query: when did the great sand dunes become a national park

pos: Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve of Alamosa and Monte Vista. By the 1920s, the dunes had become a source of pride for local people, and a potential source of tourist dollars for local businesses. Members of the P.E.O. Sisterhood sponsored a bill to Congress asking for national monument status for Great Sand Dunes. Widely supported by local people, the bill was signed into law in 1932 by President Herbert Hoover. Similar support in the late 1990s resulted in the monument's expansion into a national park and preserve in 2000-2004. The park contains the tallest sand dunes in North America, rising to a maximum height of

pos: Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve Dunes National Park and Preserve in 2000-2004. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) listed the Great Sand Dunes as a protected landscape (management category V) in 2000, including the national park, the preserve, and the adjacent Baca National Wildlife Refuge. In 1976, the U.S. Congress designated the Great Sand Dunes Wilderness—a wilderness area encompassing within the monument. This wilderness is the only one in the U.S. that protects a saltbush-greasewood ecosystem and includes the entire dunefield as well as much of the area west of the dunes. Congress also designated the Sangre de Cristo Wilderness in 1993, which

neg: Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve of the Nature Conservancy, as well as the federal and state governments, is to combine conservation and sustainable use of the ecosystem, in a manner similar to the protected area mosaic recommended in the early 1980s for parts of the Yukon in Canada. The eventual redesignation as Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve was authorized on November 22, 2000 when President Bill Clinton signed the Congressionally-approved Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve Act. The act directed the Secretary of the Interior to "establish the Great Sand Dunes National Park when sufficient land having sufficient diversity of resources has

neg: Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve during the middle years of the current ice age's third stage. The dunes contain dark areas which are deposits of magnetite, a mineral that has eroded out of the Sangre de Cristo Range. Magnetite is both attracted to a magnet and can be magnetized to become a magnet itself; it is the most magnetic mineral in nature. Magnetite is an oxide of iron which is heavier than the surrounding particles of sand. When overlying sand is removed by wind, magnetite deposits stay in place and are visible as dark patches in the dunefield. Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve

neg: Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve is an American national park that conserves an area of large sand dunes up to tall on the eastern edge of the San Luis Valley, and an adjacent national preserve located in the Sangre de Cristo Range, in south-central Colorado, United States. The park was originally designated Great Sand Dunes National Monument on March 17, 1932 by President Herbert Hoover. The original boundaries protected an area of . A boundary change and redesignation as a national park and preserve was authorized on November 22, 2000 and

neg: Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve parabolic dunes continue to originate in the sand sheet and migrate across grasslands, joining the main dunefield. Some of these migrating dunes become covered by grasses and shrubs and stop migrating. The dunes system is fairly stable as the opposing wind directions balance each other out over time. Also, the main dunefield is moist beneath a thin layer of dry surface sand. While the top few inches of sand are blown around during windstorms, the moist sand remains largely in place. Scientists estimate that Lake Alamosa disappeared about 440,000 years ago, but the dunes themselves apparently originate from sand deposits

neg: Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve animals in the national park and the preserve include horses, mules, burros, donkeys, alpacas, and llamas. Overnight guests at the Zapata Ranch may take guided trips into the park; Zapata Partners is the only NPS-licensed provider of horseback riding in the Great Sand Dunes. Unlike all other national parks in the contiguous United States, Great Sand Dunes National Park is located directly adjacent to a national preserve. The preserve is also managed by the National Park Service and seasonal hunting is permitted there. Sport hunting has regulations which include not pursuing a wounded animal if it leaves the preserve and

neg: Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve Great Sand Dunes area were nomadic hunter-gatherers whose connection to the area centered around the herds of mammoths and prehistoric bison. They were Stone Age people who hunted with large stone spear or dart points now identified as Clovis and Folsom points. These people only stayed when hunting and plant gathering was good, and avoided the region during times of drought and scarcity. Modern American Indian tribes were familiar with the area when Spaniards first arrived in the 17th century. The traditional Ute phrase for the Great Sand Dunes is "Saa waap maa nache" (sand that moves). Jicarilla Apaches settled

neg: Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve forests. The boundaries of the Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve were established by an act of Congress on September 24, 2004. In 2016, the federal government began negotiations toward purchasing of the Medano–Zapata Ranch from the Nature Conservancy. The plan is to complete the park, making it fully accessible to the public, by acquiring the final piece of privately-held land located within the current park boundaries. The land includes the area presently occupied by the bison herd, as well as adjacent meadows and wetland areas. The purchase is expected to be completed by 2018. Great Sand Dunes National

neg: Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve or barchan dunes—and star dunes. The sand sheet is the largest component of the system, comprising sandy grasslands that extend around three sides of the dunefield. Almost 90% of the sand deposit is found in the sand sheet, while the remainder is found in the dunefield. Small parabolic dunes form in the sand sheet and then migrate into the main dunefield. Nabkha dunes form around vegetation. The sabkha forms where sand is seasonally saturated by rising ground water. When the water evaporates away in late summer, minerals similar to baking soda cement sand grains together into a hard, white crust.

neg: Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve trout, Rio Grande sucker (Catostomus plebeius), and fathead minnow. Amphibians include the tiger salamander, chorus frog, northern leopard frog, spadefoot toad, Great Plains toad, and Woodhouse's toad. The park harbors several endemic insects including the Great Sand Dunes tiger beetle, a circus beetle (Eleodes hirtipennis), Werner's (Amblyderus werneri) and Triplehorn's (Amblyderus triplehorni) ant-like flower beetle, as well as undescribed species of clown beetle, noctuid moth, and robber fly. More than a thousand different kinds of arthropods have been found at the Great Sand Dunes. Alpine tundra is the highest elevation ecosystem at Great Sand Dunes where the conditions are too

neg: Mosca Pass Mosca Pass Mosca Pass, elevation , is a mountain pass in Alamosa and Huerfano counties in the Sangre de Cristo Range in southern Colorado. The pass lies on the eastern border of the Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve about 40 miles west of Walsenburg, Colorado. It marks the boundary between the Great Sand Dunes National Preserve to the west and San Isabel National Forest to the east, and it also lies on the border between Alamosa and Huerfano counties. Mosca Pass Trail, which starts near the Great Sand Dunes National Park visitor center and is impassable to vehicles,

neg: Sandboarding sandboarding sessions in and around Cape Town and Gauteng. Sand Master Park, located in Florence, Oregon USA is a sandboard park with of private sculpted sand dunes and a full-time pro shop. Dune Riders International is the governing body for competitive sandboarding worldwide and sanctions three events each season at Sand Master Park. Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve near Alamosa, Colorado has sandboarding on what it calls the tallest dunes in North America. Sandboarding and skiing are permitted anywhere on the dunefield away from vegetated areas. Peru is known for having large sand dunes in Ica, some reaching

