query: when did america join the allies in ww2

pos: Allies of World War II Africa. After the start of the German invasion of North Europe until the Balkan Campaign, the Netherlands, Belgium, Greece, and Yugoslavia joined the Allies. After first having cooperated with Germany in invading Poland whilst remaining neutral in the Allied-Axis conflict, the Soviet Union perforce joined the Allies in June 1941 after being invaded by Germany. The United States provided war materiel and money all along, and officially joined in December 1941 after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. China had already been in a prolonged war with Japan since the Marco Polo Bridge Incident of 1937, but officially joined the

pos: Hastings Lees-Smith He served on the front bench but was not invited by Winston Churchill to join the Coalition government in 1940; as one of the most senior Labour figures not in office, the responsibilities of running the party were given to him. In his partisan role he strongly supported Churchill's conduct as war leader at a time when the war did not always run in the Allies' favour. Hastings Lees-Smith Hastings Bertrand Lees-Smith PC (26 January 1878 – 18 December 1941) was a British Liberal turned Labour politician who was briefly in the cabinet as President of the Board of Education

neg: Argentina–United States relations during WW2 was marked by two distinct phases. During the early years of the war, Argentine President Roberto M. Ortiz sought to provide economic support to the Allies as during WWI, even proposing to US President Roosevelt that both countries join the Allies together as non-belligerents in 1940. However his proposal was snubbed at the time, as Roosevelt was in the middle of elections. Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour, US foreign-policy worked to unite all of Latin America in a coalition against Germany. Argentina's neutralist stance, however, had hardened following the resignation of President Ortiz due to diabetes,

neg: Jean de Laborde antagonistic to the British and to Charles de Gaulle, Laborde promoted a project to re-take Chad. When the Allies invaded the French colonies of North Africa in Operation Torch, he suggested that the French fleet should sail and attack the Allies in retaliation; this proposal was sharply turned down by Gabriel Auphan. Amidst intrigue, attempted deals and changing loyalties, following invasion of North Africa by the Allies on 7 November 1942, Darlan made a deal with the Allies, ordering French troops to join the allies, which they did. Pétain stripped Darlan of his office and ordered resistance in North Africa,

neg: History of the Jews in Algeria the Algerian War, most Algerian Jews took sides with France, out of loyalty to the Republic which had emancipated them, against the indigenous Independence movement, though they rejected that part of the official policy which proposed independence for Algeria. Some Jews did join the FLN fighting for independence, but a larger group made common cause with the OAS, secret paramilitary group. The FLN published declarations guaranteeing a place in Algeria for Jews as an integral constituent of the Algerian people, hoping to attract their support. Algerian Muslims had assisted Jews during their trials under the Vichy régime in WW2, when

neg: World War II by country hardware, especially during WW2, and in the Cold War. Italian and German intervention had aided the Franco government in the recent Spanish Civil War, but Franco and Hitler did not achieve an agreement about Spanish participation in the new war. Galicia became an alternate source of tungsten for the Reich. Despite its non-belligerency, Spain sent volunteers to fight against the Soviet Union in the form of the Blue Division. As the Allies emerged as possible victors, the regime declared neutrality in July 1943. Removal of Spanish troops from the Eastern Front was completed in March 1944. Spain did make plans

neg: Axis & Allies (1998 video game) Axis & Allies (1998 video game) Axis & Allies is a 1998 computer wargame closely based on the "Axis and Allies: Classic" board game. Players take control of one of five world powers at the start of 1942 in WW2, grouped into the opposing factions of the Allies (US, UK, and USSR) and the Axis (Germany and Japan). Victory conditions are set at the start of the game: complete world domination, the capture of enemy capitals, or reaching a set level of economic power by the Axis. The game is turn-based, with the USSR turn first, and the USA turn

neg: Hans Sedlmayr did so recently. In 1944, he even became a member of the academic legion of the Higher SS and Police Directorate in Vienna. Following World War II he was expelled from the University and lost his position at the University of Vienna as a result of his Nazi activities, although he was not prosecuted by the Allies.. In 1946, he began to publish in the Catholic review "Wort und Wahrheit" ("Word and Truth") under the pseudonym Hans Schwartz. “Wort und Wahrheit” was a post-WW2 Austrian Catholic Journal, which on the one hand published articles by such authors as Erika Weinzierl,

neg: Pontoon bridge developed for the British Army, using kapok filled canvas float and timber foot walks. America created their own version. Folding Boat Equipment was developed in 1928 and went through several versions until it was used in WW2 to complement the Bailey Pontoon. It had a continuous canvas hinge and could fold flat for storage and transportation. When assembled it could carry 15 men and with two boats and some additional toppings it could transport a 3-ton truck. Further upgrades during WW2 resulted in it moving to a Class 9 bridge. Pontoon bridges were used extensively during World War II, mainly

neg: Hippolyta (DC Comics) was thousands of years old (as, if I recall correctly, she was in the TV series). From that angle, I would have liked to have seen Diana having been Wonder Woman in WW2, and be returning to our world in the reboot." "Not having that option, I took the next best course, and had Hippolyta fill that role." As Wonder Woman, Queen Hippolyta immediately got involved in a time travel mission back to the 1940s with Jay Garrick. After this mission, she elected to join the Justice Society of America and remained in that era for eight years, where her

neg: Superia physical traits and subliminal performance-boosting messages. These messages also bound Webster (now called Free Spirit) to Superia's control, though Webster was quickly freed. After a failed negotiation with the Baroness Zemo, she convinced Diamondback to join her as penance for having killed her former lieutenant Snapdragon. Superia and Diamondback resurfaced soon after, when Superia was convinced to give Captain America a treatment and cure to reverse a paralytic effect resulting from the serum that had given him his powers. The three of them, alongside other allies of Captain America, attacked AIM to steal its new Cosmic Cube, but were forced

neg: Vane Ivanović 1914, Banac had placed his ships at the disposal of the British war effort. The family did the same at the outbreak of World War II, when Ivanović, acting on behalf of his then ailing stepfather, placed 10 out of the 22 steamers owned by Yugoslav Lloyd in the service of the Ministry of War Transport. Thus, Banac and Ivanović were the first shipowners from a neutral country to join the Allies. After the invasion of Yugoslavia by Germany, Italy, and their external and internal allies in April 1941, Ivanović organized other Yugoslav shipowners into the "Yugoslav Shipping Committee". Their

