conquistadors. The main reason for slavery in Guatemala was because of the large sugar-cane plantations and haciendas located on Guatemala's Pacific and Caribbean coasts. Slavery didn't last too long during those times and all slaves and servants brought were later freed. They spread to different locations, primarily Guatemala's north, south and east. It is said that these freed slaves later mixed with Europeans, Native Indigenous, and Creoles (Criollos) of non-African descent. The national folk instrument, the marimba,

neg: History of the Caribbean food ingredient unleashed major economic and social changes. Caribbean islands with plentiful sunshine, abundant rainfalls and no extended frosts were well suited for sugarcane agriculture and sugar factories. Following the emancipation of slaves in 1833 in the United Kingdom, many liberated Africans left their former masters. This created an economic chaos for British owners of Caribbean sugar cane plantations. The hard work in hot, humid farms required a regular, docile and low-waged labour force. The British looked for cheap labour. This they found initially in China and then mostly in India. The British crafted a new legal system of forced

neg: Buccan, Queensland Buccan, Queensland Buccan is a locality of Logan City, Queensland, Australia. In the 2011 census, Buccan had a population of 1,575 people. Early European settlers in Buccan were James Williamson and his brother-in-law Mr A. Fraser who selected land south of Bethania in about 1863. They attempted to grow cotton but had problems with bollworm. However, sugar cane was successfully grown in the district. One of the largest sugar cane plantations in the area was on the land which is Newstead Park today (beside the Logan River). Dairying was also an important farm industry. Once part of the Shire of

neg: Filadelfia de Guanacaste in the district is the "Azucarera El Viejo, S.A.", a Costa Rican company with the annual production of some 50,000 tons of raw and refined sugar. It processes half a million tons of cane yearly, grown by over 500 farmers in the Tempisque basin. In addition to the sugar, the plant also produces animal-feed byproducts and electricity-generating biomass from the cane waste. The animal feed is used as nutritional supplements for cattle and other ruminants. Azucarera El Viejo also maintains a private wildlife reserve of 2000-plus hectares, protecting a large number of local flora and fauna typical of dry tropical

neg: Pacific Islander Hospital and Cemetery site (the Borough of Maryborough) in 1861. From April 1861, land on the Mary River was sold for agricultural purposes, and by the end of the 1860s thousands of free immigrants had entered Queensland through the Port of Maryborough. Supplying the Gympie goldfields from 1867 further boosted Maryborough's growth. Sugar cane was cultivated around Maryborough from the late 1860s. The first commercially viable sugar cane crop in Australia had been grown by Captain Louis Hope on his Ormiston House Estate at Ormiston, Queensland in 1862 and by 1864 he had established the first commercial sugar mill in Australia. Cultivated primarily on

neg: Sugarcane mill, the sugar crystals are separated from the molasses by centrifuging. Additional sugar is recovered by blending the remaining syrup with the washings from affination and again crystallizing to produce brown sugar. When no more sugar can be economically recovered, the final molasses still contains 20–30 percent sucrose and 15–25 percent glucose and fructose. To produce granulated sugar, in which individual grains do not clump, sugar must be dried, first by heating in a rotary dryer, and then by blowing cool air through it for several days. Ribbon cane is a subtropical type that was once widely grown in the

neg: St. Kitts Scenic Railway St. Kitts Scenic Railway St. Kitts Scenic Railway is an long narrow gauge railway line along the coastline of the island of St. Kitts in the eastern Caribbean, with a track gauge of . The original track was laid from 1912 to 1926, to deliver sugar cane from the plantations to the new centralised sugar mill in Basseterre. The sugar mill was built by a group of investors in 1912, to reduce processing costs and increase profitability by applying the principle of economies of scale, due to a sugar price drop caused by the worldwide introduction of sugar beets. Previously,

neg: De Leon Springs State Park Garden," where corn, cotton, and sugar cane were grown, using enslaved Africans to perform the work. Florida became a U.S. territory in 1821. The Woodruffs owned the plantation from 1823 to 1830, selling it to Colonel Orlando Rees, who built the only water-powered sugar mill in Florida. John James Audubon visited Spring Garden in January, 1836, where he first painted the limpkin. The plantation was destroyed by the Seminole Indians in December, 1835, at the beginning of the Second Seminole War and again in 1864 by the Union troops during the American Civil War. After the mill stopped operating in

