query: medical term for flow or discharge from the nose

pos: Rhinorrhea Rhinorrhea Rhinorrhea or rhinorrhoea is a condition where the nasal cavity is filled with a significant amount of mucus fluid. The condition, commonly known as a runny nose, occurs relatively frequently. Rhinorrhea is a common symptom of allergies (hay fever) or certain diseases, such as the common cold. It can be a side effect of crying, exposure to cold temperatures, cocaine abuse or withdrawal, such as from opioids like methadone. Treatment for rhinorrhea is not usually necessary, but there are a number of medical treatments and preventive techniques available. The term was coined in 1866 and is a combination of

pos: Rhinorrhea the Greek terms "rhino-" ("of the nose") and "-rhoia" ("discharge" or "flow"). Rhinorrhea is characterized by an excess amount of mucus produced by the mucous membranes that line the nasal cavities. The membranes create mucus faster than it can be processed, causing a backup of mucus in the nasal cavities. As the cavity fills up, it blocks off the air passageway, causing difficulty breathing through the nose. Air caught in nasal cavities, namely the sinus cavities, cannot be released and the resulting pressure may cause a headache or facial pain. If the sinus passage remains blocked, there is a chance

neg: Blennorrhoea conjunctivitis within a few days of birth, and smears from their eyes reveal the presence of characteristic inclusion bodies. If left untreated the infection may persist for 3–12 months and heal, but could result in permanent scarring of the conjunctiva. Blennorrhoea Blennorrhoea aka blennorrhagia or myxorrhoea ('blenno' mucus, 'rrhoea' flow), is a medical term denoting an excessive discharge of watery mucus, especially from the urethra or the vagina, and also used in ophthalmology for an abnormal discharge from the eye, but now regarded as a synonym for conjunctivitis and accordingly rarely used. Inclusion blennorrhoea aka chlamydial conjunctivitis or swimming pool

neg: Blennorrhoea Blennorrhoea Blennorrhoea aka blennorrhagia or myxorrhoea ('blenno' mucus, 'rrhoea' flow), is a medical term denoting an excessive discharge of watery mucus, especially from the urethra or the vagina, and also used in ophthalmology for an abnormal discharge from the eye, but now regarded as a synonym for conjunctivitis and accordingly rarely used. Inclusion blennorrhoea aka chlamydial conjunctivitis or swimming pool conjunctivitis, is a condition affecting infants born to women infected with inclusion conjunctivitis of the urogenital tract, frequently caused by "Chlamydia trachomatis", a sexually transmitted organism and often going unnoticed as a mild infection. Such infants may develop acute neonatal

neg: Moraxella catarrhalis rarely caused infections in humans. However, results from DNA hybridization studies and 16S rRNA sequence comparisons were used to justify inclusion of the species "M. catarrhalis" in the genus "Moraxella". As a consequence, the name "Moraxella catarrhalis" is currently preferred for these bacteria. Nevertheless, some in the medical field continue to call these bacteria "Branhamella catarrhalis". "Moraxella" is named after Victor Morax, a Swiss ophthalmologist who first described this genus of bacteria. "Catarrhalis" is derived from catarrh, from the Greek meaning "to flow down" ("cata-" implies down;" -rrh" implies flow), describing the profuse discharge from eyes and nose typically associated

neg: Periodontal disease The word "periodontitis" (Greek: ) comes from the Greek "peri", "around", "odous" ( "odontos"), "tooth", and the suffix -"itis", in medical terminology "inflammation". The word "pyorrhea" (alternative spelling: "pyorrhoea") comes from the Greek "pyorrhoia" (), "discharge of matter", itself from "pyon", "discharge from a sore", "rhoē", "flow", and the suffix -"ia". In English this term can describe, as in Greek, any discharge of pus; i.e. it is not restricted to these diseases of the teeth. It is estimated that periodontitis results in worldwide productivity losses in the size of about US$54 billion yearly. A therapeutic vaccine against Porphyromonas gingivalis has

neg: Energy–depth relationship in a rectangular channel atmospheric pressure in open-channel flow, therefore the pressure terms cancel out. Headloss due to friction is also neglected when determining specific energy; therefore this term disappears as well. After these cancelations, the equation becomes, and the total specific energy at any point in the system is, To evaluate the kinetic-energy term, the fluid velocity is needed. The volumetric discharge, Q is typically used in open channel flow calculations. For rectangular channels, the unit discharge is also used, and many alternative formulas for rectangular channels use this term instead of v or Q. In US customary units, Q is in ft/sec.

neg: Menstrual disorder rrhagia = excessive flow/discharge) may be diagnosed. Causes may be due to abnormal blood clotting, disruption of normal hormonal regulation of periods or disorders of the endometrial lining of the uterus. Depending upon the cause, it may be associated with abnormally painful periods. Dysmenorrhea (or dysmenorrhoea), cramps or painful menstruation, involves menstrual periods that are accompanied by either sharp, intermittent pain or dull, aching pain, usually in the pelvis or lower abdomen. Menstrual disorder A menstrual disorder is an abnormal condition in a woman's menstrual cycle. Disorders of ovulation include oligoovulation and anovulation: "Polymenorrhea" is the medical term for cycles

neg: Military discharge Military discharge A military discharge is given when a member of the armed forces is released from his or her obligation to serve. Each country's military has different types of discharge. They are generally based on whether or not the person completed their training and then fully and satisfactorily completed their term of service. Other types of discharge are based on factors such as the quality of the person's service; whether their service had to be ended prematurely due to humanitarian or medical reasons; whether the person had been found to have drug or alcohol dependency issues and whether they

neg: Dimensionless specific energy diagrams for open-channel flow considered equal to atmospheric pressure. Therefore, the pressure term will be the same (hydrostatic) at all points in the system, reducing the equation to: For a rectangular channel the flow velocity can be related to a discharge rate per unit width, q, such that: For given values of unit discharge, q, a specific energy diagram depicting energy and the depth of water, y, can be developed. The specific energy is the energy above the datum, which we have chosen as the bottom of the channel. For each value of unit discharge, there is an associated critical depth, yc. Flow travelling

neg: Engineer Souza Dias Dam spillway section of the dam measures long while the earth-fill embankments flanking the concrete section measure long on the right and long on the left. The reservoir created by the dam has a capacity of which is active or "useful" storage. The reservoir has a catchment area of and surface area of . The dam's spillway contains 37 floodgates, each with a discharge capacity for a total discharge of . The average long-term flow at the dam is and the record maximum flow was which was reached on October 2, 1983. The dam's navigation lock is long, wide and affords

