query: how much did it cost to build the chesapeake bay bridge tunnel

pos: Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel Chesapeake and Delaware Valley, River and Bay without going through the traffic congestion in the Baltimore–Washington Metropolitan Area further west in Maryland and Northern Virginia. The $15 toll is partially offset by some savings of highway tolls in Maryland and Delaware and avoiding often heavy traffic on north-south Interstate 95 (I-95) built in the 1960s and completed in the late 1970s and parallel older United States Route 1 (US-1) from the 1920s. From 1995 to 1999, at an additional cost of almost $200 million, the capacity of the above-water portion of bridges on the facility was increased and widened to

neg: Chesapeake Bay A second, parallel, span was added in 1973. The Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel, connecting Virginia's Eastern Shore with its mainland (at the metropolitan areas of Virginia Beach, Norfolk, Portsmouth, and Chesapeake), is approximately long; it has trestle bridges as well as two stretches of tunnels which allow unimpeded shipping; the bridge is supported by four man-made islands. The Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel was opened for two lanes in 1964 and four lanes in 1999. Tides in the Chesapeake Bay exhibit an interesting and unique behavior due to the nature of the topography (both horizontal and vertical shape), wind driven circulation, and how

neg: Chesapeake Bay Bridge and Tunnel District Chesapeake Bay Bridge and Tunnel District The Chesapeake Bay Bridge and Tunnel District is a political subdivision of the Commonwealth of Virginia. It is overseen by the Chesapeake Bay Bridge and Tunnel Commission, and operates the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel between the Hampton Roads and Eastern Shore regions of the state. The District comprises six cities, Virginia Beach, Norfolk, Portsmouth, Chesapeake, Hampton, Newport News, and the two Eastern Shore counties of Northampton and Accomack. By the early 20th century, the Chesapeake Bay was becoming an increasing transportation obstacle for the growing number of motor vehicles. The Pennsylvania Railroad operated some passenger

neg: Oyster buy-boat as often. The buy-boats might also buy seed oysters, or spat, to be planted in oyster beds. Buy-boats saw their heyday in the first half of the 20th century when most oysters from the Chesapeake Bay were harvested by tongers in small flat bottomed row boats, or dredged by sail powered skipjacks. Interstate highways, bridges and tunnels such as the Chesapeake Bay Bridge, Chesapeake Bay Bridge Tunnel, the Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel, and smaller bridges that span the many tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay were non-existent prior to the 1950s, therefore it was much faster to haul seafood to market by

neg: Chesapeake Bay Bridge and Tunnel District hold" and will not proceed for some time to come. , the Chairman of the Commission is Lucius J. Kellam III. The executive director is Jeffrey B. Holland. Chesapeake Bay Bridge and Tunnel District The Chesapeake Bay Bridge and Tunnel District is a political subdivision of the Commonwealth of Virginia. It is overseen by the Chesapeake Bay Bridge and Tunnel Commission, and operates the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel between the Hampton Roads and Eastern Shore regions of the state. The District comprises six cities, Virginia Beach, Norfolk, Portsmouth, Chesapeake, Hampton, Newport News, and the two Eastern Shore counties of Northampton and

neg: Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel under the severe conditions imposed by nor'easters, hurricanes, and the unpredictable Atlantic Ocean. During the Ash Wednesday Storm of 1962, much of the partially completed work and a major piece of custom-built equipment, a pile driver barge called "The Big D", were destroyed. Seven workers were killed at various times during the construction. In April 1964, 42 months after construction began, the Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel opened to traffic and the ferry service discontinued. The Ferry Commission and transportation district it oversees, created in 1954, were later renamed for the revised mission of building and operating the Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel. The

neg: Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel for inspections before reopening. The most recent example of this was the September 2011 barge strike, which closed the bridge-tunnel for less than four hours. Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel The Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel (CBBT) is a bridge–tunnel crossing at the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay, the Hampton Roads harbor, and nearby mouths of the James and Elizabeth Rivers in the American state of Virginia. It connects Northampton County on the Delmarva Peninsula and Eastern Shore with Virginia Beach, Norfolk, Chesapeake, and Portsmouth on the Western Shore and South side / Tidewater which are part of the Hampton Roads metropolitan area of

neg: Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel The Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel (CBBT) is a bridge–tunnel crossing at the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay, the Hampton Roads harbor, and nearby mouths of the James and Elizabeth Rivers in the American state of Virginia. It connects Northampton County on the Delmarva Peninsula and Eastern Shore with Virginia Beach, Norfolk, Chesapeake, and Portsmouth on the Western Shore and South side / Tidewater which are part of the Hampton Roads metropolitan area of eight close cities around the harbor's shores and peninsula. The Bridge-Tunnel originally combined of trestle, two 1-mile-long (1.6 km) tunnels, four artificial islands, four high-level

neg: Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel four lanes. An upgrade of the two-lane tunnels is currently underway. The crossing was officially named the Lucius J. Kellam Jr. Bridge–Tunnel in August 1987, 23 years after opening, honoring one of the civic leaders who had long worked for its development, construction and operation; it continues however to be best known as the Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel. The complex was built by and is operated by the Chesapeake Bay Bridge and Tunnel District, a political subdivision of the Commonwealth of Virginia governed by the Chesapeake Bay Bridge and Tunnel Commission and in cooperation with the state Department of Transportation. Costs

neg: Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel bridges, approximately of causeway, and of northeast and southwest approach roads—crossing the Chesapeake Bay and preserving traffic on the Thimble Shoals and Chesapeake dredged shipping channels leading to the Atlantic. It replaced vehicle ferry services that operated from South Hampton Roads and from the Virginia Peninsula since the 1930s. Financed by toll revenue bonds, the Bridge–Tunnel was opened on April 15, 1964, and remains one of only ten bridge–tunnel systems in the world, three of which are located in the water dominated Hampton Roads area of Tidewater Virginia. As of May 2018 the Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel has been crossed by

neg: U.S. Route 13 in Virginia diamond interchange with US 60, where it turns to the north and narrows to four lanes, passing between residential neighborhoods. A short distance past the US 60 interchange, US 13 comes to a northbound toll plaza for the Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel. From here, the route heads onto the Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel, a bridge–tunnel complex that carries US 13 across the Chesapeake Bay. The road leaves the mainland of Virginia Beach and heads over the bay on a pair of low-level trestle bridges, with one bridge carrying two lanes of northbound traffic and the other bridge carrying two lanes of southbound

neg: Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel one-way trips each day, the lengthy crossing suffered delays due to heavy traffic and inclement weather. In 1954, the General Assembly of Virginia (state legislature) created a political subdivision, the Chesapeake Bay Ferry District and its governing body, the Chesapeake Bay Ferry Commission. The Commission was authorized to acquire the private ferry corporation through bond financing, to improve the existing V.F.C. ferry service. Once the Bridge–Tunnel was built by 1964, much of the ferry equipment and vessels used by the Little Creek-Cape Charles Ferry V.F.C. service was then sold and moved north to be redeployed to start the Cape May–Lewes

