query: who invented the automobile in the united states

pos: History of the automobile basis of the buggy, which he began building in 1865, was a high-wheeled carriage with bracing to support a two-cylinder steam engine mounted on the floor. One of the first "real" automobiles was produced by Frenchman Amédée Bollée in 1873, who built self-propelled steam road vehicles to transport groups of passengers. The first carriage-sized automobile suitable for use on existing wagon roads in the United States was a steam-powered vehicle invented in 1871 by Dr. J.W. Carhart, a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in Racine, Wisconsin. It induced the State of Wisconsin in 1875 to offer a $10,000 award

neg: Timeline of United States inventions (1890–1945) clip was invented in 1911 by Washington, D.C. resident Louis E. Baltzley who was motivated by a desire to help his father, Edwin, a prolific writer and inventor, keep manuscripts in order. The original design was modified five times, but the essential mechanism has never changed. 1911 Automobile self starter An automobile self-starter is an electric motor that initiates rotational motion in an internal combustion engine before it can power itself, therefore eliminating the hand crank used to start engines. In 1911, Charles F. Kettering invented the automobile self-starter while working at National Cash Register and then sold them for

neg: Auto polo Auto polo Automobile polo or Auto polo was a motorsport invented in the United States with rules and equipment similar to equestrian polo but using automobiles instead of horses. The sport was popular at fairs, exhibitions and sports venues across the United States and several areas in Europe from 1911 until the late 1920s; but it was dangerous and carried the risk of injury and death to the participants and spectators, and expensive damage to vehicles. The official inventor of auto polo is purported to be Ralph "Pappy" Hankinson, a Ford automobile dealer from Topeka who devised the sport as

neg: Auto polo objects into motorcycle wheels". Auto polo Automobile polo or Auto polo was a motorsport invented in the United States with rules and equipment similar to equestrian polo but using automobiles instead of horses. The sport was popular at fairs, exhibitions and sports venues across the United States and several areas in Europe from 1911 until the late 1920s; but it was dangerous and carried the risk of injury and death to the participants and spectators, and expensive damage to vehicles. The official inventor of auto polo is purported to be Ralph "Pappy" Hankinson, a Ford automobile dealer from Topeka who

neg: Haynes-Apperson Haynes-Apperson Haynes-Apperson Company was a manufacturer of Brass Era automobiles in Kokomo, Indiana, from 1896 to 1905. It was the first automobile manufacturer in Indiana, and among the first in the United States. Elwood Haynes, one of the founders, was the inventor of stainless steel and stellite, and many of the early advances in automobile technology were first invented by the company. The company was founded by Elwood Haynes and brothers Elmer and Edgar Apperson. In 1894, the trio built one of the first gasoline powered vehicles in the United States, at Apperson's Riverside Machine Works. By 1898 the company

neg: Midland-Ross Detroit, Michigan. It manufactured automobile and truck frames, as well as stamped steel products. On March 21, 1923, Parish & Bingham and the Detroit Pressed Steel Co. merged to form a new company, Midland Steel Products. The merger was complete in mid-May 1923, making Midland Steel Products the largest automobile frame manufacturer in the United States. In 1927, the company invented the first four-wheel brake, and began to manufacture automobile and truck brakes. By 1954, Midland Steel Products had annual sales of $54.64 million ($ in dollars), making it the 12th largest company with headquarters in Cleveland and the 458th

neg: Buckeye gasoline buggy Art Festival, Flea Market, Sporting Events, Parade, Live Entertainment, and Lambert Automobile Displays. In the late nineteenth century, there were many individuals in the United States working on a "horseless carriage", some of which paralleled the time frame of Lambert. Some notable individuals with verifiable primary sources that invented such vehicles before the Duryea brothers were Henry Nadig, Charles H. Black, and Elwood P. Haynes. Henry Nadig of Allentown, Pennsylvania invented a vehicle that history records he built sometime between 1891 and 1893. In 1905, Nadig reports that he began to construct a "horseless carriage" in 1891 and when he

neg: Haynes-Apperson Museum of American History. Since 1977 a race in Kokomo, Indiana, for runners and walkers has been held during the "Haynes-Apperson Festival" in commemoration of the pioneer auto company. Haynes-Apperson Haynes-Apperson Company was a manufacturer of Brass Era automobiles in Kokomo, Indiana, from 1896 to 1905. It was the first automobile manufacturer in Indiana, and among the first in the United States. Elwood Haynes, one of the founders, was the inventor of stainless steel and stellite, and many of the early advances in automobile technology were first invented by the company. The company was founded by Elwood Haynes and brothers

neg: Timeline of United States inventions (1890–1945) Dickson in 1921. 1921 Headrest In an automobile, the headrest or head restraint is a device attached to the top of the seat behind the occupant's head. Most headrests are cushioned for comfort, are height adjustable and most commonly finished in the same material as the rest of the seat. The automobile headrest was invented by Benjamin Katz, a resident of Oakland, California, in 1921. U.S. patent #1,471,168 for the headrest was issued to Katz on October 16, 1923. 1921 Garage door A garage door is a large door on a garage that can either be opened manually or by

neg: Timeline of United States inventions (1890–1945) applied magnetic field, reed switches are used as reed relays, automotive sensors, robotics sensors, security sensors and are found in many toys and games. The reed switch was invented in 1936 by W. B. Elwood at Bell Telephone Laboratories. 1936 Phillips-head screw The Phillips-head screw is a crosshead screw design lying in its self-centering property, useful on automated production lines that use power screwdrivers. The Phillips-head screw was invented and patented by Henry F. Phillips in 1936. 1936 Stock car racing Stock car racing is a form of automobile racing. Shorter ovals are called short tracks, unpaved short tracks are

neg: Timeline of United States inventions (before 1890) diesel, or other types of fuel into vehicles or containers. As the automobile was not invented yet, the gas pump was used for kerosene lamps and stoves. Sylvanus F. Bowser of Fort Wayne, Indiana invented the gasoline/petrol pump on September 5, 1885. Coincidentally, the term "bowser" is still often used in countries such as New Zealand and Australia as a reference to the fuel dispenser. 1886 Filing cabinet (horizontal) A filing cabinet is a piece of office furniture used to store paper documents in file folders. It is an enclosure for drawers in which items are stored. On November 2,

neg: History of the automobile United States in 1903. This period lasted from roughly 1905 through to 1914 and the beginning of World War I. It is generally referred to as the Edwardian era, but in the United States is often known as the Brass era from the widespread use of brass in vehicles during this time. Within the 15 years that make up this era, the various experimental designs and alternate power systems would be marginalised. Although the modern touring car had been invented earlier, it was not until Panhard et Levassor's "Système Panhard" was widely licensed and adopted that recognisable and standardised automobiles

