query: when were electric trains introduced in the uk

pos: Railway electrification in Great Britain 36% uses the 660/750 V DC third-rail system. The electrified network is set to expand over coming years, as 25 kV electrification is extended to currently unelectrified lines, such as the Great Western Main Line, the Midland Main Line and lines in the North of England as part of the Northern Hub. The first electric railway in Great Britain was Volk's Electric Railway in Brighton, a pleasure railway, which opened in 1883, still functioning to this day. The London Underground began operating electric services using a fourth rail system in 1890 on the City and South London Railway, now part

neg: Tait (train) Tait (train) The Tait trains were a wooden bodied Electric Multiple Unit train that operated on the suburban railway network of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. They were introduced in 1910 by the Victorian Railways as steam locomotive hauled cars, and converted to electric traction from 1919 when the Melbourne electrification project was underway. The trains derived their name from Sir Thomas James Tait, the chairman of commissioners of the Victorian Railways from 1903 to 1910. The first cars were built during 1909 with the last entering service in 1952. The trains were initially known as "Sliding Door" trains, as opposed to

neg: Tawa Flat deviation on 11 February 1983. The DM/D electric multiple units introduced in 1949 were largely replaced by EM class electric multiple units introduced between 1982 and 1983 but some continued to operate at peak periods until 2011 when FT/FP class (Matangi) multiple units began operation. The EM/ET class multiple units, which were introduced to replace the locomotive-hauled trains and some of the DM/D fleet, last operated on 27 May 2016 when additional FT/FP class (Matangi) multiple units arrived. To provide additional capacity before the arrival of the Matangi multiple units, three EO class electric locomotives, originally purchased in 1968 for use

neg: Lugano–Ponte Tresa Railway construct a narrow gauge electric railway between the two towns. The line opened in 1912, and had a rolling stock comprising three motor cars, three passenger trailers and six freight cars. At Lugano station, a link track connected to the adjacent Lugano–Tesserete railway, allowing transfer of rolling stock. In 1949 and 1964, new routings were introduced in Ponte Tresa and east of Bioggio respectively. In 1968, three new articulated electric trains were introduced, but these were transferred to the "Società Subalpina Imprese Ferroviarie" in 1978, when they were replaced by five new twin-car trains. In the same year a regular

neg: Transperth A-series train Transperth A-series train The A-series trains are a class of electric multiple unit built by Walkers Limited, Maryborough for Transperth between 1991 and 1999. When introduced in 1991 the A-series trains became the first electric passenger trains to operate in Western Australia and until 2004, were the only type of train in use on the Perth suburban rail network. Studies for the electrification of Perth's suburban rail network began in 1984 and in 1988 43 two-car electric railcars were ordered from Walkers Limited, Maryborough. Prior to this, Perth's rail transport network consisted of three railway lines radiating from Perth and

neg: VR Class Sr2 Finally only six of the 12 options were transformed into orders, forming a total fleet of 46 engines. The locomotives are used on both passenger trains and freight trains, and they are the primary locomotives of the fast InterCity trains in Finland. Until mid-2010's Sr2's were pulling IC trains the classic way, but after Edo-class cab control cars were introduced in 2013, Sr2 units have been used in pull-push mode with IC double deck stock. Until introduction of new Sr3 locomotives, Sr2 has been the only electric locomotive equipped for push-pull among Finnish rolling stock. When introduced, the Sr2 was

neg: Japan Railways locomotive numbering and classification 1912. Like steam locomotives of that period, electric locomotives were numbered with four or five digit numerals. Classes were represented by their earliest numbers, last digit being "0". The table below lists all classes of the electric locomotives named under this method. A new system of numbering and classification came into effect in 1928. Originally, electric locomotives were classified by maximum speeds. High-speed locomotives were for passenger trains and low-speed locomotives were for freight trains. Later, the system was revised to distinguish the types of electricity when AC and AC/DC locomotives were introduced. According to this numbering method, EF81 95

neg: Rübeland Railway Arnstadt shed to the Meiningen Steam Locomotive Works, where it will be made operational for the Rübeland Railway at a cost of 350,000 euros. Originally cog locomotives were used on the line, but the introduction of the "HBE Animal Class" enabled it to be worked with a rack. Following nationalisation, Class 95.0s were also used. When the line was electrified Class 171s were introduced for passenger and goods trains. From 2000, passenger trains were no longer electric-hauled, because the locomotives had no means of operating the door closing equipment. Push-pull trains were introduced, hauled by Class 218s and running through

neg: Newcastle railway station the third rail system, to form the Tyneside Electrics system, electric trains were introduced, using Central Station from 1 July 1904. The tracks on platforms 1 to 6 were equipped with electrified third rails, and platform 7 was later electrified to handle electric trains to . Another major development came on 1 October 1906 when the King Edward VII Bridge was opened, crossing the Tyne to the south-west of the station: Since 1850 East Coast Main Line trains had entered Newcastle from the south via the High Level Bridge to the south-east, this meant however that they had to reverse

neg: Southern Railway (UK) between (as indicated in the classification). Newly built units of 4-LAV 6PUL and 5BEL (Brighton Belle) types were introduced in 1932 for the electrification of the Brighton main line. Further types were introduced as electrification spread further. Thus the 2-BIL units were constructed between 1935 and 1938 to work long-distance semi-fast services to Eastbourne, Portsmouth and Reading, or the 2-HAL for those to Maidstone and Gillingham. 4-COR units, handled fast trains on the London Waterloo railway station to Portsmouth Harbour railway station from April 1937. A total of 460 electric vehicles were to be built by the Southern Railway before

neg: Transperth A-series train the depot. Since early-2016, A-Series 43 and 44 have been fitted with USB charging ports as part of a 6-month trial which was successful. They are located at the wheelchair bays, on the door slot panels in between the normal and priority seats and aside the intercarriage-gangway door. Transperth A-series train The A-series trains are a class of electric multiple unit built by Walkers Limited, Maryborough for Transperth between 1991 and 1999. When introduced in 1991 the A-series trains became the first electric passenger trains to operate in Western Australia and until 2004, were the only type of train in

neg: New Zealand AM class electric multiple unit service between Papakura and Pukekohe were operated by electric trains, including the Western Line. Electric trains were fully introduced into daily services across the Auckland electrified rail network on 20 July 2015. Electric trains operate as far as Swanson on the Western Line and as far as Papakura on the Southern Line. The front three cars of an inbound train derailed in the Britomart tunnel on the approach to the platforms on 9 May 2018 and stopped millimetres from a concrete wall. The emergency brakes were activated and no injuries were recorded. The derailed units took several days to clear.