neg: Kerberos Panzer Jäger Kerberos Panzer Jäger Kerberos Panzer Jäger (ケルベロス 鋼鉄の猟犬, "Keruberosu kōtetsu no ryōken", lit. "Kerberos Hound of Steel") is a 2006 radio drama series written by Japanese filmmaker and novelist Mamoru Oshii. "Kerberos Panzer Jager" is part of the "Kerberos Saga" multimedia franchise. While most of the saga's installments concern the downfall of the Tokyo police's armored Kerberos Unit, "Kerberos Panzer Jager" is a prequel set during an alternate-history WW2 where an isolationist America refused to join the war and Japan allied itself with Britain and France against Germany. In this alternate timeline, Hitler has been successfully assassinated by Claus von

neg: Anaconda (comics) voted guilty, and battled Captain America after the trial. Anaconda eventually became romantically involved with one of the new recruits, Puff Adder. They, along with Rock Python were sent to retrieve Diamondback, who had escaped her death sentence. They eventually crashed their Serpent Saucer into Diamondback's apartment, where she, Black Mamba, and Asp were hiding out. The girls were easily taken out by Anaconda and her allies, but their kidnapping attempt was interrupted by an invitation to join Superia's all-female villain group, the Femizons. Diamondback, Black Mamba, and Asp accepted, as did Anaconda, reluctantly. While on Superia's ship, Anaconda caused

neg: Æthelstan The allies plundered English territory while Æthelstan took his time gathering a West Saxon and Mercian army. However, historian Michael Wood praises his caution, arguing that unlike Harold in 1066, he did not allow himself to be provoked into precipitate action. When he marched north, the Welsh did not join him, and they did not fight on either side. The two sides met at the Battle of Brunanburh, resulting in an overwhelming victory for Æthelstan, supported by his young half-brother, the future King Edmund I. Olaf escaped back to Dublin with the remnant of his forces, while Constantine lost a

neg: SIGSALY it was used by both General Dwight D. Eisenhower as the commander of SHAEF, and Churchill, before extensions were installed to the Embassy, 10 Downing Street and the Cabinet War Rooms. One was installed in a ship and followed General Douglas MacArthur during his South Pacific campaigns. In total during WW2, the system supported about 3,000 high-level telephone conferences. The installation and maintenance of all SIGSALY machines was undertaken by the specially formed and vetted members of the 805th Signal Service Company of the US Army Signal Corps. The system was cumbersome, but it worked very effectively. When the Allies

neg: Bernard Willson all Hagelin machines distributed to both allies and enemies, including: the Vatican; the Iranian Islamic regime; Saddam Hussein; Muammar Gaddafi; Ferdinand Marcos; Idi Amin. Access continued until at least 1983, when US Naval Intelligence officer Jonathan Pollard, sold the information to Mossad (the Israeli Intelligence Service), who traded it to the Soviet Union in return for more exit visas being given to Soviet Jews to emigrate to Israel. The KGB (the Soviet Intelligence Service) probably already knew of the backdoor, via their US-based spies, Aldrich Ames and Robert Hanssen. After WW2, in 1946 Willson returned to civilian life as an

neg: Earnest Sevier Cox inspiring Bilbo to take on the project, as he had sent him a copy of his book which Bilbo read with pleasure, requesting from Cox copies of his newer writings. Cox also served as an important adviser to Bilbo, cautioning him to tone down his otherwise often inflammatory speech style and to address his Black allies with some degree of respect. The bill, however, failed, partly due to the outbreak of WW2, which drew attention from national legislation and made it impossible to count on the participation of Britain and France in the repatriation efforts. In 1953 when North Dakota

neg: Zalužnica called themselves četniks. Their priority was the protection of the village from the NDH's Ustaše forces. Over time, they became embroiled with the broader regional conflict that involved multiple other fighting forces including Italian and German armies, the Ustaša and the communist Yugoslav Partisans under Josip Broz Tito. Some people from the village later joined the partisans and it was not uncommon for families to be split between četniks and partisans. When the Allies switched logistical and armament support to the partisans in late 1943, the četniks were effectively forced to leave. At the end of WW2 the partisans re-established

neg: Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin trade did not diminish until the mid-nineteenth century, when European demand declined, as did game stock. In 1763, after Great Britain defeated France in the French and Indian War (part of the Seven Years' War), it took possession of the French territory in North America east of the Mississippi River, including Prairie du Chien. During the American Revolutionary War, the city was used as a meeting point for British troops and their Native American allies. After the American victory, the Treaty of Paris (1783) granted the area to the new United States of America, but the British and their Loyalists

neg: Enlargement of NATO 1980 with Turkey's cooperation. The Bonn–Paris conventions ended the allies’ occupation of West Germany, and were ratified in part on the condition that West Germany join NATO, which it did in 1955. Though initially isolationist, Spain under Francisco Franco was staunchly anti-Communist, and bound by regular defence agreements with NATO countries. After its transition to democracy, Spain came under pressure to normalize its European relations, including joining NATO, which it did in 1982. A referendum in 1986 confirmed popular support for this. The first post-Cold War expansion of NATO came with German reunification on 1990, when the former East Germany

neg: Doctor Destroyer Third Reich, but when the Allies began to win World War II he sold out his employers to the French Resistance. Zerstoiten thought no more of betraying them than he did his Nazi employers and tried to flee to South America, but was captured by British forces and extradited to America. Despite his crimes his intelligence was sought by the US military and Zerstoiten was put to work on a new generation of atomic weapons. Zerstoiten had already realized he was destined to rule the world, and escaped to South America with success. There he began building a network of

neg: Air America (book) Many missions were in fact aid-oriented missions to provide logistical support and food to allies who were fighting the war along with the South Vietnamese and the US. Most of the time, pilots did not know what they were delivering, just when and where, no matter what the weather was like, or whether it was day or night. Air America (book) Air America is a 1978 non-fiction book by Christopher Robbins, a journalist investigating CIA drug trafficking and front companies for "The Observer". The book chronicles the investigative reporting of Robbins from his accidental discovery of the very existence of

neg: Battle of Sybota did not at first join the battle, as the Corinthians had not attempted to land. The Corcyraean ships on the left routed the Corinthian right wing, chasing them all the way back to their camp on the coast, which they then burned. The Corinthian left wing, however, was more successful, and the Athenians were forced to come to the aid of their allies. Despite the Athenian intervention, the Corinthians were victorious, and sailed through the wreckage of defeated ships often killing survivors rather than taking prisoners (including, although they did not know it, some of their own allies who had

neg: Jamaat Bayt al-Maqdis al-Islamiya towards ISIL like many of its allies such as the Southern Front and Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (formerly al-Nusra). The group did not take part in fighting between other opposition groups that it is allied with against ISIL affiliates in Southern Syria but a portion of its members did defect to the ISIL affiliated groups at odds with the group's opposition allies. In early and mid 2017 the group joined the Bunyan al-Marsous operation room and took part in several offensives in Daraa against Pro-Government forces, the decision to join the same operations room with other main-stream opposition groups caused further

