query: name one indian tribe in the united states

pos: Native Americans in the United States Maryland and the recently established school sent two boys to St. Omer who yielded in abilities to few Europeans, when competing for the honor of being first in their class. So that not gold, nor silver, nor the other products of the earth alone, but men also are gathered from thence to bring those regions, which foreigners have unjustly called ferocious, to a higher state of virtue and cultivation." Through the mid-17th century the Beaver Wars were fought over the fur trade between the Iroquois and the Hurons, the northern Algonquians, and their French allies. During the war the Iroquois

pos: Oneida Indian Nation Oneida Indian Nation The Oneida Indian Nation (OIN) or Oneida Nation is a federally recognized tribe of Oneida people in the United States. The tribe is headquartered in New York, where the tribe originated and held its historic territory long before European colonialism. It is an Iroquoian-speaking people, and one of the Five Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy, or "Haudenosaunee". Three other federally recognized Oneida tribes operate in locations where they migrated and were removed to during and after the American Revolutionary War: one in Wisconsin in the United States, and two in Ontario, Canada. Today the Oneida Indian Nation

neg: Tribe (Native American) Tribe (Native American) In the United States, an Indian tribe, Native American tribe, tribal nation or similar concept is any extant or historical clan, tribe, band, nation, or other group or community of American Indians in the United States. Modern forms of these entities are often associated with land or territory of an Indian reservation. "Federally recognized Indian tribe" is a legal term of art in United States law with a specific meaning. An Indian tribe recognized by the United States government usually possesses tribal sovereignty, a "dependent sovereign nation" status with the Federal Government that is similar to that

neg: Ute Indian Rights Settlement economic development. The Ute Indian Rights Settlement is administered by the United States Department of the Interior. Ute Indian Rights Settlement The Northern Ute Tribe is one of three ethnically-related Ute Tribes. The Northern Ute Tribe occupies and administers the Uintah and Ouray Indian Reservation in northeastern Utah. The population of the Northern Ute Tribe is approximately 3,500. In 1965, the Northern Ute Tribe agreed to allow the United States Bureau of Reclamation to divert a portion of its water from the Uinta Basin (part of the Colorado River Basin) to the Great Basin. The diversion would provide water supply

neg: Miami people Miami people The Miami (Miami-Illinois: "Myaamiaki") are a Native American nation originally speaking one of the Algonquian languages. Among the peoples known as the Great Lakes tribes, it occupied territory that is now identified as Indiana, southwest Michigan, and western Ohio. By 1846, most of the Miami had been removed to Indian Territory (now Oklahoma). The Miami Tribe of Oklahoma is the only federally recognized tribe of Miami Indians in the United States. The Miami Nation of Indiana is an unrecognized tribe. The name Miami derives from "Myaamia" (plural "Myaamiaki"), the tribe's autonym (name for themselves) in their Algonquian language

neg: Native American recognition in the United States Cherokee painter, Bert Seabourn. The 1994 federal legislation, the American Indian Religious Freedom Act, gives another common definition, defining an Indian as one who belongs to an Indian tribe, which is a group that "is recognized as eligible for the special programs and services provided by the United States to Indians because of their status as Indians." The result of there being multiple legal definitions of Indian is that one may be eligible to receive educational grants, but not health benefits, one may be eligible to be chief of a tribe but not to obtain a Bureau of Indian Affairs

neg: Five Civilized Tribes have grown substantially since the Trail of Tears and there are currently about 231,000 members, making the Choctaw the third largest Native American population in the United States. The capital of the Choctaw Nation is currently located in Tuskahoma, Oklahoma. The Muscogee Creek are an American Indian people originally from the southeastern United States, specifically Georgia, Florida, South Carolina, and Alabama. They were there from around 1500 AD till they were forced out by the American Government in the early 19th century. Mvskoke is their name in traditional spelling. The Muscogee Creek tribe is not one tribe but a group

neg: Menominee Tribe v. United States Menominee Tribe v. United States Menominee Tribe v. United States, 391 U.S. 404 (1968), is a case in which the Supreme Court ruled that the Menominee Indian Tribe kept their historical hunting and fishing rights even after the federal government ceased to recognize the tribe. It was a landmark decision in Native American case law. The Menominee Indian Tribe had entered into a series of treaties with the United States that did not specifically state that they had hunting and fishing rights. In 1961, Congress terminated the tribe's federal recognition, ending its right to govern itself, federal support of health

neg: Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians The Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians, known to the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) as the Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Indians of Oregon is a federally recognized Native American tribal government based in Canyonville, Oregon, United States. The Cow Creek Band is also known as the Upper Umpqua. The tribe takes its name from Cow Creek, a tributary of the South Umpqua River. The Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians was originated as a unified entity by the Oregon Superintendent of Indian Affairs on September 19,

neg: Tunica-Biloxi have entitled the tribe to benefit from social programs under the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934. A succession of chiefs, including Chief Horace Pierite Sr, would work at the task. With the Tunica treasure proving their ancient tribal identity, the tribe was able to gain state and federal recognition. They were recognized by the United States government in 1981 as the Tunica Biloxi Indians of Louisiana, later taking the name of Tunica-Biloxi Indian Tribe. The Tunica-Biloxi Tribe operates Louisiana's first land-based casino, Paragon Casino Resort. It opened in Marksville in June 1994. It is now the largest employer in Avoyelles

neg: South Carolina v. Catawba Indian Tribe, Inc. South Carolina v. Catawba Indian Tribe, Inc. South Carolina v. Catawba Indian Tribe, Inc., 476 U.S. 498 (1986), is an important U.S. Supreme Court precedent for aboriginal title in the United States decided in the wake of "County of Oneida v. Oneida Indian Nation of New York State" (Oneida II) (1985). Distinguishing "Oneida II", the Court held that federal policy did not preclude the application of a state statute of limitations to the land claim of a tribe that had been terminated, such as the Catawba tribe. The Court remanded to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth

neg: Passamaquoddy Indian Township Reservation Passamaquoddy Indian Township Reservation Passamaquoddy Indian Township Reservation is one of two Indian reservations of the federally recognized Passamaquoddy tribe in Washington County, Maine, United States. The population was 718 at the 2010 census. Most of the 2500 members of the tribe in the United States live in other parts of Maine. The reservation is located about 13 miles west-northwest of the city of Calais. They also have the small Passamaquoddy Pleasant Point Reservation on the Passamaquoddy Bay, between Eastport, Maine and Perry, Maine. The population was 749 at the 2010 census. Most of the tribe's nearly 3700 members do

neg: Passamaquoddy Indian Township Reservation of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.5% of those under age 18 and 27.8% of those age 65 or over. Passamaquoddy Indian Township Reservation Passamaquoddy Indian Township Reservation is one of two Indian reservations of the federally recognized Passamaquoddy tribe in Washington County, Maine, United States. The population was 718 at the 2010 census. Most of the 2500 members of the tribe in the United States live in other parts of Maine. The reservation is located about 13 miles west-northwest of the city of Calais. They also have the small Passamaquoddy Pleasant Point Reservation on the Passamaquoddy

