query: whose side was texas on in the civil war

pos: Texas in the American Civil War Texas in the American Civil War The U.S. state of Texas declared its secession from the United States of America on February 1, 1861, and joined the Confederate States on March 2, 1861, after it replaced its governor, Sam Houston, when he refused to take an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy. As with those of other States, the Declaration was not recognized by the United States government at Washington. Some Texan military units fought in the Civil War east of the Mississippi River, but Texas was most useful for supplying soldiers and horses for Confederate forces. Texas' supply role

pos: Texas in the American Civil War Louis Amateis in 1908. Texas in the American Civil War The U.S. state of Texas declared its secession from the United States of America on February 1, 1861, and joined the Confederate States on March 2, 1861, after it replaced its governor, Sam Houston, when he refused to take an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy. As with those of other States, the Declaration was not recognized by the United States government at Washington. Some Texan military units fought in the Civil War east of the Mississippi River, but Texas was most useful for supplying soldiers and horses for Confederate

pos: Jefferson Ordnance Magazine surviving confederate forts. A specific counter-example to the claim is the Confederate Powderworks, in Georgia, whose powder magazines disprove the claim. A narrower claim, that it is the only surviving Confederate powder house in Texas and one of few in the U.S., is stated by the Historic Jefferson Foundation. An even more narrow claim, that it is "the most intact example in East Texas of a Civil War era brick ordnance magazine directly associated with the Trans-Mississippi Department of the Confederate States of America," appears in a planning document prepared by the Texas Historical Commission. The magazine was built in

pos: Anthony Martin Branch and 1865 until the end of the war. Anthony Martin Branch Anthony Martin Branch (July 16, 1823 – October 3, 1867) was a Texas politician who served in the Confederate States Congress during the American Civil War. Branch was born in Buckingham County, Virginia, and later moved to Texas. He was a member of the Texas House of Representatives in 1859 and the Texas Senate in 1861. During much of the Civil War, Branch served in the Confederate States Army as a captain in Company A, the 21st Texas Cavalry (also known as the 1st Texas Lancers.) He later represented

pos: Anthony Martin Branch Anthony Martin Branch Anthony Martin Branch (July 16, 1823 – October 3, 1867) was a Texas politician who served in the Confederate States Congress during the American Civil War. Branch was born in Buckingham County, Virginia, and later moved to Texas. He was a member of the Texas House of Representatives in 1859 and the Texas Senate in 1861. During much of the Civil War, Branch served in the Confederate States Army as a captain in Company A, the 21st Texas Cavalry (also known as the 1st Texas Lancers.) He later represented Texas in the Second Confederate Congress in 1864

pos: Elkanah Greer Elkanah Greer Elkanah Brackin (or Bracken) Greer (October 11, 1825 – March 25, 1877) was an antebellum cotton planter, merchant, and then a general in the Confederate States Army who served in the Western Theater of the American Civil War. Greer was born in Paris, Tennessee. He moved to Mississippi as a young man and took part in the Mexican War as a member of the 1st Mississippi Rifles, whose colonel was future Confederate President Jefferson Davis. He participated in the battles of Monterrey and Buena Vista. In 1848, Greer moved to Marshall, Texas, where he established himself as a

pos: Fort Lancaster and the contract sutler were allowed by Texas State Troops to leave the fort with their arms, equipment, horses, draft animals, wagons, and personal belongings; they went to San Antonio, boarded trains for the Texas coast, and sailed away on U.S. ships. After declaration of war the fort was garrisoned by Company F, Second Regiment of the Texas Mounted Rifles, recently taken into the Confederate States Army, from December 1861 through April 1862. When the Civil War ended the fort was abandoned by Texas troops and the buildings began to deteriorate from vandalism and the harsh climate. When the Civil

neg: Early life and military career of John McCain (Wright) McCain (born 1912). McCain was of Scots-Irish and English ancestry. John McCain's grandparents were natives of Arkansas, Mississippi, and Texas, and much of his ancestry was Southern on both his mother's side and father's side. The McCain family's patrilineal ancestral home is in Mississippi's Carroll County; they owned and ran a plantation in Teoc from 1848 until 1952. The plantation had slaves before the American Civil War – some of whose descendants share the surname and call themselves the "black McCains" – and sharecroppers afterward; influential blues guitarist Mississippi John Hurt was born on the plantation to one of