neg: Erskine (automobile) Erskine (automobile) The Erskine was an American automobile brand produced by the Studebaker Corporation of South Bend, Indiana, United States, from 1926 to 1930. The marque was named after Albert Russel Erskine (1871–1933), Studebaker's president at the time. During his term as president, Erskine encouraged Studebaker engineers to develop advanced engines. As a result, the company achieved numerous racing wins and a bigger share of the upper-price market. This left Studebaker without an entry level automobile in the United States, and Erskine, who had always been fascinated by smaller European vehicles, saw market potential in a short-wheel-base compact car, especially

neg: Erskine (automobile) (now Bendix Woods Park) outside of South Bend, Indiana. Erskine (automobile) The Erskine was an American automobile brand produced by the Studebaker Corporation of South Bend, Indiana, United States, from 1926 to 1930. The marque was named after Albert Russel Erskine (1871–1933), Studebaker's president at the time. During his term as president, Erskine encouraged Studebaker engineers to develop advanced engines. As a result, the company achieved numerous racing wins and a bigger share of the upper-price market. This left Studebaker without an entry level automobile in the United States, and Erskine, who had always been fascinated by smaller European vehicles,

neg: Buckeye gasoline buggy felt it was favorable for commercial production of the American automobile. The idea behind this was that he wanted to secure the claim of being the first to have invented the automobile and get the seventeen-year legal rights to all the automobile royalties. He legally stalled the process until he was forced to complete the application process. This was sixteen years after he first applied for the patent and a few months before the actual mass-production of automobiles by car manufactures. History records of automobile technology do not support his claim as being the first to have invented the automobile

neg: Flanders (automobile company) Flanders (automobile company) The Flanders Automobile Company was a short-lived US-American automobile manufacturer which operated in Detroit, Michigan, from 1910 to 1913. It was the brainchild of Walter E. Flanders (1871–1923), who formerly held a position as General Factory Manager at the Ford Motor Company's Piquette avenue plant. There he co-invented the ingenious manufacturing methods which made the Model T Ford so famous. In 1908, Flanders left the Ford Motor Company and co-founded, together with Bernard F. Everitt and William Metzger, the E-M-F Automobile Company in Detroit. This car, based on Flander's experience with the Model T Ford was the

neg: Sandusky Automobile Company Sandusky Automobile Company The Sandusky Automobile Company was an automobile manufacturer in Sandusky, Ohio, United States, from 1902 to 1904. It was located at 1114 Camp Street. The Sandusky Automobile Company was founded by James J. Hinde who "had been a successful paper manufacturer who entered the automobile business with the belief that a small, reasonably priced car could capture a mass market." This concept influenced Henry Ford. The Lucas County/Maumee Valley Historical Society concluded that "the Sandusky Automobile Company may be far more significant because of the passing interest of Henry Ford than for the number of cars they

neg: DuPont one automobile company in the world. However, in 1957, because of DuPont's influence within GM, further action under the Clayton Antitrust Act forced DuPont to divest its shares of General Motors. In the 1920s, DuPont continued its emphasis on materials science, hiring Wallace Carothers to work on polymers in 1928. Carothers invented neoprene, a synthetic rubber; the first polyester superpolymer; and, in 1935, nylon. The invention of Teflon followed a few years later. DuPont introduced phenothiazine as an insecticide in 1935. DuPont ranked 15th among United States corporations in the value of wartime production contracts. As the inventor and manufacturer

neg: Kerosene had largely taken over whaling’s lucrative market in lamp oil. Electric lighting started displacing kerosene as an illuminant in the late 19th century, especially in urban areas. However, kerosene remained the predominant commercial end-use for petroleum refined in the United States until 1909, when it was exceeded by motor fuels. The rise of the gasoline-powered automobile in the early 20th century created a demand for the lighter hydrocarbon fractions, and refiners invented methods to increase the output of gasoline, while decreasing the output of kerosene. In addition, some of the heavier hydrocarbons that previously went into kerosene were incorporated into

neg: Schrader valve Schrader valve The Schrader valve (also called American valve) is a type of pneumatic tire valve used on virtually every motor vehicle in the world today. The Schrader company, for which it was named, was founded in 1844 by August Schrader. The original Schrader valve design was invented in 1891, and patented in the United States in 1893. The Schrader valve consists of a valve stem into which a valve core is threaded, and is used on virtually all automobile tires and motorcycle tires and most wider rimmed bicycle tires. The valve core is a poppet valve assisted by a

neg: Sandusky Automobile Company a two-seater roadster that weighed , had a 70-inch wheelbase, wooden body, and steel frame. The engine was one-cylinder and 7 horsepower, with a transmission that had two forward speeds and reverse. Sandusky Automobile Company The Sandusky Automobile Company was an automobile manufacturer in Sandusky, Ohio, United States, from 1902 to 1904. It was located at 1114 Camp Street. The Sandusky Automobile Company was founded by James J. Hinde who "had been a successful paper manufacturer who entered the automobile business with the belief that a small, reasonably priced car could capture a mass market." This concept influenced Henry Ford.

neg: Parachute Russian Gleb Kotelnikov invented the first knapsack parachute, although Hermann Lattemann and his wife Käthe Paulus had been jumping with bagged parachutes in the last decade of the 19th century. In 1912, on a road near Tsarskoye Selo, years before it became part of St. Petersburg, Kotelnikov successfully demonstrated the braking effects of a parachute by accelerating a Russo-Balt automobile to its top speed and then opening a parachute attached to the back seat, thus also inventing the drogue parachute. On March 1, 1912, U.S. Army Captain Albert Berry made the first (attached-type) parachute jump in the United States from

neg: Richard Spikes motor vehicles invented in 1904 by the Sturtevant brothers of Boston, Massachusetts. Richard Spikes patented or developed the following inventions: Richard Spikes Richard Bowie Spikes (October 2, 1878 - January 22, 1963) was an African-American inventor. The holder of a number of United States patents, his inventions (or mechanical improvements on existing inventions) include a beer tap, automobile directional signals, the automatic gear shift device based on automatic transmission for automobiles and other motor vehicles and a safety braking system for trucks and buses. Although he would claim that on a number of occasions that he was born in Indian

neg: Automobile Competition Committee for the United States (HTP) for competitors wishing to take part in International Historic events sanctioned by FIA worldwide. The member clubs are: Automobile Competition Committee for the United States The Automobile Competition Committee for the United States (ACCUS) is an umbrella organization of auto racing sanctioning bodies in the United States. It is the official liaison of U.S. sanctioning bodies to the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile. It was founded in 1955 to take over FIA representation when the American Automobile Association withdrew from racing and dissolved the AAA Contest Board. ACCUS processes international competition licenses for drivers in the U.S. and provides homologation

neg: Automobile Competition Committee for the United States Automobile Competition Committee for the United States The Automobile Competition Committee for the United States (ACCUS) is an umbrella organization of auto racing sanctioning bodies in the United States. It is the official liaison of U.S. sanctioning bodies to the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile. It was founded in 1955 to take over FIA representation when the American Automobile Association withdrew from racing and dissolved the AAA Contest Board. ACCUS processes international competition licenses for drivers in the U.S. and provides homologation and record keeping. ACCUS is also responsible for the inspection process and the issuance of FIA Historic Technical Passports

neg: History of the automobile principle by Christian Friedrich Schönbein in 1838. The battery electric car owes its beginnings to Ányos Jedlik, one of the inventors of the electric motor, and Gaston Planté, who invented the lead–acid battery in 1859. In 1885, Karl Benz developed a petrol or gasoline powered automobile. This is also considered to be the first "production" vehicle as Benz made several other identical copies. The automobile was powered by a single cylinder four-stroke engine. In 1913, the Ford Model T, created by the Ford Motor Company five years prior, became the first automobile to be mass-produced on a moving assembly line.