neg: Native American identity in the United States federally recognized tribal governments in the United States, which are recognized as having the right to establish their own legal requirements for membership. In recent times, legislation related to Indians uses the "political" definition of identifying as Indians those who are members of federally recognized tribes. Most often given is the two-part definition: an "Indian" is someone who is a member of an Indian tribe and an "Indian tribe" is any tribe, band, nation, or organized Indian community recognized by the United States. The government and many tribes prefer this definition because it allows the tribes to determine the meaning

neg: Menominee Tribe v. United States the tribe. Since the Menominee was still a tribe, although not one under federal trusteeship, the tribe had a right to assert a claim arising out of the Wolf River Treaty in accordance with the Indian Claims Commission Act and the Tucker Act. The Court of Claims looked at whether the tribe had hunting and fishing rights and drew the same conclusion as the Wisconsin Supreme Court—that the terms of the treaty had to be resolved in the favor of the tribe, citing "The Menominee Tribe of Indians v. United States", 95 Ct.Cl. 232 (Ct.Cl., 1941). In that decision, the

neg: Rosebud Indian Reservation Rosebud Indian Reservation The Rosebud Indian Reservation (RIR) is an Indian reservation in South Dakota, United States. It is the home of the federally recognized "Sicangu Oyate" (the Upper Brulé Sioux Nation) – also known as "Sicangu Lakota", and the Rosebud Sioux Tribe (RST), a branch of the Lakota people. The Lakota name "Sicangu Oyate" translates into English as "Burnt Thigh Nation"; the French term "Brulé Sioux" is also used. The Rosebud Indian Reservation was established in 1889 after the United States' partition of the Great Sioux Reservation. Created in 1868 by the Treaty of Fort Laramie, the Great Sioux

neg: Oregon Department of Fish & Wildlife v. Klamath Indian Tribe commission's report. In 1901, the Bureau of Indian Affairs negotiated an agreement with the Klamath Tribe for cession of the excluded lands. In the Agreement, the United States agreed to pay the Tribe $537,007.20 for the of reservation land. In Article I, the tribe agreed to "cede, surrender, grant, and convey to the United States all their claim, right, title and interest in and to" that land. The United States Congress ratified the agreement in 1906. Virtually all ceded lands were immediately closed to entry and placed in national forests or parks. In 1982 the Klamath Tribe filed suit against

neg: Methow people of the Colville Reservation, which is recognized by the United States government as an American Indian Tribe. The Methow now speak English. Their endangered language, known as Colville-Okanagan, spoken only by older adults, is a part of the Southern Interior Salish linguistic branch. Methow people The Methow ( ) were a Native American tribe that lived along the Methow River, a tributary of the Columbia River in northern Washington. The river's English name is taken from that of the tribe. The name "Methow" comes from the Okanagan placename "/mətxʷú/", meaning "sunflower (seeds)". The tribe's name for the river was "Buttlemuleemauch",

neg: Pamunkey Indian Tribe Museum in each archaeological time frame, and are color-coded blue, green, yellow, and red respectively, in order to assist the visitor in moving with ease from one era to the other. The museum also hosts a gift shop where visitors can buy handcrafted items crafted by the Pamunkey tribe. In particular, pottery is made using old techniques and the clay used is dug exclusively in the Pamunkey River. Pamunkey Indian Tribe Museum The Pamunkey Indian Tribe Museum is a museum in King William, Virginia, United States, that holds information on the Pamunkey tribe, their history and way of life. The museum

neg: United States v. Washington one of the earliest of these enforcement cases, decided in 1887, the United States Indian Agent and several members of the Yakima tribe filed suit in territorial court to enforce their right of access to off-reservation fishing locations. Frank Taylor, a non-Indian settler, had obtained land from the United States and had fenced off the land, preventing access by the Yakima to their traditional fishing locations. Although the trial court ruled in Taylor's favor, the Supreme Court of the Territory of Washington reversed and held that the tribe had reserved its own rights to fish, thereby creating an easement or

neg: Tribe (Native American) comfortable with the word "Indian," others believe it is pejorative by nature because it erases indigenous cultures by homogenizing the ethnic "Other" in mistaking Indians from India and Native Americans. "Native American" refers to indigenous peoples of the United States and includes non-US Indian groups, such as the Iñupiat, Aleut, and Yupik peoples. Aboriginal peoples of Canada include the First Nations, Métis, and Inuit. Tribe (Native American) In the United States, an Indian tribe, Native American tribe, tribal nation or similar concept is any extant or historical clan, tribe, band, nation, or other group or community of American Indians in

neg: Oliphant v. Suquamish Indian Tribe into the United States," similar to Tribes' abrogated rights to alienate land. By incorporating into the United States, the Court found that Tribes "necessarily [gave] up their power to try non-Indian citizens of the United States except in a manner acceptable to Congress." Arguing that non-Indian citizens should not be subjected to another sovereign's "customs and procedure," the Court analogizes to Crow Dog. In "Crow Dog", which was decided before the Major Crimes Act, the Court found exclusive Tribal jurisdiction over Tribe-members because it would be unfair to subject Tribe-members to an "unknown code" imposed by people of a different

neg: Pawnee Indian Museum State Historic Site Pawnee Indian Museum State Historic Site The Pawnee Indian Museum State Historic Site, designated by the Smithsonian trinomial 14RP1, is an archaeological site and museum located near the city of Republic in the state of Kansas in the Midwestern United States. It is listed in the National Register of Historic Places under the name Pawnee Indian Village Site. At the site are the remains of a village once occupied by the Kitkehahki, or Republican, band of the Pawnee tribe of Native Americans. It is one of four known Kitkehahki sites in the Republican River valley. The dates of occupation of

neg: South Carolina v. Catawba Indian Tribe, Inc. such as this as well as the hardships caused by all concerned during its protracted existence vividly demonstrate that litigation is an unfortunate vehicle by which to resolve essentially political Indian land-claim issues and that a legislative settlement by Congress such as the one ultimately reached is preferable." South Carolina v. Catawba Indian Tribe, Inc. South Carolina v. Catawba Indian Tribe, Inc., 476 U.S. 498 (1986), is an important U.S. Supreme Court precedent for aboriginal title in the United States decided in the wake of "County of Oneida v. Oneida Indian Nation of New York State" (Oneida II) (1985). Distinguishing

neg: Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990 established in 1934, has responsibility for overseeing the implementation of the Act. The US Department of the Interior explicitly states on its informational website about the Act that, "Under the Act, an Indian is defined as a member of any federally or State recognized Indian Tribe, or an individual certified as an Indian artisan by an Indian Tribe." In Section 309.2, the Act defines an "Indian tribe" as: (1) Any Indian tribe, band, nation, Alaska Native village, or any organized group or community which is recognized as eligible for the special programs and services provided by the United States to

