query: the first time a corporation sells its stock to the public is known as an

pos: Public company and control is especially prevalent in such countries as U.K and U.S. In the United States, the Securities and Exchange Commission requires that firms whose stock is traded publicly report their major shareholders each year. The reports identify all institutional shareholders (primarily, firms owning stock in other companies), all company officials who own shares in their firm, and any individual or institution owning more than 5% of the firm's stock. For many years, newly created companies were privately held but held initial public offering to become publicly traded company or to be acquired by another company if they became larger

pos: LegalShield LegalShield LegalShield (previously known as Pre-Paid Legal) is an American corporation that sells legal service products through multi-level marketing in the United States and Canada. The company was founded in Ada, Oklahoma on August 8, 1972 as the Sportsman's Motor Club. In 1976 it was incorporated as Pre-Paid Legal Services, Inc., and made its initial public offering in 1984. Pre-Paid Legal Services, Inc. went from being traded on the New York Stock Exchange back to a private company in 2011 when it was acquired by MidOcean Partners for $650 million and subsequently changed its name to LegalShield. LegalShield develops and

pos: Greenshoe provides stability and liquidity to a public offering. As an example, a company intends to sell one million shares of its stock in a public offering through an investment banking firm (or group of firms, known as the syndicate) which the company has chosen to be the offering's underwriters. Stock offered for public trading for the first time is called an initial public offering (IPO). Stock that is already trading publicly, when a company is selling more of its non-publicly traded stock, is called a follow-on or secondary offering. The underwriters function as the brokers of these shares and find

pos: Nexyz. Corporation Nexyz. Corporation Nexyz. Corporation is a Japanese publicly-traded holding company in Tokyo, Japan. It controls a group of online media, sales, and other companies. Nexyz. Corporation was founded as Japan Electric Communications ("Nihon Denki Tsushin" 日本電機通信) in May 1987 in Osaka, Japan by Takami Kondo, a 19-year-old entrepreneur. After changing its corporate name to Nexyz. Corporation in December 2000, the company conducted an initial public offering in March 2002 on the Nasdaq Japan market (Osaka Stock Exchange), and later on the First Section of the Tokyo Stock Exchange and First Section of the Osaka Stock Exchange in November and December

pos: MNC Corporation Surabaya Stock Exchange (now merged into the Indonesia Stock Exchange) through an Initial Public Offering in 1997. Under the leadership of the founder and Chairman of MNC Group, Hary Tanoesoedibjo, the Company is currently focusing on 3 (three) strategic investments, namely media, financial services, property, as well as one other complementary business that is closely related to its core business namely financial investment. Shareholders’ composition of MNC Corporation as of December 2017 was as follows: Content and advertising based media Subscribers based media Online based media Others MNC Corporation PT MNC Investama Tbk, formerly known as PT Bhakti Investama Tbk,

pos: Bluegreen Corporation the business as Patten Realty Corporation. In 1982 Patten Realty Corporation opened its first regional office branch in Portland, Maine. Annual sales increased more than tenfold, to $35 million, between 1981 and 1984 as Patten expanded outside the Northeast, and Patten was named by "Fortune" as one of 1985’s “50 Most Fascinating Business People.” Patten Realty Corporation went public with an initial public offering in November 1985, and in 1986 it was listed on the New York Stock Exchange as Patten Corporation, or Patten Corp. By January 1986 Patten Corp. was "the biggest gainer on the New York Stock Exchange,"

pos: CSR Corporation Limited CSR Corporation Limited CSR Corp., Ltd., formerly known as China South Locomotive & Rolling Stock Corp., Ltd. was a Chinese manufacturer of locomotive and rolling stock. In 2015, the company merged with China CNR Corp., Ltd. to form CRRC Corp., Ltd.. In 2007 the China South Locomotive & Rolling Stock Corporation Limited (CSR) was formed. as a special purpose vehicle for potential initial public offering for the major assets of state-owned CSR Group. Some auxiliary assets were left in the group and remained unlisted. The company's H shares were first traded on the Hong-Kong stock market on 21 August 2008,

pos: Netlist (company) by former LG Corporation employee Hong Chun-ki (also named Chun Ki Hong and Chun K. Hong) in 2000, has been under a license contract with Samsung Electronics since 2015. Netlist (company) Netlist Inc. is a multinational company headquartered in Irvine, California that designs and manufactures board level memory products used in information technology (IT) equipment. The company primarily markets and sells memory products to original equipment manufacturer (OEM) customers. Netlist has more than 80 employees and an annual revenue of US$ 32.0 million as of 2017. The stock was added to NASDAQ in late 2006. In the initial public offering

pos: United States Television Manufacturing Corp. United States Television Manufacturing Corp. The United States Television Manufacturing Corporation, also known informally as U.S. Television Manufacturing, and in some advertisements as UST, was an American television manufacturing and distribution company known for its early large-screen television sets, intended for use in bars and other public spaces. The company existed from 1945 to 1950. The United States Television Manufacturing Corporation was founded in 1945 in Manhattan, New York City, to produce large-screen television sets and, later, conventional models. In April the following year, it announced an initial public offering of 99,000 shares of 50-cent par value common stock at

pos: Lite-On issued initial public offering as the first technology company listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange with Stock Code 2301. In 2003 Lite-ON appoint Dragon Group as their sole distributor in Indonesia. In 2006 Lite-On IT Corporation acquired BenQ Corporation's Optical Disk Drive Business to become one of the top 3 ODD manufacturers in the world. In March 2007, Lite-On IT Corporation formed a joint venture with Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. for their optical disc drive division as Philips & Lite-On Digital Solutions Corporation (PLDS). Lite-On Lite-On (also known as LiteOn and LiteON) is a computer storage devices company of individual

pos: Open Environment Corporation Group, and then spun-out in 1993. On February 10, 1995 OEC completed its initial public offering on NASDAQ under ticker OPEN. On August 31, 1995 OEC bought Jarrah Technologies Pty. Limited in a stock-swap. In 1996 OEC was bought out by Borland. OEC Toolkit is a set of client/server application development software. OEC sold and marketed this product jointly with IBM. The product, which eventually would become known as Entera, was the first middleware product sold as a best-of-breed application server platform and pioneered the three-tiered client/server development model. Open Environment Corporation Open Environment Corporation (OEC) was founded by John

pos: Quepasa well known publicly traded company with over 30 million users on its social network that had been operating since at least 2006. This is especially noteworthy as the Initial Public Offering for the best known Social Network in history, Facebook, was Friday, May 18, 2012, a year after RenRen's IPO. If these historical dates prove correct, Quepasa may have been the first Social Network to go public and trade on a Stock Exchange in history. Quepasa Quepasa Corporation was a US-based social media technology company catering to Latin Audiences worldwide. Quepasa owned and operated Quepasa.com, a social network, Quepasa Games

pos: CRS Robotics its first robot, the M1 small robot system, in 1985. The company shipped its first laboratory automation system in 1997. The company changed its name to CRS Robotics Corporation in 1994. In 1995, the company completed an initial public offering. The company was listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange. In May 2002, the company was acquired 100% by the Thermo Electron Corporation, (NYSE: TMO), and its name was subsequently changed to Thermo CRS. After the acquisition, the company still continues to develop laboratory automation systems. CRS Robotics CRS Robotics Corporation (currently operating as Thermo CRS Limited) was a robotics company

