query: who does the uk bribery act apply to

pos: Bribery Act 2010 the case of an offence committed by a partnership, Section 15 provides that the prosecution must be brought in the name of the partnership and not in the name of any of the partners. Under Section 16, the Act applies to servants of the crown, while Section 17 repeals all previous common law and statutory offences relating to bribery, replacing them with provisions of the Act. Section 18 provides that the Act applies to England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland; while the separate consent of the Scottish Parliament is usually required in such cases, as is made clear in

pos: Feminism in the United Kingdom Equality Act 2006, and other legislation such as rulings by the European Court of Justice. The Act did not apply in Northern Ireland, however The Sex Discrimination Gender Reassignment Regulations (Northern Ireland) 1999 does. The Act was repealed in full by the Equality Act 2010. The United Kingdom signed the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women in 1981 and ratified it in 1986. Female genital mutilation was outlawed in the UK by the Prohibition of Female Circumcision Act 1985, which made it an offence to perform FGM on children or adults. When Margaret Thatcher (who

pos: Hunting Act 2004 two years earlier by the Protection of Wild Mammals (Scotland) Act 2002. Such hunting remains permitted by the law in Northern Ireland, where the Act does not apply. Several UK laws on animal welfare, such as the Protection of Animals Act 1911, the Protection of Badgers Act 1992 and the Wild Mammals (Protection) Act 1996 contained specific exemptions for hunting activities, thereby preventing prosecutions of other hunts activities that might otherwise have been considered cruel. Many earlier attempts had been made to ban hunting. Two private member's bills to ban, or restrict, hunting were introduced in 1949, but one was

pos: Serious Fraud Office (United Kingdom) questions including ones about confidential matters. The SFO is the principal enforcer of the Bribery Act 2010, which has been designed to encourage good corporate governance and enhance the reputation of the City of London and the UK as a safe place to do business. Its jurisdiction does not extend to Scotland where fraud and corruption are investigated by Police Scotland through their Specialist Crime Division, and prosecutions are undertaken by the Economic Crime Unit of the Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service. During the 1970s and early 1980s a series of financial scandals in the City of London destroyed

pos: Information Commissioner's Office is higher, for breaching data protection laws. In 2005 the Commissioner's role was expanded to include enforcement of the Freedom of Information Act 2000 and Environmental Information Regulations 2004 and the name of the position was changed from Data Protection Commissioner to Information Commissioner ('IC'). Enforcement of the Freedom of Information (Scotland) Act 2002, which applies to devolved public authorities in Scotland is the responsibility of the Scottish Information Commissioner, a separate public official, as the UK Act does not apply to these authorities. In November 2011 the ICO was given the powers to impose monetary penalties of up to

pos: Universities in the United Kingdom after the Browne Review in 2010 led by the former CEO of oil corporation BP plc. In 2017, the limit on fees was £9,250 for students in England, £9000 in Wales, and £3,805 in Northern Ireland. The same rates apply for European Union students, who cannot be discriminated against under EU law. By contrast, under the Scotland Act 1998, the Scottish government resolved not to introduce tuition fees for students under 25. Under EU law, while the UK Parliament does not abolish tuition fees, that English students are charged tuition fees in Scottish universities while EU students may not be,

pos: United Kingdom enterprise law the former CEO of oil corporation BP plc. In 2017, the limit on fees was £9,250 for students in England, £9000 in Wales, and £3,805 in Northern Ireland. The same rates apply for European Union students, who cannot be discriminated against under EU law (e.g. "Commission v Austria" (2005) C-147/03). By contrast, under the Scotland Act 1998, the Scottish government resolved not to introduce tuition fees for students under 25. Under EU law, while the UK Parliament does not abolish tuition fees, that English students are charged tuition fees in Scottish universities while EU students may not be, because non-discrimination

pos: Grey seal gray seals in southeastern Massachusetts coastal waters was made in 2011 by the National Marine Fisheries Service. Also grey seals are seen increasingly in New York and New Jersey waters, and it is expected that they will establish colonies further south. In the UK seals are protected under the Conservation of Seals Act 1970, however it does not apply to Northern Ireland. In the UK there have also been calls for a cull from some fishermen, claiming that stocks have declined due to the seals. The population in the Baltic Sea has increased about 8% per year between 1990 and

pos: Defamation Act 2013 court does not have jurisdiction to hear and determine any action, unless the court is satisfied that, of all the places in which the statement complained of has been published, England and Wales is clearly the most appropriate. A person is domiciled in the United Kingdom or in another member state if the person is domiciled there for the purposes of the Brussels Regulation. At the behest of Finance Minister Sammy Wilson, the Northern Ireland Assembly refused to approve the new Defamation Act, meaning the old UK laws still apply there. Proponents of the law and Irish authors have warned

pos: Sexual orientation and gender identity in military service patron in the very highest echelons of the Armed Forces, the Army LGBT boasting Lieutenant General James Everard Since March 2014, UK military same-sex couples can get married (as well as UK civilians), under the Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013. This law does not apply to Northern Ireland only. Homosexuals are allowed to serve openly in the United States military. Military policy and legislation had previously entirely prohibited gay individuals from serving, and subsequently from serving openly, but these prohibitions were ended in September 2011 after the U.S. Congress voted to repeal the policy. The first time homosexuals were

pos: Fraud pecuniary advantage and other offences that were created under the Theft Act 1978. In Scots law, fraud is covered under the common law and a number of statutory offences. The main fraud offences are common law fraud, uttering, embezzlement and statutory frauds. The Fraud Act 2006 does not apply in Scotland. The Serious Fraud Office (United Kingdom) is an arm of the Government of the United Kingdom, accountable to the Attorney-General. The National Fraud Authority (NFA) was, until 2014, a government agency co-ordinating the counter-fraud response in the UK. Cifas is a British fraud prevention service, a not-for-profit membership organisation

pos: Same-sex unions and military policy couples can get married (as well as UK civilians), under the Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013. This law does not apply to Northern Ireland. On 9 December 2017 same-sex marriage was officially legalized throughout Australia. From 1 July 2009 couples of any sex have "de facto" the same legal rights and benefits as married couples. The Australian Defence Force policies on couples of any sex follow a directive from the Minister of Defense of 1 January 2010 that enforces the terms of the "Same-Sex Relationships (Equal Treatment in Commonwealth Laws—Superannuation) Act 2008". Same-sex unions and military policy The topic