neg: Ute Indian Rights Settlement Ute Indian Rights Settlement The Northern Ute Tribe is one of three ethnically-related Ute Tribes. The Northern Ute Tribe occupies and administers the Uintah and Ouray Indian Reservation in northeastern Utah. The population of the Northern Ute Tribe is approximately 3,500. In 1965, the Northern Ute Tribe agreed to allow the United States Bureau of Reclamation to divert a portion of its water from the Uinta Basin (part of the Colorado River Basin) to the Great Basin. The diversion would provide water supply for the Bonneville Unit of the Central Utah Project. In exchange, the Bureau of Reclamation agreed to

neg: Yurok United States. The Yurok Indian Reservation is California's largest tribe, with almost 6000 members. Today Yurok people are enrolled in seven federally recognized tribes: In 2010, 217 sacred artifacts were returned to the Yurok tribe by the Smithsonian Institution. The condor feathers, headdresses and deerskins had been part of the Smithonian's collection for almost 100 years and represent one of the largest Native American repatriations. The regalia will be used in Yurok ceremonies and on display at the tribe's cultural center. Yurok The Yurok, whose name means "downriver people" in the neighboring Karuk language (also called "yuh'ára", or "yurúkvaarar" in

neg: Norridgewock Norridgewock Norridgewock was the name of both an Indian village and a band of the Abenaki ("People of the Dawn") Native Americans/First Nations, an Eastern Algonquian tribe of the United States and Canada. The French of New France called the village Kennebec. The tribe occupied an area in the interior of Maine. During colonial times, this area was territory disputed between British and French colonists, and was set along the claimed western border of Acadia, the western bank of the Kennebec River. Archaeological evidence has identified several different sites associated with the settlement known as Norridgewock. The last one, where

neg: United States v. Lara United States v. Lara United States v. Lara, 541 U.S. 193 (2004), was a United States Supreme Court case which held that both the United States and a Native American (Indian) tribe could prosecute an Indian for the same acts that constituted crimes in both jurisdictions. The Court held that the United States and the tribe were separate sovereigns; therefore, separate tribal and federal prosecutions did not violate the Double Jeopardy Clause. In the 1880s, Congress passed the Major Crimes Act, divesting tribes of criminal jurisdiction in regard to several felony crimes. In 1990, the Supreme Court ruled in "Duro

neg: Tribal sovereignty in the United States punishment to one year in jail and a $5,000 fine. Tribal Courts have no criminal jurisdiction over non-Indians. In PL280 states, the state has been granted criminal and civil adjudicatory jurisdiction over activities in Indian Country. In non-PL280 states, Indian on Indian crime in Indian Country may be prosecuted in federal court if the crime is one of those listed in the "Major Crimes Act" (18 USC §1153). Indian on non-Indian crime in Indian Country will be prosecuted in federal court, either from the "MCA", or the "Indian Country Crimes Act" (§1152) (unless the Indian was punished by the tribe).

neg: Shamong Township, New Jersey England poured into New York after the Revolutionary War, encroaching on Indian territory. Finally, the Stockbridge and Munsee relocated to Wisconsin in the 1820s and 1830s, pushed out with the Oneida by the United States Indian Removal policy to relocate Native Americans to west of the Mississippi River. Today the Stockbridge-Munsee Community is a federally recognized tribe, with a reservation in Shawano County, Wisconsin. A 1992 non-binding referendum gave voters the opportunity to consider renaming the township to Indian Mills, the name of an unincorporated community in the township. According to the United States Census Bureau, the township had a

neg: United States v. White Mountain Apache Tribe which were transferred to the tribe by the United States Congress in 1960. Although the tribe owned the Fort Apache buildings, they were held in trust and used exclusively by the federal government for an Indian school. This was a continuation of the building's use from when the federal government retained title. As more schools were built at other Indian reservations, attendance dropped at the Fort Apache school. The tribe began to plan for use of the buildings and sought designation as a historic site. When the federal government wanted to turn the property over to the tribe for use,

neg: United States v. White Mountain Apache Tribe United States v. White Mountain Apache Tribe United States v. White Mountain Apache Tribe, 537 U.S. 465 (2003), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held in a 5–4 decision that when the federal government used land or property held in trust for an Indian tribe, it had the duty to maintain that land or property and was liable for any damages for a breach of that duty. In the 1870s, the White Mountain Apache Tribe was placed on a reservation in Arizona. The case involved Fort Apache, a collection of buildings on the reservation

neg: South Dakota v. Bourland South Dakota v. Bourland South Dakota v. Bourland, 508 U.S. 679 (1993), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that Congress specifically abrogated treaty rights with the Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe as to hunting and fishing rights on reservation lands that were acquired for a reservoir. In 1868, the Fort Laramie Treaty, was signed between the United States and the Sioux Indian Tribe. This reservation covered almost the entire present day state of South Dakota, but was broken up into six separate reservations in 1889, one of which was the Cheyenne River Indian Reservation.

neg: Native Americans in the United States the box for Native American. American Indian activists in the United States and Canada have criticized the use of Native American mascots in sports, as perpetuating stereotypes. There has been a steady decline in the number of secondary school and college teams using such names, images, and mascots. Some tribal team names have been approved by the tribe in question, such as the Seminole Tribe of Florida's approving use of their name for the teams of Florida State University. Among professional teams, only the NBA's Golden State Warriors discontinued use of Native American-themed logos in 1971. Controversy has remained regarding

neg: Cayuga Nation of New York by the Supreme Court of the United States, which was [ denied on May 15, 2006]. The time in which the Cayuga Indian Nation could ask the U.S. Supreme Court to rehear the case has passed. Cayuga Nation of New York The Cayuga Nation of New York is a federally recognized tribe of Cayuga people, based in New York, United States. Other organized tribes with Cayuga members are the federally recognized Seneca-Cayuga Tribe of Oklahoma and the Canadian-recognized Six Nations of the Grand River First Nation in Ontario, Canada. The name Cayuga (Gayogohó:no') means "People of the Great Swamp." They

neg: Gambling in the United States the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act in 1988. Under the NIGC, Class I gaming is under the sole jurisdiction of the tribe. Class II gaming is governed by the tribe, but it is also subject to NIGC regulation. Class III gaming is under the jurisdiction of the states. For instance, in order for a tribe to build and operate a casino, the tribe must work and negotiate with the state in which it is located. These Tribal-State compacts determine how much revenue the states will obtain from the Indian casinos. The Indian Gaming Regulatory Act requires that gaming revenues be used

neg: Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians Little Shell Band of Chippewa Indians (of Montana) is a separate tribe, given the Little Shell Band's independent development since the 1890s and its relocation to Montana to have a separate government. The courts have recognized three independent units claiming the name Chippewa, and several unassociated members of that band. This case refers to cases of the Indian Claims Commission and United States Court of Claims, which can no longer be found online at their original sources, as the cases are old. The Turtle Mountain Chippewa became the first tribe in the United States to ban hydraulic fracturing (fracking) on

