query: when did the first olive trees come to the new world

pos: Olive of the wealth of the Minoan civilization. Olives are not native to the Americas. Spanish colonists brought the olive to the New World, where its cultivation prospered in present-day Peru and Chile. The first seedlings from Spain were planted in Lima by Antonio de Rivera in 1560. Olive tree cultivation quickly spread along the valleys of South America's dry Pacific coast where the climate was similar to the Mediterranean. Spanish missionaries established the tree in the 18th century in California. It was first cultivated at Mission San Diego de Alcalá in 1769 or later around 1795. Orchards were started at

neg: Olive Trees (Van Gogh series) paints. Of "Olive Trees in a Mountainous Landscape" in the collection of the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), Vincent wrote his brother Theo: "I did a landscape with olive trees and also a new study of a starry sky," calling this painting the daylight complement to the nocturnal, "The Starry Night". His intention was to go beyond "the photographic and silly perfection of some painters" to an intensity born of color and linear rhythms. Within the painting, twisted green olive trees stand before the foothills of the Alps and underneath the sky with an "ectoplasmic" cloud. Later, when the pictures

neg: Gandria accessible only by boat or on foot. The historically protected center of the village of Gandria, which is also not accessible by car, attracts visitors from all over the world. Whilst roads now reach the outskirts of the village, many of these visitors arrive by boat services on the lake. It is also possible to walk from Lugano to Gandria to Lugano via a footpath, now branded the "Olive path", which passes plantations of olive trees and offers views of the Lake of Lugano. The first lasting human traces on the immediate area around Gandria come from the iron-age people

neg: Olive stems, are carefully excised and planted under the soil surface, where they soon form a vigorous shoot. The olive is also sometimes grown from seed. To facilitate germination, the oily pericarp is first softened by slight rotting, or soaked in hot water or in an alkaline solution. In situations where extreme cold has damaged or killed the olive tree, the rootstock can survive and produce new shoots which in turn become new trees. In this way, olive trees can regenerate themselves. In Tuscany in 1985, a very severe frost destroyed many productive, and aged, olive trees and ruined many farmers'

neg: Mission olive of the mission. The original trees suffered after the secularization of the missions, though pioneers cultivated new trees from their cuttings, leading to the distinct Mission cultivar. Though researchers at the University of Córdoba presumed the Mission olive to be of Spanish origin, they were unable to establish its relationship with any of 700 Spanish cultivars. Recent DNA testing in California suggests the Mission olive could be related to Picholine Marocaine, a Moroccan cultivar. Spanish settlers likely brought what would become the Mission trees to Mexico first. Mission olive The Mission olive is a cultivar of olive developed in California,

neg: Olive other missions, but in 1838, an inspection found only two olive orchards in California. Cultivation for oil gradually became a highly successful commercial venture from the 1860s onward. In Japan, the first successful planting of olive trees happened in 1908 on Shodo Island, which became the cradle of olive cultivation. An estimated 865 million olive trees are in the world today (as of 2005), and the vast majority of these are found in Mediterranean countries, with traditionally marginal areas accounting for no more than 25% of olive-planted area and 10% of oil production. Olive oil has long been considered sacred.

neg: Olive Trees (Van Gogh series) better. Our nature is sorrowful, but for those who have learnt and are learning to look at Jesus Christ, there will always be reason to rejoice. It is a good word, that of St. Paul: as being sorrowful yet also rejoicing. In his letters, van Gogh specified two groupings: three paintings made in June 1889 and five completed by late November 1889. There was also a painting in September, three olive picker paintings in December and a few others. Van Gogh made several drawings of olive trees when, as a precautionary safety measure, he did not have access to his

neg: Lassen Street Olive Trees (Chatsworth, California) Lassen Street Olive Trees (Chatsworth, California) The Lassen Street Olive Trees, also known as 76 Mature Olive Trees, are a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument located in the Chatsworth community of the northwestern San Fernando Valley, in Los Angeles, Southern California. An avenue ("alleé") of Olive trees ("Olea europaea") were planted in 1890 along a then dirt road by N. A. Grey, who owned property there. They are believed to have been grown from cuttings taken from the Spanish Colonial c. 1800 planted olive orchard trees at the Mission San Fernando Rey de España across the Valley. When the site was

neg: Camden Park Estate productivity of the farm by introducing vine cuttings, olive trees and various seeds and agricultural implements purchased overseas. However an olive tree at the Macarthurs' Elizabeth Farm, Parramatta, dates from and the first olive trees presented to Sydney's Royal Botanic Gardens as a gift of the Macarthurs in 1816 predate the Camden Park olive trees. By 1819 a new cottage had been built at Belgenny, possibly designed by Henry Kitchen, and Macarthur was dividing his time between Camden, Elizabeth Farm and Hambledon Cottage at Parramatta. The following decade was prosperous for the family with their wool receiving record prices and

neg: Olive Trees (Van Gogh series) Olive Trees (Van Gogh series) Vincent van Gogh painted at least 15 paintings of olive trees, mostly in Saint-Rémy-de-Provence in 1889. At his own request, he lived at an asylum there from May 1889 through May 1890 painting the gardens of the asylum and, when he had permission to venture outside its walls, nearby olive trees, cypresses and wheat fields. One painting, "Olive Trees in a Mountainous Landscape", was a complement to "The Starry Night". The olive tree paintings had special significance for van Gogh. A group in May 1889 represented life, the divine and the cycle of life while

neg: Sisters Olive Trees of Noah Sisters Olive Trees of Noah The Sisters or The Sisters Olive Trees of Noah are a grove of sixteen olive trees in the Lebanese town of Bcheale. According to local folklore, the trees are at least 5,000 years old, perhaps 6,000 years old or older. If this is correct, they may be the oldest non-clonal living trees in the world, as the oldest definitely-established age for a living tree is 5,064 years (as of 2014), for a Great Basin Bristlecone Pine in California. The age of any of The Sisters has not been determined by dendrochronology (tree-ring dating), and possibly

neg: Mission olive since the days of the Spanish missions. In 1992, the Mission cultivar represented just over eight percent of California's overall olive acreage. Mission olives were dominant until 1875, when Andalusian immigrants introduced the Manzanilla cultivar; subsequent introductions further reduced the percentage of Mission trees in California. After Manzanilla and Sevillana, however, it remains one of the more common cultivars in the state. The Oroville district in Butte County is a major Mission producer. Olive trees were first brought to California by the Franciscan mission of San Diego de Alcalá; olive production likely began in earnest within the first two decades

