query: when did jehovah 's witnesses get their name

pos: Jehovah's Witnesses problems faced by humanity. The group emerged from the Bible Student movement founded in the late 1870s by Charles Taze Russell, who also co-founded Zion's Watch Tower Tract Society in 1881 to organize and print the movement's publications. A leadership dispute after Russell's death resulted in several groups breaking away, with Joseph Franklin Rutherford retaining control of the Watch Tower Society and its properties. Rutherford made significant organizational and doctrinal changes, including adoption of the name "Jehovah's witnesses" in 1931 to distinguish them from other Bible Student groups and symbolize a break with the legacy of Russell's traditions. Jehovah's Witnesses

pos: Jehovah's Witnesses Bible Student organizations independent of the Watch Tower Society, most of which still exist. By mid-1919, as many as one in seven of Russell-era Bible Students had ceased their association with the Society, and as many as three-quarters by the end of the 1920s. On July 26, 1931, at a convention in Columbus, Ohio, Rutherford introduced the new name – "Jehovah's witnesses" – based on Isaiah 43:10: "'You are my witnesses,' declares Jehovah, 'Yes, my servant whom I have chosen, So that you may know and have faith in me And understand that I am the same One. Before me

pos: Kingdom song In 1905, the 333 songs published in 1890 along with musical notation were released under the title, "Hymns of the Millennial Dawn". This book was released in a number of other languages, mainly in a shortened form. In 1925, "Kingdom Hymns" was published, with 80 songs intended for children and youths. In 1928 "Songs of Praise to Jehovah" was released, which included 337 songs. Following the adoption of the name "Jehovah's witnesses" in 1931, the "Kingdom Service Song Book" was released in 1944 (and revised in 1948), which included 62 songs. This was followed by the release of "Songs to

pos: The Watchtower volumes, known as the "Watchtower Reprints", which have since been reprinted by various Bible Student groups. On 15 October 1931, the magazine was renamed "The Watchtower and Herald of Christ's Presence"; in January 1939, "The Watchtower and Herald of Christ's Kingdom"; from March 1939 until the present, its full name has been "The Watchtower Announcing Jehovah's Kingdom". The stated purpose of "The Watchtower" is to draw attention to the kingdom of God, which Jehovah's Witnesses believe is a real government that will soon replace all earthly governments. According to the magazine's mission statement: THIS MAGAZINE, The Watchtower, honors Jehovah God,

neg: Names of God but with regard to my name Jehovah I did not make myself known to them." While opposers of the faith critique their use of the form “Jehovah”, Jehovah’s Witnesses still hold on to their belief that, despite having scholars prefer the “Yahweh” pronunciation, the name Jehovah adequately transmits the idea behind the meaning of God’s name in English. While they don’t discourage the use of the “Yahweh” pronunciation, they highly consider the long history of the name Jehovah in the English language and see that it sufficiently identifies God’s divine persona. Deus is the Latin word for "god". It was

neg: Jehovah's Witnesses beliefs sovereignty on people, choosing to save only those who want to serve him, even though the course of mankind in general may lead them to harm. Witnesses teach that God must be distinguished by his personal name—"Jehovah". The name is a common modern Latinized form of the Hebrew Tetragrammaton, or four-letter name, transliterated as "YHWH". The use of his personal name is regarded as vital for true worship, and Witnesses usually preface the term "God" with the name "Jehovah". The title, "" (Greek: "Kyrios"), is rarely used by Witnesses when speaking about God. Because no other religion uses the name

neg: Names of God both the quick and dead. Amen." Jehovah's Witnesses believe that God has only one distinctive name, represented in the Old Testament by the tetragrammaton. In English, they prefer to use the form Jehovah. According to Jehovah's Witnesses, the name Jehovah means "He causes to become". Scriptures frequently cited in support of the name include Isaiah 42:8: "I am Jehovah. That is my name", Psalms 83:18: "May people know that you, whose name is Jehovah, You alone are the Most High over all the earth", and Exodus 6:3: "And I used to appear to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob as God Almighty,

neg: Jehovah's Witnesses confidence" in the leadership, avoid skepticism about what is taught in the Watch Tower Society's literature, and "not advocate or insist on personal opinions or harbor private ideas when it comes to Bible understanding." The organization makes no provision for members to criticize or contribute to official teachings and all Witnesses must abide by its doctrines and organizational requirements. Jehovah's Witnesses emphasize the use of God's name, and they prefer the form "Jehovah"—a vocalization of God's name based on the Tetragrammaton. They believe that Jehovah is the only true God, the creator of all things, and the "Universal Sovereign". They

neg: Criticism of Jehovah's Witnesses "restored" on a sound basis, stating that when New Testament writers quote earlier Old Testament scriptures containing the Tetragrammaton (יהוה), "the translator has the right to render Kyrios ("LORD") as Jehovah." The NWT mentions twenty-seven other translations which have similarly rendered "Kyrios" as a form of the name "Jehovah", stating that there is only one verse where the NWT does so without agreement from other translations. The Society has claimed its translation "courageously restores God’s name, Jehovah, to its proper place in the Biblical text, is free from the bias of religious traditionalism, and ... gives the literal meaning of

neg: American Standard Version reasons for their choosing of the ASV were twofold: its usage of "Jehovah" as the Divine Name, which is the literal translation of the Tetragrammaton (YHWH) into Modern English as many early Bible scholars had done before (i.e. Tyndale at Ps. 83:18). They also derived their name from Isaiah 43.10, 12, both of which contain the phrase, "Ye are my witnesses, saith Jehovah." Also, there was a perception that the ASV had improved the translation of some verses in the King James Version, and in other places it reduced the verses that they found to be erroneously translated in the

neg: Jehovah for several centuries. Christian hymns feature the name. The form "Jehovah" also appears in reference books and novels, for example, appearing several times in the novel "The Greatest Story Ever Told" by Roman Catholic author Fulton Oursler. Some religious groups, notably Jehovah's Witnesses and proponents of the King-James-Only movement, make prominent use of the name. In Mormonism, "Jehovah" is thought to be the name by which Jesus was known prior to his birth; references to "the " in the KJV Old Testament are therefore understood to be references to the pre-mortal Jesus. God the Father, who is regarded as a

neg: Jehovah's Witnesses and governments refuse to perform military service (which is obligatory for all male citizens), salute the flag, or swear oaths of allegiance to the state. Singapore has banned all written materials (including Bibles) published by the International Bible Students Association and the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society, both publishing arms of the Jehovah's Witnesses. A person in possession of banned literature can be fined up to S$2,000 (US$1,460) and jailed up to 12 months for a first conviction. In France, a number of court cases have involved Jehovah Witnesses and their organizations, especially on the question of their refusing blood transfusions to

neg: Minersville School District v. Gobitis at school. Minersville, Pennsylvania was predominantly Roman Catholic and there was significant animosity towards the Jehovah's Witnesses. Tensions were already high before this case arose and many viewed this as one way to get back at the Witnesses. As a result, his children were subjected to teasing, taunting, and attacks from the other kids. For Lillian, this meant giving up her status as class president and losing most of her friends. "When I'd come to school," she said, "they would throw a hail of pebbles and yell things like, 'Here comes Jehovah!' Billy's fifth grade teacher attempted to physically force