neg: Hutt Valley Line the Wairarapa Line since this time. In the 20th century prior to electrification W and W class tank locomotives typically hauled suburban trains. Prior to full electrification, services beyond Taita were hauled by DE class diesels. Full electrification saw duties shared between DM/D class "English Electric" multiple units and carriage trains hauled by ED and EW class electric locomotives, the latter class ordered for the Wellington electrified network when the Hutt Valley electrification project was approved. The EDs were withdrawn by 1980 and EWs by 1983. In 1982-83 the EM/ET "Ganz Mavag" multiple units were introduced, taking over most services,

neg: Cemetery Station No. 4 railway station when an employee was deputed by the Station-master, Lidcombe, to take charge at No. 4 Mortuary Station, when that employee obtained the Key from, and returned it to the Station-master, Lidcombe. Not more than four trains were allowed on the Branch between Lidcombe and No. 4 Mortuary Station at one and the same time, and a strict policy was in place when trains were running. Electric Train Staff Working introduced 11 November 1918—replacing the Staff and Ticket system (26 May 1897) thereby allowing three trains to operate upon the branch. In Aug. 1924, No. 4 Mortuary Stations capacity increased. An

neg: British Rail tube trains halted, and the new trains were delivered from the English Electric factory at Preston during 1940, officially entering service on 28 October of that year. The trains remained in service through the nationalisation of the Southern as part of British Rail in 1948, when the Waterloo & City became part of the Southern Region, and then "Sectorisation" as part of the London & South Eastern sector (renamed "Network SouthEast" in 1986). Under the Total Operations Processing System introduced in the late 1960s, the units were initially classed as Class 453, before being renumbered as Class 487. These trains were finally

neg: Mersey Railway electric units Mersey Railway electric units Mersey Railway electric multiple units were electric multiple units introduced on the underground Mersey Railway in 1903. In the early 1900s the railway was bankrupt as it used steam locomotives that left a dirty atmosphere in the tunnel and passengers preferred the ferries. However, the railway was rescued by Westinghouse Electric, who electrified the railway and provided the first electric multiple units. The cars were supplemented in 1908, 1923 and 1925 and finally in 1936 to allow the progression from 4-car, through 5-car, and finally to 6-car trains. In 1938, when the Wirral Railway was electrified,

neg: History of the London Underground began running electric trains from Ealing to Whitechapel and on the same day the Met and the District both introduced electric units on the inner circle until later that day an incompatibility was found between the way the shoe-gear was mounted on the Met trains and the District track. The Met trains were withdrawn from the District lines and modified, full electric service starting on the circle line in September. In the same month, after withdrawing services over the un-electrified East London Railway and east of East Ham, the District were running electric services on all remaining routes. The GWR

neg: Linden railway station, Wellington vapour lights. From April to June 2014 the corroded steel overhead footbridge was refurbished, and new lighting and signage provided. The high sides on the bridge were not restored leaving pedestrians exposed to the wind and driving rain. Previously, electric passenger services stopping at Linden were trains hauled by ED and EW class electric locomotives, and DM/D and EM/ET class electric multiple units. ED locomotives hauled passenger trains from their introduction in 1940 but were rarely seen on passenger trains after the introduction of the EW class locomotives in 1952. The last ED operated in 1981. EW class locomotives introduced

neg: Electro-pneumatic brake system on British railway trains Electro-pneumatic brake system on British railway trains The Electro-pneumatic brake system on British railway trains was introduced in 1950 and remains the primary braking system for multiple units in service today. The Southern Region of British Railways operated a self-contained fleet of electric multiple units for suburban and middle distance passenger trains. From 1950, an expansion of the fleet was undertaken and the new build adopted a braking system that was novel in the UK, the electro-pneumatic brake in which compressed air brake operation was controlled electrically by the driver. This was a considerable and successful technical advance, enabling a

neg: British Rail Class 503 When first introduced they were seen to be of a very advanced design for a mainline railway's suburban passenger trains, featuring things such as air-operated sliding doors which were opened and closed by the guard (hitherto trains either had "slam doors" or hand-operated sliding doors). Class 503 were the first group of electric trains on the main British railway system with air-operated power doors, located at the quarter points of each coach under the control of the guard, which became a later general standard. They were not built in the LMS's own workshops, but by contractors in Birmingham, Metro Cammell

neg: Keihan 7200 series Keihan 7200 series The is an electric multiple unit (EMU) commuter train type operated by the private railway operator Keihan Electric Railway in Kyoto, Japan, since 1995. The 7200 series trains were developed from the earlier 7000 series trains introduced in 1989. Passenger accommodation consists of longitudinal bench seating throughout. The eight-car trains (original 7201 and 7202) are formed as follows, with four motored ("M") cars and four non-powered trailer ("T") cars. The seven-car trains (7201 and 7203) are formed as follows, with three motored ("M") cars and four non-powered trailer ("T") cars. The first trains were delivered in 1994,

neg: Athearn body, and reintroduced in 1958 in plastic. The comprehensive scope of the product line contributed to the popularity of HO as a model railroad scale, due to the ready availability of items and their low cost. When Lionel Corporation introduced their line of HO scale trains in 1958, many of the trains were produced by Athearn. Athearn also produced trains for the short-lived Cox Models brand of electric train sets in the 1970s. Many of these products were pre-existing items from the Athearn catalog repackaged with Cox branding. Freight cars packaged with train sets sold by Atlas Model Railroad Co.

neg: New South Wales 85 class locomotive New South Wales 85 class locomotive The New South Wales 85 class were a class of 10 electric locomotives built by Comeng, Granville between May 1979 and July 1980 for the Public Transport Commission. When introduced they were the most powerful locomotives in Australia with a rating of 2,880 kW. Based at Lithgow depot they were purchased principally to haul coal trains over the Blue Mountains line. They also hauled other freight trains and on occasions passenger services including the "Indian Pacific". Following the Illawarra line being electrified in 1986, 85s began to operate coal trains from Lithgow through to

neg: British Rail Class 195 trains was made by Arriva UK Trains when it was confirmed that it would become the next operator of the Northern franchise from 1 April 2016. The Class 195 order was fuelled by Arriva's belief that the ageing and dilapidated state of rolling stock in Northern England is an inherent obstacle to enticing new passengers - particularly those in cars - and that investing in new modern trains for the long term represented the best strategy for enabling passenger growth. CAF were selected by Arriva as they were the only manufacturer able to produce both new diesel and electric ()

neg: South Eastern main line locomotives became the G class. In 1900, Harry Wainwright introduced the C class 0-6-0s for freight, and D and E class 4-4-0s for express passenger work. The latter two classes were capable of . The track having been upgraded to enable running at such speed. Richard Maunsell introduced the River class 2-6-4Ts in 1917 for express passenger trains. Post-war, the D and E classes were rebuilt with superheaters. The rebuilt locomotives being designated classes D1 and E1. With the introduction of electric trains in the late 1920s, a large number of three-car electric multiple units and two-car trailer sets were