neg: The Bible and humor of the Trees" (Judges 9). Abimelech maneuvered to have himself proclaimed king in Shechem, but Jotham believed he was unfit to rule and the people foolish to accept him. Jotham contrives a satire. "The trees went forth to anoint a king over them. They said to the olive tree, 'reign over us.' But the olive tree answered, ‘Should I give up my oil, by which both gods and humans are honored, to hold sway over the trees?’ Next, the trees said to the fig tree, ‘Come and be our king.’ But the fig tree replied, ‘Should I give up my

neg: Olive Sloane Olive Sloane Olive Sloane (16 December 1896 - 28 June 1963) was an English actress whose film career spanned over 40 years from the silent era through to her death. Sloane's career trajectory was unusual in that for most of her professional life she was essentially an anonymous bit part actress, and her best, most substantial roles did not come until relatively late in her career when she was in her 50s. Her most famous film appearance is the 1950 production "Seven Days to Noon". Born in London in 1896, Sloane's first screen credit came in a 1921 silent film

neg: Saudi Arabia of merit from The Guinness World Records for the largest modern olive plantation in the world. The farm covers 7730 hectares and has 5 million olive trees. The Guinness World Records also took into consideration their production capacity of 15000 tonnes of high quality of olive oil, while the kingdom consumes double that. The Al Jouf farms are located in Sakaka, a city in the north-western part of Saudi Arabia, which is a deeply-rooted in history. Sakaka dates back more than 4,000 years. The Al Jouf region has millions of olive trees and the expected number is expected to go

neg: Picual Picual The Picual, also known as Marteña or Lopereña, is an olive cultivar from Spain. Picual olives are the most commonly grown olive today for olive oil production, with production centered in the Spanish province of Jaén. Picual trees are estimated to account for 25% of all olive oil production in the world. Naturally, this varietal is very high in oil content, at 20-27% by weight. Virgin olive oil from Picual olives have high levels of polyphenols (an organic compound which is known to have antioxidant effects), typically between 300 and 700ppm. Many Picual groves are primarily harvested when ripe

neg: Agriculture in ancient Greece in the period, but results have not been conclusive. It did not take long for demand to outpace production capabilities, as arable land was limited. The "tightness" of the land ( / "stenokhôría") also explains Greek colonization, and the importance Anatolian cleruchies would have for the Athenian empire in controlling grain provision. On the other hand, the Greek land was well suited for olive trees, which provided olive oil. The growing of olive trees dates back to early Greek history. Olive plantations are a long-term investment: it takes more than twenty years for the tree to provide fruit, and it

neg: Olive oil operate groves of a million trees or more and produce oils for the general market. 11% of Australian production is exported, mostly to Asia. In North America, Italian and Spanish olive oils are the best-known, and top-quality extra virgin olive oil from Italy, Spain, Portugal and Greece are sold at high prices, often in prestige packaging. A large part of U.S. olive oil imports come from Italy, Spain, and Turkey. The United States produces olive oil in California, Hawaii, Texas, Georgia, and Oregon. Olive oil is an important cooking oil in countries surrounding the Mediterranean, and it forms one of

neg: Olive and Hurley Old School Baptist Church the world and upholds, and governs, all things, and did when the fullness time was come, took upon him man's nature with all essential properties and common infirmities thereof, yet without sin, who is the alone mediator between God and man, the prophet, priest, and king head and Saviour of his church the heir of all things, and Judge of the world unto whom God the Father did from all eternity give a people to be by him in time redeemed, called, justified, and glorified: We believe that the eternal covenant transaction that was between the Father and the Son

neg: Greek food products of wine. Greek food products Greece produces many food products. Greece is the world's third ranked producer of olive oil, producing more than 430,000 tons of olive oil annually, more than 75% of that extra virgin. Greek olive oil is exported throughout the world. Olive oil plays an important role in the Greek diet, being the basis of many dishes. Honey in Greece is mainly flower-honey from the nectar of fruit and citrus trees (lemon, orange, bigarade trees), thyme honey, and pine honey from conifer trees. Mastic is grown on the Aegean island of Chios. Greece is a heavy producer

neg: Greek food products Greek food products Greece produces many food products. Greece is the world's third ranked producer of olive oil, producing more than 430,000 tons of olive oil annually, more than 75% of that extra virgin. Greek olive oil is exported throughout the world. Olive oil plays an important role in the Greek diet, being the basis of many dishes. Honey in Greece is mainly flower-honey from the nectar of fruit and citrus trees (lemon, orange, bigarade trees), thyme honey, and pine honey from conifer trees. Mastic is grown on the Aegean island of Chios. Greece is a heavy producer and consumer

neg: Olive production in Palestine olives more than doubled from the 1920s to the 1940s. After the occupation of Palestine, Israeli forces targeted olive trees as a primary form of land acquisition and began to uproot Palestinian olive trees in 1967, with an estimated 830,000 olive trees uprooted between 1967 and 2009. The olive harvest was the primary source of income for Palestinians during the first Intifada and was so essential for the Palestinian communities that public institutions, universities, and public schools closed for the olive season so as many people as possible could help with the harvest. In 2014, UNESCO designated Battir as a

neg: Olive oil Extra virgin olive oil is required to have no more than 0.8% free acidity and is considered to have favorable flavor characteristics. The olive tree is native to the Mediterranean basin; wild olives were collected by Neolithic peoples as early as the 8th millennium BC. The wild olive tree originated in Asia Minor or in ancient Greece. It is not clear when and where olive trees were first domesticated: in Asia Minor, in the Levant, or somewhere in the Mesopotamian part of the Fertile Crescent. Archaeological evidence shows that olives were turned into olive oil by 6000 BC and 4500

neg: Olive Trees (Van Gogh series) and soup. His only apparent form of treatment were two-hour baths twice a week. During his year there, van Gogh had periodic attacks, possibly due to a form of epilepsy. By early 1890, when the attacks worsened, he concluded that his stay at the asylum was not helping him to recover, which led him to move to Auvers-sur-Oise just north of Paris in May 1890. Painting the countryside, the surrounding fields, cypress trees and olive trees restored van Gogh's connection to nature through art. He completed at least 15 paintings in 1889 of "venerable, gnarled olive trees," pervasive throughout southern

neg: Sylmar, Los Angeles San Fernando Road. By March 1898 about 200,000 trees had been planted, and by 1906 the property had become the largest olive grove in the world. One source stated in 1981 that it was the "Fusano family" who built a headquarters building for the olive association on Roxford and San Fernando in 1902 and that the first packing plant was built in 1909. The trees began bearing fruit in 1912. The first groves were planted with Mission, Nevadillo Blanco and Manzanillo olives. Some Sevillano and Ascolano varieties were planted for extra-large fruit. During the picking season in the early 1900s,