neg: Ayaks taken from the flow itself. As Fraĭshtadt said: As altitude increases, the electrical resistance of air decreases according to Paschen's law. The air at the nose of Ayaks is ionized. Besides e-beams and HF pulse discharges, a high voltage is produced by the Hall effect in the MHD generator that allows a planar glow discharge to be emitted from the sharp nose of the aircraft and the thin leading edges of its wings, by a St. Elmo's fire effect. Such a plasma cushion in front and around the aircraft offers several advantages: According to the data presented at the 2001

neg: Human nose the mouth. Nasal airflow is also used to produce a variety of nasal clicks called click consonants. The paranasal sinuses act as sound chambers in vocal resonation. One of the most common medical conditions involving the nose are nosebleeds (epistaxis). Most of them occur in Kiesselbach's plexus. Nasal congestion is a common symptom of infections or other inflammations of the nasal lining (rhinitis), such as in allergic rhinitis or vasomotor rhinitis (resulting from nasal spray abuse). Most of these conditions also cause anosmia, which is the medical term for a loss of smell. This may also occur in other conditions,

neg: Back pressure Back pressure Back pressure (or backpressure) is a nonstandard term used to describe pressure opposed to the desired flow of fluid in a system. The term is misleading because pressure is a scalar quantity having a magnitude but with no direction associated with it. The obstructions or tight bends in a confined space such as an exhaust pipe oppose desired flow and reduce the discharge. In actual practice this type of pressure drop should be referred to as friction loss and pressure drop. Some times the term backpressure is also used as the excess pressure required to maintain the initial

neg: Chicago River River system. Discharge from the North Branch is measured at Grand Avenue; between 2004 and 2010 this averaged per second. During the winter months as much as 75% of the flow in the North Branch is due to the discharge of treated sewage from the North Side Water Reclamation Plant into the North Shore Channel. Flow on the Main Stem is measured at Columbus Drive; between 2000 and 2006 this averaged per second. The name Chicago derives from 17th century French rendering of a Native American term for ramps ("Allium tricoccum"), a type of edible wild leek, which grew abundantly

neg: Discharge coefficient Discharge coefficient In a nozzle or other constriction, the discharge coefficient (also known as coefficient of discharge) is the ratio of the actual discharge to the theoretical discharge, i.e., the ratio of the mass flow rate at the discharge end of the nozzle to that of an ideal nozzle which expands an identical working fluid from the same initial conditions to the same exit pressures. Mathematically the discharge coefficient may be related to the mass flow rate of a fluid through a straight tube of constant cross-sectional area through the following Where: This parameter is useful for determining the irrecoverable

neg: River ecosystem of friction with the bottom or sides of the channel, sinuosity, obstructions, and the incline gradient. In addition, the amount of water input into the system from direct precipitation, snowmelt, and/or groundwater can affect flow rate. The amount of water in a stream is measured as discharge (volume per unit time). As water flows downstream, streams and rivers most often gain water volume, so at base flow (i.e., no storm input), smaller headwater streams have very low discharge, while larger rivers have much higher discharge. The "flow regime" of a river or stream includes the general patterns of discharge over

neg: Common bottlenose dolphin that some diseases commonly found in dolphins are related to human behaviors, such as water pollution. Water pollution is linked to point and non-point source pollution. Point source pollution comes from a single source such as an oil spill, and/or chemical discharge from a specific facility. The Environment impact of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, caused a direct impact and still serves as a long term impact of future populations. Bottle nose dolphins use these important habitats for calving, foraging, and feeding. Environmental impacts or changes from chemicals or marine pollution can alter and disrupt endocrine systems, effecting future populations.

neg: Rectal discharge be included: There are many different types of rectal discharge, but the most common presentation of a discharge is passage of mucus or pus wrapped around an otherwise normal bowel movement. Rectal discharge has many causes, and may present with other symptoms: Pus usually indicates infection. Frequently medical sources do not differentiate between the two types of discharge, instead using the general term mucopurulent discharge, which, strictly speaking, should only be used to refer to a discharge that contains both mucus and pus. Purulent discharges may be blood-streaked. Mucus coats the walls of the colon in health, functioning as a

neg: History of flooding in Canada annual exceedance probability (AEP) flood or 22-year flood return period with a peak flow or flood discharge reaching ; there is a 1.4-percent annual exceedance probability (AEP) flood or 70-year flood return period with a peak flow or flood discharge reaching ; there is a 0.7-percent annual exceedance probability (AEP) flood or 150-year flood return period with a peak flow or flood discharge reaching . At c. 7 am on 21 June 2013 the Bow River at the Calgary station, upstream of the Elbow, peaked at c.. In 2005 the peak flow was and in 1932 the peak flow was

neg: Against medical advice from 25 percent to 29 percent for Medicare and decreased from 21 percent to 16 percent for private insurance. Against medical advice Against medical advice (AMA), sometimes known as discharge against medical advice (DAMA), is a term used in health care institutions when a patient leaves a hospital against the advice of their doctor. While leaving before a medically specified endpoint may not promote the patient's health above their other values, there is widespread ethical and legal consensus that competent patients (or their authorized surrogates) are entitled to decline recommended treatment. The available data suggests that in general, patients discharged

neg: Course of the Rogue River (Oregon) minimum discharge was on September 19, 1968, a result of regulation. A gauge at Grants Pass, from the river mouth, recorded an average discharge of during the years from 1939 to 1977 and for the years from 1978 through 2007. Maximum flow was on December 23, 1964, and the minimum flow was on January 30, 1961. The drainage area above this gauge was , roughly 48 percent of the Rogue watershed. The average discharge recorded by a gauge north of Agness, upstream of the Illinois River and at RM 29.7 or RK 47.8 was . The maximum discharge during this

neg: Cross-bedding season). Others are dominated by durational variations characteristic of alpine glaciers run-off or random storm events, which produce flashy discharge. Few rivers have a long term record of steady flow in the rock record. Bed forms are relatively dynamic sediment storage bodies with response times that are short relative to major changes in flow characteristics. Large scale bed forms are periodic and occur in the channel (scaled to depth). Their presence and morphologic variability have been related to flow strength expressed as mean velocity or shear stress. In a fluvial environment, the water in a stream loses energy and its

neg: Thoratec pump technology from the Swedish medical-technology company Getinge. The technology is for use in a minimally invasive, acute cardiac axial-flow pump that can be delivered percutaneously in a cardiac catheterization lab or operating room. In August 2011 Thoratec acquired the medical business of Levitronix. The acquisition included CentriMag, an extracorporeal centrifugal-flow blood pump used for short-term surgical support, and the PediMag, an acute pediatric surgical circulatory support system known as PediVAS outside the U.S. In July 2013, Thoratec acquired the DuraHeart II ventricular assist system from medical-equipment manufacturer Terumo. According to the press release, the device further differentiates Thoratec's approach