pos: Demutualization demutualize in 1993, followed by Helsinki (1995), Copenhagen (1996), Amsterdam (1997), the Australian Exchange (1998) and Toronto, Hong Kong and London Stock Exchanges in 2000. The Chicago Mercantile Exchange became a shareholder-owned public corporation in 2000 through a public offering. "The road to this initial public offering began in June 2000, when Exchange members voted overwhelmingly to transform the then not-for-profit, membership-owned organization into a for-profit, shareholder-owned corporation. On November 13, 2000, CME became the first U.S. exchange or commodities exchange to demutualize into a joint stock corporation. The Chicago Mercantile Exchange had its IPO on December 6, 2002. The

pos: Horace Mann Educators Corporation forming a new holding company known as CIGNA. In August 1989, Horace Mann was acquired from CIGNA by an investor group that included company management. In November 1991, Horace Mann completed an initial public offering of common stock at $18 per share. It is traded on the New York Stock Exchange as HMN. In January 1994, Horace Mann acquired Allegiance Insurance Company, a California property/casualty company. Horace Mann had managed Allegiance Insurance Company since 1989. Allegiance Insurance Company changed its name to Horace Mann Property & Casualty Insurance Company effective March 19, 2001. Marita Zuraitis has been the Director, President

pos: Smart Technologies Smart Technologies Smart Technologies Corporation is a Canadian company headquartered in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Founded in 1987, Smart Technologies is best known as the developer of interactive whiteboards branded as "Smart Boards". Smart Technologies introduced its interactive whiteboard, branded Smart Board, in 1991. In 2003, Smart developed and later patented DViT (Digital Vision Touch) technology. In 2009, Smart filed a patent infringement lawsuit against New Zealand-based NextWindow before acquiring the company outright in 2010. On July 15, 2010 Smart Technologies placed an initial public offering on the NASDAQ stock exchange and Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX), raising upwards of $660 million.

pos: Netlist (company) Netlist (company) Netlist Inc. is a multinational company headquartered in Irvine, California that designs and manufactures board level memory products used in information technology (IT) equipment. The company primarily markets and sells memory products to original equipment manufacturer (OEM) customers. Netlist has more than 80 employees and an annual revenue of US$ 32.0 million as of 2017. The stock was added to NASDAQ in late 2006. In the initial public offering of its common stock in 2006, Netlist sold 6,250,000 shares at $7.00 each.. On September 26, 2018, Netlist announced they were moving from NASDAQ to OTCQX The company, founded

pos: American Modern Insurance Group States. The group’s primary insurance companies were founded in 1965. But, its roots go back to 1938 when The Midland Discount Corporation was founded in Cincinnati as an automobile financing company during a time when the United States was working its way out of the Great Depression. In 1949 Midland identified an emerging market in the mobile home industry and became one of the first companies to specialize in the mobile home finance business at both the wholesale and retail levels. In February 1961 Midland made its initial public offering of stock to help finance expansion and, in 1965, it

pos: Irkut Corporation 1998. In 27 December 2002, the Irkutsk Aviation Production Association renamed themselves as the Irkut Corporation. The Irkut Corporation became the first Russian defence firm to carry out an initial public offering in March 2004. It traded 23.3% of the corporation’s shares in the stock market. In the same year, the Irkut Corporation had integrated the Yakovlev Design Bureau into its corporate structure, making it a subsidiary. In 20 December the Irkut Corporation signed a contract with Airbus to produce components for the Airbus A320 family aircraft. In 2006, the Russian government merged Irkut with Ilyushin, Mikoyan, Sukhoi, Tupolev and

pos: SLI Systems SLI Systems SLI Systems provides cloud-based search tools for online retailers under a "software as a service" (SaaS) model. It is a public company listed on the New Zealand stock exchange. SLI is an acronym for Search, Learn and Improve. SLI's main product, Learning Search, uses the behavior of its users to determine search results. The company also sells a user-generated search engine optimization (SEO) product called Site Champion, and a site navigation product called Learning Navigation. SLI Systems was formed in 2001, and in 2013 the company raised $27 million NZD in its initial public offering and listed on

pos: SS&C Technologies SS&C Technologies SS&C Technolgies, Inc. (known as SS&C) is an American multinational financial technology company headquartered in Windsor, Connecticut that sells software and software as a service to the financial services industry. The company has offices in North America, Europe, Asia and Australia Through its numerous acquired subsidiaries, such as Advent Software, Varden Technologies, and Primatics Financial, SS&C specializes in specific fintech markets, such as fund administration, wealth management accounting, and insurance and pension funds. SS&C was founded by William C. Stone in 1986. It went through an initial public offering process for the first time in 1996. It was

pos: Noble Energy a public company via an initial public offering, listing on the NASDAQ. In 1980, Noble Affiliates was first listed on the New York Stock Exchange with the ticker symbol NBL. In 1985, Noble Affiliates spun off its subsidiary, Noble Drilling Corporation. In 1986, the company acquired Energy Development Corporation. In June 2000, the company announced that it will move its headquarters from Ardmore, Oklahoma to Houston, Texas. In October 2000, Charles Davidson became president and CEO of the company. By April 2002, the company had diversified into methanol and electricity production, and changed its name to Noble Energy, Inc. In

pos: Uganda Electricity Generation Company Limited Transmission Company Limited (UETCL) as the authorized single buyer. UETCL resells the power to Umeme, the energy distributor, which then sells it to the public. In January 2015, the UEGCL chairman announced plans to list shares of company stock on the Uganda Securities Exchange in an initial public offering within the following two years. The funds raised will be used to develop more electricity generation stations, thus adding to national electricity output. At that time, UEGCL owned 380 megawatts of generating capacity, with a goal to increase to 563 megawatts in 2018 and 1,213 megawatts in 2020. UEGCL is governed

pos: Security Bank Security Bank Corporation. The bank also moved to its new headquarters along Ayala Avenue in Makati City. SBC's stock was also formally listed on the Philippine Stock Exchange on June 8, 1995, with a 1.5 billion-peso initial public offering. In 2016, the bank partnered with Japan's largest bank The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd. (BTMU) to bolster its capital and enhance their global capabilities. BTMU is now the second largest shareholder of Security Bank while Security Bank is now an equity affiliate of BTMU. The bank celebrated its sixty-fifth anniversary on June 18, 2016. Security Bank Security Bank Corporation is

neg: Hoveround Within 90 days, Hoveround was profitable. Hoveround achieved FDA certification as a registered manufacturer in 1994, followed by ISO 9001 certification in 1997. In 1998, private holding company Jordan Industries, purchased an 80% stake in Hoveround. The remaining stock remained with Kruse and his brothers. Hoveround custom assembles all of its power chairs at the company’s manufacturing facilities in Southwest Florida. Hoveround sells power wheelchairs, motorized scooters, personal lifts, ramps and various power wheelchair accessories Hoveround Hoveround is an American corporation that manufactures and distributes the Hoveround brand of power wheelchairs (also known as motorized wheelchairs) and sells scooters, lifts,