neg: Vincent van Gogh six or seven months of the year 1889, he has also created at least fifteen paintings of olive trees, a subject which he considered as demanding and compelling. Among these works are "Olive Trees with the Alpilles in the Background" (1889), about which in a letter to his brother Van Gogh wrote, "At last I have a landscape with olives".While in Saint-Rémy, Van Gogh spent time outside the asylum, where he painted trees in the olive groves. In these works natural life is rendered as gnarled and arthritic as if a personification of the natural world, which are, according to

neg: Olive century AD), although identifying progenitor trees in ancient sources is difficult. Several other trees of about 1,000 years old are within the same garden. The 15th-century trees of Olivo della Linza, at Alliste in the Province of Lecce in Apulia on the Italian mainland, were noted by Bishop Ludovico de Pennis during his pastoral visit to the Diocese of Nardò-Gallipoli in 1452. The town of Bshaale, Lebanon claims to have the oldest olive trees in the world (4000 BC for the oldest), but no scientific study supports these claims. Other trees in the towns of Amioun appear to be at

neg: Mejba Revolt and typhus combined; this new scourge caused such ravages that there were two hundred new victims each day in the town of Sousse alone. Already, when there was only famine to contend with, Europeans did not dare leave their houses, for fear of encountering people wandering in the street, emaciated, whom despair might push to commit some awful crime. In the countryside, caravans were stopped and pillaged. The admirable soil of the Sahel itself was not spared: owners cut down their olive trees, their future fortune, to sell as firewood, rather than pay the endless taxes which were laid upon

neg: Olive Trees (Van Gogh series) the intense blue of the sky to symbolize the "divine and infinite presence" of Jesus. Seeking a "modern artistic language" to represent the divine, he sought a numinous quality in many of his olive tree paintings, such as by bathing olive trees, an emblem for Jesus, in "radiant gold light". Van Gogh used the Impressionist concept of broken color to give light to a work, innovatively drawing in color, giving the painting light and form, as he also did in his paintings of plowed fields, mountains, rocks, and heads and figures. The series is unified by a more refined approach,

neg: Moreno Gardens Moreno gardens, when visiting the villa one can still see the same olive tree painted by Claude Monet in "Study of olive trees" and the same view painted in "View of Ventimiglia". The tree heritage of Bordighera was truly exceptional, in 1869 Gerolamo Molinari in his book "Cenni storici sulla Bordighera, suo territorio e clima" ("A brief history of Bordighera, its territory and its climate") estimated it at more than 100,000 plants including olive, citrus and palm trees. He wrote that only counting lemon and orange trees there were some 36,000 trees without counting the other citrus fruits. It is

neg: Through the Olive Trees Through the Olive Trees Through the Olive Trees ( "Zīr-e Derakhtān-e Zeytūn", actually meaning "Under the Olive Trees") is a 1994 film directed and written by Iranian director Abbas Kiarostami, set in earthquake-ravaged Northern Iran. The film was selected as the Iranian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 67th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee. It is the final part of Kiarostami's Koker trilogy, and the plot revolves around the production of the second film; "And Life Goes On...", which itself was a revisitation of the first film - "Where Is the Friend's Home?".

neg: Lassen Street Olive Trees (Chatsworth, California) designated a Historic-Cultural Monument in 1967, there were 76 olive trees along several blocks of western of Lassen Street. According to the Chatsworth Daughters of the American Revolution chapter, there are 49 trees surviving/remaining in the 2010s. Lassen Street Olive Trees (Chatsworth, California) The Lassen Street Olive Trees, also known as 76 Mature Olive Trees, are a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument located in the Chatsworth community of the northwestern San Fernando Valley, in Los Angeles, Southern California. An avenue ("alleé") of Olive trees ("Olea europaea") were planted in 1890 along a then dirt road by N. A. Grey, who owned

neg: Settler of the land which the olive trees grow on then the natives no longer have access to those olive trees and their livelihood is compromised. Many are met with violence when they try to get the things they need from the land. The reasons for the emigration of settlers vary, but often they include the following factors and incentives: the desire to start a new and better life in a foreign land, personal financial hardship, social, cultural, ethnic, or religious persecution (e.g. the Pilgrims and Mormons), political oppression, and government incentive policies aimed at encouraging foreign settlement. The colony concerned

neg: Sisters Olive Trees of Noah cannot be due to deterioration of the inner tree ring structures over time. Folk legend also ascribes The Sisters as the source of the olive branch returned to Noah's Ark at the waning of the Biblical Flood. The trees still produce olives, and a preservation effort was undertaken by the non-profit organization Sisters Olive Oil, which marketed oil from these olives. Sisters Olive Trees of Noah The Sisters or The Sisters Olive Trees of Noah are a grove of sixteen olive trees in the Lebanese town of Bcheale. According to local folklore, the trees are at least 5,000 years old,

neg: Through the Olive Trees and celebrated. In the 2012 "Sight & Sound" poll, six critics and four directors ranked "Through the Olive Trees" one of the 10 greatest films ever made. Miramax Films had also acquired the United States distribution rights to "Through the Olive Trees" and the film was given a limited US theatrical release in 1995. However, Miramax Films hasn't released this movie on DVD yet. Through the Olive Trees Through the Olive Trees ( "Zīr-e Derakhtān-e Zeytūn", actually meaning "Under the Olive Trees") is a 1994 film directed and written by Iranian director Abbas Kiarostami, set in earthquake-ravaged Northern Iran. The

neg: Olive ibis is affected by hunting and habitat destruction through deforestation. Secondary threats probably include predation by forest birds and mammals such as the olive baboon "Papio anubis" and yellow baboon "P. cynocephalus". However, the extent of all threats is unknown because the population of this ibis is largely undocumented. When disturbed, the olive ibis makes no sound as it flies away and hides itself in thickly leaved trees. This ibis has reportedly never been kept in captivity, nor have live specimens ever been imported into Europe. However, numerous non-living specimens have been kept in museums around the world; such as in

neg: Sovena Group Compal (fruit juices, beverages, tomato products and canned vegetables) and Nutricafés (coffee products) businesses. The new consolidated Sovena Group was created in 2008. By this time intensive olive groves with a high density planting, usually 500 to 750 trees per acre, modern irrigation systems, namely drop by drop, and also more rational fertilization were set up by the company in several locations across the world, mainly in Portugal, Spain, Morocco and Tunisia. Sovena is currently present worldwide. The company has four different inter-related business areas that cover the olive oil, table olive, vegetable oil and also soap value chain. Its

neg: Phil Coturri designed by Stanley Mouse. In 1979, Coturri co-founded Coturri Winery with brother, Tony and their father, Harry. Today, Tony is the winemaker. They produce small lot natural wines using estate grapes on Sonoma Mountain. They produce primarily red wines. Coturri also co-produces an olive oil which is made with fruit from organic Italian olive trees planted on Coturri's home property. Coturri, alongside Lorenzo Petroni and Robert Cannard, imported thousands of trees. They were some of the first people in California to import and plant olive trees from Italy. Coturri and his wife, Arden Kremer, produce the olive oil, producing approximately