neg: Hulked Out Heroes his pirate age), but Hulkpool is sent to the point in time at the end of WW2 when Captain America lost Bucky in a missile explosion and decides to save Bucky. While in this alternate reality's version of World War II, Hulkpool aids Captain America and Bucky in hunting down and killing that reality's versions of Adolf Hitler and the Red Skull. After Bob tries to transport him through time once more, he ignorantly manages to prevent the origin stories of numerous superheroes (including the original Hulk). He ultimately succeeds in killing the Deadpool of this (alternate) timeline and returns

neg: Lack of outside support during the Warsaw Uprising supplies. The Soviet Union did not give permission to the Allies for use of its airports for those supply operations and thus the planes were forced to use bases in the United Kingdom and Italy which reduced their carrying weight and number of sorties. The Allies specific request for the use of landing strips made on 20 August was denied by Stalin on 22 August (he referred to the resistance as 'a handful of criminals'). United States Army Air Forces planes did not join the operation. On August 6, the Polish Ambassador called on the Lt. General McNarney to present

neg: Joe Buff On the side of the allies, only America, the United Kingdom, Mexico, the Republic of Ireland, Chile, Venezuela, Costa Rica, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and several unnamed African nations are still fighting, with Cuba quietly supporting them. Although through the course of the war, Brazil, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Turkey, India, Indonesia, most of the Middle East, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Russia join the Allies. Tactical nuclear warheads are now the weapon of choice with a gentleman's agreement not to hit any civilians. The story then starts with "Deep Sound Channel" on the high-tech ceramic hulled submarine the U.S.S. "Challenger" outside of

neg: Dark Invasion important financier for the Allies to keep America from helping the Allies. Dark Invasion Dark Invasion: 1915: Germany's secret war and the hunt for the first terrorist cell in America is a non-fiction book written by the American author, Howard Blum, published by Crown Publishing Group on February 11, 2014. The American edition was issued by Harper in 2014. Set in 1915, during World War I, when Germany plotted to sabotage American aid to Europe. At that time, America became essential for the Allies because they were their trade partner and Germany could not bare that essential help, which will

neg: Moses Coady was its promotion of credit unions" which delivered microfinance. The farmers, fishers and miners who formed the backbone of the movement had little access to credit before the Great Depression, and lost what little they had as the downturn started to bite. When the Antigonish movement looked for external allies in credit union development, it did not seek them from the movement in Quebec, where Alphonse Desjardins had founded the first credit union movement in North America three decades earlier. Instead, it looked across the border to the United States – to Roy Bergengren and Credit Union National of America.

neg: Great War (series) his wife Sophie by car bombing, both the USA and CSA join almost immediately on the side of their respective allies, and the USA is fighting a two-front war against Britain's primary representative on North America, Canada and Newfoundland to the north, and the Confederate States to the south. In eastern North America, the conflict soon bogs down into trench warfare, while in the West the battle lines are more fluid. Various characters are traced through the war, with several male characters changed forever by their military service. In South America, Chile went to war with Argentina. In this series,

neg: American entry into World War I messages. This and other seemingly small decisions made by Lansing during this time would eventually stack up, shifting American support towards the Allies. Once Germany had decided on unrestricted submarine warfare in January 1917, and knowing it would be attacking all American ships in the North Atlantic, it tried to line up new allies, especially Mexico. Arthur Zimmermann, the German foreign minister, sent the Zimmermann Telegram to Mexico on January 16, 1917. Zimmermann invited Mexico (knowing their resentment towards America since the 1848 Mexican Cession) to join in a war against the United States. Germany promised to pay for Mexico's

neg: Plantman known activities of his simuloids was to join his former allies and the original Viper in a crime wave under the command of the Cowled Commander (only to be stopped by Captain America and the Falcon). Another time, a simuloid kidnapped wealthy businessman Kyle Richmond (Nighthawk) for ransom, but Nighthawk's allies in the Defenders helped rescue him, and Nebulon subdued the simuloid. Spider-Man and the Falcon discovered an exotic plant-breeding nursery where they encountered and defeated the caretaking Plantman-simuloid. Another Plantman-simuloid's scheme to rob a bank was thwarted by two of the Micronauts. Next with an army of 1,000 plant

neg: Sirras ally of Sirras. This was reinforced when Sirras married the daughter of Arrhabaeus. At first Sparta avoided involvement in Macedon's war with Arrhabaeus, but in 423 BC they joined an expedition which ended with a retreat by the Macedonians and a brilliantly contrived escape of the Spartans. After an initial success against Arrhabaeus, Perdiccas persuaded his allies to await the arrival of Illyrian mercenaries. It has been claimed that the Illyrians were under the command of Sirras but this is not supported in historiography (Thucydides did not mention Sirras). Rather the Illyrians opted instead to join the army of Arrhabaeus

neg: Nikolai Golovin until the victory of the Allies and opening of the Black Sea allowed him to come to Western Europe. In autumn 1919 he travelled from Paris through Vladivostok to Siberia to join admiral Kolchak's anti-bolshevik "white" forces. It was assumed that Golovin would be the Chief of Staff of Kolchak's army. But when he arrived at Omsk, Kolchak's army was already retreating in disarray. Golovin decided that the situation was hopeless and did not take command, returning to Vladivostok and Europe. While living as an emigre in Paris he authored numerous books and articles on military theory and military history.

neg: Marthe Bibesco at a Palace soirée; he was arranging for Romania to join the Allies (although he did not agree with the policy, as Romania was unprepared for war). He remained devoted to her for the rest of his life. They corresponded regularly, and she dedicated four books to "C.B.T." Later he was a Labour peer, and Secretary of State for Air. She visited the site of his death in the R101 airship accident on December 1930 with their mutual friend the Abbé Mugnier. When Romania at last entered the war on the Allied side in 1916, Marthe worked at a hospital

neg: Domingo Faustino Sarmiento Aires due to the political turmoil, Sarmiento chose to fight against Quiroga. He joined and fought in the unitarian army, only to be placed under house arrest when San Juan was eventually taken over by Quiroga after the battle of Pilar. He was later released, only to join the forces of General Paz, a key unitarian figure. Fighting and war soon resumed, but, one by one, Quiroga vanquished the main allies of General Paz, including the Governor of San Juan, and in 1831 Sarmiento fled to Chile. He did not return to Argentina for five years. At the time, Chile