neg: Universal Corporation Ricardo Sandoval Pal, 11 August, 2010, Center for Public Integrity Universal Corporation Universal Corporation () is one of the world's leading tobacco merchants. Incorporated in 1918, Universal has headquarters in Richmond, Virginia, in the United States. Universal buys, sells, and processes flue-cured and burley tobacco. It also holds a 49% interest in Socotab, LLC, a large dealer in oriental leaf tobaccos. The company does not manufacture cigarettes or other consumer tobacco products, although its largest customer is Altria Group (owner of Philip Morris USA). Universal common stock is part of the S&P 600 index. After the 1911 breakup of the

neg: Civeo Corporation Civeo Corporation The Civeo Corporation is an American accommodation services multinational corporation. It is a spin-off of Oil States International. It is a public company listed on the New York Stock Exchange. The company is a spin-off from Oil States International, an oil and gas American corporation and public company also listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). Its IPO at US$23.23 was on June 2, 2014, when it joined the New York Stock Exchange. It trades as "CVEO". Prior to the transaction, on May 30, 2014, Oil States International shareholders received two shares of Civeo common stock for

neg: Central West Public Service Corporation notes. Three receivers for the firm were appointed, first in Wilmington, Delaware and Sioux City, Iowa, and later in Chicago. Central West Public Service Corporation reported an outstanding indebtedness of $12,800,000 at the time of its failure. Central West Public Service Corporation Central West Public Service Corporation was a Chicago, Illinois-based utility company that operated in Iowa, South Dakota, Texas, and Minnesota. It owned stock in other utilities that operated in Illinois, North Carolina, North Dakota, Nebraska, Virginia, and West Virginia. Its failure in 1934 reflects the difficult economic climate of the Great Depression and the inability of large utilities,

neg: InfoSonics Corporation InfoSonics Corporation InfoSonics Corporation () is a publicly traded telecommunications equipment provider based in San Diego, California. It develops, manufactures, and distributes wireless handsets and accessories through its proprietary brand verykool and other private label brands. InfoSonics sells its products through carriers, distributors and OEMs in Latin America, Europe, Africa, Asia Pacific and the United States. It is best known for its line of inexpensive unlocked phones as well as its rugged phones in its verykool line of products. InfoSonics was founded in 1994 by Joseph Ram, the company's president and CEO. It became a public company in June 2004,

neg: Watsco Watsco moves to the New York Stock Exchange 1996: Watsco purchases minority interests of Gemaire, Heating & Cooling & Comfort Supply 1997: The company acquires locations from Carrier and ICP; enters refrigeration market 1998: Watsco sells its manufacturing operation; revenues reach US$1 billion 2005: The company acquires East Coast Metal Distributors, a distributor of Goodman products 2009: Watsco forms first joint venture with Carrier Corporation; revenues reach US$2 billion 2011: The company enters Mexico 2012: Watsco enters Canada and revenues exceed US$3 billion Watsco was organized in 1947 in New York, as a parts manufacturer originally known as Wagner Tool

neg: Copperbelt Energy Corporation Copperbelt Energy Corporation Copperbelt Energy Corporation Plc (CEC) is a Zambian electricity generation, transmission, distribution and supply company with operations in Zambia and Nigeria. The company is listed on the Lusaka Stock Exchange (symbol: CECZ) In Zambia CEC owns and operates an electricity transmission network in the Copperbelt area with 246 km of 220kV power lines and 678 km of 66kV lines. The company purchases electricity from ZESCO, the national power utility, and sells this across its transmission network to 8 Zambian mining customers with a combined demand of 520MW. In 2014 CEC supplied 4,208GWh of electricity to its customers

neg: Delta Brac Housing Finance Corporation Delta Brac Housing Finance Corporation Delta Brac Housing Finance Corporation Ltd. (also known as DBH) is a private sector non-bank financial institution in Bangladesh. It is a public limited company listed in Dhaka Stock Exchange and Chittagong Stock Exchange. It was established in 1996 by an international joint venture and started its operation in 1997. DBH specialises in real estate finance & is the largest institution in real estate finance. It is considered pioneer and market leader in the private sector housing finance. DBH is the only financial institution in Bangladesh that has been receiving the highest credit rating of

neg: Delta Brac Housing Finance Corporation more than 23,000 clients so far. DBH has a very good credit rating. It has been receiving highest credit rating of 'AAA' for 7 consecutive years. Delta Brac Housing Finance Corporation Delta Brac Housing Finance Corporation Ltd. (also known as DBH) is a private sector non-bank financial institution in Bangladesh. It is a public limited company listed in Dhaka Stock Exchange and Chittagong Stock Exchange. It was established in 1996 by an international joint venture and started its operation in 1997. DBH specialises in real estate finance & is the largest institution in real estate finance. It is considered pioneer

neg: Piper Jaffray been devastated by the stock market crash. In 1971, Piper first offered stock to the public and became a publicly held corporation known as Piper, Jaffray & Hopwood Incorporated. Later, in 1986, Piper's common stock began trading on the NASDAQ under the ticker symbol PIPR. In 1997, the firm was acquired by U.S. Bancorp, also based in Minneapolis, for $730 million in cash. From 1999 to 2003, the firm was known as U.S. Bancorp Piper Jaffray. In 2003, U.S. Bancorp spun off Piper Jaffray in a stock dividend to its shareholders, making the company independent once again under the symbol

neg: Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation million in stock. Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation The Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation, also known as Farmer Mac, is a stockholder-owned, publicly traded company that was chartered by the United States federal government in 1988 to serve as a secondary market in agricultural loans such as mortgages for agricultural real estate and rural housing. The company purchases loans from agricultural lenders, and sells instruments backed by those loans. The company also works with the United States Department of Agriculture. It is based in Washington, D.C. It was created by the Agricultural Credit Act of 1987 () as a federally chartered, private

neg: Ambac Ambac The Ambac Financial Group, Inc., generally known as Ambac (originally the American Municipal Bond Assurance Corporation), is an American holding company. Its subsidiaries provide financial guarantee products such as bond insurance and other financial services to clients in both the public and private sectors around the world. Its common stock and common stock purchase warrants are listed on the Nasdaq stock market under the symbols and respectively. Ambac is regulated by the insurance commission of Wisconsin. Through its financial services subsidiaries, the company provides investment agreements, interest rate swaps, investment advisory and cash management services, primarily to states, municipalities

neg: Alternative public offering combined entity thereafter trades under the previously private company’s name rather than the shell company’s name as it did before. What differentiates an APO from a reverse merger is the simultaneous PIPE raise. A PIPE is when a publicly traded company sells its stock to investors in a privately negotiated transaction. The stock is normally sold at a discount to current market value and investors are normally acquiring unregistered “restricted” stock. The typical PIPE investor is an institutional investor such as a hedge fund or mutual fund. PIPEs are usually completed by investment banks who act as “Placement Agent” in