neg: Indian commerce with early English colonists and the early United States many tribes were pushed by the government into western states such as Kansas, Kentucky, and Missouri. The Shawnee was one such tribe that was pushed from Pennsylvania and into Ohio, Alabama, and Illinois. The Shawnee traded fur in exchange for rum or brandy. Alcohol abuse became a serious problem within the tribe. Another tribe that heavily populated the southern plains region was the Comanche tribe Another tribe that heavily populated the southern plains region was the Comanche tribe. The Comanche were mostly farmers before the tribal conflicts over the fur trade that began due to the Europeans. After the fur

neg: Cowlitz Indian Tribe democratically elected board of tribal council members. Salish is commonly spoken by the tribe. The Cowlitz language belongs to the Tsamosan branch of Salishan languages. A dictionary has been published for Cowlitz. The Cowlitz Indian Tribe has built the Ilani Casino Resort with ten restaurants and plans for a hotel, located near Ridgefield, Washington. Cowlitz people actively traded with other tribes and later European Americans. 19th century treaties were not ratified by the United States or were unacceptable to the Cowlitz. In 1906 the tribe, under the leadership of Chief Atwin Stockum, began formal political relations with the United States.

neg: United States v. Rogers United States v. Rogers United States v. Rogers, 45 U.S. (4 How.) 567 (1846), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States holding that a white man, adopted into an Indian tribe, does not become exempt from the enforcement of the laws prohibiting murder. William S. Rogers, a white man, was indicted for the murder of Jacob Nicholson, another white man, by the grand jury for the Circuit Court of the United States for the District of Arkansas. The murder took place in the Indian Territory. Rogers claimed that he had been adopted into the tribe

neg: Ktunaxa Nation Kootenay Indian District Council. The name was changed in 1970 to the Ktunaxa/Kinbasket Tribal Council to reflect the presence both Kutenai and Secwepemc citizens in the council. In 2005, the named was changed to Ktunaxa Nation Council following the departure of the Shuswap Indian Band. Ktunaxa Nation The Ktunaxa Nation or Ktunaxa Nation Council is a First Nations tribal council government comprising four Ktunaxa (Kutenai) bands in the Canadian province of British Columbia. It is one of three Kutenai governments, the others being the Kootenai Tribe of Idaho and the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes in the United States. The

neg: United States v. Rogers since his marriage to a Native American (Indian) woman and that he was now part of the Cherokee Tribe. He claimed that Nicholson had also been adopted into the tribe and was a Cherokee. Rogers claimed that as an Indian (by adoption), the United States did not have jurisdiction to try him for the murder of another Indian (also by adoption). Chief Justice Roger B. Taney delivered the opinion of the court. Taney noted that while the Cherokee nation and their treaties with the United States did have bearing, Rogers was a white man and a citizen of the United

neg: Native American identity in the United States "the question of who is 'more' or 'most' Indian may draw people away from common concerns." In some cases, one's opinion about one's self is sufficient to define one as Indian. One can often choose to identify as Indian without outside verification when filling out a census form, a college application, or writing a letter to the editor of a newspaper. A "self-identified Indian" is a person who may not satisfy the legal requirements which define a Native American according to the United States government or a single tribe, but who understands and expresses her own identity as Native American.

neg: Menominee Tribe of Wis. v. United States over equitable tolling cases for years to come" and suggested that "[f]uture Indian tribes with similar problems may well wish that the tribe in this case had accepted its defeat at the court of appeals without pushing for such a stern limitation on the doctrine from the Supreme Court itself." Menominee Tribe of Wis. v. United States Menominee Tribe of Wis. v. United States, 577 U.S. ___ (2016), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States clarified when litigants are entitled to equitable tolling of a statute of limitations. In a unanimous opinion written by Justice

neg: Beaver Creek Indian Tribe Beaver Creek Indian Tribe The Beaver Creek Indian Tribe is a small state recognized Native American tribe located in Orangeburg County, South Carolina. They achieved state recognition on January 27, 2006 and have begun the process of seeking federal recognition through the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs. They are a member of the South Carolina Indian Affairs Commission. Their people were recorded on historical lands located between the two forks of the Edisto River, especially along Beaver Creek. Historical accounts document the tribe in this area since the 18th century. Most of the tribe's members still live in the

neg: Chickasaw Nation v. United States Chickasaw Nation v. United States Chickasaw Nation v. United States, 534 U.S. 84 (2001), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that Indian tribes were liable for taxes on gambling operations under 25 U.S.C. §§ 2701–2721. The Chickasaw Nation operated several business, and used a pull-tab, similar to a scratch-off lottery ticket, to generate revenue for the tribe. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) advised the tribe that the tribe owed excise taxes and federal occupational taxes on revenue generated from the sales of these pull-tabs to the public. The tribe paid the amount sought

neg: Lower Brule, South Dakota Lower Brule, South Dakota Lower Brule () is a census-designated place (CDP) in Lyman County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 613 at the 2010 census. This community is located within the Lower Brule Indian Reservation, from which it takes its name. Lower Brule is located at (44.074014, -99.580716). According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all of it land. Lower Brule has been assigned the ZIP code 57548. The reservation has a boat landing north of the city where walleyes and other fish can be caught. The local Indian tribe

neg: Lower Brule Indian Reservation Lower Brule Indian Reservation The Lower Brulé Indian Reservation is an Indian reservation that belongs to the Lower Brulé Lakota Tribe. It is located on the west bank of the Missouri River in Lyman and Stanley counties in central South Dakota in the United States. It is adjacent to the Crow Creek Indian Reservation on the east bank of the river. The "Kul Wicasa Oyate" (lower…men…nation), the Lower Brulé Sioux, are members of the Sicangu (Burnt Thigh), one of the bands of the Lakota Tribe. Tribal headquarters is in Lower Brule. The Sioux consist of a group of self-governing tribes

neg: Uintah and Ouray Indian Reservation Uintah and Ouray Indian Reservation The Uintah and Ouray Indian Reservation is located in northeastern Utah, United States. It is the homeland of the Ute Indian Tribe, and is the largest of three Indian reservations inhabited by members of the Ute Tribe of Native Americans. It lies in parts of seven counties; in descending order of land area they are: Uintah, Duchesne, Wasatch, Grand, Carbon, Utah, and Emery counties. The total land area is with control of the lands split between Ute Indian Allottees, the Ute Indian Tribe, and the Ute Distribution Corporation. The tribe owns lands that total approximately

neg: Cultural assimilation of Native Americans Mescalero Apache American Indian tribe would not be held accountable for the actions of Victorio's Band. This outcome demonstrates not only the sovereignty of American Indian tribes from the United States, but also their sovereignty from one another. One group of American Indians cannot be held accountable for the actions of another group of American Indians, even though they are all part of the American Indian nation. In this case, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the Yakama tribe, reaffirming their prerogative to fish and hunt on off-reservation land. Further, the case established two important principles regarding the interpretation

