query: when was the death penalty abolished in uk

pos: Capital punishment in the United Kingdom Capital punishment in the United Kingdom Capital punishment in the United Kingdom was used from ancient times until the second half of the 20th century. The last executions in the United Kingdom were by hanging, and took place in 1964, prior to :capital punishment being abolished for murder (in 1965 in Great Britain and in 1973 in Northern Ireland). Although unused, the death penalty remained a legally defined punishment for certain offences such as treason until it was completely abolished in 1998. In 2004 the 13th Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights became binding on the United Kingdom,

pos: Harry Allen (executioner) keep away from the trapdoor!. Under the Murder (Abolition of Death Penalty) Act 1965, capital punishment in the UK for murder was suspended, before finally being abolished in 1969 (It was abolished in 1973 in Northern Ireland). Although the death penalty remained for other crimes such as treason and piracy with violence, no further executions took place in the UK, although a working gallows was kept in service and regularly tested at Wandsworth Prison until 1998. It was dismantled when the death penalty for treason and piracy was abolished by the Crime and Disorder Act 1998. Allen moved to Fleetwood

pos: Human Rights Act 1998 UK judges can grant any remedy that is considered just and appropriate. Many rights established under the Human Rights Act 1998 were already protected under UK law (such as freedom), but the purpose of the Act was largely to establish the European Convention on Human Rights in British law. Section 21(5) of the Act completely abolished the death penalty in the United Kingdom, effective on royal assent. The death penalty had already been abolished for all civilian offences, including murder (Murder (Abolition of Death Penalty) Act 1965) and treason (Crime and Disorder Act 1998), but remained in force for certain

pos: Capital punishment in Europe rights became a particular priority. The Kingdom of Italy had abolished the death penalty for civilians with the adoption of the Zanardelli Penal Code of 1889, but the Fascists had reintroduced it with the 1930 Penal Code. The European Convention on Human Rights was adopted in 1950, but some countries took many years to ratify it. The United Kingdom retained the death penalty for high treason until 1998; however, this technicality was superseded by the absolute ban on the death penalty in 1976. William Joyce was the last person to be put to death for high treason in the UK,

pos: Capital punishment in the United Kingdom espionage from "all spies for the enemy" to spies on naval ships or bases. Later, the Armed Forces Act 1981 abolished the death penalty for espionage. (The Official Secrets Act 1911 had created another offence of espionage which carried a maximum sentence of fourteen years.) Beheading was abolished as a method of execution for treason in 1973. Hanging, however, remained available until 1998 when, under a House of Lords amendment to the Crime and Disorder Act 1998, proposed by Lord Archer of Sandwell, the death penalty was abolished for treason and piracy with violence, replacing it with a discretionary maximum

pos: Mutiny suppress or report a mutiny were each punishable with death. Section 21(5) of the Human Rights Act 1998 completely abolished the death penalty in the United Kingdom. (Prior to this, the death penalty had already been abolished for murder, but it had remained in force for certain military offences and treason, although no executions had been carried out for several decades.) This provision was not required by the European Convention on Human Rights, since Protocol 6 of the Convention permitted the death penalty in time of war, and Protocol 13, which prohibits the death penalty for all circumstances, did not

pos: Piracy Act 1837 would today be treated as robbery, assault or attempted murder under the Territorial Waters Jurisdiction Act 1878, or as hijacking under the Aviation and Maritime Security Act 1990 (which can also be applied to piracy on the high seas). In 1998 the mandatory death penalty was abolished, and the sentence is now up to life imprisonment. Ireland abolished the death penalty for piracy in 1964.The Act remains in force. Piracy Act 1837 The Piracy Act 1837 (7 Will 4 & 1 Vict c 88) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It abolished the death penalty for

pos: Treason Act 1814 became simply hanging, which was the method of execution for murder. The original penalty for women was to be drawn to the place of execution and burned at the stake. Burning was abolished by the Treason Act 1790 in Great Britain and by the Treason by Women Act (Ireland) 1796 in Ireland. The 1814 Act also permitted the King to authorise the use of an alternative method, beheading, which was not abolished until 1973 (although obsolete long before then). The Act was amended by the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 when the death penalty was abolished and replaced with imprisonment

pos: Criminal Code of Azerbaijan imprisonment. The death penalty was legally abolished in Azerbaijan in 1998. Before the adoption of the Criminal Code in 1999, the Criminal Code of Azerbaijan USSR dated 8 December 1960 was in force. Article 22 of the Code of Azerbaijan USSR regulated the death penalty. The death penalty was abolished in February 10, 1998 by Law “On Amendments and Supplements to the Criminal, Criminal Procedure and Correctional Labor Code of the Republic of Azerbaijan concerning the abolition of the death penalty in the Republic of Azerbaijan.” Additionally, in January 22, 1998, Azerbaijan acceded to the Second Optional Protocol to the

pos: Capital punishment in Lithuania sentences. From March 1990 to December 1998, Lithuania executed seven men by shooting with a single firearm: When Lithuania declared independence in February 1918, it inherited the 1903 criminal code of the Russian Empire. The code provided for the death penalty only for crimes against the state (for example, conspiring to intervene with the imperial succession), but military law of war provided for death penalty by shooting or hanging for some 30 different crimes including banditry, robbery, rape, and premeditated murder. When Lithuania updated its statutes in January and February 1919, the duality remained: the death penalty was abolished in

pos: Transportation Act 1717 on exporting wool in violation of the acts of trade. Unrelated to transportation, section seven concerns the suppression of piracy. The death penalty for most kinds of piracy was abolished by the "Piracy Act" 1837, which preserved the death penalty for piracy with intent to kill. The death penalty for piracy was abolished altogether in 1998. The 1717 Act was repealed in 1993. Although the sentence of transportation with the royal prerogative of mercy had been granted as an alternative to a death sentence for a century, its usage was irregular and subject to abuse. Several sections of the Habeas

pos: Judgment of Death Act 1823 repealed in England and Wales by the Courts Act 1971, in the Republic of Ireland by the Statute Law Revision Act 1983 and repealed in 1980 in Northern Ireland. Since piracy with violence was still a capital crime, this had the (presumably unintended) effect of making the death penalty for that offence mandatory again, until the death penalty was totally abolished in 1998. Judgment of Death Act 1823 The Judgment of Death Act 1823 (sic) (c.48; repealed) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (although it did not apply to Scotland). Passed at a time when there

pos: Hanging hanging by the Ottoman court in Sofia in 1873. Every year since Bulgaria's liberation, thousands come with flowers on the date of his death, 19 February, to his monument where the gallows stood. The last execution was in 1989, and the death penalty was abolished for all crimes in 1998. Historically, hanging was the only method of execution used in Canada and was in use as possible punishment for all murders until 1961, when murders were reclassified into capital and non-capital offences. The death penalty was restricted to apply only for certain offences to the National Defence Act in 1976