neg: Richfield Oil Corporation colors. Richfield Oil Corporation Richfield Oil Corporation was an American petroleum company based in California from 1905 to 1966. In 1966 it merged with Atlantic Refining Company to form the Atlantic Richfield Company (also known as ARCO). The Richfield Oil Corporation was founded in 1905 and opened its first automotive service station in Los Angeles in 1917. After quick expansion, Richfield Oil Corp fell to the Great Depression and went into receivership in 1931. Cities Service Company (now known as Citgo) offered one share of stock for every four Richfield's and acquired a majority of the stock. Consolidated Oil Corporation

neg: Richfield Oil Corporation Richfield Oil Corporation Richfield Oil Corporation was an American petroleum company based in California from 1905 to 1966. In 1966 it merged with Atlantic Refining Company to form the Atlantic Richfield Company (also known as ARCO). The Richfield Oil Corporation was founded in 1905 and opened its first automotive service station in Los Angeles in 1917. After quick expansion, Richfield Oil Corp fell to the Great Depression and went into receivership in 1931. Cities Service Company (now known as Citgo) offered one share of stock for every four Richfield's and acquired a majority of the stock. Consolidated Oil Corporation (in

neg: Angel Bakeries bakery to bake bread on Saturday night in time for Sunday-morning deliveries. Today Angel Bakeries owns nine such mixers, five of which are used in its Jerusalem plant. Angel Bakeries operates year-round except for Shabbat, Yom Tov, and Passover week. In accordance with Jewish law, it annually sells its stock to a non-Jew before Passover so that it does not own chametz over the holiday. Angel's was the first Israeli bakery to go public on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange, in 1984. However, it remains a family business. In the 1980s Salomon’s grandchildren moved into managerial positions. Avraham, the eldest

neg: Hess Corporation typically sell for a few hundred or even thousands of dollars. For example, the 1964 truck sells for about $1,400–2,000, depending on condition. Hess periodically has a rare truck such as the 1995 chrome truck with helicopter and the 2002 chrome Mini, which were given away at a stockholder meeting and, more recently, the 2006 truck given to New York Stock Exchange employees to commemorate its name change from Amerada Hess Corporation to Hess Corporation. In Christmas of 2011, The Hess Corporation donated 900 of its 2011 Hess Toy Trucks and Race Cars to the Salvation Army for the underprivileged

neg: Privatization by private investors, or the sale of a state-owned enterprise or municipally owned corporation to private investors. In the case of a for-profit company, the shares are then no longer traded at a stock exchange, as the company became private through private equity; in the case the partial or full sale of a state-owned enterprise or municipally owned corporation to private owners shares may be traded in the public market for the first time, or for the first time since an enterprise's previous nationalization. The second such type of privatization is the demutualization of a mutual organization, cooperative, or public-private

neg: Joyou Joyou Joyou is a publicly listed company listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange trading under the ticker JY8. It designs, manufactures and sells kitchen and bathroom faucets, shower systems, and other home sanitary fittings, primarily in China for the Chinese market. It also supplies sanitary fittings to wholesalers and retailers worldwide. Joyou is headquartered in Nan’an, Quanzhou in the Chinese province of Fujian and is owned by the holding company Joyou AG, a German stock corporation located in Hamburg. It also sells products from the German sanitary fittings manufacturer Grohe under license in China. As of early 2013, Joyou operated

neg: MPC Corporation 2002, the company changed its name from MicronPC to MPC Computers. In July 2005, application acceleration provider HyperSpace Communications Inc. merged with MPC Computers in a stock-swap deal. Because HyperSpace became a public company in 2004, MPC Computers was able to avoid the rigorous process of becoming a public company. MPC Corporation was listed on the NYSE Alternext US LLC exchange (formerly the American Stock and Options Exchange) as ticker symbol MPZ until being delisted. In January 2007, HyperSpace Communications Inc. changed its name to MPC Corporation. In September 2007, MPC Corporation announced that it had signed an agreement to

neg: Free riding pay for its share of the cost of producing a public good. This may be a problem. See the free rider problem for further discussion. Free riding Free riding (also known as freeriding or free-riding) is a term used in stock-trading to describe the practice of buying and selling shares or other securities without actually having the capital to cover the trade. In a cash account, a free riding violation occurs when the investor sells a stock that was purchased with unsettled funds. The Federal Reserve Board's Regulation T requires brokers to "freeze" accounts that commit freeriding violations for 90

neg: Masimo speaker. Masimo Masimo is an American manufacturer of noninvasive patient monitoring technologies based in Irvine, California. The company sells more pulse oximetry to hospitals than any other company. Masimo was founded in 1989 by electrical engineer Joe Kiani, who was later joined by fellow engineer Mohamed Diab. Masimo invented measure-through motion and low perfusion pulse oximetry, known as Masimo SET (Signal Extraction Technology). Masimo has been recognized for its intellectual property and for being one of the most innovative companies in the medical device industry. The company went public in 2007 and is currently traded on the NASDAQ stock exchange

neg: Masimo Masimo Masimo is an American manufacturer of noninvasive patient monitoring technologies based in Irvine, California. The company sells more pulse oximetry to hospitals than any other company. Masimo was founded in 1989 by electrical engineer Joe Kiani, who was later joined by fellow engineer Mohamed Diab. Masimo invented measure-through motion and low perfusion pulse oximetry, known as Masimo SET (Signal Extraction Technology). Masimo has been recognized for its intellectual property and for being one of the most innovative companies in the medical device industry. The company went public in 2007 and is currently traded on the NASDAQ stock exchange under

neg: Francis Cabot Lowell Lowell and Moody were awarded the patent for their power loom in 1815. To raise capital for their mills, Lowell and partners Aidan and Merquack pioneered a basic tool of modern corporate finance by selling $1000 shares of stock to a select group of wealthy investors, such as Senators James Lloyd Jr. and Christopher Gore, Israel Thorndike Sr. and Harrison Gray Otis. This form of shareholder corporation endures to this day in the well-known form of public stock offerings. In 1814, the Boston Manufacturing Company built its first mill beside the Charles River in Waltham, housing an integrated set of

neg: Bose Corporation Bose Corporation Bose Corporation is a privately held American corporation, based in Framingham, Massachusetts, that designs, develops and sells audio equipment. Founded in 1964 by Amar Bose, the company sells its products throughout the world. According to the company annual report in the 2017 financial year, Bose received revenue of US$3.8 billion and employed more than 8,000 people. Bose is best known for its home audio systems and speakers, noise cancelling headphones, professional audio systems and automobile sound systems. The company has also conducted research into suspension technologies for cars and heavy-duty trucks and into the subject of cold fusion.