neg: Chesapeake Bay Bridge and Tunnel District Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel was completed, using bridges on each end, and a tunnel under the shipping channel. It was necessary to build artificial islands to anchor the ends of the tunnel, and it was costly to construct, but the design met all the various requirements. In the late 1950s, an engineering feasibility study of using a combination of bridges and tunnels was performed under the direction of civil engineer Leif J. Sverdrup and his company. Ultimately, a 23 mile-long project, with 17.4 miles of bridge and tunnel construction, was planned. The names of the District and Commission were changed to

neg: Transportation in Virginia Winchester area, and State Route 199 in the Williamsburg and Historic Triangle area. The Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel is a toll facility that links the region with Virginia's Eastern Shore, which carries US 13. Completed in 1964, at over , it is the longest bridge-tunnel in the world. In the Hampton Roads area, there are three bridge-tunnel complexes known as the Hampton Roads Bridge–Tunnel, the Monitor–Merrimac Memorial Bridge–Tunnel, and the Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel. Two tunnels and numerous bridges span portions of the Elizabeth River. The James River Bridge, opened in 1928, and rebuilt in the 1970s, spans the James River near

neg: Tunnel Tunnel), aesthetic reasons (preserving the above-ground view, landscape, and scenery), and also for weight capacity reasons (it may be more feasible to build a tunnel than a sufficiently strong bridge). Some water crossings are a mixture of bridges and tunnels, such as the Denmark to Sweden link and the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel in Virginia. There are particular hazards with tunnels, especially from vehicle fires when combustion gases can asphyxiate users, as happened at the Gotthard Road Tunnel in Switzerland in 2001. One of the worst railway disasters ever, the Balvano train disaster, was caused by a train stalling in the

neg: Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel from New York City to Philadelphia. The Chesapeake Bay Bridge Tunnel has suffered three major ship accidents which caused the bridge tunnel system to be closed. The first accident occurred in December 1967 when the Mohawk, a coal barge, broke anchor and struck the bridge, closing it for two weeks for repair. On January 21, 1970 the USS Yancey (AKA-93), a United States Navy attack cargo ship carrying 250 people, was at anchor near the bridge tunnel. During a gale with winds gusting in excess of , the Yancey dragged her anchors and hit the bridge stern first, knocking out

neg: Bridge–tunnel Bridge–Tunnel, both of which cross the harbor at Hampton Roads, and the Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel, a long structure (including approach highways) that crosses the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay with a combination of bridges and tunnels across two widely separated shipping channels, using four artificial islands built in the bay as portals. Tunnels had to be used instead of drawbridges because the waterways they cross are critical to military naval operations (Naval Station Norfolk is nearby, and Chesapeake Bay provides access to the Potomac River and thus to Washington, DC) and could not afford to be blocked off by a

neg: Delmarva Peninsula owned and administered by the Chesapeake Bay Bridge and Tunnel District. The Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel currently has a $13.00 (US) toll for single private vehicles ($5.00 for return within 24 hours) and is patrolled by the Chesapeake Bay Bridge Tunnel Police Department. At various times in history, residents of the Delmarva Peninsula have proposed that its Maryland and Virginia portions secede from their respective states, merging with Kent County and Sussex County, Delaware, to create the state of Delmarva. A Delmarva State Party with this aim was founded in 1992. Its combined population would be about 750,000, roughly that of

neg: Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel five years. Since servicing the bridge takes about five years, the work never stops. The Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel is one of only two automobile transportation facilities in Virginia that employs its own police department (the other is the Richmond Metropolitan Authority Toll Road Police). By original charter from the Commonwealth, it has authority to enforce the laws of Virginia. Emergency call boxes are spaced every half-mile (.8 km) along the bridge. The toll schedule, weather advisories, and other information are available at the official website for the bridge. The CBBT promotes the bridge–tunnel as not only a transportation facility to

neg: Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge cost $73.5 million. However, by then, La Guardia had turned against the tunnel, saying that "it is not my time" to construct the tunnel. The cancellation of plans for the Narrows tunnel brought a resurgence of proposals for a bridge across the Narrows. In September 1947, Robert Moses, the chairman of the Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority (TBTA), announced that the city was going to ask the War Department for permission to build a bridge across the Narrows. Moses had previously created a feasibility study for a Narrows tunnel, finding that it would be much cheaper to build a bridge.

neg: Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel are recovered through toll collections. In 2002, a Joint Legislative Audit and Review Commission (JLARC) study commissioned by the Virginia General Assembly concluded that "given the inability of the state to fund future capital requirements of the CBBT, the District and Commission should be retained to operate and maintain the Bridge–Tunnel as a toll facility in perpetuity." Occasionally because of similar names, the Bridge-Tunnel is often confused with the Chesapeake Bay Bridge (also known as the Governor William Preston Lane, Jr. Memorial Bridge) further north in Maryland crossing the middle portion of the Bay from Annapolis to Kent Island on

neg: Chesapeake Bay Bridge and Tunnel District to the risk of blocking access to the U.S. Navy's extensive facilities in Hampton Roads. The shortest possible crossing would be approximately 15 miles, far too long for a tunnel such as the Downtown Tunnel across the Elizabeth River which was completed in 1952. Responding to the problem, in 1954, the Virginia General Assembly created the Chesapeake Bay Ferry District and the Chesapeake Bay Ferry Commission to oversee it. The agency set about the matters of improving bay ferry service and exploring the possibilities of building a fixed crossing. Toll revenue bonds were sold and most of the funds used

neg: 2005 Chesapeake Bay crossing study 2005 Chesapeake Bay crossing study The 2005 Chesapeake Bay crossing study (also known as the Task Force on Traffic Capacity Across the Chesapeake Bay) was a study conducted by the state of Maryland in 2005 in order to explore the possibility of building a new crossing of the Chesapeake Bay. The crossing would either be an entirely new crossing that would complement the existing Chesapeake Bay Bridge and Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel in Virginia or would be an upgrade to the current Maryland crossing (by adding a third span). Since 2000, traffic congestion has become an increasing problem for the Chesapeake

neg: U.S. Route 60 in Virginia easterly direction to reach the Fall Line at Richmond, where they again become very close. From Richmond east to the harbor area near the mouth of Hampton Roads, US 60 again essentially parallels I-64 through Williamsburg and the Historic Triangle region, extending down the Virginia Peninsula east to the Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel. A few miles south of the bridge-tunnel, in Norfolk, US 60 diverges to follow the south shoreline of the Chesapeake Bay through Ocean View and past the south entrance to the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel to reach Cape Henry. There it curves south to run along the Atlantic Ocean

neg: Transportation in Hampton Roads without an adequate source of funding to repair or build replacements. The now-closed Kings Highway Bridge in Suffolk and the Jordan Bridge in neighboring Chesapeake, each built in the 1920s, are considered locally prime examples of this situation. Public opinion polls seem to indicate that many citizens feel the accomplishments with the historic bridge-tunnels across the harbor and nearby Chesapeake Bay and the many other improvements since, such as the completion of the Hampton Roads Beltway and a third bridge-tunnel (second across the harbor) in 1992 are indicative that the region's leaders will be capable of seeking and employing new