pos: Legitimacy law in England and Wales Legitimacy law in England and Wales Legitimacy law in England and Wales is governed by the pertinent legislation (Legitimacy Act 1926, Legitimacy Act 1959, Family Law Reform Act 1987) and by case law. Section 2 of the Legitimacy Act 1976 provides as follows: Extract from Hershman McFarlane Section A.5 While children who are born to parents who are unmarried at the time of birth but subsequently marry are thereby made legitimate, this does not apply to the succession to the British throne. The Legitimacy Act 1926, s 10(1) says, "Nothing in this Act shall affect the Succession to any dignity

pos: Civil partnership in the United Kingdom may also apply for residence or contact orders. Further, the right to apply for financial provision for children under schedule 1 of the 1989 act was extended to civil partners. Adoption provisions were amended to treat civil partners the same as married couples in Britain, although this does not apply to Northern Ireland at 18 November 2011. The Northern Ireland Adoption law is due to go to the judicial review in December 2011. The Act also amended other areas to equalise the position of civil partners. Such areas included matters relating to housing, tenancies and the Fatal Accidents Act 1976.

pos: Forfeiture Act 1870 possessions to the Crown. The offence of "praemunire", which was also punished with forfeiture, was not treason or felony but only a misdemeanour, and so the Act did not apply to it. Forfeiture Act 1870 The Forfeiture Act 1870 (c. 23) is a British Act of Parliament that abolished the automatic forfeiture of goods and land as a punishment for treason and felony. It does not apply to Scotland. Although mostly repealed today, section 2 remains in force and states that anyone convicted of treason shall be disqualified from holding public office, shall lose his right to vote in elections

neg: Bribery Act 2010 acted improperly as a result; this is a distinction between the Act and the Anti-Bribery Convention. The offence under Section 6 only applies to the briber, and not to the official who receives or agrees to receive such a bribe. Section 7 creates the "broad and innovatory offence" of the failure of commercial organisations to prevent bribery on their behalf. This applies to all commercial organisations which have business in the UK. Unlike corporate manslaughter, this does not only apply to the organisation itself; individuals and employees may also be found guilty. The offence is one of strict liability, with

neg: Integrity management the Bribery Act 2010 which was enacted into law on 8 April and defines three discrete criminal offences: offering or paying a bribe; requesting or receiving a bribe; bribing a foreign public official. (A specific offence required to comply with the OECD Convention mentioned above); and a new corporate offence of failing to prevent bribery being undertaken on its behalf. The Act applies to UK companies, UK partnerships, UK citizens and individuals ordinarily resident in the UK, regardless of where the relevant act occurs. They also apply to non-UK nationals, companies, and partnerships if an act or omission forming part

neg: Bribery Act 2010 in the UK. For a prosecution in the latter case, the person must have a "close connection" to the UK, which includes being a British citizen, resident or protected person, a company incorporated in the UK, or a Scottish partnership. Section 13 provides the only defence available with the general bribery offences—that the conduct was necessary for the proper functioning of the intelligence services or, when engaged in active service, the armed forces. Under Section 14, senior officers or directors in a company which commits a general bribery offence will also be liable for the purposes of the Act. In

neg: Bribery Act 2010 Start Guide, which highlights some key points of the Act. The Quick Start Guide also suggests companies to consult relevant bodies for advice, including the UK Trade and Investment, and the government sponsored Business Anti-Corruption Portal. In October 2011 Munir Patel, a clerk at Redbridge Magistrates Court, became the first person to be convicted under the Bribery Act, along with misconduct in a public office. Sections 1 to 5 of the Act cover "general bribery offences". The crime of bribery is described in Section 1 as occurring when a person offers, gives or promises to give a "financial or other

neg: UK immigration enforcement exception does apply, deportation may still be pursued. Section 33 of the Act details those who are exempt from the provisions of automatic deportation. There are certain exemptions: Illegal entrants fall into a number of types: Those absconding from port arrival areas are also technically illegally entrants but, when detected, may be dealt with under port arrival procedures for administrative convenience. Those returning to the UK in breach of an existing deportation order are also treated as illegal entrants. The powers to remove illegal entrants are found in paragraphs 9 or 10 of schedule 2 to the Immigration Act 1971.

neg: Crown dependencies and apply the same visa policy as the United Kingdom, but each Crown dependency has responsibility for its own customs and immigration services. Acts of the British Parliament do not usually apply to the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man, unless explicitly stated. UK legislation does not ordinarily extend to them without their consent. For a UK Act to extend otherwise than by an Order in Council is now very unusual. When deemed advisable, Acts of Parliament may be extended to the Islands by means of an Order in Council (thus giving the UK Government some responsibility for good

neg: Healthcare proxy health capacity advocate may be appointed under the Mental Capacity Act 2005; the provisions made in the same Act for a lasting power of attorney may also provide a satisfactory basis for providing care via an attorney, who does not require to be professionally qualified. Different arrangements apply elsewhere in the UK. Healthcare proxy In the field of medicine, a healthcare proxy (commonly referred to as HCP) is a document (legal instrument) with which a patient (primary individual) appoints an agent to legally make healthcare decisions on behalf of the patient, when the patient is incapable of making and executing

neg: External relations of the Isle of Man to the island is from air and sea ports in either the UK or Ireland. Schedule 4 of the Immigration Act 1971 applies a reciprocal arrangement whereby foreign nationals legitimately present in the UK or a Crown dependency do not require any leave to travel to any other part of the British Islands. The Isle of Man, together with the Channel Islands, the UK, and the Republic of Ireland, form a Common Travel Area, which means there are no immigration controls imposed on those travelling inside the area. However, because the Immigration Act 1971 does not apply to the Republic

neg: Corporate governance corporations and executives convicted of bribery. The UK passed the Bribery Act in 2010. This law made it illegal to bribe either government or private citizens or make facilitating payments (i.e., payment to a government official to perform their routine duties more quickly). It also required corporations to establish controls to prevent bribery. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 was enacted in the wake of a series of high-profile corporate scandals. It established a series of requirements that affect corporate governance in the U.S. and influenced similar laws in many other countries. The law required, along with many other elements, that:

