query: law related to inter caste marriage in india

pos: Special Marriage Act, 1954 introduced Act III of 1872, which would permit any dissenters to marry whomever they chose under a new civil marriage law. In the final wording, the law sought to legitimize marriages for those willing to renounce their profession of faith altogether ("I do not profess the Hindu, Christian, Jewish, etc. religion"). It can apply in inter-caste and inter-religion marriages. Overall, the response from local governments and administrators was that they were unanimously opposed to Maine’s Bill and believed the legislation encouraged marriages based on lust, which would inevitably lead to immorality. The Special Marriage Act, 1954 replaced the old Act

neg: Inter-caste marriage Court of India has also declared that inter-caste marriages are in the national interest and a unifying factor for the nation and there is no bar in inter-caste or inter-religion marriages in India. There is an increasing trend among users of online matrimony sites in India to declare one's willingness to marry outside their caste. Inter-caste marriage The caste system in India prohibits marriage outside the caste. However, inter-caste marriages have gradually gained acceptance due to increasing education, employment, middle-class economic background, and urbanisation. According to a survey in 2014, about 5% of marriages are inter-caste in India. In India,

neg: Inter-caste marriage Inter-caste marriage The caste system in India prohibits marriage outside the caste. However, inter-caste marriages have gradually gained acceptance due to increasing education, employment, middle-class economic background, and urbanisation. According to a survey in 2014, about 5% of marriages are inter-caste in India. In India, inter-caste marriages were publicly encouraged and supported by politicians such as C. N. Annadurai, former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, and social activists such as Periyar E. V. Ramasamy, Raghupathi Venkataratnam Naidu and Manthena Venkata Raju. In the North Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, the Government offers a cash award for inter-caste couples. The Supreme

neg: Caste system in India time, particularly since the 1970s. They propose education, economic development, mobility and more interaction between youth as possible reasons for these exogamous marriages. A 2003 article in "The Telegraph" claimed that inter-caste marriage and dating were common in urban India. Indian societal and family relationships are changing because of female literacy and education, women at work, urbanisation, the need for two-income families, and global influences through television. Female role models in politics, academia, journalism, business, and India's feminist movement have accelerated the change. Independent India has witnessed caste-related violence. According to a 2005 UN report, approximately 31,440 cases of violent

neg: Marriage law couple (women 18 or older and men 21 or older) from any race, religion, caste, or creed to marry. Inter Religion Court Marriage India is a mainstream nation. One can get marriage independent of his cast, ideology and culture if essential condition are satisfied. Article 21 of the Constitution of India give security to our life and freedom. Many societies have also adopted other restrictions on whom one can marry, such as prohibitions of marrying persons with the same surname, or persons with the same sacred animal. Anthropologists refer to these sorts of restrictions as exogamy. One example is South

neg: Caste system in India in India, and has been thoroughly criticised. Government policies aim at reducing this inequality by reservation, quota for backward classes, but paradoxically also have created an incentive to keep this stratification alive. The Indian government officially recognises historically discriminated communities of India such as the Untouchables under the designation of Scheduled Castes, and certain economically backward castes as Other Backward Class. Leonard and Weller have surveyed marriage and genealogical records to study patterns of exogamous inter-caste and endogamous intra-caste marriages in a regional population of India in 1900–1975. They report a striking presence of exogamous marriages across caste lines over

neg: The Arya Marriage Validation Act, 1937 The Arya Marriage Validation Act, 1937 The Arya Marriage Validation Act, 1937 (Act No. 19 of 1937) is a legislation enacted by the British Government in India during the pre-independence era to recognize inter marriages among Arya Samajis. Arya Samajis, who formed an appreciable number of Indians, believed that the caste system prevailing in British ruled India was not in consonance with the sacred Shastra and scriptures. British rulers, of course, never tried to interfere with the customary marriage laws prevailing among different sects of the society. However, when people from various sects, who opposed the caste system and fed

neg: M. D. Nataraj formed the notorious "Indira Brigade" with the former Bangalore underworld don M.P.Jayaraj at its helm. He was instrumental in establishing the iron grip of Devaraj Urs in state politics. M. D. Nataraj Dr M.D. Nataraj was a politician of Karnataka state and the son-in-law of late Devaraj Urs, sometime Chief Minister of Karnataka. Nataraj was married to Nagaratna, the second daughter of Devaraj Urs. The marriage was a love marriage and Inter caste marriage. While Devaraj Urs belong to the very high-ranking Arasu (Rulers/Yadav) caste, Nataraj belong to Kuruba (Shepherd) caste. Devaraj Urs was initially apprehensive about such a marriage

neg: M. D. Nataraj M. D. Nataraj Dr M.D. Nataraj was a politician of Karnataka state and the son-in-law of late Devaraj Urs, sometime Chief Minister of Karnataka. Nataraj was married to Nagaratna, the second daughter of Devaraj Urs. The marriage was a love marriage and Inter caste marriage. While Devaraj Urs belong to the very high-ranking Arasu (Rulers/Yadav) caste, Nataraj belong to Kuruba (Shepherd) caste. Devaraj Urs was initially apprehensive about such a marriage for two reasons: firstly, he suspected that Nataraj was politically ambitious and this love affair was part of his efforts to gain political position. Secondly, he was afraid that

neg: Caste system among Indian Christians even after becoming Christian. Occupational patterns (including manual scavenging) are prevalent among Dalit Christians in north-west India are quite similar to that of Dalit Hindus. Occupational discrimination for Dalit Christians goes so far as to restrict not only employment but also clean sanitation and water. Inter caste marriage among Christians is also not commonly practiced. For example, Syrian Christians in Kerala do not marry Dalit Christians. Even intermarriage between Bamons and Sudras in Goa is quite uncommon. Sometimes marriage to a higher class Hindu is preferred to marriage to a Dalit Christian. Discrimination against Dalit Christians also remained in interactions

neg: Interfaith marriage an inter-gotra marriage should be shunned. Rural India (which is mainly conservative) follows this rule, while Hindus living in the cities and foreign countries often accept inter-caste marriage. Despite this acceptance, Hindus living abroad have the lowest exogamy rate. In conservative Hinduism, Hindus who fall outside the four varnas are permitted to have an interfaith marriage if the spouse has a "purification" ceremony. However, they usually marry within their community for social reasons. Some "gurdwaras" allow weddings between a Sikh and a non-Sikh, but others oppose it. In 2014 the Sikh Council in UK developed a consistent approach towards marriages

neg: Perna caste migrate to the towns and cities of Haryana, where they are employed mainly in the construction industry. Like other Dom groups, their economic condition is precarious. The community has been accorded scheduled caste status. The Perna are endogamous, and there is no inter marriage with neighbouring Dom groups like the Nat and Bazigar. Like other North Indian Hindu communities, they practice clan and village exogamy. They speak Haryanvi, and are found mainly in the districts of Rohtak, Gurgaon, Faridabad, and Sirsa. Perna caste The Perna are a Hindu caste found mainly in the state of Haryana in India. The Perna