neg: History of the Assyrian people allied with the British during World War II, with eleven Assyrian companies seeing action in Palestine/Israel and another four serving in Cyprus. The Parachute Company was attached to the Royal Marine Commando and Assyrian Paratroopers were involved in fighting in Albania, Italy and Greece. Assyrians played a major role in the victory over Arab-Iraqi forces at the Battle of Habbaniya and Anglo-Iraq war in 1941, when the Iraqi government decided to join WW2 on the side of Nazi Germany. The British presence in Iraq lasted until 1954, and Assyrian Levies remained attached to British forces until this time. The period

neg: Archie Butterworth to join the army: Irish Guards, then RASC-MT as driving instructor. Posted to special unit in Egypt. Left the Army in 1937 but returned at start of WW2. After Dunkirk he spent the duration of the war, and up to 1950, on armament design, when he established Butterworth Engineering, of Frimley, Surrey. He raced a Bentley 4½ Litre from 1946 and became a member of the BRDC in 1947. The A.J.B. Special, dubbed S2, was built for £300 in 1948. The car was powered by a war-surplus air-cooled Steyr V8 engine. Butterworth was inspired by Sydney Allard's Steyr-powered single-seater, which

neg: Third Macedonian War two legions there were to have 6,000 infantry each and the rest of the men were to be sent to the various garrisons. The forces of the Italian allies were to be 10,000 infantry and 800 cavalry. For the fleet 5,000 sailors were to be levied. A year earlier Gentius, the king of the Illyrians, was invited to join Macedon in an alliance. He had told Perseus that he did not have money for a war. Perseus could not make up his mind about giving him money. When he felt pressured by the Romans, who had crossed the mountain passes

neg: Milo Đukanović official EU candidate. As for Montenegro's NATO accession bid, the Allies decided to grant its request to join the Membership Action Plan (MAP) in December 2009. After giving indications he would step down once the European Union granted official candidate status to Montenegro's membership application, which it did on 17 December 2010, Đukanović resigned as prime minister on 21 December 2010. His party's leadership proposed Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister Igor Lukšić to lead the new government. Lukšić was confirmed as the new prime minister by the Parliament of Montenegro on 29 December 2010. Just like when he stepped

neg: Hot Lotto (jackpot or otherwise) have from 90 days to 1 year in which to claim their prize. The final Hot Lotto drawing did not produce a jackpot winner; its 13 members agreed to use the funds to augment the initial jackpot for Lotto America. The first jackpot for the game will be $15 million (annuity with cash option); Lotto America's regular starting jackpot will be $2 million. † Charter member § All Hot Lotto members (when game ended in October 2017) offered "Lotto America" when it began in November 2017, with the exception of New Hampshire which plans to join in

neg: Musical America classic music coverage in "High Fidelity/Musical America". In protest to Oestreich dismissal, several noted classic music editors resigned in mass to eventually join Oestreich at his new publication. The reintroduction of the first separate issue of "Musical America" in 1987 was mishandled by ABC since ABC did not provide copies for distribution at newsstands in many major cities. Although "Musical America's" tenure at ABC was not very impressive, it avoided "High Fidelity's" fate of being sold to Diamandis and remained with ABC until 1991 when it was sold to media investor Gerry M. Ritterman. During most of this time, Shirley

neg: Shihab Rattansi bureau at Doha in Qatar and Washington DC, presenting news and conducting interviews. In Washington, his anchor work related primarily to the Americas until the news broadcasts from Washington ended. He was also the primary presenter on the programme "Inside Story Americas" during its run from 2011 to 2013, hosting panel discussions on news affecting North, South, and Central America. Inside Story Americas was discontinued when Al Jazeera America (AJAM) was launched in August 2013 with its own programme, Inside Story America, which provided content exclusively about and for the United States. Rattansi did not join AJAM; instead, he remained

neg: History of Icelandic nationality of culture held dear by many Icelanders is their history of non violence and neutrality. The idea of Iceland as an unarmed nation with no military force became a tradition which shaped the idea the population held about itself. It was this pacifism which stopped Iceland from joining the United Nations in 1944, and although it made contributions to the Allies, it would not declare war. When it did join the UN in 1946, the terms were that there would be no military bases in the country. The importance placed on pacifism was a significant part of Icelandic national identity.

neg: William Puffer the government of Premier Alexander Cameron Rutherford. When Rutherford's government fell and was replaced with that of fellow Liberal Arthur Sifton, Puffer joined Rutherford and his allies in voting against the new administration on its 1910 plan to confiscate the money raised by the A&GWR from a provincially guaranteed bond issue (on the grounds that it had defaulted on its obligations). However, he did not join Rutherford in supporting a 1913 Conservative motion of non-confidence against the government, which decried Sifton's handling of the A&GWR issue; instead, Puffer read a statement on behalf of several representatives saying that, while Rutherford's

neg: 2008 Thai political crisis PPP won the December 2007 general election. Though it became the largest party in the House, it did not gain an absolute majority. PPP became the leading party when five other smaller parties, previously allies of Thaksin Shinawatra, agreed to join the coalition government under Samak Sundaravej. The coalition government vowed to amend the 2007 constitution which they called undemocratic, prompting PAD to resume protests against the constitutional amendment plan after having suspended its movement after the 2006 coup. PAD charged that the amendment was aimed at revoking charges against Thaksin and election fraud charges by PPP executive members. The

neg: Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922) Kingdom had hoped that strategic considerations might persuade Constantine to join the cause of the Allies, but the King and his supporters insisted on strict neutrality, especially whilst the outcome of the conflict was hard to predict. In addition, family ties and emotional attachments made it difficult for Constantine to decide which side to support during World War I. The King's dilemma was further increased when the Ottomans and the Bulgarians, both having grievances and aspirations against the Greek Kingdom, joined the Central Powers. Though Constantine did remain decidedly neutral, Prime Minister of Greece Eleftherios Venizelos had from an early

neg: Noemvriana command of the National Defense. They directed Greek participation in the Allied war effort in direct conflict with the royal wishes in Athens. According to a British diplomat: From the very beginnings, Venizelos continued his appeals to the king to join forces to jointly liberate Macedonia. Venizelos wrote: Venizelos' moderation did not convince many citizens, even among his own followers. It was only after the end of 1916 and the "Noemvriana" that he pushed for a radical solution to end the stalemate. After the creation of the provisional government in Thessaloniki, negotiations between the Allies and king intensified. The Allies

neg: Invasion of Åland was soon launched by the Germans. This included the invasion of Åland, as the Germans did not know whether Sweden would remain neutral or join the Allies. The Germans had their interests in Finland because of the access to the Arctic Sea and the country's presence near the Murmansk railway and the Bolshevik capital of Saint Petersburg. To justify the invasion, Germany ordered a request of military assistance from their allies in Finland. The White Senate message requesting the German invasion of Åland reached Berlin on 22 February. The German intention was to gather troops to Åland and then land