neg: History of the automobile production that year. In the United States, brothers Charles and Frank Duryea founded the Duryea Motor Wagon Company in 1893, becoming the first American automobile manufacturing company. The Autocar Company, founded in 1897, established a number of innovations still in use and remains the oldest operating motor vehicle manufacturer in the United States. However, it was Ransom E. Olds and his Olds Motor Vehicle Company (later known as Oldsmobile) who would dominate this era with the introduction of the Oldsmobile Curved Dash. Its production line was running in 1901. The Thomas B. Jeffery Company developed the world's second mass-produced automobile,

neg: American Automobile Ass'n v. United States enlarge the use of petitioner's method of accounting beyond the area of prepaid subscription income in the field of publishing. Stewart dissented on the ground that the taxpayer was entitled to follow the accounting method adopted by it upon proof that its average costs of service in future periods reasonably matched dues allocated to such periods. American Automobile Ass'n v. United States American Automobile Association v. United States, 367 U.S. 687 (1961), was an income tax case before the United States Supreme Court. For the taxable years 1952 and 1953, the American Automobile Association, an accrual-basis taxpayer, followed a method

neg: American Automobile Ass'n v. United States American Automobile Ass'n v. United States American Automobile Association v. United States, 367 U.S. 687 (1961), was an income tax case before the United States Supreme Court. For the taxable years 1952 and 1953, the American Automobile Association, an accrual-basis taxpayer, followed a method of accounting whereby annual membership dues collected in any month were treated as income 1/24 for the month received, 1/12 for each of the next 11 months, and 1/24 for the following month, a method which was in accord with generally accepted commercial accounting principles and which was consistent with the Association's over-all cost experience. The

neg: Fox (automobile company) production, and the company could not get enough investors. Therefore, in 1923, the company went out of business. Fox (automobile company) The Fox Motor Company was an automobile company in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania from 1921–1923. The Fox Motor Company was founded by Ansley H. Fox (who had already invented the Fox Shotgun) as his second idea for a company. It was organized on November 21, 1919, but did not begin production until March 1921. The cars had air-cooled engines, and, some claim, were the only cars to give Franklin Automobile company a small run-for-its money. It was claimed to get 20

neg: Fox (automobile company) Fox (automobile company) The Fox Motor Company was an automobile company in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania from 1921–1923. The Fox Motor Company was founded by Ansley H. Fox (who had already invented the Fox Shotgun) as his second idea for a company. It was organized on November 21, 1919, but did not begin production until March 1921. The cars had air-cooled engines, and, some claim, were the only cars to give Franklin Automobile company a small run-for-its money. It was claimed to get 20 mpg. The cars were bigger than the Franklins. However, it took a long time to get into regular

neg: Waltham, Massachusetts Treat Paine, Jr. (1810–1905), and the Lyman Estate, a estate built in 1793 by Boston merchant Theodore Lyman. In 1857, The Waltham Model 1857, was a watch made by the American Watch Company in the city of Waltham, Massachusetts, in the United States of America. In the late 19th and early 20th century, Waltham was home to the brass era automobile manufacturer Metz, where the first production motorcycle in the U.S. was built. Another first in Waltham industrial history involves the method to mass-produce the magnetron tube, invented by Percy Spencer at Raytheon. During World War II, the magnetron tube

neg: Elwood Haynes during Indiana's gas boom, Haynes invented several devices important to the advance of the natural gas industry. When working for the Indiana Natural Gas and Oil Company, he oversaw the construction of the first long-distance natural gas pipeline in the United States, connecting Chicago with the Trenton Gas Field away. He began to formulate plans for a motorized vehicle in the early 1890s; he successfully road tested his first car, the "Pioneer", on July 4, 1894—eight years after the first automobile was patented in Germany. He formed a partnership with Elmer and Edgar Apperson in 1896 to start Haynes-Apperson for

neg: Economic history of the United States The electric light, telephone, steam turbine, internal combustion engine, automobile, phonograph, typewriter and tabulating machine were some of the many inventions of the period. New processes for making steel and chemicals such as dyes and explosives were invented. The pneumatic tire, improved ball bearings, machine tools and newly developed metal stamping techniques enabled the large scale production of bicycles in the 1890s. Another significant development was the widespread introduction of electric street railways (trams, trolleys or streetcars) in the 1890s. Improvements in transportation and other technological progress caused prices to fall, especially during the so-called long depression, but the rising

neg: Curtiss Autoplane a twin-boom tail. A Curtiss OXX engine drove the propeller via shaft and belts. The aircraft had a four-wheel undercarriage, with the front two wheels being steerable. The wings and tail could be detached for use as an automobile. It was shown at the Pan-American Aeronautic Exposition at New York City in February 1917. It made a few short hops before the entry of the United States into World War I in April 1917 ended development of the Autoplane. Curtiss Autoplane The Curtiss Autoplane, invented by Glenn Curtiss in 1917, is widely considered the first attempt to build a roadable

neg: Automotive industry in Germany Porsche), BMW AG, Daimler AG, Adam Opel AG and Ford-Werke GmbH. Nearly six million vehicles are produced in Germany each year, and approximately 5.5 million are produced overseas by German brands. Alongside the United States, China and Japan, Germany is one of the top 4 automobile manufacturers in the world. The Volkswagen Group is one of the three biggest automotive companies of the world (along with Toyota and General Motors). The Chevrolet Volt and its GM Voltec powertrain Technology were invented and developed first and foremost by the former German Opel engineer Frank Weber and—still today—some of the most important

neg: Automatic lamp changer with high precision. The device automatically detects when the currently active lamp has ceased to function and moves the next lamp into place. The automatic lampchanger was invented by Charles Wallace and patented in 1928. This original model held two headlight lamps from a Model T automobile. The United States Lighthouse Service had these in common use by the 1930s, as they moved to convert all navigational lights to electricity. Lamp changers in current use may have two, four, or six lamps and use either a spring-loaded mechanism or an electric motor to change lamps when required. They are used

neg: Timeline of United States inventions (1890–1945) tools generally are universal for the valves on all automobile and bicycle pneumatic tires. Also, pressure valves can be used on Schrader valves in place of caps in order to measure the pressure of pneumatic tires. In 1891, George Schrader, the son of German-American immigrant August Schrader, invented the Schrader valve. A patent was issued on April 11, 1893. 1892 Bottle cap 1892 Dimmer 1892 Bicycle seat (padded) 1892 internal combustion-powered tractor A tractor is a distinctive farm vehicle specifically designed to deliver a high tractive effort at slow speeds, for the purposes of hauling a trailer or machinery used

neg: Timeline of United States inventions (1946–91) be tested and retested while yielding back a broad spectrum of data during simulated automobile crashes, the first crash test dummy used for automative testing was again invented by Samuel Alderson in 1968. It was called the V.I.P. (Very Important Person) and it was built with dimensions of an average adult man coupled with a steel rib cage, articulated joints, a flexible neck, and a lumbar spine. 1949 Compiler A compiler is a computer program or set of programs that transforms source code written in a computerized source language into another computer language often having a binary form known as