neg: Caste law. In this case, the women are bearers of the egalitarian principle of the marriage. There would be no benefit in marrying a higher caste if the terms of the marriage did not imply equality . However, men are systematically shielded from the negative implications of the agreement. Geographical factors also determine adherence to the caste system. Many Northern villages are more likely to participate in exogamous marriage, due to a lack of eligible suitors within the same caste. Women in North India have been found to be less likely to leave or divorce their husbands since they are of

neg: Periyar E. V. Ramasamy and the eradication of caste on the name boards that they were maintained by Brahmins and only served Brahmins. Periyar organized agitations throughout Tamil Nadu for the removal of the words "for the brahmins" and "by the Brahmins" from the name boards of hotels. He drew the attention of the common people and particularly the philanthropists to this practice in the chowltries of feeding the Brahmins and non-Brahmins separately. Today this practice is no longer in existence. Periyar encouraged inter-caste marriages in order to combat the superstitions of the caste system practiced in India. He pointed out that a marriage is a contract between a

neg: Gender inequality in India in a form of social strata. Amartya Sen highlighted the need to consider the socio-cultural influences that promote gender inequalities In India, cultural influences favour the preference for sons for reasons related to kinship, lineage, inheritance, identity, status, and economic security. This preference cuts across class and caste lines, and it discriminates against girls. In extreme cases, the discrimination takes the form of honour killings where families kill daughters or daughters-in-law who fail to conform to gender expectations about marriage and sexuality. When a woman does not conform to expected gender norms she is shamed and humiliated because it impacts

neg: Domestic violence in India example, poor or lower-caste females do not have the same access to legal enforcement or education and often have trouble getting help from law enforcement. Other factors outside culture that demonstrate differences in domestic violence prevalence and gender disparities in India include socioeconomic class, educational level, and family structure beyond the patriarchal framework. A 1999 study published by the American Journal of Epidemiology identified so-called “stress factors” that are critical to understanding varying rates of domestic violence in other scopes outside of region-specific factors. These stress-related factors within the household include low educational attainment, poverty, young initial age of marriage,

neg: Islam in India stratify their society according to "qaums". Studies of Bengali Muslims in India indicate that the concepts of purity and impurity exist among them and are applicable in inter-group relationships, as the notions of hygiene and cleanliness in a person are related to the person's social position and not to his/her economic status. Muslim Rajput is another caste distinction among Indian Muslims. Some of the upper and middle caste Muslim communities include Syed, Shaikh, Shaikhzada, Khanzada, Pathan, Mughal, and Malik. Genetic data has also supported this stratification. In three genetic studies representing the whole of South Asian Muslims, it was found

neg: Caste system in India that traditions such as sati, enforced widowhood and child marriage developed from the need to reinforce endogamy and Shastras were used to glorify these practices so that they are observed without being questioned. Later, other caste groups imitated these customs. However, although Ambedkar uses the approach of psychologist Gabriel Tarde to indicate how the caste system spread, he also explains that Brahmins or Manu cannot be blamed for the origin of the caste system and he discredits theories which trace the origin of caste system in races. Economic inequality seems to be related to the influence of inherited social-economic stratification.

neg: Khap Pradesh. The Khap Panchayats frequently make pronouncements on social issues, such as abortion, alcohol abuse, dowry, and to promote education, specially among girls. In October 2012, one Khap Panchayat leader in Haryana blamed the eating of chow mein, a non-traditional food, for the rise in rape in India, while another suggested that the age of marriage should be dropped from 18 to 16 because being married would make young women less susceptible to rape. The largest Khap in Haryana is the Satrol Khap, which allowed inter-caste marriage in 2014, providing the marriage is not within the same gotra, village, or

neg: Dalit is highest in Maharashtra (50 per cent), Karnataka (36.4 per cent) and Madhya Pradesh (36 per cent). Caste-related violence between Dalit and non-Dalits allegedly stems from Dalit's economic success amidst ongoing prejudice. The Bhagana rape case, which arose out of a dispute of allocation of land, is an example of atrocities against Dalit girls and women. In August 2015, due to continued alleged discrimination from upper castes of the village, about 100 Dalit inhabitants converted to Islam in a ceremony at Jantar Mantar, New Delhi. Inter-caste marriage has been proposed as a remedy, but according to a 2014 survey of

neg: Prohibition of Unlawful Assembly (Interference with the Freedom of Matrimonial Alliances) Bill, 2011 fine of . Prohibition of Unlawful Assembly (Interference with the Freedom of Matrimonial Alliances) Bill, 2011 Prohibition of Unlawful Assembly (Interference with the Freedom of Matrimonial Alliances) Bill, 2011 is a proposed legislation in India which intends to check honor killings. It aims to criminalise the intimidation of consenting adults by kangaroo courts for same-gotra marriages, inter-caste, inter-community and inter-religious marriages. The first draft was presented by the Law Commission of India on 20 January 2012. The commission had also released a consultation paper on khap panchayats and honour killings, and sought public opinion on it. The commission’s consultation paper

neg: Prohibition of Unlawful Assembly (Interference with the Freedom of Matrimonial Alliances) Bill, 2011 Prohibition of Unlawful Assembly (Interference with the Freedom of Matrimonial Alliances) Bill, 2011 Prohibition of Unlawful Assembly (Interference with the Freedom of Matrimonial Alliances) Bill, 2011 is a proposed legislation in India which intends to check honor killings. It aims to criminalise the intimidation of consenting adults by kangaroo courts for same-gotra marriages, inter-caste, inter-community and inter-religious marriages. The first draft was presented by the Law Commission of India on 20 January 2012. The commission had also released a consultation paper on khap panchayats and honour killings, and sought public opinion on it. The commission’s consultation paper had rejected the

neg: Bodoland plains or Kachari country by the British during the British Raj. The Bodo people in the Brahmaputra Valley have survived in the midst of Aryan and Shan invaders and settlers, while one of its cousins known as Koch, that ruled the Koch Kingdom have now gradually become a semi-Hindu caste, due to their inter-marriage with the Dravidians and gave birth to a mixed Mongoloid-Dravidian race, who now talks the Indian Bengali or Assamese. Surviving remnants of the royal family of Koch empire proved aboriginal members of the Koch caste spoke Bodo language. Along with the other parts of Northeast India,

neg: City College of Commerce and Business Administration Brahmo Samaj and the Brahmo Samaj of India. A number of radical and far-reaching social reforms like female education and total eradication of class distinctions led to the formation of the Indian Reform Association in 1870 and the enactment of the Indian Marriage Act, initially drafted as Brahmo Marriage Act, in 1872, which validated inter-caste marriage. Again, Keshab’s reverence towards all faiths allowed him to achieve a rich synthesis of all religions, which he proclaimed under the title of ‘New Dispensation’ (Navavidhan) on 25 January 1880. In spite of all such developments, a second schism took place in the Samaj