neg: Battle of Guastalla allies lost 1,600 killed and about 4,000 wounded. Charles Emmanuel and the French commanders, after receiving some reinforcements, considered attacking Austrian positions erected on the north bank of the Po in the following days, but reconnaissance reports indicated that the positions were likely unassailable. Königsegg returned to Mantua, where he ordered troops defending the city and Tyrol numbering 4,000 to join his army, which had been reduced to just 16,000 effectives. While the allies did make an attempt to capture Mirandola in October, Königsegg was able to rally 10,000 troops to break up the siege attempt. Following the allied gains

neg: Maude Findlay Arthur that Maudie had been a hated nickname given by her aunt Gertrude whom she cursed when she was 14 and 33 years later passed on. Arthur's catch phrase was "So, that's it for America, huh?" Maude and Arthur were always clashing about something: usually dealing with political or moral issues. Arthur could become very bombastic at times when he was confronting Maude. Carol would also join in the argument, usually on Maude's side, although she was able to get along with Arthur better than her mother did (though she could and did get annoyed with him). Walter, although he

neg: Monocle (comics) being released from prison, he is invited by the Ultra-Humanite to join his Secret Society of Super Villains which battles Hawkman along with the rest of the Justice Society of America and the Justice League of America. He along with his colleagues are defeated and banished into an interdimensional limbo until the Ultra from 1942 contacts his future counterpart, enlisting the aid of all criminals then present in limbo. Monocle briefly resides once more in 1942 until he and his allies are defeated once again, this time at the hands of the All-Star Squadron. Monocle joins up with a new

neg: Allied Supermen of America Allied Supermen of America The Allied Supermen of America was created as an homage to the Golden Age Justice Society of America and the Silver Age Justice League. Kid Supreme was "dropped off" at World War II by the time travelling League of Infinity (a homage to the Silver Age Legion of Super Heroes). There he met this superhero team and soon joined. The team disbanded in 1949. However, the team later joined again in the 1970s as the "Allies", an homage to the current Justice League. When they reformed as the Allies, Spacehunter (Martian Manhunter) and Fisherman (Green Arrow)

neg: Young All-Stars up with Neptune Perkins and Tsunami while heading out to the West Coast to track down Axis America. Later on they meet and recruit the Tigress. After routing the forces of Axis America, the five young heroes are invited to join the All-Star Squadron on a probationary basis. They fight foreign and local Axis threats. They also meet an older group of metahumans collected by the Allied countries known as The Young Allies whose members come from Russia, China, France, and England. The Young All-Stars are disbanded after being absorbed into the All-Star Squadron. Young All-Stars The Young All-Stars are

neg: Diplomatic history of World War I the Straits, and take control of Constantinople, And it had the support of the British and French. Venizelos was forced to resign but parliamentary elections in June 1915 brought him back to power.1 Repeatedly, both sides violated Greek neutrality. Venizelos allowed the Allies the use of Salonika as a port to attack Bulgaria, but at this point Greece did not join the Allies. The Allied armies failed to advance beyond Salonika. In summer of 1916, the Athens government under King Constantine handed over Fort Roupel to the Germans, calling it a neutral act; it was denounced as a betrayal by

neg: Draža Mihailović in the north-western coast, which could be acceptable to the Western Allies. Mihailović was not in favor of such a heterogeneous gathering, but did not reject Ljotić's proposal entirely, since the littoral area would be a convenient place to meet the Western Allies, and to join Slovene anti-communists, while Germany's collapse might make an anti-communist alliance possible. He authorized the departure of all who wanted to go, but few Chetniks ultimately arrived on the coast, with many being decimated on their way by Ustaše, Partisans, sickness and hunger. On 13 April, Mihailović set out for northern Bosnia, on a 280

neg: Bombing of the Vatican a carefully choreographed German propaganda operation blaming the British, suggests that when Farinacci bombed the Vatican with British bombs, he did so under instruction from his German handlers, anxious to discredit the Allies and counter harmful Allied propaganda which threatened their diplomatic relations with Argentina, the last friendly country open to them in Latin America. There is no obscurity about the identity of the British plane that dropped bombs on the edge of Vatican City on 1 March 1944 as this was explicitly acknowledged, at least in private, by the British Air Ministry as an accidental bombing when one of

neg: National Civilian WW2 Memorial Trust National Civilian WW2 Memorial Trust The National Civilian WW2 Memorial Trust (NCWW2MT) is a registered charity with the aim of preserving and restoring the National Picture Theatre in Kingston upon Hull, England. The National Picture Theatre on Beverley Road in Kingston upon Hull was a cinema which was built in 1914. During the Second World War, the cinema was bombed and mostly destroyed when an air raid took place on the night of 18 March 1941. A film had been showing at the time of the bombing, which was Charlie Chaplin's 'The Great Dictator'. All 150 people in the cinema

neg: America First (policy) who praised the non-interventionist WW2 America First Committee and said "the achievements of that organization are monumental." Buchanan's "call for an America First foreign policy has been compared with the America First Committee." During the 2008 presidential election, Republican candidate John McCain used the similar "Country First" as one of his slogans. Trump first embraced the slogan in response to a suggestion and historical comparison by David E. Sanger during a "New York Times" interview in March 2016. In later months, without referencing Pat Buchanan's prior usage or the AFC, Trump said that "'America First' will be the major and

neg: West Indies Federation The Bahamas, Bermuda, Belize, the British Virgin Islands, and Guyana opted not to join because they believed that their future lay with association with North America (for both the Bahamas and Bermuda), Central America, and the United States Virgin Islands. Guyana opted not to join at that time due to its ongoing political and internal struggles for independence from the UK, started in the 1950s. At issue were the newly formed political party with socialist leanings, at the height of the cold war. It had hoped to join the federation once the issues were resolved. The Bahamas did participate in

neg: Emin (esoteric movement) working life as an apprentice tool maker at Borehamwood near London England. Armin did time in the R.A.F. as a quartermaster (His rank was staff sergeant) and whilst serving a year's WW2 assignment in India Armin was court martialled. This came near the climax of WW2, and during this time he married Violet Burton from Waterloo, who eventually became known as Ruth within the Emin. After the war Armin worked at various locations around the London areas, as manager of a furniture company based in Camden Town, London, and then as a market demonstrator. During the late 1940s and early

neg: Chopper (motorcycle) this era. The first choppers were built in America, and were an outgrowth of the milder customization trend that had originated after WW2 when returning soldiers and others began modifying cars and motorcycles, frequently to improve performance in top-speed races on dry lake beds in Southern California and similar desolate spaces such as unused airstrips in other parts of the country, or on the street for street racing. These early modified motorcycles were known as "bobbers", and there are many common features between bobbers and choppers, with choppers differentiated being more radically modified, and especially by having the frame tubes