neg: Delmarva Peninsula Virginia, was in existence by 1913—but general use of the term did not occur until the 1920s. The northern isthmus of the peninsula is transected by the sea-level Chesapeake and Delaware Canal. Several bridges cross the canal, and the Chesapeake Bay Bridge and the Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel join the peninsula to mainland Maryland and Virginia, respectively. Another point of access is Lewes, Delaware, reachable by the Cape May–Lewes Ferry from Cape May, New Jersey. Dover, Delaware's capital city, is the peninsula's largest city by population, but the main commercial area is Salisbury, Maryland, near its center. Including all offshore islands

neg: Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel not replaced, and the pier will reopen to the public at the end of the project in 2022. Among the key features of the Chesapeake Bay Bridge Tunnel are two tunnels beneath the Thimble Shoals and Chesapeake navigation channels and two pairs of side-by-side high-level bridges over two other navigation channels: North Channel Bridge ( clearance) and Fisherman Inlet Bridge ( clearance). The remaining portion comprises of low-level trestle, of causeway, and four man-made islands. The CBBT is long from shore to shore, crossing what is essentially an ocean strait. Including land-approach highways, the overall facility is long ( from

neg: Hampton Roads into support for the Hampton public school system. In 1957, the Hampton Roads Bridge–Tunnel was the first bridge–tunnel complex in the world, to be followed by the area's much longer Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel in 1963. This was followed by the Monitor–Merrimac Memorial Bridge–Tunnel in 1992. The military has a large presence in the region. Area military facilities (alphabetically) include: The area consists of ten independent cities and seven counties. Each independent city has the powers and responsibilities of a county, including maintaining roads, courts, schools, and public safety. Some cities share these responsibilities with an adjoining county. Incorporated towns located

neg: U.S. Route 13 in Virginia the Chesapeake Bay on the Fisherman Inlet Bridges, a pair of high-level bridges over a shipping channel that carry two lanes in each direction. After this, the route heads onto the mainland of Northampton County and passes a scenic overlook next to the southbound lanes before coming to a southbound toll plaza for the Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel and a rest area and welcome center next to the northbound lanes that is accessible from both directions. From here, US 13 leaves the Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel and heads through Northampton County, which is in the Eastern Shore region of the state on

neg: U.S. Route 13 in Virginia the current State Route 34 was designated in the late 1940s. Before the Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel, US 13 continued across the Chesapeake Bay using a ferry. U.S. Route 13 in Virginia U.S. Route 13 (US 13) is a north–south U.S. highway established in 1926 that runs for from Interstate 95 just north of Fayetteville, North Carolina to U.S. Route 1 in Falls Township, Pennsylvania, a northeastern suburb of Philadelphia. In the U.S. state of Virginia, US 13 runs north–south through the Hampton Roads and Eastern Shore regions of the state, using the Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel to get between the two.

neg: 2005 Chesapeake Bay crossing study crossing and comparable to the length of the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel. The southern crossing, between Calvert and Dorchester Counties, would provide the most direct connection between Ocean City and the Western Shore. It has met with much opposition, however, due to environmental concerns that the approach roads on the Eastern Shore would be built on marshland. In addition, it would divert less traffic than the other crossings and, like the Zone 3 crossing, it would require the construction of small bridges on the Eastern Shore side. The total lengths of these bridges could be greater than the length of the

neg: Eastern Shore of Virginia Eastern Shore during the late 19th and early 20th century as "a highly complex and interdependent landscape". He continues: It was a liminal place, a zone of interpenetration, where the settlement patterns, speech, demography, and political outcomes defined its place in the South but its engagement with technology and rapid transformation of the landscape betrayed other allegiances, motives, forces, and effects. The Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel, which is part of U.S. Route 13, spans the mouth of the Bay and connects the Eastern Shore to South Hampton Roads and the rest of Virginia. Before the Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel was built in

neg: Gordon Wu Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge project was given support by the PRC government in August 2003. The bridge will span two man-made islands, allowing it to go through an undersea tunnel and let shipping pass. The concept is based on the existing Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel in Virginia, United States. Since the 1980s, Wu has steered Hopewell Holdings towards developing his vision of creating an advanced transport system for China's manufacturing powerhouse in the Pearl River Delta, which includes much of Guangdong province and makes use of its proximity to Hong Kong to access professional services and logistics. Wu has predicted that commercial development

neg: U.S. Route 13 main thoroughfare for the Delmarva Peninsula and carrying the Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel to it in Virginia. US 13's original plan in 1926 had the route serve no further south than the Delmarva Peninsula. However, it has been extended many times, connecting to the mainland via ferry service and eventually reaching North Carolina. This link across the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay became fixed in 1964 with a bridge-tunnel. The entire route on the Delmarva Peninsula save a few sections in Accomack County, Virginia have been dualized fully with four lanes, and further upgrades continue, such as a freeway section around

neg: 1964 Chesapeake Bay crossing study 1964 Chesapeake Bay crossing study The 1964 Chesapeake Bay crossing study was a study conducted by the state of Maryland in 1964 to explore the possibility of building another bridge across the Chesapeake Bay in addition to the existing Chesapeake Bay Bridge. Three bridges were proposed as part of the study: a northern crossing between Baltimore and Kent Counties, a parallel span built next to the existing bridge, and a southern crossing between Calvert and Dorchester Counties. The crossings were authorized by the Maryland General Assembly in 1967 and the parallel span was completed in 1973. Proposals to build the

neg: History of Hampton Roads where independence from Great Britain was won. The three points were joined by the U.S. National Park Service's Colonial Parkway, a remarkable accomplishment built over a period of 27 years. The Historic Triangle area of the Hampton Roads region became one of the largest tourist attractions in the entire world. In Dr. Goodwin's words: "Williamsburg is Jamestown continued, and Yorktown is Williamsburg vindicated." In 1957, the Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel was the first bridge-tunnel complex in the world, to be followed by the area's much longer Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel in 1963. In the 1960s, the first astronauts of Project Mercury trained

neg: Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel bridging the Thimble Shoals Channel because a bridge collapse (possibly by sabotage) could cut Naval Station Norfolk off from the Atlantic Ocean. Maryland officials expressed similar concerns about the Chesapeake Channel and the Port of Baltimore. To address these concerns, the engineers recommended a series of bridges and tunnels known as a bridge–tunnel, similar in design to the Hampton Roads Bridge–Tunnel, which had been completed in 1957, but a considerably longer and larger facility. The tunnel portions, anchored by four man-made islands of approximately each, would be extended under the two main shipping channels. The CBBT was designed by the

neg: Ocean Highway routing to the north through Virginia after passing the eastern edge of the Dismal Swamp offered a choice. A westerly track followed U.S. Route 17, passing through Portsmouth and crossing the James River Bridge and the George P. Coleman Memorial Bridge to travel northerly to the west of the Chesapeake Bay, while an eastern alternative used U.S. Route 13 to pass through Norfolk and crossed the Chesapeake Bay via the Little Creek Ferry (replaced by the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel in 1964) to reach Virginia's Eastern Shore, and move north up the Delmarva Peninsula to Maryland and Delaware. After 1964, the