neg: United States v. Antelope and "Rogers" would survive a case where a tribe enrolled a non-Indian as a member of that tribe, believing that such a challenge would result in the end of the "some Indian blood" requirement. Other scholars point to a series of cases, including "Antelope", indicating that Congress has plenary power to regulate the Indians tribes as it sees fit. United States v. Antelope United States v. Antelope, 430 U.S. 641 (1977), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that American Indians convicted on reservation land were not deprived of the equal protection of the laws;

neg: Wasco, California Wasco, California Wasco (formerly, Dewey and Deweyville) is a city in the San Joaquin Valley, in Kern County, California, United States. Wasco is located northwest of Bakersfield, at an elevation of . The population was 25,545 at the 2010 census, up from 21,263 at the 2000 census. Wasco is the headquarters of the Tejon Indian Tribe of California, a federally recognized tribe of Kitanemuk, Yokuts, and Chumash indigenous people of California. The name Dewey was in honor of Admiral George Dewey, a hero of the Spanish–American War. The Deweyville post office opened in 1899, and changed its name to Wasco

neg: Moses J. Yellow Horse Moses J. Yellow Horse Moses J. "Chief" Yellow Horse (also Yellowhorse) (January 28, 1898 – April 10, 1964), was an American professional baseball pitcher. He played two seasons in Major League Baseball for the Pittsburgh Pirates, from 1921 until 1922. An Oklahoma native, Yellow Horse, a Native American from the Pawnee tribe, was the first full-blooded American Indian to have played in the Major Leagues. Yellow Horse was born in United States Indian Territory to Clara and Thomas Yellow Horse in the early part of 1898 (one source lists his given name as "Mose", though all other sources give it

neg: Captives in American Indian Wars of captives, and their associated treatment; the American Indian Wars and migrations of the 19th century also resulted in many captives being taken. Captivity narratives were often written by European Americans who were ransomed or escaped from captivity. In the eastern woodlands cultural area (roughly encompassing the eastern one-half of the United States, and the southern portion of Quebec and Ontario), cultural traditions for dealing with captives predated the arrival of Europeans, and involved either adoption or execution by torture. Some captives were adopted into their captors' tribe. Adoption frequently involved the captive receiving the name of a deceased member

neg: Junundat Junundat Junundat was a Wyandot Indian village located west of present-day Sandusky, Ohio, United States. It was perhaps founded about 1754 by a tribe of Wyandots moving south from the vicinity of Detroit under the leadership of Orontony. The name "Junundat" is an alternate version of "Wyandot" (a.k.a. Owendats/Wendats), a tribe also known as the "Hurons" by the French. The village of "Junundat" (known by various historical spellings, including "Sunyendeand"), and nicknamed "Fort Junundat" by later historians, was a semi-fortified Indian trading-post; and it was also said to have been built with help from the French military, but this may

neg: Mohegan as the "successor in interest to the aboriginal entity known as the Mohegan Indian Tribe." The United States took land into trust the same year, under an act of Congress to serve as a reservation for the tribe. Most of the Mohegan people in Connecticut today live on the Mohegan Reservation at near Uncasville in the Town of Montville, New London County. The MTIC operate one of two Mohegan Sun Casinos on their reservation in Uncasville. The Mohegan Indian Tribe was historically based in central southern Connecticut, originally part of the Pequot people. It gradually became independent and served as

neg: Idaho v. United States Idaho v. United States Idaho v. United States, 533 U.S. 262 (2001), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that the United States, not the state of Idaho, held title to lands submerged under Lake Coeur d'Alene and the St. Joe River, and that the land was held in trust for the Coeur d'Alene Tribe as part of its reservation, and in recognition (established in the 19th century) of the importance of traditional tribal uses of these areas for basic food and other needs. The Coeur d'Alene Tribe is an Indian tribe in northern Idaho.

neg: Beaver Creek Indian Tribe century many Beaver Creek Indian elders shared that while growing up their families always felt the need to be as secretive as possible about being Indians. They went on to state that they were forbidden to speak publicly about being Indians. Beaver Creek Indian Tribe The Beaver Creek Indian Tribe is a small state recognized Native American tribe located in Orangeburg County, South Carolina. They achieved state recognition on January 27, 2006 and have begun the process of seeking federal recognition through the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs. They are a member of the South Carolina Indian Affairs Commission.

neg: Chetopa, Kansas Chetopa, Kansas Chetopa is a city in Labette County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 1,125. Chetopa was named for Chief Chetopah, an Osage Indian chief. Later, the community name was shortened. The community began as an Osage village, named after its chief Chetopah, whose name in the Osage language signifies "four lodges," was an advocate of peace, the leading chief of the Little Osage tribe, and one of the chief counselors of the Osage Nation. In 1847 a trading post to exchange goods with the Osage Nation was established here by Larkin McGhee.

neg: C & L Enterprises, Inc. v. Citizen Band, Potawatomi Indian Tribe of Oklahoma immunity. C & L Enterprises, Inc. v. Citizen Band, Potawatomi Indian Tribe of Oklahoma C & L Enterprises, Inc. v. Citizen Band, Potawatomi Indian Tribe of Oklahoma, 532 U.S. 411 (2001), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that the tribe waived its sovereign immunity when it agreed to a contract containing an arbitration agreement. In 1993, the Citizen Band Potawatomi Indian Tribe of Oklahoma entered into a contract with C & L Enterprises, Inc. to install a roof on a tribally owned building that was not on reservation land. Prior to the work being

neg: C & L Enterprises, Inc. v. Citizen Band, Potawatomi Indian Tribe of Oklahoma C & L Enterprises, Inc. v. Citizen Band, Potawatomi Indian Tribe of Oklahoma C & L Enterprises, Inc. v. Citizen Band, Potawatomi Indian Tribe of Oklahoma, 532 U.S. 411 (2001), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that the tribe waived its sovereign immunity when it agreed to a contract containing an arbitration agreement. In 1993, the Citizen Band Potawatomi Indian Tribe of Oklahoma entered into a contract with C & L Enterprises, Inc. to install a roof on a tribally owned building that was not on reservation land. Prior to the work being performed

neg: Indian reservation Indian reservation An Indian reservation is a legal designation for an area of land managed by a federally recognized Native American tribe under the U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs rather than the state governments of the United States in which they are physically located. Each of the 326 Indian reservations in the United States is associated with a particular Native American nation. Not all of the country's 567 recognized tribes have a reservation—some tribes have more than one reservation, while some share reservations. In addition, because of past land allotments, leading to some sales to non–Native Americans, some reservations are

neg: United States v. Lara amicus briefs filed by the State of Washington and seven other states, the State of Idaho and five other states, the National Congress of American Indians, and eighteen Indian tribes. Alexander F. Reichert was appointed by the Supreme Court to argue the case for Lara. Reichert argued that an Indian tribe had no inherent sovereignty in regards to non-member Indians, but only the power that Congress decided to give the tribe, citing "Duro", "Wheeler", and "Oliphant v. Suquamish Indian Tribe" to support his argument. He stated that it was the place of the Supreme Court, not Congress, to determine the