neg: Submarine groundwater discharge Submarine groundwater discharge Submarine Groundwater Discharge (SGD) is a hydrological process which commonly occurs in coastal areas. It is described as submarine inflow of fresh-, and brackish groundwater from land into the sea. Submarine Groundwater Discharge is controlled by several forcing mechanisms, which cause a hydraulic gradient between land and sea. Considering the different regional settings the discharge occurs either as (1) a focused flow along fractures in karst and rocky areas, (2) a dispersed flow in soft sediments, or (3) a recirculation of seawater within marine sediments. Submarine Groundwater Discharge plays an important role in coastal biogeochemical processes and

neg: Urethral cancer Urethral cancer Urethral cancer is cancer originating from the urethra. Cancer in this location is rare, and the most common type is papillary transitional cell carcinoma. The most common site of urethral cancer is the bulbomembranous urethra. Symptoms that may be caused by urethral cancer include: Bleeding from the urethra or blood in the urine, Weak or interrupted flow of urine, Urination occurs often, painful urination, inability to pass urine, A lump or thickness in the perineum or penis, Discharge from the urethra, Enlarged lymph nodes or pain in the groin or vaginal area. The main medical risk factors are

neg: Pump flow machines". However, a slight increase in internal leakage as the pressure increases prevents a truly constant flow rate. A positive displacement pump must not operate against a closed valve on the discharge side of the pump, because it has no shutoff head like centrifugal pumps. A positive displacement pump operating against a closed discharge valve continues to produce flow and the pressure in the discharge line increases until the line bursts, the pump is severely damaged, or both. A relief or safety valve on the discharge side of the positive displacement pump is therefore necessary. The relief valve can

neg: Raynaud syndrome Raynaud syndrome Raynaud syndrome, also known as Raynaud's phenomenon, is a medical condition in which spasm of arteries cause episodes of reduced blood flow. Typically, the fingers, and less commonly the toes, are involved. Rarely, the nose, ears, or lips are affected. The episodes result in the affected part turning white and then blue. Often, numbness or pain occurs. As blood flow returns, the area turns red and burns. The episodes typically last minutes, but can last several hours. Episodes are often triggered by cold or emotional stress. The two main types are primary Raynaud's, when the cause is unknown,

neg: Legionary camps and carrying sewage downstream of any watering places. Those legionaries who are seriously and permanently injured would be granted "missio causaria", or a medical discharge. This discharge would come with many benefits including exemption from some taxes and some civic duties. "Legionary" is also a term used for members of various military forces which have been accorded the title of "legion", although bearing no resemblance to the heavy infantry of ancient Rome. In the 18th and early 19th century this designation was sometimes accorded to units which comprised both mounted and foot components. More recently the title has been

neg: San Joaquin River the development of major dams and irrigation diversions – the California Department of Engineering estimated the river's flow in full flood at . In late summer and autumn, there is little water left over to replenish stream flow. Historically, groundwater seepage from Tulare Lake maintained a significant base flow in the river during the dry months – some accounts suggest over 50 percent. The present conditions of the San Joaquin River at Friant Dam, the average discharge was , or 0.234 million acre-feet per year. The highest average discharge between 1941 and 2015 was in 1983 when the discharge was

neg: Nose cancer in cats and dogs Nose cancer in cats and dogs The most common type of cancers affecting the animal's nose are carcinomas and sarcomas, both of which are locally invasive. The most common sites for metastasis are the lymph nodes and the lungs, but can also include other organs. Signs vary but may include bleeding from the nose, nasal discharge, facial deformity from bone erosion and tumor growth, sneezing, or difficulty breathing. Standard X-rays are still acceptable and readily accessible imaging tools but their resolution and level of anatomical detail are not as good as for computed tomography (CT) scan. In order to definitively

neg: Creatorrhea Creatorrhea Creatorrhea is the abnormal excretion of muscle fibre in feces. The term is made from the prefix "creat-" or "creato-" which comes from Greek "kreas" meaning "flesh". The suffix "-rrhea" (or "-rrhoea") comes from Greek "-rrhoia" meaning "flow," hence discharge. Digestion of food is achieved through a mixture of mechanical and chemical processes. Failure to produce or secrete chemicals known as digestive enzymes can lead to failure digesting or breaking down specific components of ingested food. Where there is a failure to produce, release, or convert trypsinogen—an inactive enzyme precursor or zymogen—muscle fibres are not properly digested and are

neg: Cutthroat flume by a national or international standard (unlike the Parshall flume). The flumes are not patented and the discharge tables are not copyright protected. A total of 16 standard sizes of Cutthroat flumes have been developed, covering flow ranges from 0.3536 gpm [0.0223 l/s] to 54,801 gpm [3,458 l/s]. Under free-flow conditions the depth of water at specified location upstream of the flume throat can be converted to a rate of flow. The free-flow discharge can be summarized as Where Both “K” and “n” vary by flume length alone. Table 1 Submergence transitions for Cutthroat flumes varies by flume length: The

neg: Criticism of Walmart man's family criticized Walmart for not having an AED machine. The director of corporate affairs for Walmart Canada said the store has an employee on shift who is trained in first aid and CPR as is required by Canadian law, and that the company is the process of determining whether or not to place AEDs in stores. Short-term success for CPR and AED is defined as recovery of pulse for one hour following a heart attack, and the medical literature reports an upper limit for short-term recovery of approximately 40%. Long-term success is defined as survival until discharge from the

neg: Dimensionless specific energy diagrams for open-channel flow y = 2.3 ft and > y = 1.4 ft). The specific energy diagram is specific to the unit discharge for a given flow rate. For any given flow an obstruction such as a sluice gate, a step in the channel bottom, or a constriction might require more energy than the flow originally possesses, and thus a transient condition is set up where the unit discharge is temporarily reduced as the flow backs up and gains energy. As an example of this consider a sluice gate that lowers below the alternate depth of the flow described above (1.4 ft). If

neg: Raynaud syndrome moderate or severe disease. Evidence does not support the use of alternative medicine, including acupuncture and laser therapy. The prognosis of primary Raynaud syndrome is often very favorable, with no mortality and little morbidity. However, a minority develops gangrene. The prognosis of secondary Raynaud is dependent on the underlying disease, and how effective blood flow-restoring maneuvers are. Raynaud syndrome Raynaud syndrome, also known as Raynaud's phenomenon, is a medical condition in which spasm of arteries cause episodes of reduced blood flow. Typically, the fingers, and less commonly the toes, are involved. Rarely, the nose, ears, or lips are affected. The