neg: Changhe the Ideal in 2010 were a reported 426 units. In Venezuela, the first Latin American country to receive a Changhe product (2007), the official dealer of the Changhe Ideal was Cinascar, but this model is no longer listed on Cinascar's website. In Peru and/or Colombia, Faga Motors sells various Changhe microvans. Italian importer Martin Motors rebadges and sells the Changhe Landy as a Martin Motors Coolcar. The Ideal is known in Italy as the Martin Ideal 1000. The Ideal is also marketed in the Ukraine. Listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange or Shenzhen Stock Exchange in 2001, Changhe was delisted

neg: Joyou faucets. Joyou is considered a mid-market brand. Joyou Joyou is a publicly listed company listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange trading under the ticker JY8. It designs, manufactures and sells kitchen and bathroom faucets, shower systems, and other home sanitary fittings, primarily in China for the Chinese market. It also supplies sanitary fittings to wholesalers and retailers worldwide. Joyou is headquartered in Nan’an, Quanzhou in the Chinese province of Fujian and is owned by the holding company Joyou AG, a German stock corporation located in Hamburg. It also sells products from the German sanitary fittings manufacturer Grohe under license in

neg: Universal Corporation Universal Corporation Universal Corporation () is one of the world's leading tobacco merchants. Incorporated in 1918, Universal has headquarters in Richmond, Virginia, in the United States. Universal buys, sells, and processes flue-cured and burley tobacco. It also holds a 49% interest in Socotab, LLC, a large dealer in oriental leaf tobaccos. The company does not manufacture cigarettes or other consumer tobacco products, although its largest customer is Altria Group (owner of Philip Morris USA). Universal common stock is part of the S&P 600 index. After the 1911 breakup of the American Tobacco Company trust, Jacquelin (sic) P. Taylor incorporated Universal

neg: Peabody Energy state of Illinois under the name Peabody Coal Company in 1890. In 1895, it began operations of its first mine in Williamson County, Illinois and later expanded its operations in Illinois. In 1913, the company won its first long-term contract to supply Chicago Edison Company, the predecessor to utility Commonwealth Edison. The company's growth continued after World War I and the corporation went public for the first time in 1929 with a listing on the Midwest Stock Exchange and in 1949, was listed on the New York Stock Exchange. Despite being ranked eighth among the country's top coal producers in

neg: Chowking of Public Relations-Jakarta for the latter's first Quadmedia Competition, where students pitched their advertising concepts to a panel of judges consisting of industry professionals. Chowking Chowking () is a Philippine-based restaurant chain. The concept combines Western fast food service with Chinese food menu. Chowking predominantly sells noodle soups, dim sum and rice bowls with toppings. Chowking set up its first store in 1985 under the company of Robert Kuan at a time when American-style burger joints were dominating the Philippine fast food scene. After Jollibee Foods Corporation (JFC) acquired Chowking, the brand was place under Fresh N Famous Foods, a

neg: U.S. Bancorp form a joint holding company for both banks that was called the First Bank Stock Corporation while keep both subsidiary banks legally separate. The new holding company quickly grew by acquiring other banks in four state region before the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 prohibited such actions. First Bank Stock Corporation was renamed First Bank Stock Corporation Inc. in 1968. In September 1997, the new U.S. Bancorp, formerly First Bank System, announced the pending acquisition of the St. Cloud, Minnesota-based Zappco, Inc. with its three banks and six banking locations for an disclosed amount. At the time of the

neg: SAMCO SAMCO SAMCO Inc.（サムコ株式会社） is a Japanese company that manufactures and sells semiconductor process equipment for the fabrication of electronic components as well as other micro and nano-scale devices. The company is headquartered in Kyoto, Japan, and its product line can be divided into three categories: On May 30, 2001, SAMCO Inc. made its IPO on the JASDAQ stock exchange. On July 24, 2013, SAMCO Inc.’s public listing was accepted into the second section of the Tokyo Stock Exchange (Japan’s largest stock exchange by volume). SAMCO Inc. was established in 1979 by its President and CEO, Osamu Tsuji, in a private

neg: Attic Books second floor, which is specialized in antiquarian books, maps and prints, along with sections of collectibles, antiques and books on books. It was previously only available to dealers and known collectors. Now it is open to the public. Attic Books sells maps and prints. Branching out into the online world of book retail, Attic Books now sells online stock at both ABE, Biblio, and Alibris. Attic Books also is becoming known for selling curiosities and unusual antiques in addition to books. Attic Books is one of the very few places where Charles van Sandwyk's fine art and fantasy cards and

neg: D-Link D-Link D-Link Corporation () is a Taiwanese multinational networking equipment manufacturing corporation headquartered in Taipei, Taiwan. It was founded in March 1986 in Taipei as "Datex Systems Inc." D-Link Corporation changed its name from Datex Systems Inc. in 1994, when it went public and when it became the first networking company on the Taiwan Stock Exchange. It is now publicly traded on the TSEC and NSE stock exchanges. In 2007, it was the leading networking company in the small to medium business (SMB) segment worldwide with 21.9% market share. In March 2008, it became the market leader in Wi-Fi product

neg: Brad Katsuyama sub-order arriving at the same time to all the exchanges through the use of intentional delays. Following Katsuyama's discovery of certain unfair high-frequency trading practices, he decided to improve the business of the stock market, leaving RBC in 2012 to start-up a fairer stock trading venue. The Investors Exchange, IEX was born from his RBC departure. IEX is an emerging stock exchange, organized as an alternative trading system, also known as a dark pool. Company representatives have stated their intention to convert to a public exchange upon reaching sufficient trading volume. It opened for its first day of trading on

neg: Goeasy Goeasy goeasy Ltd. is a Canadian public alternative financial company based in Mississauga, Ontario. It operates in two segments: easyfinancial, which offers high-interest loans to subprime borrowers, and easyhome, which sells furniture and other durable goods on a rent-to-own basis. As of 2016, easyfinancial had $344 million in loans, and goeasy had a market value of $400 million as of March 2017. It is listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange. Goeasy Ltd. was founded in 1990 as RTO Enterprises. It went public on the Toronto Stock Exchange in 1993, through a reverse takeover. Its original focus was leasing furniture. In

neg: Idan Ofer United States. In 1989, he was the founder of the Tanker Pacific, now the largest privately owned tanking fleet globally. He is the Principal of the Quantum Pacific Group, a Guernsey-based holding corporation. He is also the majority shareholder of Pacific Drilling, a public company listed on the New York Stock Exchange, and the Israel Corporation, the largest public holding listed on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange. He served as the Chairman of the Israel Corporation from 1999 to 2010, and as a member of its Board of Directors from 1999 to 2013. He has served on the Advisory Boards

neg: Monthly income preferred stock Monthly income preferred stock Monthly income preferred stock or MIPS is a hybrid security created by Eli Jacobson, a Sullivan & Cromwell tax partner, and introduced to the market by Goldman Sachs in 1993. In essence, MIPS is a combination of deeply subordinated debt and preferred stock. MIPS is structured in such a way as to make payments on the security an interest expense for the borrower and dividend for the lender. A special purpose entity of the issuer sells the preferred stock to the public and then lends the proceeds to the parent. The parent's interest payments to the

neg: Markel Corporation purchased Essentia Insurance Company. On May 1, 2013, Markel Corporation completed its acquisition of Alterra Capital Holdings Limited. In June 2016, it was announced that Markel had joined the Fortune 500 for the first time. This line of business makes permanent investments in businesses outside of the specialty insurance marketplace. The goal is to build profitable enterprises that will endure as part of the broader Markel Corporation. Markel Ventures companies include: In 2014, Markel completed its acquisition of Abbey Protection PLC, a company that sells and underwrites insurance products that provide protection against legal expenses and other professional fees incurred