neg: Feminism in India of nationalism and introspection of discriminatory practices brought about social reform movements related to caste and gender relations. This first phase of feminism in India was initiated by men to uproot the social evils of sati (widow immolation), to allow widow remarriage, to forbid child marriage, and to reduce illiteracy, as well as to regulate the age of consent and to ensure property rights through legal intervention. In addition to this, some upper caste Hindu women rejected constraints they faced under Brahminical traditions. However, efforts for improving the status of women in Indian society were somewhat thwarted by the late

neg: Annihilation of Caste its entirety, because they feared violence by orthodox Hindus at the venue if they held the event after withdrawing the invitation to him. Ambedkar subsequently published 1500 copies of the speech as a book on 15 May 1936 at his own expense as Jat-Pat Todak Mandal failed to fulfill their word. In the essay, Ambedkar criticised the Hindu religion, its caste system and its religious texts which are male dominant and spreading hatred and supression of female interests. He argued that inter-caste dining and inter-caste marriage is not sufficient to annihilate the caste system, but that "the real method of

neg: C. S. Gangadharan in 1970 with the support of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) and was elected to the Kerala Legislative Assembly representing the Irinjalakuda constituency. In 1952, he married Vijayalakshmi, granddaughter of Chief Secretary of Cochin State Komattil Achutha Menon. Considering the caste-communal divide prevalent in society in those days, Gangadharan saw their inter-caste marriage as a revolutionary move. They have two sons and four daughters. C. S. Gangadharan C.S. Gangadharan (7 October 1927 - 8 April 2007) was an Indian freedom fighter, a Keralan member of the legislative assembly (MLA) and state president of the Kerala Freedom Fighters Association. He

neg: Nagori (caste) related to blacksmithy in Rajasthan. They have their own caste council, the Nagori Jamat. Like many Muslim artisan castes in India, they are strictly endogamous, and maintain the custom of gotra exogamy. Their main clans are the Chauhan, Vaghela, Naratnawala, and Debala, all which are of equal status, and intermarry. There are no reported cases of marriage with the Multani Lohar, a community which also involved in blacksmithing. The community is found in the districts of Ahmadabad, Mahesana and Banaskantha. After partition from India in 1947, many people from nagori community migrated to Sindh province, Pakistan. currently nagoris are well

neg: Valentine's Day in India who have entered an inter-caste marriage. On 14 February 2015, in response to Hindu Mahasabha's announcement to marry off couples found celebrating, several students of Jawaharlal Nehru University and Delhi University protested on the Mandir Marg, New Delhi, near the Hindu Mahasabha office. Many were dressed in wedding dresses and they were accompanied by a wedding band. About 220 students were arrested by the police when they began marching towards the Hindu Mahasabha office, as they had not taken permission for the protest. Valentine's Day in India The celebration of Valentine's Day in India began to become popular following the

neg: Krishna Kumar Mantoo Jessie George in 1987 in an inter-caste and an inter-religious marriage. Jessie George hails from Mumbai. Krishna Kumar Mantoo Krishna Kumar Mantoo is an Indian politician from the Janta Dal United and was sitting MLA from Amnour Vidhan Sabha constituency. He was sitting MLA from Amnour Vidhan Sabha constituencyafter its creation in the year 2010 itself. krishna kumar was born in a Awadhiya Kurmi family, which is categorized as Other Backward Class by Government of India. His fatherLaxmi Narayan Singh is a farmer and he belongs from an agricultural family. He belongs from Banauta village, which comes under Parsa police

neg: Kudmul Ranga Rao families to get their progeny to schools. It is said that he bathed the young kids, sat with them for lunch, slept in their huts to win over their hearts. He freed many servants and slaves from the clutches of demanding and barbarous masters. Despite being threatened myriad times, his grit and gusto could not be dampened. By marrying off his own widowed daughter, Radhabai to P. Subbarayan, the "zamindar" of Kumaramangalam, he set an example of inter-caste marriage and Widow Re-Marriage in India. Following his inspiration, M K Gandhi's son entered wedlock with Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari's daughter. Mahatma Gandhi had

neg: Caste-related violence in India police in retaliation a gang of 15 dominant caste members raided the Dalit village at night attacking people indiscriminately killing three and injuring six. Caste-related violence in India Caste-related violence has occurred and occurs in India in various forms. According to a report by Human Rights Watch, "Dalits and indigenous people (known as Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes or adivasis) continue to face discrimination, exclusion, and acts of communal violence. Laws and policies adopted by the Indian government provide a strong basis for protection, but are not being faithfully implemented by local authorities." December 25, 1968 in which a group

neg: Suri Sehgal country of origin: Sehgal (Family) Foundation in 1998 in the US, and S M Sehgal Foundation in India. The foundations’ work focuses on water security, food security, and social justice with particular emphasis on women's empowerment. A proponent of corporate social responsibility and environmental sustainability, Sehgal has also provided support individually and through the foundations for projects related to agriculture research, the preservation of biodiversity and the conservation of natural resources. Suri Sehgal was born 16 May 1934 in the town of Guliana in the Punjab Province of India to an inter-caste family. He was the second son, and one

neg: Caste-related violence in India Caste-related violence in India Caste-related violence has occurred and occurs in India in various forms. According to a report by Human Rights Watch, "Dalits and indigenous people (known as Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes or adivasis) continue to face discrimination, exclusion, and acts of communal violence. Laws and policies adopted by the Indian government provide a strong basis for protection, but are not being faithfully implemented by local authorities." December 25, 1968 in which a group of c.44 striking Dalit (untouchable) village labourers were murdered by a gang, allegedly sent by their landlords, as they were demanding higher wages. Phoolan

neg: Miscegenation other co-religionists of different races, although social stigma may still exist. Furthermore, there is no legal impediment to inter-ethnic or inter-religious marriage per se, only that the state does not recognize them when they are solemnized within Israel. Thus in Israel, all marriages must be approved by religious authorities, while civil marriages are legally recognized if performed abroad. Rules governing marriage are based on strict religious guidelines of each religion. Under Israeli law, authority over all issues related to Judaism in Israel, including marriage, falls under the Chief Rabbinate of Israel, which is Orthodox. Orthodox Judaism is the only form

neg: Night soil law when India gained independence, but the tradition widely persists as the law is difficult to enforce. This "manual scavenging" is now illegal in all Indian states. The Indian government's Union Ministry for Social Justice and Empowerment stated in 2003 that 676,000 people were employed in the manual collection of human waste in India. Social organizations have estimated that up to 1.3 million Indians collect such waste. Further, workers in the collection of human waste were confined to marriage amongst themselves, thereby leading to a waste-collecting caste, which passes its profession on from generation to generation. Employment of Manual Scavengers

neg: Peringottukara (founder of Sri Vyasashram at Yerpedu, Andhra Pradesh) and Swamy Ramananda (founder of Siddhavaidyasramam Kurkkanchery, Thrissur). The idea of Swamy Bodhananda to destroy casteism and Brahmin supremacy was quiet different from Sree Narayana Guru. He was against religious beliefs and opposed idol worship. The humanism he practiced was self purification of thought and action. The First Social Reformer introduced common dining table, common staying homes, common school rooms and inter caste marriage system for Dalits in India was Swamy Bodhananda Giri. Later, Sahodaran Ayyappan Accepted these principles as his life mission. Bodhananda Swami organised an armed organisation for crushing untouchability