neg: The Companies (Model Articles) Regulations 2008 The Companies (Model Articles) Regulations 2008 The Companies (Model Articles) Regulations 2008 (SI 2008/3229) are the default company constitution for limited companies under UK company law. The Model Articles will apply to a limited company if it does not register its own articles or, if it does register them, they will apply to the extent that they are not modified by the Articles of the company. The new Model Articles came into force on 1 October 2009 and replaced the old Companies Act 1985 Table A Articles. There are no Model Articles for unlimited companies as these types of companies

neg: Travel Act laws which may not have analogous provisions at the Federal level. For example, some states have laws prohibiting commercial bribery (bribery which does not involve government officials), but there is no Federal statute which directly addresses this issue. However, travel or use of the mails in furtherance of violations of state commercial bribery laws can be prosecuted by the United States Department of Justice in Federal court. The definition of "unlawful activities" also includes certain specific violations of federal law, including money laundering offenses under the Money Laundering Control Act and violations of certain financial reporting requirements of the Bank

neg: Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act (1956) legal obligations of a Hindu to provide "maintenance" to various family members including their wife or wives, parents, and in-laws. This act applies to Hindus and all those considered under the umbrella term of Hindus, which includes: Persons who are Muslims, Christians, Parsis or Jews are excluded from this definition. The act does not also apply to adoptions that took place prior to the date of enactment. However, it does apply to any marriage that has taken place before or after the Act had come into force and Moreover, if the wife is not a Hindu then the husband is

neg: Tax while the latter taxes the beneficiaries of the estate. However, this distinction does not apply in other jurisdictions; for example, if using this terminology UK inheritance tax would be an estate tax. An expatriation tax is a tax on individuals who renounce their citizenship or residence. The tax is often imposed based on a deemed disposition of all the individual's property. One example is the United States under the "American Jobs Creation Act", where any individual who has a net worth of $2 million or an average income-tax liability of $127,000 who renounces his or her citizenship and leaves the

neg: Finance Act 1965 Finance Act 1965 The Finance Act 1965 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which introduced two major new UK taxes. Corporation tax created a separate system for taxing the income of corporations, where previously they had paid income tax in the same way as private individuals. Capital gains tax is charged on the disposal of assets, and is based on any "real gain" made from the disposal. If the income comes within income tax, capital gains is not chargeable. Capital gains tax does not apply to corporations, but an identical provision, known as chargeable gains, is

neg: Law of the United Kingdom dependencies. Residents of the dependencies do not have representation in the UK parliament. UK law does not apply to the dependencies unless explicitly stated, and such laws are almost always executed by the monarch in the form of an Order in Council. Whether the UK parliament retains the power to pass laws against the will of the local governments is disputed, and was tested with the Marine, &c., Broadcasting (Offences) Act 1967. Legal cases may be appealed to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. Residents are treated the same as residents of the UK for the purposes of British

neg: Right of abode (United Kingdom) only legally recognised documents proving an individual's right of abode in the UK are the following: An individual who has the right of abode in the UK but does not have or is ineligible for such a British passport can apply for a certificate of entitlement to be affixed inside his/her other passport or travel document. For example, a US citizen who has naturalised as a British citizen can apply for a certificate of entitlement to be affixed inside his or her US passport to prove that he or she is free from immigration restrictions in the UK, rather than

neg: Family Building Society satisfied to obtain the mortgage. Firstly, the applicant must be able to make a 5 percent deposit and, secondly, this must be backed up by their relatives who must have put enough money in their accounts to cover at least 25% of the purchase price and the family's deposits act as security for the loan. Because the purpose of the deposits is to be security for the mortgage, the protection afforded by the Financial Services Compensation Scheme does not apply. Family is the first UK building society to include a payment waiver product, offered in conjunction with CUNA Mutual Group,

neg: Farmworker First, labor laws that apply are not always enforced for agricultural workers. The National Labor Relations Act of 1935, for example, which protects most workers who organize and form trade unions from employer retaliation (e.g., the firing of workers for trying to join a union) and sets up a framework for unions and employers to negotiate in good faith, does not extend to farm workers Similarly, the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, which sets minimum wage and overtime pay requirements does not apply to farm labor. In 1966, the minimum wage requirement, but not the overtime pay, was extended

neg: Bribery Act 2010 Bribery Act 2010 The Bribery Act 2010 (c.23) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that covers the criminal law relating to bribery. Introduced to Parliament in the Queen's Speech in 2009 after several decades of reports and draft bills, the Act received the Royal Assent on 8 April 2010 following cross-party support. Initially scheduled to enter into force in April 2010, this was changed to 1 July 2011. The Act repeals all previous statutory and common law provisions in relation to bribery, instead replacing them with the crimes of bribery, being bribed, the bribery of foreign

neg: Compass Group and money laundering relating to claims he had taken $1m in bribes from companies doing business with the UN. The rivals firms who made the allegations of bribery were Es-Ko and Switzerland's Supreme Foodservice AG (Supreme was later investigated, fined and blacklisted by the US DoJ for 'price fixing' on US DoD contracts in Afghanistan). Officials initiated lawsuits claiming violation of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) Act, the Sherman Antitrust Act and New York State's Donnelly Act regulating free trade. Federal investigations were held and the case was referred to the Serious Fraud Office (UK). The lawsuits, in

neg: Bribery Act 2010 no need to prove any kind of intention or positive action. It is also one of vicarious liability; a commercial organisation can be guilty of the offence if the bribery is carried out by an employee, an agent, a subsidiary, or another third-party, as found in Section 8. The location of the third-party is irrelevant to the prosecution— according to David Aaronberg and Nichola Higgins in the "Archbold Review", "therefore, a German business with retail outlets in the UK which pays a bribe in Spain could, in theory at least, face prosecution in the UK". Under Section 7(2), the commercial

neg: Military Commissions Act of 2006 does not apply to alien enemy combatants engaged in hostilities against the United States, and that the provisions of the Act removing habeas corpus do not apply to United States citizens; they conclude that therefore the law does not conflict with the Constitution. National Review columnist Andrew McCarthy argued that since the law applies to "aliens with no immigration status who are captured and held outside the territorial jurisdiction of the United States, and whose only connection to our country is to wage a barbaric war against it" they do not have a constitutional right to habeas corpus. McCarthy also