pos: High treason in the United Kingdom 1967. The Treason Act 1795 made it treason to "compass, imagine, invent, devise or intend death or destruction, or any bodily harm tending to death or destruction, maim or wounding, imprisonment or restraint, of the person of ... the King." This was abolished in 1998, when the death penalty was also abolished. On 26 March 2015 the Succession to the Crown Act 2013 came into effect, which amended the line of succession to the throne to give women the same right to succeed to the throne as their brothers. In consequence of this, the Treason Act 1351 was amended in

pos: Capital punishment in Lithuania Capital punishment in Lithuania Capital punishment in Lithuania was ruled unconstitutional and abolished for all crimes in December 1998. Lithuania is a member of the European Union and the Council of Europe and has signed and ratified Protocol 13 of the European Convention on Human Rights on complete abolition of death penalty. From March 1990 to December 1998, Lithuania executed seven men. The last execution in the country occurred in July 1995, when Lithuanian mafia boss Boris Dekanidze was put to death. In the Lithuanian SSR, the criminal code provided for death penalty in 16 articles. After the declaration of

pos: Capital punishment in Greece officers were sentenced to death during the Greek Junta Trials, but these sentences were commuted to life imprisonment by the Karamanlis government. In 1997 Greece ratified the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty; however, a reservation was made allowing for death penalty use for the most serious crimes, i.e. high treason, committed during wartime. Protocol No. 6 to the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), providing for the abolition of the death penalty in peacetime, was ratified in 1998. Greece abolished the death penalty for all

neg: Capital punishment in Australia The poll showed a small majority of Australians (52.5%) favoured the death penalty for deadly terrorist acts in Australia while 47.5% didn’t. This was a significant increase from 2009 when only 23% of Australians supported the death penalty being imposed for convicted murderers. Capital punishment in Australia Capital punishment in Australia was a form of punishment in Australia that has been abolished in all jurisdictions. Queensland abolished the death penalty in 1922. Tasmania did the same in 1968, the federal government abolished the death penalty in 1973, with application also in the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory. Victoria

neg: Capital punishment by country conduct executions. The last execution elsewhere in the region was in Saint Kitts and Nevis in 2008. The countries in the Americas that most recently abolished the death penalty are Suriname (2015), Argentina (2009), and Bolivia (2009). Guatemala abolished the death penalty for civil cases in 2017. Executions in the Americas in 2017: United States (23). "Note: The tables can be sorted alphabetically or chronologically using the icon." Of the 44 independent countries in Asia that are UN member or observer states: The information above is accurate , when Mongolia abolished the death penalty, and does not include Taiwan, which

neg: Francis Joseph Huchet German occupying forces in Jersey during the Second World War). All further death sentences in Jersey were commuted to life imprisonment until 1986, when the death penalty was abolished. Capital punishment in the UK Francis Joseph Huchet Francis Joseph Huchet (1927 - 9 October 1959) was the last convicted criminal to be executed by hanging in the Channel Islands. He was 32 years old. He had he been sentenced to death on 10 September 1959 by the Deputy Bailiff of Jersey for the capital murder of John Perrée on the night of 30 March 1959, Easter Monday. John Perrée, a

neg: Capital punishment in Ireland to suspend it for an experimental period". When Seán Brady asked in February 1963, minister Charles Haughey announced "that the death penalty for murder generally will be abolished but it will be retained for certain specific types of murder." In 1984 Haughey said, "Very shortly after becoming minister for justice, I went up to Mountjoy to see the condemned cell and I was so revolted by the whole atmosphere that I resolved to do away with the death penalty." The Criminal Justice Act 1964 abolished the death penalty for piracy, some military crimes, and most murders. It continued to be

neg: Bloody Code execution in the UK took place in 1964, and the death penalty was legally abolished in the following years: Bloody Code "Bloody Code" is a term used to refer to the system of crimes and punishments in England in the 18th and early 19th centuries. It was not referred to as such in its own time, but the name was given later owing to the sharply increased number of people given the death penalty, even for crimes considered minor by today's society. In 1688 there were 50 offences on the statute book punishable by death, but that number had almost

neg: Capital punishment in the United States abolished the death penalty for murder during the 19th century: Michigan (which has never executed a prisoner since achieving statehood) in 1846, Wisconsin in 1853 and Maine in 1887. Rhode Island is also a state with a long abolitionist background, having repealed the death penalty in 1852, though it was theoretically available for murder committed by a prisoner between 1872 and 1984. Other states which abolished the death penalty for murder before "Gregg v. Georgia" include: Minnesota in 1911, Vermont in 1964, Iowa and West Virginia in 1965 and North Dakota in 1973. Hawaii abolished the death penalty in 1948

neg: Capital punishment in the United Kingdom offenders, starting a process of reform that continued over the next 50 years. The death penalty was mandatory (although it was frequently commuted by the government) until the Judgement of Death Act 1823 gave judges the power to commute the death penalty except for treason and murder. The Punishment of Death, etc. Act 1832 reduced the number of capital crimes by two-thirds. In 1832, the death penalty was abolished for theft, counterfeiting, and forgery except for the forgery of wills and certain powers of attorney. Gibbeting was abolished in 1832 and hanging in chains was abolished in 1834. In 1837,

neg: Capital punishment in Singapore Bloomberg, a former Mayor of New York City, said that the United States could learn a thing or two from nations like Singapore when it came to drug trafficking, noting that "executing a handful of people saves thousands and thousands of lives." The last execution in New York took place in 1963. Several courts have ruled that the death penalty violates the New York Constitution (see "People v. LaValle"). In 2007, the state of New York abolished the death penalty. 20 states, plus Washington D.C., have abolished the death penalty, with the most recent being Washington state in 2018. However,

neg: Capital punishment in Australia Capital punishment in Australia Capital punishment in Australia was a form of punishment in Australia that has been abolished in all jurisdictions. Queensland abolished the death penalty in 1922. Tasmania did the same in 1968, the federal government abolished the death penalty in 1973, with application also in the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory. Victoria did so in 1975, South Australia in 1976, and Western Australia in 1984. New South Wales abolished the death penalty for murder in 1955, and for all crimes in 1985. In 2010, the federal government passed legislation prohibiting the re-establishment of capital punishment

neg: Hanging hanged. Hanging was continued in post-war Germany in the British and US Occupation Zones under their jurisdiction, and for Nazi war criminals, until well after (western) Germany itself had abolished the death penalty by the German constitution as adopted in 1949. West Berlin was not subject to the "Grundgesetz" (Basic Law) and abolished the death penalty in 1951. The German Democratic Republic abolished the death penalty in 1987. The last execution ordered by a West German court was carried out by guillotine in Moabit prison in 1949. The last hanging in Germany was the one ordered of several war criminals