neg: Colorado State Highway 150 at Great Sand Dunes National Park. The first route to use the number 150 was established in the 1920s, when it connected SH 17 at Mosca to SH 69 at Gardner over Mosca Pass which is no longer maintained for automobile travel. The route was deleted by 1954 and resurrected in 1960, when it connected Mosca with the Great Sand Dunes National Park. This routing was deleted in 1973 and resurrected again to its current routing today the following year. Colorado State Highway 150 State Highway 150 is a long state highway in southern Colorado. SH 150 begins in the

neg: Kobuk Valley National Park in the adjoining Selawik National Wildlife Refuge. Three sets of sand dune fields are located on the south side of the Kobuk River. The Great Kobuk Sand Dunes, Little Kobuk Sand Dunes and the Hunt River Dunes are remnants of dune fields that covered as many as immediately after the retreat of Pleistocene glaciation. A combination of outwash deposits from the glaciers and strong winds created the field, which is now mostly covered by forest and tundra. In present times the active dune fields cover about . The Great Kobuk Sand Dunes comprise the largest active Arctic dune field in

neg: Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve . The park and preserve together are approximately east-to-west at the widest point, and approximately north-to-south, also at the widest point. The park encompasses , while the preserve protects an additional for a total of . The Rio Grande National Forest is located to the north and southeast while the remaining forested slopes directly to the east of the dunes were redesignated the Great Sand Dunes National Preserve. The San Isabel National Forest is located to the east of the preserve just beyond the ridge of the Sangre de Cristo Range. Private property abuts most of the southern boundary of

neg: San Luis Valley Luther Bean Museum at Adams State University, the Sand Dunes Swimming Pool Hot Spring, and the Firedworks Gallery on Main Street in Alamosa for regional history and art, and regional Mexican food. Also recommended near Alamosa for wildlife viewing are The Alamosa Ranch north of town and the Alamosa National Wildlife Refuge to the southeast. To the northeast of Alamosa lie San Luis State Park and the San Luis Lakes and the Great Sand Dunes National Park (turn east at Mosca, Colorado from State Highway 17 onto State Highway 150 then, after you view or visit the Great Sand Dunes,

neg: Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve in these drier, open woodlands. The riparian zone follows creeks through the subalpine and montane ecosystems at Great Sand Dunes. Cottonwood and aspen trees, red osier dogwood, and alder grow well in this wet environment, in turn providing shade and habitat for black bears, water shrews, and western tanagers. Rio Grande cutthroat trout are found in Medano Creek. While the top few inches of the dunefield are often dry, the dunes are moist year-round due to ongoing precipitation. Moisture content of 7% beneath the surface sand allows species such as Ord's kangaroo rat, Great Sand Dunes tiger beetle, scurfpea, and

neg: Scott McInnis to redesignate Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Monument as a national park in 1999. In 2000, McInnis and former Senators Ben Nighthorse Campbell and Wayne Allard authored the Great Sand Dunes National Park Act, and four years later the Great Sand Dunes became the country's 58th national park. While in office, McInnis received numerous awards. He was named "Person of the Decade" by "The Glenwood Post" in 1999 and "Best Local Government Official" by "The Grand Junction Daily Sentinel" from 1999–2003. Other awards Scott has received include the Colorado Association of Homebuilders' Award for Government Service, the Legislator of

neg: Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve into three sections: the Sangre de Cristos section east of Crestone became part of the Rio Grande National Forest; the section west of the dunes was designated the Baca National Wildlife Refuge and managed by the Fish and Wildlife Service; the section east of the dunes was transferred first to the Rio Grande National Forest and later redesignated a national preserve in 2004 managed by the National Park Service. The national preserve remains open to regulated seasonal hunting, as it was when designated national forest land, but is protected from logging and mining activities which are generally permitted in national

neg: Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve rain which feeds creeks that flow down from alpine tundra and lakes, through subalpine and montane woodlands, and finally around the main dunefield. Sand that has blown from the valley floor is captured in streams and carried back toward the valley. As creeks disappear into the valley floor, the sand is picked up and carried to the dunefield once again. The recycling action of water and wind, along with a 7% moisture content below the dry surface holding the sand together, contributes to the great height of the dunes. The dunefield is composed of reversing dunes, transverse dunes—also called crescentic

neg: Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve then established by an act of Congress on September 24, 2004. The park encompasses while the preserve protects an additional for a total of . The recreational visitor total was 486,935 in 2017, about 25% more than the 388,308 visitors of 2016. The park contains the tallest sand dunes in North America. The dunes cover an area of about and are estimated to contain over 5 billion cubic meters of sand. Sediments from the surrounding mountains filled the valley over geologic time periods. After lakes within the valley receded, exposed sand was blown by the predominant southwest winds toward the

neg: Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve contains a total of of mountainous terrain. Most of the Sangre de Cristo Wilderness is managed by the U.S. Forest Service while the National Park Service manages the area that has since been designated a national preserve. Mechanized transport and motorized equipment or vehicles are not permitted in wilderness areas, while ATVs are not permitted anywhere in the national park and preserve. The restrictions of a wilderness designation protect native wildlife such as the endemic Great Sand Dunes tiger beetle from potential extinction caused by human activities. Both of the wilderness area designations exclude the existing road corridors that pass

neg: Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve is located in Saguache and Alamosa Counties, Colorado at approximately 37.75° north latitude and 105.5° west longitude. The national park is located in the San Luis Valley while the national preserve is located to the east in an adjacent section of the Sangre de Cristo Range of the Rocky Mountains. Elevations range from in the valley west of the dunes, to at the summit of Tijeras Peak in the northern part of the preserve. The dunes cover an area of about while the surrounding relatively flat sand sheet which feeds the large dunes is actually the largest component of the

neg: Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve generally mild, with Indian summer days when temperatures reach and higher, but chilly nights below freezing. Occasional fall storms bring icy rain or snow. Cold temperatures well below freezing are typical in winter, although the sunshine is generally abundant and the dry air doesn't feel as cold as more humid areas. The average winter high temperatures are just above freezing even in January, which is the coldest month of the year. The four primary components of the Great Sand Dunes system are the mountain watershed, the dunefield, the sand sheet, and the sabkha. The mountain watershed receives heavy snow and

neg: Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve side of the dunefield and carry it around the dunes and back to the valley floor. The creeks then disappear into the sand sheet, and the sand blows back into the dunefield. Barchan and transverse dunes form near these creeks. The combination of opposing winds, a huge supply of sand from the valley floor, and the sand recycling action of the creeks, are all part of the reason that these are the tallest dunes in North America. Sufficient vegetation has grown on the valley floor that there is little sand blowing into the main dunefield from the valley; however, small