neg: ER2 electric trainset Sign 62-61) They were designed for 3000 V DC. Their construction began in 1962. The basic equipment for these trains were produced by Electric Machinery Plant of Riga. The majority of trainsets were released in the 10-car edition (five countable sections). Some were in the 12-car edition (six countable sections). Separate sections were available (cab + motor + trailer). The electric trains can be used in twelve, ten, eight, and four-car compositions. In the process of the ER2 release, various improvements were introduced in the carriages' construction. They were intended to improve interior, exterior outlook, as well as passengers' and

neg: Watford and Rickmansworth Railway LNWR's slogan ""Live in the Country"". In March 1913, Croxley Green station was burned down; it was suspected that the fire had been started deliberately by suffragettes. Electric services were introduced over the Watford and Rickmansworth Railway on 16 April 1917 worked by tube trains of the London Electric Railway (LER) running through from Queen's Park to Watford on weekdays only until a daily service was introduced in July 1919; this was done to cope with the voltage drop caused by the branch being supplied only from the Watford end. These services were supplemented by LNWR trains from Broad Street

neg: CityRail trains entered service with the plan being that these trains would replace the S sets, although it was revealed in 2013 that some S sets would stay. In October 2012 a new service from Bathurst to Sydney commenced. At the time of it cessation in June 2013, CityRail operated eight electric multiple unit classes for suburban and interurban working and two diesel multiple unit classes. All CityRail electric trains used 1500 V DC overhead electrification and travel on 1,435mm standard gauge tracks. Double deck rollingstock was first introduced in 1964 and after 1996, all electric multiple units were double deck.

neg: British Rail Class 220 serve or companies that have relations with Virgin Trains. When the Class 220s were transferred to the new operator CrossCountry, all the names were removed. All Class 220 Voyagers are now in CrossCountry livery. British Rail Class 220 The Class 220 "Voyager" is a class of diesel-electric high-speed multiple-unit trains built in Belgium by Bombardier Transportation in 2000 and 2001. They were introduced in 2001 to replace the 20-year-old InterCity 125 and 30-year-old Class 47-hauled Mark 2 fleets operating on the Cross Country Route, initially for Virgin Trains and since 2007 by CrossCountry. All coaches are equipped with a Cummins

neg: Berlin Stadtbahn the Berlin Ringbahn, were fully electrified. Therefore, suburban services to Spandau could be moved from the long-distance tracks to the local tracks. The last steam trains disappeared in 1929 when the ring became fully operated by electric trains. Half-ring trains operated only as peak time services. In December 1930 the term "S-Bahn" and the symbol of a white S on a green circle were introduced for the city, ring and suburban services. After World War II, the Stadtbahn lay devastated by bombs, but was rebuilt very quickly. Because Joseph Stalin wanted to travel by train to the Potsdam Conference, the

neg: Chesham branch opened at Chesham on 3 July 1960 to prevent through operations to and from Baker Street from interfering with the Chesham–Chalfont & Latimer shuttle. An electric service using London Underground T Stock began operations between Chesham and Chalfont & Latimer on 16 August 1960, with former MR electric locomotives hauling the through trains to and from London. A steam locomotive was kept on standby in the new second platform at Chesham, in case of a failure of the electric trains. From June 1962 both the T Stock and the locomotive-hauled trains were replaced by the newly introduced London Underground A

neg: British Rail Class 331 British Rail Class 331 The Class 331 "Civity" is a class of electric multiple unit being constructed for Northern by Spanish rolling stock manufacturer CAF. A total of 43 units are to be built: 31 three-car units and 12 four-car units. Construction started in July 2017 and the trains will be phased into service between December 2018 and December 2019. The announcement of the new trains was made by Arriva UK Trains when it was confirmed that it would become the next operator of the Northern franchise from 1 April 2016. CAF were selected by Arriva as they were the

neg: High Capacity Metro Trains High Capacity Metro Trains The High Capacity Metro Trains are a fleet of electric multiple unit (EMU) trains on order for use by Metro Trains Melbourne on the Melbourne rail network. They are due to enter service in mid-2019 and will eventually become the primary rollingstock used in the Metro Rail Tunnel when it opens in 2025. The HCMTs will carry around 1400 passengers in 7 carriages, running on Melbourne's 1500 V DC overhead catenary system, and will be the most advanced trains in the Metro Trains fleet when they are introduced. A consortium of investors and rail companies is

neg: Scottish Region of British Railways These would be greatly reduced in the 1960s. Its most important stations were: The Scottish Region had boundaries with the North Eastern Region near Berwick-upon-Tweed and the London Midland Region near Gretna. Notable line closures in the Scottish Region during the 1960s were: Lines proposed for closure in the Beeching Report, but which escaped the axe and remain open to this day include: Steam traction ended in the 1960s with the introduction of diesel trains, and 25 kV electric trains on the Glasgow Suburban network. The new electric 'Blue trains' with air-operated sliding doors were introduced during the early 1960s

neg: London Underground electric locomotives that were exchanged for a steam engine to run over un-electrified distant sections. The last steam-hauled passenger trains were replaced in 1961. When not hauling passenger trains, the electric locomotives were used for shunting and for hauling departmental trains. Some locomotives, as on the MR, were retained just for these duties. Rather than buy additional locomotive for this work, as was required with the battery-electric locomotives, makeshift locomotives were created from withdrawn passenger vehicles of at least three types, which were modified to haul trains over any part of the system or shunt rolling stock at Acton Works. When the

neg: Railways in Melbourne were approved by the State Government in December 1912. It was envisaged that the first electric trains would be running by 1915, and the project would be completed by 1917. However, progress fell behind because World War I restrictions prevented electrical equipment being imported from the United Kingdom. Rolling stock construction continued, with a number of older suburban carriages converted for electric use as the Swing Door trains, while the first of the Tait trains were introduced as steam hauled carriages. Track expansion was also carried out, with four tracks being provided between South Yarra and Caulfield, as well as

neg: Reading Southern railway station . Electric trains reached on 3 January 1937, and in that year, several electrification schemes were proposed by the Southern Railway, which included the route from Virginia Water to Reading. As part of these works, new berthing sidings were provided at Reading. The electric service from Waterloo to Reading was introduced on 1 January 1939; trains were every 20 minutes at peak times and every 30 minutes off-peak and on Sundays. Most trains ran non-stop between Waterloo and Staines, and on the outward journey they divided at Ascot (with one portion continuing to Guildford via ), whilst on the London-bound

neg: Intercity Express Programme Mark 3 and Mark 4 coaches. Assembly of the trains was to take place in the UK, using Japanese-built bodyshells, with a new factory being established. Additionally new depots for train maintenance were to be constructed. The full- and half-length trains were to be approximately 260 m and 130 m long respectively – the 26 m carriages were to be of aluminium construction, with the power cars of steel. The quoted tare masses for full-length trains (412.5 t for the electric version) exceeded the tender's essential requirements (TS196) by up to 50 tonnes (electric version), power available for traction was