neg: TCL Corporation TCL Corporation TCL Corporation () (originally an abbreviation for Telephone Communication Limited) is a Chinese multinational electronics company headquartered in Huizhou, Guangdong Province. It designs, develops, manufactures and sells products including television sets, mobile phones, air conditioners, washing machines, refrigerators and small electrical appliances. In 2010 it was the world's 25th-largest consumer electronics producer. Since 2015, it remains the third-largest television manufacturer by market share. TCL comprises four listed companies: TCL Corporation which is listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange, and TCL Multimedia Technology Holdings, Ltd. (), TCL Communication Technology Holdings, Ltd.(former code ; delisted in 2016), TCL Display Technology

neg: MSC Software an office in Tokyo, Japan. In 1983, MSC made its debut as a public company, and a year later the stock migrated to the American Stock Exchange. The company expanded in 1992 by adding a subsidiary in Moscow, Russia. In 1995, it further expanded its growth by adding an office in Brazil. In June 1999, MSC's stockholders voted to change the company's name to MSC.Software Corporation. In July 2009, MSC Software was acquired by the private equity firm Symphony Technology Group. The "dot" was dropped from the company's name in 2011 and the company's name is currently MSC Software Corporation.

neg: Central West Public Service Corporation Central West Public Service Corporation Central West Public Service Corporation was a Chicago, Illinois-based utility company that operated in Iowa, South Dakota, Texas, and Minnesota. It owned stock in other utilities that operated in Illinois, North Carolina, North Dakota, Nebraska, Virginia, and West Virginia. Its failure in 1934 reflects the difficult economic climate of the Great Depression and the inability of large utilities, with significant market capitalizations, to remain solvent. The power corporation went into receivership in March 1934 after defaulting on interest payments on its first lien collateral gold bonds, its ten-year convertible 6% debentures, and its 7% gold

neg: Berlitz Corporation in 1970, and Elio Boccitto led the company through most of the 1980s. In November 1988, Maxwell Communication Corporation took over Macmillan, and just a year later, Berlitz was made public. In 1993, Fukutake Publishing Co. Ltd., now known as the Benesse Corporation, a Japanese publisher of correspondence courses and other educational materials, began purchasing Berlitz stock. In 2001, Berlitz became a wholly owned subsidiary of the Benesse Corporation. In 2002, Berlitz publishing was sold to Langenscheidt. (Today, Berlitz Publishing is owned by APA Publications.) In 2009, Berlitz acquired Phoenix Associates Co., Ltd. In November 2010, Berlitz changed its name

neg: Enron The Corporation (2003 film) made frequent references to Enron post-bankruptcy, calling the company a "bad apple." During August 2000, Enron's stock price attained its greatest value of $90.56. At this time Enron executives, who possessed inside information on the hidden losses, began to sell their stock. At the same time, the general public and Enron's investors were told to buy the stock. Executives told the investors that the stock would continue to increase until it attained possibly the $130 to $140 range, while secretly unloading their shares. As executives sold their shares, the price began to decrease. Investors were told

neg: Wisconsin Public Service Corporation Wisconsin Public Service Corporation Wisconsin Public Service Corporation (WPS) is a utility company headquartered in Green Bay, Wisconsin. The company serves more than 440,000 electric customers and more than 315,000 natural gas customers in 27 counties in eastern, northeastern northern, and central Wisconsin, and a small portion of Michigan's Upper Peninsula. WPS began in 1883 as the Oshkosh Gas Light Company. It was incorporated as Wisconsin Public Service in 1922. And it was first listed on the New York and Midwest stock exchanges in 1953. In 1994, WPS became a subsidiary of WPS Resources Corporation, an energy holding company. In

neg: John Leo Blair be changed to honor the company's founder, John Leo Blair. Having gone public in 1924, New Process Company, and later Blair Corporation, found its stock to be the oldest continuously-held stock on the American Stock Exchange. By the mid 1980s, New Process was also said to be the largest direct-marketer of clothing and home products in the United States. Murray McComas, CEO at that time, appeared in a filmed interview on the floor of the America Stock Exchange to discuss the unique position New Process Company found itself in, and under McComas the name of this successful, long-standing corporation was

neg: Mechel Mechel Mechel () is one of Russia's leading mining and metals companies, comprising producers of coal, iron ore in concentrate, steel, rolled steel products. Headquartered in Moscow, sells its products in Russia and overseas, and is formally known as "Public Joint Stock Company Mechel". Southern Kuzbass Coal Company acquired control over Chelyabinsk Steel Plant in the summer of 2002 and subsequently announced a merger of Southern Kuzbass and Mechel into Mechel Steel Group. Igor Zyuzin was elected as Chairman of the Board of Mechel Steel Group OAO in January 2004. Mechel acquired Posyet Sea Commercial Port on the Russian coast

neg: Civeo Corporation each Oil States International common stock they held. The company is headquartered in Houston, Texas. Its Chief Executive Officer and President is Bradley J. Dodson. The company provides accommodation services to employees of oil and gas companies in the United States, Canada, and Australia. It owns and operates seventeen lodges and villages in Canada and Australia, with about 21,000 rooms. Civeo Corporation The Civeo Corporation is an American accommodation services multinational corporation. It is a spin-off of Oil States International. It is a public company listed on the New York Stock Exchange. The company is a spin-off from Oil States

neg: Nass Corporation Nass Corporation Nass Corporation B.S.C. (founder and chairman, Abdulla Ahmed Nass) is a Bahraini public joint-stock company established and listed on the Bahrain Stock Exchange in the year 2005, with a paid-up capital of BHD 20 million. Currently, the paid up capital is increased to BHD 22 million. The company is known as "Bahrain's Constructions Solutions Provider" employing around 8,000 people, and has annual revenue of BHD 200 million, with corporate headquarters in the Kingdom of Bahrain, and operations in Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates. Nass Corporation consists of Seven Divisions and Five Subsidiaries (three wholly owned and two

neg: Caterpillar Inc. Caterpillar Inc. Caterpillar Inc. is an American Fortune 100 corporation which designs, develops, engineers, manufactures, markets and sells machinery, engines, financial products and insurance to customers via a worldwide dealer network. It is the world's largest construction equipment manufacturer. In 2018, Caterpillar was ranked #65 on the Fortune 500 list and #238 on the Global Fortune 500 list. Caterpillar stock is a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average. Caterpillar Inc. traces its origins to the 1925 merger of the Holt Manufacturing Company and the C. L. Best Tractor Company, creating a new entity, the California-based Caterpillar Tractor Company. In

neg: Magnum Berhad Magnum Berhad Magnum Berhad () is a company in Malaysia known principally as a leader in gambling. Formerly known as Magnum Corporation and Magnum Corporation Berhad, the company was incorporated in December 1968 and was the first private company to be granted a license to promote, operate and manage 4-digit numbers forecast betting in Malaysia. Magnum was converted to a public company in 1970 and was subsequently listed on the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange ("KLSE") in the same year. However, it was de-listed on 2 July 2008 following the completion of a privatisation exercise. Magnum then reverted to be a