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Coey-Mitchell Automobile Company for Coeys nationwide chain of driving schools. In 1917 Wonder Motor Truck Company bought the Coey Motor Company. List of defunct automobile manufacturers of the United States
 List of automobile manufacturers of the United States
 Brass Era car
 History of the automobile
 History of Chicago Coey-Mitchell Automobile Company The Coey-Mitchell Automobile Company was an American automobile manufacturer that built the Coey automobiles and operated a chain of American Driving Schools from 1913 to 1917 and was headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. The company was founded under the name Coey-Mitchell Automobile Company by Charles A. Coey. The Coey family and their name

neg: The Man Who Invented Christmas (film) The Man Who Invented Christmas (film) The Man Who Invented Christmas is a 2017 biographical drama film directed by Bharat Nalluri and written by Susan Coyne based on the book of the same name by Les Standiford. It stars Dan Stevens, Christopher Plummer, and Jonathan Pryce. The plot follows Charles Dickens (Stevens) at the time when he wrote "A Christmas Carol", and how Dickens' fictional character Ebenezer Scrooge (Plummer) was influenced by his real-life father, John Dickens (Pryce). It was released by Bleecker Street in the United States on 22 November 2017 and in the United Kingdom on 1 December

neg: John Wilkinson (Franklin automobile) also designed the company's well-known "Crimson Rim". After leaving Syracuse Cycle Company, Wilkinson dedicated the next two years largely to experimenting with automobiles, a brand new innovation on the market. He designed and built two prototype vehicles. In the summer of 1898 he tinkered with a one-cylinder air-cooled, gasoline engine and by January 1, 1900, he demonstrated his first automobile which traveled at . In 1900, Wilkinson invented an air compressor "self-starter" which was the first of its kind for an automobile (although Kettering claimed he invented the starter in 1911). Wilkinson showed it to a group of friends and

neg: Automotive industry by country petrol engined automobile was invented in Germany by Karl Benz. Furthermore, the four-stroke internal combustion engine used in most automobiles worldwide today was invented by Nikolaus Otto in Germany. In addition, the diesel engine was also invented by German Rudolf Diesel. Germany is famous for the high-performance and high-quality sports cars made by Porsche, and the cars of Mercedes, Audi and BMW are famous for their quality and technological innovation. Daimler-Benz's predecessor Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft was the industry's oldest firm, Daimler-Benz company dates from 1926. In 1998, it bought the American automobile manufacturer Chrysler, then sold out in 2007 at a heavy

neg: United States v. Ross "automobile exception". Justice Stevens delivered the opinion of the Court. Much of this case is derived from the precedent set in "Carroll v. United States", 267 U.S. 132 (1925), where the Supreme Court ruled that police officers may make a warrantless search of an automobile if they have probable cause to suspect that it contains contraband. This is known as the "automobile exception" to the Fourth Amendment's warrant requirement. The court's reasoning in "Carroll v. United States" was twofold: First, the "practical mobility" of an automobile made it impractical to take the time to get a search warrant from a

neg: Maxwell automobile Maxwell automobile The Maxwell was a brand of automobiles manufactured in the United States of America from about 1904 to 1925. The present-day successor to the Maxwell company is Fiat Chrysler Automobiles. Maxwell automobile production began under the Maxwell-Briscoe Company of Tarrytown, New York. The company was named after founders Jonathan Dixon Maxwell, who earlier had worked for Oldsmobile, and Benjamin Briscoe, an automobile industry pioneer and part owner of the Briscoe Brothers Metalworks, who was president of Maxwell-Briscoe at its height. In 1907, following a fire that destroyed the Tarrytown, NY, factory, Maxwell-Briscoe constructed what was then the largest

neg: Michael D. Ercolino Michael D. Ercolino Michael D. Ercolino (1906 – November 13, 1982) was an inventor who invented a homing device used by the United States D-Day invasion and in West Africa during World War II. This device made it possible for paratroopers who landed behind enemy line to reorganize into homogeneous fighting units. He invented the Conical V Beam TV antenna which was sold throughout the United States in the early 1940s and was responsible for making TV reception possible throughout the U.S. He founded Telrex Inc. which manufactured a line of communication antennas, heavy duty rotators, and heavy duty rotatable

neg: Effects of the 2008–10 automotive industry crisis on the United States compete and win. Millions of jobs depend on it. Scores of communities depend on it. And I believe the nation that invented the automobile cannot walk from it On April 30, 2009, Chrysler filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy after talks with lenders broke down. On the May 14, 2009 Chrysler announced it was to close 25% of its US dealerships as part of its restructuring process. Only days after approaching the U.S. Government to seek further funding, General Motors published its losses for the final quarter of 2008 to be at $9.6 billion (£6.7 billion). This brought its overall 2008

neg: Canda (automobile company) Canda (automobile company) The Canda Manufacturing company based in Carteret, New Jersey, produced cars from 1900-1902. The company was founded in 1896 as a producer of railroad hand cars. It started in the automobile business when it acquired the rights to produce the gasoline engine invented by the Duryea brothers. At first Canda produced these engines for the Duryeas, but the deal fell through when Charles Duryea (who, in the deal, was superintendent of the factory) left to pursue his own ventures. In 1900, the company decided to make their own cars, starting with the Auto-Quadricycle, which was powered by

neg: United States v. Chadwick United States v. Chadwick United States v. Chadwick, 433 U.S. 1 (1977), was a decision by the United States Supreme Court, which held that, absent exigency, the warrantless search of double-locked luggage just placed in the trunk of a parked vehicle is a violation of the Fourth Amendment and not justified under the automobile exception. The Court reasoned that while luggage is movable like an automobile, it does not have the lesser expectation of privacy associated with an automobile. "Chadwick" was later abrogated on other grounds by "California v. Acevedo", in which the Court overruled Chadwick's holding with respect to