neg: Jehovah's Witnesses beliefs God's standards of conduct and morality, use of the divine name "Jehovah" in worship, membership of God's "organization", and active support of anointed Christians. Based on a literal interpretation of scriptures such as Revelation 14:1–4, Jehovah's Witnesses believe that exactly 144,000 faithful Christians go to heaven as spirit creatures to rule with Christ in the kingdom of God. They believe that most of those are already in heaven, and that the "remnant" at Revelation 12:17 (KJV) refers to those remaining alive on earth who will be immediately resurrected to heaven when they die. The Witnesses understand Jesus’ words at John

neg: Psalm 83 the Hebrew scriptures 6,828 times) as "LORD", this verse has one of the several occurrences in which it is translated as "JEHOVAH". It is one of the few verses where the phrases "whose name is" or "that is my name" are used (Isa 42:8, Jer 33:2, etc.) in the whole Bible. Notably, for these reasons this particular verse in the King James Bible is widely quoted, particularly by Jehovah's Witnesses, as evidence that "Jehovah" is the personal name of God. Different translations interpret the verse as follows: Psalm 83 Psalm 83 is the last of the Psalms of Asaph, which

neg: Jehovah's Witnesses and the United Nations by setting up ... the United Nations, ... This international organization stands for world sovereignty by political men. For years men without faith in God's kingdom have endeavored to get all people to worship this international image of human political sovereignty as the best hope for earthly peace and security, in fact, the last hope for humanity. To date 111 nations have given worship to this political image by becoming members of it. However, we, as witnesses of the Sovereign God Jehovah, will continue refusing to engage in such idolatrous worship." Jehovah's Witnesses teach that the United Nations is the

neg: Kingdom song non-Witnesses were unintentionally included. In 1984, "Sing Praises to Jehovah" was released, with 225 songs. It was subsequently introduced in many other languages. Many songs in "Sing Praises to Jehovah" were present in the previous two books; some that were found not to have been written by members of Jehovah's Witnesses were excluded. In 2009, the release of a new hymnal, "Sing to Jehovah", was announced. It contains 135 songs, including 42 new songs, and alterations to the melodies and lyrics of others. Reduced editions comprising 55 songs are available in less common languages. Six volumes of orchestral and vocal

neg: Jehovah's Witnesses beliefs implication that the Old Testament is outdated or inferior. They believe that the Hebrew Scriptures (Old Testament) contain prophecy that was fulfilled in Jesus Christ, and that the books of the Christian Greek Scriptures (New Testament) are primarily directed to the 144,000 chosen by God for life in heaven. The Watch Tower Society's "New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures"—the main translation used by Jehovah's Witnesses—renders the name of God as "Jehovah", rather than ' or ' as found in English translations such as the King James Version. Jehovah's Witnesses believe God is the Creator and Supreme Being. Witnesses reject

neg: Jehovah's Witnesses beliefs "Jehovah" with the same prevalence, they believe that only Jehovah's Witnesses are making God's name known. Jehovah's Witnesses believe that Jesus is God's "only-begotten Son", and that his life began in heaven. He is described as God's first creation and the "exact representation of God", but is believed to be a separate entity and not part of a Trinity. Jesus is said to have been used by God in the creation of all other things. Jehovah's Witnesses believe that the Archangel, Michael, "the Word" of John 1:1, and wisdom personified in Proverbs 8 refer to Jesus in his pre-human existence

neg: Bible translations into English Bible promotes the idea that Jesus and early Christians did not drink wine, but grape juice. The Jehovah's Witnesses' "New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures" renders the tetragrammaton as "Jehovah" throughout the Old Testament; it also uses the form "Jehovah" in the New Testament, including but not limited to passages quoting the Old Testament, even though it does not appear in the Greek text. While most translations are made by committees of scholars in order to avoid bias or idiosyncrasy, translations are sometimes made by individuals. The translation of J.B. Phillips (1958), The Bible in Living English (1972) by

neg: Declaration of Facts year he was expelled from the Watch Tower Society, with Rutherford explaining in a letter to German Witnesses that he was surprised "not one of those on trial at that time gave a faithful and true testimony to the name of Jehovah". Rutherford said Balzereit had said nothing to show "his complete reliance on Jehovah" and the Society therefore "will henceforth have nothing to do with him". The Society would also "put forth no effort in seeking to release them from prison even if it had the power to do anything". German historian Detlef Garbe viewed the Declaration as part

neg: Jehovah word, there can be little doubt that it is not "Jehovah"". Despite this, he consistently uses the name "Jehovah" throughout his dictionary and when translating Hebrew names. Some examples include "Isaiah" ["Jehovah's help or salvation"], "Jehoshua" ["Jehovah a helper"], "Jehu" ["Jehovah is He"]. In the entry, "Jehovah", Smith writes: "JEHOVAH (, usually with the vowel points of ; but when the two occur together, the former is pointed , that is with the vowels of , as in Obad. i. 1, Hab. iii. 19:" This practice is also observed in many modern publications, such as the "New Compact Bible Dictionary"

neg: Jehovah's Witnesses beliefs Satan, will be ended by a direct intervention of Jehovah (God), who will use Jesus Christ to fully establish his heavenly government over earth, destroying existing human governments and non-Witnesses, and creating a cleansed society of true worshippers who can live forever. They see their mission as primarily evangelical (disseminating "good news"), to warn as many people as possible in the remaining time before Armageddon. All members of the denomination are expected to take an active part in preaching. Witnesses refer to all their beliefs collectively as "the Truth". Doctrines of Jehovah's Witnesses are established by their Governing Body, which

neg: Minor Party (Unity of the Brethren) observed during their times because of persecution. 4 They believe that images should not be used in worship. 5 They believe that Purgatory is a wrong teaching. 6 They consider Bible as the only basis of faith. Although the Minor Party has similar beliefs with the Jehovah's Witnesses, it is the Major Party who used the Tetragrammaton, the Hebrew name of God, usually translated as Jehovah in English, in their publications. The Minor Party, oppressed by the persecution from other churches and the Major Party, eventually came to dissolution after their last leaders were executed by their persecutors. Some of

neg: Criticism of Jehovah's Witnesses that acceptance of blood fractions from donated blood is a matter of conscience. A 2006 issue of Jehovah's Witnesses' newsletter "Our Kingdom Ministry" stated, "Although [Jehovah's Witnesses] do not donate or store their own blood "for transfusion purposes", some procedures or tests involving an individual’s blood are not so clearly in conflict with Bible principles. Therefore, each individual should make a conscientious decision" [emphasis added]. Raymond Franz has challenged these policies because acceptable blood fractions can only be derived from stored blood provided by donors. Regardless of the medical considerations, Jehovah Witnesses advocate that physicians should uphold the right of