neg: ASCII Corporation systems soared in the 1980s, ASCII became active in the development and publishing of software and peripherals for popular consoles such as the Family Computer and Mega Drive. After Microsoft's public stock offering in 1986, ASCII Microsoft was dissolved. At around the same time, the company was also obliged to reform itself as a result of its aggressive diversification in the first half of the 1980s. The company went public in 1989. ASCII's revenue in its fiscal year ending March 1996 was 56 billion yen, broken down by sectors: Publication (52.5% or 27.0 billion yen), Game entertainment (27.8% or 14.3

neg: Riverside Park Dance Pavilion known as Parker's Island, from the estate of George Howell. They formed a non-profit corporation, the Riverside Park Association. Its purpose was to improve and operate the park for the entertainment of the general public. The Association sold shares of stock, summer cabins, and rented owners' cabins during the summer, with profits reinvested in the park. The park included an open-air dance floor consisting of a concrete slab enclosed by a fence, tennis courts, a swimming pool with water slides, playground equipment, softball and baseball diamonds, horseshoe pitching courts and a picnic area. Its first dance was held in October

neg: DEPA DEPA Public Gas Corporation of Greece A.E. (DEPA; ) commonly known for its Greek abbreviation DEPA () is the natural gas supply company of Greece. The registered office of the company is based in Irakleio, a suburb of Athens metropolitan area. It operates within the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Development. In 2005, in order to liberalise the natural gas market, DESFA was created as a fully owned subsidiary to transport natural gas within Greece. Since then, DEPA sells gas to large consumers and to the gas supply companies. Natural gas is imported by pipelines from Bulgaria and Turkey and

neg: Magnum Berhad parimuteul element into the game. This game was copyrighted by Magnum in 2013. Magnum Berhad Magnum Berhad () is a company in Malaysia known principally as a leader in gambling. Formerly known as Magnum Corporation and Magnum Corporation Berhad, the company was incorporated in December 1968 and was the first private company to be granted a license to promote, operate and manage 4-digit numbers forecast betting in Malaysia. Magnum was converted to a public company in 1970 and was subsequently listed on the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange ("KLSE") in the same year. However, it was de-listed on 2 July 2008

neg: China Yangtze Power China Yangtze Power China Yangtze Power Co., Ltd. (CYPC), known as Yangtze Power is a Chinese utilities company, headquartered in Beijing. The company is a component of SSE 180 Index. A controlling share is held by the parent company China Three Gorges Corporation (CTG, ), a state-owned enterprise under State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council. The enterprise produces and sells energy to customers. China Yangtze Power was founded on 4 November 2002 and was brought on 18 November 2003 to the Shanghai Stock Exchange. China Yangtze Power originated from a cooperation of Chinese enterprises: Huaneng Power

neg: Lockheed Corporation struggling due to the poor sales of the L-1011 airliner). Haughton resigned his post as chairman. In the late 1980s, leveraged buyout specialist Harold Simmons conducted a widely publicized but unsuccessful takeover attempt on the Lockheed Corporation, having gradually acquired almost 20 percent of its stock. Lockheed was attractive to Simmons because one of its primary investors was the California Public Employees' Retirement System (CalPERS), the pension fund of the state of California. At the time, the "New York Times" said, "Much of Mr. Simmons's interest in Lockheed is believed to stem from its pension plan, which is over funded

neg: NEC Display Solutions Mitsubishi brands. The company, which is no longer affiliated with Mitsubishi, currently sells and markets products under the NEC brand only. NEC Display Solutions NEC Display Solutions is a manufacturer of computer monitors and large-screen public-information displays, and has sold and marketed products under the NEC brand globally for more than twenty years. The company sells display products to the consumer, business, professional (e.g. financial, graphic design, CAD/CAM), digital signage and medical markets. The company became a wholly owned subsidiary of Japan-based NEC Corporation on March 31, 2005. Prior to that date, the company was known as NEC/Mitsubishi, a 50/50

neg: Krispy Kreme Center. Krispy Kreme began another phase of rapid expansion in the 1990s, opening stores outside the southeastern United States where most of their stores were located. Then, in December 2001, Krispy Kreme opened its first store outside the U.S. in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. On April 5, 2000, the corporation went public on the NASDAQ at $21 using the ticker symbol KREM. On May 17, 2001, Krispy Kreme switched to the New York Stock Exchange, with the ticker symbol KKD, which it carried until its private acquisition. The stock reached what would be its all-time high of $50 on the New

neg: Timothy Sykes various businesses and celebrities, including Shaquille O'Neal and Justin Bieber, for promoting "pump and dump" schemes, in which an investor purchases stock, hypes others into buying that stock to inflate its price, then sells the shares at a higher price and shorts the profit from the resulting decline. Timothy Sykes Timothy Sykes (born April 15, 1981) is a penny stock trader. He is best known for earning $1.65 million by day trading while attending Tulane University. Sykes graduated from Tulane University in 2003 with a bachelor's degree in philosophy and a minor in business. While at Tulane, Sykes routinely cut

neg: West Japan Railway Company to the government-owned Japan Railway Construction Public Corporation (JRCC), which merged into the Japan Railway Construction, Transport and Technology Agency (JRTT) as part of a bureaucratic reform package in October 2003. JRTT offered all of its shares in JR-West to the public in an international IPO in 2004, ending the era of government ownership of JR-West. JR-West is now listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange, Nagoya Stock Exchange, Osaka Securities Exchange and the Fukuoka Stock Exchange. West Japan Railway Company , also referred to as , is one of the Japan Railways Group (JR Group) companies and operates in western

neg: Condusiv Technologies Condusiv Technologies Condusiv Technologies is a software company based in Burbank, California. The company was formerly known as Diskeeper Corporation, a name derived from its flagship product, Diskeeper, a file-system defragmentation software package for Microsoft Windows and OpenVMS. Before adopting the Diskeeper name, the company was known as Executive Software International, Inc. Condusiv Technologies sells and supports a number of software products. Diskeeper, a tool for reducing file fragmentation; V-locity Virtual Machine, a platform disk optimizer for virtual server; Undelete, which offers protection from and recovery of accidentally deleted files. Condusiv sells its products to OEMs (original equipment manufacturers) including

neg: Stride Rite Corporation the company as the heads of sales and manufacturing respectively. Green Shoe became a public company in 1960 and was listed on the New York Stock Exchange. In 1966 Green Shoe adopted the Stride Rite Corporation name to emphasize the brand name of one of its best-known products. The name was purchased from another shoe manufacturer in 1933. In 1968 Arnold Hiatt, the son of a Lithuanian immigrant, became president of the firm and sales were $35 million. Hiatt pursued a policy of acquisitions to keep the firm in tune with consumer preferences. Stride Rite’s first retail store was opened

neg: Xerox Xerox Xerox Corporation (; also known as Xerox) is an American global corporation that sells print and digital document solutions, and document technology products in more than 160 countries. Xerox is headquartered in Norwalk, Connecticut (having moved from Stamford, Connecticut in October 2007), though its largest population of employees is based around Rochester, New York, the area in which the company was founded. The company purchased Affiliated Computer Services for $6.4 billion in early 2010. As a large developed company, it is consistently placed in the list of Fortune 500 companies. On December 31, 2016, Xerox separated its business process