neg: The Story of Spanish Barlow explain how the Castilian King Alfonso X improved the reputation of the language and was the first to recognize that “vernacular languages needed rules.” And how Arabic heavily influenced Spanish during Spain’s centuries under Muslim rule. Numerous Spanish words, including words like "aceite" (olive oil), "azul" (blue) and "azúcar" (sugar) come from Arabic. And how when the Spanish explored the New World they lacked the words to describe all the new things they encountered and adopted many terms from native languages such "aguacate" (avocado) and "xitomatl" that became "tomate" (tomato). The book ends by demonstrating just how much Spanish

neg: Brisbane Showgrounds plants and seeds sent from other parts of Queensland, other colonies and around the world, and raising various introduced animals. The Society played an important role in the beginnings of commercial agriculture in Queensland, introducing or trialling crops and plants such as mango trees, ginger plants, sugar cane, olive trees and choko vines. Queensland's 1876 Intercolonial Exhibition was not the first competitive demonstration of agricultural and industrial progress in the colony. In 1854, squatters from the Darling Downs and Moreton Bay districts of New South Wales established the Northern Districts' Agricultural and Pastoral Association, modelled on the Scottish Highland Agricultural

neg: Olive Trees (Van Gogh series) one, indicates an emotional bond and interdependence between nature and people. Another painting was made of olive pickers, this time a couple. Kröller-Müller Museum's "Olive Grove with Two Olive Pickers" (F587) was painted December, 1889. Van Gogh made four paintings in May and June 1889. The first, "Couple Walking among Olive Trees in a Mountainous Landscape with Crescent Moon" (F704) is located at the Museu de Arte de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Van Gogh identified three olive tree paintings made in June, the second month of his stay at the asylum. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art's "Olive Orchard" (F715)

neg: Gulf Islands olives to grow comfortably and properly, but Pender Island, Saturna Island, and Salt Spring Island have a Mediterranean style climate that permits olive production. Farm owner Andrew Butt has been recognized as the first person to plant olive trees in the region; he planted his first olive tree in 2001 at his farm on Pender Island, using Frantoio and Leccino cultivars that he obtained from California. He uses kelp obtained from the surrounding straits as fertilizer and uses a pruning method that enhances the sunlight exposure on the trees. Michael Pierce and colleagues established an olive tree nursery on Saturna

neg: Olive Trees (Van Gogh series) "Olive Trees" (F714) likely expresses Van Gogh's agitated state of mind when he completed this work, dramatic impact evidenced both through his brushstrokes and color use. Contrasting with his June olives with their blue-green color and coolness of tone, the vibrant oranges and yellows in "Olive Trees with Yellow Sky and Sun" (F710) evoke the fall season. Novelist Warren Keith Wright visited this painting at the Minneapolis Institute of Art over a 15-year period, transfixed by the painting, but unsure why. He came to realize that the fascination was that the painting represented two periods of time. The late-afternoon sun

neg: Psakoudia trees. In ancient times, there was the city of Sermyli, or Sermyle, in the area, an ally of Athens, which was destroyed by Philip II of Macedon. As a seaport it was used in the past, like Yerakini, for small bulkers to freight raw magnesite of a small concession owned by Skalistiris in eastern Trikorfo mountain area. As Psakoudia is a part of Ormylia most of its residents come from there, who own the olive groves in the north and are involved in olive farming for green table olives and olive oil. However, the principal occupation of the residents is

neg: Villa Mariani soles of oranges, tangerines, lemons and of course numerous olive trees, many of which are between 200 and 400 years. Near La Specola there are two olive trees which, according to the State Forestry Department, are older than 500 years. All the olive trees in the garden of the villa belong to the taggiasca variety, which has a very slow growth. It is impressive to note that you can still recognize the olive trees painted by Claude Monet in his painting "Study of olive trees", now in a private collection. Spots used by Monet are marked with panels in which

neg: Olive trees in the Lecce province, Salento, Southern Italy causing the olive quick decline syndrome (OQDS). The main vector is "Philaenus spumarius" (meadow spittlebug). A pest which spreads through olive trees is the black scale bug, a small black scale insect that resembles a small black spot. They attach themselves firmly to olive trees and reduce the quality of the fruit; their main predators are wasps. The curculio beetle eats the edges of leaves, leaving sawtooth damage. Rabbits eat the bark of olive trees and can do considerable damage, especially to young trees. If the bark is removed around the entire

neg: Moree, New South Wales at Moree in 1951 and the first commercial pecan nut farm was established on the Gwydir Highway east of Moree in 1966. The Trawalla Pecan Nut Farm is the largest pecan nut farm in the southern hemisphere, growing about 75,000 trees. In 1994 the Gwydir Olive Grove Company was established when two Moree families started producing olive oil from olives grown in the area.<ref name="Tourism Moree, Moree,2007/2008">Tourism Moree, Moree,2007/2008</ref> Moree was one of the destinations of the famous 1965 Freedom Bus ride, an historic trip through northern NSW led by Charles Perkins to bring media attention to discrimination against indigenous

neg: Museo dell'olivo e dell'olio network of museums in Umbria. The itinerary is made up of 11 rooms, dealing with different aspects of oil and olive trees. It begins with scientific information on olive trees: its botanic features and traditional and innovative systems of olive-growing. A millstone with animal traction and a huge millstone with hydraulic traction show, together with pictures and didactic panels, the long evolution in oil extraction techniques. Mythology related to olive oil is then dealt with. Great attention is paid to the goddess Athena who, according to Greek mythology, offered mankind the first domesticated olive tree. Masterpiece of this section is

neg: Mission olive Mission olive The Mission olive is a cultivar of olive developed in California, by Spanish missions along El Camino Real in the late 18th century. The Mission olive has been included in the Ark of Taste, an international catalog of endangered heritage foods maintained by the Slow Food movement. It is also the only American olive cultivar listed by the International Olive Council in its World Catalogue of Olive Varieties. Although developed in the United States, Mission olives are also used by South African olive oil producers. Mission trees can reach heights of . They produce small fruit, typically of

neg: Olive fruit fly to California, Baja California, and Sonora. The olive fruit fly was first detected in North America infesting olive fruits on landscape trees in Los Angeles County in November 1998. It can now be found throughout the state of California. In the final years of the XVIII century, Italian scientist Giuseppe Maria Giovene (1753-1837), in his work "Avviso per la distruzione dei vermi che attaccano la polpa delle olive" (1792), provided some suggestions for the peasants, in order to effectively destroy the fly "musca oleae", which infested the pulp of the olive trees. This species is associated with plants of the