neg: Public transport in the Wellington Region electric multiple units and diesel locomotive-hauled carriages. Electric locomotive-hauled trains were withdrawn in 1988 on the retirement of the EW class electric locomotives, displaced by the EM/ET class "Ganz Mavag" units introduced in 1982. DM/D class "English Electric" units have been withdrawn as they became uneconomical to operate. Several DM/D units were kept for peak services and the Johnsonville Line, where the loading gauge and braking capacity prevented the EM/ET units operating. New carriages were introduced to the Capital Connection in 1998 and the Wairarapa Connection in 2007. They are ex-British Rail Mark 2 carriages, re-gauged and refurbished. They replaced

neg: British Rail Class 503 British Rail Class 503 British Rail Class 503 trains were electric multiple units. They were introduced in two batches. The first were in 1938, by the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) with a further batch (built to a similar design) in 1956 by the then nationalised British Railways (BR). When introduced by the LMS, they were officially known as Class AM3. They were designed for, and operated on, the Wirral & Mersey lines from Liverpool to West Kirby, New Brighton, and Rock Ferry. There were few places on their network of closely spaced stations to attain their maximum speed,

neg: Seibu 10000 series cars 2 and 5 only. The first two trains delivered were introduced in December 1993 on "Koedo" services from Seibu-Shinjuku in Tokyo to Hon-Kawagoe, replacing the former 5000 series "Red Arrow" trains. A further three trainsets were delivered in 1994 and introduced on "Chichibu" services from Ikebukuro in Tokyo to Seibu-Chichibu on 15 October 1994. The trains were refurbished internally between 2003 and 2008, and the old seats were re-used in Chichibu Railway 6000 series and Izukyu 8000 series trainsets. The sets are monoclass with 2+2 abreast reclining seating. Seat pitch is . Seibu 10000 series The is an electric

neg: Flåm Line tracks, NOK 1.5 million for snow protection and NOK 675,000 for electrification. Regular operation with electric locomotives was introduced on 25 November 1944. To begin with, Class 64 railcars were used. NSB had originally planned to use electric multiple units, but changed the plans during the war and instead decided to use locomotives and cars. The Class 64 trains remained in service on the Flåm Line until May 1947. They were normally used on the Hardanger Line, but were regularly taken back into use on the Flåm Line when the traffic was at its lowest. NSB ordered three El 9

neg: Rail transport in Victoria stock introduced on "The Overland", and smaller W type carriage stock on intrastate trains. The first air conditioned carriage was introduced in 1935, when one of the E type carriages was fitted. All steel carriages came to the Victorian Railways in 1927, with the construction of the "Avoca" and "Hopkins" dining cars, followed by the S type carriage stock for the new "Spirit of Progress" in 1937. On the Melbourne suburban network Electric Multiple Units were introduced speeding up services. Experiments were also made with for use smaller branch lines, with the DERM being the most successful, remaining in service

neg: Keretapi Tanah Melayu of the fleet massively retired in 1972. KTM drew its diesel rolling stock from a multitude of locomotive companies from England, Japan, Canada, and more recently, India, Germany and China. The company had also ventured in the use of DMUs (railbus, railcars); none of these services survived. Electric trains were only introduced in 1995 with the launch of the KTM Komuter commuter service. Consisting of three models of 3-car EMUs, the Komuter EMUs, were for a long time the only electric trains in Malaysia. In 2010, introduction of the KTM ETS services from Kuala Lumpur to Ipoh brought electric traction

neg: Metadyne the metadyne system as introduced in 1936 on the O Stock trains was the first in the world to provide regenerative braking on an electric multiple unit. Acceleration was smoother than on a train which switched starting resistances, and when braking the metadyne unit returned power to the tracks, which could be used by other trains if needed. However, conditions were not always ideal, and the substations were not really designed to cope with regeneration, which meant that often the train switched to rheostatic braking, where the power was dissipated in a resistance bank. The weight of the equipment was

neg: Hanshin Main Line response Hanshin began upgrading its interurban mainline to become more railway like operations such as realigning and grade separating street running portions, using high platforms and introduced express trains. In 1968 Kobe Rapid Railway opened its Tōzai Line, and Hanshin began through operations to of Sanyo Electric Railway via Kobe Rapid (And Sanyo trains to of Hanshin and Rokkō of Hankyū). Through limited express trains to were introduced in 2001. Then, the Hanshin Namba Line was extended to , a major junction in southern Osaka. The company announced through trains from Kobe-Sannomiya to in Nara on Kintetsu Nara Line would

neg: MP 59 MP 59 The MP 59 is a rubber tired variant of electric multiple units used on Paris's Métro system, and is the oldest type still in regular passenger service. Manufactured by a consortium between (body), Jeumont-Schneider (control circuits), Alsthom and CEM (motors), they were first introduced in 1963 when the busiest routes of Lines 1 and 4 were converted to rubber tired pneumatic operation. The trains circulated on Line 1 between 1963 and 2000, and Line 4 between 1967 and 2012. Today, 24 trains (originally from Line 1) operate on Line 11. Following the success of the MP 55 rolling

neg: MP 59 developed for Line 11, as well as to replace the MP 73 stock on Line 6. MP 59 The MP 59 is a rubber tired variant of electric multiple units used on Paris's Métro system, and is the oldest type still in regular passenger service. Manufactured by a consortium between (body), Jeumont-Schneider (control circuits), Alsthom and CEM (motors), they were first introduced in 1963 when the busiest routes of Lines 1 and 4 were converted to rubber tired pneumatic operation. The trains circulated on Line 1 between 1963 and 2000, and Line 4 between 1967 and 2012. Today, 24 trains

neg: Caledonian main line Lanark routes were fully available for electric passenger trains. (These trains ran to Glasgow Central High Level, as the Argyle Line had not yet been constructed.) Not all of the platforms at Glasgow Central were electrified at this stage, and when main line electrification was introduced, the remaining non-wired platforms had to be fitted. The southern sections of the West Coast Main Line were electrified in the period to 1969. In April 1970 authorisation was given for the electrification between Weaver Junction (in Cheshire) and Cleghorn Junction (to which the Lanark electrification had already been implemented). By July 1973 the

neg: Rickmansworth station steam train withdrew on 10 September 1961. Electric locomotive-hauled trains on the Metropolitan were replaced with A60 and A62 Stock. In 1987 the shuttle to Watford resumed but only one operated during early morning and late evenings each way. This was later extended to Amersham when the new S8 Stock were introduced. Rickmansworth is still one of few locations on the Met where train drivers are based and remains a changeover point for drivers on the Metropolitan line. The majority of LU trains heading north are timetabled to stop at Rickmansworth for about five minutes to change train staff. Rickmansworth