neg: Jehovah-nissi which they enlisted, by which they were animated and kept together, and therefore which they erected in the day of their triumph." Jehovah-nissi According to the Book of Exodus in the Bible, Jehovah-Nissi (Hebrew: יְהוָה נִסִּי) is the name given by Moses to the altar which he built to celebrate the defeat of the Amalekites at Rephidim. The first word of the phrase is the Tetragrammaton , the name of God. It is generally translated in English bibles as "the ". Jehovah is a Christian anglicized vocalization of this name. The Septuagint translators believed "nis·si′" to be derived from "nus"

neg: Jehovah's Witnesses and congregational discipline such action is taken. If a person believes that a teaching should be adjusted or changed, he is encouraged "to be patient and wait on Jehovah for change"."The Watchtower" states that "apostates are "mentally diseased," and they seek to infect others with their disloyal teachings. (1 Timothy 6:3, 4 ["NWT"])."; some have stated that this applies to all individuals who leave the organization. Evidence for actions that can result in congregational discipline is obtained by voluntary confession to the elders or by witnesses of the violation. A minimum of two witnesses is required to establish guilt, based on their understanding

neg: Bible translations concerns, theological issues also drive Bible translations. Some translations of the Bible, produced by single churches or groups of churches, may be seen as subject to a point of view by the translation committee. For example, the New World Translation, produced by Jehovah's Witnesses, provides different renderings where verses in other Bible translations support the deity of Christ. The NWT also translates "kurios" as "Jehovah" rather than "Lord" when quoting Hebrew passages that used YHWH. The authors believe that Jesus would have used God's name and not the customary "kurios". On this basis, the anonymous New World Bible Translation Committee

neg: Jehovah has been used in the "Revised Version" of 1885, the "American Standard Version" in 1901, and the "New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures" of Jehovah's Witnesses in 1961. At , where the King James Version has "Jehovah", the "Revised Standard Version" (1952), the "New American Standard Bible" (1971), the "New International Version" (1978), the "New King James Version" (1982), the "New Revised Standard Version" (1989), the "New Century Version" (1991), and the "Contemporary English Version" (1995) give "" or "Lord" as their rendering of the Tetragrammaton, while the "New Jerusalem Bible" (1985), the "Amplified Bible" (1987), the "New Living

neg: Minersville School District v. Gobitis condemned the "Gobitis" decision as a blow to liberty. On June 8, 1942, Supreme Court Justices Black, Douglas and Murphy stated in their opinion on "Jones v. City of Opelika" that, although they had concurred with the majority in the "Gobitis" case, they now believed that that case had been wrongly decided. Partly because of the violent reaction to its decision, including the lynching of Jehovah Witnesses, the ruling did not stand for long. Frank Murphy in particular regretted his decision, and instructed his clerk to look out for an opportunity to revisit the issue. The elevation of Harlan Fiske

neg: Jehovah-jireh one by Don Moen included on his 1986 debut album "Give Thanks"; various others have covered it, including thrash metal band Deliverance on their 1989 self-titled debut album. Chandra Currelley performed by another song with the same title in the 2006 play "What's Done in the Dark". R&B singer Frank Ocean also uses the name "Jehovah Jireh" in his debut album/mixtape Nostalgia, Ultra in the song is titled 'We All Try" . Organisations bearing the name include Jehovah Jireh Children's Homes in Kenya, founded by Manasses Kuria, and local churches such as Jehovah Jireh Samoan Assembly of God in Victorville,

neg: Magandang Balita Biblia is because Filipinos associated the name "Jehovah" with Protestant leanings (specifically because of the Bible published by Jehovah's Witnesses). Another reason for doing this is to eliminate the confusion on instances where the term "YHWH Elohim" is used; this is translated as ""Panginoong Yahweh"". As is the practice in all the Bible translations in the Philippine languages, place names and personal names followed their Spanish counterparts. The new revision as of 2005, changed some proper names such as "Nabucadnosor" and "Esdras" to the semi-anglicised and more recognisable "Nebucadnezar" and "Ezra", respectively. Likewise, the new revision has its footnotes added and

neg: Religion in Eritrea of religious groups seeking official recognition. Religious groups must renew their registration every year. In 2002, the Roman Catholic Church and the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Eritrea (affiliated with the Lutheran World Federation) were required to submit registration applications and cease religious activities and services until applications were approved. On October 25 1994, the Government revoked the business licenses of Jehovah’s Witnesses due to their refusal to recognize “the temporal government” and take part in the referendum on independence. Jehovah Witnesses have also refused to participate in national service. Political neutrality and conscientious objection to military service are key aspects

neg: Sacred Scriptures Bethel Edition personal worship [they offer] to the Heavenly Father Yahweh" Proponents of Sacred Name Bibles contend that their reputation is damaged by translators who reject the name "Yahweh" in favor of variants they regard as philologically and grammatically impossible. In the Preface, evidence is offered to show how the rendering of "Jehovah" is a serious mispronunciation of the Tetragrammaton. Among some of the politer terms used by scholars to describe the name Jehovah are "morphological monstrosity" and a "mispronunciation", but Bibles that use the name "Jehovah" have gained more popularity than those using "Yahweh". The Assemblies of Yahweh state that all

neg: Jehovah that this name is "traditionally" transliterated as "Jehovah": A few translations use titles such as The "Eternal": Some translations use both "Yahweh" and "": Some translate the Tetragrammaton exclusively as "Yahweh": Following the Middle Ages, some churches and public buildings across Europe, both before and after the Protestant Reformation were decorated with the name Jehovah. For example, the Coat of Arms of Plymouth (UK) City Council bears the Latin inscription, "Turris fortissima est nomen Jehova" (English, "The name of Jehovah is the strongest tower"), derived from . Jehovah has been a popular English word for the personal name of God

neg: Criticism of Jehovah's Witnesses Romans 10:10, which uses the term "public declaration", which may reinforce the imperative to engage in public preaching; John 17:3, which used the term "taking in knowledge" rather than "know" to suggest that salvation is dependent on ongoing study, and the placement of the comma in Luke 23:43, which affects the timing of the fulfillment of Jesus' promise to the thief at Calvary. Also criticized is the NWT's insertion of the name "Jehovah" 237 times in the New Testament without extant New Testament Greek manuscript evidence that the name existed there. Watch Tower publications have claimed that the name was

neg: Assemblies Jehovah Shammah Assemblies Jehovah Shammah is often considered part of the Brethren movement worldwide. It is categorized as such by the World Christian Encyclopedia. Indian Brethren theologian and historian Thottukadavil Eapen Koshy also regards them as such, as did the late Scottish Brethren missionary, Daniel Smith. In Pakistan, unlike India, the Assemblies Jehovah Shammah operate under the "Brethren" label and there is no line of demarcation between them and the older, missionary-founded, Brethren movement. Those who regard the Assemblies Jehovah Shammah as "Brethren" generally categorize them as Open Brethren, in view of their willingness to work and worship together with Christians of

neg: Development of Jehovah's Witnesses doctrine through his holy spirit. A 1930 publication claimed God used "invisible deputies" and "invisible angels" to pass his "messages" to "The Watchtower", although "The Watchtower" told Witnesses it was not necessary for them to understand how this took place. A 1973 policy change to disfellowship tobacco users was explained as a decision that "Jehovah has brought to the attention of his 'holy' people". Watch Tower publications often cite Proverbs 4:18, "The path of the righteous ones is like the bright light that is getting lighter and lighter until the day is firmly established" ("NWT") when explaining the need to change