neg: Lesner Bridge bridge. Lesner Bridge The Lesner Bridge in Virginia Beach, Virginia connects the bay area to the Virginia Beach shore via Shore Drive (U.S. Route 60) — crossing the Lynnhaven Inlet at the mouth the Chesapeake Bay. The bridge lies approximately three miles from the southern terminus of the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel. The first bridge in the same location, a draw-bridge, had been constructed in 1928, replaced in 1958 by what are now the eastbound lanes of a dual span. Westbound lanes were constructed as a parallel span in 1967. The Lesner Bridge was named after John A. Lesner, a Democratic

neg: J. Clyde Morris News, which had become separate from the county after development of the coal piers and the eastern terminus of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway and the massive facilities of the Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company by developer and industrialist Collis P. Huntington. Morris next undertook leadership of the entities which funded, built and operate the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel, completed in 1964. He was the first executive director of the Chesapeake Bay Bridge and Tunnel District. He was also a member of the Hampton Roads Sanitation District Commission for 32 years. In Newport News, a stretch of U.S. Route

neg: Lesner Bridge Lesner Bridge The Lesner Bridge in Virginia Beach, Virginia connects the bay area to the Virginia Beach shore via Shore Drive (U.S. Route 60) — crossing the Lynnhaven Inlet at the mouth the Chesapeake Bay. The bridge lies approximately three miles from the southern terminus of the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel. The first bridge in the same location, a draw-bridge, had been constructed in 1928, replaced in 1958 by what are now the eastbound lanes of a dual span. Westbound lanes were constructed as a parallel span in 1967. The Lesner Bridge was named after John A. Lesner, a Democratic Virginia

neg: Virginia Beach, Virginia Robertson's Christian Broadcasting Network (CBN), Edgar Cayce's Association for Research and Enlightenment, and numerous historic sites. Near the point where the Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic Ocean meet, Cape Henry was the site of the first landing of the English colonists, who eventually settled in Jamestown, on April 26, 1607. The city is listed in the "Guinness Book of Records" as having the longest pleasure beach in the world. It is located at the southern end of the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel, the longest bridge-tunnel complex in the world. The Chesepian were the historic indigenous people of the area now known

neg: Chesapeake Bay Bridge from Sandy Point (near Annapolis) to Kent Island and in Virginia by the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel connecting Virginia Beach to Cape Charles. Known for both its beauty and bounty, the Bay has become "emptier", with fewer crabs, oysters and watermen in past years. Recent restoration efforts begun in the 1990s have been ongoing and show potential for growth of the native oyster population. The health of the Chesapeake Bay improved in 2015, marking three years of gains over the past four years, according to a new report by the University of Maryland. The word "Chesepiooc" is an Algonquian word

neg: Hampton Roads Bridge–Tunnel span opened in 1976, and, much later, SR 168 was truncated south of the crossing Part of the design features of the HRBT involved the use of man-made islands for the tunnel portals at the place where Hampton Roads flows into the Chesapeake Bay. The Hampton Roads Bridge–Tunnel south portal island connects to about of land that is the site of Fort Wool, a fort during the American Civil War, World War I and World War II, and a public park since 1970. Fort Wool is on a man-made island known as Rip Raps, created in 1818. There is a

neg: Chesapeake Bay Bridge and Tunnel District to purchase the Virginia Ferry Corporation, a public service company which was the operator of the Little Creek Ferry Service. A portion of the funds were designated for a study of a fixed crossing. A bridge across the Bay was unacceptable to the Navy, and a long tunnel was also considered infeasible. The answer, however, lay close at hand. A similar situation had earlier confronted the crossing of Hampton Roads between Old Point Comfort and South Hampton Roads, and a solution found in a combination of bridge and tunnel which came to be known as a bridge-tunnel. In 1957, the

neg: Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel engineering firm Sverdrup & Parcel of St. Louis, Missouri. In mid-1960, the Chesapeake Bay Ferry Commission sold $200 million in toll revenue bonds to private investors, and the proceeds were used to finance the construction of the bridge–tunnel. Funds collected by future tolls were pledged to pay the principal and interest on the bonds. No local, state, or federal tax funds were used in the construction of the project. Construction contracts were awarded to a consortium of Tidewater Construction Corporation and Merritt-Chapman & Scott Corporation. The steel superstructure for the high-level bridges near the north end of the crossing were

neg: Chesapeake Beach, Virginia side of this community, merging longer stretches of undeveloped, protected beaches which harbor dolphin and other marine life. Also famous in this little stretch was the "Pleasure House" ... where the partiers of olden days gathered for gossiping, gambling and whatever. This is also where the longest bay-bridge connects to the Eastern Shore, across the Chesapeake Bay (Chesapeake Bay-Bridge Tunnel). The residents of this community enjoy less public traffic due to restricted parking and relatively less renowned than other area beaches. The favorite activities of these neighborhoods include boating the four lakes winding through the area, jet skiing, kayaking, stand

neg: Strait of Georgia idea was to cross Seymour Narrows (which is farther north than the end of the Strait of Georgia) at Menzies Bay with a rail bridge for the then-proposed Canadian Pacific Railway to link Victoria, via Bute Inlet and the Yellowhead Pass, with the rest of Canada. Later proposals have focussed on bridging the Strait of Georgia itself, which is much wider than Seymour Narrows. A proposed modern road bridge connecting Greater Vancouver to Vancouver Island in the manner of the Chesapeake Bay Bridge Tunnel, has been discussed for decades, ever since the commencement of service by BC Ferries. Some crossing

neg: Bjorøy Tunnel to Søre Snekkevik on Litlesotra; a tunnel under Vatlestraumen to Håkonshella; or a bridge over Vatlestraumen to Håkonshella or Kongshaug. At the time, a bridge to Litlesotra was estimated to cost , a tunnel was estimated to cost , while a bridge over Vatlestraumen was estimated to cost . All three included a road connection to Tyssøy, with the bridge proposals costing for the Tyssøy connection, and the tunnel having a cost of , in part because the earthworks volume from the tunnel could be used to build a mole with a short bridge. Seismology tests were done in August

neg: Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel a segment of trestle. There were no vehicles on the bridge at the time of the impact, and no one was injured during the incident. During the 42 days it took to replace the damaged span the Navy offered a free shuttle service for commuters using helicopters and LCUs. In 1972, the bridge was again impacted by a barge which had broken loose, again closing the bridge-tunnel for two weeks while the span was repaired. The bridge-tunnel is frequently impacted by barges moving through the highly trafficked area; most incidents cause no damage and require a closure of the system