neg: Bidni steps. After olive pips were collected from the ancient Bidni olive grove of Bidnija, these were then sowed at the Government of Malta’s Experimental Farm in Għammieri and left to germinate for use as rootstock. Once the rootstocks were viable, cuttings were then taken from the millennia-old Bidni olive trees and carefully grafted to the rootstocks. The Maltese use their olive oil quite generously. In 2012, they ranked 8th in the world in per capita olive oil consumption. Since the island's history is interwoven with olive oil production, this statistic comes as no surprise. With olive oil processing equipment dating

neg: Silwan orchard in al-Rababa valley, in Silwan, south of the Old City of Jerusalem" which included the destruction of three olive trees that were over 300 years old. In a 2011 New York Times article, these attacks were called "price tag" attacks. Similar destruction of olive trees occurred in Jabal Jales (an area near Hebron) and in Huwara. The United Nations reported that by 2013, 11,000 olive trees owned by Palestinians in the occupied West Bank had been damaged or destroyed. Washington Post, October 2014: Silwan Silwan (, ) is a predominantly Palestinian neighborhood on the outskirts of the Old City

neg: Israeli occupation of the West Bank 11,514 date palms, 12,000 banana trees and 30,282 grapevines were uprooted. Olive oil production dropped 80% that year as a result. In the 15-month period from the outbreak, down to December 2001, the total damage was calculated ast 155,343 olive trees, 150,356 citrus trees, 54, 223 almond trees, 12,505 date palm trees, 39,227 grape vines, 18,400 banana trees, and 49,851 other varieties of tree. From September 2000 to December 2002, Israeli forces destroyed 14,196 forest trees. In the first two years, taking in the damage wrought by Israel in both the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, according to Cheryl

neg: Olive very olive tree of Athena still grew on the Acropolis; it was still to be seen there in the second century AD; and when Pausanias was shown it, c. 170 AD, he reported "Legend also says that when the Persians fired Athens the olive was burnt down, but on the very day it was burnt it grew again to the height of two cubits." Indeed, olive suckers sprout readily from the stump, and the great age of some existing olive trees shows that it was perfectly possible that the olive tree of the Acropolis dated to the Bronze Age. The

neg: Mishpatim the commandment that they "go out to the mountains and bring leafy branches of olive trees, pine trees, myrtles, palms and [other] leafy trees to make booths." In God told Moses to command the people: "On the first day you shall take the product of "hadar" trees, branches of palm trees, boughs of leafy trees, and willows of the brook," and "You shall live in booths seven days; all citizens in Israel shall live in booths, in order that future generations may know that I made the Israelite people live in booths when I brought them out of the land

neg: Province of Jaén (Spain) contains two Renaissance cities, Úbeda and Baeza, both recently declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. The annual chess tournament held until 2010 in Linares attracted many of the world's best players. The province is the largest producer of olive oil in the world. It produces around 45% of all Spanish production and 20% of world's production. For this reason the province is also known as "World Capital of Olive Oil". There are more than 66 million of olive trees, spread over a surface of 550,000 hectares. The province alone produces more olive oil than the entire country of Italy.

neg: Olive even a mature tree. They tolerate drought well, due to their sturdy and extensive root systems. Olive trees can live for several centuries and can remain productive for as long if they are pruned correctly and regularly. Only a handful of olive varieties can be used to cross-pollinate. 'Pendolino' olive trees are partially self-fertile, but pollenizers are needed for a large fruit crop. Other compatible olive tree pollenizers include 'Leccino' and 'Maurino'. 'Pendolino' olive trees are used extensively as pollenizers in large olive tree groves. Olives are propagated by various methods. The preferred ways are cuttings and layers; the tree

neg: Olive Trees (Van Gogh series) Van Gogh voluntarily entered the asylum of St. Paul near Saint-Rémy in Provence. There he had access to an adjacent cell he used as his studio. He was initially confined to the immediate asylum grounds and painted (without the window bars) the world he saw from his room, such as ivy covered trees, lilacs, and irises in the garden. As he ventured outside of the asylum walls, he painted the wheat fields, olive groves, and cypress trees in the surrounding countryside, which he saw as "characteristic of Provence." Over the course of the year, he painted about 150 canvases. The

neg: Frapelia should ensure that they take proper care and observe reasonable standards when it comes to consumption of olive leaf frappe. Make sure to use properly cleaned leaves preferably picked from wild olive trees. Olive trees can be found everywhere in Greece (and many other Mediterranean countries), but many of them are being actively cultivated and as a consequence are regularly sprayed with pesticides and fertilizers. These chemicals are difficult to remove, and will not be removed by simply rinsing under running water. It is far better to simply pick the leaves from a tree that is growing wild or to

neg: Saissetia oleae Saissetia oleae Saissetia oleae (syn. Coccus oleae) is a scale insect in the family Coccidae. It is considered one of the three main phytophagous parasites of the olive tree ("Olea europaea"), together with the olive fruit fly ("Bactrocera oleae") and the olive moth ("Prays oleae"). Although it is a common parasite which occurs most often in olive trees, it is a polyphagous species, also attacking (but less frequently) citrus trees as well as various ornamental shrubs such as oleanders, pittosporums and euonymus. One of the first scientists who studied the insect in a scientific and modern way was Italian naturalist

neg: Al-Lubban ash-Sharqiya arson. Later the same year, the olive harvest became one of the most violent for years on the West Bank, and olive trees belonging to the village, and situated near the Israeli settlement of Eli, were torched, though Eli residents say it was a "pruning fire that got out of control." The family of Rasmia Awase found 40 olive trees they had planted two decades earlier on their plot near the settlement of Eli chopped down when they came to harvest the fruits. They blamed the destruction on Eli settlers. In February 2012, an IDF soldier from the Golani Brigade,

neg: Olive tree of Vouves Olive tree of Vouves The Olive tree of Vouves () is an olive tree in the village of Ano Vouves in the municipal unit of Kolymvari in Chania regional unit, Crete, Greece. Probably one of the oldest olive trees in the world, it still produces olives today. The exact age of the tree cannot be determined. The use of radioisotopes is not possible, as its heartwood has been lost down the centuries, while tree ring analysis demonstrated the tree to be at least 2000 years old. and on the other end of the scale, scientists from the University of Crete

neg: Picual Picvalles, Redondilla, Salgar, Salgares, Sevillano, Sir George Grey's Spanish, Temprana, Tetudilla, Picual de Almeria, Picual de Almeria (Gordal), Picual de Almeria (Picual), Picual de Estepa, Picual de Estepa (Picual), and Picudo (Picual) Picual The Picual, also known as Marteña or Lopereña, is an olive cultivar from Spain. Picual olives are the most commonly grown olive today for olive oil production, with production centered in the Spanish province of Jaén. Picual trees are estimated to account for 25% of all olive oil production in the world. Naturally, this varietal is very high in oil content, at 20-27% by weight. Virgin olive

neg: Olive attempt to keep the lineage of an older species intact. However, Bernabei writes, “All the tree trunks are hollow inside so that the central, older wood is missing . . . In the end, only three from a total of eight olive trees could be successfully dated. The dated ancient olive trees do, however, not allow any hypothesis to be made with regard to the age of the remaining five giant olive trees.” Babcox concludes, “The roots of the eight oldest trees are possibly much older. Visiting guides to the garden often state that they are two thousand years old.”