neg: Landstuhl–Kusel railway diesels of class V100. By the end of the winter 1974/75 timetable, Kaiserslautern locomotive depot (Bahnbetriebswerk) no longer operated steam engines of class 23 and 50 for hauling passenger trains. In 1973, class 218 diesel locomotives were introduced. The class V100 locomotives operated on the line until May 1988. Both classes were used to haul Silberling coaches. In January 2000, the class V100 locomotives once again hauled trains for a few months, because they were less noisy during the winter when train heating was required. From the end of the 1950s to the late 1980s, battery electric railcars of class

neg: North London line the London, Midland and Scottish Railway. These had all been replaced by the early 1960s with dedicated short-wheelbase trains (shared with the Watford DC line) built by the Southern Region at Eastleigh (using underframes built at Ashford) from 1957 which were later designated by British Railways as Class 501 . These were succeeded by Southern Region Class 416 EMU for a short period, these units being allocated to Selhurst depot in south London. Class 416 trains were in turn succeeded by Class 313 EMUs, which worked the route until 2010 when London Overground introduced Class 378 "Capitalstar" four-car dual-voltage electric

neg: Hornby Railways colourful and attractive, but low-market and only clockwork. They probably would have failed in the marketplace because several established U.S. firms could undercut them and Hornby offered no better-class goods or electric models, but the Wall Street Crash precipitated matters. In late 1929, Meccano Ltd. sold its New Jersey factory to the A. C. Gilbert Company and Hornby trains had vanished from the U.S. market by 1930. The leftover inventory was sold in Canada and in the UK and some of the tooling was reused for products in other markets. Meccano introduced its OO scale trains in 1938 under the

neg: Huntingdon railway station through the station causing a major bottleneck in the area. From 1977, when King's Cross suburban electric services were introduced, until the main line to Peterborough was electrified in 1988, local services were provided by a diesel multiple-unit shuttle from Hitchin that started and terminated here – passengers for stations further south had to change at Hitchin onto the King's Cross–Royston outer suburban electric service. Certain East Coast main line services between London, and York or Hull stopped here to provide onward connections for through passengers and offer direct trains to the capital. There were also a number of King's

neg: Hybrid electric vehicle were the Auris Hybrid (427,600), the Yaris Hybrid (388,900), and the conventional Prius (299,100). The top-selling Lexus models are the Lexus RX 400h/RX 450h with 111,100 units, and the Lexus CT 200h with 78,100 units. Since 2006 hybrid car registrations in the UK totaled 257,404 units up to April 2016, including 11,679 diesel-electric hybrids, which were introduced in 2011. The market share of the British hybrid segment climbed from 1.1% in 2010, to 1.2% in 2012, and achieved 1.5% of new car registrations in 2014. Since 2000, when the Prius was launched in the UK, 100,000 Toyota hybrids had been

neg: Yokohama Line run as far as Yokohama Station. trains operate every 20 minutes during the daytime. Yokohama Line services are operated using a fleet of 28 8-car E233-6000 series electric multiple unit (EMU) trains, introduced from 16 February 2014. Through trains to and from the Sagami Line are served by 4-car 205-500 series EMUs. 8-car 205 series EMU trains were introduced in 1988. In these sets, the second car from the Higashi-Kanagawa end had six pairs of doors on each side to allow rapid boarding and disembarking during peak periods. The last 205 series set on the Yokohama Line ran on 23

neg: NSB Class 69 NSB Class 69 NSB Class 69 () is an electric multiple unit used by Norwegian State Railways for a variety of commuter trains on the Norwegian railway system, as well as a few medium distance and branch line trains. It is the most common type of trainset in Norway, although the newer NSB Class 72 has also been introduced. All the trains were built by Strømmen. During the 1960s NSB realized that they would need a new generation of electric multiple units for local traffic. Both the Class 65, 67 and 68 had for thirty years been built with slight

neg: NSB Class 69 09, 10, 13, 15, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 30, 31, 32, 41 NSB Class 69 NSB Class 69 () is an electric multiple unit used by Norwegian State Railways for a variety of commuter trains on the Norwegian railway system, as well as a few medium distance and branch line trains. It is the most common type of trainset in Norway, although the newer NSB Class 72 has also been introduced. All the trains were built by Strømmen. During the 1960s NSB realized that they would need a new generation of electric multiple units for local traffic.

neg: British Rail Class 442 British Rail Class 442 The British Rail Class 442 "Wessex Electrics" are a class of electric multiple-units introduced in 1988 by Network SouthEast on the South Western Main Line from London Waterloo to Weymouth to coincide with the electrification of the line from Bournemouth. Twenty-four five-car units were built by British Rail Engineering Limited's Derby Litchurch Lane Works. Following the privatisation of British Rail, the fleet was sold to Angel Trains and operated by South West Trains up until February 2007, when replaced by Class 444 and Class 450s. After a period in storage, they were leased to Southern for

neg: Liverpool Lime Street railway station the existing service to via and . It was unclear whether suitable electric rolling stock would be available in time for the completion of the work, but it was confirmed during April 2014 that electric trains would be available to operate the new electric services, and the first trains were introduced from March 2015, initially on the service to , with services to , and following over the course of the year. At around 17:45 on 28 February 2017, the station was cut off after a wall collapsed into the cutting between Lime Street and Edge Hill, causing more than

neg: British Rail Class 456 British Rail Class 456 The British Rail Class 456 is an electric multiple-unit passenger train introduced by Network SouthEast on inner suburban services in South London to replace the elderly Class 416 2EPB units. Twenty-four two-car units were built by British Rail Engineering Limited's York Works between 1990–91. Following the privatisation of British Rail, the fleet was sold to Porterbrook and operated by Southern up until late 2013, when they were transferred to South West Trains and heavily refurbished. The trains are now used by the new South Western franchise holder, South Western Railway. They are scheduled to be replaced

neg: Valley Heights Locomotive Depot Heritage Museum was an electric locomotive and freight wagon repair workshop, the electric engines receiving everything from minor repairs to complete overhauls at the depot. A variety of freight wagons were also repaired. The demise of Valley Heights depot began when the more powerful 85 class locomotives were introduced in 1979. The demise was accelerated with the introduction of the 86 class locomotives in early 1983. From the mid-1980s, the number of trains requiring banking from Valley Heights had been reduced to a handful each day, the number of locomotives required for this duty being reduced to three, sometimes as few as

neg: Southend Pier Railway Hassocks. In 1978 the electric railway closed, due to deterioration and the cost of repairs. The 1949 built electric cars were withdrawn, although preserved examples can be found in the Southend Pier Museum and the Lynn Tait Gallery in Leigh-on-Sea. The railway was reopened by Princess Anne on 2 May 1986 after rebuilding to gauge. Two new diesel trains were built by Severn Lamb and introduced on a simplified line comprising a single track with a passing loop and twin track terminal stations. As originally delivered, the trains were liveried in all-over burgundy with a white waist-band, but were repainted