neg: Jehovah's Witnesses and the United Nations "image of the wild beast" referred to in and the fulfillment of the "disgusting thing that causes desolation" from . Jehovah's Witnesses believe that God will use the United Nations to destroy "false religion", wherein all institutionalized religions except Jehovah's Witnesses will be destroyed. They further believe that after all other religions are destroyed, "a coalition of nations" will then turn against Jehovah's Witnesses to destroy them, but Jehovah will intervene and destroy all political elements. They believe this act of divine intervention will be Armageddon, the final part of the Great Tribulation. In practice, Jehovah's Witnesses "view the United

neg: Criticism of Jehovah's Witnesses reported that Witness publications teach that individuals' consciences are unreliable and need to be subordinated to scripture and to the Watch Tower Society. Beverley describes the belief that organizational loyalty is equal to divine loyalty as the "central myth" of Jehovah's Witnesses employed to ensure complete obedience. Andrew Holden has also observed that Witnesses see no distinction between loyalty to Jehovah and to the movement itself. According to him, Witnesses are "under official surveillance" within the congregation. He noted that members who cannot conscientiously agree with all the movement's teachings are expelled and shunned. He also said that Witnesses are

neg: Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses Society as the "legal governing body" of anointed Jehovah's Witnesses. A year later, in an article opposing the democratic election of congregation elders, the magazine said the appointment of such ones was the duty of "a visible governing body under Jehovah God and his Christ." For several years, the role and specific identity of the governing body remained otherwise undefined. A 1955 organizational handbook stated that "the visible governing body has been closely identified with the board of directors of this corporation." Referring to events related to their 1957 convention, a 1959 publication said "the spiritual governing body of Jehovah’s

neg: Criticism of Jehovah's Witnesses not read criticism of the organization by "apostates" or material published by other religious organizations. Heather and Gary Botting stated, "Jehovah's Witnesses will brook no criticism from within, as many concerned members who have attempted to voice alternative opinions regarding the basic doctrine or application of social pressure have discovered to their chagrin." Heather and Gary Botting argue that the power of the Watch Tower Society to control members is gained through the acceptance of the Society "quite literally as the voice of Jehovah—God's 'mouthpiece'." Franz claims the concept of loyalty to God's organization has no scriptural support and serves

neg: Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses in Nazi Germany improvement in conditions within Germany was unlikely. On February 9, 1934 the Watch Tower Society president sent a strongly worded letter to Hitler, asking the chancellor to allow the Witnesses to assemble and worship without hindrance, warning that if he failed to do so by March 24, the organization would publicise their "unjust treatment" throughout the world. He threatened that Jehovah God would also punish Hitler and destroy him at Armageddon. The society's German branch president Paul Balzereit directed members that they should continue to distribute "The Watchtower", but that meetings be kept to about three to five people in

neg: Jehovah's Witnesses beliefs God and the apostles' loyalty to Christ to promote the view that Witnesses should be loyal to the Watch Tower Society. Sociologist Andrew Holden has observed that Witnesses see no distinction between loyalty to Jehovah and to the movement itself, and other researchers have claimed that challenging the views of those higher up the hierarchical ladder is regarded as tantamount to challenging God himself. Witnesses believe that after the death of the apostles, the Church embarked on a "Great Apostasy", diverging from the original teachings of Jesus on several major points. Influenced by Restorationism in the 19th century, Charles Taze

neg: Jehovah-shammah the saints. Jehovah-shammah Jehovah-shammah is a Christian transliteration of the Hebrew meaning "Jehovah is there", the name given to the city in Ezekiel's vision in . These are the final words of the Book of Ezekiel. The first word of the phrase is the tetragrammaton . Jehovah is a Christian anglicized vocalization of this name. Easton's Bible Dictionary identifies the city in Ezekiel's vision as Jerusalem, and as a type of the gospel Church. Commentaries such as that of Matthew Henry draw attention to the similarities of the vision of the holy city, the new Jerusalem, in the closing chapters

neg: Jehovah-shammah Jehovah-shammah Jehovah-shammah is a Christian transliteration of the Hebrew meaning "Jehovah is there", the name given to the city in Ezekiel's vision in . These are the final words of the Book of Ezekiel. The first word of the phrase is the tetragrammaton . Jehovah is a Christian anglicized vocalization of this name. Easton's Bible Dictionary identifies the city in Ezekiel's vision as Jerusalem, and as a type of the gospel Church. Commentaries such as that of Matthew Henry draw attention to the similarities of the vision of the holy city, the new Jerusalem, in the closing chapters of the

neg: Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses network of anointed ones." At the 2012 Annual Meeting of the Watch Tower Society, the "faithful and discreet slave" was redefined as referring to the Governing Body only and the terms are now synonymous. The following people are members of the Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses (year appointed in parentheses): Prior to 1971, various Watch Tower Society directors were informally identified as members of the "governing body". Jehovah's Witnesses publications began capitalizing "Governing Body" as a proper noun in 1971; "The Watchtower" that year announced "The present Governing Body comprises eleven anointed witnesses of Jehovah." These eleven members are indicated

neg: Jehovah-nissi Jehovah-nissi According to the Book of Exodus in the Bible, Jehovah-Nissi (Hebrew: יְהוָה נִסִּי) is the name given by Moses to the altar which he built to celebrate the defeat of the Amalekites at Rephidim. The first word of the phrase is the Tetragrammaton , the name of God. It is generally translated in English bibles as "the ". Jehovah is a Christian anglicized vocalization of this name. The Septuagint translators believed "nis·si′" to be derived from "nus" (flee for refuge) and rendered it "the Lord My Refuge", while in the Vulgate it was thought to be derived from "na·sas′"

neg: Jehovah pronounced. When read, substitute terms replace the divine name where appears in the text. It is widely assumed, as proposed by the 19th-century Hebrew scholar Gesenius, that the vowels of the substitutes of the name—"Adonai" (Lord) and "Elohim" (God)—were inserted by the Masoretes to indicate that these substitutes were to be used. When precedes or follows "Adonai", the Masoretes placed the vowel points of "Elohim" into the Tetragrammaton, producing a different vocalization of the Tetragrammaton , which was read as "Elohim". Based on this reasoning, the form ("Jehovah") has been characterized by some as a "hybrid form", and even "a

neg: Darby Bible the Jehovah's Witnesses' New World Translation (1961, 1984, 2013) have followed this practice. The footnotes of many editions (such as the 1961 Modified Notes Edition) of Darby Bible's New Testament indicate where "Lord" ("Kurios" in Greek) in the scripture text probably refers to "Jehovah". The 1961 Modified Notes Edition of the Darby Bible includes the 1871 New Testament Preface, which says in part: "All the instances in which the article is wanting before Kurios are not marked by brackets; but I give here all the passages in which Kurios, which the LXX employ for Jehovah, thence transferred to the New