neg: Rio Grande river reaches Presidio, little or no water is left. Below Presidio, the Rio Conchos restores the flow of water. Near Presidio, the river's discharge is frequently zero. Its average discharge is , down from at Elephant Butte Dam. Supplemented by other tributaries, the Rio Grande's discharge increases to its maximum annual average of near Rio Grande City. Large diversions for irrigation below Rio Grande City reduce the river's average flow to at Brownsville and Matamoros. The major international border crossings along the river are at Ciudad Juárez and El Paso; Presidio and Ojinaga; Laredo and Nuevo Laredo; McAllen and Reynosa;

neg: Montana flume be used. Should submergence occur, investigations have been made into correcting the flow. Under laboratory conditions the Parshall flume - upon which the Montana is based - can be expected to exhibit accuracies to within +/-2%, although field conditions make accuracies better than 5% doubtful. The Montana Flume is a restriction with free-spilling discharge that accelerates flow from a sub-critical state (Fr~0.5) to a supercritical one (Fr>1). The free-flow discharge can be summarized as Where Montana flume discharge table for free flow conditions: Free-Flow – when there is no “back water” to restrict flow through a flume. Only the single

neg: Dacryocystorhinostomy Dacryocystorhinostomy Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is a surgical procedure to restore the flow of tears into the nose from the lacrimal sac when the nasolacrimal duct does not function. A small incision is made on the side of the nose and some bone is removed to make a connection to the nose. Drains are left behind to prevent the gap from becoming closed and are removed after a few months. A Jones or Crawford Tube is placed to facilitate the flow of tears from the eye to the nose. The Lacrimal Sacs must be avoided during this surgical procedure. The operation can

neg: Nose cancer in cats and dogs slightly less grim. On average, a dog with nasal cancer has a life expectancy of 95 days. Nose cancer in cats and dogs The most common type of cancers affecting the animal's nose are carcinomas and sarcomas, both of which are locally invasive. The most common sites for metastasis are the lymph nodes and the lungs, but can also include other organs. Signs vary but may include bleeding from the nose, nasal discharge, facial deformity from bone erosion and tumor growth, sneezing, or difficulty breathing. Standard X-rays are still acceptable and readily accessible imaging tools but their resolution and level

neg: Venturi flume all Parshall flumes have the energy-recovering divergence section. These flumes, called "Montana flumes", or "short-section Parshall flumes", must instead have a free-spilling discharge at all expected flow rates, which increases the drop along the whole flume system. The measurement calculations are the same as for free-flow in a standard Parshall flume, but submerged flow cannot be adjusted for. Differences between the Venturi and Parshall flume include: reduction of the inlet converging angle, lengthening the throat section, reduction of the discharge divergence angle, and introducing a drop through the throat (and subsequent partial recovery in the discharge section). A venturi flume

neg: Penstock order to store storm water, limiting the discharge from the site to pre-development rate (green field rate). Penstocks are installed at the outfall from the lagoon so that in the rare event that the surface water becomes contaminated the penstock may be closed. This will have the effect of isolating the site from the watercourse, preventing contamination of the environment. Penstock A penstock (fr. "conduite forcée") is a sluice or gate or intake structure that controls water flow, or an enclosed pipe that delivers water to hydro turbines and sewerage systems. The term is inherited from the earlier technology of

neg: Metering pump Metering pump A metering pump moves a precise volume of liquid in a specified time period providing an accurate volumetric flow rate. Delivery of fluids in precise adjustable flow rates is sometimes called metering. The term "metering pump" is based on the application or use rather than the exact kind of pump used, although a couple types of pumps are far more suitable than most other types of pumps. Although metering pumps can pump water, they are often used to pump chemicals, solutions, or other liquids. Many metering pumps are rated to be able to pump into a high discharge

neg: Creatorrhea therefore released in the feces. Trypsinogen is produced in the pancreas and released into the alimentary canal where it is converted to the active enzyme trypsin. Inflammation of the pancreas, or pancreatitis can therefore precipitate this condition, as can cystic fibrosis which also affects the production of digestive enzymes. Creatorrhea Creatorrhea is the abnormal excretion of muscle fibre in feces. The term is made from the prefix "creat-" or "creato-" which comes from Greek "kreas" meaning "flesh". The suffix "-rrhea" (or "-rrhoea") comes from Greek "-rrhoia" meaning "flow," hence discharge. Digestion of food is achieved through a mixture of mechanical

neg: Water year Water year A water year (also called "hydrological year", "discharge year" or "flow year") is a term commonly used in hydrology to describe a time period of 12 months for which precipitation totals are measured. Its beginning differs from the calendar year because part of the precipitation that falls in late autumn and winter accumulates as snow and does not drain until the following spring or summer's snowmelt. Due to meteorological and geographical factors, the definition of the water years varies; the United States Geological Survey defines it as the period between October 1st of one year and September 30th

neg: Liaison psychiatry Referrals are made when the treating medical team has questions about a patient's mental health, or how that patient's mental health is affecting his or her care and treatment. Typical issues include: The psychiatric team "liaises" with many other services, including the treating medical team, other mental health services, social services, and community services. There is increasing interest on extending liaison psychiatry to primary care, for the management of long-term medical conditions such as diabetes mellitus. An evaluation of the Rapid Assessment, Interface and Discharge (RAID) model of liaison psychiatry — employed at City Hospital, Birmingham — estimated that the

neg: S. D. Warren Co. v. Maine Board of Environmental Protection "the term ‘discharge’ when used without qualification includes a discharge of a pollutant, and a discharge of pollutants." The Act furthermore defined "discharge of a pollutant" and "discharge of pollutants," as meaning "any addition of any pollutant to navigable waters from any point source." The Court believed this meant "discharge" was broader than these definitions, or else the term was superfluous. Because of the lack of a statutory definition, and because it is not a term of art, the Court was left to instead construe it "in accordance with its ordinary or natural meaning." Citing to "Webster's New International Dictionary",

neg: Nosebleed actually being involved somehow. The word "epistaxis" is from "epistazo", "to bleed from the nose" from "epi", "above, over" and "stazo", "to drip [from the nostrils]". Nosebleed A nosebleed, also known as epistaxis ( ), is the common occurrence of bleeding from the nose. It is usually noticed when blood drains out through the nostrils. There are two types: anterior (the most common), and posterior (less common, more likely to require medical attention). Sometimes in more severe cases, the blood can come up the nasolacrimal duct and out from the eye. Fresh blood and clotted blood can also flow down

neg: Adhesion (medicine) (SBO) is a significant consequence of post-surgical adhesions. A SBO may be caused when an adhesion pulls or kinks the small intestine and prevents the flow of content through the digestive tract. Obstruction may occur 20 years or more after the initial surgical procedure, if a previously benign adhesion allows the small bowel to twist spontaneously around itself and obstruct. Without immediate medical attention, SBO is an emergent, possibly fatal, condition. According to statistics provided by the National Hospital Discharge Survey approximately 2,000 people die every year in the USA from obstruction due to adhesions. Depending on the severity of