neg: History of African Americans in San Antonio History of African Americans in San Antonio Many African Americans in Texas remained in slavery until after the U.S. Civil War ended. There was scarce Union Army activity in Texas, preventing them from joining the Northern lines. During the Reconstruction Era, newly emancipated African American slaves began moving from rural areas in Texas to San Antonio, establishing Freedmen’s Towns on the city’s East Side. Ellis Alley was one of the first African-American neighborhoods in San Antonio. The city had a few (168) black slaves among its 3,436 people. Although slavery ended after the U.S. Civil War, by the mid-1870s racial

neg: History of the University of North Alabama Ross (the latter of whose tenure as president of Texas A&M University was known as the 'golden age' of that institution). Ross also is the namesake of Sul Ross University in Alpine, Texas. Though the bloody four-year conflict between North and South loomed, the years immediately preceding the outbreak of the Civil War are considered the best years of the institution during the 19th century. The fledgling university was entirely out of debt and even had amassed an endowment of $50,000. The faculty was considered first rate for the time and place. The American Civil War bestowed much hardship on

neg: Texas in the American Civil War under General Edmund Kirby Smith. As garrison troops far removed from the main theaters of the war, morale had deteriorated to the point of frequent desertion and thievery. News of the surrender of Lee and other Confederate generals east of the Mississippi finally reached Texas around April 20. Local Confederate authorities had mixed opinions on their future course of action. Most senior military leaders vowed to press on with the war, including commanding general Kirby Smith. Many soldiers, however, greeted frequent speeches whose theme was "fight on, boys" with derision, or simply failed to attend them. The month of May

neg: Meusebach Creek School (Gillespie County, Texas) Meusebach Creek School (Gillespie County, Texas) Meusebach Creek School is located at 515 Kuhlmann Road in Gillespie County, in the U.S. state of Texas. It was consolidated with Fredericksburg Independent School District in 1954. The school is currently being used as a community center and was added to the National Register of Historic Places listings in Gillespie County, Texas on May 10, 2005. Four buildings have served as the school. Erected on land owned by local resident Fritz Lochte, the original structure was a shingle-roofed log cabin. In the post-Civil War years, enrollment included students whose parents had been slaves

neg: William Lewis Moody Sr. cotton compress in Texas. With his son, William Lewis Moody Jr., he opened a bank. Moody Bank soon merged with the National Bank of Texas. He was elected to the Texas legislature in 1873, but was quickly promoted to the position of Texas financial agent at the behest of the then Governor, Richard Coke. William Lewis Moody Sr. Colonel William Lewis Moody Sr. (May 19, 1828 – July 17, 1920) was an American entrepreneur who founded the Moody dynasty in Galveston, Texas. He participated in the Civil War on the side of the Confederacy. On January 19, 1860, he married

neg: History of Galveston, Texas persons living in the city. The proportion of slaves, however, was somewhat less than the rest of Texas. Tensions over slavery in the U.S. as a whole eventually led to the American Civil War, which Texas joined on the side of the Confederacy. The Battle of Galveston was fought in Galveston Bay and island on January 1, 1863, when Confederate forces under Major General John B. Magruder attacked and expelled occupying Union troops from the city, which remained in Confederate hands for the duration of the war. In May 1865, the "Lark" successfully evaded the Union blockade off of Galveston

neg: West Texas World. This period was marked with savage war waged between the US Army, frontier Texans, and the Texas Rangers on one side and native peoples on the other. During the later 19th century, the growing population of Americans and the end of the Civil War brought more Americans into an area long challenged by the Comanche and their allies. This period was marked by the final mapping and geographical intelligence collection of a denied area held by hostile Indian tribes. In turn, the Comanche way of war reached its possible zenith, having either subjugated or defeated the other Indian clans

neg: Charles S. West with Judge John Hancock; their law firm represented the Houston and Texas Central Railway. West was appointed Secretary of State by Governor Francis R. Lubbock but soon left to fight in the Civil War, on the side of the C.S.A. West achieved the rank of major and was Judge Advocate General for the Trans-Mississippi Department. After the war he resumed his practice with Hancock. In the 1870s he worked as one of the six establishing directors of the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas, and was a delegate to the Texas Constitutional Convention in 1875. He was appointed to the