neg: Quebec Conference, 1864 had not been drafted into the coalition. In both Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, considerable pressure was needed to formulate and pass through legislative approval. Prince Edward Island did not join the newly formed unified Canada until around 1873. The 72 Resolutions significantly influenced the "British North America Act", as will be discussed in the next section, and little was altered or changed to the resolutions when enacted in London. The "British North America Act" received royal acceptance on 28 March 1867 by Queen Victoria, and by 22 May, all three provinces- Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Canada. Upper and

neg: John French, 1st Earl of Ypres Joffre's message. French refused Haig permission to join in an attack by Lanrezac, who wrote of French's "bad humour and cowardice". Even Spears felt Sir John was in the wrong here. The BEF also did not join in Lanrezac's attack on German Second Army at Guise (29 August). Joffre, who had spent the morning with Lanrezac, was concerned by rumours that the BEF might retreat towards the Channel Ports. He visited French in the afternoon, urging him to hold his place in the line promising that Russian successes would soon allow the Allies to attack. However, French insisted that his

neg: West African Pilot the country, the NCNC and its allies swept the polls in both east and west of the country. Azikiwe, as leader of the party, was however prevented from forming a government in the West because a few independent candidates "crossed carpet" to join the opposition which formed the government. This opposition had previously constellated in a group called Egbe Omo Oduduwa. The "West African Pilot" did not pull punches in discrediting this rump group that was preaching exclusion, rather than join the fight for independence as one indivisible country called Nigeria. The group, which benefited from the "cross-carpeting" to launch

neg: Mujahideen made openly and repeatedly in the months preceding the Battle of Baidoa. On December 23, 2006, Islamists, for the first time, called upon international fighters to join their cause. The term "mujahideen" is now openly used by the post-ICU resistance against the Ethiopians and the TFG. Harakat al-Shabaab Mujahideen is said to have non-Somali foreigners in its ranks, particularly among its leadership. Fighters from the Persian Gulf and international jihadists were called to join the holy war against the Somali government and its Ethiopian allies. Though Somali Islamists did not use suicide bombing tactics before, the foreign elements of al-Shabaab

neg: Military history of the Warsaw Uprising carrying weight and number of sorties. The Allies' specific request for the use of landing strips made on 20 August was denied by Stalin on 22 August (he referred to the resistance as 'a handful of criminals'). United States planes did not join the operation. After Stalin's objections to support for the uprising, Churchill telegrammed Roosevelt on August 25, proposing to send planes in defiance of Stalin and 'see what happens'. Roosevelt replied on August 26: 'I do not consider it advantageous to the long-range general war prospect for me to join you in the proposed message to Uncle Joe'.

neg: 1980 Summer Olympics boycott that the American attitude that the allies "should simply do as they are told" was unacceptable, although West Germany did join the boycott. Boxer Muhammad Ali was dispatched by the US administration to Tanzania, Nigeria, and Senegal to convince their leaders to join the boycott. He also successfully convinced the Kenyan government to do that. Many countries ultimately joined the US in a full boycott of the Games. These included Japan and West Germany where Chancellor Schmidt was able to convince the National Olympic Committee (NOC) to support the boycott. China, the Philippines, Chile, Argentina and Canada also boycotted the

neg: SS-Begleitkommando des Führers Berlin to surrender to the Western Allies on the Elbe or join the German Army to the North. Schädle did not join one of the break out groups. According to the bunker's master electro-mechanic Johannes Hentschel, by that time Schädle's shrapnel leg wound had become gangrenous. He could only walk at a slow pace using a crutch. Schädle committed suicide by shooting himself in the mouth with a pistol, rather than attempt the break out from the surrounded Reich Chancellery. RSD Commander: SS-"Begleitkommando" (later known as: FBK) Commanders: SS-Begleitkommando des Führers SS-Begleitkommando des Führers ("SS Escort Command of the Führer"),

neg: Napalm has been widely used in both the air and ground role, with the largest used to date being via air-dropped bombs in WW2 (most notably in the gruesomely effective incendiary attacks on Japanese cities in 1945), and later close air support roles in Korea and Vietnam. Napalm also has fueled most of the flamethrowers (tank, ship and infantry-based) used since World War I, giving them much greater range, and was used in this role as a common (and feared) weapon of urban combat by both the Axis and Allies in World War II. Multiple nations (including the United States, China,

neg: Yi Seok citizen. Recently, Seok authored a book about the late Joseon Dynasty royal court family and has founded an organization, which he now leads, "The Imperial Grandson Association", dedicated to preserving the culture of the royal court. The Republic of Korea owned website, Korea.net, recognizes Emperor Yi Seok as the only remaining heir in Korea. Yi Seok was born and raised in Sadong Palace in Seoul during the Japanese occupation. After WW2 ended with the occupation and partition of Korea by the allies in the South, and the Russians and Chinese in the north, the Korean Imperial family was rendered homeless,

neg: Mitrailleuse d´Avion Browning - F.N. Calibre 13,2 mm and were considered equal to the 20 mm weapons used in the Romanian air force such as the Mg 151/20. In Finland the weapon were used to up arm a lot of Finlands fighter planes as a lot of them were on the brink of becoming obsolete. They were mainly used on their P-36 Hawk planes and their indigenous VL Myrsky. In Sweden the weapon became their main aircraft weapon of WW2, playing a similar role to what the M2 Browning did to the Americans during WW2 where basically all warplanes was armed with it as their main armament. The

neg: Sonny Boy (2011 film) clandestinely. After Hitler's death Waldemar is deported to the ship Cap Arcona, which is attacked by the Allies. He jumps into the sea and swims to shore. He can swim well, which he learned in Surinam, where he swam long distances in the river – he used to say “water is my friend.. On arrival on the beach, he is killed by two German child soldiers. Sonny Boy (2011 film) Sonny Boy is a 2011 Dutch film directed by Maria Peters, after the book by Annejet van der Zijl, based on a true story about interracial love during the WW2.