neg: Felony murder and the death penalty in the United States someone to death who had acted "recklessly" would. Brennan also faulted the Court for ignoring the states that had abolished the death penalty altogether when counting the states that authorized the death penalty for felony murder. "It is critical to examine not simply those jurisdictions that authorize the death penalty in a given circumstance, but those that actually "impose" it." None of the 65 executions that had taken place after "Enmund" were carried out on a felony murderer who had not killed or intended to kill (as determined by a jury). Felony murder and the death penalty in the United

neg: Capital punishment in Gibraltar completely abolished on 8 November 1965, in line with British practice. However, death sentences were last passed in Gibraltar in 1952. In 2001, Gibraltar still retained capital punishment for Treason and piracy. However, capital punishment was abolished in 2002, when the death penalty was outlawed under all circumstances in all the British Overseas Territories. Capital punishment in Gibraltar Capital punishment in Gibraltar included public execution in the nineteenth century until 1864. The last sentence of death was passed in 1952. Under British law, capital punishment was almost abolished in 1965, in line with British practice. It was entirely abolished in

neg: Death Penalty Focus to the serious and complex problem of violent crime. By diverting attention and financial resources away from preventative measures that would actually increase personal safety, the death penalty causes more violence in society. DPF is convinced that when the public is informed about the inherent racism, injustice, and the true human and financial cost associated with the death penalty, the United States will join the growing community of nations throughout the world who have already abolished capital punishment. Death Penalty Focus Founded in 1988, Death Penalty Focus is a non-profit organization dedicated to the abolition of capital punishment through grassroots

neg: John Gordon (Rhode Island) both trial judges and the court of final appeal. Included in jury instructions, Durfee "told the jurors to give greater weight to Yankee witnesses than Irish witnesses." Seven years after Gordon's execution, Rhode Island abolished the death penalty. Although it was reintroduced in 1872, no executions took place before capital punishment was abolished again by the state in 1984. In the 1990s, when the Rhode Island General Assembly considered reinstating the death penalty, Gordon's case has been used by those against reinstatement to demonstrate the dangers of capital punishment. Rhode Island Governor Lincoln Chafee pardoned Gordon on June 29, 2011,

neg: Capital punishment was first written down by Draco in about 621 BC: the death penalty was applied for a particularly wide range of crimes, though Solon later repealed Draco's code and published new laws, retaining only Draco's homicide statutes. The word draconian derives from Draco's laws. The Romans also used death penalty for a wide range of offences. Although many are executed in the People's Republic of China each year in the present day, there was a time in the Tang dynasty (618–907) when the death penalty was abolished. This was in the year 747, enacted by Emperor Xuanzong of Tang (r.

neg: Capital punishment states, the EU has also banned detainee transfers in cases where the receiving party may seek the death penalty. Sub-Saharan African countries that have recently abolished the death penalty include Burundi, which abolished the death penalty for all crimes in 2009, and Gabon which did the same in 2010. On 5 July 2012, Benin became part of the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), which prohibits the use of the death penalty. The newly created South Sudan is among the 111 UN member states that supported the resolution passed by the United Nations

neg: Capital punishment in Italy of Tuscany as of November 30, 1786, under the reign of Pietro Leopoldo, who later became Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor. So Tuscany was the first modern European state in the world to do away with torture and capital punishment. However, the death penalty was sanctioned in the codes of law of all the other pre-unitarian states, therefore when the Kingdom of Italy was proclaimed in 1860, legislation was divided, since the death penalty was legal in all of Italy except for Tuscany. Afterwards, the death penalty was definitively abolished in the Penal Code in 1889 with the almost unanimous

neg: Capital punishment by country Chile, it can only be used for crimes committed in wartime. In Africa, there are several countries that use the death penalty. Chad abolished the death penalty in 2014, but reintroduced it for acts of terrorism in 2015. Botswana, Egypt, Somalia, Sudan, South Sudan and Nigeria are examples of countries that still execute people. Most recently, Burkina Faso repealed the death penalty in 2018. In 2018, The Gambia announced a moratorium as a first step toward abolition. In the Caribbean countries, the death penalty exists at least "de jure", except in the Dominican Republic and Haiti, which abolished it in

neg: Capital punishment in Greece crimes in 2004. In 2005, Greece ratified the Protocol No. 13 to the ECHR, concerning the abolition of the death penalty under all circumstances. The Golden Dawn party called in 2013 for the restoration of the death penalty for immigrants convicted of violent crimes. Capital punishment in Greece Capital punishment in modern Greece was carried out using the guillotine (until 1913) or by firing squad. It was last applied in 1972, and the death penalty was abolished in stages between 1975 and 2005. Executions during the Greek War of Independence were carried out by firing squad, although when the monarchy

neg: Murder of Megan Kanka in the course of certain specific felonies. The court sentenced Timmendequas to death, and the sentence was upheld by the New Jersey Supreme Court on appeal. Congressman Dick Zimmer stated, "I believe he is exactly the kind of predator that the legislature had in mind when it enacted the death penalty." Timmendequas remained on New Jersey's Death Row until December 17, 2007, when the New Jersey Legislature abolished the state's death penalty. As a result of the ban, Timmendequas' sentence was commuted to life in prison without the possibility of parole. One month after the murder, the New Jersey General

neg: Last use of capital punishment in Spain speculation that up to 27 more prisoners could face the death penalty. Ultimately, these predictions proved ill-founded. Franco fell ill in late October 1975 and never recovered, dying on 20 November 1975. His death resulted in the de facto abolition of the death penalty, as no further executions took place. Capital punishment was abolished for all civil crimes by the Spanish Constitution of 1978, with sanctioned military executions in war time the sole exceptions. In 1995, the Spanish parliament abolished the death penalty in all circumstances. The families of those executed continued to seek the overturning of the sentences and

neg: Cheshire, Connecticut, home invasion murders January 27, 2012. In August 2015, the Connecticut Supreme Court, in defiance of the State Legislature which had abolished the death penalty only for future cases, ruled that the death penalty was unconstitutional, and commuted all death sentences to life-in-prison, even if that sentencing took place prior to the date that the death penalty was abolished. Late in the afternoon of Sunday, July 22, 2007, 48-year-old Jennifer Hawke-Petit and her 11-year-old daughter Michaela Petit went to a local grocery store in Cheshire, Connecticut. They picked up food for Jennifer's pre-birthday meal that Michaela planned to prepare for her. During their