neg: Anti-corruption of the OECD working group on bribery and ratified the Anti-Bribery Convention, but faced significant problems in complying to its findings and the convention. It was severely affected by the Al-Yamamah arms deal, in which the British company BAE Systems faced allegations of having bribed members of the Saudi royal family to facilitate an arms deal. British prosecution of BAE Systems was stopped after an intervention by than Prime Minister Tony Blair, which caused the OECD working group to criticize the British anti-corruption laws and investigations. The UK Bribery Act of 2010 came into force on July 1, 2011, and

neg: Beverley (UK Parliament constituency) agents were imprisoned and Parliament passed a new Bribery Act as a result. Between 1857 and 1868 six petitions were lodged against election results, of which three succeeded in voiding the election and unseating one or more of the victors. After the 1868 election, the writ for the borough was suspended and a Royal Commission appointed to inquire into the conduct of elections in Beverley; when it reported that it had found proof of extensive bribery, an Act of Parliament was passed permanently depriving Beverley of the right to return Members of Parliament, abolishing the constituency and incorporating it within

neg: Ireland Act 1949 several purposes: The effects of the Acts various subsections are as follows: The Ireland Act was also used by the United Kingdom to "repair an omission in the British Nationality Act, 1948". The British Nationality Act included provisions dealing specifically with the position of "a person who was a British subject and a citizen of Eire on 31st December, 1948". Because of this, how the British law would apply was dependent on a question of Irish law, namely, who was a "citizen of Eire"? The UK Government seriously misunderstood the position under Irish law. The UK Secretary of State for

neg: Bribery Act 2010 The current membership is as follows: Bribery Act 2010 The Bribery Act 2010 (c.23) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that covers the criminal law relating to bribery. Introduced to Parliament in the Queen's Speech in 2009 after several decades of reports and draft bills, the Act received the Royal Assent on 8 April 2010 following cross-party support. Initially scheduled to enter into force in April 2010, this was changed to 1 July 2011. The Act repeals all previous statutory and common law provisions in relation to bribery, instead replacing them with the crimes of bribery,

neg: Universities in the United Kingdom because non-discrimination for free movement of citizens does not apply to internal domestic affairs. For English universities, the Higher Education Act 2004 enables the Secretary of State to set fee limits, while universities are meant to ensure "fair access" by drafting a "plan" for "equality of opportunity". There is no limit on international students fees, which have steadily risen to typically around double. A system of student loans is available for UK students through the government owned Student Loans Company. Means-tested grants were also available, but abolished for students who began university after August 2016. While EU students qualify for

neg: United Kingdom enterprise law for free movement of citizens does not apply to internal domestic affairs. For English universities, the Higher Education Act 2004 enables the Secretary of State to set fee limits, while universities are meant to ensure "fair access" by drafting a "plan" for "equality of opportunity". There is no limit on international students fees, which have steadily risen to typically around double. A system of student loans is available for UK students through the government owned Student Loans Company. Means-tested grants were also available, but abolished for students who began university after August 2016. While EU students qualify for the same

neg: British Nationality Act 1948 the British Nationality Act 1981 with effect from 1 January 1983. The only significant provision of the Act to survive today is section 3, which concerns the extra-territorial jurisdiction of the criminal courts over crimes committed by British subjects overseas. Generally, British criminal law does not apply to things done overseas, but there are some exceptions for acts done abroad by British subjects, such as murder. Section 3 restricted the scope of this jurisdiction to CUKCs (except in respect of crimes that would be against UK law even if committed by aliens). This was necessary so that, for example, a

neg: Mass surveillance in the United Kingdom Parliament passed the Data Retention and Investigatory Powers Act in July 2014 to ensure the police and security services retained their existing powers to access telephone and internet records. No additional powers were granted by the legislation, but it did make clear that the requirements also apply to foreign companies, based abroad, whose telephone and internet services are used in the UK. The data being retained does not include the content of messages and telephone calls, just metadata describing when and who the users contacted by email, telephone, or text message. In circumstances when the Home Secretary issues a warrant

neg: 187 (slang) "the unlawful killing of a human being, or a fetus, with malice aforethought." Subdivision (b) states that subdivision (a) does not apply to any person who commits an act that results in the death of a fetus if any of the following apply: (1) The act complied with certain Health and Safety Code sections (the California Therapeutic Abortion Act) or (2) The act was committed by a holder of a physician's and surgeon's certificate, in a case where, to a medical certainty, the result of childbirth would be death of the mother of the fetus or where her death from

neg: Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction defined by the National Defense Authorization Act of 2008. SIGAR's Special Agents investigate crimes involving federal procurement fraud, contract fraud, theft, corruption, bribery of government employees and public officials, and a variety of civil matters pertaining to waste and abuse of U.S. taxpayer dollars. SIGAR's Special Projects team was created to examine emerging issues and deliver prompt, actionable reports to federal agencies and the Congress. Special Project's reports cover a wide range of programs and activities and the office is made up of auditors, analysts, investigators, lawyers, subject-matter experts and other specialists who can quickly and jointly apply their expertise

neg: Fur Act the seller's primary income. Fur Act The Fur Products Labeling Act (15 U.S.C. § 69), otherwise known as the Fur Act, is a United States act banning the misbranding of fur products and requiring a name guide for fur products, among other things. The act does not apply to fur gained from trapping or hunting and does not apply to the face to face transactions between the customer and the seller, provided the seller trapped or hunted the animal the fur originated from, the location of sale is not the seller's own permanent business premises and that the income generated

neg: Fur Act Fur Act The Fur Products Labeling Act (15 U.S.C. § 69), otherwise known as the Fur Act, is a United States act banning the misbranding of fur products and requiring a name guide for fur products, among other things. The act does not apply to fur gained from trapping or hunting and does not apply to the face to face transactions between the customer and the seller, provided the seller trapped or hunted the animal the fur originated from, the location of sale is not the seller's own permanent business premises and that the income generated by sales is not

neg: Arbitration in Anguilla Arbitration in Anguilla Arbitration in Anguilla is regulated principally by the Arbitration Act (Cap A.105). The Arbitration Act is believed to be the shortest statute in Anguilla. The text of the statute, in its entirety, consists of: <poem> Arbitration Act (UK) to apply to Anguilla 1. The Arbitration Act (14 Geo. 6 c. 27) (UK) as amended from time to time shall be, and the same is hereby declared to be henceforth, in force in Anguilla, and all the provisions of the Act, so far as the same are applicable, shall mutatis mutandis apply to all proceedings relating to arbitration