neg: John Hamilton, 2nd Lord Bargany John Hamilton, 2nd Lord Bargany John Hamilton, 2nd Lord Bargany, ("c." 1640 – 15 May 1693) was a Scottish peer whose family fortunes were deeply implicated in the struggles over Presbyterianism and the Church of England during the Interregnum and the Monmouth Rebellion. He was accused of treason and cleared of charges. His family suffered during the English Civil War. His father, also John Hamilton (first Lord Bargany), took the Parliamentarian side before the Civil War but joined with his cousin William Hamilton, 2nd Duke of Hamilton, on the Cavalier side in 1648. Parliament seized his estates, fining him £2,000

neg: Theodore P. Greene 1872, when he was retired. On July 5, 1876 he was placed on the retired list with the rank of Rear Admiral effective March 24, 1872. Rear Admiral Greene died in Jaffrey, New Hampshire on August 30, 1887. His papers, 1863–1866, are at the New York Historical Society in New York City. Vermont in the Civil War Theodore P. Greene Theodore Phinney Greene (July 4, 1809 – August 30, 1887), was a rear admiral of the United States Navy, who fought on the side of the Union during the American Civil War. Greene was born in Mount Pleasant, Texas, the

neg: History of the Jews in Texas eastern Europe whose families arrived in Texas after the Civil War or later. Organized Judaism in Texas began in Galveston with the establishment of Texas' first Jewish cemetery in 1852. By 1856 the first organized Jewish services were being held in the home of Galveston resident Isadore Dyer. These services would eventually lead to the founding of Texas' first and oldest Reform Jewish congregation, Temple B'nai Israel, in 1868. The first synagogue in Texas, Congregation Beth Israel of Houston, was founded in Houston in 1859 as an Orthodox congregation. However, by 1874 the congregation voted to change their affiliation to

neg: Texas Civil War Museum Texas Civil War Museum The Texas Civil War Museum, located in White Settlement, a suburb of Fort Worth, opened in 2006. It is the largest Civil War museum west of the Mississippi River. It consists of three separate galleries that display a Civil War collection, a Victorian dress collection, and the United Daughters of the Confederacy Texas Confederate collection. The UDC has one of three seats on the Museum's board. Some of its collection came from the former Texas Confederate Museum in Austin, curated by the United Daughters of the Confederacy. The Museum has been criticized in the press for

neg: Douglas the camel culprit. Of Douglas's killer, Bevier reportedly said, “I refused to hear his name, and was rejoiced to learn that he had been severely wounded". Douglas is currently honored with his own grave marker in Cedar Hill Cemetery, in Vicksburg, Mississippi. He, along with other camels used during the war, is not overlooked by historians, nor by Civil War Reenactors. There is currently a group called the Texas Camel Corps, whose mission is to promote the stories of camels, like Old Douglas, used during the Civil War. Douglas the camel Douglas The Camel, or “Old Douglas,” was a domesticated camel used

neg: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Texas Those who joined the Church were encouraged to gather with the Saints in the Utah Territory. On December 25, 1855, a conference was established in Texas. Nearly 1,000 converts from Texas immigrated to the Great Basin prior to the Civil War. Missionary work in Texas essentially ceased during the Civil War. But in 1875, nearly 10 years after the Civil War, missionary work in Texas resumed. The Texas Conference was once again organized in 1893. The population of Latter-day Saints in Texas increased dramatically when Church members began to gather in Mormon enclaves within the state. Converts living in the

neg: University of North Alabama Anabasis. One hundred and 60 students enrolled in the first year of operation (1855) of Florence Wesleyan University. The school quickly attracted students from five states and two foreign countries. Among Florence Wesleyan's graduates were Alabama governor Emmet O'Neal and Texas governor Lawrence Sullivan "Sul" Ross (the latter of whose tenure as president of Texas A&M University was known as the 'golden age' of that institution). Ross also is the namesake of Sul Ross State University in Alpine, Texas. The American Civil War bestowed much hardship on the institution. Robert A. Young, president of Florence Wesleyan at the time, is

neg: Comanche history gifts. When the amendments were read to the Comanches, the meeting almost ended, but eventually they agreed to the changes. Additional money was appropriated for more gifts, but once again, a boundary line was never established. Meanwhile, there was a serious question over whose responsibility it was to deal with the Texas tribes, the federal or the state government. The problem was not settled until after the Civil War. In the interim, policy was set by both, and this was confusing, so the 1846 peace treaty brought very little peace to Texas. In May 1847, Texas allowed the German settlers

neg: Thomas Neville Waul law at Galveston, Waul retired to Hunt County, Texas, near Greenville, where he was a farmer. Thomas Neville Waul died in Hunt County, Texas, on July 28, 1903. He is buried in Oakwood Cemetery at Fort Worth, Texas. Waul had no blood relatives at the time of his death. Thomas Neville Waul Thomas Neville Waul (January 5, 1813 – July 28, 1903) was a Confederate States Army brigadier general during the American Civil War (Civil War). Before the Civil War, he was a teacher, lawyer, judge and planter. He served for a year in the Provisional Confederate Congress from Texas.