neg: Great Sandy National Park Great Sandy National Park Great Sandy National Park is a coastal national park in the Fraser Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. The park features untouched beaches, large sand dunes, heathlands, rainforests, swamps, creeks, freshwater lakes and mangrove forests. Great Sandy National Park is divided into two sections. The "Cooloola Recreation Area" section is situated on the coast between Noosa Heads in the south and Rainbow Beach in the north and covers . The "K'gari (Fraser Island)" section encompasses almost all of the world's largest sand island, Fraser Island, situated north of Rainbow Beach, covering . The land within the park is

neg: Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve entire dunes system, containing about 90% of all the sand in the park. The forested and often snowcapped mountains exceeding to the east are the most prominent feature, towering over the high dunes. Other features include snow-fed creeks originating high in the mountains, and several alpine lakes. Two spring-fed creeks in the sand sheet along with a few small lakes in the valley's sabkha section southwest of the dunes create a wetland that nurtures wildlife. The main dunefield measures roughly east-to-west and north-to-south, with an adjacent area to the northwest called the Star Dune Complex, for a total of about

neg: Margit Babos of the continental sand dune systems in Hungary. She performed extensive field work and collecting of fungi in several sites with moving sand dunes, dry sandy grasslands, wet and marshy interdune habitats and dry steppe forests in Hungary. Many of her research sites belonged to the Kiskunság National Park or the Hortobágy National Park and the knowledge gathered still forms the basis of our understanding of the European continental sand dune mycoflora. She made extensive comparisons with coastal, halophilic sand dunes and was always delighted by the high species overlap between these habitats despite great geography distances. She has reported

neg: Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve enters the national park. Mountain lion hunting with dogs is also allowed in the preserve, but unless the dogs have spotted the lion and are pursuing it, they are required to be leashed. Other game species include turkey, bear, bighorn sheep, elk and mule deer. The dunes and surrounding area were designated a national monument in 1932 after a bill—sponsored by the P.E.O. Sisterhood and widely supported by local residents—was signed into law by President Herbert Hoover. The original monument boundaries protected an area of . Similar support in the late 1990s resulted in the monument's redesignation as Great Sand

neg: Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve and Mosca Pass, also called Robidoux's Pass, offered more direct routes from the growing front range cities and dropped into the valley just east of the Great Sand Dunes. Trails were improved into wagon routes and eventually into rough roads. The Mosca Pass Toll Road was developed in the 1870s, and stages and the mail route used it regularly through about 1911 when the western portion was damaged in a flash flood. Partially rebuilt at times in the 1930s through the 1950s, the road was repeatedly closed due to flood damage and is now a hiking trail. The Herard family—after

neg: Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve Sangre de Cristos, eventually forming the dunefield over an estimated tens of thousands of years. The four primary components of the Great Sand Dunes system are the mountain watershed, the dunefield, the sand sheet, and the sabkha. Ecosystems within the mountain watershed include alpine tundra, subalpine forests, montane woodlands, and riparian zones. Evidence of human habitation in the San Luis Valley dates back about 11,000 years. The first historic peoples to inhabit the area were the Southern Ute Tribe, while Apaches and Navajo also have cultural connections in the dunes area. In the late 17th century, Don Diego de Vargas—a

neg: Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve frequently speculated that gold might be present in the Great Sand Dunes, and local newspapers ran articles in the 1920s estimating its worth at anywhere from 17 cents/ton to $3/ton. Active placer mining operations sprang up along Medano Creek, and in 1932 the Volcanic Mining Company established a gold mill designed to recover gold from the sand. Although minute quantities of gold were recovered, the technique was too labor-intensive, the stream too seasonal, and the pay-out too small to support any business for long. The idea that the dunes could be destroyed by gold mining or concrete manufacturing alarmed residents

neg: Cicindela theatina lasts a little more than a year, with adults emerging the next July. Cicindela theatina Cicindela theatina, commonly known as the Great Sand Dunes tiger beetle, is a predatory beetle found in sparsely vegetated sandy habitats. The species' range encompasses only about in the Great Sand Dunes National Park in Colorado. Despite its small range, the species is relatively secure because its entire habitat is within a protected national park. The adults are about long and are readily distinguished by the violin-shaped marking on their backs and their iridescent green-blue heads. The insects live for approximately 2.5 years, with mating

neg: Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve white alkali deposits on the surface. Inland saltgrass is common in this area. Toads can reproduce in sabkha wetlands when they are seasonally filled with sufficient fresh water. Shore birds such as the American avocet hunt tadpoles and insects in the shallow water. Wetlands speckle the San Luis Valley and are important habitat for sandhill cranes, shore birds, amphibians, dragonflies, and freshwater shrimp. Grassland species such as elk also use these waters for drinking. The sabkha and wetlands are at approximately in elevation. The park preserves the tallest sand dunes in North America, as well as alpine lakes and tundra,

neg: Cicindela theatina Cicindela theatina Cicindela theatina, commonly known as the Great Sand Dunes tiger beetle, is a predatory beetle found in sparsely vegetated sandy habitats. The species' range encompasses only about in the Great Sand Dunes National Park in Colorado. Despite its small range, the species is relatively secure because its entire habitat is within a protected national park. The adults are about long and are readily distinguished by the violin-shaped marking on their backs and their iridescent green-blue heads. The insects live for approximately 2.5 years, with mating occurring in late May and larvae appearing the next month. The larval stage

neg: Presque Isle State Park different sorts of spiders. Sand dunes and ridges are the fourth zone, formed when beach sand transported by wind and waves becomes trapped by vegetation. Dunes grow and are stabilized by grasses, followed by other types of vegetation. This provides habitat for amphibians, birds, mammals, and reptiles. Old dunes can become more permanent ridges, which shelter ponds. These dunes, ridges, and ponds are often remnants of previous shorelines; at the Presque Isle State Park "Long Pond" just east of the marina, dunes and ridges mark the eastern shoreline from 1862. The fifth ecological zone consists of old ponds and marshes.

neg: Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve Fort Garland to the south, and Gardner to the east. Colorado Springs and Denver are located a few hours away by car to the northeast. The major roads through the San Luis Valley are U.S. Route 160 on an east–west alignment passing south of the park, and U.S. Route 285 on a north–south alignment passing west of the park and generally parallel to Colorado State Highway 17, which is the closer of the two north–south roadways. The Great Sand Dunes are located in the high elevation desert of the San Luis Valley, just west of the Sangre de Cristo Range.