neg: Leif J. Sverdrup & Parcel, but with much less personal involvement than before, as Grant was now running the company, which was incorporated in 1946. That year it was awarded the contract for a complex of wind tunnels at the Arnold Engineering Development Center, with a fee in excess of $1 million. Sverdrup & Parcel continued, becoming Sverdrup Civil, and more recently Jacobs Sverdrup, a portion of one of the world's largest civil engineering groups. In the 1960s, Sverdrup Civil oversaw the successful design and construction of the additional "parallel trestles" of the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel (CBBT), doubling the non-tunnel sections, adding the

neg: Chesapeake Bay Bridge crossing. The task force concluded that a bridge would be the best option for an additional crossing, and four geographic locations for such a bridge were explored: Baltimore County to Kent County, Anne Arundel County to Queen Anne's County (the existing location), Anne Arundel or Calvert County to Talbot County, and Calvert County to Dorchester County. In late 2006, the task force released a report on the study but did not make a final recommendation; members of the task force requested additional time to continue the study. Chesapeake Bay Bridge The Chesapeake Bay Bridge (known locally as the "Bay Bridge")

neg: Delmarva Peninsula Salisbury, Maryland, and Dover Air Force Base to the southeast of Dover, Delaware. Major north-south highways include U.S. 9, U.S. 13, U.S. 50 and U.S. 301. Highways U.S. 50 and U.S. 301 run over the Chesapeake Bay Bridge on the western side of the peninsula. U.S. 13 at the southern limit of the peninsula connects through the Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel to the main part of Virginia. Until 1965, the Pennsylvania Railroad provided service to the peninsula. It ran the "Del-Mar-Va Express" day train from New York City, through Wilmington, Dover, Delmar, Salisbury, and Pocomoke City to the Cape Charles, Virginia

neg: Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel twice in the past); partially for this reason, the parallel trestles are not located immediately adjacent to each other, reducing the chance that both would be damaged during a single incident. Construction is currently underway to add a second tunnel beside the existing tunnel located on the southern end (Thimble Shoals). The Tunnel Boring Machine is expected to be delivered to the site in 2018. After boring the machine will also be adding the circular concrete segments which will be delivered into the tunnel via mine cars one at a time. At the northern end, a parallel Chesapeake Channel Tunnel

neg: Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel CBBT district is a public agency and it is a legal subdivision of the Commonwealth of Virginia. The bridge–tunnel is supported financially by the tolls collected from the motorists who use the facility. Eastern Shore native, businessman, and civic leader Lucius J. Kellam Jr. (1911–1995) was the original Commission's first chairman. In a commentary at the time of his death in 1995, the Norfolk-based "Virginian-Pilot" newspaper recalled that Kellam had been involved in bringing the multimillion-dollar bridge–tunnel project from dream to reality. Before it was built, Kellam handled a political fight over the location, and addressed concerns of the U.S.

neg: Robert Moses transferred to the federal government. Moses now had no other option for a trans-river crossing than to build a tunnel. He commissioned the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel (now officially the Hugh L. Carey Tunnel), a tunnel connecting Brooklyn to Lower Manhattan. A 1941 publication from the Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority claimed that the government had forced them to build a tunnel at "twice the cost, twice the operating fees, twice the difficulty to engineer, and half the traffic," although engineering studies did not support these conclusions, and a tunnel may have held many of the advantages Moses publicly tried to attach

neg: Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel without trailers. All other vehicles are charged based on size and purpose and are not subject to the return-trip discount. All tolls must be paid either in cash, debit/credit card, by scrip tickets issued by the CBBT, or via E-ZPass electronic toll collection. The bridge–tunnel began accepting Smart Tag/E-ZPass payments on November 1, 2007. All toll lanes including E-ZPass-only lanes are gated for safety concerns and to turn around inadmissible vehicles. For example: The bridge–tunnel management prohibits bicycles but offers a shuttle van for $15. Cyclists must call ahead. It is mandatory that the bridge be checked and serviced every

neg: Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel Ferry across the mouth of the Delaware Bay between Cape May, in New Jersey and Lewes across in Delaware. It still serves transit needs, but the number of pleasure trip passengers increased as the coastal beach resorts developed and grew crowded with vacationers in the next decades, partly due to the improved swifter transportation with highway, bridge, and tunnel access in the region of three states. In 1956, the General Assembly authorized the Ferry Commission to conduct feasibility studies for the construction of a fixed crossing. The conclusion of the study indicated that a vehicular crossing was feasible. Consideration was

neg: Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel on their investment." An icon of eastern Virginia politics, Kellam remained chairman and champion of the CBBT throughout the hard times, and the bondholders were eventually paid as toll revenues caught up with expenses. He continued to serve until he was over 80 years old, finally retiring in 1993. He had held the post for 39 years. The facility was renamed in his honor in 1987, over 20 years after it was first opened to traffic. At a cost of $197 million, new parallel two-lane trestles were built both to alleviate traffic and for safety reasons. Immediately after completion of

neg: Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel fabricated by the American Bridge Division of United States Steel Corporation. Construction of the bridge–tunnel began in October 1960 after a six-month process of assembling necessary equipment from worldwide sources. The tunnels were constructed using the technique refined by Ole Singstad with the Baltimore Harbor Tunnel, whereby a large ditch was first dug for each tunnel, into which was lowered pre-fabricated tunnel sections cable-suspended from overhead barges. Interior chambers were filled with water to lower the sections, the sections then aligned, bolted together by divers, the water pumped out, and the tunnels finally covered with earth. The construction was accomplished

neg: Chesapeake Bay thereafter naming the entrance to New York Bay as the "Verrazzano Narrows", including now in the 20th century, a suspension bridge also named for him) sailed past the Chesapeake, but did not enter the Bay. Spanish explorer Lucas Vásquez de Ayllón sent an expedition out from Hispaniola in 1525 which reached the mouths of the Chesapeake and Delaware Bays. It may have been the first European expedition to explore parts of the Chesapeake Bay, which the Spaniards called "Bahía de Santa María" ("Bay of St. Mary") or "Bahía de Madre de Dios."("Bay of the Mother of God") De Ayllón established

neg: Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel given to service between the Eastern Shore and both the Peninsula and South Hampton Roads. Eventually, the shortest route, extending between the Eastern Shore and a point in Princess Anne County at Chesapeake Beach (east of Little Creek, west of Lynnhaven Inlet), was selected. An option to also provide a fixed crossing link to Hampton and the Peninsula was not pursued. The selected route crossed two Atlantic shipping channels: the Thimble Shoals Channel to Hampton Roads and the Chesapeake Channel to the northern Chesapeake Bay. High-level bridges were initially considered for traversing these channels. The United States Navy objected to

neg: Chesapeake Beach, Virginia up paddleboarding, walking the beach and sailing on the Bay, and the kids engage hours of skateboarding, skimboarding and creating sand-castles. Chesapeake Beach, Virginia Chesapeake Beach, also known as Chic's Beach or Chick's Beach is a stretch of beaches running about two miles from the Lynnhaven Inlet to just west of the Chesapeake Bay Bridge Tunnel in Virginia Beach, Virginia, United States. What originated as a lookout post during war, the beaches eventually turned to more recreational activities. The area developed in the early 1900s as a beachfront residential community. Chic's was a place where you could pick up limeade