neg: Pine warbler tree branch. Pine warblers prefer to nest in pine trees, hence their names. Three to five blotched white eggs are laid. Pine warbler The pine warbler ("Setophaga pinus") is a small songbird of the New World warbler family. These birds have white bellies, two white wing bars, dark legs and thin, relatively long pointed bills; they have yellowish lines over their eyes. Adult males have olive upperparts and bright yellow throats and breasts; females and immatures display upperparts which are olive-brown. Their throats and breasts are paler. The song of this bird is a musical trill. Their calls are slurred

neg: Nafez Assaily 1967 they (Israel) defeated the armies of three countries in six days, but they [could not] defeat the intifadah." The lesson he drew was that Israel had a harder time coping with non-violent opposition than with an actual war. Assaily recounts episodes of how he advises people struck by settler violence to respond: Once Israeli soldiers razed all the trees in a community's olive grove. So I convened all of the families involved and told themn that the proper response was not to react violently but to persevere. They had to replant the trees. The first time they did this,

neg: Olive Greece. The age of an olive tree in Crete, the Finix Olive, is claimed to be over 2,000 years old; this estimate is based on archaeological evidence around the tree. The olive tree of Vouves, also in Crete, has an age estimated between 2000 and 4000 years. An olive tree called Farga d'Arió in Ulldecona, Catalonia, Spain, has been estimated (with laser-perimetry methods) to date back to 314 CE, which would mean that it was planted when Constantine the Great was Roman emperor. Some Italian olive trees are believed to date back to Ancient Rome (8th century BC to 5th

neg: Elizabeth Farm to investigate all aspects of colonial administration, including the development of agriculture and trade. Bigge observed that Macarthur's olive trees had assimilated well to the climate and that olive oil from NSW could prove a successful export product. The settlement's British cultural background and lack of experience growing olives (commercially) and competition from the wool production industry kept olive production in the shade. Two olive trees remain at Elizabeth Farm on the front (northern) lawn. It is unclear whether these date from 1805 or 1817 introductions. However they appear to be the earliest olive trees surviving in Australia and thus,

neg: Olive production in Palestine as a resident of the West Bank. She concludes, "Arafat was right to hold a gun in one hand and an olive branch in the other. I was never so naive as to expect that Israel could be won over by the olive branch alone, but the gun could only ever be a means to an end." In 2012 Israel was urged to protect West Bank olive trees after trees were uprooted in al-Mughir, Turmusaya, Nablus, al-Khader, and Ras Karkar. In 2014 trees were uprooted in Deir Istiya and Wadi Qana with some 800,000 to one million trees having been

neg: Olive least 1,500 years old. Throughout Israel and Palestine, dozens of ancient olive trees are found with estimated ages of 1,600–2,000 years; however, these estimates could not be supported by current scientific practices. Ancient trees include two giant olive trees in Arraba and five trees in Deir Hanna, both in the Galilee region, which have been determined to be over 3,000 years old, although no available data support the credibility of the study that produced these age estimates, and as such, the 3000 years age estimate can not be considered valid. All seven trees continue to produce olives. Several trees in

neg: 5 Broken Cameras who come to support them. Settlers destroy Palestinian olive trees and attack Burnat when he tries to film them. The Army raids the village in the middle of the night to arrest children. He, his friends, and brothers are arrested or shot; some are killed. Each camera used to document these events is shot or smashed. Eventually, in 2009, Burnat approaches Guy Davidi – an Israeli filmmaker and together, from these five broken cameras and the stories that they represent, these two filmmakers create the film. Israel began construction of an Israeli West Bank barrier in the West Bank village

neg: Smokvica forested land. About 250 hectares (625 acres) are devoted to vineyards with about two million grape vines. Another 144 hectares (360 acres) are olive orchards with 176,000 olive trees. The origin of the name Smokvica is not completely understood. It is understood that it might have come from the Roman language Latin, which means pathways. It is also possible that the name could be linked with the presence of water, due to the numerous ponds and lakes in the field of Sitnica in ancient times. Most likely the name has nothing to do with the Mediterranean fruit tree, the fig

neg: Olive oil regulation and adulteration compete. With Italian extra-virgin olive oil in high demand with concomitant high prices, adulterated olive oil has become the biggest source of agricultural fraud problems in the European Union. While less than 10% of world olive oil production meets the criteria for labeling as extra-virgin, it has been estimated that up to 50% of retail oil is labeled "extra-virgin". Some oil labeled "extra-virgin" is diluted with cheaper olive oils or other vegetable oils. In some cases, lampante, or "lamp oil," which is made from spoiled olives fallen from trees, is used, even though it can't legally be sold as food.

neg: Ecclesiastes Rabbah which are the delights of Scripture.' R. Joshua b. Levi interpreted the passage as referring to Israel on its entry into the country: ' I made me great works,—"When ye be come into the land of your habitations . . . and will make a burnt offering . . . unto the Lord" (Num. xv. 2, 3). I builded me houses,—"and houses full of all good things" (Deut. vi. 11). I planted me vineyards,—"vineyards and olive-trees which thou plantedst not" (ib.).' Hadrian the Accursed said to R. Joshua b. Hananiah: 'The Torah says: "A land wherein thou shalt eat bread

neg: Bani Zeid Palestinian security and administrative control in 2000. The next year it became the first Palestinian-controlled town to be the site of major operation by Israeli forces during the Second Intifada. When Fathiya Barghouti Rheime was elected mayor in 2005, Bani Zeid became the first Palestinian locality with a woman as head of the municipality, in concurrence with nearby Ramallah. The current mayor is Abdel Karim Abu Aql, elected in 2012. Historically, Bani Zeid's economy was dependent on the olive crop, which was supplied to soap factories in Nablus. Until the present day, olive trees cover most of the town's cultivable

neg: Olive circumference of a tree, it is likely to die. Voles and mice also do damage by eating the roots of olives. At the northern edge of their cultivation zone, for instance in Southern France and north-central Italy, olive trees suffer occasionally from frost. Gales and long-continued rains during the gathering season also cause damage. Since its first domestication, "O. europaea" has been spreading back to the wild from planted groves. Its original wild populations in southern Europe have been largely swamped by feral plants. In some other parts of the world where it has been introduced, most notably South Australia,