neg: Overland Automobile Overland Automobile The Overland Automobile Company was a United States-based automobile manufacturer. The Overland Automobile "runabout" was founded by Claude Cox, a graduate of Rose Polytechnic Institute, while he was employed by Standard Wheel Company of Terre Haute, Indiana, United States, in 1903. In 1905, Standard Wheel allowed Cox to relocate the Overland Automobile Company to Indianapolis, Indiana, and he got a partner. In 1908, Overland Motors was purchased by John North Willys. In 1912, it was renamed Willys-Overland. One of the more unusual uses of an Overland was in 1911 when Milton Reeves used a 1910 model to create

neg: MAPFRE Insurance MAPFRE Insurance MAPFRE Insurance is headquartered in Webster, Massachusetts (link), United States. It was founded in 1972 as the Commerce Group; it was acquired in 2008 by Mapfre S.A.. MAPFRE Insurance writes property and casualty insurance in 19 states across the United States through a network of more than 4,200 independent agents and brokers. MAPFRE Insurance is the 19th largest provider of personal automobile insurance and the 20th largest personal lines insurer in the United States. MAPFRE Insurance is also the largest private passenger automobile insurer, homeowners’ insurer and commercial automobile insurer in Massachusetts. MAPFRE Insurance provides a full range

neg: Success Automobile Manufacturing Company Success Automobile Manufacturing Company The Success Automobile Manufacturing Company was a brass era United States automobile manufacturer, located at 532 De Ballviere Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri, in 1906. Business concentrated on building high wheeler automobiles, mainly buggies. The Success Automobile Manufacturing Company was founded in 1906 by "John C. Higdon", who had built his first car in 1896; back then for experimental purposes only. Production started with a price of US$250 which was exceedingly low, even for high wheelers. It is the lowest nominal that a new car has ever been sold for, even lower than $260 Ford T in

neg: Steger, Illinois "piano capital of the world", producing more than a hundred pianos a day. After changing American tastes diminished the demand for the piano the plant closed its doors in 1928, and the Amico Macaroni Company of Chicago Heights moved into a portion of the vacated building. In 1932 another section of the complex became the home of the Steger Furniture Company, who manufactured radio cabinets there for many years. In 1945, Steger Furniture was acquired by the automobile parts manufacturer Sparton Corporation, who had invented the first electric automobile horn in 1911 and the first all-electric radio after World War

neg: Mobile phones and driving safety of causing an accident. Drivers are distracted, decreasing the driver’s awareness on the road, leading to more car accidents. When drivers talk on cell phones the risk of an automobile accident resulting in hospitalization is four times higher when not talking on a cell phone . Drivers who text when behind the wheel, are twenty-three times more likely to have an automobile accident. One out of every four automobile accidents in the United States are caused by texting while driving. Some states have implemented laws in regards to using cell phones while driving, there is more to be done. The

neg: Brake lining Brake lining Brake linings are the consumable surfaces in brake systems, such as drum brakes and disc brakes used in transport vehicles. Brake linings were invented by Bertha Benz (the wife of Karl Benz who invented the first patented automobile) during her historic first long-distance car trip in the world in August 1888. The first asbestos brake linings were developed in 1908 by Herbert Frood. Although Frood was the first to implement the use of asbestos brake linings, the heat dissipation properties of the fibres were tested by various scientists, including well known materials chemist Dr Gwilym Price, who did

neg: Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers The Auto Alliance is a trade group of automobile manufacturers that operate in the United States. It is the leading advocacy group for the auto industry, representing 77% of all car and light truck sales in the United States. The Auto Alliance is active in the areas of environment, energy and motor vehicle safety. Mitch Bainwol is the CEO of the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers. The trade group formed on January 13, 1999 to replace the American Automobile Manufacturers Association, which had represented only American manufacturers. As of January 2017, members of the Auto Alliance are:

neg: Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) fuel economy rules be reviewed and relaxed. Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers The Auto Alliance is a trade group of automobile manufacturers that operate in the United States. It is the leading advocacy group for the auto industry, representing 77% of all car and light truck sales in the United States. The Auto Alliance is active in the areas of environment, energy and motor vehicle safety. Mitch Bainwol is the CEO of the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers. The trade group formed on January 13, 1999 to replace the American Automobile Manufacturers Association, which had represented only American

neg: Ruxton (automobile) Ruxton (automobile) The Ruxton was a front-wheel drive automobile produced by the New Era Motors Company of New York, New York, United States, during 1929 and 1930. The car was the brainchild of William Muller and was built in the Board Machine plant in Philadelphia, Moon Motor Car factory in St. Louis, Missouri, and Kissel Motors of Hartford, Wisconsin, who also produced the car's transmission unit. While employed in the engineering department of the Budd Body Company of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Muller convinced his employer to invest in developing a front wheel drive prototype automobile. Budd would then sell the rights

neg: Automobile safety Health Organization (WHO), 80% of cars sold in the world are not compliant with main safety standards. Only 40 countries have adopted the full set of the seven most important regulations for car safety. In the United States, a pedestrian is injured by an automobile every 8 minutes, and are 1.5 times more likely than a vehicle's occupants to be killed in an automobile crash per outing. Improvements in roadway and automobile designs have steadily reduced injury and death rates in all first world countries. Nevertheless, auto collisions are the leading cause of injury-related deaths, an estimated total of 1.2

neg: Arkansas v. Sanders Arkansas v. Sanders Arkansas v. Sanders, 442 U.S. 753 (1979), was a decision by the United States Supreme Court, which held that, absent exigency, the warrantless search of personal luggage merely because it was located in an automobile lawfully stopped by the police is a violation of the Fourth Amendment and not justified under the automobile exception. Similar to "United States v. Chadwick", the luggage was the subject of police suspicion before being placed in the vehicle. "Sanders" resolved two distinct lines of cases: on the one hand, "Carroll v. United States" laid down the automobile exception which allowed for

neg: Dragon Automobile Company Dragon Automobile Company The Dragon Automobile Company manufactured automobiles from 1906 to 1908, first in Detroit, Michigan, and then in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was followed, briefly, by the Dragon Motor Company. They hired an excellent engineer to design its automobile: Leo Melanowski, who had apprenticed with the Otto Gas Engine Company in Vienna, worked for Panhard-Levassor and Clement-Bayard in France and Waltham in the United States and had been manufacturing foreman for Winton. Dragon also enlisted the services of famed racing driver Joe Tracy as an engineering consultant and test driver. The result was a fine four-cylinder motorcar that featured

neg: Flanders (automobile company) shortly after introduction, Walter Flanders was asked by Benjamin Briscoe to help saving the United States Motors Company which was in severe trouble. Flanders agreed. In the end, of the about 12 makes involved, including his own Flanders, he closed all but one: The Maxwell, ancestor of the later Chrysler Corporation. Kimes, Beverly R. (editor), Clark, Henry A.: The Standard Catalog of American Cars 1805–1945, Krause Publications (1985), Flanders (automobile company) The Flanders Automobile Company was a short-lived US-American automobile manufacturer which operated in Detroit, Michigan, from 1910 to 1913. It was the brainchild of Walter E. Flanders (1871–1923), who