neg: FS Class E.444 FS Class E.444 The FS E.444 is a class of Italian railways electric locomotives. They were introduced in the course of the 1960 until 1975. Starting from 1995, all E.444s were upgraded as E.444R. The locomotives are nicknamed "Tartaruga" (tortoise). The original E.444 class carried a cabside cartoon of a speeding tortoise. The E.444 locomotive was designed in the 1960s as the first Italian electric locomotive capable to reach (in that period first high-speed trains like the Japanese Shinkansen and the French TGV were appearing). Italian railways could boast fast trains like the ETR 200, but they were getting old

neg: London Underground rolling stock cells". Other tube railways opened in the early 20th century using electric multiple units known as gate stock, as access to them was via lattice gates at each end of the car. The earlier railways had electrified the underground sections of their lines by 1907. Pneumatic sliding doors were introduced on tube trains in 1919 and sub-surface trains in the late 1930s. Until the early 1960s an electric locomotive was exchanged for a steam locomotive on Metropolitan line services beyond Rickmansworth. The Victoria line opened in the late 1960s using automatic train operation (ATO), and the last trains ran with

neg: London Victoria station at the same time. The site then covered with of platforms. Overhead electric trains began to run into Victoria on 1 December 1909, to London Bridge. The line to Crystal Palace was electrified on 12 May 1911. Victoria became well known for its Pullman services during the late 19th century. The LB&SCR introduced the first Pullman first-class service to Brighton on 1 November 1875, followed by the first all-Pullman train in the UK on 1 December 1881. Another all-Pullman service was introduced in 1908 under the name of the Southern Belle, then described as "... the most luxurious train in

neg: Ladywell railway station system and electric services commenced on 28 February 1926. Early electric services were worked by early Southern Railway 3-car Electric Multiple Unit trains often built from old SECR carriages. On 30 June 1929 colour light signalling was introduced north of Ladywell. After World War II and following nationalisation on 1 January 1948, the station fell under the auspices of British Railways Southern Region. Colour light signalling was introduced south of Ladywell (as far as New Beckenham) on 4 April 1971. On 13 October 1996 operation of the passenger services passed to Connex South Eastern. Services were subsequently operated by South

neg: South Geelong railway station and Regulations". Therefore, the train, which had to wait, stood at the up home signal. This also prevented South Geelong giving Drysdale an electric staff for trains to approach, while a train waited for a cross, or shunting trains onto the branch line, while another train was approaching. Eventually, on 1 June 1931, passenger trains ceased on the Queenscliff line, and a week later, the Miniature Electric Staff was abolished. Drysdale was abolished as a staff station, and Staff and Ticket was re-introduced between South Geelong and Queenscliff. Gates at the nearby Swanston Street level crossing were provided in 1914.

neg: Woodhead line only main line in the UK with 1.5 kV DC electrification. New electric locomotives for the line were constructed at Gorton locomotive works, Manchester. These were the EM1/Class 76 for freight trains (and some passenger duties) and EM2/Class 77 locomotives for express passenger trains. Given the steep gradients on the line, the locomotives were able to use regenerative braking on their descent from Woodhead. Rheostatic braking was also later added. Additionally, Class 506 electric multiple units were built for suburban services between Manchester, Glossop and Hadfield. A new depot at Reddish on the Fallowfield Loop line, was built in 1954

neg: New Guildford line from 1925 until quite recently, platform 2 was only normally used by down fast Portsmouth trains. The Bay platform was sufficient to cater to the electric service via Cobham, given that services to Guildford via Bookham were rare as trains via Bookham usually terminated at Effingham Junction. On 18 September there was another incident of the same type as in 1925 when a driver overshot the buffers and ran into the station offices, killing the assistant station master. Once again the driver was not familiar with the new type of brakes that had been introduced with the new train stock

neg: Berlin-Schöneweide station rebuilt as a station. As Niederschöneweide and Oberschöneweide were industrialising rapidly, a particularly high number of railways were built in the district. Apart from the state railways, these included tramways and a network of industrial railways called the "Bullenbahn" (bulls railway). In 1890/91, a branch line to Spindlersfeld was opened from the station. This was used for trials of electric suburban passenger trains between 1903 and 1906, although suburban electric trains were not introduced in Berlin until the construction of the S-Bahn in the 1920s. The station was renamed in 1896 as "Niederschöneweide-Johannisthal" at the request of the municipality of

neg: Steam locomotive first electric trains appeared in 1908, making the trip from Rotterdam to The Hague. The first diesels were introduced in 1934. As electric and diesel trains performed so well, the decline of steam started just after World War II, with steam traction ending in 1958. In Poland, on non-electrified tracks, steam locomotives were superseded almost entirely by diesels by the 1990s. A few steam locomotives, however, operate in the regular scheduled service from Wolsztyn. After ceasing on 31 March 2014, regular service resumed out of Wolsztyn on 15 May 2017 with weekday runs to Leszno. This operation is maintained as

neg: Airport Narita Airport Narita The was once a "Rapid" limited-stop suburban rail service in Greater Tokyo operated since April 1991 until March 2018 by East Japan Railway Company (JR East). It ran from to via the Yokosuka, Sōbu, and Narita lines, with a total length of 152.5 km. Only trains heading towards Narita Airport were identified as "Airport Narita"; those on the return journey towards Tokyo were unnamed. See Yokosuka Line for local trains. See Sōbu Line (Rapid) for rapid trains. All "Airport Narita" services were operated using E217 series electric multiple unit (EMU) trains. The "Airport Narita" rapid services were introduced

neg: British Rail Class 306 British Rail Class 306 The British Rail Class 306 was a type of electric multiple unit (EMU) introduced in 1949. It consisted of 92 three-car trains which were used on newly electrified suburban on the Great Eastern Main Line between and London Liverpool Street. Class 306 trains were built to a pre-World War II LNER design by Metro Cammell and Birmingham Railway Carriage and Wagon Company, and were equipped with English Electric traction equipment. Each carriage featured two sets of twin air-operated sliding passenger doors, which could be opened by either the guard or the passengers, who could use buttons

neg: Siemens Desiro Airport Link which provides express and local services between Phaya Thai Station and Suvarnabhumi Airport. Siemens uses the name "Desiro UK" for the DMU and EMU trains operated by various United Kingdom train operators. These trains have a completely different design to the lighter Desiro Classic variant. The trainsets have modern equipment such as toilet waste retention tanks, ergonomic seats, and automated information displays with spoken announcements. The first electric "Desiro UK" units were ordered by South West Trains for both short and long distance service out of London Waterloo to Alton, Basingstoke and the Hampshire/Dorset coast, to replace its

neg: Arendal Line budget, with NOK 12 million being advanced from municipalities and the county. As a temporary remedy to replace the aging trains, Class 92 multiple units were put into service from 1994. The line took electric traction into use on 15 June 1995. NSB introduced Class 68 trains on the line, which were at the time the oldest electric multiple units used by the company. Six months later, NSB stated that unless they received addition grants, many smaller services, including the Arendal Line, would have to be terminated. From July 1997, NSB terminated the night train from Arendal because of lack