neg: USS Wilderness (1864) "John A. Dix" cruised the Gulf of Mexico between Florida and Texas, from the Mississippi River to the Rio Grande, through the end of the 1880s. Ordered to New Orleans, on 28 March 1891, "John A. Dix" arrived there on 7 April. Placed out of commission soon thereafter, the erstwhile side-wheel gunboat was sold on 18 May 1891 at Algiers, Louisiana. USS Wilderness (1864) USS "Wilderness was a wooden-hulled, side-wheel steamship in the United States Navy during the American Civil War. After the war, she served as a revenue cutter. In 1873, she was renamed John A. Dix" for former

neg: Texas Civil War Museum Civil War as the War Between the States. Dallas, wishing to dispose of its Robert E. Lee statue, considered lending it to the museum, the only local institution that was willing to accept it. The city decided not to lend it because it would not be displayed in its proper context, according to the city. Texas Civil War Museum The Texas Civil War Museum, located in White Settlement, a suburb of Fort Worth, opened in 2006. It is the largest Civil War museum west of the Mississippi River. It consists of three separate galleries that display a Civil War collection,

neg: Herbert Southworth Herbert Southworth Herbert Rutledge Southworth (February 6, 1908 – October 30, 1999) was a writer, journalist and historian specializing in the Spanish Civil War and the subsequent Francoist State in Spain and whose work led the Francoist ministry of information to set up an entire department to counter his demolition of the State's propaganda. Southworth was born in Canton, Oklahoma. He worked as a construction worker and in a copper mine in Arizona. There, he learned Spanish from the Mexican workers. At Texas Technological College (now Texas Tech University) in Lubbock, Texas, he majored in history, with a minor in

neg: King Ranch the "Grampus" and "Comanche". During the American Civil War, the steamboat fleet was reflagged under the name of the Matamoros, Mexico citizen Francisco Iturria and the Mexican flag. As Mexico was a neutral country, the steamboats could not be stopped by Union blockaders, and engaged in a lively commerce of transporting Texas cotton to many deep-water ships anchored offshore Matamoros, on the Mexican side of the Rio Grande. Stillman sold his share of the enterprise after the Civil War; the new firm operated as King, Kenedy & Co. until 1874. King first saw the land that would become part of

neg: Michael Comyn few days later. It had a profound impact on Comyn when Childers was executed while the case was on appeal. He said "It was a complete negation of justice, the worst I have ever known, to execute a man whose case for life or death was actually under argument and awaiting judgment". Comyn knew Michael Collins but Comyn decided to take the anti-treaty side during the Civil War. After the Civil War, he became principal legal adviser to de Valera and Fianna Fáil, advising on the formation of the party and the founding of "The Irish Press" newspaper. It is

neg: Del Rio, Texas the United States side of the Rio Grande as early as the 18th century. Paula Losoya Taylor built the first "hacienda "in the area in 1862. U.S. development on the north shore of the Rio Grande did not begin until after the American Civil War. The San Felipe Springs, about east of the Rio Grande on the U.S. side of the border, produces of water a day. Developers acquired several thousand acres of land adjacent to the springs, and to San Felipe Creek formed by the springs, from the state of Texas in exchange for building a canal system to

neg: Civil War (comics) Civil War (comics) "Civil War" is a 2006–07 Marvel Comics crossover storyline consisting of a seven-issue limited series of the same name written by Mark Millar and penciled by Steve McNiven, and various other tie-in books published by Marvel at the time. The storyline builds upon the events that developed in previous Marvel storylines, particularly "Avengers Disassembled", "House of M", and "Decimation". The tagline for the series is, "Whose Side Are You On?" The plot of the series follows a framework story line in which the U.S. government passes a Superhero Registration Act, ostensibly designed to have super powered individuals

neg: William Hugh Young William Hugh Young William Hugh Young (January 1, 1838 – November 28, 1901) was a Confederate States Army brigadier general during the American Civil War (Civil War). He was a university student and received a military education before the Civil War. He was a lawyer and real estate operator in San Antonio, Texas after the Civil War. Young spent nine months at the end of the war as a prisoner of war. William H. Young was born January 1, 1838 at Boonville, Missouri. His family moved to Red River County, Texas in 1841 and later to Grayson County, Texas. His