neg: Charles Holland Duell United States Senate On January 5, 1905, and received his commission the same day, but he only remained on the bench for a year and a half, resigning on August 31, 1906. He resumed his private practice in New York City until 1915. He died on January 29, 1920, in Yonkers, New York. Duell has become famous for, during his tenure as United States Commissioner of Patents, purportedly saying "Everything that can be invented has been invented." However, this has been debunked as apocryphal by librarian Samuel Sass who traced the quote back to a 1981 book titled "The Book

neg: Pie à la Mode and wrote an article about it the next day. Soon, Pie à la Mode became a standard on menus around the United States. When Charles Watson Townsend, died on May 20, 1936, a controversy developed as to who really invented Pie à la Mode. The "New York Times" reported that “Pie à la Mode” was first invented by Townsend at the Cambridge Hotel in Cambridge, New York in the late 1800s. It was later reported by several sources that Townsend ordered pie and ice cream at the Cambridge Hotel in 1896, and thus invented the dessert. The legend also states

neg: Anderson (automobile) the Anderson family, one is at the S.C. State Museum in Columbia and one is in the possession of the Museum of York County, where Rock Hill is located. Anderson (automobile) The Anderson was a United States automobile; considered the most successful automobile ever built in the Southern United States, it was manufactured by a carriage works from 1916 to 1925 in Rock Hill, South Carolina. Started by John Gary Anderson, the company sold cars through a national dealer network. The company used Continental 7R flat six engines in its vehicles, which were noted for their attractive body styles and

neg: Anderson (automobile) Anderson (automobile) The Anderson was a United States automobile; considered the most successful automobile ever built in the Southern United States, it was manufactured by a carriage works from 1916 to 1925 in Rock Hill, South Carolina. Started by John Gary Anderson, the company sold cars through a national dealer network. The company used Continental 7R flat six engines in its vehicles, which were noted for their attractive body styles and color combinations. Andersons were the first cars to be built with headlight foot dimmers and powered convertible tops. Production reached nearly 2,000 units in 1923 and in all 7,000

neg: Columbia (automobile brand) Columbia (automobile brand) Columbia was an American brand of automobiles produced by a group of companies in the United States. They included the Pope Manufacturing Company of Hartford, Connecticut, the Electric Vehicle Company, and an entity of brief existence in 1899, the Columbia Automobile Company. At the turn of the twentieth century they were producing and selling hundreds of vehicles a year under Pope's Columbia brand name, while most gasoline engine automobile manufacturers had made only a few dozen. In 1908, the company was renamed the Columbia Motor Car Company and in 1910 was acquired by United States Motor Company.

neg: When Heaven Was at the Corner of Sycamore and Main of their hometown, Warren, Ohio in 1899. The single cylinder, nine horsepower engine performed ably, soon they named the machine the Model A. The Packards were typical of the many tinkers, visionaries, and hard-headed businessmen who coalesced around the idea of the gasoline-powered automobile, a product of the social and economic changes occurring in the United States and Europe at the turn of the 20th century. By the 1920s, more than 180 American automobile companies had sprung into business in towns and cities across the Eastern and Mid-Western United States. Other companies were also started across Europe in England, Germany,

neg: California v. Acevedo California v. Acevedo California v. Acevedo, 500 U.S. 565 (1991), was a decision of the United States Supreme Court, which interpreted the "Carroll" doctrine to provide one rule to govern all automobile searches. The Court stated, "The police may search an automobile and the containers within it where they have probable cause to believe contraband or evidence is contained." The decision also overruled the distinctions in "United States v. Chadwick" (1977) and "Arkansas v. Sanders" (1979) which had previously held that, if probable cause existed to search an automobile, the police may perform a warrantless search of the automobile and

neg: American International Automobile Dealers Association American International Automobile Dealers Association The American International Automobile Dealers Association (sometimes abbreviated as AIADA) is a United States lobbying force dedicated to the economic and political interests of America's international nameplate automobile dealers. Headquartered in Alexandria, Virginia, its primary focus is on promoting free trade and opposing tax increases. AIADA was established in 1970 as the Volkswagen Dealers Association in response to a growing protectionist movement in the United States. On September 10, 1970 the first Board of Directors meeting of the Volkswagen American Dealers Association (VADA) was held. The officers elected were David H. Gezon, President; Ken Sowles,

neg: Belle Époque a luxurious experiment for the well-heeled. French automobile manufacturers such as Peugeot were already pioneers in automobile manufacturing. Edouard Michelin invented removable pneumatic tires for bicycles and automobiles in the 1890s. The scooter and moped are also "Belle Époque" inventions. A number of French inventors patented products with a lasting impact on modern society. After the telephone joined the telegraph as a vehicle for rapid communication, French inventor Édouard Belin developed the Belinograph, or Wirephoto, to transmit photos by telephone. The electric light began to supersede gas lighting, and neon lights were invented in France. France was a leader of

neg: United Automobile Workers unprecedented rights and protections. United Automobile Workers The International Union, United Automobile, Aerospace, and Agricultural Implement Workers of America, better known as the United Automobile Workers (UAW), is an American labor union that represents workers in the United States (including Puerto Rico) and Canada. It was founded as part of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) in the 1930s and grew rapidly from 1936 to the 1950s. The union played a major role in the liberal wing of the Democratic party under the leadership of Walter Reuther (president 1946-70). It was known for gaining high wages and pensions for auto

neg: United Automobile Workers United Automobile Workers The International Union, United Automobile, Aerospace, and Agricultural Implement Workers of America, better known as the United Automobile Workers (UAW), is an American labor union that represents workers in the United States (including Puerto Rico) and Canada. It was founded as part of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) in the 1930s and grew rapidly from 1936 to the 1950s. The union played a major role in the liberal wing of the Democratic party under the leadership of Walter Reuther (president 1946-70). It was known for gaining high wages and pensions for auto workers, but it was

neg: United States national quidditch team - the first Quidditch event to be contested by national teams. The event was held in the United Kingdom to coincide with the Torch Relay for the 2012 Olympic Games. The United States, who had invented the sport in 2005 at Middlebury College and who had been refining it for years before any other nation had taken it up, were heavy favourites. The tournament was contested between only five countries; the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and France of which only four had fully established Quidditch programmes by that point: the United Kingdom had only a handful of teams

neg: Almeida-Sanchez v. United States Almeida-Sanchez v. United States Almeida-Sanchez v. United States, 413 U.S. 266 (1973), was a United States Supreme Court case. This case involved the United States border patrol which conducted a search without warrant or probable cause. The vehicle was stopped and searched for illegal aliens twenty-five miles () from the Mexican border. The Court approached the search from four views: automobile search, administrative inspection, heavily regulated industry inspection, and border search. As to the validity of the search under the automobile exception, the Court found no justification for the search under the "Carroll" doctrine because there was no probable cause.