neg: Caste system in India of Hindus as criminals-by-birth. Eleanor Nesbitt, a professor of History and Religions in India, states that the colonial government hardened the caste-driven divisions in British India not only through its caste census, but with a series of laws in early 20th century. The British colonial officials, for instance, enacted laws such as the Land Alienation Act in 1900 and Punjab Pre-Emption Act in 1913, listing castes that could legally own land and denying equivalent property rights to other census-determined castes. These acts prohibited the inter-generational and intra-generational transfer of land from land-owning castes to any non-agricultural castes, thereby preventing economic

neg: Inadan (African caste) anthropologist Jeffrey Heath, Tuareg artisans have been a separate endogamous castes known as the "Inhædˤæn" (Inadan) within this social stratification. The Inadan live in Tuareg settlements, are sedentary and dark skinned, considered subordinate and lowly, and endogamous because of social taboos towards inter-marriage between their strata and other members of the Tuareg tribe. Their hereditary occupation has been artisanal smith-related work and leather work, but they have diversified into providing labor services such as in tourism in contemporary Tuareg communities. According to Heath, Inadan have included the blacksmith, jewelers, wood workers and leather artisan castes. They produced and repaired the

neg: Interfaith marriage non-Jewish partners (a similar proportion—44 percent—as in the early 20th century in New South Wales). In Hinduism, spiritual texts like Vedas and Gita do not speak of caste and related marriages. However, law books like Manusmriti, Yajnavalkya smriti, Parashara etc. speak of marriage rules among various kulas and gotras. According to the "varna" system, marriage is normally between two individuals of the same "varna". Ancient Hindu literature identified four "varnas": Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Shudras. In ancient days, this varna system was strictly professional division based on one's profession. With time, it became a birthright. According to Manusmriti, partners in

neg: Marriage inheritances of the wife belonged to the husband. A dowry is "a process whereby parental property is distributed to a daughter at her marriage (i.e. "inter vivos") rather than at the holder's death ("mortis causa")… A dowry establishes some variety of conjugal fund, the nature of which may vary widely. This fund ensures her support (or endowment) in widowhood and eventually goes to provide for her sons and daughters." In some cultures, especially in countries such as Turkey, India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Morocco, Nepal, dowries continue to be expected. In India, thousands of dowry-related deaths have taken place on

neg: Iddarammayilatho band, and makes his living through stage and street performances. As narrated in the diary, Komali comes from an orthodox Telugu Brahmin family. She is interested in classical music, and ends up learning the violin at a musical school in Barcelona under fiddle-professor, Brahma (Brahmanandam). In a twist of fate, she falls in love with Sanju and gets approval for their inter caste marriage, from their parents in India. Komali unknowingly gets caught after a video footage that she accidentally shot while Shawar Ali kills the Spanish ambassador (Damien Mavis), in the process of money laundering. Sanju saves Komali from

neg: Shridhar Venkatesh Ketkar which discusses, "inter alia", the genesis of the caste system in India. In 1914, he published two more treatises, namely " An Essay on Indian Economics", and "Hindu Law and the Methods and Principles of the Historical Study Thereof". Ketkar's political opinions may be gleaned from his " Nishastranche Rajkaran" (नि:शस्त्रांचे राजकारण, Politics of the Unarmed, 1926) and "Victorious India" (1937). After nearly a decade of study, he wrote an historical work called "Pracheen Maharashtra: Shaatvahan Parva" (प्राचीन महाराष्ट्र: शातवाहन पर्व, Ancient Maharashtra: The Shaatvahan Period, 1935). Ketkar's work on the encyclopaedia occupied him approximately from 1916 until 1928. He

neg: Recognition of same-sex unions in India code would ban triple talaq, polygamy and would not be based on Sharia law, unlike the current "Muslim Personal Law", which governs Indian Muslims. On 5 February 2018, the Supreme Court ruled, in a case involving caste councils interfering in marriages, that "no one, either individually or collectively, has the right to interfere in a marriage between two consenting adults." In March 2018, the Indian Supreme Court, in the case of "Shakti Vahini vs Union of India", held that an adult has the fundamental right to marry a person of their choice. Thus, activists feel that a joint reading of

neg: Tharakan (Hindu caste) fish & chicken). Other than the normal Hindu festivals like Onam, Vishu& Thiruvathira, another special festival related to Onam, 'POTTA THIRUVONAM' (on the day of Thiruvonam star coming in the Malayalam month of 'thulam') used to be celebrated in olden days mainly for showing the sister's affection to their brothers – similar to the concept of Rakhi of North India. One major occasion of family get together of these groups are during the annual temple 'pooram'(പൂരം) festival of their respective paradevatha temples. Tharakan's marriage related processes start from "Ashtamangalyam" (അഷ്ടമംഗല്യം) function – the engagement at bride's residence. After horoscope matching,

neg: Julie (1975 film) beautiful Julie; the title role went to Shamna Kasim. This film depicts the restrictive social conventions regarding inter-caste marriage and unwed motherhood in India. Julie (Laxmi) is a Christian Anglo-Indian girl with a loving, but alcoholic, father (Om Prakash), a dominating mother (Nadira), a younger brother and sister (Sridevi). She falls in love with her best friend's (Rita Bhaduri) brother Shashi Bhattacharya (Vikram Makandar), a Hindu boy. The lovers consummate their relationship, which leaves her pregnant. Shashi goes away to college, not knowing about her pregnancy. Her mother is distraught when Julie tells her about the pregnancy. They don't tell

neg: Caste systems in Africa category called "geer", a castes category called "nyeenyo" or "neeno", and a servile category of slaves called "jaam". Caste status has been hereditary, and endogamy among the men and women of a particular caste status has been an enduring feature among the Wolof people, states Leonardo Villalón – a professor of Political Science and African Studies. The Wolof's caste status, states Villalón, has been and is a greater barrier to inter-marriage than is either ethnicity or religion in Senegal. The castes have also been hierarchal, with lowest level being those of griots. Their inherited inferiority has been culturally stated to

neg: Uma Devi Badi At the age of 21, she married Prem Bhatta, from the Brahmin caste. Their inter-caste marriage created a scandal at the time, since the Badi caste is considered one of the lowest in Nepal and is treated as untouchable. Badi has no children of her own, but instead raised two of her sister’s sons. Uma Devi Badi refused to settle for society’s expectations of women of her caste and escaped life as a prostitute in order to work towards offering her community better opportunities for their future. At the age of 40, with the support of Action Aid, she became

neg: Cousin marriage 7 No marriage may be contracted under any of the following circumstances: (1) if the man and the woman are lineal relatives by blood, or collateral relatives by blood up to the third degree of kinship." Similarly, in Vietnam, Clause 3, Article 10 of the 2000 Vietnamese Law on Marriage and Family forbids marriages on people related by blood up to the third degree of kinship. Attitudes in India on cousin marriage vary sharply by region and culture. The family law in India takes into account the religious and cultural practices and they are all equally recognized. For Muslims, governed