neg: Private Cemeteries Act (Minnesota) for human dignity without reference to their ethnic origins, cultural backgrounds, or religious affiliations. The provisions of this section shall apply to all human burials, human remains, or human burial grounds found on or in all public or private lands or waters in Minnesota" Penalties for contraventions against the Act are detailed in Section 307.08 of the Act, and include: A person who intentionally, willfully, and knowingly does any of the following …: A person who, without the consent of the appropriate authority and the landowner, intentionally, willfully, and knowingly does any of the following: The Minnesota Office of the

neg: Commercial bribery Commercial bribery Commercial bribery is a form of bribery which involves corrupt dealing with the agents or employees of potential buyers to secure an advantage over business competitors. It is a form of corruption which does not necessarily involve government personnel or facilities. One common type of commercial bribery is the kickback. For example, a seller of goods or services from "Company A" who offers the purchasing manager of "Company B" a payment to his own account to help him secure a contract for Company B's continued business is engaging in a form of commercial bribery. Other related offenses are

neg: Commercial bribery most extensive state laws against commercial bribery in the United States, and includes prohibitions against bribing labor officials, fixing sports contests, and rent gouging. Commercial bribery Commercial bribery is a form of bribery which involves corrupt dealing with the agents or employees of potential buyers to secure an advantage over business competitors. It is a form of corruption which does not necessarily involve government personnel or facilities. One common type of commercial bribery is the kickback. For example, a seller of goods or services from "Company A" who offers the purchasing manager of "Company B" a payment to his own

neg: International asset recovery and where a Party's legal system does not provide criminal liability for companies, the Party must apply effective, proportionate and dissuasive non-criminal sanctions to them. Furthermore, countries must facilitate mutual legal assistance and cannot invoke "bank secrecy" to deny mutual legal assistance. While the OECD Convention is important in the sense that it creates the obligation for state parties to criminalize the bribery of foreign public officials, it does not directly consider the recovery of proceeds of corruption. United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2003) The United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized came into force on September 29, 2003

neg: Felony disenfranchisement prohibitions from voting are codified in section 3 and 3A of the Representation of the People Act 1983. Excluded are incarcerated criminals (including those sentenced by courts-martial, those unlawfully at large from such sentences, and those committed to psychiatric institutions as a result of a criminal court sentencing process). Civil prisoners sentenced (for non-payment of fines, or contempt of court, for example), and those on remand unsentenced retain the right to vote. The UK is subject to Europe-wide rules due to various treaties and agreements associated with its membership of the European Community. The Act does not apply to elections

neg: Employment Standards Act of British Columbia considered of no force and effect, unless the agreement in question is referred to in s. 3(2) or (4). The purposes of this Act are as follows: The Act applies to all employees other than those excluded by regulation. "Employee" includes: Federally regulated employers (for example, banks, broadcasting, rail transportation, and postal contractors) are governed by the Canada Labour Code. There are also some specific exemptions: In addition, if a "collective agreement" deals with: then corresponding provisions of the Act do not apply. If the collective agreement does not deal with these topics, this Act does apply. "Managers" are exempt

neg: UK immigration enforcement 2 of the Immigration Act 1971. Where a person is removed from the UK, they can still make an application to return to the UK, but under new immigration rules introduced in October 2008, a person who has been removed from the UK may not apply for a visa for a period of 1,5 or 10 years, depending on whether they voluntarily left or were removed. Deportation is the lawful expulsion of an undesirable alien, usually following a criminal conviction but also in cases where there are grounds "conducive to the public good". Section 5 of the Immigration Act 1971—provides

neg: Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act of 1988 of the reason for shortening the notice requirement in addition to fulfilling other notice information requirements. These three exceptions are: Exceptions are often claimed by employers in bankruptcy cases, and bankruptcy courts must often determine how the WARN Act applies. Generally, the WARN Act's requirements and penalties apply when an employer continues to run the business in bankruptcy, rather than close the business, and also when an employer plans a closing or mass layoff before filing bankruptcy. The WARN Act does not apply to a trustee in bankruptcy whose sole function is to close the business. An employer who violates

neg: Serious Fraud Office (United Kingdom) the Criminal Justice Act 1987. It opened for business in April 1988. The SFO also enforces the UK Bribery Act 2010. The Al-Yamamah arms deal during the 1980s was a large scale aircraft and weapons deal between the UK and Saudi Arabia. It was extended throughout the 1990s and saw thousands of UK citizens living and working in Saudi Arabia representing £40bn worth of business. BAE Systems Plc was the primary contractor. In 2004 the SFO began to investigate the contracts within the al-Yamamah deal on the grounds of suspected false accounting, but the investigation was controversially dropped in 2006.

neg: Dorsey v. United States Dorsey v. United States Dorsey v. United States, 567 U.S. 260 (2012), is a Supreme Court of the United States decision in which the Court held that reduced mandatory minimum sentences for "crack cocaine" under the Fair Sentencing Act of 2010 does apply to defendants who committed a crime before the Act went into effect but who were sentenced after that date. The Act's silence on how to apply its new rules, before the effective date or not, caused a split among the Justices on how to interpret its new lenient provisions. Specifically, the case centered on Edward Dorsey, a

neg: Bribery bribery in the case of international business. The DOJ has used the Travel Act, 18 USC Section 1952 to prosecute bribery. Under the Travel Act, it is against the law, domestically and internationally, to utilize‘the mail or any facility in interstate or foreign commerce’ with intent to ‘promote, manage, establish, carry on, or facilitate the promotion, management, establishment or carrying on, of any unlawful activity’. Bribery Bribery is the act of giving or receiving something of value in exchange for some kind of influence or action in return, that the recipient would otherwise not alter. Bribery is defined by "Black's

neg: Patient Self-Determination Act Patient Self-Determination Act The Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA) was passed by the United States Congress in 1990 as an amendment to the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990. Effective on December 1, 1991, this legislation required many hospitals, nursing homes, home health agencies, hospice providers, health maintenance organizations (HMOs), and other health care institutions to provide information about advance health care directives to adult patients upon their admission to the healthcare facility. This law does not apply to individual physicians. Because the 1991 PSDA does not apply to individual physicians, private clinics and practices, most of which are incorporated for-profit