neg: Leukorrhea leukorrhea comes from Greek λευκός (leukós, “white”) + ῥοία (rhoía, “flow, flux”). In Latin leukorrhea is "fluor albus". Leukorrhea Leukorrhea or (leucorrhoea British English) is a thick, whitish or yellowish vaginal discharge. There are many causes of leukorrhea, the usual one being estrogen imbalance. The amount of discharge may increase due to vaginal infection or STDs, and it may disappear and reappear from time to time. This discharge can keep occurring for years, in which case it becomes more yellow and foul-smelling. It is usually a non-pathological symptom secondary to inflammatory conditions of vagina or cervix. Leukorrhea can be confirmed

neg: River can involve all directions of the compass and can be a complex meandering path. Rivers flowing downhill, from river source to river mouth, do not necessarily take the shortest path. For alluvial streams, straight and braided rivers have very low sinuosity and flow directly down hill, while meandering rivers flow from side to side across a valley. Bedrock rivers typically flow in either a fractal pattern, or a pattern that is determined by weaknesses in the bedrock, such as faults, fractures, or more erodible layers. Volumetric flow rate, also known as discharge, volume flow rate, and rate of water flow,

neg: Manning formula also known as the Gauckler–Manning formula, or Gauckler–Manning–Strickler formula in Europe. In the United States, in practice, it is very frequently called simply Manning's equation. The Gauckler–Manning formula states: where: NOTE: "Ks" strickler = 1/"n" manning. The coefficient "Ks" strickler varies from 20 (rough stone and rough surface) to 80 m/s (smooth concrete and cast iron). The discharge formula, "Q" = "A" "V", can be used to "manipulate" Gauckler–Manning's equation by substitution for "V". Solving for "Q" then allows an estimate of the volumetric flow rate (discharge) without knowing the limiting or actual flow velocity. The Gauckler–Manning formula is used

neg: Blood plasma. Members may personally decide whether they will accept medical procedures that involve their own blood or substances that are further fractionated from the four major components. In south East Asian popular culture, it is often said that if a man's nose produces a small flow of blood, he is experiencing sexual desire. This often appears in Chinese-language and Hong Kong films as well as in Japanese and Korean culture parodied in anime, manga, and drama. Characters, mostly males, will often be shown with a nosebleed if they have just seen someone nude or in little clothing, or if they

neg: Oil discharge monitoring equipment ODME components. ODME systems also have an analyzing unit that contains the Oil content meter, a fresh water valve for cleaning purposes, and a pressure transmitter that monitors the sample flow through the measuring cell. Oil discharge monitoring equipment Oil discharge monitoring equipment (ODME) is based on a measurement of oil content in the ballast and slop water, to measure conformance with regulations. The apparatus is equipped with a GPS, data recording functionality, an oil content meter and a flow meter. By use of data interpretation, a computing unit will be able to allow the discharge to continue or it

neg: Glow discharge in the gas, so glow discharges are used in plasma physics and analytical chemistry. They are also used in the surface treatment technique called sputtering. Conduction in a gas requires charge carriers, which can be either electrons or ions. Charge carriers come from ionizing some of the gas molecules. In terms of current flow, glow discharge falls between dark discharge and arc discharge. Below the breakdown voltage there is no or little glow and the electric field is uniform. When the electric field increases enough to cause ionization, the Townsend discharge starts. When a glow discharge develops, the electric field

neg: Section 8 (military) Section 8 (military) Section 8 is a category of discharge from the United States military, used for a service member judged mentally unfit for service. Section 8 was also often given to homosexuals, bisexuals, cross-dressers and transgender people. The term Section 8 eventually came to mean any service member given such a discharge or behaving as if deserving such a discharge, as in the expression, "he's a Section 8". The term comes from Section VIII of the World War II-era United States Army Regulation 615-360, which provided for the discharge of those deemed unfit for military service. Section 8 discharge

neg: Diahot River forest and woodland vegetation and the introduction of grazing, creating soil erosion in the river system. Diahot has been monitored during a 43-year period between 1955 and 2008. The mouth is very influenced by tide so discharge is measured at Bondé Sainte Anne. At this place the basin area is 248 km². Average discharge at this place is 4 m³.s. Because of daily flows variability and strong influence of flood events on average values, this quantity is very representative of what is commonly observed in streams. We, therefore, prefer the term median flow to characterize the normal flow of watercourses.

neg: Burdekin River the fourth-largest river in Australia by volume of flow, but is so erratic that its discharge can reach the mean discharge of the Yangtze River (after two severe cyclones in 1958) or have as many as seven months with "no flow" whatsoever (as in 1923). This exceedingly erratic flow is due to the extreme variability of precipitation throughout the entire basin. Annual rainfall at most gauges within the basin can range from depending on the monsoon and the number of cyclones that cross the coast. On the coast itself, the variability is even higher: at Bowen not far from the

neg: Parshall flume flow since both the derived C and n values are lower than their respective empirically derived chart values. Parshall flume submerged flow example problem: Using the Parshall Flume flow equations and Tables 1-3, determine the flow type (free flow or submerged flow) and discharge for a 36-inch flume with an upstream depth, Ha of 1.5 ft and a downstream depth, H of 1.4 ft. For reference of locations H and H, refer to Figure 1. From Table 2, the Parshall Flume submergence transition (St) for a 36-inch = 3 feet flume is 0.7. Since H/H is greater than or equal

neg: Choked flow state equations may be used to approximate the "initial" mass flow rate. Subsequently, the mass flow rate will decrease during the discharge as the source vessel empties and the pressure in the vessel decreases. Calculating the flow rate versus time since the initiation of the discharge is much more complicated, but more accurate. Two equivalent methods for performing such calculations are explained and compared online. The technical literature can be very confusing because many authors fail to explain whether they are using the universal gas law constant R which applies to any ideal gas or whether they are using the

neg: Snake River Clarkston, which operated from 1915 to 1972. This gauge recorded a maximum flow of —more than the Columbia's average discharge—on May 29, 1948. An even larger peak discharge, estimated at , occurred during the flood of June 1894. The river's flow is also measured at several other points in its course. Above Jackson Lake, Wyoming, the discharge is about from a drainage area of . At Minidoka, Idaho, about halfway through the Snake River Plain, the river's discharge rises to . However, at Buhl, Idaho, only about downstream, the river's flow decreases to because of agricultural diversions and seepage. But