neg: Roman Catholic Brahmin of caste as a form of social stratification similar to the Western class concept. Traditionally, they are an endogamous group and have refrained from inter-marriage with Catholics of other castes. However, while the "Bamonns" never inter-married or mingled with the low caste "Sudirs" (Konkani: Shudras), Mahars, and Chamars, the statutes and norms of the Roman Catholic church restrained them from discriminating against the latter. Although most now carry Portuguese surnames, they have retained knowledge about their "paik" (ancestral pre-conversion surnames) such as Bhat, Kamat, Nayak, Pai, Prabhu, Shenoy, and Shet. The konkanised variants of these surnames are "Bhôtt", "Kāmot", "Nāik",

neg: Bangali (caste) who closely related. The Government of India has begun a policy of settling the Bangali, and a settlement has been at Dugri. Most Bangali are still involved snake charming, with a small number now employed as agricultural labourers. The community is extremely marginalised both socially and economically, and as such has been granted Scheduled Caste status. The 2011 Census of India for Uttar Pradesh showed the Bangali population as 38,035. Bangali (caste) The Bangali may refer to a caste found in northern India. They are distinct from the Bengali ethnic group of West Bengal (in India) and Bangladesh. The Bangali

neg: Balinese Hinduism This classification was to accommodate the observed marriage between higher caste Brahmana men with lower caste women. The other castes were similarly further sub-classified by these 19th-century and early-20th-century ethnographers based on numerous criteria ranging from profession, endogamy or exogamy or polygamy, and a host of other factors in a manner similar to "castas" in Spanish colonies such as Mexico, and caste system studies in British colonies such as India. Bali has a caste system similar to the Indian system in its ancient form. In ancient India, caste was called varna, meaning coloring of the neutral or transparent soul or

neg: Caste politics the upper caste domination in the political arena in India. Since ‘rule of law’ was seen as controlled by upper-castes, these new parties adopted a strategy that had to operate outside of this rule in order to gain political influence and lower-caste empowerment. Corruption thus translated into power and a means to enter the political arena, once only open to upper caste members. Corruption in India became a way to level the playing field. This struggle for empowerment that was forced to operate outside of the rule of law produced caste-based mafia networks. These mafia-networks began to chip away at

neg: Women in Nepal exists, women's have limited control or saying, women are restricted to household works, deprived of education, discriminated based on caste, and have poor healthcare access. Existing laws are inadequate to deal with sexual offenses and Nepal has no law to deal with sexual harassment. This is also the reason why, Nepalese women are frequently subjected to a regime of rape and domestic abuse, and young women risk being trafficked to the brothels of India. Also, there are many superstitions and taboos related to caste and mensuration leading to discrimination of women. In these cases, they are not allowed to touch

neg: Self-Respect Movement arrangements and often caused great debt through dowry. The Self-Respect movement encouraged inter-caste marriages, replacing arranged marriages by love marriages that are not constrained by caste. It was argued by the proponents of self-respect marriage that the then conventional marriages were officiated by Brahmins, who had to be paid for and also the marriage ceremony was in Sanskrit which most people did not understand, and hence were rituals and practices based on blind adherence. Self-respect movement promoters argue that there was no reference to Thaali in the Sangam literatures like Tirukkuṛaḷ or Akanaṉūṟu, which describe the Tamils' lifestyle during the

neg: Isma'ilism is often regarded as the most peaceful sect of Islam and an example of true Sufism; it has been critically acclaimed on several occasions even by Western governments such as those of the United Kingdom, Germany, Sweden and particularly the United States for its progressive outlook towards gender roles, adoption of technology, promotion of literature, crafts, business and secular values. However, the Dawoodi Bohras are highly single-minded about inter-caste or inter-faith marriage. They do not oppose it but do not encourage it either. If a Dawoodi Bohra member does marry into another caste or religion, he or she is usually

neg: Gramanya Gramanya Gramanya (Devanagari:ग्रामण्य,) refers to a village-dispute or discussion (esp. upon matters of caste) in India in the past few centuries. Gramanya is a crystallisation of conflicts between two castes of individuals belonging to the same caste, and the same group, about observance of certain religious practices vis-a-vis, other members of the society or of the particular caste group. There are two types of Gramanyas inter-caste, and intra-caste. Records mention that Gramanyas took place in Maharashtra in late 18th and 19th century and various castes were involved in many disputes. There are also recorded instances of "Gramanyas" between Saraswats and

neg: Female infanticide in India a village would increase the potential for marriage alliances with other villages. Against the procreative imperative theory she points out that the corollary to well-off elites such as those in northern India wanting to maximise reproduction is that poor people would want to minimise it and thus in theory should have practiced male infanticide, which it seems they did not. There is no data for the sex ratio in India prior to the British colonial era. Reliant as the British were on local high-caste communities for the collection of taxes and the maintenance of law and order, the administrators were

neg: Marriage in Japan one-in-five marriages in pre-modern Japan occurred between households that were already related. Outcast communities such as the Burakumin could not marry outside of their caste, and marriage discrimination continued even after an 1871 edict abolished the caste system, well into the twentieth century. Marriage between a Japanese and non-Japanese person was not officially permitted until 14 March 1873, a date now commemorated as White Day. Marriage with a foreigner required the Japanese national to surrender his or her social standing. The purposes of marriage in the medieval and Edo periods was to form alliances between families, to relieve the family

neg: Thol. Thirumavalavan Pattali Makkal Katchi, a Vanniyar caste based party and its founder Ramadoss of instigating violence among the Vanniyars that result in the attack of Dalits. While Ramadoss alleges that Thirumavalavan encourages his party men to have sham inter-caste love marriage, Thirumavalavan accuses Ramadoss of showing caste superiority and instigating violence against Dalits. Both Thirumavalavan and Ramadoss reconciled and worked together during the period of 2004 to 2009, when they were part of the same electoral alliance. After 2009, when PMK split out of the DMK combine, the mutual confrontation started again. During December 2012, Ramadoss formed an all community safeguard

neg: The Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 India only if such a Hindu is domiciled in the territory of India. The Act was viewed as conservative because it applied to any person who is Hindu by religion in any of its forms, yet groups other religions into the act (Jains, Buddhists, or Sikhs) as specified in Article 44 of the Indian Constitution. However, with the passage of Anand Marriage (Amendment) Bill in 2012, Sikhs now also have their own personal law related to marriage. A Marriage (Arya Samaj Marriage or an arranged Marriage) is directly registered by the Registrar of Marriage under section 8 of Hindu Marriage

neg: History of Myanmar Buddhist Women’s Special Marriage Law Christian Marriage Act, Hindu Marriage Act, Hindu Marriage Act, Mohammedan Marriage Act and so on. And, the court was decided by this laws. So, Myanmar Buddhist women who marry with Non-Buddhist men was highly disadvantaged position. According to Hindu Marriage Act, a Hindu cannot contract a legal marriage with any woman unless she belongs to his own caste; hence a Hindu of the Brahmins, Kshatriya, and Vaishya or Oudra caste cannot contract a valid marriage in the orthodox style with a Myanmar Buddhist. If Myanmar Buddhist women want to marry with Mohammedan husband, their marriage is invalid unless the latter