neg: Jehovah's Witnesses M. Metzger and MacLean Gilmour, have said that while scholarship is evident in "New World Translation", its rendering of certain texts are inaccurate and biased in favor of Witness practices and doctrines. Critics of the group such as Edmund C. Gruss, and Christian writers such as Ray C. Stedman, Walter Martin, Norman Klann and Anthony Hoekema state that the "New World Translation" exhibits scholastic dishonesty. Most criticism of the "New World Translation" relates to its rendering of the New Testament, particularly regarding the introduction of the name "Jehovah" and in passages related to the Trinity doctrine. Watch Tower Society publications

neg: Jehovah's Witnesses beliefs the Trinity doctrine, which they consider unscriptural. They view God as the Father, an invisible spirit "person" separate from the Son, Jesus Christ. The Holy Spirit is described as God's "active force", rather than the third part of the Trinity. They believe God, whose personal name is Jehovah, is "infinite, but approachable"; he is not omnipresent, but has a location in heaven; it is possible to have a personal relationship with him as a friend; he is kind and merciful, and would not eternally "torture" wicked people. Being respectful of the principle of free will, he does not force his

neg: Bohumil Müller they would only sign a form renouncing their faith. The SS tried different tactics to get them to sign, but very few did so. After describing various unspeakable tortures he underwent in the course of his four years in Mauthausen, he said: “Towards the end of 1944 Himmler’s special deputy, SS-Hauptsturmbannfüher Kramer, came from Berlin to try and persuade us to sign, with various promises and smooth talk. When he met with the decisively adverse attitude of the Witnesses, repressions against us started. We were distributed into blocks, so that nowhere would two brothers [Witnesses] live together. The camp commander

neg: Jehovah that although the original pronunciation of has been obscured by disuse of the spoken name according to oral Rabbinic law, well-established English transliterations of other Hebrew personal names are accepted in normal usage, such as Joshua, Jeremiah, Isaiah or Jesus, for which the original pronunciations may be unknown. They also point out that "the English form "Jehovah" is quite simply an Anglicized form of Yhovah," and preserves the four Hebrew consonants "YHVH" (with the introduction of the "J" sound in English). Some argue that "Jehovah" is preferable to "Yahweh", based on their conclusion that the Tetragrammaton was likely tri-syllabic originally,

neg: Jehovah-jireh California, USA. Jehovah-jireh In the Book of Genesis, Jehovah-jireh or Yahweh Yireh (Jehovah/Yahweh will provide) was a place in the land of Moriah. It was the location of the binding of Isaac, where God told Abraham to offer his son Isaac as a burnt offering. Abraham named the place after God provided a ram to sacrifice in place of Isaac. The phrase continues to be used among Christians. In Hebrew, the name is , "YHWH yirʾe" The first word of the phrase is the Tetragrammaton (), "YHWH", the most common name of God in the Hebrew Bible, which is usually

neg: Jehovah-jireh Jehovah-jireh In the Book of Genesis, Jehovah-jireh or Yahweh Yireh (Jehovah/Yahweh will provide) was a place in the land of Moriah. It was the location of the binding of Isaac, where God told Abraham to offer his son Isaac as a burnt offering. Abraham named the place after God provided a ram to sacrifice in place of Isaac. The phrase continues to be used among Christians. In Hebrew, the name is , "YHWH yirʾe" The first word of the phrase is the Tetragrammaton (), "YHWH", the most common name of God in the Hebrew Bible, which is usually given the

neg: Jehovah separate individual, is sometimes referred to by the proper name "Elohim". Transcriptions of similar to "Jehovah" occurred as early as the 12th century. Jehovah Jehovah ( ) is a Latinization of the Hebrew , one vocalization of the Tetragrammaton (YHWH), the proper name of the God of Israel in the Hebrew Bible and one of the seven names of God in Judaism. The consensus among scholars is that the historical vocalization of the Tetragrammaton at the time of the redaction of the Torah (6th century BCE) is most likely Yahweh. The historical vocalization was lost because in Second Temple Judaism,

neg: Jehovah's Witnesses and salvation of Jehovah. Salvation is described as a free gift from God, but is said to be unattainable without good works that are prompted by faith. The works prove faith is genuine. Preaching is said to be one of the works necessary for salvation, both of themselves and those to whom they preach. They believe that baptism as a member of Jehovah's Witnesses is "a vital step toward gaining salvation", and that people can be "saved" by identifying God's organization. They also believe that conforming to the moral requirements set out in the Bible is essential for salvation. The Witnesses reject

neg: Eschatology of Jehovah's Witnesses on" from then until Jesus began ruling in October 1914. Secular historians date the event of Jerusalem's destruction to within a year of 587 BC. The Witnesses' alternative chronology produces a 20-year gap between the reigns of Neo-Babylonian Kings Amel-Marduk (rule ended 560 BC) and Nabonidus (rule began 555 BC) in addition to the intervening reigns of Neriglissar and Labashi-Marduk, despite the availability of contiguous cuneiform records. They teach that after the war of Armageddon, Jesus will rule over earth as king for 1000 years after which he will hand all authority back to Jehovah. Jehovah's Witnesses teach that since

neg: History of Jehovah's Witnesses Armageddon was redefined in 1925 as a battle between God and Satan, resulting in the overthrow of human governments and false religion and a 1926 "Watchtower" article introduced a new emphasis on the importance of the name "Jehovah". From 1926 publications began discrediting earlier teachings on the importance of Christian "character development" or personal "sanctification" and a year later they discarded the teaching that Russell had been the "faithful and wise servant" of Matthew 24:45–47. By then the Watch Tower Society had rejected the belief that Russell alone had been the sole channel of scriptural enlightenment. In 1927 the Society

neg: Criticism of Jehovah's Witnesses God’s Word as accurately as possible." Jason BeDuhn, associate professor of religious studies at Northern Arizona University, in Flagstaff, Arizona, compared major translations for accuracy. He stated that whilst there are "a handful of examples of bias in the [New World Translation (NW)]", that "most of the differences are due to the greater accuracy of the NW as a literal, conservative translation of the original expressions of the New Testament writers." He also wrote that the NWT's introduction of the name "Jehovah" into the New Testament 237 times was "not accurate translation by the most basic principle of accuracy". He

neg: Jehovah (Special Crusade Edition) of 1967 and "Peloubet's Bible Dictionary" of 1947. The following versions of the Bible render the Tetragrammaton as "Jehovah" either exclusively or in selected verses: Bible translations with the divine name in the New Testament: Bible translations with the divine name in both the Old Testament and the New Testament: render the Tetragrammaton as "Jehovah" either exclusively or in selected verses: The Douay Version of 1609 renders the phrase in Exodus 6:3 as "and my name Adonai", and in its footnote says: "Adonai is not the name here vttered to Moyses but is redde in place of

neg: Grimké sisters and consequently from happiness, but not from equality. Let us next examine the conduct of this fallen pair, when Jehovah interrogated them respecting their fault. They both frankly confessed their guilt. "The man said, the woman who thou gavest to be with me, she gave me of the tree and I did eat. And the woman said, the serpent beguiled men and I did eat." And the Lord God said unto the woman, "Thou wilt be subject unto they husband, and he will rule over thee." That this did not allude to the subjection of woman to man is manifest,