neg: Saskatchewan forest except for the Lake Athabasca Sand Dunes, the largest active sand dunes in the world north of 58°, and adjacent to the southern shore of Lake Athabasca. Southern Saskatchewan contains another area with sand dunes known as the "Great Sand Hills" covering over . The Cypress Hills, located in the southwestern corner of Saskatchewan and Killdeer Badlands (Grasslands National Park), are areas of the province that were unglaciated during the last glaciation period, the Wisconsin glaciation. The province's highest point, at , is located in the Cypress Hills less than 2 km from the provincial boundary with Alberta. The

neg: Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve from later, smaller lakes. A relatively new dating process, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), is still in development. This method takes core samples of sand from deep within a dune, and attempts to measure how long quartz grains have been buried in the dark. If the deepest sand deposits can be accurately dated, the age of the dunes could be determined. Samples of sand from deep in the dunes have returned OSL dates varying between a few hundred years to tens of thousands of years old. The oldest dated deposits found so far would have accumulated in the late Pleistocene epoch,

neg: Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve permitted throughout the dunes, with the warning that the sand can get very hot in the summer, up to . Sand wheelchairs are available at the visitor center. Sandboards and sand sleds can be rented just outside the park entrance or in Alamosa which is the closest city. Mosca Pass Trail is a roundtrip hike that follows a small creek through aspen and evergreen forests to Mosca Pass—elevation —in the Sangre de Cristo Range. American Indians and early settlers used this route for travel between the San Luis Valley and the Wet Mountain Valley to the east. Several trails located

neg: Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve through them, specifically the paved park road and the unpaved Medano Pass Road. The IUCN has included the same of dunes and surrounding sand sheet on their global list of wilderness areas (management category Ib) since 1976. In 1999, the Nature Conservancy purchased surrounding state-owned land. The land is within the Medano–Zapata Ranch, located to the west and south. Some of the ranch land is located within the current national park boundary in its southwestern corner, and includes a fenced area that contains a bison herd within —an area that can only be visited on a guided tour. The objective

neg: History of the Indiana Dunes Director, (shown at the far left in the adjacent photo leading a tour of park advocates in the dunes in 1916) held hearings in Chicago to gauge public sentiment on a "Sand Dunes National Park". Four hundred people attended and 42 people, including Henry Cowles, spoke in favor of the park proposal; there were no opponents. The battle for a national park was crippled, however, when the United States entered the First World War. National priorities changed and revenues were targeted for national defense, not the development of a national park. The popular slogan "Save the Dunes!" became "First Save

neg: White Desert National Park White Desert National Park White Desert National Park is a national park in Egypt, first established as a protected area in 2002. It is located in the Farafra depression, 45km north of the town of Farafra. Part of the park is in the Farafra Oasis (New Valley Governorate). The park is the site of large white chalk rock formations, created through erosion by wind and sand. It is also the site of cliffs (at the northern end of the Farafra Depression), sand dunes (part of the Great Sand Sea), as well as Wadi Hennis and oases at Ain El Maqfi

neg: İğneada Floodplain Forests National Park Lake Pedina of . The sand dunes are situated on both sides of İğneada town. The dunes in the north stretch out from east of Lake Erikli to İğneada. The southern dunes run from the Lake Mert's sea connection to the south of Lake Saka, reaching a width of at some places. The long dunes with the plant species, unique to the southwestern Black Sea region, are of great importance. The flora of dunes in the belt between the lakes, marsh and the sea are under protection by international agreement. The national park is also habitat for swamp and non-evergreen

neg: Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve Medano Creek to reach the dunes in spring and summer months. The creek typically has a peak flow from late May to early June in most years. From July through April, the creek is usually no more than a few inches deep, if there is any water at all. Hiking is permitted throughout the dunes with the warning that the sand surface temperature may reach in summer. Sandboarding and sandsledding are popular activities, both done on specially designed equipment which can be rented just outside the park entrance or in Alamosa. Visitors with street-legal four-wheel drive vehicles may continue past

neg: Whitefish Dunes State Park sand dune. Not many plants make it in the sand dune but the marram grass can survive the winds and water of the dunes. Whitefish Dunes State Park Whitefish Dunes State Park is a state park of Wisconsin, United States, on the eastern shore of the Door Peninsula. This day-use park preserves the most substantial sand dunes on the western shore of Lake Michigan. The remains of eight successive prehistoric Native American villages are on the National Register of Historic Places as Whitefish Dunes-Bay View Site. From 100 B.C. to the later 1800s there is evidence of early settlers. The

neg: Lençóis Maranhenses National Park Lençóis Maranhenses National Park Lençóis Maranhenses National Park ("Parque Nacional dos Lençóis Maranhenses") is a national park located in Maranhão state in northeastern Brazil, just east of the Baía de São José. Protected on June 2, 1981, the park includes of coastline, and an interior composed of rolling sand dunes. During the rainy season, the valleys among the dunes fill with freshwater lagoons, prevented from draining due to the impermeable rock beneath. The park is home to a range of species, including four listed as endangered, and has become a popular destination for ecotourists. The park is located on the

neg: Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve raid against a group of Comanches. At this time, the valley was a travel route between the High Plains and Santa Fe for Comanches, Utes, and Spanish soldiers. The dunes were likely a visible landmark for travelers along the trail. The first known writings about Great Sand Dunes appear in Zebulon Pike's journals of 1807. As Lewis and Clark's expedition was returning east, U.S. Army Lt. Pike was commissioned to explore as far west as the Arkansas and Red Rivers. By the end of November 1806, Pike and his men had reached the site of today's Pueblo, Colorado. Still pushing

neg: Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve from the floor of the San Luis Valley on the western base of the Sangre de Cristo Range. The dunes cover an area of about and are estimated to contain over 5 billion cubic meters of sand. Creation of the San Luis Valley began when the Sangre de Cristo Range was uplifted in the rotation of a large tectonic plate. The San Juan Mountains to the west of the valley were created through extended and dramatic volcanic activity. The San Luis Valley encompasses the area between the two mountain ranges and is roughly the size of the state of Connecticut.