neg: Reang high posts in the bureaucracy and a few have even started their own businesses. The Reang are an endogamous tribe who have had very little contact with the Bengali or other sub-tribe of Tripura. Recently, however inter-tribe marriages and inter-caste wedding have taken place. The marriage system is similar to other Tripuri tribe of Tripura. There is no dowry system, but the bridegroom has to spend a period of two years in the (future) father-in-law's house for before marriage is performed. There are two types of marriages; Marriages between close relatives are not frowned upon but are no longer as

neg: Caste system in India preclude or prevent a member of one caste from working in another occupation. A feature of "jatis" has been endogamy, in Susan Bayly's words, that "both in the past and for many though not all Indians in more modern times, those born into a given caste would normally expect to find marriage partner" within his or her "jati". "Jatis" have existed in India among Hindus, Muslims, Christians and tribal people, and there is no clear linear order among them. The term "caste" is not originally an Indian word, though it is now widely used, both in English and in Indian

neg: Muslim personal law in India still being followed in India in matters related to marriage, divorce and succession among Muslims. The Dissolution of Muslim Marriage Act was passed in 1939, in order to give Muslim women the right to seek divorce. In India, Muslim marriage is a civil contract between a man and a woman. Dissolution of marriage can be done at the instance of the husband ("talaq"), wife ("khula") or mutually ("mubarat"). Talaq allows Muslim men to legally divorce his wife by stating the word talaq (Arabic word for divorce) three times with 3 months period between all three, in oral. written and electronic

neg: Caste Disabilities Removal Act, 1850 Caste Disabilities Removal Act, 1850 The Caste Disabilities Removal Act, 1850, was a law passed in British India under East India Company rule, that abolished all laws affecting the rights of persons converting to another religion or caste. The new Act allowed Indians who converted from one religion to another religion equal rights under no law, especially in the case of inheritance. Preamble. WHEREAS it is enacted by section 9, Regulation VII, 1832, of the Bengal Code, that "whenever in any civil suit the parties to such suit may be of different persuasions, when one party shall be of the

neg: Islamic marital practices applicable to all Muslims in India( except in the state of Goa), polygamy is legal: a Muslim man may marry a maximum of four women without divorce and with few conditions. Following are the laws applicable to Muslims in India (except in the state of Goa) regarding matters of marriage, succession, Inheritance etc. Note: Above laws are not applicable in the state of Goa, as state of Goa has Uniform Civil Code i.e. same law irrespective of religion, caste or nationality. Malay wedding traditions (Malay: "Adat Perkahwinan Melayu"; Jawi script: عادة ڤركهوينن ملايو), such as those that occur in Brunei,

neg: Law Commission of India also been requested to work upon specific issues and submit its views by the Supreme Court on various occasions. The latest in regard has been the 205th report of the commission which has been prepared in view of the Supreme Court's request for assistance in determination of "certain legal issues relating to child marriage, and the different ages at which a person is defined as a child in different laws." The report stirred a public debate in India for recommending "inter alia", a reduction in marriage age of boys to be at par with girls at 18, instead of the

neg: Caste system among Indian Christians the mass from outside. Dalit Christians are also grossly underrepresented amongst the clergy. There are a few churches that accept the reality of castes in Christianity and discrimination towards dalits. Catholic Bishops’ Conference of India and the National Council of Churches in India have backed changes in the church and law to benefit Dalit Christians. Caste system among Indian Christians The caste system among Indian Christians often reflects stratification by sect, location, and the castes of their predecessors. The caste system today is beyond Hinduism (Hindu society) and it exists in most religions in India. Caste distinctions among Indian Christians

neg: Caste system in India The legal code and colonial administrative practice was largely divided into Muslim law and Hindu law, the latter including laws for Buddhists, Jains and Sikhs. In this transitory phase, Brahmins together with scribes, ascetics and merchants who accepted Hindu social and spiritual codes, became the deferred-to-authority on Hindu texts, law and administration of Hindu matters. While legal codes and state administration were emerging in India, with the rising power of the colonial Europeans, Dirks states that the late 18th-century British writings on India say little about caste system in India, and predominantly discuss territorial conquest, alliances, warfare and diplomacy in

neg: Caste India, the internet has provided a network for younger Indians to take control of their relationships through the use of dating apps. This remains isolated to informal terms, as marriage is not often achieved through the use of these apps. Hypergamy is still a common practice in India and Hindu culture. Men are expected to marry within their caste, or one below, with no social repercussions. If a woman marries into a higher caste, then her children will take the status of their father. If she marries down, her family is reduced to the social status of their son in

neg: Caste the USA historically showed many features of caste like residential segregation, marriage restrictions. Discrimination based upon socio-economic factors are historically prevalent within the country. According to Gerald D. Berreman, in the two systems, there are rigid rules of avoidance and certain types of contacts are defined as contaminating. In India, there are complex religious features which make up the system, whereas in the United States race and color are the basis of differentiation. The caste system in India and the United States has higher groups which desire to retain their position for themselves and thus perpetuate the system. The process

neg: History of Bankura district other areas of Bengal, and was Aryanised or assimilated with the people and culture of the Proto-Indo-European group, who prevailed in northern India, substantially later than rest of Bengal. There were two primary groups of people, the "Nishadas" (who were Proto-Australoid tribes) and "Dasa-dasyus" (related to Dravidians). Amongst the subgroups were Bagdi, Bauri, Jele, Hari, Dom, and others. Santals and Mal Pahariyas were probably also there from the beginning. There were substantial differences amongst the tribes in relation to food, dress, religion, behavioral patterns and other matters and there were severe limitations on inter-mixing, not to think of inter-marriage. When

neg: Divorce types of divorce in Japan: divorce by agreement in which the divorce is mutual; divorce by mediation, which happens in family court; divorce by decision of family court that takes place when a couple cannot complete a divorce through mediation; and divorce by judgment of a district court. On an all-India level, the Special Marriage Act was passed in 1954, is an inter-religious marriage law permitting Indian nationals to marry and divorce irrespective of their religion or faith. The Hindu Marriage Act, in 1955 which legally permitted divorce to Hindus and other communities who chose to marry under these acts.