neg: Hampton Roads Hill near the northeastern edge of the Great Dismal Swamp. Other major east-west routes are U.S. Route 58, U.S. Route 60, and U.S. Route 460. The major north-south routes are U.S. Route 13 and U.S. Route 17. There are also two other tunnels in the area, the Midtown Tunnel, and the Downtown Tunnel joining Portsmouth and Norfolk, as well as the -long Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel, a toll facility which links the region with Virginia's Eastern Shore which carries US 13. The original Downtown Tunnel in conjunction with the Berkley Bridge were considered a single bridge and tunnel complex when completed

neg: Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel the Maryland Eastern Shore of Delmarva. It was built with two lanes and a higher suspension segment in the middle from 1949 - 1952, with a second parallel wider span of three lanes in 1973. It is one of the longest and highest bridges in the world. In December 1606, the Virginia Company of London sent an expedition to North America to establish a settlement in the Colony of Virginia. After sailing across the Atlantic Ocean from England, they reached the New World at the southern edge of the mouth of what is now known as the Chesapeake Bay. They

neg: Jiaozhou Bay Bridge world's largest number of oversea bored concrete piles. The bridge was the idea of a local official in the Chinese Communist Party who was subsequently dismissed for corruption. It was designed by the Shandong Gaosu Group. It took four years to build, and employed at least 10,000 people. It opened on 30 June 2011 for traffic. The Qingdao Jiaozhou Bay tunnel opened on the same day as the bridge. It transects Jiaozhou Bay, also connecting Huangdao District and the city of Qingdao, between the narrow mouth of the bay, which is wide. The tunnel travels underground for . Concerns regarding

neg: U.S. Route 13 north to the Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel, which the route uses to continue across the Chesapeake Bay to the Eastern Shore of Virginia. Here, US 13 is the main north–south route of the region, and connects to most cities and towns with four more business routes forming loops off the highway. North of New Church, US 13 crosses the state border into Maryland. US 13 passes through the lower Eastern Shore region of Maryland. It runs through Pocomoke City in Worcester County, where it meets the southern terminus of U.S. Route 113. It continues north into Somerset County, where it passes

neg: Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel tourist destinations to the north and south, but as a destination itself. For travelers headed elsewhere, the bridge–tunnel can save more than of driving for those headed between Ocean City, Maryland, Rehoboth Beach, Fenwick Island, and Wilmington, Delaware (and areas north) and the Virginia Beach area or the Outer Banks of North Carolina, according to the CBBT district. Unlike the Interstate highways that travelers would avoid by taking the bridge–tunnel, the roads in the shortcut have traffic lights. On the Delmarva peninsula to the north of the bridge, travelers may visit nearby Kiptopeke State Park, Eastern Shore National Wildlife Refuge,

neg: Chesapeake Bay can be seen in the tidal predictions published by the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) (see figure at right). At the Chesapeake Bay Bridge Tunnel (CBBT) site, which lies at the southernmost point of the Bay where it meets the Atlantic Ocean near Norfolk, Virginia, and the capes of Charles and Henry, there is a distinct semi-diurnal tide throughout the lunar month, with small amplitude modulations during spring (new/full moon) vs. neap (one/three quarter moon) tidal periods. The main forcing of the CBBT tides are typical, semi-diurnal ocean tides that the East Coast of the United States experiences. Baltimore,

neg: Fisherman Island (Virginia) Fisherman Island (Virginia) Fisherman Island is the southernmost island on the Delmarva Peninsula chain of barrier islands. Located at the entrance to the Chesapeake Bay, the island is subject to great changes in its landscape from waves and runoff. It first formed about 200 to 250 years ago. Fisherman Island National Wildlife Refuge is located within the United States Fish and Wildlife Service's Eastern Shore of Virginia National Wildlife Refuge, and is cut in half by the presence of U.S. Highway 13 and the Chesapeake Bay Bridge Tunnel. The refuge is closed to the public. The island is the habitat

neg: Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel to and building a large bridge over the Gowanus Canal, south of the proposed tunnel's entrance. In May 1930, the Terminal Bridge Corporation petitioned the New York City Board of Estimate for permission to build and operate a tunnel under the East River. In November of that year, the Board of Estimate referred the Brooklyn-Manhattan tunnel plan to the New York City Board of Transportation, who was tasked with surveying the site of the tunnel. At the time, the tunnel would have cost $75 million, including land acquisition, if it included two 3-lane tunnels. The tunnels itself would have cost

neg: Chesapeake Bay Bridge Chesapeake Bay Bridge The Chesapeake Bay Bridge (known locally as the "Bay Bridge") is a major dual-span bridge in the U.S. state of Maryland. Spanning the Chesapeake Bay, it connects the state's rural Eastern Shore region with the urban Western Shore. The original span, opened in 1952 and with a length of , was the world's longest continuous over-water steel structure; the parallel span was added in 1973. The bridge is officially named the "Gov. William Preston Lane Jr. Memorial Bridge" after William Preston Lane Jr. who, as the 52nd Governor of Maryland, initiated its construction in the late 1940s

neg: Transportation in Virginia notable roads to handle heavy traffic including Military Highway in South Hampton Roads, Mercury Boulevard on the Virginia Peninsula, and State Route 168, which extended from west of Williamsburg to the North Carolina border near the eastern edge of the Great Dismal Swamp, including Tidewater Drive in the Norfolk area. The Richmond-Petersburg Turnpike was built to relieve heavy traffic on US1-301 between those two cities. In 1957, The Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel, first of its kind, was completed, and was soon incorporated into Interstate 64. The Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel completed in 1964 is the longest bridge-tunnel in the world. Interstate highways

neg: Little Creek-Cape Charles Ferry oversight commission were created, initially with the hopes of improving that service. However, the governmental agency was soon authorized to sell toll revenue bonds, acquire the still-operating private Little Creek Ferry and improve existing ferry service. The VFC was sold and its five operating ferries to the Chesapeake Bay Ferry District for $13 million on May 17, 1956. The Virginia Department of Transportation automobile-ferry service from Old Point Comfort across Hampton Roads to Willoughby Spit was replaced on November 1 1957 by the new Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel, which followed the Norfolk-Portsmouth Bridge-Tunnel (1952), and was the second bridge-tunnel in Virginia.