neg: Historical murders and executions in Stockholm on 23 November 1910, convicted robber and murderer Alfred Ander was executed by guillotine at Långholmen Prison. This was the last execution to take place in Swedish history, and the first and last time a guillotine was used. The death penalty was officially abolished in 1921 for crime during times of peace. The death penalty for crimes during war-time, however, would not be abolished until 1972. It is worth noting that crime did not increase following the abolition of death penalty. Three main categories of murder were dominant in Sweden throughout the 20th century. The first category involved unprovoked killings

neg: Capital punishment in the United Kingdom the death penalty for forging wills and powers of attorney was abolished. The death penalty for rape was abolished in 1841. In 1861, several acts of Parliament (24 & 25 Vict; c. 94 to c. 100) further reduced the number of civilian capital crimes to five: murder, treason, espionage, arson in royal dockyards, and piracy with violence; there were other offences under military law. The death penalty remained mandatory for treason and murder unless commuted by the monarch. The Royal Commission on Capital Punishment 1864–66 concluded (with dissenting Commissioners) that there was not a case for abolition but recommended an

neg: Capital punishment capital execution in his land. In 2000, Tuscany's regional authorities instituted an annual holiday on 30 November to commemorate the event. The event is commemorated on this day by 300 cities around the world celebrating Cities for Life Day. The Roman Republic banned capital punishment in 1849. Venezuela followed suit and abolished the death penalty in 1863 and San Marino did so in 1865. The last execution in San Marino had taken place in 1468. In Portugal, after legislative proposals in 1852 and 1863, the death penalty was abolished in 1867. The last execution of the death penalty in Brazil

neg: Capital punishment 1764. In this book, Beccaria aimed to demonstrate not only the injustice, but even the futility from the point of view of social welfare, of torture and the death penalty. Influenced by the book, Grand Duke Leopold II of Habsburg, the future Emperor of Austria, abolished the death penalty in the then-independent Grand Duchy of Tuscany, the first permanent abolition in modern times. On 30 November 1786, after having "de facto" blocked executions (the last was in 1769), Leopold promulgated the reform of the penal code that abolished the death penalty and ordered the destruction of all the instruments for

neg: Capital punishment in Washington (state) Capital punishment in Washington (state) Capital punishment in the state of Washington was abolished on October 11, 2018 when the state Supreme Court ruled it was unconstitutional as applied. When the prosecution sought the death penalty, the sentence was decided by the jury and had to be unanimous. In case of a hung jury during the penalty phase of the trial, a life sentence would be issued, even if a single juror opposed death (there is no retrial). The governor had the power of clemency with respect to death sentences. The following are considered circumstances for aggravated first degree murder:

neg: Pat Brown penalty while serving as district attorney, as attorney general, and when first elected governor, he later became an opponent of it. During the Chessman case, Brown proposed that the death penalty be abolished, but the proposal failed. His Republican successor, Ronald Reagan, was a firm death penalty supporter and oversaw the last execution in California in 1967, prior to the US Supreme Court ruling that it was unconstitutional in "Furman v. Georgia" (1972). Brown's decision to seek a third term as governor, violating an earlier promise not to do so, hurt his popularity. His sagging popularity was evidenced by a

neg: Andrew Urdiales encouraged by defender Stephen Richards, changed his tactics, pleading guilty but claiming that he was mentally ill. Presiding Judge Harold Frobish nonetheless re-sentenced Urdiales to death on May 10, 2004. This death sentence was commuted to life in prison in March 2011 when Governor Pat Quinn signed into law legislation that abolished the death penalty in Illinois. At this time, Urdiales was incarcerated in the Menard Correctional Center in Chester, Illinois. On May 23, 2018, Urdiales was convicted in the murders of five Southern California women. Wednesday, June 13, 2018, a jury recommended the death penalty for Urdiales. The jury

neg: Capital punishment in New York state level, though certain crimes that fall under the jurisdiction of the federal government are subject to the federal death penalty. During various periods from the 1600s onward, New York law prescribed the death penalty for crimes such as sodomy, adultery, counterfeiting, perjury, and attempted rape or murder by slaves. In 1796, New York abolished the death penalty for crimes other than murder and treason, but arson was made a capital crime in 1808. In 1860, the New York Legislature passed a bill which effectively, though unintentionally, abolished capital punishment in the state, by repealing hanging as a method of

neg: Life imprisonment in Turkey Life imprisonment in Turkey Life imprisonment in Turkey is a legal form of punishment and the most severe form of punishment. In most cases life imprisonment replaced capital punishment. Law 4771 of 3 August 2002 abolished the death penalty for peace time and replaced capital punishment with life imprisonment for 17 provisions of the Turkish Penal Code. Law 5218 of 14 July 2004 abolished the death penalty completely. This law provided that in some 40 provisions of the Turkish Penal Code and other laws such as the Law on Forests the death penalty was replaced by aggravated life imprisonment (tr:

neg: Murder (Abolition of Death Penalty) Act 1965 Murder (Abolition of Death Penalty) Act 1965 The Murder (Abolition of Death Penalty) Act 1965 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It abolished the death penalty for murder in Great Britain (the death penalty for murder survived in Northern Ireland until 1973). The Act replaced the penalty of death with a mandatory sentence of imprisonment for life. The Act was introduced to Parliament as a private member's bill by Sydney Silverman MP. The Act provides that charges of capital murder at the time it was passed were to be treated as charges of simple murder and

neg: Constitution of Belgium his or her property except when it's in the public interest, in the cases and the manner the law prescribes, and that fair and prior compensation must be made. Article 17 of the Constitution stipulates that the penalty of forfeiture of (all) assets cannot be instituted. Article 18 further stipulates that the penalty of civil death is abolished, and that it cannot be brought back into force. Civil death was a penalty in Belgium in the Ancien Régime. Articles 19 to 21 guarantee the freedom of religion. Article 19 protects the freedom of religion and the right to exercise it

neg: Capital punishment in Illinois Capital punishment in Illinois Capital punishment was a legal form of punishment in the U.S. state of Illinois until 2011, when it was abolished. Initially, Illinois used death by hanging as a form of execution. The last person executed by this method was the public execution of Charles Birger. In 1928, the electric chair was substituted for death by hanging. After being struck down by "Furman v. Georgia" in 1972, the death penalty was reinstated in Illinois on July 1, 1974 but voided by the Supreme Court of Illinois in 1975. Illinois officially reinstated the death penalty on July 1,

neg: Capital punishment in Australia Frederick Thompson was hanged for the murder of eight-year-old Evelyn Maughan. The death penalty was abolished in 1968. No executions were carried out in the Australian Capital Territory, where federal legislation abolished capital punishment in 1973. There were nine executions between 1893 and 1952. Seven of them took place at Fannie Bay Gaol, the other two at regional locations close to where the crime took place. The last execution in the Northern Territory was a double hanging at Fannie Bay Gaol on 8 August 1952. The death penalty was abolished in 1973. In Australia capital punishment was banned on a