neg: Olive production in Palestine nationality and connection to the land, particularly due to their slow growth and longevity. The destruction of Palestinian olive trees has become a feature of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, with regular reports of damage by Israeli settlers. Olive trees have been cultivated in the region for many thousands of years, with some evidence of olive groves and olive oil technologies dating to the Chalcolithic period, between 3600–3300 BCE. Later in the Bronze Age, olive fruits were widely traded as shown by the Uluburun shipwreck – which may have been carrying an olive shipment from Palestine. Olives and olive oil had a

neg: Gethsemane can grow back from roots after being cut down", researchers said. However Bernabei writes, "All the tree trunks are hollow inside so that the central, older wood is missing . . . In the end, only three from a total of eight olive trees could be successfully dated. The dated ancient olive trees do, however, not allow any hypothesis to be made with regard to the age of the remaining five giant olive trees." Babcox said that the roots of the oldest trees are possibly much older and then points out the traditional claim that the trees are two thousand

neg: The Cut (UK TV series) to get more people to come. He leaves a necklace for Olive in the cafe, but she thinks that Stephen left it. On the night before the party, Tommy and Rosa share a spliff, and they kiss, which they both regret afterwards. At the party, Fin arrives and tells Olive that Stephen asked her first, and Tommy tells her that he in fact gave her the necklace. Stephen leaves in a temper, and Tommy and Olive go home together. Tommy and Olive are still together, although she does not know about his kiss with Rosa. Their relationship is strained when

neg: Minchinbury, New South Wales and he also established a quarry, a piggery, dairy and olive trees on the land. James Angus began to expand the winery and continued to until the sale of the property in 1913. Angus sold the vineyards and cellar complex to Penfolds Wines but retained a major portion of the estate for his family, He was killed when he was hit by a train at Rooty Hill station in 1916. Minchinbury was the second vineyard bought by Penfolds in New South Wales, the first being Dalwood, near Branxton in the Hunter Valley. With properties in New South Wales and South

neg: Godall Godall Godall is a municipality in the Montsià comarca, Tarragona Province, Catalonia, Spain. Godall gives its name to the Serra de Godall, a moderately high and smooth calcareous mountain range that rises above the town. Local legend says that the village originated when people built a new settlement after abandoning the destroyed village of Merades, located within Godall's municipal term. The main economic activity is agriculture, particularly the growing of olive, carob, and almond trees. Godall has lost more than half its inhabitants since the first half of the 20th century when population reached a high of 1,700. Godall is

neg: Olive production in Palestine Olive production in Palestine Olive trees are a major agricultural crop in the Palestinian territories, where they are mostly grown for olive oil production. It has been estimated that olive production accounted for 57% of cultivated land in the Palestinian territories with 7.8 million fruit-bearing olive trees in 2011. In 2014, an estimated 108,000 tonnes of olives were pressed producing 24,700 tonnes of olive oil – which contributed US $10.9 million in added value to the crop. Around 100,000 households rely on olives for their primary income. The olive tree is seen by many Palestinians as being a symbol of

neg: Olive livelihoods. However, new shoots appeared in the spring and, once the dead wood was removed, became the basis for new fruit-producing trees. In this way, an olive tree can live for centuries or even millennia. Olives grow very slowly, and over many years, the trunk can attain a considerable diameter. A. P. de Candolle recorded one exceeding in girth. The trees rarely exceed in height, and are generally confined to much more limited dimensions by frequent pruning. "Olea europaea" is very hardy: drought-, disease- and fire-resistant, it can live to a great age. Its root system is robust and capable

neg: Sulaiman Khatib together we are going to make our dream a reality. Both our peoples carry thousands of years of connection to this land. We both love the Olive trees and Za’atar, it is part of our souls and hearts and will never go away. Both our peoples have the right to live in peace, freedom and dignity, not only for ourselves, but also as an example for the good of the world. When Jerusalem finds harmony, the world will find peace." "When we join together in our nonviolent struggle, we will find the true heart of the Jerusalem, Yerushalyim, Alqauds, that

neg: Domaine d'Orvès wells, springs, fountains and basins at different levels. Trees in the garden include Photinia serratifolia, Cocculus laurifolius, pinus pinea, oleander. cypress, fig trees. pittosporum, pomegranate, wild quince trees, loquat trees, and persimmon trees. The house and gardens date to 1691. It belonged to the commune, was rented for a time by the Marquis de Castellane, and then was purchased by the painter Pierre Deval in 1925. During World War II the land was requisitioned by the German army for an artillery position, and many of the trees, including the rows of olive trees, were cut down. The Germans spared only

neg: Patrinia olive Patrinia olive Patrinia olive (Olea europaea var. microphylla) is a Greek variety of olive tree grown primarily in Aigialeia, Greece. The olive fruit is used exclusively for oil production and it has a high oil concentration of around 25%. The number of the cultivated Patrinia trees is no more than 6 million and it makes up 4% of the Greek olive trees (140 million). Patrinia olive tree is also known as Koutsourelia or Lianolia. Patrinia olive tree is of average size (3m height) and it prefers average or rich composition soil. The leaves are small and narrow, a distinctive characteristic

neg: Hérault winter of 1956 damaged the olive trees, and the olive-growing regions did not recover until the late 1980s. Many of the olive-industry co-ops closed. During the second half of the twentieth century the Montpellier basin saw some of the most rapid population growth in France. Hérault is part of the "region" of Occitanie and is surrounded by the departments of Aude, Tarn, Aveyron, Gard, and the Mediterranean (Gulf of Lion) on the south. The department is geographically very diverse, with beaches in the south, the Cévennes mountains in the north, and agricultural land in between. To define the Hérault, one

neg: Francisco Hernández de Toledo significant because classical texts did not amass so much plant biodiversity. His dedication to helping generate an early taxonomy for New World plants allowed for European utilization. Since the preexisting botanical terminology was so limited, he used native names (mostly Nahuatl) when classifying the plants. He also used categories of native names, comparison to Old World plants, or a combination of those two instead of the traditional categories of trees, shrubs, and herbs. Some specific plants of the New World he described include: vanilla, the first written account of it; corn (Zea mays L.), in long and detailed chapters; four

neg: Olive production in Palestine oath by the olive tree." More recently, the olive tree is a symbol of rootedness. After the Israel Defense Forces defeated the Palestine Liberation Organization in the 1982 Lebanon War, the olive became a symbol for Palestinian identity. Because "olive trees are a prominent feature of the mountainous region of the landscape in the West Bank," Palestinians began to "draw connections between their ancient presence in Palestine and that of the ancient olive tree rooted in the land of Palestine." Olive trees also have a nationalist connotation in Palestinian culture. In a speech to the United Nations General Assembly in