neg: Patriot Act explosives, or training to perform the terrorist act. The INA criteria for making a decision to designate an organization as a terrorist organization was amended to include the definition of a terrorist act. Though the amendments to these definitions are retroactive, it does not mean that it can be applied to members who joined an organization, but since left, before it was designated to be a terrorist organization under by the Secretary of State. The Act amended the INA to add new provisions enforcing mandatory detention laws. These apply to any alien who is engaged in terrorism, or who is

neg: Armed Forces Act 2011 Section 17 creates a new administrative measure of "Service Sexual Offences Prevention Order" (Service SOPO) by amending seven sections of AFA 2006. Service SOPOS are different from, but are designed to mirror, SOPOs as enabled by the Sexual Offences Act 2003. That Act did not apply outside the UK, and therefore SOPOs created under it could not be used to protect members of Service families based outside the UK. Section 22 amends schedule 15 of AFA 2006, which defines the categories of civilians who are subject to service discipline, and therefore are subject to jurisdiction of Service courts. The amendments

neg: Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985 up to 36 months. In the case of death of the former employee, the widow's coverage may continue for up to 36 months. COBRA does not apply, on the other hand, if employees lose their benefits coverage because the employer has terminated the plan altogether or if the employer has gone out of business. In cases where COBRA does not apply, some states have stepped in with state health insurance continuation laws, usually called "mini-COBRA" laws, which help employees continue their health insurance when federal COBRA does not apply. COBRA does not, unlike other federal statutes such as the Family

neg: National Labor Relations Act of 1935 Act does not apply to workers who are covered by the Railway Labor Act, agricultural employees, domestic employees, supervisors, federal, state or local government workers, independent contractors and some close relatives of individual employers. President Franklin Roosevelt signed the legislation into law on July 5, 1935. It also has its roots in a variety of different labor acts previously enacted: Under section 1 () of the Act, the key principles and policy findings on which the Act was based are explained. The Act aims to correct the "inequality of bargaining power between employees who, according to the Act's proponents, do

neg: Nationality law of Taiwan Article 9 does not apply to overseas Chinese holding foreign nationality who seek to exercise ROC nationality. Such persons do not need to naturalize because they are already legally ROC nationals. The Act does not restrict ROC nationals from becoming dual nationals of other countries. Dual nationals are however restricted by Article 20 from holding most public offices in Taiwan. Indeed, many immigrants to Taiwan give up their original nationality, obtain ROC nationality, then apply again for their original nationality—which some countries will restore, some after a waiting period. (Notably, the United States government has no such procedure.) This entire

neg: Bewdley (UK Parliament constituency) as a borough until the Reform Act, the corporation (and therefore the choice of its MP) was under the influence of one or other prominent local families. In the mid-17th century this control was exercised by the Foley family, but after they acquired a hold on nearby Droitwich (which elected two MPs) their interest in Bewdley seems to have waned – possibly because in Droitwich they were able to secure legal ownership of the voting rights, whereas in Bewdley they had to proceed by bribery. (In 1677, the Commons upheld a petition against Thomas Foley's election on grounds of bribery,

neg: National Labor Relations Act of 1935 people elected by a majority of the workforce have the right to become the exclusive representatives of workers in collective bargaining with the employer. The NLRA 1935 does not cover two main groups of employees: those working for the government, and in the railway or airline industries. Section 2(2) (29 USC §152(2)) states that the Act does not apply to employees of the "United States or any wholly owned Government corporation, or any Federal Reserve Bank, or any State or political subdivision thereof, or any person subject to the Railway Labor Act". Under section 19 (), people who have religious

neg: Occupiers' Liability Act 1984 which is owed to "persons other than [the occupier's] visitors", who will predominantly be trespassers but this also applies to anyone exercising rights under various statutes dealing with access to the countryside and anyone accessing a private right of way, but does not apply to anyone using a public right of way in which case the common law rules apply. Under Section 1(3) of the Act, the duty is owed when the occupier is aware of the danger, or has reasonable grounds to believe it exist, knows or has reasonable grounds to believe that the trespasser is near or may

neg: Business Anti-Corruption Portal and the World Bank. In addition, the BACP is the only externally cited tool for anti-corruption risk assessment in the UK Bribery Act 2010 Quick Start Guide. The BACP is listed in the UN Global Compact Anti-Corruption Tools Inventory as an effective resource to help companies address and implement the 10th principle: "Businesses should work against corruption in all its forms, including extortion and bribery." The Business Anti-Corruption Portal is funded by five European governments and the EU Commission. The five governments are: The BACP offers relevant business analysis of corruption risks and legislative framework in over 100 countries across

neg: Companies Act 2006 companies. A number of the changes brought about by the Act apply only to private companies. Significant changes include: The Act also seeks to promote greater shareholder involvement, and a number of new requirements are introduced for public companies, some of the provisions of which only apply to companies whose shares are listed on the main board of the London Stock Exchange (but, importantly, not to companies whose shares are listed on AIM). Companies Act 2006 The Companies Act 2006 (c 46) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which forms the primary source of UK company

neg: Public domain in the United States release their programs into the public domain. This interpretation is followed by the Copyright Office in 37 C.F.R. § 201.26. The Berne Convention Implementation Act of 1988 states in section twelve that the Act "does not provide copyright protection for any work that is in the public domain." The congressional committee report explains that this means simply that the Act does not apply retroactively. Although the only part of the act that does mention "public domain" does not speak to whether authors have the right to dedicate their work to the public domain, the remainder of the committee report does

neg: Charterparty Act (COGSA), and the UK Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1971 (which ratifies and incorporates the Hague-Visby Rules) do NOT apply to charterparties, but do apply to bills of lading (and similar documents such as ships delivery orders, or sea waybills). When a bill of lading is issued to a charterer by the shipowner, the question arises as to which is the dominant document. If a shipper returns a bill of lading to a carrier (perhaps as a pledge), the carrier will hold it only as a token of the pledge. In both USA and the UK, the COGSA

neg: Bribery Act 2010 in the first report of the Committee on Standards in Public Life established by John Major in 1994, and the Home Office published a draft consultation paper in 1997, discussing extending anti-bribery and anti-corruption law. This was followed by the Law Commission's report "Legislating the Criminal Code: Corruption" in 1998. The consultation paper and report coincided with mounting criticism from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, who felt that, despite the United Kingdom's ratification of the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention, its bribery laws were inadequate. A draft Bribery Bill was announced in the 2002 Queen's Speech, but was rejected by