neg: Cherokee Nation political rather than racial terms, and have stated it is a compelling interest of the United States. This principle of self-government and tribal sovereignty is controversial. According to the Boston College sociologist and Cherokee, Eva Marie Garroutte, up to 32 separate definitions of "Indian" are used in federal legislation, as of a 1978 congressional survey. The 1994 Federal Legislation AIRFA (American Indian Religious Freedom Act) defines an Indian as one who belongs to an Indian Tribe, which is a group that "is recognized as eligible for the special programs and services provided by the United States to Indians because of

neg: United States v. Lara 1886, the Act was upheld by the Supreme Court in "United States v. Kagama". In 1990, the Supreme Court held in "Duro v. Reina" that an Indian tribe did not have jurisdiction to try an Indian of another tribe. Tribal leaders urged Congress to fix the problem that the "Duro" decision created. In 1991, Congress amended the Indian Civil Rights Act (ICRA) to recognize that Indian tribes had inherent power to exercise criminal jurisdiction over all Indians. This legislation became known as the ""Duro" fix", and was based on tribal sovereignty rather than a federal delegation of power. Billy Jo

neg: City of Sherrill v. Oneida Indian Nation of New York City of Sherrill v. Oneida Indian Nation of New York City of Sherrill v. Oneida Indian Nation of New York, 544 U.S. 197 (2005), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that repurchase of traditional tribal lands did not restore tribal sovereignty to that land. The Oneida Indian Nation originally lived on about in central New York. In 1788, the state of New York and the tribe entered into a treaty where the tribe ceded all but to the state and kept the 300,000 as their reservation. Two years later, the United States Congress

neg: Ta-Na-E-Ka signed "M. Whitebird", a name the author chose as "sound[ing] generally Indian". Later, "Whitebird" wrote of meeting a teenaged Navajo girl, Jenny, whose Navajo name was Granddaughter-of-he-who-sings; Jenny's difficulty balancing her desire to explore the greater world with her allegiance to Navajo customs inspired the "character" of "Mary Whitebird". "Whitebird" claimed that the Kaw tribe was largely wiped out in the early twentieth century by tuberculosis and cholera; in reality, full-blooded Kaw lived in the United States until 2000 and the tribe continues to exist today. In 2012, a complete dictionary of the Kaw language was compiled, and contains no

neg: Buhl Woman to the nearest federally recognized Tribe, in this instance, the Shoshone–Bannock Tribes at Fort Hall. In 1992, the remains and the artifacts were turned over to the Shoshone–Bannock of Fort Hall over the strenuous objections of many archaeologists, and despite the lack of evidence linking Buhla with this tribe. The tribe reburied the remains in 1993. Buhl Woman Buhla is the name for a skeleton of a prehistoric (Paleo-Indian) woman found in a quarry near Buhl, Idaho, United States, in January 1989. The skeleton's age has been estimated by radiocarbon dating at 10,675 ± 95 BP, which confirms this as

neg: United States v. White Mountain Apache Tribe that "in trust" meant was that the land was not subject to alienation or to state taxation. Robert C. Brauchli, an attorney from Arizona, argued the case for the White Mountain Apache Tribe. As respondent, Brauchli argued that the 1960 act, by using the term "trust", did create liability for monetary damages. Since a trust was formed by law, the Indian Tucker Act allowed a lawsuit for damages to go forward. The tribe noted that the trust relationship was "one of the primary cornerstones of Indian law". The National Congress of American Indians filed an "amicus curiae" brief supporting the

neg: Indian reservation Mexico. This march is similar to the well known Cherokee "Trail of Tears" and like it, many tribe did not survive the trek. The roughly 11,000 tribe members were imprisoned here in what the United States government deemed an experimental Indian reservation that failed because it became too expensive, there were too many people to feed, and they were continuously raided by other native tribes. Consequently, in 1868, the Navajo were allowed to return to their homeland after signing the Treaty of Bosque Redondo. The treaty officially established the "Navajo Indian Reservation" in Northern Arizona. The term reservation is one

neg: Confederate States of America 1862, north to the 34th parallel. Marcus H. MacWillie served in both Confederate Congresses as Arizona's delegate. In 1862 the Confederate New Mexico Campaign to take the northern half of the U.S. territory failed and the Confederate territorial government in exile relocated to San Antonio, Texas. Confederate supporters in the trans-Mississippi west also claimed portions of United States Indian Territory after the United States evacuated the federal forts and installations. Over half of the American Indian troops participating in the Civil War from the Indian Territory supported the Confederacy; troops and one general were enlisted from each tribe. On July

neg: Oliphant v. Suquamish Indian Tribe a voluntary "Pilot Project" to allow certain tribes to begin exercising special jurisdiction sooner. On February 6, 2014, three tribes were selected for this Pilot Project: the Pascua Yaqui Tribe (Arizona), the Tulalip Tribes of Washington, and the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (Oregon). Oliphant v. Suquamish Indian Tribe Oliphant v. Suquamish Indian Tribe, 435 U.S. 191 (1978), is a United States Supreme Court case deciding "whether Indian tribal courts have criminal jurisdiction over non-Indians." The Court held that they did not. The case was decided on March 6, 1978, with a 6–2 majority. The court opinion was

neg: Sabattus, Maine Sabattus, Maine Sabattus is a town in Androscoggin County, Maine, United States. The population was 4,876 at the 2010 census. It is included in both the Lewiston-Auburn, Maine Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Lewiston-Auburn, Maine Metropolitan New England City and Town Area. The town was formerly known as Webster, and changed its name to Sabattus in 1971, in honor of a former Anasagunticook Indian chief. The town's website is http://sabattus.org/. The town was set off from Lisbon,and incorporated as Webster on March 7, 1840. The name Sabattus comes from one of the chiefs of the Native American tribe that lived

neg: United States v. White Mountain Apache Tribe with law reviews, the case has been cited in numerous books, especially those dealing with federal litigation or Indian law. It has been cited extensively in regards to the trust relationship between BIA and the tribes, and has been used as an example of the fiduciary duty held by the government. United States v. White Mountain Apache Tribe United States v. White Mountain Apache Tribe, 537 U.S. 465 (2003), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held in a 5–4 decision that when the federal government used land or property held in trust for an

neg: Hoh Indian Tribe of the Hoh Indian Reservation Hoh Indian Tribe of the Hoh Indian Reservation The Hoh or Chalá·at (′Those-Who-Live-on-the-Hoh River′ or ′People of the Hoh River′) are a Native American tribe in western Washington state in the United States. The tribe lives on the Pacific Coast of Washington on the Olympic Peninsula. The Hoh moved onto the Hoh Indian Reservation, at the mouth of the Hoh River, on the Pacific Coast of Jefferson County, after the signing of the Quinault Treaty on July 1, 1855. The reservation has a land area of and a 2000 census resident population of 102 persons, 81 of whom were Native