neg: Briggs Cunningham at the Monterey Historic Automobile Races. There is the Briggs Cunningham Memorial Award. Briggs Cunningham's grandson, Brian S. Cunningham, raced in Formula Three in 1994. Cunningham team drivers and Briggs Cunningham co-drivers included: Briggs Cunningham Briggs Swift Cunningham II (January 19, 1907 – July 2, 2003) was an American entrepreneur and sportsman, who raced automobiles and yachts. Born into a wealthy family, he became a racing car constructor, driver, and team owner as well as a sports car manufacturer and automobile collector. He skippered the first victorious 12-metre yacht "Columbia" in the 1958 America's Cup race, and invented the cunningham

neg: Brake lining about everywhere there are braking systems, from elevator safety brakes to spindle brakes inside a VCR. The form and materials are frequently different, but the principle is the same. There are different systems for the cataloguing of brake linings. The most frequently used system in Europe is the WVA numbering system. Brake lining Brake linings are the consumable surfaces in brake systems, such as drum brakes and disc brakes used in transport vehicles. Brake linings were invented by Bertha Benz (the wife of Karl Benz who invented the first patented automobile) during her historic first long-distance car trip in the

neg: Royal Automobile Club of Spain Automòbil Club de Catalunya" (RACC). Royal Automobile Club of Spain The Royal Automobile Club of Spain (RACE), (Spanish:"Real Automóvil Club de España") is a motor club/car club in Spain. It is the Spanish equivialent of the American Automobile Association (AAA) in the United States of America, or the Automobile Association (AA) in the United Kingdom or the "ANWB" in the Netherlands. The club was formed in 1903 to provide roadside service to drivers in Spain. Along with other European automobile clubs RACE formed ARC Europe to provide reciprocal and cross border business services. RACE is a member of the "Alliance

neg: Royal Automobile Club of Spain Royal Automobile Club of Spain The Royal Automobile Club of Spain (RACE), (Spanish:"Real Automóvil Club de España") is a motor club/car club in Spain. It is the Spanish equivialent of the American Automobile Association (AAA) in the United States of America, or the Automobile Association (AA) in the United Kingdom or the "ANWB" in the Netherlands. The club was formed in 1903 to provide roadside service to drivers in Spain. Along with other European automobile clubs RACE formed ARC Europe to provide reciprocal and cross border business services. RACE is a member of the "Alliance Internationale de Tourisme". As well

neg: Westcott (automobile) was three and a half years higher than the national average. Westcotts competed in the Gluden Endurance Race of 1910 and the first Indy 500 of 1911. The Westcott, driven by Harry Knight was running in third place in the Indy race when on lap 90 it crashed while avoiding a mechanic who had fallen from Joe Jagersberger's car. Knight's mechanic was injured in the crash. Westcott (automobile) The Westcott was an automobile produced in Richmond, Indiana and Springfield, Ohio in the United States between 1909 and 1925 by the Westcott Motor Car Company. The car company was named for

neg: Genesee (automobile) and cumbersome to be a practical vehicle. One of the people behind the building of the Genesee prototype was Batavia dentist, Dr Harvey Burkhart, who was elected mayor of Batavia when it became a city in 1915. Burkhart used the Genesee prototype as his private car for many years. Genesee (automobile) The Genesee was an American automobile manufactured in Batavia, New York in 1911. The car was named after Genesee County, the county in which Batavia was located. The Genesee was one of the largest cars available in the United States at the time, featuring a 148-inch wheelbase and a

neg: Ruxton (automobile) some 96 vehicles, the Ruxton is recognized as a Classic Car by the Classic Car Club of America. Ruxton (automobile) The Ruxton was a front-wheel drive automobile produced by the New Era Motors Company of New York, New York, United States, during 1929 and 1930. The car was the brainchild of William Muller and was built in the Board Machine plant in Philadelphia, Moon Motor Car factory in St. Louis, Missouri, and Kissel Motors of Hartford, Wisconsin, who also produced the car's transmission unit. While employed in the engineering department of the Budd Body Company of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Muller convinced

neg: William Van Wagoner William Van Wagoner William H. Van Wagoner (April 1870 – after 1920) was born in New Jersey and was a bicycle racer from 1888 through the mid 1890s who won many competitions throughout the Northeastern United States. He went on to design the Van Wagoner, an American electric automobile manufactured between 1899 and 1903 in Syracuse, New York, by the Syracuse Automobile Company. The Syracuse Automobile Company of Syracuse, New York, produced the small electric two-seater from 1899 to 1903. The car was originally known as the "Van Wagoner", after the original designer; however, the name was changed to the

neg: Charles Francis Jenkins of Jenkins and Armat was patented July 20, 1897. Jenkins eventually sold his interest in the projector to Armat. Armat subsequently sold the rights to Thomas Edison, who marketed the projector under the name Vitascope. It was with this projector that Edison began public showings in vaudeville theaters of filmed motion pictures, with paid admission. Jenkins married Grace Love in 1902. At the same time Jenkins dabbled in automobiles, Jenkins Automobile Company. In 1898, Jenkins invented the first automobile with the engine in the front of the car. In 1901 he constructed the smallest car for the 26-inch tall Cuban

neg: History of the motorcycle American Star high-wheeler at 12 mph. In 1887 Copeland formed the Northrop Manufacturing Co. to produce the first successful 'Moto-Cycle' (actually a three-wheeler). The very first commercial design for a self-propelled bicycle was a three-wheel design called the "Butler Petrol Cycle", conceived of and built by Edward Butler in England in 1884. He exhibited his plans for the vehicle at the Stanley Cycle Show in London in 1884, two years earlier than Karl Benz invented his first automobile who is generally recognized as the inventor of the modern automobile. Butler's vehicle was also the first design to be shown at

neg: Ocasio v. United States Ocasio v. United States Ocasio v. United States, 578 U.S. ___ (2016), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court clarified whether the Hobbs Act's definition of conspiracy to commit extortion only includes attempts to acquire property from someone who is not a member of the conspiracy. The case arose when Samuel Ocasio, a former Baltimore, Maryland police officer, was indicted for participating in a kickback scheme with an automobile repair shop where officers would refer drivers of damaged vehicles to the shop in exchange for cash payments. Ocasio argued that he should not be found guilty

neg: Carroll v. United States of automobiles under certain limited circumstances. That ruling requires either that the vehicle's owner has a reasonable chance of moving the vehicle before police can get a warrant. In the case of Gant, the suspect was arrested while the vehicle was parked. "Arizona v. Gant" does not automatically preclude "Carroll" and does not overrule it. Carroll v. United States Carroll v. United States, 267 U.S. 132 (1925), was a decision by the United States Supreme Court that upheld the warrantless searches of an automobile, which is known as the automobile exception. The case has also been cited as widening the