neg: History of African Americans in San Antonio Taylor was also the first African American to be elected mayor of San Antonio and only the second woman in the position. History of African Americans in San Antonio Many African Americans in Texas remained in slavery until after the U.S. Civil War ended. There was scarce Union Army activity in Texas, preventing them from joining the Northern lines. During the Reconstruction Era, newly emancipated African American slaves began moving from rural areas in Texas to San Antonio, establishing Freedmen’s Towns on the city’s East Side. Ellis Alley was one of the first African-American neighborhoods in San Antonio. The city

neg: Texas State Highway Loop 360 ranch to his brother, Robert Eanes (1805–1895) after the Civil War. Robert sold the ranch to his son-in-law, Hudson Boatner Marshall (1862–1951) in 1883. A log cabin built on the ranch was the first Eanes school and the surrounding community assumed the Eanes name. The "Balcones Fault Aids Colonization of Texas" historical marker is north of Bull Creek on the west side of Loop 360. It commemorates the role that the Balcones Fault played in the Anglo-American settlement of Texas. The road runs roughly north–south, arcing slightly out to the west. Listing the major intersections going south to north, Loop

neg: Texas secession movements Texas secession movements Texas secession movements principally focus on the secession of Texas during the American Civil War and the activities of organizations that have existed since the 1990s. The United States Constitution does not address secession of states and the issue was a topic of debate from after the Revolutionary War up until the Civil War, when the Supreme Court ruled, in "Texas v. White," that states cannot unilaterally secede. Texas was a sovereign state for nine years prior to the negotiated annexation with the United States, but its sovereignty was not recognized by Mexico, despite the fact that

neg: Sabine River (Texas–Louisiana) Logansport, Louisiana, down to Sabine Pass. The pirate Jean Lafitte made many trips up the Sabine and reportedly started the colony of Shacklefoot on the Texas side of the Sabine River, south of Carter's ferry up Bayou Patroon. During the American Civil War, on September 8, 1863, a small Confederate force thwarted a Union invasion of Texas at the Second Battle of Sabine Pass, fought at the mouth of the river. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the middle course of the river was an area of widespread logging. The discovery of petroleum at nearby Spindletop led to

neg: William Hugh Young was paroled on July 24, 1865. After the Civil War, William H. Young returned to Texas. He was a lawyer, real estate agent and editor of the San Antonio "Express". William Hugh Young died on November 28, 1901 at San Antonio, Texas. He is buried at the Confederate Cemetery, San Antonio. William Hugh Young William Hugh Young (January 1, 1838 – November 28, 1901) was a Confederate States Army brigadier general during the American Civil War (Civil War). He was a university student and received a military education before the Civil War. He was a lawyer and real estate operator

neg: Littlefield House up and replaced with Himalayan soil. Arguably one of the most interesting trees on campus, the approximately 35-foot tree is located on the southwest side of the house, and is readily discernible by its distinctive horizontal layers. Littlefield House The Littlefield House is a historic home in Austin, Texas on the campus of the University of Texas at Austin. The home was built in 1893 for Civil War veteran George Littlefield, who was a successful businessman in the bank and cattle trades and a major benefactor to UT. It was designed using the popular Victorian style at a cost of

neg: Wichita people northern Texas, who spoke a different although a related language. The principal village of the Wichita in the 1830s was near the Wichita Mountains of Oklahoma although the Tawakoni and Wacos still lived in Texas and were moved onto a reservation on the upper Brazos River. They were forced out of Texas to a reservation in Oklahoma in 1859. During the Civil War, the Wichita allied with the Union side. They moved to Kansas, where they established a village at the site of present-day Wichita, Kansas. In 1867 they were relocated to a reservation in southwest Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma]]

neg: Albert Woolson Albert Woolson Albert Henry Woolson (February 11, 1850 – August 2, 1956) was the last surviving member of the Union Army who served in the American Civil War. He was also the last surviving Civil War veteran on either side whose status is undisputed. At least three men who followed him in death claimed to be Confederate veterans, but one has been debunked and the other two are unverified. The last surviving Union soldier to see combat was James Hard (1841–1953). Woolson was born in Antwerp, New York, to Willard P. Woolson (1811–1862) and Caroline Baldwin (ca. 1822–unknown). He claimed