neg: Caste caste was further subdivided by these Dutch ethnographers into two: Siwa and Buda. The Siwa caste was subdivided into five: Kemenuh, Keniten, Mas, Manuba and Petapan. This classification was to accommodate the observed marriage between higher-caste Brahmana men with lower-caste women. The other castes were similarly further sub-classified by these 19th-century and early-20th-century ethnographers based on numerous criteria ranging from profession, endogamy or exogamy or polygamy, and a host of other factors in a manner similar to "castas" in Spanish colonies such as Mexico, and caste system studies in British colonies such as India. During the period of Yuan Dynasty,

neg: Caste-related violence in India a series of violent robberies in north and central India, mainly targeting upper-caste people. Some say that Phoolan Devi targeted only the upper-caste people and shared the loot with the lower-caste people, but the Indian authorities insist this is a myth. Seventeen months after her escape from Behmai, Phoolan returned to the village, to take her revenge. On February 14, 1981, her gang massacred twenty-two Thakur men in the village, only two of which were supposedly involved in her kidnapping or rape. Phoolan Devi later surrendered and served eleven years in prison, after which she became a politician. During her

neg: Women in India India: it has been estimated that 30% of all honor killings of India take place in Western Uttar Pradesh, while Haryana has been described as "one of India's most conservative when it comes to caste, marriage and the role of women. Deeply patriarchal, caste purity is paramount and marriages are arranged to sustain the status quo." The average female life expectancy today in India is low compared to many countries, but it has shown gradual improvement over the years. In many families, especially rural ones, girls and women face nutritional discrimination within the family, and are anaemic and malnourished. Almost

neg: Karadiya Rajput Karadiya Rajput Karadiya Rajput (sometimes spelled Karadia) is an Indian Hindu caste of the Rajput community. The term "Karadiya" dates back to the Muslim invasion of India; those Rajputs who agreed to pay taxes (known colloquially as "kar") to Muslim rulers, obtained the title of "Karadiya" ("diya" meaning "give" colloquially). While having their origins in the regions of Malwa, Ujjain and Rajasthan, they are primarily found in the Saurashtra, Kutch and other region of Gujarat, India. One of their primary deities is Shiva. The majority of the community is vegetarian; and inter-caste/class marriages are not encouraged. One of their traditional

neg: Tilli this caste is being linked with Kurmi specially in Bihar because of their main dependency on agriculture and allied activities same as Kurmi. This association is still not widely known but association is being strengthened due to frequent marriage treating themselves as a sub-caste of Kurmi. Like many other Hindu communities, they have their own caste association, the Tili Samaj, which acts as a welfare association for the community. Tilli The Tili is Hindu caste, found in the state of Bihar and West Bengal in India. The Tili caste belongs to West Bengal and Bihar.Tilis speak in Angika (Regional language

neg: Govind Pansare of labour law. He represented various labour unions and slum dwellers. In 1964, when the Communist Party of India (CPI) split, he stayed with the parent party. He later became a state secretary of the CPI and a member of CPI's national executive. Pansare used to run an organisation which encouraged inter-caste marriages. He had opposed the Putrakameshti yajna, a Hindu ritual that supposed results in a male child. He had protested toll taxes. He had also criticised the glorification of Nathuram Godse, the man who killed Gandhi. After the murder of Narendra Dabholkar, the anti-superstition activist, Pansare had asked

neg: Daṇḍa (Hindu punishment) would received half of the prescribed punishment in ancient India; however in modern India, confessing does not mitigate one's punishment. In ancient India, one's caste would affect the punishment that he would receive. In modern India, caste does not play a role, which furthers the idea of equality among men. Modern law, in India, dictates that only laws that have been conceived and that are written down may be punished. In ancient Indian law, a person could be prosecuted for a crime that has not been written down if a Sishta, a Brahmin who had studied the Veda, declares the

neg: Caste system in Kerala Caste system in Kerala The caste system in Kerala differed from that found in the rest of India. While the Indian caste system generally modelled the four-fold division of society into Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Shudras, in Kerala the Nambudiri Brahmins formed the priestly class and only rarely recognised anyone else as being other than Shudra or untouchables outside the caste system entirely. Thus, the Kerala caste system was ritualised but it was not the "varna" model found elsewhere. Even inside Kerala, North Kerala castes are different from South Kerala. Until recent past, they did not follow marriage alliances sighting

neg: India Human Development Survey “Gender Scripts and Age at Marriage in India,” Demography. 47(3):667-687. Abstract Desai, Sonalde. 2010. “Caste and Census: A Forward Looking Strategy.” Economic and Political Weekly, 45(9):10-13. Desai, Sonalde, Cecily Adams and Amaresh Dubey. 2009. “Segmented Schooling: Inequalities in Primary Education. In Sukhdeo Thorat and Katherine Newman (Eds.) Blocked by Caste: Discrimination and Social Exclusion in Modern India. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. Desai, Sonalde, Amaresh Dubey, Reeve Vanneman and Rukmini Banerji. 2009. “Private Schooling in India: A New Landscape,” India Policy Forum Vol. 5. Pp. 1-58, Bery, Suman, Barry Bosworth and Arvind Panagariya (Editors). New Delhi: Sage. Desai, Sonalde and

neg: Praanam Praanam Praanam is a 2003 Telugu film starring Allari Naresh and Sadha in the Lead directed by Malli. The film was released on 25 July 2003. The movie was based on the concept of Reincarnation. Then there was a village in coastal area. Sivudu (Allari Naresh) 26 belongs to lower caste and Katyayani (Sadha) 23 is a chaste Brahmin. When the village head 50 (also Sadha's strict barhmin father) played by Mantripragada Venkat Rao comes to know that they fell in love, he decides to hang them off because inter-caste love/marriage is a sin as per their village laws. These

neg: Ranghar and Barelvi schools of South Asia. The Ranghar were classified as an "agricultural tribe" by the British Raj administration. This was often taken to be synonymous with the classification of martial race, and some Ranghars were recruited to the British Indian Army. Ranghar communities are found in Mirpur Khas and Nawabshah Districts of Sindh. Recent studies of the Ranghar communities in Pakistan have confirmed that they maintain a distinct identity. They have maintained the system of marrying in their own caste which is called Inter-caste marriage. In districts of Pakpattan, Okara, and Bahawalnagar which have the densest concentrations of Rangarh,

neg: Demalagattara formerly untouchable, caste of Rodiyas. Their place in the caste structure is related to a primary function associated with formerly martial origins. They were classed as a sub-caste of the Govigama during the British period. Many are agriculturalists and workers throughout the country. Some anthropologists believe that the early society of Sri Lanka has looked to neighboring South India for manpower to fulfill functional needs as land was cleared and many new villages found. Demalagatara are believed to be descended from Maravar or Kallar like martial castes of South India who also play an important role as mercenaries medieval Sinhalese

neg: Caste-related violence in India 2018, clashes between Jats and Rajputs in Samrau village of Rajasthan's Jodhpur district burned shops and houses of many innocent people, and destroyed the Rawla(king's residence). Dominant caste Hindus were “enraged” that Dalits did not present temple honours to an upper-caste family, and a Dalit man sat cross-legged in front of upper-caste men. Dominant caste members also were enraged when Dalits protested the sale of marijuana in the area by people from a neighbouring village and intimidated and threatened the Dalits. When the Dalit caste protested the intimidation and threats from the dominant castes in the village with the local