neg: Oneida Indian Nation In unrelated cases involving other Indian tribes and whether the IRA applied to them, the BIA issued a ruling that the fact that a tribe conducted a vote related to reorganizing under the IRA, was sufficient to establish that an Indian Tribe was under federal jurisdiction in 1934. A 1980 BIA memorandum determined that the phrase "recognized tribe now under federal jurisdiction" includes tribes that existed in 1934 and had a continuing course of dealing with the United State or some other legal obligation. To this day, the United States honors its legal obligations to the OIN under the 1794

neg: Kurumbar (tribe) Kurumbar (tribe) Kurumbas (or) Kurumbar (Tamil : குரும்பர்) are a designated Scheduled Tribe in the Indian states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu. The Kurumbar are one of the earliest known inhabitants of the Western Ghats, who are engaged in the collection and gathering of forest produce, mainly wild honey and wax. The members of this community are short, have black skin, and have protruding foreheads. Kurumbar believe in Hinduism and have a language, which is a mixture of all Dravidian languages. The main deity of the tribe is Lord Shiva under the name of Bhairava. They also worship animals, birds,

neg: Tribal sovereignty in the United States Non-Indian on Indian crime in Indian Country will be prosecuted in federal court using "ICCA". Non-Indian on non-Indian crime in Indian Country will be prosecuted by the state. While tribal nations do not enjoy direct access to U.S. courts to bring cases against individual states, as sovereign nations they do enjoy immunity against many lawsuits, unless a plaintiff is granted a waiver by the tribe or by congressional abrogation. The sovereignty extends to tribal enterprises and tribal casinos or gaming commissions. The "Indian Civil Rights Act" does not allow actions against an Indian tribe in federal court for deprivation of

neg: Yemassee, South Carolina portion of Yemassee is included within the Hilton Head Island-Bluffton-Beaufort, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area. Yemassee hosts one of the few commercial breeding facilities of non-human primates in the entire United States (Alpha Genesis, Inc.). Also, the Frank Lloyd Wright-designed Auldbrass Plantation house and outbuildings lie just outside the town limits of Yemassee. The town takes its name from the Native American tribe of the same name, the Yamasee, which was the most important Indian ally of South Carolina until the Yamasee War of 1715. The first attack that began the Yamasee War occurred in the Yamasee town of Pocotaligo, today

neg: Seminole Tribe of Florida Seminole Tribe of Florida The Seminole Tribe of Florida is a federally recognized Seminole tribe based in the U.S. state of Florida. Together with the Seminole Nation of Oklahoma and the Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida, it is one of three federally recognized Seminole entities. It received that status in 1957; today it has six Indian reservations in Florida. In 1975, the Tribe established tax-free smoke shops and a high-stakes bingo operation that became the first tribal gaming endeavor in the United States. These ventures, particularly the gaming operation, have generated significant revenues for education, welfare and economic development.

neg: Native American recognition in the United States as an Indian artisan by an Indian tribe." An Indian tribe was defined more broadly than just to tribes with federal recognition, but also to "any Indian group that has been formally recognized as an Indian tribe by a State legislature or by a State commission or similar organization legislatively vested with State tribal recognition authority." The broadness sought in part to protect the civil liberties of those who have Indian heritage and culture, but are not tribal members. However, the definition was not broad enough to avoid disallowing many artists whose Indian background was not in doubt, including well-known

neg: Muscogee On August 11, 1984, these efforts culminated in the United States Government, Department of Interior, and the Bureau of Indian Affairs acknowledging that the Poarch Band of Creek Indians existed as an "Indian Tribe". The tribe is the only federally recognized tribe in the state of Alabama. On November 21, 1984, the US government took of land into trust for the tribe as a communal holding. On April 12, 1985, were declared a reservation. Alabama: Georgia: Many Muscogee moved out of their tribal nation in Oklahoma to the nearest cities (Tulsa and Oklahoma City), and to other states like California,

neg: Miami, Oklahoma Miami, Oklahoma Miami ( ) is a city in and county seat of Ottawa County, Oklahoma, United States, founded in 1891. Lead and zinc mining established by 1918, caused it to boom. It is the capital of the Miami Tribe of Oklahoma, after which it is named, the Modoc Tribe of Oklahoma, Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma, Peoria Tribe of Indians and Shawnee Tribe. As of the 2010 census, it had 13,570 inhabitants, a one percent decline since 2000. Miami began in an unusual way, compared to other towns in Indian Territory. Per the "Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture" "...

neg: Mashantucket Pequot Tribe Mashantucket Pequot Tribe The Mashantucket Pequot Tribal Nation is a federally recognized American Indian tribe in the state of Connecticut. They are descended from the Pequot people, an Algonquian-language tribe that dominated the southern New England coastal areas, and they own and operate Foxwoods Resort Casino within their reservation in Ledyard, Connecticut. As of 2018, Foxwoods Resort Casino is one of the largest casinos in the world in terms of square footage, casino floor size, and number of slot machines, and it was one of the most economically successful in the United States until 2007, but it became deeply in

neg: Tribe of Tahquitz Tribe of Tahquitz The Tribe of Tahquitz is one of a few local Boy Scout honor societies in the United States that have not been absorbed by the Order of the Arrow. The organization was created in 1925 and consisted of 15 honor Scouts who were chosen to start and maintain a perpetual volunteer summer camp staff at Camp Tahquitz. To keep active during the winter months, the tribe has developed an extensive Indian Lore, backpacking and service program. These programs benefit the Long Beach Area Council and surrounding community and give the tribesmen unique youth leadership experience. The tribe

neg: Elk v. Wilkins Amendment as written by Justice Gray. The Elk v. Wilkins opinion remains valid for interpretation of future citizenship issues regarding the 14th Amendment, but has been rendered undebatable for its application to native Indians due to the Act of Congress. The question then was whether an Indian born a member of one of the Indian tribes within the United States is, merely by reason of his or her birth within the United States and of his afterward voluntarily separating him or herself from the tribe and taking up residence among white citizens, a citizen of the United States within the

neg: United States v. Ramsey (1926) 30, 1929, and, over the protests of the Osage tribe, was paroled on July 31, 1947. Ramsey was paroled four months later. Burkhart was released in October 1959. United States v. Ramsey (1926) United States v. Ramsey, 271 U.S. 467 (1926), was a U.S. Supreme Court case in which the Court held that the government had the authority to prosecute crimes against Native Americans (Indians) on reservation land that was still designated Indian Country by federal law. The Osage Indian Tribe held mineral rights that were worth millions of dollars. A white rancher, William K. Hale, devised a plot to