neg: Intercontinental and transoceanic fixed links Island Sound to replace these ferries. The Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel (CBBT) is a 23-mile-long (37 km) fixed link crossing the mouth of the United States' Chesapeake Bay, connecting the Delmarva Peninsula with Virginia Beach, Virginia. It opened in 1964. Ferry services between the US and Cuba and between Cuba and Haiti have been suspended due to the ongoing United States embargo against Cuba. There's only one regular ferry to Havana from a foreign port: Cancún, Mexico. There is a ferry that travels between Mayagüez in Puerto Rico and Santo Domingo in the Dominican Republic. A notable break in the Pan-American

neg: Chesapeake Bay Bridge and Tunnel District multi-million-dollar bridge-tunnel project from dream to reality. Before it was built, Kellam handled a political fight over the location, and addressed concerns of the U.S. Navy about prospective hazards to navigation to and from the Norfolk Navy Base at Sewell's Point. Kellam was also directly involved in the negotiations to finance the ambitious crossing with bonds. According to the newspaper article, "there were not-unfounded fears that (1) storm-driven seas and drifting or off-course vessels could damage, if not destroy, the span and (2) traffic might not be sufficient to service the entire debt in an orderly way. Sure enough, bridge

neg: Virginia State Route 184 Little Creek Ferry at Kiptopeke and later the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel. SR 184 begins at the intersection of Washington Avenue and Pine Street on the northern edge of the street grid in the town of Cape Charles. The state highway heads west as Bay Avenue, immediately turning south to parallel the beach along the Chesapeake Bay. At the southern end of the beach at Cape Charles Harbor, SR 184 turns east onto Mason Avenue and passes through the downtown area, which lies to the north of the former ferry terminal where the Eastern Shore mainline of the inactive Bay Coast

neg: Chesapeake Bay Bridge and Tunnel District reflect the new primary mission. $200 million in toll revenue bonds were sold in August 1960, and construction began the following month. The new bridge-tunnel opened in 1964 as a two lane facility. The Little Creek Ferry service was discontinued, with most ships sold to service a new ferry service across the Delaware Bay at Cape May, New Jersey. Eastern Shore native, businessman, and civic leader Lucius J. Kellam Jr. was the original Commission's first chairman. In a commentary at the time of his death in 1995, the "Virginian-Pilot" newspaper (Norfolk) recalled that Kellam had been involved in bringing the

neg: Chesapeake Bay Bridge and Tunnel District portions of the crossing have occasionally been damaged by vessels, and there was a long period when holders of the riskiest bonds received no interest on their investment." The first executive director of the CBBT was J. Clyde Morris, who had previously served as the Manager of Warwick County, which had become an independent city in 1952 and merged with Newport News in 1958. A stretch of highway in Newport News is named for him. At a cost of $197 million, new parallel two-lane trestles were built both to alleviate traffic and for safety reasons, opening on April 19, 1999.

neg: Chesapeake Beach, Virginia Chesapeake Beach, Virginia Chesapeake Beach, also known as Chic's Beach or Chick's Beach is a stretch of beaches running about two miles from the Lynnhaven Inlet to just west of the Chesapeake Bay Bridge Tunnel in Virginia Beach, Virginia, United States. What originated as a lookout post during war, the beaches eventually turned to more recreational activities. The area developed in the early 1900s as a beachfront residential community. Chic's was a place where you could pick up limeade and an ice cream. Eventually, this site became what is now Buoy 44 Restaurant. The terms Chic's and Chick's Beach have

neg: U.S. Route 60 converge as they pass through the rolling hills of the rocky Piedmont region in an easterly direction to reach the Fall Line at Richmond, where they again become very close. From Richmond east to the harbor area near the mouth of Hampton Roads, US 60 again essentially parallels I-64 through Williamsburg and the Historic Triangle region, extending down the Virginia Peninsula east to the Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel which it shares with I-64. A few miles south of the bridge-tunnel, in Norfolk, US 60 diverges to the east to follow the south shoreline of the Chesapeake Bay through Ocean View and

neg: State highways in Virginia 10,561 (16,996 km) miles of urban streets with the help of state funds. Most towns contract street maintenance to the VDOT, in which case the streets have "T" prefixed numbers. As noted above, two counties in the state maintain their own roads: Arlington County (359 miles - 578 km) and Henric County (1279 miles - 2058 km). Virginia includes 51.12 miles (82.27 km) of toll roads maintained by other entities, typically through public-private partnerships. These are the Boulevard Bridge, Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel, Chesapeake Expressway, Dulles Greenway, and Jordan Bridge. In addition, the U.S. Government maintains 382.99 miles (616.36 km) of

neg: Chesapeake Bay Bridge and Tunnel District need for additional tunnel construction was also questioned by state and local officials, who compared the CBBT's light traffic count to the heavy burdens and congestion on other water-crossings in the Hampton Roads area. The growing funds from increased CBBT tolls in anticipation of the future tunnel expansion were also considered for possible redirection to other projects. In the 2006 General Assembly, legislation was proposed to limit the power of the agency and/or combine its efforts and resources with other area needs. Regardless of the outcome of these proposals, it is likely that the tunnel expansion project will remain "on

neg: Interstate 895 (Maryland) east Baltimore. The financial resources for the project were established in 1947 when the Maryland General Assembly passed an act allowing for the pooling of revenue bonds and toll receipts between the state's toll facilities—the existing Potomac River Bridge and Susquehanna River Bridge, and the upcoming Chesapeake Bay Bridge—to finance the construction of the Patapsco River Crossing. Finally, a 1953 study examined three different routes—Canton-Fairfield, Canton-Fort McHenry, and a Canton-Fort McHenry-Fairfield dual crossing option—and whether the crossing should be a bridge or tunnel. In 1954, the SRC decided to construct a tunnel between Canton and Fairfield, with three approach highways:

neg: U.S. Route 50 in Maryland station. From here, US 50/US 301 continue southeast and leave the Western Shore by heading onto the Chesapeake Bay Bridge, which soon curves to the east as it passes over the Chesapeake Bay. The bridge is a dual-span crossing with an eastbound suspension and cantilever span and westbound suspension and through arch span, carrying two eastbound lanes and three westbound lanes that can be reversed to allow for two-way traffic on one span by way of crossovers on either side of the bridge. After crossing the Chesapeake Bay on the Chesapeake Bay Bridge, US 50/US 301 head onto the Eastern

neg: U.S. Route 60 in Virginia close to the bay front and crosses US 13 near the southern terminus of the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel. US 60 continues as a 4-lane divided highway as it crosses over Lynnhaven Inlet on the Lesner Bridge and towards the First Landing State Park and Joint Expeditionary Base East at Cape Henry. At the end of the state park, the roadway briefly is called 83rd Street as it curves onto Atlantic Avenue, running parallel to the oceanfront from a few hundred feet to a block or so to the west passing through most of the most developed portion of the Oceanfront

neg: Chesapeake and Ohio Canal not need it. So they took the more expensive decision to build a tunnel through the mountain. The initial cost estimate of $33,500 proved far too low. The tunnel was completed for $616,478.65 Among the components of the project, a kiln was built to provide bricks to line the tunnel. Originally, the company intended to go around Cumberland, behind the town of Wills Creek, but complaints from the citizens and the city caused the board to change their plans, routing the canal through the center of town. The canal was opened for trade to Cumberland on Thursday, October 10, 1850.