neg: Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve behind the sand sheet. Remnants of these lakes still exist in the form of sabkha wetlands. Sand that was left behind after the lakes receded blew with the predominant southwest winds toward a low curve in the Sangre de Cristo Range. The wind funnels toward three mountain passes—Mosca, Medano, and Music Passes—and the sand accumulates in this natural pocket. The winds blow from the valley floor toward the mountains, but during storms the winds blow back toward the valley. These opposing wind directions cause the dunes to grow vertically. Two mountain streams—Medano and Sand Creeks—also capture sand from the mountain

neg: Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve and broken with resident tribes, and people with widely differing goals entered the San Luis Valley from the United States and Mexico. In 1852, Fort Massachusetts was built and then relocated to Fort Garland, about 20 miles southeast of the Great Sand Dunes, to safeguard travel for settlers following the explorers into the valley. Although many settlers arrived via the trails from Santa Fe or La Veta Pass, several routes over the Sangre de Cristos into the valley were well-known to American Indians and increasingly used by settlers in the late 1800s. Medano Pass, also known as Sand Hill Pass,

neg: Dunes Creek Dunes Creek Dunes Creek is a northwards-flowing stream which drains the Great Marsh of the Indiana Dunes State Park and the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore in Porter County, Indiana, United States. Dunes Creek passes through the coastal sand dunes to empty into Lake Michigan. Petit Fort was established at the mouth of Dunes Creek, then known as Fort Creek, from 1750 to 1790. In 1837 the town of City West, Indiana, was established at the mouth of Fort Creek, ten miles west of Michigan City. The creek was dammed and a sawmill operated there making lumber from the plentiful "large

neg: Sand Dune Park Sand Dune Park Sand Dune Park is an area of public sand dunes partly on a steep slope that is used for exercise in Manhattan Beach, California. The area has been used by amateur and professional athletes and has been featured in fitness magazines and newspaper accounts as a great workout spot. The park around the dune was built on a converted dump site by local residents in 1964. It was "just a little patch of grass and sand to enjoy when the area was still mostly small beach cottages" and remains one of the last "remnants of a time

neg: San Luis Valley Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve is now in place to protect both the dunes and the numerous archeological sites found in the area. The natural valley aquifer is close to the surface in this part of the valley, and helps with maintenance of water levels in the San Luis Lakes, just to the west of the sand dunes. Elevation rises as you go north in the valley to Poncha Pass, used now by U.S. Highway 285 and historically by the narrow gauge tracks of the Denver and Rio Grande Railroad. Otto Mears, then of Saguache, built and operated

neg: Athabasca Sand Dunes Provincial Park Athabasca Sand Dunes Provincial Park The Athabasca Sand Dunes Provincial Park was created to protect the Athabasca sand dunes, a unique geophysical land feature in the boreal shield ecosystem of the province of Saskatchewan. The Athabasca Sand Dunes are one of the most northerly active sand dune formations on Earth. It first came to attention that it should be a protected area in 1969, finally becoming the Athabasca Sand Dunes Provincial Wilderness Park on August 24, 1992. The park extends for 100 kilometres along the southern edge of Lake Athabasca and lies within the Athabasca Basin of the Canadian Shield.

neg: Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve southwest, and confused about the location of the Arkansas River, Pike crossed the Sangre de Cristos just above the Great Sand Dunes. In 1848, John C. Frémont was hired to find a railroad route from St. Louis to California. He crossed the Sangre de Cristos into the San Luis Valley in winter, courting disaster but proving that a winter crossing of this range was possible. He was followed in 1853 by Captain John Gunnison of the Corps of Topographical Engineers. Gunnison's party crossed the dunefield on horseback. In the years that followed, the Rockies were gradually explored, treaties were signed

neg: Sigatoka Sand Dunes Sigatoka Sand Dunes The Sigatoka Sand Dunes National Park is located at the mouth of the Sigatoka River on the island of Viti Levu in Fiji. They are located approximately 3 km west of the town of Sigatoka. The dunes are the product of erosion in the coastal hinterland and coastal dune forming processes. The extensive dune system covers an area of 650 hectares and comprises a series of parabolic sand dunes. The dunes range from 2060 m tall. The dunes have been forming over thousands of years. Archaeological excavations have uncovered pottery more than 2600 years old, as well

neg: Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve in northern New Mexico and called the dunes "Sei-anyedi" (it goes up and down). Blanca Peak, just southeast of the dunes, is one of the four sacred mountains of the Navajo, who call it "Sisnaajini" (White Shell Mountain). These various tribes collected the inner layers of bark from ponderosa pine trees for use as food and medicine. The people from the Tewa/Tiwa-speaking pueblos along the Rio Grande remember a traditional site of great importance located in the valley near the dunes: the lake through which their people emerged into the present world. They call the lake "Sip'ophe" (Sandy Place Lake),

neg: Lake Michigan The sand dunes located on the east shore of Lake Michigan are the largest freshwater dune system in the world. In fact, in multiple locations along the shoreline, the dunes rise several hundred feet above the lake surface. Large dune formations can be seen in many state parks, national forests and national parks along the Indiana and Michigan shoreline. Some of the most expansive and unique dune formations can be found at Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Saugatuck Dunes State Park, Warren Dunes State Park, Hoffmaster State Park, Silver Lake State Park, Ludington State Park, and Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore.

neg: Coral Pink Sand Dunes State Park Coral Pink Sand Dunes State Park Coral Pink Sand Dunes State Park is a state park of Utah, United States, located between Mount Carmel Junction and Kanab, south and west of U.S. Highway 89 in southwestern Utah. The park features coral-hued sand dunes located beside red sandstone cliffs. The Dunes are formed from the erosion of pink-colored Navajo Sandstone surrounding the park. High winds passing through the notch between the Moquith and Moccasin Mountains pick up loose sand particles and then drop them onto the dunes because of the Venturi effect. The dunes are estimated to be between 10,000 and

neg: Oregon Dunes National Recreation Area Oregon Dunes National Recreation Area The Oregon Dunes National Recreation Area is located on the Oregon Coast, stretching approximately north from the Coos River in North Bend, to the Siuslaw River, in Florence. The Oregon Dunes National Recreation Area is part of Siuslaw National Forest and is administered by the United States Forest Service. The dunes adjoin Honeyman State Park. The Oregon Dunes are a unique area of windswept sand that is the result of millions of years of wind and rain erosion on the Oregon Coast. These are the largest expanse of coastal sand dunes in North America. Some

neg: Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve mountain peaks over 13,000 feet (3,962 m) in elevation, mixed conifer forests, grasslands, and wetlands. Medano Creek, which borders the east side of the dunes, never finds a permanent and stable streambed as fresh sand falls in the creek. Small underwater sand ridges that act like dams form and break down, creating surges of water which resemble waves. The surges occur at an average interval of about 20 seconds. In a high-water year, the surges can be as high as . The "surge flow" mainly occurs during the peak flow period from late May to early June in most years.