neg: Game (hunting) Sundays or at night. Other (non-game birds) that are hunted for food in the UK are specified under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981. UK law defines game as including: Deer are not included in the definition, but similar controls provided to those in the Game Act apply to deer (from the Deer Act 1991). Deer hunted in the UK are: Other animals which are hunted in the UK include: Capercaillie are not currently hunted in the UK because of a recent decline in numbers and conservation projects towards their recovery. The ban is generally considered voluntary on private lands,

neg: Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act put in a child's mouth or childcare articles phthalates DINP, DIDP, and DnOP at levels higher than 0.1% on an interim basis until a report from the Chronic Hazard Advisory Panel (CHAP) is received, after which the CPSC can continue the prohibition by rule. CPSC General Counsel Falvey provided an advisory opinion on October 17, 2008 that the phthalate ban does not apply to children's footwear. Falvey provided an additional opinion on November 17, 2008 that the ban does not apply to wearing apparel, but does apply to toy costumes, bibs, sleepwear. Notably in its distinction from the lead ruling

neg: Paula Llewellyn to apply through a competitive selection process administered by the Public Service Commission. Notable cases the ODPP has been involved with during her tenure include the murder trial of Vybz Kartel, the extradition of Christopher Coke, and bribery charges against Trafigura Beheer. She received death threats over the Kartel case, and was under police protection for a period. Llewellyn oversaw the publication of Jamaica's first "Manual for Prosecutors" in 2016, a "compilation of directives and guidelines that provide clear instruction and guidance to Jamaican prosecutors" based on similar publications in the UK and Canada. She has frequently criticised the Jamaican

neg: Class action law. The project of "loi Hamon" of May 2013 aims to limit the class action to consumer and competition disputes. The law was passed on March 1, 2014. On November 1, 2005, Germany enacted the "Act on Model Case Proceedings in Disputes under Capital Markets Law (Capital Markets Model Case Act)" allowing sample proceedings to be brought before the courts in litigation arising from mass capital markets transactions. It does not apply to any other civil law proceeding. It is not like class actions in the United Statesit only applies to parties who have already filed suit and does not

neg: FTSE4Good Index chain labour standards and the countering of bribery. Academic research suggests that inclusion in or exclusion from the index does not significantly affect firms' behaviour, and that investors focusing on the indices do no worse on average than those who invest without regard to them. FTSE4Good Index The FTSE4Good Index is a series of ethical investment stock market indices launched in 2001 by the FTSE Group. A number of stock market indices are available, for example covering UK shares, US shares, European markets and Japan, with inclusion based on a range of corporate social responsibility criteria. Research for the indices

neg: Adoptive Couple v. Baby Girl Adoptive Couple v. Baby Girl Adoptive Couple v. Baby Girl, 570 U.S. ___ (2013), was a decision of the Supreme Court of the United States that held that several sections of the Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA) do not apply to Native American (Indian) biological fathers who are not custodians of an Indian child. The court held that the procedures required by the ICWA to end parental rights do not apply when the child has never lived with the father. Additionally, the requirement to make extra efforts to preserve the Indian family also does not apply, nor is the preferred

neg: Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1971 Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1971 The Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1971 is a United Kingdom Act of Parliament. It incorporates into English Law the Hague-Visby Rules which are to be found as the Schedule to the Act. The Act does not use the term "Hague-Visby Rules" as such; instead, the Rules are referred to in that Act as the ""Hague Rules As Amended"". Under Article X, the Rules apply if: If the Rules apply, the entire text of Rules is incorporated into the contract of carriage as a "statutory contract", and any attempt to exclude the

neg: Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1971 Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1971 The Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1971 is a United Kingdom Act of Parliament. It incorporates into English Law the Hague-Visby Rules which are to be found as the Schedule to the Act. The Act does not use the term "Hague-Visby Rules" as such; instead, the Rules are referred to in that Act as the ""Hague Rules As Amended"". Under Article X, the Rules apply if: If the Rules apply, the entire text of Rules is incorporated into the contract of carriage as a "statutory contract", and any attempt to exclude the

neg: Lords Spiritual among the Lords Spiritual during the ten years (18 May 2015 – 18 May 2025) following the Act coming into force, the vacancy has to be filled by a woman, if one is eligible. This does not apply to the sees of Canterbury, York, London, Durham and Winchester. The presence of the Lords Spiritual in the House of Lords has been criticised for being an outdated and non-democratic system by some media commentators and organisations. The British Humanist Association said it was "unacceptable" that "the UK is the only Western democracy to give religious representatives the automatic right to sit

neg: Standard scale these are generally in line with the Guernsey scale. Sark has its own standard scale, which is normally maintained at the same levels as Guernsey's. The Isle of Man uses the UK standard scale, but only in respect of Acts of Parliament that extend to the Isle of Man. It does not apply to Acts of Tynwald, which instead include specified amounts within the legislation. "Above amounts ." Schedule 1 to the Interpretation Act 1978 defines "the standard scale" for each United Kingdom jurisdiction with reference to the following statutes. The "statutory maximum", which is the maximum fine which can

neg: Bribery Act 2010 commercial organisation failing to prevent bribery is punishable by an unlimited fine. In addition, a convicted individual or organisation may be subject to a confiscation order under the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002, while a company director who is convicted may be disqualified under the Company Directors Disqualification Act 1986. The scope of the Act's provisions is set out in Section 12. For someone to fall within the Act's purview, they must have either committed a crime inside the United Kingdom, or acted outside of the United Kingdom in a way which would have constituted a crime had it happened

neg: Email marketing with prior agreement of the recipient; this does not apply to business email addresses. The directive has since been incorporated into the laws of member states. In the UK it is covered under the Privacy and Electronic Communications (EC Directive) Regulations 2003 and applies to all organizations that send out marketing by some form of electronic communication. The CAN-SPAM Act of 2003 was passed by Congress as a direct response to the growing number of complaints over spam emails. Congress determined that the US government was showing an increased interest in the regulation of commercial electronic mail nationally, that those

neg: Feral pigeon in Glasgow the Piazza San Marco in Venice, Dam Square in Amsterdam, The Gateway of India and Kabutarkhana in Mumbai and (prior to 2000) Trafalgar Square in London. In the UK, pigeons are covered under the "General Licences" and can be humanely culled by the land owner or their agent for a variety of reasons (mainly crop protection). It is not legal to kill/destroy nests for any other reason other than those listed under the general licences. In the United States, the Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918, which protects native birds, does not apply to feral pigeons, starlings, or