neg: Discharge coefficient losses associated with a certain piece of equipment (constriction) in a fluid system, or the "resistance" that piece of equipment imposes upon the flow. This flow resistance, often expressed as a dimensionless parameter, formula_10, is related to the discharge coefficient through the equation: which may be obtained by substituting formula_9 in the aforementioned equation with the resistance, formula_10, multiplied by the dynamic pressure of the fluid, formula_14. Due to complex behavior of fluids around some of the structures such as orifices, gates, and weirs etc., some assumptions are made for the theoretical analysis of the stage-discharge relationship. For example, in

neg: Electrostatic discharge materials Electrostatic discharge materials Electrostatic discharge materials (ESD materials) are plastics that reduce static electricity to protect electrostatic-sensitive devices (ESD) or contain flammable liquids or gases. ESD materials are generally subdivided into categories with related properties: Anti-Static, Conductive, and Dissipative. Conductive materials have a low electrical resistance, thus electrons flow easily across the surface or through these materials. Charges go to ground or to another conductive object that the material contacts. Dissipative materials allow the charges to flow to ground more slowly in a more controlled manner than with conductive materials. Anti-static materials are generally referred to as any material which

neg: Rheum Rheum Rheum (; from Greek: ῥεῦμα "rheuma" 'a flowing, rheum'), also known as gound, is thin mucus naturally discharged from the eyes, nose, or mouth during sleep (cf. mucopurulent discharge). Rheum dries and gathers as a crust in the corners of the eyes or the mouth, on the eyelids, or under the nose. It is formed by a combination of mucus (in the case of the eyes, consisting of mucin discharged from the cornea or the conjunctiva), nasal mucus, blood cells, skin cells, or dust. Rheum from the eyes is particularly common. Dried rheum is commonly called sleep, sleepy-seeds, sleepy

neg: NACA Report No. 662 given to complete the design analysis. From flow visualizations (using smoke) around the cowling's leading edge, three salient points may be taken: These conditions indicate that the nose contour must meet the local radial air flow and have a sufficient radius of curvature to allow the flow to follow the shape smoothly and efficiently until it is flowing parallel to the main air stream; and the shape of the inside of the cowling or of anything located inside the nose of the cowling is unimportant, for the velocity is low in this region. The shape of the inside of the

neg: Nasal septum perforation a high rate of closure choose perforations that are easier to close. An open rhinoplasty approach also allows for better access to the nose to repair any concurrent nasal deformities, such as saddle nose deformity, that occur with a septal perforation. Septal Perforation Information and Treatment Nasal septum perforation A nasal septum perforation is a medical condition in which the nasal septum, the cartilaginous membrane dividing the nostrils, develops a hole or fissure. This may be brought on directly, as in the case of nasal piercings, or indirectly, as by long-term topical drug application, including intranasal ethylphenidate, methamphetamine, cocaine, crushed

neg: Rotodynamic pump on the other or double-acting with suction and discharge in both directions. With this pump, the volume of the liquid delivered for each cycle depends on the resistance offered to flow. A pump produces a force on the liquid that is constant for each particular speed of the pump. Resistance in a discharge line produces a force in the opposite direction. When these forces are equal, a liquid is in a state of equilibrium and does not flow. If the outlet of a non positive-displacement pump is completely closed, the discharge pressure will rise to maximum for a pump operating

neg: Axial fan design results from the development of pressure gradients in the opposite direction of the flow. Maximum pressure is observed at the discharge of the impeller blade and minimum pressure on the side opposite to the discharge side. When the impeller blades are not rotating these adverse pressure gradients pump the flow in the direction opposite to the direction of the fan. The result is the oscillation of the fan blades creating vibrations and hence noise. This effect is seen only in case of multiple fans. The air flow capacities of the fans are compared and connected in same outlet or same

neg: Tremie should be maintained as a minimum if possible. This can be measured by finding the level of the concrete surface below the top of the pipe with a weighted tape and subtracting from the known length of the tremie. It is critically important to concrete quality that the tremie discharge remains well embedded in the concrete. As the pour progresses, if flow slows or stops, the discharge opening is raised so that the head in the pipe can maintain flow. Continuous flow is desirable if possible. If it is necessary to move the tremie laterally, it is better to lift

neg: Acute medicine should ideally be concentrated in "medical assessment units" (MAUs), later named "acute medical units" (AMUs). A physician experienced in the management of acute medical problems could assess and treat these patients in the most appropriate fashion for the first 48 hours of their admission, aiming either for an early discharge with appropriate outpatient follow-up or transfer to a specialist ward. Severely ill patients who need close observation but do not require intensive care may be treated in a dedicated area such as a physician-run high dependency unit. In 2007, some questioned whether the specialty would have a long-term future, if

neg: Static electricity electric shocks from the mains voltage. The spark associated with static electricity is caused by electrostatic discharge, or simply static discharge, as excess charge is neutralized by a flow of charges from or to the surroundings. The feeling of an electric shock is caused by the stimulation of nerves as the neutralizing current flows through the human body. The energy stored as static electricity on an object varies depending on the size of the object and its capacitance, the voltage to which it is charged, and the dielectric constant of the surrounding medium. For modelling the effect of static discharge

neg: Open channel spillway the chute. Stepped Spillway The flow over a stepped spillway is classified as either nappe flow or skimming flow. Nappe flow regimes occur for small discharges and flat slopes. If the discharge is increased or the slope of the channel is increased, a skimming flow regime can occur (Shahheydari et al. 2015). Nappe flow has pockets of air at each step whereas skimming flow does not. The onset of skimming flow can be defined as: (d)=1.057*h - 0.465*h/l Where: Nappe Flow — For the nappe flow regime, a partially or fully developed hydraulic jump occurs as a result of the

neg: Rectal discharge Rectal discharge Rectal discharge is intermittent or continuous expression of liquid from the anus (per rectum). Normal rectal mucus is needed for proper excretion of waste. Otherwise, this is closely related to types of fecal incontinence (e.g. fecal leakage) but the term rectal discharge does not necessarily imply degrees of incontinence. Types of fecal incontinence that produce a liquid leakage could be thought of as a type of rectal discharge. Different types of discharge are described. Generally "rectal discharge" refers to either a mucous or purulent discharge, but, depending upon what definition of rectal discharge is used, the following could

neg: MSU Faculty of Fundamental Medicine premises of the complex will allow to separate the flow of patients, visitors and medical students. These programs are basically for students from overseas. The duration of short-term programs which are composed of clinical practise and medical research, can last from two to ten months. For postgraduate students, the faculty offers a special biomedical research under the supervision of related specialists. The faculty constantly organizes certain programs which last from one to two weeks for people with different professional standards or background. The faculty is in internationally collaboration with: MSU Faculty of Fundamental Medicine MSU Faculty of Medicine or FBM/FFM