neg: 713 series 713 series The is a Japanese AC electric multiple unit (EMU) train type first introduced by Japanese National Railways (JNR) in 1984 and later operated on local services by Kyushu Railway Company (JR Kyushu). As of 1 October 2012, all four of the 2-car sets are still in active service. Based at Kagoshima Depot, the fleet of four 2-car 713 series trains are used on Nippo Main Line services. The 2-car sets, numbered LK1 to LK4, are formed as follows. The KuMoHa 713 car is fitted with one PS101D lozenge-type pantograph. When delivered, the trains were originally painted in cream

neg: Tawa Flat deviation Road was placed underground. Steam Locomotives hauled trains on the deviation between 1935 and 1940 but were generally prohibited from operation on the line after electrification due to the smoke nuisance in the tunnels. With the completion of electrification in 1940, ED class locomotives, first introduced in 1938 for use on this line, were used to haul all goods and passenger trains between Wellington and Paekakariki. DM/D electric multiple units first ran on the line on 5 September 1949. From 1949, ED class, and from their introduction in 1952, EW class electric locomotives continued to haul all long distance passenger

neg: Linden railway station, Wellington in 1952 pulled the majority of passenger trains from 1952 but became redundant with the introduction of EM/ET class multiple units in the early 1980s. The last EW hauled passenger service through Linden was on 11 February 1983. DM/D electric multiple units first ran on the line on 5 September 1949, and the last of this class were withdrawn from service after the arrival of the FT/FP class (Matangi) multiple units in 2011. The EM/ET class multiple units were introduced between 1982 and 1983 to replace locomotive-hauled trains and some of the DM/D electric multiple units and last operated on

neg: Keihan 8000 series in other cars). AC power outlets are provided for each seat. Keihan 8000 series The is an electric multiple unit (EMU) limited express train type operated by the private railway operator Keihan Electric Railway in Japan since 1989. , the fleet consists of ten eight-car trains, formed as follows with four motored ("M") cars and four non-powered trailer ("T") cars. The 8000 series trains were introduced between 1989 and 1990, initially operating as seven-car sets. They were lengthened to eight cars per set with the addition of a type 8800 bilevel car from fiscal 1997. Use of the bilevel car

neg: Wigan North Western railway station introduced Class 319 electric services to Liverpool and Manchester, Virgin Trains services southwards to London Euston and northwards to Glasgow are always operated by electric Pendolino trains. Services southwards to London Euston via Birmingham New Street and northwards to Glasgow and Edinburgh are operated by either electric Pendolino trains or diesel Super Voyager units. Under HS2 and government proposals' high-speed trains would stop there from Glasgow before joining the new HS2 line to Birmingham and London. Post electrification service proposals include an additional hourly fast to Liverpool Lime Street and two new hourly fast services between Wigan and Manchester via

neg: InterCity (British Rail) carriages. HSTs replaced the loco-hauled trains in the 1980s. Gatwick Express – Originally used dedicated Class 423 Electric Multiple Units as part of the Southern Region. Prior to being transferred to InterCity the service ran from London Victoria calling at Clapham Junction, East Croydon (sometimes via Redhill) and Gatwick Airport running via Haywards Heath to Brighton. The service was transferred to InterCity with Class 73 electro-diesel locomotives (electric third-rail current or diesel-powered) hauling Mark 2 coaches and a modified driving motor carriage were introduced in 1984 in push-pull mode. When InterCity took over, the service only served London Victoria and

neg: British Rail Class 502 British Rail Class 502 The British Rail Class 502 was a type of electric multiple unit originally built by the London Midland and Scottish Railway at its Derby Works. Introduced in 1940 and withdrawn by 1980, they spent the whole of their working lives on the electrified railway lines of north Liverpool. The trains were designed to replace older electric trains built by the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway on the lines from Liverpool Exchange station to Southport and Ormskirk. These lines were electrified with a direct current (DC) third rail. The Class 502s entered service between 1940 and 1943. They

neg: Keihan 8000 series Keihan 8000 series The is an electric multiple unit (EMU) limited express train type operated by the private railway operator Keihan Electric Railway in Japan since 1989. , the fleet consists of ten eight-car trains, formed as follows with four motored ("M") cars and four non-powered trailer ("T") cars. The 8000 series trains were introduced between 1989 and 1990, initially operating as seven-car sets. They were lengthened to eight cars per set with the addition of a type 8800 bilevel car from fiscal 1997. Use of the bilevel car does not incur a standalone surcharge. Between 2008 and 2010, the

neg: British electric multiple units at and on the classic DC lines at . In 2011 new trains were introduced on London Underground's Victoria line with IGBT driven AC asynchronous electric motors and regenerative braking. S Stock is being introduced on London Underground sub-surface lines in 8-car sets for the Metropolitan line and 7-car sets for the Circle, District and City and Hammersmith lines. Also with IGBT driven AC asynchronous electric motors and regenerative braking these units have every axle motored and are capable of running from 750 V DC. The first air-conditioned London Underground units there is a wide gangway the length of the

neg: Kawasaki Heavy Industries C151 Kawasaki Heavy Industries C151 The Kawasaki Heavy Industries C151, sometimes abbreviated to C151 or KHI C151 is the first generation electric multiple unit rolling stock in operation on the North South and East West Lines of Singapore's Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) system. These are the oldest trains built for the system; they were introduced in 1987 and are still in operation. Sixty-six trainsets consisting of six cars each and a single money trainset consisting of four cars were purchased. These trains are operated by SMRT Trains. These trains were manufactured from 1986 to 1989 in batches by a Japanese consortium

neg: 165 series use on express services. 165 series The was an express electric multiple unit (EMU) train type introduced in 1963 by Japanese National Railways (JNR). During the early 1960s, the Chūō Main Line and Shinetsu Line were electrified, requiring new EMUs for the express services. New powerful trains were required, as the earlier 153 series trains were designed for operation in flat, warm areas. A number of 165 series trains were converted for use as Joyful Train sets including the following. Nine withdrawn 165 series cars were sold to the Chichibu Railway in 1992 and converted to become Chichibu Railway 3000

neg: 165 series 165 series The was an express electric multiple unit (EMU) train type introduced in 1963 by Japanese National Railways (JNR). During the early 1960s, the Chūō Main Line and Shinetsu Line were electrified, requiring new EMUs for the express services. New powerful trains were required, as the earlier 153 series trains were designed for operation in flat, warm areas. A number of 165 series trains were converted for use as Joyful Train sets including the following. Nine withdrawn 165 series cars were sold to the Chichibu Railway in 1992 and converted to become Chichibu Railway 3000 series 3-car sets for