neg: Texas Rangers (film) "mutilated" his script. "They don't have any sense of responsibility. They'd make a film about anything if they thought it would make some money for them. I think they should give Harvey Weinstein [president of Miramax] to the Taliban. I'd like to see him on the other side. I'd like to hunt him down in a cave." Texas Rangers (film) Texas Rangers is a 2001 American action western film directed by Steve Miner and starring James Van Der Beek, Ashton Kutcher, Alfred Molina, and Dylan McDermott. It follows a group of Texas Rangers in the post-American Civil War era. The

neg: Border states (American Civil War) eastern side of the Rocky Mountains, Fort Laramie, Nevada Territory followed by an invasion of the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Sonora, and Lower California. Ultimately their defeat at the Battle of Glorieta Pass prevented these plans from fruition and Sibley's Confederates fled back to east Texas. Border states (American Civil War) In the context of the American Civil War (1861–65), the border states were slave states that did not declare a secession from the Union and did not join the Confederacy. To their north they bordered free states of the Union and to their south they bordered Confederate slave states.

neg: Billy Thompson (gunman) a child. His family settled in Texas, and during the American Civil War, both his brother and he volunteered for the Confederate Army. His older brother went on to fame as a gunman and later as a lawmen and chief of police for Austin, Texas. Ben Thompson was more stable than his younger brother, having an even temperament, albeit accompanied by a deadly side if need be. Known as having a violent and quick temper, the younger Thompson often found himself in trouble, usually from violence. His first known gunfight was on March 31, 1868. That day, while attending a

neg: Texas on March 2 of the same year. After the Civil War and the restoration of its representation in the federal government, Texas entered a long period of economic stagnation. Historically four major industries shaped the Texas economy prior to World War II: cattle and bison, cotton, timber, and oil. Before and after the U.S. Civil War the cattle industry, which Texas came to dominate, was a major economic driver for the state, thus creating the traditional image of the Texas cowboy. In the later 19th century cotton and lumber grew to be major industries as the cattle industry became less

neg: Edmund J. Davis was survived by his wife, the former Anne Elizabeth Britton (whose father, Forbes Britton, had been chief of staff to Texas Governor Sam Houston), and two sons: Britton (a West Point graduate and military officer), and Waters (an attorney and merchant in El Paso). Edmund J. Davis Edmund Jackson Davis (October 2, 1827 – February 24, 1883) was an American lawyer, soldier, and politician. He was a Southern Unionist and a general in the Union Army in the American Civil War. He also served for one term from 1870 to 1874 as the 14th Governor of Texas. Davis was born

neg: Frank Baldwin At McClellan's Creek, Texas, November 8, 1874. Citation: "Rescued, with 2 companies, 2 white girls by a voluntary attack upon Indians whose superior numbers and strong position would have warranted delay for reinforcements, but which delay would have permitted the Indians to escape and kill their captives." Date of issue: November 27, 1894. Inducted into the Hillsdale County, Michigan Veteran's Hall of Fame in 2004 for his distinguished service in the American Civil War. Hall of Fame inductee 016, Civil War inductee 004. Frank Baldwin Frank Dwight Baldwin (June 26, 1842 – April 22, 1923), a native of Constantine, Michigan,

neg: Larry McMurtry Kesey, the widow of writer Ken Kesey, on April 29, 2011 in a civil ceremony in Archer City. Larry McMurtry's first three novels, all set in the north Texas town of Thalia after World War II The books follow the story of mother/daughter characters Harmony and Pepper The books follow the story of character Duane Moore The books follow the stories of occasionally recurring characters living in the Houston, Texas, area Larry McMurtry Larry Jeff McMurtry (born June 3, 1936) is an American novelist, essayist, bookseller, and screenwriter whose work is predominantly set in either the Old West or in

neg: Grand Prairie, Texas 25, 37 and 10. Dechman, learned that he could trade his oxen and wagons for land in Dallas County. In 1863, Dechman bought of land on the eastern side of the Trinity River and of timber land on the west side of the river for a broken-down wagon, oxen team and US$200 in Confederate money. He tried to establish a home on the property, but ran into difficulties, so he returned to his family in Birdville before joining in the Civil War. In 1867 he filed a town plat consisting of with Dallas County. After the war, he returned to