neg: Murder (Abolition of Death Penalty) Act 1965 by the Human Rights Act and the Crime and Disorder Act. However the last executions in the United Kingdom were in 1964, for murder. (In force version may be out of date; see warning on site). Murder (Abolition of Death Penalty) Act 1965 The Murder (Abolition of Death Penalty) Act 1965 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It abolished the death penalty for murder in Great Britain (the death penalty for murder survived in Northern Ireland until 1973). The Act replaced the penalty of death with a mandatory sentence of imprisonment for life. The Act was

neg: Capital punishment in Illinois the death penalty during the 2010 gubernatorial campaign after which he defeated the Republican candidate with 46.8% of the vote. In 2018, Governor Bruce Rauner made calls for the death penalty to be imposed on convicted cop killers. Capital punishment in Illinois Capital punishment was a legal form of punishment in the U.S. state of Illinois until 2011, when it was abolished. Initially, Illinois used death by hanging as a form of execution. The last person executed by this method was the public execution of Charles Birger. In 1928, the electric chair was substituted for death by hanging. After being

neg: Capital punishment in Sweden for a non-fatal assault was on 29 March 1837, when Anders Gustaf Lindberg was beheaded in Stockholm. Between 1800 and 1866, 644 executions were carried out in Sweden, the second highest per-capita number in Europe after Spain. In 1864, when the Penal Code was reformed, and the use of capital punishment was severely restricted, rather than abolished (as had been proposed), and hanging was abolished. In the following years (from 1866) up until the abolishment of the death penalty in 1921, fifteen people were executed (out of about 120 sentenced). The only crime that after 1864 carried a mandatory death

neg: Murder in German law cases. In 1949, the death penalty was abolished by the "Grundgesetz" in West Germany. In East Germany the death penalty was abolished in 1987. After the 1950s it was very rarely used. Murder in German law Under the German penal code, Strafgesetzbuch, there are two sections relating to murder: For "Mord" the penalty is lifelong imprisonment - although usually suspended after 17–18 years. The current form of § 211 StGB was created in the year 1941. Before that the differentiation between Mord (murder) and Totschlag (killing) was, that Mord was killing "with consideration" ("mit Überlegung" and Totschlag without (StGB 1871-1941).

neg: Cheshire, Connecticut, home invasion murders terrible sentence, but is, in truth, a sentence you wrote for yourself in flames. May God have mercy on your soul." The judge also gave Hayes an official execution date of May 27, 2011; Blue said that this date was a formality, because if Hayes appealed his case, his execution could be delayed for decades. His death sentence became a life sentence in August 2015 when the state abolished the death penalty. Komisarjevsky was found guilty on October 13, 2011. On December 9, 2011, the jury recommended the death penalty. On January 27, 2012, Komisarjevsky was sentenced to death by

neg: Northern Ireland (Emergency Provisions) Act 1973 Northern Ireland (Emergency Provisions) Act 1973 The Northern Ireland (Emergency Provisions) Act 1973 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which abolished the death penalty for murder in Northern Ireland, and established the Diplock courts in which terrorist offences were tried by a judge without a jury. It has mostly been repealed, the anti-terrorism provisions having been superseded by subsequent legislation. The death penalty had not been used in Northern Ireland since 1961, when Robert McGladdery was hanged. The Act banned membership under penalty of law in the following organisations: The subsequent Elected Authorities (Northern Ireland) Act

neg: Northern Ireland (Emergency Provisions) Act 1973 1989 would require oaths renouncing these organisations. Northern Ireland (Emergency Provisions) Act 1973 The Northern Ireland (Emergency Provisions) Act 1973 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which abolished the death penalty for murder in Northern Ireland, and established the Diplock courts in which terrorist offences were tried by a judge without a jury. It has mostly been repealed, the anti-terrorism provisions having been superseded by subsequent legislation. The death penalty had not been used in Northern Ireland since 1961, when Robert McGladdery was hanged. The Act banned membership under penalty of law in the following organisations:

neg: Capital punishment in Norway Although Progress Party politicians like Ulf Erik Knudsen and Jan Blomseth have expressed support for the death penalty for egregious cases of rape and murder, the party's policy is opposed to the death penalty. An opinion poll taken after the 2011 Norway attacks showed that the opposition to the death penalty remained firmly entrenched, with 16 percent supporting and 68 percent opposed. Capital punishment in Norway Capital punishment in Norway () has been constitutionally prohibited since 2014. Before that, it had been fully abolished in 1979, and earlier, from 1905 the penal code had abolished capital punishment in peacetime. In

neg: Capital punishment in North Dakota the last person executed in North Dakota. In 1915, the death penalty was abolished for ordinary murder, commuting the death sentence of Joe Milo, who was convicted of double murder in course of a robbery. It remained for treason and murder committed by an inmate already serving a life sentence, however, nobody was executed for these offenses until the death penalty was finally abolished in 1973. No federal executions have ever taken place in North Dakota. On February 8, 2007, Alfonso Rodriguez, Jr. was sentenced to death for the kidnapping and murder of Dru Sjodin and is now the only

neg: Capital punishment Japan, and most Islamic states. The United States is the only Western country to still use the death penalty. Since World War II, there has been a trend toward abolishing the death penalty. 58 countries retain the death penalty in active use, 102 countries have abolished capital punishment altogether, six have done so for all offences except under special circumstances, and 32 more have abolished it in practice because they have not used it for at least 10 years and are believed to have a policy or established practice against carrying out executions. According to Amnesty International, 23 countries are

neg: Pardon of Justice and after receiving the opinion (not the consent necessarily) of the Pardon Committee. Prior to the Transfer of the sovereignty in 1997, the power of pardon was a royal prerogative of mercy of the monarch of the United Kingdom. This was used and cited the most often in cases of inmates who had been given the death penalty: from 1965 to 1993 (when the death penalty was formally abolished) death sentences were automatically commuted to life imprisonment under the Royal Prerogative. Since the Transfer, the Chief Executive of Hong Kong now exercises the power to grant pardons and

neg: Capital punishment in the United States 2018, Washington state became the 20th state to abolish capital punishment when its state Supreme Court deemed the death penalty unconstitutional on the grounds of racial bias. Since "Furman", 11 states have organized popular votes dealing with the death penalty through the initiative and referendum process. All resulted in a vote for reinstating it, rejecting its abolition, expanding its application field, specifying in the state constitution that it is not unconstitutional, or expediting the appeal process in capital cases. 20 states, plus the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico have abolished the death penalty for all crimes. Below is a