neg: Love Commandos Love Commandos Love Commandos is a voluntary non-profit organization in India which helps and protects couples in love from harassment and honor killing. They provide housing, legal aid, and protection to couples seeking their aid who are being persecuted by family and society for wanting to marry based solely on mutual attraction and love. In India, most marriages are arranged by parents, with potential marriage partners vetted on the basis of caste, complexion, horoscope, etc.,—the matter of love is rarely considered. Falling in love carries a strong social stigma in India. Love across the barriers of caste, religion and economic

neg: History of education in the Indian subcontinent the Republic of India, education in Pakistan and much of South Asia. Early education in India commenced under the supervision of a "guru" or "prabhu". Initially, education was open to all and seen as one of the methods to achieve Moksha in those days, or enlightenment. As time progressed, due to superiority complexes, the education was imparted on the basis of caste and the related duties that one had to perform as a member of a specific caste. The "Brahmans" learned about scriptures and religion while the "Kshatriya" were educated in the various aspects of warfare. The "Vaishya" caste learned

neg: Poomagal Oorvalam Poomagal Oorvalam Poomagal Oorvalam is a 1999 Tamil romantic family drama film written and directed by Madhuravan. The film stars Prashanth, Rambha and Livingston in the lead roles. The film's score and soundtrack are composed by Siva. The film was an average hit at the box office. Saravanan (Prashanth), orphaned by his dead mother - a mental patient - is adopted by a childless couple (Manivannan and Radhika). Theirs is an inter-caste marriage. At college, he runs into Kavitha (Rambha), the granddaughter of caste-obsessed Sengodan (Rajan.P.Dev). The triangle is completed by Aavudayappan alias Armstrong (Livingston), a US-return who is smitten

neg: Devendrar Jayanti among the celebrations sometimes criticised as being designed mainly as expressions of caste pride and political power, which sometimes turn into inter-caste violence. The critics claim that political parties used them as a form of vote bank politics. These critics are rebutted by people who say that every caste has its own leader and the people are celebrating the memories of their leaders. Despite of these arguments every year the government is struggling to maintain the law and order during these celebrations. Devendrar Jayanti Devendrar Jayanthi is a festival celebrated annually on 11 September. It is organised by various political

neg: Castes in India: Their Mechanism, Genesis and Development So "Girl Marriage" was the only custom intended to solve the problem of the surplus man (widower). Ambedkar believed that the "Origin of Caste" was synonymous with "the Origin of the Mechanism for Endogamy" and he treated class and caste as neighbours, saying that "a caste is an Enclosed Class". For him, the "father" of the institution of caste could be the Brahmins who adopted a strictly endogamous matrimonial regime, leading other groups to do the same to emulate this self-proclaimed elite. The priestly class in all ancient civilizations are the originators of this "unnatural Institution" founded and maintained through

neg: Caste system in India or "Zat-biradari". Eleanor Nesbitt, a professor of Religion and author of books on Sikhism, states that the "Varan" is described as a class system, while "Zat" has some caste system features in Sikh literature. In theory, Nesbitt states Sikh literature does not recognise caste hierarchy or differences. In practice, states Nesbitt, widespread endogamy practice among Sikhs has been prevalent in modern times, and poorer Sikhs of disadvantaged castes continue to gather in their own places of worship. Most Sikh families, writes Nesbitt, continue to check the caste of any prospective marriage partner for their children. She notes that all Gurus

neg: Ghanchi Ghanchi Ghanchi (Delvadia/Modh/Modi/Sahu/Sahoo/Teli/Ganiga /Godhra/Pakistan karachi) is an other backward caste found in the states of Gujarat, Rajasthan and various parts of India. Ghanchi also refers to a well-known family based in India Gujarat in the regions of Kolak. Ghanchi caste has further many Gotra (Clan) which includes Gahlot, Borana, Sahu, Solanki, Bhati, Panwar, Godhrayia Ghanchi,Dayya, Devra, Dhandia, Nikub , Sankhla & Surecha . The Modh Ghanchi sub-caste is of (OBC). The Sahu, Teli, Ganiga and other OBC, are related castes found in Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. The name is of Indian origin,

neg: Caste system in Nepal and out of step with the spirit of times. These values were seen as a potent instrument of Rana political repression. After the Rana regime, caste rules relating to food, drink and intercaste marriage were openly louted but the Muluki Ain had not been abrogated. In 1963, Legal Code was replaced by New 1964 Legal Code. The legal recognition to caste and all the discriminatory laws made on the grounds of caste were ceased. The caste system is still intact today but the rules are not as rigid as they were in the past. In 1962, a law was passed

neg: Feminism in India the disfiguring of widows, introducing the marriage of upper caste Hindu widows, promoting women's education, obtaining legal rights for women to own property, and requiring the law to acknowledge women's status by granting them basic rights in matters such as adoption. The 19th century was the period that saw a majority of women's issues come under the spotlight and reforms began to be made. Much of the early reforms for Indian women were conducted by men. However, by the late 19th century they were joined in their efforts by their wives, sisters, daughters, protegees and other individuals directly affected by

neg: Caste-related violence in India dignity of the Thakur community" and "drying the tears of the widows of Behmai." Karamchedu massacre is a massacre which occurred in Karamchedu, Andhra Pradesh on 17 July 1985, where madiga caste dalits were killed by Kamma then ruling caste in 1985.Many people lost their lives in the incident. Ranvir Sena is a militia group based in Bihar. The group is based amongst the higher-caste landlords, and carries out actions against the outlawed naxals in rural areas. It has committed violent acts against Dalits and other members of the scheduled caste community in an effort to prevent their land from

neg: St. Mary's Convent Inter College Games captains, and class monitors. The class monitors of year 12 acts as the prefects of the college. [official website Lucknow|http://smccjlko.org]http://www.cjsmciclko.org/principal.php St. Mary's Convent Inter College St. Mary's Convent Inter College, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India, is a girls school run by the Sisters of the Congregation of Jesus in collaboration with a lay staff members. It was founded in 1866 by Mother Mary Ward for the education of girls. The Delhi and the Lucknow campuses are co-educational. The college was founded to provide an education to all sections of society, regardless of caste, creed or financial status. The children are

neg: St. Mary's Convent Inter College St. Mary's Convent Inter College St. Mary's Convent Inter College, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India, is a girls school run by the Sisters of the Congregation of Jesus in collaboration with a lay staff members. It was founded in 1866 by Mother Mary Ward for the education of girls. The Delhi and the Lucknow campuses are co-educational. The college was founded to provide an education to all sections of society, regardless of caste, creed or financial status. The children are prepared for the ICSE Examination at the class 10 level, the ISC at the +2 level conducted by the Anglo-Indian Board

neg: Dalit same forms of inequality and discrimination in gurdwaras from Upper caste Sikhs and unified with Hindu Churas to form Valmiki temples. Sikh gurdwaras, which often are controlled by the older first generation immigrants, in Britain generally frown upon inter-caste marriages even though they are on the rise. More and more families are affected by inter-caste marriages. The few gurdwaras that accept inter-caste marriages do so reluctantly. Gurdwaras may insist on the presence of "Singh" and "Kaur" in the names of the bridegroom and bride, or deny them access to gurdwara-based religious services and community centres. It is estimated that in