neg: Crecchio during World War II when, on 10 September 1943, after the armistice, King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy of Italy, in flight from Rome, spent a night in the castle before leaving Italy from the port of Ortona. An Etruscan and Byzantine museum is located inside the castle. The economy is mainly based on agriculture where vineyards and olive trees dominate the hills and valleys. The main vines grown are Montepulciano d'Abruzzo and Trebbiano. The first produces a dense red wine while Trebbiano grapes produce a rich white table wine. The few business activities are mainly focused on the textile

neg: Abbas Kiarostami into the central drama. Critics such as Adrian Martin have called the style of filmmaking in the "Koker trilogy" as "diagrammatical", linking the zig-zagging patterns in the landscape and the geometry of forces of life and the world. A flashback of the zigzag path in "Life and Nothing More..." (1992) in turn triggers the spectator's memory of the previous film, "Where Is the Friend's Home?" from 1987, shot before the earthquake. This symbolically links to the post-earthquake reconstruction in "Through the Olive Trees" in 1994. In 1995, Miramax Films released "Through the Olive Trees" in the US theaters. Kiarostami next

neg: Olive production in Palestine for the building of illegal settlements this has caused economic hardships especially with families separated from their farmlands. Olive production in Palestine Olive trees are a major agricultural crop in the Palestinian territories, where they are mostly grown for olive oil production. It has been estimated that olive production accounted for 57% of cultivated land in the Palestinian territories with 7.8 million fruit-bearing olive trees in 2011. In 2014, an estimated 108,000 tonnes of olives were pressed producing 24,700 tonnes of olive oil – which contributed US $10.9 million in added value to the crop. Around 100,000 households rely on

neg: Imperator rhodopurpureus Imperator rhodopurpureus Imperator rhodopurpureus is an inedible fungus of the genus "Imperator", found under deciduous trees including oak and beech in neutral soils. Initially described as "Boletus rhodopurpureus", it was transferred to the new genus "Imperator" in 2015. The bolete is considered critically endangered in the Czech Republic. The cap is cushion-like, up to 15 cm in diameter; faint yellow- or pink-buff when young, later flushing red from the rim and becoming blotched with yellow, red and olivaceous tones. The tubes are orange or red at first, then turning dark blue when cut. The spores are olive-brown. The stem is

neg: Abu Dis food/grocery stores and 40 trade/service shops. Around 48% of Abu Dis's territory consists of arable land, and so the village has a significant agricultural sector. Olive trees comprise the vast majority of Abu Dis's commercial agriculture as 530 of the existing 544 fruit trees are olive trees. Sheep are the most commonly available livestock, though Abu Dis's farming community also has cows and goats. Schools in Abu Dis include Amal Nursery, Abu Dis Elementary School, New Generation Primary School, Special Needs School, Abu Dis Girls Secondary School, Abu Dis Boys Secondary School, UNRWA Mixed School and Arab Institute. Abu Dis

neg: Burin, Nablus compared with 587 incidents in all of 2006 and 551 in 2007. In February 2010, an 18-year-old Burin resident was shot and wounded by a settler security guard, which the settlers said took place after Palestinians threw stones at them. There has been several attacks from Israeli settlers on olive trees in Burin. Olive harvest days are coordinated with Israel, the Palestinian Authority and large clans in the area to prevent violence and vandalism. 7,714 Palestinian-owned trees were damaged during the first months of 2013. According to a report by Yesh Din, Burin had lost the most trees. A spokesman

neg: Seno, Aragon existence of crops and a rich orchard (peaches, almonds, olive trees). In the surrounding mountains there is an abundant colony of birds of prey (griffon vultures), and another of Hispanic goats. At some distance from the village and to the north, about 300 meters, is the neighborhood of Paris, now almost uninhabited. The origins of Seno are very remote. The first remains found in the vicinity of the town come from the Neolithic, the Bronze Age or the Iron Age (e.g. the iron ore mine of Valdestrada, s.V. de C.). In its municipal term there are also Iberian remains (e.g.

neg: Sawiri, Lebanon funded by the Lebanese Ministry of Education. This high school is called: Sawiri Official High School. It started in 2003 Sawiri is an agriculture and service-oriented town. Most people own their land and come from a farming background. Sawiri produces lentils, figs, and Armenian cucumbers (mikthi). However, olive, Almond, nut and cherry trees have been grown rapidly as well as grape vines of all sorts in the last 3 decades. In the last 15 years, many "Sawiris" started growing up peanuts (Sterculia quadrifida) trees too. Sawiri is very close to Anjar, Lebanon and Baalbek where ancient history can be seen

neg: Olive Aristaeus the understanding of olive husbandry, along with cheese-making and bee-keeping. Olive was one of the woods used to fashion the most primitive Greek cult figures, called "xoana", referring to their wooden material; they were reverently preserved for centuries. It was purely a matter of local pride that the Athenians claimed that the olive grew first in Athens. In an archaic Athenian foundation myth, Athena won the patronship of Attica from Poseidon with the gift of the olive. According to the fourth-century BC father of botany, Theophrastus, olive trees ordinarily attained an age around 200 years, he mentions that the

neg: Middle-earth peoples and many sub-groups appeared. The First Sundering occurred when some left Middle-earth to live in the blessed realm of Valinor, while others stayed behind. This produced the Eldar, who accepted the call to come to Valinor, and the Avari who refused the great journey. Elves who stayed in Middle-earth and never saw the light of the trees became known as the Moriquendi or "Dark-elves". This did not imply that the Dark-elves were evil, they just never saw the light of the trees. On the journey to Valinor, some of the Teleri ("Those who tarried") abandoned the main group and those

neg: Spilocaea oleaginea Spilocaea oleaginea Spilocaea oleaginea is a deuteromycete fungal plant pathogen, the cause of the disease olive peacock spot, also known as olive leaf spot and bird's eye spot. This plant disease commonly affects the leaves of olive trees worldwide. The disease affects trees throughout the growing season and can cause significant losses in yield. The disease causes blemishes on the fruit, delays ripening, and reduces the yield of oil. Defoliation and in severe cases, twig death, can occur, and the disease can have long-term health effects on the trees. Olive plants are the only known host of the pathogen, which

neg: Olivière productivity contribute to its popularity. It is a self-sterile cultivar, so it needs the presence of pollinators. Among the olive cultivars used for pollination are the Cayon, Picholine, Verdale and Arbequina. A major drawback with this cultivar is its vulnerability to certain biological pests, such as the "Bactrocera oleae", "Pseudomonas syringae", "Saissetia oleae", and Sooty moulds. On the other hand, it has an exceptional resistance to cold; after the devastatingly hard winter of 1956, when most French olive orchards were destroyed, many Olivière trees survived. That means that some of the trees of this variety are over 400 years old.