neg: José Sainz Nothnagel Manager in Miami, Florida, in 1973 Regional Manager in Dallas, Texas, and in 1978 Regional Manager in San Juan, Puerto Rico. In 1981 he had open heart surgery, and retired back to Dallas, Texas in 1982 and died in Dallas 26 June 1984. José Sainz Nothnagel José Sáinz Nothnagel (3 August 1907 – 26 June 1984) was a Spanish politician with the Falange and a leading figure in the early days of the Spanish Civil War. Born in Santa María de Meruelo near Santander, Cantabria, Sáinz, whose mother was German, lived in New York City from 1912 to 1922, returned

neg: Politics of Texas T. Ruby and Norris Wright Cuney. Ruby was a black community organizer, director in the federal Freedmen's Bureau, and leader of the Galveston Union League. His protégé Cuney was a mulatto whose wealthy, white planter father freed him and his siblings before the Civil War and arranged for his education in Pennsylvania. Cuney returned and settled in Galveston, where he became active in the Union League and the Republican party; he rose to the leadership of the party. He became influential in Galveston and Texas politics, and is widely regarded as one of the most influential black leaders in the

neg: Tory was one and not a name used by the Federalists themselves. In Texas in 1832–1836, support for the Texas Revolution was not unanimous. The "Tories" were men who supported the Mexican government. The Tories generally were long-term property holders whose roots were outside of the lower south. They typically had little interest in politics and sought conciliation rather than war or they withheld judgment from both sides. The Tories preferred to preserve the economic, political and social gains that they enjoyed as citizens of Mexico and the revolution threatened to jeopardize the security of their world. During the American Civil

neg: Elkanah Greer planter and merchant, and for a time was a partner in a law firm. Three years later, he returned to Tennessee to marry a local girl named Anna Holcombe (whose famous sister Lucy Petway Holcombe married Francis Wilkinson Pickens, and became known during the Civil War as the "Queen of the Confederacy"). Elkanah and Anna had five children. He became the grand commander of the secretive Knights of the Golden Circle organization in 1859. With the secession of Texas, Greer enlisted in the army and was commissioned as the first colonel of the newly formed the South Kansas-Texas Cavalry (later

neg: William Polk Hardeman William Polk Hardeman William Polk Hardeman (November 4, 1816 – April 8, 1898) was a Confederate States Army brigadier general during the American Civil War. He had fought in the Texas War of Independence in 1836. He was a member of the Texas Rangers and fought in the Mexican-American War in 1846–1847. During the Civil War, he participated in Brigadier General Henry Hopkins Sibley's New Mexico Campaign and in the Red River Campaign. He had a variety of occupations after the war, including superintendent of public buildings and grounds at Austin, Texas. William Polk "Gotch" Hardeman was born on November

neg: Shrawardine English Civil War in 1645. It had been held since 1644 by the Royalist commander Sir William Vaughan, whose aggressive tactics earned him the nickname "the Devil of Shrawardine". The River Severn passes to the west of the village. On the other side of the river is a hamlet called Little Shrawardine. It lies mainly within the civil parish of Montford. Shrawardine Shrawardine is a small village in the civil parish of Montford. It is outside Shrewsbury, the county town of Shropshire, England. Its name is locally pronounced "Shray-den", and was often spelt "Shraydon" in old documents; it is otherwise

neg: George M. Bache George M. Bache George Mifflin Bache, Jr. (November 12, 1841 – February 11, 1896), was an officer in the United States Navy, fighting on the Union side in the American Civil War and continuing to serve for a decade after the war's end. The Fletcher-class destroyer USS Bache was named for him. He was born in Washington, D.C., the son of Lt. George Mifflin Bache, USN (1811-1846), and Elizabeth Catherine Patterson. He was the grandson of Richard Bache, Jr., who served in the Republic of Texas navy and was an elected representative in the Texas legislature, and Sophia Burrell Dallas,

neg: 38th United States Colored Infantry Regiment War, as well as the 80 or so White St. Mary's County residents who served on the Union side, one of whom was also a medal of honor recipient. 38th United States Colored Infantry Regiment The 38th United States Colored Infantry Regiment was an African American unit of the Union Army during the American Civil War. A part of the United States Colored Troops, the regiment saw action in Virginia during the war and later served on the Texas frontier. The 38th was composed of men from St. Mary's County Maryland (both free Black tenant farmers and men who had

neg: Albert Clinton Horton Governor of Texas on May 1, 1846. Texas governor James Pinckney Henderson was absent from his duties to command Texas troops during the Mexican–American War. Horton served as "acting governor" from May 19, 1846 to November 13, 1846. After he left the lieutenant governor's office, he retired to private life. He attended the Democratic National Convention in Charleston, South Carolina, in 1860 and the state Secession Congress in 1861. Before the American Civil War, he owned over 150 slaves, and was considered as one of the richest men in the state of Texas, but after the Civil war, he lost