neg: Capital punishment in Europe Belarus still practices capital punishment in some form or another. In 2012, Latvia became the last EU Member State to abolish capital punishment in wartime. As of 2017, in Europe, the death penalty for peacetime crimes has been abolished in all countries except Belarus, while the death penalty for wartime crimes has been abolished in all countries except Belarus and Kazakhstan. (Kazakhstan is a country situated partly in Europe and partly in Asia). In Russia the death penalty has been indefinitely suspended (under moratorium), therefore is uncommon but not unheard of. Except for Belarus, which carried out two executions in

neg: Capital punishment in Pakistan the ICCPR does not expressly prohibit capital punishment, the Human Rights Committee said its drafting ‘strongly suggests the abolition is desirable’. Despite the lack of such a mandatory requirement, the movement towards abolishing the death penalty worldwide has been increasing rapidly in the last sixty years, particularly since the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights. At the beginning of the 20th century, only Costa Rica, San Marino and Venezuela had permanently abolished the death penalty. At the current time, 133 countries have abolished the death penalty in law or in practice. The United Nations Economic and Social Council published the

neg: Capital punishment in China 2010 among 197 nations worldwide, 96 nations had completely abolished the death penalty, 9 had abolished the death penalty for ordinary crimes, and 34 were abolitionist in practice, meaning that they have not executed anyone for at least 10 years and have generally settled on the policy to not sentence any executions. The last wave of international death penalty abolition has been influenced by the process of democratization and has inspired constitutions that protect the right to live. China has ratified more than 200 international covenants in recent decades and has taken on international responsibilities like respecting the right to

neg: Capital punishment in Mongolia Capital punishment in Mongolia Capital punishment has been abolished in Mongolia since 2016, following a previous eight-year moratorium. At the time of abolition, there were five crimes liable to the death penalty: "terrorist acts committed for political purposes; terrorist acts against representatives of a foreign State for political purposes; sabotage; premeditated murder committed with aggravating circumstances; and rape with aggravating circumstances". Only men aged 18–60 at the time of the crime could be executed; women were not subject to the death penalty. The government has since abolished the death penalty for all crimes. According to Amnesty International, Mongolia, like China,

neg: Capital punishment by country 1970s, and a further 10 in the 1980s. After the end of the Cold War, many more countries followed. 35 countries abolished capital punishment in the 1990s, with 9 in 1990 alone, and a further 23 in the 2000s. 11 countries have abolished so far in the 2010s. Since 1985, there have been only 6 years when no country has abolished the death penalty: 1988, 2001, 2003, 2011, 2013 and 2014. Note: Where a country has abolished, re-instated, and abolished again (e.g. Philippines, Switzerland, Portugal) only the later abolition date is included. Countries who have abolished and since reinstated (e.g.

neg: Canadian Coalition Against the Death Penalty Canadian Coalition Against the Death Penalty The Canadian Coalition Against the Death Penalty (CCADP) is a not-for-profit organization which was co-founded by Tracy Lamourie and Dave Parkinson of the Greater Toronto Area. The couple formed the CCADP, not only to speak out against the use of capital punishment around the world, but also in the hopes of educating and encouraging fellow Canadians to speak out against the occasional calls for a renewal of the death penalty within their own country (Canada abolished the death penalty in 1976) in addition to urging the Canadian government to ensure fair trials and appeals,

neg: Capital punishment in France sentenced to death and awaiting execution took place in 1959 when, after De Gaulle's inauguration, all sentences were commuted (amnesty is not an executive clemency, rather it is an Act of Parliament). The first official debate on the death penalty in France took place on 30 May 1791, with the presentation of a bill aimed at abolishing it. The advocate was Louis-Michel Lepeletier of Saint-Fargeau and the bill was supported by Maximilien de Robespierre. However, the National Constituent Assembly, on 6 October 1791, refused to abolish the death penalty. On 26 October 1795, the National Convention abolished capital punishment, but

neg: Cheshire, Connecticut, home invasion murders 2011, and on October 13, 2011, he was convicted on all 17 counts. On December 9, 2011, the jury recommended the death penalty. On January 27, 2012, Judge Jon Blue sentenced Komisarjevsky to death by lethal injection. His sentence also became an automatic life sentence when Connecticut abolished the death penalty in 2015. As of August 16, 2016, both Hayes and Komisarjevsky were transferred to separate prison facilities in Pennsylvania to serve their sentences. According to Connecticut state prison officials, the transfer was done as part of an interstate corrections compact due to reasons pertaining to safety and security. The

neg: Historical murders and executions in Stockholm while Brita was sentenced to death. In order to combat the issue, Gustav III passed the Infanticide Act in 1778, a law which allowed unmarried mothers to give birth anonymously. Nurses were now prohibited from asking for the name of the father. The idea was to prevent infanticide by letting the woman travel to another town and give birth there instead of having to state her name. Under the law, the death penalty was abolished for unintentional infanticide. The death penalty was abolished for certain crimes during the reign of Gustav III, and pardons were more frequently issued. During the

neg: United Nations moratorium on the death penalty death penalty, in particular the minimum standards, as set out in the annexe to Economic and Social Council resolution 1984/50 of 25 May 1984; (b) Provide the Secretary-General with information relating to the use of Capital Punishment and the observance of the safeguards guaranteeing the protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty; (c) Progressively restrict the use of the death penalty and reduce the number of offences for which it may be imposed; (d) Establish a moratorium on executions with a view to abolishing the death penalty; 3. "Calls upon" States which have abolished the death penalty

neg: Reprieve (organisation) was officially abolished in the UK (although having not been exercised since 1964), by human rights lawyer Clive Stafford Smith. Smith has represented over 300 prisoners facing the death penalty in the southern United States and has helped secure the release of 65 Guantánamo Bay prisoners as well as others across the world detained in places such as Bagram Theatre Internment Facility, Afghanistan, who claim to have been tortured by the United States government. Reprieve currently works to represent 15 prisoners in Guantánamo Bay, as well as an evolving caseload of death row clients around the world. It investigates international

neg: Capital punishment in Ireland death penalty for "particularly heinous crimes". Capital punishment in Ireland Capital punishment in the Republic of Ireland was abolished in statute law in 1990, having been abolished in 1964 for most offences including ordinary murder. The last to be executed was Michael Manning, hanged for murder in 1954. All subsequent death sentences, the last handed down in 1985, were commuted by the President, on the advice of the Government, to terms of imprisonment of up to 40 years. The Twenty-first Amendment of the constitution, passed by referendum in 2001, prohibits the reintroduction of the death penalty, even during a state