neg: Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel gift shop on the island opened in 1964, along with the Sea Gull Pier. Bluefish, trout, croaker, flounder, and other species have been caught from the pier. Since birds use the habitat created by the bridges and islands of the CBBT, birders have travelled to the bridge–tunnel to see them at South Thimble Island and the scenic overlook at the north end. As part of the Thimble Shoal Channel Tunnel twinning, the building housing the restaurant and gift shop closed and access to the pier was prohibited starting at the end of September 2017. The building will be demolished and

neg: Elizabeth River (Virginia) playing their part in restoring wetlands and oyster reefs in one of the largest restoration projects on the Chesapeake Bay. Shipping has always been in competition with land-based transportation for crossings. Both activities are vital to the region. Motor vehicles cross the main portion of the river using the Downtown Tunnel and the Midtown Tunnel. There are many other highway and railroad bridge crossings of the Eastern, Southern, and Western branches of the river of various ages and capacities, often with draw spans. The city of Chesapeake, with crossings of all three branches of the river by both railroads and

neg: SS Princess Anne Nautical Gazette" recorded the event under the headline "The Svelte "Princess Anne" Makes Her Debut", describing her as "ultra-modern". A Universal Newsreel showed her under way. In 1940, the "Keystone Motorist" described her, with the SS "Delmarva", as one of "two of the largest motor transports in the world". The ferry service across the Chesapeake Bay ended after the Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel opened in April 1964. Four of the seven ferries operated by the Virginia Ferry Company were acquired by the Delaware River and Bay Authority, including the "Princess Anne" which was renamed the SS "New Jersey" after which she

neg: Transportation in Hampton Roads Dismal Swamp. Other major east-west routes are U.S. Route 58, U.S. Route 60, and U.S. Route 460. The major north-south routes are U.S. Route 13 and U.S. Route 17. Another major crossing of waterways is the James River Bridge, carrying US 17, US 258, and SR 32 from Newport News to Isle of Wight County. There are also two other tunnels in the area, the Midtown Tunnel, and the Downtown Tunnel joining Portsmouth and Norfolk, as well as the -long Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel, a toll facility which links the region with Virginia's Eastern Shore which carries US 13. The original

neg: Doran Memorial Bridge Bridge to include his son, Patrick, who died in Vietnam on February 18, 1967 while serving in the United States Marine Corps. It won the Medium Span, High Clearance category in the 1970 AISC steel bridges contest. Markers commemorating Eugene A. Doran and the AISC award are at the Crystal Springs Safety Roadside Rest Area off northbound I-280, approximately north of the bridge itself. The Doran Memorial Bridge was featured on the cover of the "1972 Highway Statistics" report published by the Federal Highway Administration with other recently completed major structures, including the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge, the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel, and

neg: Virginia Aquarium to show the forces that shaped Virginia. The Chesapeake Bay Aquarium starts with a touch pool where visitors can touch horseshoe crabs, Forbes’ sea stars, and whelk. The rest of the exhibit showcases species that live in the shallow waters around the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel including hermit crabs, spider crabs, and Hypsoblennius hentz. The Norfolk Canyon aquarium replicates the underwater environment of the Norfolk canyon, a canyon roughly 70 miles off the coast of Virginia. This exhibit is home to Sandbar Shark, Nurse Shark and Sand Tiger Shark as well as fish such as Crevalle Jack, Grey triggerfish and Southern

neg: Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel toll-plaza to toll-plaza) and despite its length, there is only a height difference of from the south to north end of the bridge–tunnel. Man-made islands, each approximately in size, are located at each end of the two tunnels. Between North Channel and Fisherman Inlet, the facility crosses at grade over Fisherman Island, a barrier island which is part of the Eastern Shore of Virginia National Wildlife Refuge administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The columns that support the bridge–tunnel's trestles are called piles. If placed end to end, the piles would stretch for about , roughly the distance

neg: Nassawadox, Virginia Nassawadox, Virginia Nassawadox is a town in Northampton County, Virginia, United States. The town, with an area of , is located on U.S. Route 13 on Virginia's Eastern Shore, approximately five miles south of Exmore and north of the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel. The name derives from a word from a Native American language that means "land between two waters." Nassawadox is bounded on the east by the Atlantic Ocean and on the west by the Chesapeake Bay. The county is divided as is the town into bayside and seaside areas which refers to the land on either side of the

neg: Hurricane Sandy the pier was "half-gone". Due to high winds, the Chesapeake Bay Bridge and the Millard E. Tydings Memorial Bridge on I-95 were closed. During the storm, the Mayor of Salisbury instituted a Civil Emergency and a curfew. Interstate 68 in far western Maryland and northern West Virginia closed due to heavy snow, stranding multiple vehicles and requiring assistance from the National Guard. Workers in Howard County tried to stop a sewage overflow caused by a power outage October 30. Raw sewage spilled at a rate of 2 million gallons per hour. It was unclear how much sewage had flowed into

neg: Viaduct with larger spans, typically lack sufficient horizontal and vertical clearance for large ships. See the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel. The Millau Viaduct is a cable-stayed road-bridge that spans the valley of the river Tarn near Millau in southern France. Designed by the French bridge engineer Michel Virlogeux, in collaboration with architect Norman Robert Foster, it is the tallest vehicular bridge in the world, with one pier's summit at 343 metres (1,125 ft)—slightly taller than the Eiffel Tower and only 38 m (125 ft) shorter than the Empire State Building. It was formally dedicated on 14 December 2004 and opened to traffic

neg: 1964 Chesapeake Bay crossing study other two bridges remained active until the 1970s; however, neither bridge was ever built. 1964 Chesapeake Bay crossing study The 1964 Chesapeake Bay crossing study was a study conducted by the state of Maryland in 1964 to explore the possibility of building another bridge across the Chesapeake Bay in addition to the existing Chesapeake Bay Bridge. Three bridges were proposed as part of the study: a northern crossing between Baltimore and Kent Counties, a parallel span built next to the existing bridge, and a southern crossing between Calvert and Dorchester Counties. The crossings were authorized by the Maryland General Assembly

neg: Joint Expeditionary Base–Little Creek support of the Navy/Marine Corps team. The base remains bisected by a finger of land not part of the base. The land includes Ferry Road, a rail line, and the docks serving former cross-bay rail barge traffic of the defunct Bay Coast Railroad, formerly the Eastern Shore Railroad, to Cape Charles, Virginia. Ferry Road, crossed by the base's "Guam Road-Amphibious Drive bridge", once served the now defunct Little Creek-Cape Charles Ferry which transported passengers and motor vehicles across the mouth of the bay to Cape Charles and Kiptopeke until replacement in 1964 by the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel. See: Ferry Road

neg: Hurricane Ernesto (2006) applied for individual assistance, the federal government denied the request. Due to debris and waste being carried into waterways by flooding from Ernesto, Virginia officials closed the Chesapeake Bay to shellfishing for four days from the Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel to the mouth of the Potomac River. In Richmond, officials condemned 70 homes, prompting city workers to establish temporary homes. By five days after the storm's passage through the state, most of the 600,000 people who experienced power outages had their electricity restored. Dominion Resources's Tidewater Virginia area was among the most affected, requiring 2–3 days to restore all areas. By