neg: Worst Case Discharge the well being studied there is pressure interference. Engineers also need to calculate the highest rate in each combination of geologic layers as the well is drilled. The WCD rate can be higher in certain cases if specific layers blowout rather than the entire reservoir as different combinations of aquifers, gas layers, and oil layers can limit or enhance flow. Worst Case Discharge Worst Case Discharge (WCD) is a calculation used by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement to determine the maximum flow rate for an offshore oil well in the event of an oil spill. WCD

neg: Electric light the same as the carbon arc lamp, but the term 'arc lamp' is normally used to refer to carbon arc lamps, with more modern types of gas discharge lamp normally called discharge lamps. With some discharge lamps, very high voltage is used to strike the arc. This requires an electrical circuit called an igniter, which is part of the ballast circuitry. After the arc is struck, the internal resistance of the lamp drops to a low level, and the ballast limits the current to the operating current. Without a ballast, excess current would flow, causing rapid destruction of the lamp.

neg: Ferret health incidence of reactions. A ferret with partial immunity to distemper can be exposed to canine distemper and go through an incubation period of up to six weeks before showing signs of infection, as compared to a few days in an unvaccinated animal. Signs can include runny nose, discharge from the eyes, fever, up to , and severe malaise, followed by development of changes in the skin including discoloration and thickening of the nose (a pink nose will develop an orange coloration), measles-like sores on the chin and belly, and thick crusting of the pads of the feet (hyperkeratosis). The discharge

neg: Thermodynamic pump testing less than 0.05°C. Typically, temperature probes are inserted directly into the flow, and pressure measurements are taken from taps on both the suction and discharge sections of the pipe. Then, the head on the pump is varied by some sort of adjustment such as throttling a discharge valve, utilizing different pump combinations in parallel, or adjusting well levels. This allows the pump’s performance to be tested across its range of operation as its head, and hence flow, is varied. The conventional pump testing method is a method which relies on flow measurements rather than temperature measurements to obtain the performance

neg: Military discharge of military service. Medical retirees are transferred to the Retired Reserve with the same retired pay and benefits as 20+ year retirees. Medically retired personnel are not subject to recall to active duty. Entry level separations, or uncharacterized discharge, are given to individuals who separate prior to completing 180 days of military service, or when discharge action was initiated prior to 180 days of service. This type of discharge does not attempt to characterize service as good or bad. However, this type of discharge often attaches a "reason" such as pregnancy, performance in training or medical issues. To receive an

neg: Neuné of the river. The average interannual flow rate, or discharge of the river at Laveline-devant-Bruyères is . The Neuné exhibits moderate seasonal fluctuations in flow rate. The high-water period occurs in the winter season, with average monthly instantaneous flow rates varying between from November to March inclusive, with an overall maximum in March and a secondary maximum in January. From April onwards, the flow rate drops off quickly and continues until the low-water period, which occurs from July to September, with minimum monthly average instantaneous flow rate going down to in August, still a comfortable flow for a small river.

neg: Against medical advice Against medical advice Against medical advice (AMA), sometimes known as discharge against medical advice (DAMA), is a term used in health care institutions when a patient leaves a hospital against the advice of their doctor. While leaving before a medically specified endpoint may not promote the patient's health above their other values, there is widespread ethical and legal consensus that competent patients (or their authorized surrogates) are entitled to decline recommended treatment. The available data suggests that in general, patients discharged AMA have an increased risk of hospital readmission, and potentially death. This data however, describes groups of patients discharged

neg: SSAFA the world who give local support. SSAFA Norton Homes in Selly Oak, Birmingham, and Headley Court, Surrey provide home-from-home accommodation for families visiting wounded injured or sick service or ex-service personnel and outpatients. SSAFA also provides day-to-day management of Fisher House UK at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham (QEHB). SSAFA’s mentoring scheme was set up in 2011 and supports those transitioning out of the Army or RAF due to medical discharge. SSAFA’s volunteer mentors provide support to wounded, injured and sick service leavers through a long-term 'one-to-one' relationship that underpins the transition from the military. SSAFA Mentoring is nationally accredited

neg: Quaker Run (Shamokin Creek tributary) from the Mid Valley Discharge in the North Branch Shamokin Creek watershed disappears into a mine pool due to infiltration and reappears in the watershed of Quaker Run. The Scott Ridge Mine Tunnel Discharge is in the watershed of Quaker Run, as are the Colbert Mine Breach Discharge and the Maysville Mine Borehole Discharge. Most of the stream's flow comes from these three discharges. However, it also receives flow from the Borough of Kulpmont Wastewater Treatment Plant. Wal-Mart Stores Inc. has an NPDES permit to discharge stormwater into the stream in Coal Township. Raw sewage has at times been discharged

neg: Orifice plate calculated for compressible gases using empirically determined formulae as shown below in computation. For smaller values of β (such as restriction plates with β less than 0.25 and discharge from tanks), if the fluid is compressible, the rate of flow depends on whether the flow has become choked. If it is, then the flow may be calculated as shown at choked flow (although the flow of real gases through thin-plate orifices never becomes fully choked). By using a mechanical energy balance, compressible fluid flow in un-choked conditions may be calculated as: formula_28 or formula_29 Under choked flow conditions, the fluid

neg: Stream competency A = Cross-sectional area of stream As velocity increases, so does stream power, and a larger stream power corresponds to an increased ability to move bed load particles. In order for sediment transport to occur in gravel bed channels, flow strength must exceed a critical threshold, called the critical threshold of entrainment, or threshold of mobility. Flow over the surface of a channel and floodplain creates a boundary shear stress field. As discharge increases, shear stress increases above a threshold and starts the process of sediment transport. A comparison of the flow strength available during a given discharge to the

neg: Radionuclide cisternogram Radionuclide cisternogram A radionuclide cisternogram is a medical imaging study which involves injecting a radionuclide by lumbar puncture (spinal tap) into a patient's cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) to determine if there is abnormal CSF flow within the brain and spinal canal which can be altered by hydrocephalus, Arnold–Chiari malformation, syringomyelia, or an arachnoid cyst. It may also evaluate a suspected leak (also known as a CSF fistula) from the CSF cavity into the nasal cavity. A leak can also be confirmed by the presence of beta-2 transferrin in fluid collected from the nose before this more invasive procedure is performed.