neg: Capital punishment in Mongolia his prerogative of pardon to prevent the application of the death penalty. On January 14, 2010, he announced that he would henceforth use his prerogative to pardon all persons sentenced to death. He stated that most countries in the world had abolished the death penalty, and that Mongolia should follow their example; he suggested that it be replaced with a 30-year prison sentence. The decision was controversial; when Elbegdorj announced it in Parliament, a significant number of represesentatives chose not to give the applause customarily due after a presidential speech. "Le Monde", however, noted that President Elbegdorj "may find it

neg: Charles Spear Later in life he began to criticize the death penalty. In 1830 he fought against the death penalty, the harsh treatment of prisoners, the conditions of jails, and struggled for a change from the prevailing philosophy of vindication to rehabilitation. Through Spear's efforts, prison conditions improved significantly, the death penalty was abolished in three states and imposed less often in others. Charles Spear died in April 13, 1863 and held funeral services in Washington D.C. Charles Spear Charles Spear (May 1, 1803 – April 13, 1863) was a Universalist minister who advocated for the abolishment of the death penalty, supported

neg: Capital punishment in Australia Lindy Chamberlain was convicted of murdering her baby Azaria in 1982, although it was subsequently shown that she was not guilty. This miscarriage of justice has been used as a powerful example of the risks of the death penalty. However, no person of significant stature or influence has advocated the death penalty for quite some time since the last execution in 1967. The death penalty was completely abolished in Australia with the "Crimes Legislation Amendment (Torture Prohibition and Death Penalty Abolition) Bill 2009" passing the Australian Senate without amendments in March 2010. In 2009 a public opinion survey was conducted

neg: Capital punishment in Hong Kong Capital punishment in Hong Kong Capital punishment in Hong Kong was formally abolished in 1993 by the repeal the Corporal Punishment Ordinance. Before then, capital punishment was the usual sentence given since the establishment of the Crown Colony of Hong Kong for offences such as murder, kidnapping ending in death, and piracy. The last execution in Hong Kong was carried out on 16 November 1966 when Wong Kai-Kei, age 26, was hanged at Stanley Prison. Following this, the death penalty was suspended. One of the reasons was that the United Kingdom also de facto abolished capital punishment the following year.

neg: Human rights in the Isle of Man complies with the Convention, a declaration of incompatibility can be made. This is a sign to Tynwald that the law should be changed, but there is no obligation for Tynwald to do so. If Tynwald do not amend the law, then the applicant can take their case to the ECHR. Under pressure from the UK government, and to meet ECHR requirements, the death penalty was abolished in 1993 on the Isle of Man; however the last execution had not taken place since 1872. The Isle of Man was the last place in the British Isles to formally abolish the death

neg: Capital punishment in the United Kingdom Callaghan, proposed a motion to make the Act permanent, which was carried in the Commons on 16 December 1969, and a similar motion was carried in the Lords on 18 December. The death penalty for murder was abolished in Northern Ireland on 25 July 1973 under the Northern Ireland (Emergency Provisions) Act 1973. Following the abolition of the death penalty for murder, the House of Commons held a vote during each subsequent parliament until 1997 to restore the death penalty. This motion was always defeated, but the death penalty remained for other crimes until the dates mentioned below: However, no

neg: Jimmy Carter Carter urged "prohibition of the death penalty". He has continued to speak out against the death penalty in the US and abroad. In a letter to the Governor of New Mexico, Bill Richardson, Carter urged the governor to sign a bill to eliminate the death penalty and institute life in prison without parole instead. New Mexico abolished the death penalty in 2009. Carter wrote: "As you know, the United States is one of the few countries, along with nations such as Saudi Arabia, China, and Cuba, which still carry out the death penalty despite the ongoing tragedy of wrongful conviction

neg: Capital punishment in Guatemala death were commuted to life in prison. There are currently no inmates on death row in Guatemala. Guatemala voted in favor of the UN Moratorium on the Death Penalty in 2007, 2010, 2012, 2014, and 2016. The country abstained from voting in 2008. In 2017, Guatemala abolished the death penalty for civil crimes. Currently, the death penalty can only be applied in times of war. The current President of Guatemala, Jimmy Morales, supports the death penalty.<br> Capital punishment in Guatemala Capital punishment is a legal penalty in Guatemala, and is carried out by lethal injection and, to a lesser extent,

neg: Capital punishment by country wartime. Russia retains the death penalty in law, but there is a moratorium. The last execution on Russian territory was in Chechnya in 1999. Of the other former Soviet republics, only Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Tajikistan have not formally abolished capital punishment, and only Belarus uses it in practice. In Kazakhstan, it may only be used in exceptional/special circumstances such as for crimes committed in wartime, and only one individual is on death row. Nearly all countries in this region have abolished the death penalty as a form of punishment, and the two countries that still have it in law (Papua

neg: United Nations moratorium on the death penalty death penalty to establish a moratorium on the use of the death penalty with a view to abolition, and in the meantime, to restrict the number of offences which it punishes and to respect the rights of those on death row. It also calls on States that have abolished the death penalty not to reintroduce it. Like all General Assembly resolutions, it is not binding on any state. On 18 December 2007, the United Nations General Assembly voted 104 to 54 in favour of resolution A/RES/62/149, which proclaims a global moratorium on the death penalty, with 29 abstentions (as well

neg: Capital punishment in Japan of different punishments for different crimes, including the death penalty. However, beginning in the Nara period, cruel punishments and the death penalty were used less and less, probably as a result of the influence of Buddhist teachings, and the death penalty was abolished completely in the Heian period. The death penalty was not used for the next 300 years, until the Genpei War. During the following Kamakura period, capital punishment was widely used and methods of execution became increasingly cruel, and included burning, boiling and crucifixion, among many others. During the Muromachi period, even harsher methods of execution came into

neg: Capital punishment in Turkey Committee before being voted on by parliament as a whole. This decision had to be ratified by the President, who had the power to commute death sentences on grounds of age or ill-health. By Law 4771 of 9 August 2002 (the 3rd Package for Harmonization with the European Union) the death penalty was abolished for peace time offences. Law 5218 of 14 July 2004 abolished the death penalty for all times. Turkey ratified Protocol No. 13 to the European Convention on Human Rights, overseen by the Council of Europe, in February 2006. After the failed 2016 coup d'état, some politicians

neg: Capital punishment support for the death penalty remains high. Some countries have resumed practising the death penalty after having previously suspended the practice for long periods. The United States suspended executions in 1972 but resumed them in 1976; there was no execution in India between 1995 and 2004; and Sri Lanka declared an end to its moratorium on the death penalty on 20 November 2004, although it has not yet performed any further executions. The Philippines re-introduced the death penalty in 1993 after abolishing it in 1987, but again abolished it in 2006. The United States and Japan are the only developed