neg: Ariyalur factory to establish the cement production in ariyalur. Sugar cane is grown as a major commercial crop. One private sugar factory near keelapalur is functioning in the district with a capacity of crushing 3000 Tonnes per day. One of the main crops in Ariyalur district is cashew. The pre-dominate soil in the district is red sanding with scattered Packers of black soil. This town consists mainly of glade soil. The soil in the district is best suited for raising dry crops. Rice also grown in some places. The municipality of Ariyalur was established as a second grade town panchayat from

neg: Auraiya in Asharh. During the ensuing month the field is carefully weeded and by the middle of Bhadon the plants usually attain a height of four feet and the ears begin to show. Among the Kharif cereals small pulses known as Moth, Urd and Moong, the small millet Mandua, and Hemp or Sanai were largely grown in the past, but new incentives in the field of agriculture have lowered their popularity and more valuable crops like paddy, maize and sugar-cane are gradually replacing them. In 1997-98 the production of pulses was 21977 metric tonnes and by sugar-cane was 80647 Metric tonnes.

neg: Caney Lakes Recreation Area Caney is the larger and more visited unit closer to the main entrance. The Sugar Cane National Recreation Trail, named for the sugar cane that once grew in the area, winds its way around Lower Caney. Cotton was also grown there. The lakes total 350 acres (150 hectares). Land for the lakes was acquired in 1934 and 1935 through the Great Depression-era Resettlement Administration. The site for the lakes was chosen in a low area that contained the three tributaries: Caney Creek (which crosses the Lewisville Road), Cow Creek, and Butler Creek. The dredging of the lakes was undertaken by

neg: Sugar candy been made where the sugar cane plant was domesticated. Sugar cane probably originated in Papua New Guinea, and from there was taken to Southeast Asia and other Pacific Islands, and ultimately to India and China. From India, sugar spread to the Arab states and eventually to Europe. Sugar candy is often used to sweeten tea. Northern Germany, specifically East Frisia, has an established tea culture, where a large crystal of sugar candy "(Kandiszucker" or in the regional dialect "Kluntje)" is placed at the bottom of the cup and the hot tea added, which cracks and dissolves the crystal. Similarly in

neg: Sugarloaf Sugarloaf A sugarloaf was the usual form in which refined sugar was produced and sold until the late 19th century, when granulated and cube sugars were introduced. A tall cone with a rounded top was the end-product of a process in which the dark molasses-rich raw sugar, which was imported from sugar cane growing regions such as the Caribbean and Brazil, was refined into white sugar. The earliest record to date appears to be 12th century in Jordan, though reference to a cone of sugar is found in al-Zubayr ibn Bakkar's 9th century Arabic "Al-Akhbar al-Muwaffaqiyyat." In Europe, they were

neg: Cyril Pemberton the economic crisis created by the Great Depression, but also by depredation of the cane itself by “white grubs” – various species of scarab beetles native to the lands upon which sugar cane had been planted on a larger and larger scale to meet increasing global demand in preceding decades. The cane toad, native originally to mainland Central America and northern South America, had been gradually introduced to all non-Francophone Caribbean islands since the early nineteenth century, and depredations of cane by white grubs had led the toad to be released in Puerto Rico in the 1920s. At the height

neg: Economy of Eswatini jobs for the people of Swaziland. The RSSC is composed of two main sugar mill producers, Mhlume and Simunye, which produce a combined 430,000 tons of cane per season. The second largest sugarcane company is Ubombo Sugar Limited which has grown from producing 5,600 tons in 1958 to approximately 230,000 tons of sugar annually. The third largest sugarcane producer is the Tambankulu Estate (largest independent sugar estate)and it produces 62,000 tons of sugar annually on 3,816 hectares of land. The largest export partners of Swaziland and the larger Southern African Development Community (SADC) is the European Union. The SADC is

neg: Economy of Queensland 81% of the state. Sugar cane is harvested in coastal areas from Far North Queensland to the southern border and is the state's biggest rural commodity. Queensland produces 94% of Australia's total raw sugar production. Customers in the Asia-Pacific region can be supplied all year round through the use of storage facilities at bulk port terminals. Most of the state's sugar crop is marketed through Queensland Sugar, which until 2006 compulsorily acquired all sugar grown in the state under a single desk arrangement. Cattle grazing for beef and sheep grazing for wool production are spread across inland areas. Wheat is