neg: Pixela Corporation Pixela Corporation Pixela Corporation is a Japanese manufacturer of PC peripheral hardware and multimedia software. The company is known for its software series, ImageMixer, which is currently bundled with some camcorders. Pixela is also famous for manufacturing 1seg Tuners in Japan. The company was founded June 21, 1982 and employs 266 people. The current CEO is Hiroshi Fujioka. The company headquarters are in Osaka, Japan. Pixela owns subsidiaries in Japan and North America, such as Synthesis, Prodia, RfStream, and Pialex Technologies. These subsidiaries mainly produce microchips and video capture board. Pixela has an online shop, which sells imagemixer series, other

neg: Progressive Corporation or by phone and through independent insurance agents. Progressive's Agency business sells insurance through more than 30,000 independent insurance agencies and "progressiveagent.com" where customers can quote their own policies and then contact an agent to complete the sale. In December 2009, Progressive announced it was selling car insurance in Australia. Initially called Progressive Direct, it rebranded as Progressive in 2011. Progressive's marketing campaign is known for offering quotes of its competitors along with its own quote. It was the first major insurer to offer auto policies through the phone and through its web site. In September 2007 Progressive began to

neg: Chicago Stock Exchange and in the early 1960s the Midwest Stock Exchange Service Corporation was established to provide centralized accounting for member firms. In 1993 it changed its name back to the Chicago Stock Exchange. The Chicago Stock Exchange was founded in a formal meeting on March 21, 1882. At this time, Charles Henrotin was elected the chairman and president. In April that year, a lease was taken out at 115 Dearborn Street for the location of the exchange and during that year 750 memberships were sold. On May 15, 1882, the Chicago Stock Exchange officially became public and opened its offices, with

neg: S corporation corporations may also, in certain circumstances, pay income taxes on untaxed profits that were generated when the corporation operated as a C corporation. This is very common with uncollected accounts receivable or appreciated real estate. For example, if an S corporation that was formerly a C corporation sells an appreciated asset (such as real estate) and the appreciation occurred during the time the corporation was a C corporation, the S corporation will probably pay C corporation taxes on the appreciation—even though the corporation is now an S corporation. This Built In Gain (BIG) tax rate is 35% on the appreciated

neg: Service Corporation of America Service Corporation of America Service Corporation of America. (later known as SCA Services, Incorporated) was a Boston-based waste and environmental services company in North America. The company was later a subsidiary of Waste Management, Inc., active from 1970-1984. SCA was unique in that it was not originally supposed to be a waste hauler. SCA was incorporated by Berton Steir as a diversified conglomerate, providing building maintenance, vending, food, travel, and waste disposal service. SCA's first acquisition was of seven vending companies, a building maintenance company, and a single waste hauler. By the time its stock was placed on the NYSE,

neg: First American Corporation other real property records and images; valuation products and services; home warranty products; home insurance; and banking, trust and investment advisory services. June 1, 2010 marked the separation of the First American Corporation's financial services operations and its information solutions businesses into two independent public companies. The spin-off was intended to allow First American to focus solely on its core businesses. As part of a spin-off transaction, First American Financial Corporation common stock was distributed to shareholders of The First American Corporation on June 1, 2010. The shares of both companies traded on a “when-issued” basis from May 24, 2010

neg: Haier Hong Kong Stock Exchange through a "backdoor listing" by acquiring a controlling stake in a publicly listed joint venture Haier-CCT Holdings Ltd. (). Haier is also an index stock of the Dow Jones China 88 Index. Haier Haier Group Corporation is a Chinese collective multinational consumer electronics and home appliances company headquartered in Qingdao, Shandong province, China. It designs, develops, manufactures and sells products including air conditioners, mobile phones, computers, microwave ovens, washing machines, refrigerators, and televisions. According to data released by Euromonitor in 2014, the Haier brand had the world's largest market share in white goods, with 10.2 per

neg: SodaStream SodaStream SodaStream International Ltd. is an Israel-based manufacturing company best known as the maker of the consumer home carbonation product of the same name. The device, like a soda syphon, carbonates water by adding carbon dioxide from a pressurized cylinder to create soda water (or carbonated water) to drink. The company also sells more than 100 types of concentrated syrups and flavourings to make carbonated drinks. The company was founded in 1903 in England. After the company merged with Soda-Club in 1998, it was relaunched with an emphasis on healthier drinks. It went public on the NASDAQ stock exchange in

neg: Jubilee Library, Brighton as the town's public reading room, museum and public lecture theatre. In 1869, the Institution gave its collection to Brighton Corporation, which used the books to establish a public library. At first, this was stored in the Royal Pavilion, but the facility outgrew its few rooms and the Corporation converted the Pavilion's former stables and servants' lodgings into a library. This opened on 12 September 1873. Further growth in the stock of books meant that a new temporary facility was opened nearby on Church Street in 1889; this was rebuilt in 1901–02 and reopened as the home of Brighton's reference

neg: Syms Corporation Syms Corporation Syms Corp (styled as SYMS) was an off-price retail clothing store chain, founded by Sy Syms in 1959. Its headquarters was in Secaucus, New Jersey, where it became a public company, traded on the New York Stock Exchange (SYM) in 1983. The company also owned Filene's Basement, which it acquired in June 2009. At its height, the company and its subsidiary collectively owned and operated a chain of 55 "off-price" retail stores in 16 states; the company employed approximately 3,800 full and part-time workers. Each SYMS and Filene's Basement store offered a broad range of merchandise from nationally

neg: Kulim (Malaysia) Berhad Malaysia and Indonesia. The company was incorporated in 1933 and is based in Johor Bahru, Malaysia. Kulim (Malaysia) Berhad is a subsidiary of Johor Corporation. Kulim (Malaysia) Berhad traces its history back to 1933 when Kulim Rubber Plantations Ltd was incorporated in United Kingdom. Kulim was later incorporated as a public limited company and was listed on Main Board of the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange (now known as the Main Market of Bursa Malaysia Securities Berhad) in 1975. In 1976, Johor Corporation became the major shareholder of Kulim. Over the years, Kulim has grown to become a diversified plantation company

neg: FMC Corporation FMC Corporation FMC Corporation is an American chemical manufacturing company headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The company was founded by chemist John Bean in 1883 as the Bean Spray Pump Company in Los Gatos, California, producing piston pumps for insecticides. In 1928, Bean Spray Pump purchased two companies: the Anderson-Barngrover Co. and Sprague-Sells Co. At this time the company changed its name to Food Machinery Corporation, and began using the initials FMC. In 1941 the company FMC received a contract to design and build amphibious tracked landing vehicles for the United States Department of War, and afterwards the company continued to

neg: Lillian Vernon (businesswoman) in the song "Sugar Daddy". Lillian Vernon (businesswoman) Lillian Vernon (born Lilli Menasche; March 18, 1927 – December 14, 2015) was an American businesswoman and philanthropist. She founded the Lillian Vernon Corporation in 1951 and served as its chairwoman and CEO until July 1989, though she continued to serve as executive chairwoman until 2003, when the company was taken private by Zelnick Media. When it went public in 1987, Lillian Vernon Corporation was the first company traded on the American Stock Exchange founded by a woman. New York University's Lillian Vernon Writers House is named after her and houses the