neg: Lower Brule Indian Reservation for the tribe. The Lower Brule Sioux Tribe is a sovereign nation defined by its government-to-government relationship with the United States. As part of the Great Sioux Nation, the Tribe signed treaties in 1824, 1851, 1865 and 1868 with the federal government that constitute the legal documents establishing boundaries and recognizing the rights of sovereign tribal governments. The Tribe was chartered under the Indian Reorganization Act of June 18, 1934. Its constitution was ratified on July 11, 1936, and bylaws were approved in 1960. The Tribe has contracted several aspects of self-government under the 1975 Indian Self Determination and Education

neg: White Mountain Apache Tribe v. Bracker White Mountain Apache Tribe v. Bracker White Mountain Apache Tribe v. Bracker, 448 U.S. 136 (1980), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States holding that Arizona's taxes that were assessed against a non-Indian contractor that was working exclusively for an Indian tribe on that tribe's reservation were preempted by federal law. The Fort Apache Timber Company (FATCO) is a tribal enterprise created by the White Mountain Apache tribe contracted with the Pinetop Logging Company (Pinetop) in 1969 to transport and sell lumber harvested by FATCO on the Fort Apache Indian Reservation. The lumber itself is

neg: Native American flute by Native Americans. In the United States, wrongfully claiming that an artifact is crafted by "an Indian" is a felony offense. The US Department of the Interior explicitly states on its informational website about the Act that, "Under the Act, an Indian is defined as a member of any federally or State recognized Indian Tribe, or an individual certified as an Indian artisan by an Indian Tribe." Based on this statue, only a flute fashioned by a person who qualifies as an Indian under the terms of the statue can legally be sold as a "Native American flute" or "American

neg: United States v. Ramsey (1926) United States v. Ramsey (1926) United States v. Ramsey, 271 U.S. 467 (1926), was a U.S. Supreme Court case in which the Court held that the government had the authority to prosecute crimes against Native Americans (Indians) on reservation land that was still designated Indian Country by federal law. The Osage Indian Tribe held mineral rights that were worth millions of dollars. A white rancher, William K. Hale, devised a plot to kill tribal members to allow his nephew, who was married to a tribal member, to inherit the mineral rights. The tribe requested the assistance of the federal government,

neg: Lucas v. United States a member of the tribe, the government should have been required to prove that element in order to establish jurisdiction. Shiras noted that §§ 2145-2146, Revised Statutes, stated that the federal courts did not have jurisdiction over Indian on Indian crime where the tribe had a tribal court. He also held that allowing John LeFlore testify as to what Kemp had told him was hearsay and inadmissible. The Court ordered that Lucas be retried, and reversed his conviction. Lucas was then released to the Choctaw Nation for trial. Lucas v. United States Lucas v. United States, 163 U.S. 612 (1896),

neg: Five Civilized Tribes "Chickasaw" is the English spelling of "Chikasha" (), that either means "rebel" or "comes from Chicsa". The Chickasaw are divided in two groups: the "Impsaktea" and the "Intcutwalipa". The Chickasaws were one of the "Five Civilized Tribes" who went to the Indian Territory during the era of Indian Removal. Unlike other tribes, who exchanged land grants, the Chickasaw received financial compensation from the United States for their lands east of the Mississippi River. The Chickasaw Nation is the thirteenth largest federally recognized tribe in the United States. The Chickasaws built some of the first banks, schools, and businesses in Indian

neg: United States v. Quiver clearly directs otherwise? In our opinion this is the true view. United States v. Quiver United States v. Quiver, 241 U.S. 602 (1916), is a case decided by the United States Supreme Court after first appearing in United States District Court for the District of South Dakota. The case argued on February 28, 1916 and decided on June 12, 1916 concerned adultery committed on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota between two enrolled members of the Oglala Sioux Tribe. The district court had held that adultery committed by an Indian with another Indian on an Indian reservation was

neg: Big Cypress Indian Reservation Big Cypress Indian Reservation The Big Cypress Indian Reservation is one of the six reservations of the Seminole Tribe of Florida. It is located in southeastern Hendry County and northwestern Broward County, in southern Florida, United States. Its location is on the Atlantic coastal plain. This reservation lies south of Lake Okeechobee and just north of Alligator Alley. It is governed by the Seminole Tribe of Florida's Tribal Council, and is the largest of the five Seminole reservations in the state. Facilities on the reservation include the tribal museum and a major entertainment and rodeo complex. The land area is

neg: Big Cypress Indian Reservation and is a Smithsonian Institution Affiliate. Big Cypress Indian Reservation The Big Cypress Indian Reservation is one of the six reservations of the Seminole Tribe of Florida. It is located in southeastern Hendry County and northwestern Broward County, in southern Florida, United States. Its location is on the Atlantic coastal plain. This reservation lies south of Lake Okeechobee and just north of Alligator Alley. It is governed by the Seminole Tribe of Florida's Tribal Council, and is the largest of the five Seminole reservations in the state. Facilities on the reservation include the tribal museum and a major entertainment and

neg: Menominee Tribe v. United States construe treaty rights and statutes liberally in favor of the Indians, even when the treaty does not specifically speak of hunting and fishing. In 1973, Congress repealed termination and restored federal recognition of the Menominee tribe. The Menominee Restoration Act was signed by Richard Nixon; it repealed the Menominee Indian Termination Act, reopened the tribal rolls, re-established the trust status and provided for the reformation of tribal government. The tribe was the first terminated tribe to be restored to trust and recognition status. The Restoration Act signaled the end of the termination era. Menominee Tribe v. United States Menominee Tribe

neg: United States v. Quiver United States v. Quiver United States v. Quiver, 241 U.S. 602 (1916), is a case decided by the United States Supreme Court after first appearing in United States District Court for the District of South Dakota. The case argued on February 28, 1916 and decided on June 12, 1916 concerned adultery committed on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota between two enrolled members of the Oglala Sioux Tribe. The district court had held that adultery committed by an Indian with another Indian on an Indian reservation was not punishable under the act of March 3, 1887, c. 397,

neg: Uintah and Ouray Indian Reservation their tactics to challenge the boundaries of the reservation and jurisdiction of the tribe over its people in "Indian country." Uintah and Ouray Indian Reservation The Uintah and Ouray Indian Reservation is located in northeastern Utah, United States. It is the homeland of the Ute Indian Tribe, and is the largest of three Indian reservations inhabited by members of the Ute Tribe of Native Americans. It lies in parts of seven counties; in descending order of land area they are: Uintah, Duchesne, Wasatch, Grand, Carbon, Utah, and Emery counties. The total land area is with control of the lands split

neg: Washington v. Confederated Bands and Tribes of the Yakima Indian Nation Washington v. Confederated Bands and Tribes of the Yakima Indian Nation Washington v. Confederated Bands and Tribes of the Yakima Indian Nation, 439 U.S. 463 (1979), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that the State of Washington's imposition of partial jurisdiction over certain actions on an Indian reservation, when not requested by the tribe, was valid under Public Law 280. The Yakama Nation is an Indian tribe with its reservation in southern Washington. The tribe comprises 14 distinct Indian tribes that the U.S. banded together in the 1850s for the purpose of treaty