neg: Harris (train) source separately. Harris (train) The Harris trains were the first steel-bodied Electric Multiple Unit train to operate on the suburban railway network of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. They were introduced in 1956, by the Victorian Railways, and last operated in 1988, although a number of the carriages were converted for other uses and are still operating. They were named after Norman Charles Harris, Chairman of Commissioners of the Victorian Railways, between 1940 and 1950. The Harris trains were commonly referred to as "Blue Trains" due to their deep blue colour, with only a yellow band about halfway up the body. Royal

neg: Harris (train) Harris (train) The Harris trains were the first steel-bodied Electric Multiple Unit train to operate on the suburban railway network of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. They were introduced in 1956, by the Victorian Railways, and last operated in 1988, although a number of the carriages were converted for other uses and are still operating. They were named after Norman Charles Harris, Chairman of Commissioners of the Victorian Railways, between 1940 and 1950. The Harris trains were commonly referred to as "Blue Trains" due to their deep blue colour, with only a yellow band about halfway up the body. Royal blue and

neg: Electric locomotive early 20th century and continue to operate 1,500 V DC Electric Multiple Units, have withdrawn their electric locomotives. In both states, the use of electric locomotives on principal interurban routes proved to be a qualified success. In Victoria, because only one major line (the Gippsland line) had been electrified, the economic advantages of electric traction were not fully realised due to the need to change locomotives for trains that ran beyond the electrified network. VR's electric locomotive fleet was withdrawn from service by 1987 and the Gippsland line electrification was dismantled by 2004. The 86 class locomotives introduced to NSW

neg: British Rail Class 800 electrical cables between the coaches. The Class 802 is similar but has uprated diesel engines and larger fuel tanks. These trains are being assembled at the Hitachi Newton Aycliffe facility, alongside the related Class 801 electric multiple unit, from bodyshells shipped from the Kasado plant in Japan; no body construction takes place in the UK. The Class 800 units are part of the Intercity Express Programme (IEP). On Great Western Railway, they are known as Intercity Express Trains (IET) and when they enter service with London North Eastern Railway, they will be known as Azumas. As part of the UK

neg: Ringbanen electric operations were being laid. The independent municipality of Frederiksberg succeeded in getting the first electric trains to be the line to Frederiksberg, in part because it had contributed financially to the freight bypass and not gotten much passenger service out of it, in part by referring to promises made to when Frederiksberg lost mainline rail service in 1911 when the central station moved. In order to connect the new electric trains to the Frederikssund line it was decided that trains would stop (and reverse) at Vanløse between Frederiksberg and Godthåbsvej. A third connecting curve at Flintholm was built to

neg: Deutsche Bundesbahn 1977. Traction was provided increasingly by diesel and electric engines. With increased use of diesel and electric locomotives, progress was made in decreasing travel time for passengers. New types of passenger trains were introduced such as the Trans Europ Express and the InterCity. Transport of goods also had to compete with the ever-increasing competition from trucks. Furthermore, traditional services such as coal and iron ore shipments declined with the changes in the overall economy. After the introduction of the TGV in France, the ICE system of high speed passenger trains was developed. Significant stretches of new high speed track, like

neg: Cityliner (train) Cityliner (train) The is a limited express train service operated in Japan by the private railway operator Keisei Electric Railway between in Tokyo and in Chiba Prefecture via the Keisei Main Line. The "Cityliner" service was introduced from 17 July 2010, initially operating between Keisei Ueno and , replacing the former "Skyliner" services, which were transferred to the new Narita Sky Access route from that date. The "Cityliner" service operates between Keisei Ueno Station and Keisei Narita Station, stopping at the following stations. "Cityliner" trains are formed of 8-car AE100 series electric multiple unit (EMU) trains previously used on "Skyliner"

neg: Fiat Ferroviaria for trains and was the first (and the only one for several decades) to produce active tilting trains with the trademark of Pendolino. In Italy several classes of Pendolinos were adopted starting from 1976 (ETR 401, ETR 450, ETR 460-65, ETR 480-85 and the Alstom made ETR600. Following the success of the ETR 450 series introduced in Italy in 1988 (the 401 series introduced in 1976 consisted of only 2 trainsets and never operated regular commercial service, working more like an "on-wheel laboratory"), tilting systems including bogies, traction, electric and electronic equipment were ordered by several countries: In 2001 also

neg: Steam generator (railroad) have been largely replaced or converted to fully electric systems. Wisps of steam issuing from normal service cars are now history in the UK, USA, Canada, and much of the rest of the world. In the UK, much preserved stock, including mail-line certified railtour sets, still retains steam heating capability as well as electric heating, and this is still sometimes used when the trains are being operated by steam locomotives or preserved diesels which have had their steam generators restored to service. Notably the Scottish Railway Preservation Society's main-line registered set of Mk1 railtour coaches are dual heat, and one

neg: 117 series 117 series The is a Japanese suburban electric multiple unit (EMU) train type introduced in 1979 by Japanese National Railways (JNR), and currently operated by Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central) and West Japan Railway Company (JR-West). A total of 216 cars were manufactured. When JNR was privatized and divided into the individual JR Group companies, JR Central received 72 cars, while JR-West took possession of 144. The 117 series was first introduced to replace the 113 series trains that had been providing special rapid service in the Keihanshin region on the Tōkaidō Main Line and Sanyō Main Line. 113

neg: Oban railway station Goods Junction S.B. closed on 4 May 1969. Oban Station S.B. closed on 5 December 1982, when a 'no signalman' system of electric token working was introduced on the section from signal box. The last remaining semaphore signals were removed at that time, including the signal gantry. The Radio Electronic Token Block system was introduced in 1988 and the Train Protection & Warning System was installed in 2003. Monday-Friday, there are 7 trains a day, 6 going to Glasgow Queen Street, and 1 terminating at Dalmally. On Saturdays, there are 5 services to/from Glasgow Queen Street. On Sundays until 26

neg: Tokyo Monorail 2000 series Tokyo Monorail 2000 series The is a monorail electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by the Tokyo Monorail on the Tokyo Monorail Haneda Airport Line in Japan since 1997. The 2000 series trains were introduced from 1997 to replace the ageing 700 series and 800 series trains dating from 1982 and to provide increased capacity with the opening of Terminal 2 at Haneda Airport. These trains were the first monorail trains in Japan to use VVVF control. The fleet consists of four six-car sets (numbered 2011 to 2041) as shown below, with four motored ("M") cars and two non-powered

neg: Rail transport 1863. In the 1880s, electrified trains were introduced, leading to electrification of tramways and rapid transit systems. Starting during the 1940s, the non-electrified railways in most countries had their steam locomotives replaced by diesel-electric locomotives, with the process being almost complete by the 2000s. During the 1960s, electrified high-speed railway systems were introduced in Japan and later in some other countries. Many countries are in the process of replacing diesel locomotives with electric locomotives, mainly due to environmental concerns, a notable example being Switzerland, which has completely electrified its network. Other forms of guided ground transport outside the traditional railway