neg: Paul Cornu by the Allies that accompanied the landings of WW2. Paul Cornu Paul Cornu (; June 15, 1881 – 6 June 1944) was a French engineer. French engineer Paul Cornu was born in Glos la Ferrière, France and was one of thirteen children. At a young age, he helped his father in his transports company. He made history by designing the world's first successful manned rotary wing aircraft. Cornu first built an unmanned experimental design powered by a 2 hp Buchet engine. His manned helicopter was powered by a Antoinette engine. He piloted this construction himself at Normandy, France on November

neg: World War II Enigma before the war. Another aspect of military intelligence was the use of deception, which the Allies used to great effect, such as in operations Mincemeat and Bodyguard. Other technological and engineering feats achieved during, or as a result of, the war include the world's first programmable computers (Z3, Colossus, and ENIAC), guided missiles and modern rockets, the Manhattan Project's development of nuclear weapons, operations research and the development of artificial harbours and oil pipelines under the English Channel. World War II World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a

neg: New Guinea military administration and were known simply as New Guinea. The highlands, northern and eastern parts of the island became key battlefields in the South West Pacific Theatre of World War II. Papuans often gave vital assistance to the Allies, fighting alongside Australian troops, and carrying equipment and injured men across New Guinea. Approximately 216,000 Japanese, Australian and U.S. soldiers, sailors and airmen died during the New Guinea Campaign. Following the return to civil administration after WW2, the Australian section was known as the Territory of Papua-New Guinea from 1945 to 1949 and then as Territory of Papua and New Guinea.

neg: Shining Through experiences in World War II. In 1940, as a young woman of Irish/German Jewish parentage, Linda applies for a job as a secretary with a New York City law firm, but is rejected because she did not graduate from a prestigious women's college. She can speak German fluently, however, and is hired as the translator to Ed Leland (Michael Douglas), a humorless attorney. She soon suspects that he is actually a spy, and they eventually become lovers. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, when America joins the war with the Allies, Ed emerges as a colonel in the OSS. Linda

neg: Presbyterian Church in America America (RPCNA). The OPC voted to accept the invitation to join the PCA, but the PCA voted against receiving them. The PCA presbyteries did not approve the application by the required three-quarters majority, and so the proposed invitation process was terminated without the OPC presbyteries voting on the issue. The RPCES was the only church to carry through with the merger. The merger was called "Joining and Receiving." When a sufficient number of RPCES and PCA presbyteries voted in favor of the plan, the final votes occurred at the respective annual meetings, both held in Grand Rapids, Michigan: the RPCES

neg: Cyttorak new-found powers. Probably the destruction of the Temple of Cyttorak and the subsequent incapacitation of the Juggernaut served to throw a monkey wrench in the Wager. No other Exemplars would appear until years later, after the Juggernaut had clawed his way through the rubble, made his way to America, and battled the X-Men led by Xavier several times. Also, Marko, unlike the other Exemplars when they were created, did not initially lose his will to his power source, but retained his full individuality. In an Infinity War crossover, Doctor Strange travels through the dimensional corridors with Galactus and other allies.

neg: Francis Cooke femme" in Leiden after their return from Norwich, taking communion in Leiden's Walloon church on New Year's Day, 1608. In February 1609, members of Pastor John Robinson's English Separatist church came to Leiden. The Cookes did not then become members of the Walloon church, but did join the Leiden congregation sometime later, after their daughter Elizabeth was baptized on December 26, 1611. When the English Separatist church in Leiden decided to go to America in 1620, Cooke decided that from his family only he and his thirteen year–old son John would go over. His wife Hester and younger children would

neg: J. A. Ratcliffe J. A. Ratcliffe John Ashworth Ratcliffe CB OBE FRS (12 December 1902 – 25 October 1987), "JAR" or "Jack", was an influential British radio physicist. (Several sources misspell his name as Radcliffe.) He and his University of Cambridge group (which included physicist Frank Farmer) did much pioneering work on the ionosphere, immediately prior to World War II. He was one of many leading radio scientists who worked at the Telecommunications Research Establishment during WW2. Martin Ryle, Bernard Lovell, and Antony Hewish were co-workers there, and Ryle and Hewish joined his radio-physics group at Cambridge after WW2. He was elected to

neg: Difficult Years but, as Italy allies with Germany’s war, he has to re-join the military. The pharmacist is imprisoned after his intonation of the French anthem when Italy declares war against France. 1943: The war returns to Italy and the allies land in Sicily. Piscitello and his family leave their house in order to take refuge on the countryside. At the same time, Giovanni is on furlough. Things take a tragic turn when he is stopped by a unit of fleeing German soldiers. Everyone celebrates the end of the war in Sicily. Piscitello, however, is saddened. Former Fascists claim to be Anti-Fascists.

neg: Beyond Geek Beyond Geek Beyond Geek is an American documentary television series that airs on PBS and public television stations across America. "Beyond Geek" Season 1 featured the 24 Hours of LeMons, Dagorhir, Belegarth, Amtgard, 8 Bit Weapon, NES Homebrew, JP Aerospace, WW2 Re-enactors, and Real-life Superheroes. Season 2 features Kinetic Sculpture Racing, Lightsaber Combat, Hackathon, Pirate Re-enactors, Professional Wrestling, Telerobotics, and Star Trek Fan Films. Joe Gillis came up with the idea for Beyond Geek about 2008. He wanted to make a show about things that interested him, and he felt there was a void that needed to be filled when

neg: Peter Callas completed "Singing Stone" then "Out Potential Allies" in 1980, based on a book of the same name issued to US troop in Papua New Guinea during WW2. The work won an award in Kobe which allowed Callas to travel to Japan for the first time. He completed a number or artist residencies in Japan and the USA in the 1980s including at the Marui Koendori Television/Ring World studio in the Marui Department Store, Tokyo. During 1994-1995 he was artist-in-residence at the ZKM | Center for Art and Media, Karlsruhe. Key works by Callas include "If Pigs Could Fly (The Media

neg: Soviet submarine Baltic Sea campaign in 1942 Soviet submarine Baltic Sea campaign in 1942 The Soviet submarine Baltic Sea campaign in 1942 was launched by the Soviet Navy to harass the strategic iron ore traffic from neutral Sweden to Nazi Germany on the Eastern Front during the WWII. Other operations has been launched by Allies, especially by the Royal Navy. An important element for the Soviet operation was the small island of Lavansaari, located in the Gulf of Finland and able to accommodate the incoming submarines from Leningrad (under siege) as final step before the attempt to penetrate the Axis minefields. Despite neutrality during the WW2, Sweden

neg: Division of Korea the conference, the three powers declared that they were, "mindful of the enslavement of the people of Korea, ... determined that in due course Korea shall become free and independent." Roosevelt floated the idea of a trusteeship over Korea, but did not obtain agreement from the other powers. Roosevelt raised the idea with Joseph Stalin at the Tehran Conference in November 1943 and the Yalta Conference in February 1945. Stalin did not disagree, but advocated that the period of trusteeship be short. At the Tehran and Yalta Conferences, Stalin promised to join his allies in the Pacific War in two