neg: United States v. Detroit & Cleveland Navigation Co. United States v. Detroit & Cleveland Navigation Co. United States v. Detroit & Cleveland Navigation Co., 326 U.S. 236 (1945), is an Supreme Court of the United States administrative law case holding that the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) had sufficient authority to order an expansion of automobile carrier capacity in anticipation of post-war demand. An application during World War II had been jointly filed by the T. J. McCarthy Steamship Company and Automotive Trades Steamship Company with the ICC for a certificate of public convenience and necessity (CPCN) to operate as a common carrier of automobile transportation services from Detroit,

neg: Automobile Racing Club of America Automobile Racing Club of America The Automobile Racing Club of America (ARCA) is an auto racing sanctioning body in the United States, founded in 1953 by John Marcum. The current president of ARCA is Ron Drager, who took over the position 1996 following the death of Bob Loga. The ARCA Series races stock cars similar to those seen in past years in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series, and indeed most cars used in the ARCA Racing Series were previously used in NASCAR. ARCA's competitors contain a mix of both professional racers as well as hobby racers alike, in addition

neg: Automobile Racing Club of America the overall schedule will receive an additional 250 points. Automobile Racing Club of America The Automobile Racing Club of America (ARCA) is an auto racing sanctioning body in the United States, founded in 1953 by John Marcum. The current president of ARCA is Ron Drager, who took over the position 1996 following the death of Bob Loga. The ARCA Series races stock cars similar to those seen in past years in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series, and indeed most cars used in the ARCA Racing Series were previously used in NASCAR. ARCA's competitors contain a mix of both professional

neg: Automobile License Plate Collectors Association association vote to determine who on the list would be inducted in the Hall of Fame. Automobile License Plate Collectors Association The Automobile License Plate Collectors Association (ALPCA) is the largest such organization in the world. Founded in Rumney Depot, New Hampshire, United States, in 1954 and holding its first meeting/convention in North Attleboro, Massachusetts, in 1955 it serves as a way for license plate collectors to trade plates, distribute news, and provide historic information to members. ALPCA currently has approximately 2,800 registered members and over 12,500 registered member numbers, although many of the earlier—and therefore lower-numbered—members are now deceased

neg: Paris between the Wars (1919–1939) successful new Paris enterprise was the automobile company founded in 1919 by André Citroën (1878-1935). He was an industrial engineer who developed assembly lines to produce armaments during the First World War. In 1919 he put these technologies to work to mass-produce automobiles on a site next to Seine; he created the first automobile assembly line outside the United States. By 1927 Citroën was the leader car manufacturer in Europe, and fourth in the world. In addition to his engineering talents, he was also a skilled publicist. He organized a series of highly publicized automobile expeditions to remote parts of

neg: Straight-eight engine Romeo, Stutz, Stearns-Knight and Packard. One marketing feature of these engines was their impressive length — some of the Duesenberg engines were over long, resulting in the long hoods (bonnets) found on these automobiles. In the United States in the 1920s, automobile manufacturers, including Chandler, Marmon, Gardner, and Auburn, began using straight-eight engines in cars targeted at the middle class. Engine manufacturer Lycoming built straight-eight engines for sale to automobile manufacturers, including Gardner, Auburn, and Locomobile. Lycoming was purchased by Auburn owner Errett Lobban Cord, who used a Lycoming straight-eight in his front-drive Cord L-29 automobile, and had Lycoming build

neg: Badger (automobile company) Badger (automobile company) The Badger Motor car company of Columbus, Wisconsin, United States, was an automobile company founded in 1910. In March 1909, E. W. Arbogast, who was the son-in-law of a wealthy grain merchant from Watertown, Wisconsin, was failing to persuade anyone there that he could build a high-power, high-priced car that he could sell in the medium price range. So he went to Columbus, where he said he could build an example, test it then sell it, but only if the town provided him money to manufacture it if he succeeded. In May 1909, he was successful. The

neg: Winton Motor Carriage Company his first manufactured semi-truck in 1899. On March 24, 1898, Robert Allison of Port Carbon, Pennsylvania, became the first person to buy a Winton automobile after seeing the first automobile advertisement in "Scientific American". Later that year the Winton Motor Carriage Company sold twenty-one more vehicles, including one to James Ward Packard, who later founded the Packard automobile company after Winton challenged a very dissatisfied Packard to do better. Winton sold 22 cars that year. In 1899, more than one hundred Winton vehicles were sold, making the company the largest manufacturer of gasoline-powered automobiles in the United States. This success

neg: Badger (automobile company) to the third floor of the Columbus Canning Company for storage. The cars had 4-cylinder engines. However, luck ran out when the nationwide network of dealers was not realized. Dealers already up and running did not always have good things to say, such as one Los Angeles agency who said "Motors too small and torsion rod weakness not improved". In April 1911, investors decided to hedge their bets by going into real estate. In late 1911, the company went into liquidation. Badger (automobile company) The Badger Motor car company of Columbus, Wisconsin, United States, was an automobile company founded in

neg: Reno v. Condon private persons who resold or redistributed drivers' information. Reno v. Condon Reno v. Condon, 528 U.S. 141 (2000), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States upheld the Driver's Privacy Protection Act of 1994 (DPPA) against a Tenth Amendment challenge. State departments of motor vehicles (DMVs) require drivers and automobile owners to provide personal information, which may include a person's name, address, telephone number, vehicle description, Social Security number, medical information, and photograph, as a condition of obtaining a driver's license or registering an automobile. Finding that many States sell this information to individuals and businesses

neg: Lattner Auditorium Building Lattner Auditorium Building The Lattner Auditorium Building is a historic building located in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, United States. Paul Lattner, who owned Cedar Rapids Auto & Supply Company, had this building constructed for his business in 1910. The first floor was an automobile showroom, the second floor was used for auto storage, and the third floor housed a neighborhood dance hall. Because this is an early example of an automobile related business, the dance hall/auditorium may have been included to ensure the building's economic viability given the nature of the automobile business at that time. Various auto-related buinesses continued to

neg: History of the trucking industry in the United States numerous and large blind spots. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration has determined that 70% of fatal automobile/tractor-trailer accidents were the result of "unsafe actions of automobile drivers". In the 2009 book, "Trucking country: The road to America's Walmart economy", author Shane Hamilton explores the history of trucking and how developments in the trucking industry helped the so-called big-box stores (such as Walmart or Target) dominate the retail sector of the U.S. economy. History of the trucking industry in the United States The trucking industry in the United States has affected the political and economic history of the United States

neg: Effects of the 2008–10 automotive industry crisis on the United States Effects of the 2008–10 automotive industry crisis on the United States Beginning in the later half of 2008, a global-scale recession adversely affected the economy of the United States. A combination of several years of declining automobile sales and scarce availability of credit led to a more widespread crisis in the United States auto industry in the years of 2008 and 2009. Following dramatic drops in automobile sales throughout 2008, two of the "Big Three" U.S. automakers – General Motors (GM), and Chrysler – requested emergency loans in order to address impending cash shortages. By April 2009, the situation had