neg: Nipple discharge Nipple discharge Nipple discharge is the release of fluid from the nipples of the breasts. Abnormal nipple discharge may be described as any discharge not associated with lactation. The nature of the discharge may range in color, consistency and composition, and occur in one or both breasts. Although it is considered normal in a wide variety of circumstances it is the third major reason involving the breasts for which women seek medical attention, after breast lumps and breast pain. It is also known to occur in adolescent boys and girls going through puberty. Nipple discharge may be milk as a

neg: Sleeve valve (water) or pipe so that no erosion damage to the piping can take place. There are three main types of sleeve valves: inline, angle pattern and downflow pattern. Inline sleeve valve can be installed in the pipeline or at the end of the pipeline for free discharge. Inline sleeve valve have an inlet section which allows upstream media to flow into an outer annular area. The flow then takes a 90° turn through the sleeve and collides with flow from the opposite side dissipating the energy. The flow then travels downstream through an exit spool on the downstream end. The angle

neg: Discharge (hydrology) Discharge (hydrology) In hydrology, discharge is the volumetric flow rate of water that is transported through a given cross-sectional area. It includes any suspended solids (e.g. sediment), dissolved chemicals (e.g. CaCO), or biologic material (e.g. diatoms) in addition to the water itself. Synonyms vary by discipline. For example, a fluvial hydrologist studying natural river systems may define discharge as streamflow, whereas an engineer operating a reservoir system might define discharge as outflow, which is contrasted with inflow. GH Dury and MJ Bradshaw are two hydrologists who devised the models showing the relationship between discharge and other variables in a river.

neg: White box system White box system A white box system is a mechanical system installed in the engine room of a ship for controlling and monitoring the engine room bilge water discharge from the vessel. The system consists of all vital components for monitoring and controlling the discharge from the vessel's oily water separator. The white box includes a stainless steel cage with a locked door. The bilge water from the oily water separator is pumped through the white box and analyzed by an oil content meter. A flow switch secures that there is flow through the oil content meter and a flow

neg: Orthopedic cast large size and extreme immobilization some casts, particularly those used in or before the 1970s, the popular term full body cast is something of a misnomer. The popular and media-driven conception of a massive cast encasing all four limbs, the trunk, and the head – sometimes leaving only small slits for the eyes, nose, and mouth – is a true rarity in recorded medical history, and this type of large scale cast appears more commonly in various Hollywood movies and on television shows. The term body cast (or full body cast) is sometimes casually used by laymen to describe any

neg: Coffin corner (aerodynamics) losing lift due to flow separation and shock waves, any increase in speed will cause the airplane to lose lift, or to pitch heavily nose-down, and lose altitude. The "corner" refers to the triangular shape at the top of a flight envelope chart where the stall speed and critical Mach number are within a few knots of each other. The speed where they meet is the ceiling of the aircraft. This is distinct from the same term used for helicopters when outside the auto-rotation envelope as seen in the height-velocity diagram. Consideration of statics shows that when a fixed-wing aircraft

neg: Military discharge honorable discharge, a service member must have received a rating from good to excellent for his or her service. Service members who meet or exceed the required standards of duty performance and personal conduct, and who complete their tours of duty, normally receive honorable discharges. However, one need not complete a term of service to receive an honorable discharge, provided the reason for involuntary discharge is not due to misconduct. For instance, service members rendered physically or psychologically incapable of performing assigned duties normally have their service characterized as honorable, regardless of whether they incurred the condition or disability in

neg: Combined sewer stage-discharge or pressure differential-discharge relationships which may be either predicted or calibrated to divert flows in excess of sewage treatment plant capacity. A leaping weir may be used as a regulating device allowing typical dry-weather sewage flow rates to fall into an interceptor sewer to the sewage treatment plant, but causing a major portion of higher flow rates to leap over the interceptor into the diversion outfall. Alternatively, an orifice may be sized to accept the sewage treatment plant design capacity and cause excess flow to accumulate above the orifice until it overtops a side-overflow weir to the diversion outfall.

neg: Nosebleed Nosebleed A nosebleed, also known as epistaxis ( ), is the common occurrence of bleeding from the nose. It is usually noticed when blood drains out through the nostrils. There are two types: anterior (the most common), and posterior (less common, more likely to require medical attention). Sometimes in more severe cases, the blood can come up the nasolacrimal duct and out from the eye. Fresh blood and clotted blood can also flow down into the stomach and cause nausea and vomiting. Although the sight of large amounts of blood can be alarming and may warrant medical attention, nosebleeds are

neg: Rotary dryer lifted up by a series of internal fins lining the inner wall of the dryer. When the material gets high enough to roll back off the fins, it falls back down to the bottom of the dryer, passing through the hot gas stream as it falls. This gas stream can either be moving toward the discharge end from the feed end (known as co-current flow), or toward the feed end from the discharge end (known as counter-current flow). The gas stream can be made up of a mixture of air and combustion gases from a burner, in which case the

neg: Canada Alamosa, New Mexico year-round flow of water. The total volume of the total discharge is about 2000 gallons of water a minute at a temperature of about 85 degrees Fahrenheit. The discharge of water continues down the canyon being replenished by other streamside springs After about 12 miles the entire creek flow is gathered into a ditch which is used to irrigate small farming plots along the river for about 6 miles to present day Monticello. As the water is used for irrigation, its flow diminishes, and shortly after Monticello, the flow becomes non-existent. From this point Alamosa Creek returns to a dry

neg: Stream gauge measurement is additionally used as a surrogate, an index velocity determination is conducted. This analysis uses a velocity sensor, often either magnetic or acoustic, to measure the velocity of the flow at a particular location in the stream cross section. Once again, discrete measurements of streamflow discharge are made by the technician or hydrologist at a variety of stages. For each discrete determination of streamflow discharge, the mean velocity of the cross section is determined by dividing streamflow discharge by the cross-sectional area. A rating curve, similar to that used for stage-discharge determinations, is constructed using the mean velocity and

neg: Pulsed discharge ionization detector Pulsed discharge ionization detector A pulsed discharge ionization detector (pulsed discharge detector) is a detector for gas chromatography that utilizes a stable, low powered, pulsed DC discharge in helium as an ionization source. Eluants from the GC column, flowing counter to the flow of helium from the discharge zone, are ionized by photons from the helium discharge. Bias electrode(s) focus the resulting electrons toward the collector electrode, where they cause changes in the standing current which are quantified as the detector output. In the electron capture mode, the PDD is a selective detector for monitoring high electron affinity compounds such

neg: Flow measurement flow rate which can be integrated into volumetric flow. There are two types of area velocity flow meter: (1) wetted; and (2) non-contact. Wetted area velocity sensors have to be typically mounted on the bottom of a channel or river and use Doppler to measure the velocity of the entrained particles. With depth and a programmed cross-section this can then provide discharge flow measurement. Non-contact devices that use laser or radar are mounted above the channel and measure the velocity from above and then use ultrasound to measure the depth of the water from above. Radar devices can only measure