neg: Aniconism artistic depictions of biblical figures, including those of Jesus and Mary. The Amish continue to avoid photographs or any depictions of people; their children's dolls usually have blank faces. Among Jehovah's Witnesses, followers are prohibited from wearing religious themed jewelry displaying icons such as the cross, as idol worship is prohibited. Having images or sculptures of Jesus, Jehovah (God), and angels are also considered a taboo according to their interpretation of Exodus 20:4,5 and 1 Corinthians 10:14. Followers are also admonished to avoid any objects portraying depictions of the supernatural. The Qur'an, the Islamic holy book, does not explicitly prohibit

neg: Jehovah the vnknowen name". The Challoner revision (1750) uses "ADONAI" with a note stating, "some moderns have framed the name Jehovah, unknown to all the ancients, whether Jews or Christians." Various Messianic Jewish Bible translations use "Adonai" (Complete Jewish Bible (1998), Tree of Life Version (2014) or "Hashem" (Orthodox Jewish Bible (2002)). A few sacred name Bibles use the Tetragrammaton instead of a generic title (e.g., the LORD) or a conjectural transliteration (e.g., Yahweh or Jehovah): Most modern translations exclusively use "Lord" or "", generally indicating that the corresponding Hebrew is "Yahweh" or "YHWH" (not "JHVH"), and in some cases saying

neg: Ruchika Girhotra case when evidence of only two prosecution witnesses was remaining. The grounds claimed was that Rathore knew Ritu's father and that Rathore's son Rahul was friendly with Ritu. Surprisingly, the CBI didn’t object. In his reply filed in February 2006, S S Lakra, the then Additional Superintendent of Police, New Delhi, said he did not object to the transfer, allegedly so the case would "conclude expeditiously". The case was then transferred to Patiala. Again when the case was at the last stage, Rathore accused the then Special CBI Judge of Patiala, Rakesh Kumar Gupta, of overawing the defence witnesses and scolding

neg: 1999 Matamoros standoff to Kevin C. Whaley, former head of the DEA offices in Houston. He explained to him why they did not get out of the vehicle when Cárdenas Guillén ordered them to do so. He told him that he if did as Cárdenas Guillén asked him, they would have likely been killed. He said he accepted the fact of dying in the vehicle in front of several eye-witnesses. DuBois said that this deterred the gunmen from killing them. He also stated that their refusal to follow their orders confused the gunmen, since he said they rarely have people stand up against

neg: Kingdom song an edition of their previous hymnal "Sing to Jehovah" was available in 171 languages, including several sign languages. In addition to songbooks containing sheet music and lyrics, releases in various audio formats have included vocals in several languages, piano instrumentals, and orchestral arrangements. The orchestral arrangements, referred to as Kingdom Melodies, are drawn from the three most-recent collections. In the late 19th century, the Bible Students (from which Jehovah's Witnesses arose) used many well-known songs and melodies. They also used well-known melodies with their own lyrics. The prefaces of "Songs of the Bride" and "Poems and Hymns of Dawn" indicate

neg: Antratsyt mm. Orthodox Christianity is the predominant religion in Antratsyt with five churches (Holy Protection, St. Alexander Nevsky, St. George, St. Kazan, Mother of God "Skoroposlushnitsa" Nina Apostles Church). Other active religions include Jehovah Witnesses, Baptists, and Islam. The Church of Alexander Nevsky in the outskirt village Bokovo-Platov is considered an architectural monument as it was built in 1954 and survived damage when outlawed by the Soviets. Healthy living is important to the people of Antratsyt. There are many sports teams, music bands, dance groups, and clubs held either in the sports complex "Swimming Pool" or the adjoining stadium. There are

neg: Shofetim (parsha) time when Deuteronomy was composed’. The law in , establishing that the rural Levites who came to Jerusalem were equal in rank and privilege with their fellow-tribesmen already ministering there, was not carried out during Josiah's religious reforms. states that when Josiah "brought all the priests from the cities of Judah, and defiled the high places where the priests had burned incense, from Geba to Beersheba, the priests of the high places came not up to the altar of Jehovah at Jerusalem but they did eat unleavened bread among their brethren". The Pulpit Commentary explains that this was because "their

neg: Jehovah's Witnesses With these interpretations, Jehovah's Witnesses' publications have made various predictions about world events they believe were prophesied in the Bible. Failed predictions have led to the alteration or abandonment of some doctrines. Some failed predictions had been presented as "beyond doubt" or "approved by God". The Watch Tower Society rejects accusations that it is a false prophet, stating that its interpretations are not inspired or infallible, and that it has not claimed its predictions were "the words of Jehovah." Chryssides has suggested that with the exception of statements about 1914, 1925 and 1975, the changing views and dates of the

neg: Jehovah's Witnesses developed feelings of self-importance and craved worship. Satan influenced Adam and Eve to disobey God, and humanity subsequently became participants in a challenge involving the competing claims of Jehovah and Satan to universal sovereignty. Other angels who sided with Satan became demons. Jehovah's Witnesses teach that Satan and his demons were cast down to earth from heaven after October 1, 1914, at which point the end times began. They believe that Satan is the ruler of the current world order, that human society is influenced and misled by Satan and his demons, and that they are a cause of human

neg: Jehovah's Witnesses guidance of the holy spirit, and direction from Jesus Christ and angels. The Society also teaches that members of the Governing Body are helped by the holy spirit to discern "deep truths", which are then considered by the entire Governing Body before it makes doctrinal decisions. The group's leadership, while disclaiming divine inspiration and infallibility, is said to provide "divine guidance" through its teachings described as "based on God's Word thus ... not from men, but from Jehovah." The entire Protestant canon of scripture is considered the inspired, inerrant word of God. Jehovah's Witnesses consider the Bible to be scientifically

neg: Butthole Surfers like I've done doing that for a while, so it's time to make a new Butthole Surfers album. Especially now that Trump is president, jeez! If there was ever a time for a Butthole Surfers album it's fucking now. It just doesn't get any weirder than that." The band did not begin as Butthole Surfers, although they did have a song of that title, possibly an early version of 1984's "Butthole Surfer". This changed at their first paid concert, when an announcer forgot what the band was called and used the song title for the group's name. They decided to

neg: Jehovah-jireh site of the Temple built by Solomon. The Targumim do not regard "Jehovah-jireh" as a proper name. Considering the passive construction of Abraham's words in verse 14, "In the mount of the it shall be seen", Calvin comments that it teaches "that God not only looks upon those who are his, but also makes his help manifest to them..." John Wesley and Matthew Henry go further, suggesting that "perhaps it may refer to God manifest in the flesh." "Jehovah Jireh" is the title of an 1867 book by William Plumer. "Jehovah Jireh" is the title of several modern songs, including

neg: Jehovah "Pugio fidei". The name "Jehovah" appeared in all early Protestant Bibles in English, except Coverdale's translation in 1535. The Roman Catholic Douay-Rheims Bible used "the Lord", corresponding to the Latin Vulgate's use of "Dominus" (Latin for "Adonai", "Lord") to represent the Tetragrammaton. The "Authorized King James Version", which used "" in a few places, most frequently gave "the " as the equivalent of the Tetragrammaton. The name "Jehovah" appeared in John Rogers' "Matthew Bible" in 1537, the "Great Bible" of 1539, the "Geneva Bible" of 1560, "Bishop's Bible" of 1568 and the "King James Version" of 1611. More recently, it