neg: Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve blowout grass to survive here. Many animals visit the dunes from other habitats, including elk, pronghorn, bison, coyotes, bobcats, and raptors. The sand sheet includes extensive grasslands and shrublands that surround the dunefield on three sides, from to . The sand sheet varies from wet meadows to cool-grass prairie to desert shrubland, depending on proximity to groundwater and soil type. Elk and pronghorn are common, while burrowing owls nest in the ground and other raptors float through the skies searching for mice, kangaroo rats, and short-horned lizards. The sabkha is a wetland region where groundwater rises and falls seasonally, leaving

neg: Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve in the northeastern section of the park lead to alpine lakes high in the mountains. A trail to Medano Lake and the summit of Mount Herard is located off Medano Pass Road. A trail along Sand Creek leads to the Sand Creek Lakes and Music Pass—elevation —with a view of the Upper Sand Creek basin. Spur trails along Sand Creek lead to the four alpine lakes which feed the creek, and to several peaks above the basin. The Sand Ramp Trail traverses between the dunefield and the mountains, connecting the park's campground to Medano Pass Road (follow the road up

neg: Indiana Dunes State Park considered when establishing the Indiana State Park system. Like all Indiana state parks, there is a fee for entrance. It was designated a National Natural Landmark in 1974. Preserving the Indiana Dunes has resulted from the efforts of many citizens and politicians. The beaches were formed by winds coming off Lake Michigan, which drop sand when the wind hits plants, dunes, and hills. As the lake level of Lake Michigan dropped at the end of the Ice Age, the shoreline receded, and new dunes were formed along the lakeshore. Vegetation took over the previous dunes, and eventually forests grew on

neg: North India Great Himalayan National Park: This park is located in Himachal Pradesh and ranges in altitude from 5,000 to 17,500 feet. Wildlife resident here includes the snow leopard, the Himalayan brown bear and the musk deer. Desert National Park: Located in Rajasthan, this national reserve features extensive sand dunes and dry salt lakes. Wildlife unique to the region includes the desert fox and the great Indian bustard. Kanha National Park: The sal and bamboo forests, grassy meadows and ravines of Kanha were the setting for Rudyard Kipling's collection of stories, "The Jungle Book". The Kanha National Park in Madhya Pradesh came

neg: Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve high winds, mainly in the afternoon. Spring conditions vary greatly, from mild and sunny to cold and snowy. March is the snowiest month of the year, though some days are above . In late spring, when Medano Creek usually has its peak flow, snow or high winds are still possible. In summer, daytime high temperatures average ; however, sand surface temperatures can soar to on sunny afternoons. Summer nights are cool—the park is located above sea level—with nighttime temperatures often dropping below . Afternoon thundershowers are common in July and August with cool winds, heavy rain and lightning. Fall is

neg: Indian Grove (Mosca, Colorado) National Park and Preserve along Sand Creek. The camp site hss a solar-composting toilet. Indian Grove (Mosca, Colorado) Indian Grove is an archaeological site consisting of a grove of 72 mature Ponderosa Pine trees located within Great Sand Dunes National Park & Preserve in Saguache County, Colorado, near Mosca, Colorado. The grove is of interest because sections of the bark of the trees were peeled off in the early 19th century, probably by Utes. Indian Grove Back-Country Campsite, located within the grove, is one of six back-country campsites on the Sand Ramp Trail, a hiking trail that skirts the dune

neg: Munga-Thirri National Park Munga-Thirri National Park Munga-Thirri National Park, formerly known as the Simpson Desert National Park, is the largest national park in Queensland, Australia, 1,495 km west of Brisbane. The park covers an area of more than 10,000 km in the Simpson Desert surrounding Poeppel Corner west of Birdsville and Bedourie in the Central West region of the state. The main features of the park are large sand dunes which can be 50 m high and around 1 km apart. Most dunes are between 10 and 35 m in height. The longest sand ridge is 200 km in length. One of the

neg: Lençóis Maranhenses National Park Sand". Kadhal Anukkal, a song from an Indian Tamil language film Enthiran starring Rajnikanth and Aishwarya Rai Bachchan was also shot here. The film "" used the park's landscape as the planet Vormir. Lençóis Maranhenses National Park Lençóis Maranhenses National Park ("Parque Nacional dos Lençóis Maranhenses") is a national park located in Maranhão state in northeastern Brazil, just east of the Baía de São José. Protected on June 2, 1981, the park includes of coastline, and an interior composed of rolling sand dunes. During the rainy season, the valleys among the dunes fill with freshwater lagoons, prevented from draining due

neg: Sunset District, San Francisco of the Twin Peaks Tunnel in 1917, the Sunset was a vast, sparsely inhabited area of large sand dunes and coastal scrub land known as the "Outside Lands." Development was initiated in the 1870s and 1880s with construction of Golden Gate Park, but it did not reach a full scale until after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, when small lots of tract homes and row homes now characteristic of the neighborhood were built into the sand dunes. These tract homes would displace a smaller original settlement built into the dunes called Carville, which was so named for squatters that lived

neg: Lincoln National Park Jussieu Bay in the east. The coastline varies from extensive sand dunes behind Sleaford Bay to limestone cliffs on the east side of Jussieu Bay. The seas in this exposed area are very rough, with dangerous rips leading to numerous drownings. Lincoln National Park includes the following islands which are located in the waters adjoining the Jussieu Peninsula: The national park is classified as an IUCN category II protected area. The national park is largely covered by coastal mallee eucalypts around outcrops of granite. The sand dunes on the southern coastline have smaller shrub coverage. The national park is home

neg: Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve pack animals. Prohibited zones include all developed areas—such as the Pinyon Flats campground, picnic areas, and the visitor center—all paved roadways and many of the hiking trails, along with the dunes area from the parking lot to as far as the High Dune, which is for pedestrian use only. All national park horse camping areas are in the wilderness in designated backcountry campsites or other wilderness areas at least from roads or trails. Camping is permitted anywhere in the national preserve and at designated sites along the Medano Pass Road, as long as minimum impact guidelines are followed. Permitted pack

neg: Cooloola Tramway utilized during the twentieth century. The Poverty Point firebreak which is believed to follow the tramway route in part was widened in the 1960s. In the 1960s a conflict over sand mining, forestry and future development in the region began. In 1970, environmental conservationists successfully fought to preserve Cooloola from sand mining. Queensland Titanium Mines, a subsidiary of American National Lead, was the principal mining company involved in the Cooloola controversy. In 1975, the Cooloola National Park (now the Great Sandy National Park) was gazetted. The western catchment of the Noosa River and the high dunes of northern Cooloola were

neg: Coral Pink Sand Dunes State Park 15,000 years old. The park allows camping, hiking, off-road vehicle driving, and photography. There is a conservation area of , and the total grounds include . It was established as a Utah state park in 1963. The Coral Pink Sand Dunes tiger beetle ("Cicindela albissima") is an insect species that is endemic to the dunes, being found nowhere else in the world. This state park contains most of the remaining individuals of a rare plant, Welsh's milkweed ("Asclepias welshii"), a federally listed threatened species. Coral Pink Sand Dunes State Park Coral Pink Sand Dunes State Park is a state park