neg: Sara R. Ehrmann vote for life instead of execution when a person was convicted for first-degree murder. At the time, the death penalty was the mandatory ruling, so this ruling was called "the mercy law," and was her foot in the door toward absolute reform. Ehrmann in an interview with The Boston Globe: I had a firm conviction that it is unnecessary and wrong to take lives in punishment for crime. It is a great source of evil in the community. In 1972, the death penalty was abolished due to a Supreme Court ruling. However, just four years later, the same ruling was

neg: Capital punishment in New Zealand Labour cabinet in November 1989 with the passage of the "Abolition of the Death Penalty Act 1989", and there were no further executions during the interim period. Passage of the "Abolition of the Death Penalty Act" ended all capital punishment in New Zealand. The Cook Islands, which based its statutes on New Zealand law, formally retained the death penalty for treason until it was abolished in 2007. The death penalty was never used in the Cook Islands. Occasional calls to reinstate capital punishment still occur, but no major political party has made capital punishment an element of any of their

neg: Capital punishment in Australia death penalty. A recent case involving this was the case of American Gabe Watson, who was convicted of the manslaughter of his wife in North Queensland, and faced capital murder charges in his home state of Alabama. His deportation was delayed until the government received assurances that he would not be executed if found guilty. The last execution in New South Wales was carried out on 24 August 1939, when John Trevor Kelly was hanged at Sydney's Long Bay Correctional Centre for the murder of Marjorie Constance Sommarlad. New South Wales abolished the death penalty for murder in 1955, but

neg: William Williams (murderer) for over 14 minutes, until Williams finally died of strangulation. Williams's attorney, James Cormican, stated that execution is "a disgrace to civilisation". Williams's botched execution was used by opponents of the death penalty in Minnesota to argue that capital punishment should be abolished in the state. Minnesota eventually abolished the death penalty in 1911, and since then it has never been reinstated. William Williams (murderer) William Williams (1877 – 13 February 1906) was a British miner who was the last person executed by the state of Minnesota in the United States. In 1905, Williams murdered John Keller and Keller's mother

neg: Capital punishment debate in the United States the Oregon Council to Abolish the Death Penalty, and the national Committee to Abolish the Federal Death Penalty. In addition to growing organizations, the movement also profited from growing European abolishment of the death penalty and from the controversial executions of Barbara Graham and Caryl Chessman. Success mounted in the late 1950s as Alaska, Hawaii, and Delaware abolished capital punishment. Oregon and Iowa followed their leads in the 1960s. Many other states added laws that restricted the use of the death penalty except in cases of extreme serious offenses. Abolitionists began to strongly challenge the constitutionality of the death penalty

neg: United Nations moratorium on the death penalty with information in this regard; "(b)" To make available relevant information with regard to their use of the death penalty, which can contribute to possible informed and transparent national debates; "(c)" To progressively restrict the use of the death penalty and to reduce the number of offences for which it may be imposed; "(d)" To establish a moratorium on executions with a view to abolishing the death penalty; 4. "Calls upon" States which have abolished the death penalty not to reintroduce it, and encourages them to share their experience in this regard; 5. "Requests" the Secretary-General to report to the

neg: Capital punishment in Malaysia the working group's report, several nations commented on the fact that Malaysia still has the death penalty and suggested that the death penalty be abolished or that a moratorium on the death penalty be recognised. Some of the nations that recommended this included Spain, Switzerland, Argentina, Belgium, Costa Rica and Kazakhstan. Malaysia responded with a statement that they would keep their options open and continue to engage the public on this subject. They would also look into alternatives to the death penalty. Malaysia pledged that it would complete its review on the moratorium of the death penalty with the intent

neg: Capital punishment in Sri Lanka a gun (such as kidnapping, extortion, human trafficking, assault on a public servant) can also result in the death penalty. However, due to significant opposition to the move no executions have been carried out. The death penalty has a long history in Sri Lanka. The British restricted the death penalty after they took control of the island in 1815 to the crimes of murder and "waging war against the King." After independence, then Prime Minister S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike abolished capital punishment in 1956. However, it was quickly reintroduced after his assassination in 1959. Opposition to the death penalty

neg: Capital punishment in Wisconsin Capital punishment in Wisconsin Capital punishment in Wisconsin was abolished in 1853. Wisconsin was one of the earliest United States states to abolish the death penalty, and is the only state that has performed only one execution in its history. Since its admission to the Union in 1848, as the 30th State, the only execution carried out in Wisconsin was that of immigrant farmer John McCaffary, who was hanged on August 21, 1851 in Kenosha County for drowning his wife in a backyard cistern. Wisconsin abolished the death penalty in 1853, just two years after McCaffary's execution becoming just the

neg: Capital punishment in Suriname Capital punishment in Suriname Capital punishment was abolished in Suriname in 2015. The last execution took place in 1982. By signing the Treaty of San José in 1987, the death penalty had already been abolished "de facto". Since Suriname was a Dutch colony until 1975, it followed Dutch law, which did not permit capital punishment. From independence in 1975 to 1980, capital punishment was on the books, but no crimes committed were considered severe enough to warrant prosecution for it. From 1980 to 1987, during the period of military dictatorship, the death penalty was used by the military government in

neg: Human rights in Australia as Prime Minister, Quentin Bryce as Governor General of Australia and Elizabeth II as Queen of Australia. The last use of the death penalty in Australia was in Victoria in 1967. Ronald Joseph Ryan was hanged at Pentridge Prison on 3 February 1967 for the murder of a prison guard, George Hodson. However, Australian criminologist, Gordon Hawkins, director of Sydney University's Institute of Criminology, doubts that Ryan was guilty. Capital punishment was officially abolished for federal offences by the "Death Penalty Abolition Act 1973". The various states abolished capital punishment at various times, starting with Queensland in 1922 and ending

neg: Capital punishment in Mexico Capital punishment in Mexico Capital punishment in Mexico was officially abolished on 15 March 2005, having not been used in civil cases since 1937, and in military cases since 1961. Mexico is the world's most populous country to have completely abolished the death penalty. There is significant history of abolitionism in Mexico, dating back to the 19th century. Following the Plan of Ayutla, the 1857 constitution was drafted, which specifically outlawed the death penalty for political crimes, and allowed abolition for ordinary crimes in the future. Mexico's government at that time was quite unstable, and the express abolition of political

neg: Arson in royal dockyards Royal Dockyards in view of the damage he had caused. A crowd of 20,000 gathered to witness the hanging. The death penalty for murder was abolished in 1969, leaving the provisions of the Dockyards etc. Protection Act 1772 as one of the few crimes that retained the death penalty. In 1970, the Law Commission proposed that the crime of arson in royal dockyards be abolished in its draft Criminal Damage Bill as part of an update of the law on criminal damage. The reasoning was that the law was no longer required for its original purposes, as warships were no