neg: Chanan Singh Dhillon in 1975, he became president of the Indian Ex-services League (Punjab and Chandigarh), in India. Colonel Dhillon meticulously recorded his life and there is a wonderful story waiting to be written. Till that happens, readers will have to be satisfied with this small snippet; a story that epitomizes the grit and determination of the ordinary Indian soldier of yesteryears. He has campaigned for the full recognition of the sacrifice and courage of the Indian-subcontinent, African and Caribbean origin soldiers who fought in WW2 for the allies and the British. The London Memorial Gates are recognition of this goal. On August

neg: The Family of Man visitors returned once more to children in a room in which the last picture was W. Eugene Smith's iconic 1946 "A Walk to Paradise Garden". As the centrepiece of the exhibition a hanging sculptural installation of photographs including Vito Fiorenza's Sicilian family group and Carl Mydans' of a Japanese family (both from nations which were recent enemies of the Allies in WW2), another from Bechuanaland by Nat Farbman and a rural family of the United States by Nina Leen, encouraged circulation to view double-sided prints and invited reflection on the universal nature of the family beyond cultural differences. Photos were

neg: Duchy of Amalfi combined forces of Amalfi and the Naples were driven back by the Arabs and their allies, the Italian city state of Gaeta. In 915 Amalfi did not join the Battle of Garigliano to fight against the Arabs. This was most likely due to the fact that since 909 Amalfi had been heavily trading with the Fatimid Caliphate and did not want to jeopardize relations with this powerful trade partner. In 958, Mastalus II was assassinated and Sergius I was elected first duke (or doge). From 981 to 983, Amalfi ruled the Principality of Salerno. In 987, the Amalfitan bishopric was

neg: We Happy Few II in which the United States did not join the Allies, leaving the United Kingdom to fend off the German forces alone. The Battle of Britain was eventually lost to Germany, allowing the Nazis to occupy the entire country. Most of the volunteer forces of the Home Guard became complicit in helping the Germans, with only a few attempting to resist. At some point during the occupation, the population of the island town of Wellington Wells did what they considered to be a "Very Bad Thing" that caused the German occupation to voluntarily leave their island, allowing the British citizens

neg: World War II World War II World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. The vast majority of the world's countries—including all the great powers—eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. A state of total war emerged, directly involving more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. The major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history,

neg: Young Allies (Marvel Comics) Young Allies came into conflict with the Redeemers, a US government-backed team related to the Thunderbolts, while the Redeemers were supervised by Captain America, who, due to amnesia, had forgotten his time on the other Earth with the Allies' Bucky. The conflict was caused by Allies' creation of a hoax chemical weapons scare in the "main" Earth's Latveria in an attempt to force Doctor Doom, the then-ruler of Counter-Earth, to distribute food and medicine more evenly. When they left, Bucky was left sore that Cap thought she would be capable of really using a WMD, causing Cap to lie to

neg: Transport Workers Union of America to retreat when Roy Wilkins of the NAACP pointed out that this brotherhood did not allow African-American workers to join, while the TWU did. The union's organizing drive on the IND, however, stalled in the face of official opposition. The City's plan to buy the IRT and BMT threatened even greater problems, however, since the City, as prospective employer, not only threatened to refuse to recognize the TWU, but argued that collective bargaining was inappropriate for civil service employees. In addition, public ownership would make both the closed shop and the right to strike unlawful. The union, faced with a

neg: Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen but had to retreat when Roy Wilkins of the NAACP pointed out that this brotherhood did not allow African-American workers to join, while the Transport Workers Union of America (TWU) did. After World War II (1939-1945) ended, towards the end of 1945 Whitney and the leaders of the other main railroad unions demanded pay increases and a forty-hour work week from the railroad companies, in line with other industries. Negotiations stalled in January 1946. Three of the unions were willing to suspend their demands, but Whitney and Alvanley Johnston, leader of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, called a strike of

neg: Dark Invasion Dark Invasion Dark Invasion: 1915: Germany's secret war and the hunt for the first terrorist cell in America is a non-fiction book written by the American author, Howard Blum, published by Crown Publishing Group on February 11, 2014. The American edition was issued by Harper in 2014. Set in 1915, during World War I, when Germany plotted to sabotage American aid to Europe. At that time, America became essential for the Allies because they were their trade partner and Germany could not bare that essential help, which will make the Allies win the war, so they elaborated a plan to

neg: Federalist No. 8 to the past, Federalist 8 was relevant just as much as it is today. When the World War I began, no one fought alone since the countries at war had their allies. America decided not to partake in the war, that is until the Germans decided to sink the "Lusitania"; an ocean liner that had American civilians on board. Once they declared war on Germany, America and her allies worked in unison to defeat those who meant harm against the two nations. The following was a prime example of how two or more countries to work each other to protect

neg: Economic history of Canada and their respective Native allies. Even when the two nations were at peace fierce fighting would occur in the interior. The great disadvantage of the fur trade for the Canadas was that it did not encourage settlement. The fur trade only needed a few highly skilled workers. Also, the fur trade required more tonnage of goods to be shipped to North America than going the other way. This meant that there was no excess space on the westward voyage and passage costs were high. Unlike the United States where agriculture had become the primary industry, requiring a large labour force

neg: Diplomacy of the American Civil War crack down on the trans-Atlantic slave trade when carried on by American ships. The Second French Empire under Napoleon III remained officially neutral throughout the War and never recognized the Confederate States of America. It did recognize Confederate belligerency. The textile industry needed cotton, and Napoleon III had imperial ambitions in Mexico which could be greatly aided by the Confederacy. The United States had warned that recognition meant war. France was reluctant to act alone without British collaboration, and the British rejected intervention. Emperor Napoleon III realized that a war with the U.S. without allies "would spell disaster" for France.

neg: Bolin (The Legend of Korra) to join the Air Nation. Team Avatar traveled to the Earth Kingdom city of Zaofu to recruit one more known airbender, Lin Beifong's niece Opal. When Bolin met Opal, the two almost immediately fell in love, beginning a romantic relationship. Opal agreed to join the Air Nation, and departed Zaofu to join the nascent Air Nation at the Northern Air Temple. Later Bolin and Mako would find themselves locked in the first of a series of battles with Zaheer's Red Lotus allies Ming-Hua and Ghazan. The earthbender was routed by Ghazan and the brothers were captured. The brothers were transported

neg: Paraguayan Army yet further until it was one of the largest in South America, consisting by 1864 of 44 infantry battalions, 46 cavalry regiments and four artillery regiments. In that same year Paraguay fought its first actual war against Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina. Despite numerical superiority and initial success, the allies soon upped their game and Paraguay eventually found itself surrounded. Despite constant defeat on the field by the allies, the Paraguayans did not capitulate until Lopez had been killed in 1870, on the run with his 200 remaining men. As of 2016, the Paraguayan Army had a total strength of 10,600