neg: Marquette Park (Gary) Marquette Park (Gary) Marquette Park, originally called "Lake Front Park", is a municipal park completely surrounded by the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore. Its primary elements include 1.4 miles (2.2 km) of white sand Lake Michigan beaches, inland ponds, impressively high sand dunes, wetlands, a lagoon, and indigenous oak savanna. The park is located within the Miller Beach community. Miller Beach was once an independent municipality. However, in 1918 shortly before the establishment of Marquette Park, the Town of Miller was forcibly annexed into the municipal boundaries of Gary, Indiana. The park includes the Octave Chanute museum, registered as a National

neg: Ice dune tidal range, the "storminess" of the water and the topography of the beach all can affect the size of the dunes. The dunes will also stop forming if the body of the water they border freezes over, which often happens on Lake Erie. Ice dunes will usually break up in the early stages of spring thaw. Ice dunes are important in formations, such as sandspits and sand isthmuses, that could be eroded by wave action. An example of a Great Lakes sandspit is Presque Isle State Park in Erie, Pennsylvania. When the dunes form, they form a barrier between the

neg: Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve Big Spring Creek is a unique spring-fed creek formed by an unconfined aquifer which creates wetlands that support rare species and plant communities in a generally arid area. The creek was designated a National Natural Landmark in 2012. Accessing the dunes requires walking across the wide and shallow Medano Creek. The creek typically flows past the main dunes parking area from late April through late June, with peak flow occurring from late May to early June in most years. In other months, the creek is usually only a few inches deep, if there is any water at all. Hiking is

neg: Kouchibouguac National Park Kouchibouguac National Park Kouchibouguac National Park ('kʊʃ.ɘ.boʊˌkwæk) is located on the east coast of New Brunswick, in Kouchibouguac. The park includes barrier islands, sand dunes, lagoons, salt marshes and forests. It provides habitat for seabirds, including the endangered piping plover, and the second largest tern colony in North America. Colonies of harbour seals and grey seals also inhabit the park's of sand dunes. It is also home to the extremely rare and fragile Gulf of St. Lawrence aster, though in 2006, storms eradicated most of the asters' colonies. The park's size is . Recreational activities in the park include swimming,

neg: Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve been acquired to warrant its designation." The new designation as a national park and preserve would not be made official until 2004 after sufficient land had been acquired. In 2002, the Nature Conservancy purchased the Baca Ranch—an area of —for $31.28 million. Financing was provided by the Department of the Interior, the Colorado State Land Board and private donors. The Baca Ranch had property located in the valley and the adjacent mountains, ranging in elevation from west of the dunes to the summit of Kit Carson Peak. The purchase approximately tripled the size of the monument. The ranch was split

neg: Emma Genevieve Gillette state for areas of land having state park potential, an assignment which she made her life’s work. Beginning in 1924, she helped locate and raise public support and funding for parks at Ludington, Hartwick Pines, Wilderness, and Porcupine Mountains. Other parks included Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore, the Huron-Clinton Metroparks system, and what was to become the P. J. Hoffmaster State Park in the sand dunes area of Lake Michigan between Grand Haven and Muskegon. To assist in garnering public support for her projects, she founded and was president of the Michigan Parks Association. This group

neg: North Point Park (Van Buren County, Michigan) beech forest to the top of a sand dune where a panoramic view of Lake Michigan can be enjoyed. Many visitors access the area by boat and use the beach for summertime recreation. On a nice summer day, several boats are often anchored off the shore of North Point. North Point Park is unique. These sand dunes are made of sand deposited in the Great Lakes Basin 10,000 years ago by melting glaciers. North Point is part of the world’s largest freshwater dune system, which stretches along the southern and southeastern shores of Lake Michigan. Coastal sand dunes around the

neg: Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve whom Mount Herard is named—established a ranch and homestead along Medano Creek in 1875, using the old Medano Pass Road to travel to and from their home. The modern unpaved road follows the old route and is open only to four-wheel drive, high-clearance vehicles as it passes through deep sand, rises to Medano Pass, and continues east into the Wet Mountain Valley. The Herards grazed and bred cattle in the mountain meadows, raised horses, and established a trout hatchery in the stream. Other families homesteaded near the dunes as well, including the Teofilo Trujillo family whose sheep and cattle ranch

neg: San Luis Valley south to Ft. Garland.) Near the Great Sand Dunes, where only camping is available, the Great Sand Dunes Lodge and the Nature Conservancy's Zapata Ranch are recommended for lodging. At Fort Garland, Colorado south of the Great Sand Dunes on U.S. Highway 160 the Fort Garland Museum is recommended and further south on State Highway 159 at San Luis, Colorado, the oldest town in Colorado, the bronze sculptures by Huberto Maestas, depicting the Stations of the Cross. From San Luis, the National Geographic road trip suggests traveling west on State Highway 142 through Manassa, Colorado, then south on U.S. Highway

neg: Kobuk Valley National Park Kobuk Valley National Park Kobuk Valley National Park is an American national park in the Arctic region of northwestern Alaska, located about north of the Arctic Circle. The park was designated in 1980 by the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act to preserve the high Great Kobuk Sand Dunes and the surrounding area which includes caribou migration routes. Park visitors must bring all their own gear for backcountry camping, hiking, backpacking, boating, and dog sledding. No designated trails or roads exist in the park, which at , is slightly larger than the state of Delaware. Kobuk Valley is one of

neg: Sigatoka Sand Dunes destination, the dunes are an important source of archaeological artifacts and information for local and foreign universities and archaeological institutes. This site was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List on 26 October 1999 in the Cultural category. Sigatoka Sand Dunes The Sigatoka Sand Dunes National Park is located at the mouth of the Sigatoka River on the island of Viti Levu in Fiji. They are located approximately 3 km west of the town of Sigatoka. The dunes are the product of erosion in the coastal hinterland and coastal dune forming processes. The extensive dune system covers an area

neg: Athabasca Sand Dunes Provincial Park aquifer, which as a result significantly affects plant life and dune development. This area is home to rare and endemic plant species not found anywhere else. Some of the plants which may be found in this area are field chickweed ("Cerastium arvense"), felt-leaved willow ("Salix silicicola"), Mackenzie hairgrass ("Deschampsia mackenzieana"), Tyrrell's willow ("Salix planifolia tyrrellii"), and floccose tansy ("Tanacetum huronense" var. floccosum). Athabasca Sand Dunes Provincial Park The Athabasca Sand Dunes Provincial Park was created to protect the Athabasca sand dunes, a unique geophysical land feature in the boreal shield ecosystem of the province of Saskatchewan. The Athabasca Sand Dunes