neg: Jehovah-shammah Christian Bible, ; these include the square plan, the twelve gates, and the presence of God. Jehovah-Shammah is therefore understood not merely as a name but as a description of the future reality. Charles Spurgeon preached his New Year sermon in 1891 on this text in Ezekiel, declaring: It is esteemed by the prophet to be the highest blessing that could come upon a city that its name should be, JEHOVAH-SHAMMAH, The Lord is there. The phrase is also the title of a Christian hymn written published in 1816 whose theme is God's protection of Jerusalem, the eternal home of

neg: Murder of Rhys Jones Children's Hospital. Local radio station Radio City 96.7's programmes on the night of the incident, in particular the 10pm2am show, was dedicated to an amnesty for witnesses and a talk on gun crime. Radio City also launched their anti-gun-crime campaign (backed by Jones' parents), In Rhys's Name Get Guns Off Our Streets, after the incident. Detectives arrested and later released four people aged between 15 and 19 in connection with the crime. Two further arrests (both teenagers) were made, but both suspects were soon released on bail pending further inquiries. The police appealed to the public for information, stating that

neg: Law & Order and time of death (sometimes obtaining the victim's identity from dental records or fingerprints) which the detectives will read about in the M.E.'s autopsy report and by talking to the M.E. who performed it. When the detectives know the victim's identity they will inform their relatives or loved ones of their death and attempt to get more information on the victim's life and possible suspects. The detectives continue their investigation by interviewing witnesses and possible suspects, all the while tracing the victim's last known movements and victim's state of mind (by talking to the victim's family, friends and co-workers). Sometimes

neg: Mormon cosmology same as Jesus Christ himself did in the flesh and like us." According to Mormon belief, Jesus is identified as the god Jehovah, the YHWH of the Old Testament. Jehovah received a body when he was born to the Virgin Mary and was named Jesus. Jesus was the Son of God—the father of his physical body was God the Father. Because Jesus was the Son of God, he had power to overcome physical death. Because he lived a perfect and sinless life, Jesus could offer himself as an "infinite and eternal" sacrifice that would be required to pay for the

neg: Jehovah's Witnesses with God's spirit-directed organization," though Witness publications say baptism symbolizes personal dedication to God and not "to a man, work or organization." Their literature emphasizes the need for members to be obedient and loyal to Jehovah and to "his organization," stating that individuals must remain part of it to receive God's favor and to survive Armageddon. The organization produces a significant amount of literature as part of its evangelism activities. The Watch Tower Society has produced over 220 million copies of the "New World Translation" in whole or in part in over 160 languages. "The Watchtower" and "Awake!" are the

neg: Elizabeth Vargas former members of organizations considered cults, talking to them about how they became involved and their allegations of abuse. The series has talked to former members of NXIVM, Twelve Tribes, Unification Sanctuary Church, The Family International, Jehovah Witnesses and the United Nation of Islam. After three years of dating, on July 20, 2002, Vargas married singer-songwriter Marc Cohn. They have two sons, Zachary Raphael Cohn (born January 31, 2003) and Samuel Wyatt Cohn (born August 16, 2006). Vargas also has two stepchildren, Max and Emily, from Cohn's first marriage. In August 2014, "Entertainment Tonight" reported that Vargas and Cohn were

neg: Jerry Falwell not want to put any of the Jerry Falwell Ministries in a position where we might be subservient to a future Bill Clinton, God forbid. ... It also concerns me that once the pork barrel is filled, suddenly the Church of Scientology, the Jehovah Witnesses "", the various and many denominations and religious groups—and I don't say those words in a pejorative way—begin applying for money—and I don't see how any can be turned down because of their radical and unpopular views. I don't know where that would take us." In the 1980s Falwell said that sanctions against the apartheid

neg: Jehovah-nissi (hoist; lift up) and was rendered "Jehovah Is My Exaltation". In many modern Christian translations, such as the New International Version, the name is translated “the is my banner." Nes (nês), from which Nissi derived, means "banner" in Hebrew. The chapter recounts that Israel had the advantage over Amalek as long as Moses, watching the battle from a vantage point, held his staff aloft. Matthew Henry considered that "Jehovah-nissi–The Lord is my banner" "probably refers to the lifting up of the rod of God as a banner in this action. The presence and power of Jehovah were the banner under

neg: Origins of Rabbinic Judaism el-Kom in the Judea piedmont, Hebrew inscriptions have been found that mention 'Jehovah and his Asherah', 'Jehovah Shomron and his Asherah', 'Jehovah Teman and his Asherah'. The authors were familiar with a pair of gods, Jehovah and his consort Asherah, and sent blessings in the couple's name." In 332 BCE the Persians were defeated by Alexander the Great. After his demise, and the division of Alexander's empire among his generals, the Seleucid Kingdom was formed. During this time currents of Judaism were influenced by Hellenistic philosophy developed from the 3rd century BCE, notably among the Jewish diaspora in Alexandria, culminating

neg: New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures released online starting with the books of the New Testament, based on the 2013 revision with additional reference material.. In its review of Bible translations released from 1955 to 1985, "The HarperCollins Bible Dictionary" listed the "New World Translation" as one of the major modern translations. The "New Catholic Encyclopedia" says of the "New World Translation" reference edition: "[Jehovah's Witnesses]' translation of the Bible [has] an impressive critical apparatus. The work is excellent except when scientific knowledge comes into conflict with the accepted doctrines of the movement." It criticizes the NWT's rendering of "Kyrios" as "Jehovah" in 237 instances in

neg: Bible translations into Malayalam characters and events. It renders the Greek term "kyrios" (Lord) as Jehovah (യഹോവ) in the New Testament when quoting Old Testament verses containing the Tetragrammaton. The translator assumes that Tetragrammaton originally appeared in New Testament but was later replaced by Christian copyists with Lord ("Kyrios" in Greek) following the Jewish tradition evident in later copies of Septuagint. In collaboration with "Church centric bible translation", Free Bibles India has published a Malayalam translation online. In 2009, Jehovah's Witnesses released the New Testament in Malayalam, and in 2016 the complete New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures was released. It is available

neg: Willem Dafoe met in Rome at the premiere of one of her films. Dafoe said in 2010, "We were having lunch and I said: 'Do you want to get married tomorrow?'" They did so the following afternoon at a small ceremony with two friends as witnesses. The couple worked together on her films "Before It Had a Name" and "A Woman". They divide their time among Rome, New York City, and Los Angeles. He now holds both Italian and American citizenship. Dafoe is a vegetarian and avoids eating meat "because animal farms are one of the main causes of the destruction of

neg: God as the devil Jesus changed the tradition way of praying as on Psalm where Jehovah name is quoted to only using Father and his name, in the entire gospel he never praised Jehovah but indicated that Satan is in charge of the World, He said to his disciples that as per Jehovah will strike the shepherd and the sheep will scatter, and he will raise his hand against the weak as Matthew quotes yet Luke indicate Jesus having said to Peter Satan wanted to swift all like a wheat but he prayed for him that his faith may not end. He told the