neg: PayPal her credit-card company. However, in the UK, where such a purchaser is entitled to specific statutory protections (that the credit card company is a second party to the purchase and is therefore equally liable in law if the other party defaults or goes into liquidation) under Section 75 Consumer Credit Act 1979, the purchaser loses this legal protection if the card payment is processed via PayPal. Also, the Financial Ombudsman Service position is that section 75 protection does not apply where PayPal or any eMoney service becomes involved in the credit card transaction. This leaves consumers with no recourse to

neg: Asylum in Germany the case if purposeful, abusive activity can be proven. Contrary to common belief, false or incomplete statements during the process of the asylum procedure are not immediately prosecutable. Furthermore, the residence act does not apply during the first asylum procedure. Thus, punishability according to Section 95 (1.5) and Section (2) of the Residence Act does not apply in this case. The German legislature has also intentionally abstained from defining a legal norm of penalisation in the asylum law. Asylum seekers will only be prosecuted in the following cases: If they used fake or falsified passports they could be prosecuted according

neg: Integrity management of the offence takes place within the UK. The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977(FCPA)(15 U.S.C. §§ 78dd-1, et seq.) is a United States federal law with international reach which also targets unethical behavior. The Act is known primarily for two of its main provisions: one that addresses accounting transparency requirements under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934(SEC); and, another concerning bribery of foreign officials. The FCPA applies to individuals and businesses with securities registered in the United States or a principal place of business in the United States. While this Act has been in existence for quite some time,

neg: Bribery Act 2010 the Conservative Party. This followed pressure from the Confederation of British Industry, who worried that the Bill in its original form would hamper the competitiveness of British industry. The Bill was given Royal Assent on 8 April 2010, becoming the Bribery Act 2010, and was expected to come into force immediately. The government instead chose to hold several rounds of public consultations before announcing that it would come into force in April 2011. Following the publication of guidance by the Ministry of Justice, the act came into effect on 1 July 2011. The Ministry of Justice also released a Quick

neg: Bribery Act 2010 section 6 particularly has the potential to include actions which are ethically problematic but seen as legally permissible. Aisha Anwar and Gavin Deeprose in the "Scots Law Times" take a similar line, highlighting as particularly problematic areas corporate hospitality and facilitation payments, described as "essentially a form of extortion on the payer and, although not a common feature in the UK, they are commonplace in many international jurisdictions", which may fall under the scope of the Act despite being permissible in the commercial world. In May 2018, the House of Lords appointed a select committee to report on the Act.

neg: Facilitating payment the federal legislation and define facilitating payments as illegal. In Russia this phrase (in English) means payment to a bureaucrat when he does off-job extra work for a private entity by helping deal with his ministry. It is generally unclear whether it has a part of corruption in it. It was generally considered legal, until economy minister Ulyukaev received 8 years jail for it. After this case, Russian bureaucrats are reported to heavily refrain from this practice. , subsequent to the Bribery Act, the United Kingdom does not recognize the legality of facilitating payments and does not draw any distinction

neg: National Environmental Policy Act covers a vast array of federal agency actions, but the act does not apply to state action where there is a complete absence of federal influence or funding. Exemptions and exclusions are also present within NEPA's guidelines, including specific federal projects detailed in legislation and EPA exemptions. Exemptions also apply when compliance with other environmental laws require an impact analysis similar to that mandated by NEPA. Such laws can include but are not limited to the Clean Air Act, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, Safe Drinking Water Act, and the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act. The NEPA process is

neg: Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act that will apply instead of PIPEDA, although PIPEDA continues to apply to federal works, undertakings or businesses and to interprovincial or international transfers of personal information. The "Act" does not create an automatic right to sue for violations of the law's obligations. Instead, PIPEDA follows an ombudsman model in which complaints are taken to the Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada. The Commissioner is required to investigate the complaint and to produce a report at its conclusion. The report is not binding on the parties, but is more of a recommendation. The Commissioner does not have any powers to

neg: Lords Spiritual (Women) Act 2015 Lords Spiritual (Women) Act 2015 The Lords Spiritual (Women) Act 2015 is an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom. It stipulates that whenever a vacancy arises among the Lords Spiritual during the next ten years after the Act comes into force, the position has to be filled by a woman, if there is one who is eligible. It does not apply to the five sees of Canterbury, York, London, Durham or Winchester, which are always represented in the House of Lords. The Act was passed shortly after the Bishops and Priests (Consecration and Ordination of Women) Measure 2014 authorised

neg: Hatch Act of 1939 to removal for federal employees; clarified the applicability to the District of Columbia of provisions that cover state and local governments; limited the prohibition on state and local employees running for elective office to employees whose salary is paid completely by federal loans or grants. The Hatch Act does not apply to actively serving uniformed members of the Uniformed services of the United States, although it does apply to Department of Defense civil servants, as well as Department of Homeland Security civil servants in direct support of the United States Coast Guard. Members of the U.S. Armed Forces are subject

neg: Copyright law of Australia accordance with s210 of the "Copyright Act 1968", copyright does not apply to works that were published before 1 May 1969. In Australia, according to s33 of the "Copyright Act 1968", any literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work that was published after the death of the author will continue to subsist under copyright 70 years after the year of first publication. e.g. If a work is published 10 years after the authors death, copyright would subsist for 70 years after first publication, i.e. 80 years after author's death. It should also be noted indefinite copyright does not apply to artistic

neg: Canterbury (UK Parliament constituency) bribery, and the writ suspended on 21 February 1853. A by-election was called to replace both MPs in August 1854. Johnstone resigned, causing a by-election. Canterbury (UK Parliament constituency) Canterbury is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2017 by Rosie Duffield of the Labour Party. The seat dates to the earliest century of regular parliaments, in 1295; its double representation was halved in 1885, then being altered by the later-termed Fourth Reform Act in 1918 (the first being in 1832). Between an election of 1910 when the seat leant to the left matching

neg: Right of abode (United Kingdom) the right of abode through marriage will cease to qualify if another living wife or widow of the same man: However, this restriction does not apply to a woman who: An individual may be able to claim the right of abode in the United Kingdom through more than one route. For example, a woman who was a New Zealand citizen and married to a CUKC with right of abode on 31 December 1982, and who subsequently moves to the UK with her husband and naturalises as British citizen can claim the right of abode in the UK both through her