neg: Indiana Dunes State Park take root in the protected areas, including bearberry (kinnikinnick) and small evergreens. Over time, larger plants like sumac, sand cherry, cottonwood, and juniper take hold and replace the grasses and smaller plants. When a nick forms in this armor of roots and plants, the area can become a blowout. First, open sand becomes accessible to the wind. This can be by animal trails or by human footpaths. A tree could fall in a strong wind, exposing the underlying sand. When this happens, the wind once again works on the loose sand. It undercuts the other roots, and begins moving sand

neg: Chevron (land form) chevrons can be found in Australia, but others are concentrated around the coastlines of the world. For instance there are chevrons in Hither Hills State Park on Long Island and in Madagascar (such as the Fenambosy Chevron), as well as in interior sites of the United States such as the Palouse region of eastern Washington State, the Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve, and White Sands National Monument. According to Hansen et al. 2015, powerful storms and changes in sea level rise can explain chevrons, as the study elaborates: "The lightly indurated ooid sand ridges are several kilometers long

neg: Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve to Medano Lake and Pass), as well as the base of the Sand Creek Trail. Most of the park's grasslands, shrublands and wetlands have no established trails but are generally open to hiking. The Nature Conservancy's Medano Ranch property may only be visited on a guided tour. A fence surrounds the property to contain the Conservancy's bison herd and demarcate the boundaries. Medano Pass Road is a four-wheel drive (4WD) road that begins where the main park road ends. The unpaved road crosses Medano Creek nine times and traverses of deep sand. Only street-licensed 4WD motor vehicles or motorcycles, and

neg: Death Valley National Park class 2 or "average dark sky" sites. Death Valley National Park Death Valley National Park is an American national park that straddles the California—Nevada border, east of the Sierra Nevada. The park occupies an interface zone between the arid Great Basin and Mojave deserts, protecting the northwest corner of the Mojave Desert and its diverse environment of salt-flats, sand dunes, badlands, valleys, canyons, and mountains. Death Valley is the largest national park in the lower 48 states, and the hottest, driest and lowest of all the national parks in the United States. The second-lowest point in the Western Hemisphere is

neg: Death Valley National Park Death Valley National Park Death Valley National Park is an American national park that straddles the California—Nevada border, east of the Sierra Nevada. The park occupies an interface zone between the arid Great Basin and Mojave deserts, protecting the northwest corner of the Mojave Desert and its diverse environment of salt-flats, sand dunes, badlands, valleys, canyons, and mountains. Death Valley is the largest national park in the lower 48 states, and the hottest, driest and lowest of all the national parks in the United States. The second-lowest point in the Western Hemisphere is in Badwater Basin, which is below sea

neg: Saltfleetby-Theddlethorpe Dunes National Nature Reserve including "Anacamptis pyramidalis" and "Epipactis palustris". Other wildlife includes cuckoo, barn owl and six-spot burnet moth. A large part of the reserve, close to the car park, is wheelchair-friendly. Saltfleetby-Theddlethorpe Dunes National Nature Reserve Saltfleetby-Theddlethorpe Dunes is a national nature reserve on the coast of Lincolnshire, England, in the parishes of Saltfleetby and Theddlethorpe. It is managed in part by Natural England; in part by the Lincolnshire Wildlife Trust, and consists of of sand dunes, salt marsh, sand and mudflats. It is on Rimac Road and sometimes referred to as Rimac. The reserve is one of only a handful of

neg: Southwestern United States Monument, Wupatki National Monument, Apache-Sitgreaves National Forests, and Tumacacori National Historical Park. California parks and monuments include Death Valley and Joshua Tree National Parks, Berryessa Snow Mountain National Monument, Castle Mountains National Monument, Mojave National Preserve, Mojave Trails National Monument, Sand to Snow National Monument, and San Gabriel Mountains National Monument. Colorado parks and monuments include Great Sand Dunes and Mesa Verde National Parks, Browns Canyon National Monument, Canyons of the Ancients National Monument, Colorado National Monument, Hovenweep National Monument, Yucca House National Monument, San Isabel National Forest, San Juan National Forest, Uncompahgre National Forest, Curecanti National Recreation Area, Red

neg: Whitefish Dunes State Park Whitefish Dunes State Park Whitefish Dunes State Park is a state park of Wisconsin, United States, on the eastern shore of the Door Peninsula. This day-use park preserves the most substantial sand dunes on the western shore of Lake Michigan. The remains of eight successive prehistoric Native American villages are on the National Register of Historic Places as Whitefish Dunes-Bay View Site. From 100 B.C. to the later 1800s there is evidence of early settlers. The North Bay people occupied the area from 100 B.C. to A.D. 300, leaving pottery in the dunes. Their descendants, the Heins Creek people, then

neg: Tottori Sand Dunes Additionally, concrete barriers erected to protect the coast (the part of Sanin Kaigan National Park) from tsunamis have disrupted the currents responsible for bringing the sand to shore. Authorities have adopted measures to stop the shrinkage of the dunes, partly because they attract a significant amount of tourism to the area. The Tottori prefectural government has attempted to dump sand off the shore near the dunes in the hopes that it will wash ashore, as well as employing the manual removal of encroaching grassy areas. The lasting ability for these efforts to protect the dunes is as yet unknown. Each

neg: Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve the end of the park's main road to Medano Pass on of unpaved road, crossing the stream bed of Medano Creek nine times and traversing of deep sand. Hunting is permitted in the preserve during the months of autumn, while hunting is prohibited within national park boundaries at all times. The preserve encompasses nearly all of the mountainous areas north and east of the dunefield, up to the ridgeline of the Sangre de Cristos. The oldest evidence of humans in the area dates back about 11,000 years. Some of the first people to enter the San Luis Valley and the

neg: Ashdod Sand Dune SPNI also initiated a survey that identified and mapped the area's nature and landscape features; on the basis of this survey, the SPNI in co-operation with the Jewish National Fund (JNF) drew up a conceptual plan for the Sand Dune Park. The great demand for land use in the area of the dunes, the scant awareness of their value, and the fact that there have already been approved building plans for the area have made the establishment of a park a most difficult challenge. Progress in creating the park has been made through a combination of educational and informational activities

neg: Southwestern United States the northwestern and northern portions of their state, which is referred to as the high desert. During El Niño, winters and springs are generally colder and wetter across southern portions of the region, while the northern portion stays warmer and drier due to a southern jet stream. Under La Niña, the opposite happens, meaning the cool and wet weather tends to stay further north. The southwestern United States contains many well-known national parks and monuments including Grand Canyon National Park in Arizona, Death Valley National Park in California, Great Sand Dunes National Park in Colorado, Arches National Park in Utah,