neg: Livingston, West Lothian Ladywell), Jehovah's Witnesses (who have two congregations: Livingston Deans and Livingston Dedridge) and the Free Church. The Church of Jesus Christ Latter Day Saints has a branch in Deans. In Livingston there are three Catholic Churches. Saint Peters, in Carmondean, Saint Andrews in Craigshill, and St Philips in Dedridge. There is a mosque in the Craigshill area of the town called Livingston Mosque and Community Centre and also another within the Deans area. In recent years Jehovah Witnesses have built a Kingdom Hall in Eliburn. Livingston is twinned with: http://www.westlothian.gov.uk/media/downloaddoc/1799479/Applying_for_a_House/Housingapplication2011 Livingston, West Lothian Livingston (, ) is the largest town

neg: Mormonism and authority have argued that a complete apostasy of the Christian church is impossible, because Christ is perfect. The Mormon belief is that Jesus, as Jehovah, also guided the Old Testament prophets and their followers, but that there are biblical descriptions of many apostasies amongst them, evidencing that Jehovah, who was perfect, did not intercede to prevent mankind from using agency and corrupting the true teachings and practices established through the prophets. Most Christians believe that the canon of scripture is closed. Mormons believe in an open canon of scripture and accept the Bible, the Book of Mormon, the Doctrine and Covenants,

neg: John S. Carter (Latter Day Saints) my words. Smith's record from June 24, 1834, while the camp was in Clay County, Missouri, states: This night the cholera burst forth among us, and about midnight it was manifested in its most virulent form. Our ears were saluted with cries and moanings and lamentations on every hand; even those on guard fell to the earth with their guns in their hands, so sudden and powerful was the attack of this terrible disease. At the commencement, I attempted to lay on hands for their recovery, but I quickly learned by painful experience, that when the great Jehovah decrees destruction

neg: Eschatology of Jehovah's Witnesses in Revelation 17:3-6 as the "world empire of false religion" During the final great tribulation, all other religions will be destroyed by "crazed" member governments of the United Nations, acting under the direction of Jehovah. Witness publications identify the United Nations as the "beast" to whom the "ten kings" of Revelation 17:12,13 give their "power and authority." Watch Tower Society eschatological teachings are based on the earliest writings of Charles Taze Russell, but have undergone significant changes since then. Many of the changes reflect altered views on the significance of the dates 1874, 1914, 1918, and 1925. The Second Adventists

neg: Problem of evil in a challenge involving the competing claims of Jehovah and Satan to universal sovereignty. Other angels who sided with Satan became demons. God's subsequent tolerance of evil is explained in part by the value of free will. But Jehovah's Witnesses also hold that this period of suffering is one of non-interference from God, which serves to demonstrate that Jehovah's "right to rule" is both correct and in the best interests of all intelligent beings, settling the "issue of universal sovereignty". Further, it gives individual humans the opportunity to show their willingness to submit to God's rulership. At some future time

neg: Religion in Guyana 7% of the population (around 52,900 people). However, regions 1, 8, and 9 are 33.8%, 39.8%, and 50.1% Catholic, respectively. Seventh-day Adventists account for 5% of the total population, or 40,400 people. It is most popular in Cuyuni-Mazaruni, or region 7, where Seventh-day Adventists make up 17.3% of the region. Its lowest is in region number 9, with only 2.1% of Guyanese listing their religious adherence as Seventh-Day Adventism. Jehovah Witnesses make up around 1.3% (or a bit over 9,600 people) of Guyana's total population. The religion is most popular in Barima-Waini (region 1) and Upper Demerara-Berbice (region 10); about

neg: Sacred Name Bible either "Yahweh" or "Jehovah" in the Old and New Testaments, but are not generally considered Sacred Name Bibles: These versions use either "Yahweh" or "Jehovah" only in the Old Testament: Sacred Name Bible Sacred Name Bibles are Bible translations that consistently use Hebraic forms of God's personal name, instead of its English language translation, in both the Old and New Testaments. Some Bible versions, such as the Jerusalem Bible, employ the name Yahweh, a transliteration of Hebrew YHWH, in the English text of the Old Testament, where traditional English versions have . Most sacred name versions use the name Yahshua,

neg:
Darby Bible light. Genesis 2:4
 These are the histories of the heavens and the earth, when they were created, in the day that Jehovah Elohim made earth and heavens, Isaiah 34:14
 And there shall the beasts of the desert meet with the jackals, and the wild goat shall cry to his fellow; the Lilith also shall settle there, and find for herself a place of rest. Psalm 119:89
 LAMED. For ever, O Jehovah, thy word is settled in the heavens. Matthew 6:9-13
 Thus therefore pray *ye*: Our Father who art in the heavens, let thy name be sanctified, let thy kingdom come,

neg: Anahuac Disturbances or trial by jury. Most assumed they were still covered by the United States Bill of Rights. Jack threatened Bradburn, who arrested him again. Travis and Jack then began plotting their escape. They attempted to smuggle letters to David G. Burnet, a fellow instigator; the letters called on Texans to aid them, but stopped short of calling for armed rebellion. Bradburn intercepted the letters before delivery. Although settlers at first did not get involved, they became alarmed at learning that Bradburn was taking statements from potential witnesses without allowing Travis, Jack, or their legal representation to speak with the witnesses.

neg: Jehovah theologian John Gill puts forward the arguments of 17th-century Johannes Buxtorf II and others in his writing, "A Dissertation Concerning the Antiquity of the Hebrew Language, Letters, Vowel-Points and Accents". He argued for an extreme antiquity of their use, rejecting the idea that the vowel points were invented by the Masoretes. Gill presented writings, including passages of scripture, that he interpreted as supportive of his "Jehovist" viewpoint that the Old Testament must have included vowel-points and accents. He claimed that the use of Hebrew vowel points of , and therefore of the name "Jehovah" , is documented from before 200

neg: Jehovah Wanyonyi Jehovah Wanyonyi Jehovah Wanyonyi (1924 – 18 July 2015) was a self-proclaimed god who lived in Chemororoch village in Uasin Gishu County, western Kenya. He claimed to be the Almighty God and deemed Jesus Christ to be his son. He considered Mount Elgon which is near his home to be Mount Zion. He died on July 18, 2015 at the age of 91. He also claimed to be able to cure AIDS, and had stated that he would punish Kenya if the country did not give him 3 billion Kenyan shillings ($34.6 million). He referred to his ministry as the

neg: Trinity The three angels did indeed appear to Abraham as three men, but they are only a symbolic representation of the Trinity, which should not be taken literally as three distinct persons. In the Old Testament, Swedenborg finds the earliest direct reference to a Trine in the Divinity in the account of Moses' encounter with the Lord in Exodus which states, "And Jehovah passed by upon his face, and called, Jehovah, Jehovah, a God merciful and gracious." Some Christians interpret the theophanies or appearances of the Angel of the Lord as revelations of a person distinct from God, who is nonetheless