neg: Richard Waterhouse (general) Richard Waterhouse (general) Richard Waterhouse (January 12, 1832 – March 20, 1876) was an American Civil War Confederate brigadier general. Waterhouse was born in Rhea County, Tennessee. As a teenager, he ran away from home to fight in the Mexican–American War. After he returned, he and his parents moved to San Augustine, Texas in 1849. There he engaged in the mercantile business until the outbreak of the American Civil War. During the Civil War, he helped to raise the Nineteenth Texas Infantry in and around Jefferson and was elected colonel of the unit on May 13, 1862. He served under

neg: New Texas New Texas New Texas was a colony established in São Paulo, Brazil by remnants of the Confederacy after their defeat in the American Civil War. The New Texas colony's leader was Frank McMullen. The colonists were shipwrecked on the coast of Cuba during their first attempt to get to Brazil, and only successfully made their way there on their second attempt. McMullen died of tuberculosis about two years after the establishment of the colony. Following the end of the American Civil War, many former Confederates desired to flee the now-unified United States of America. This inclination was fueled by resentment

neg: Kingfisher, Oklahoma on a part of the Chisholm Trail, over which millions of Texas longhorns were driven to railheads in Kansas in the years immediately following the Civil War. Extension of the railroads and settlement of the open range ended this colorful era. The town was named for an early resident who several landmarks were named for, a man named King Fisher. The bill that opened Oklahoma Territory to non-Indian settlement limited the sizes of townsites to . Settlers in the Kingfisher area formed two communities: Kingfisher City, on the north side of the settlement, and Lisbon, on the south side. The

neg: Sabine Pass, Port Arthur, Texas Sabine River, and the Neches River under General J. B. Magruder. Two battles, the First Battle of Sabine Pass, and the Second Battle of Sabine Pass, both occurred around the Sabine Lake estuary, in Sabine Pass, between the southern end of the current community of Sabine Pass, Texas and the Sabine Pass Lighthouse on the Louisiana side. In 1970, construction crews attempting to repair SH-87 accidentally dug up Civil War era ammunition. The following is an excerpt from Texas State Highway 87: In 1970, road machinery used in its construction accidentally dug up several cannonballs and crumbling kegs of black

neg: Clarksville Historic District (Austin, Texas) to the west and northwest on the western side of Mopac. Founded by freedman Charles Clark in 1871, Clarksville is the oldest surviving freedman's town ‒ the original post-Civil War settlements founded by former African-American slaves ‒ west of the Mississippi River. The historic district was inducted into the National Register of Historic Places in 1976 in recognition of its unique and valuable history. The area was originally part of a tract of land belonging to Texas Governor Elisha Pease, and in 1871 was sold to Charles Clark, a freedman who would start the community that now bears his name.

neg: Richard Waterhouse (general) severe case of pneumonia that resulted in his death only two days later on March 20. He is buried in Jefferson, Texas. Richard Waterhouse (general) Richard Waterhouse (January 12, 1832 – March 20, 1876) was an American Civil War Confederate brigadier general. Waterhouse was born in Rhea County, Tennessee. As a teenager, he ran away from home to fight in the Mexican–American War. After he returned, he and his parents moved to San Augustine, Texas in 1849. There he engaged in the mercantile business until the outbreak of the American Civil War. During the Civil War, he helped to raise

neg: Last surviving Confederate veterans to support a claim for a veteran's pension during the hard times of the Great Depression. In his 1991 article in "Blue & Gray" magazine, Marvel confirmed Albert Woolson's (February 11, 1847(?), or 1850 – August 2, 1956) claim to be the last surviving Union Army veteran and asserted that Woolson was the last genuine surviving American Civil War veteran from either side. Woolson was a drummer whose company did not see combat. Union Army veteran James Albert Hard (July 15, 1843 – March 12, 1953) was the last verified surviving American Civil War veteran who was in combat. Last

neg: Nicholas M. Nolan received a brevet promotion to the ranks of first lieutenant and captain during the Civil War. After the Civil War and until his death in 1883, Nolan served on the western frontier. He engaged many Native American tribes, dealt with many types of renegades and helped explore vast areas of uncharted territory from Texas to Arizona. After the fighting stopped and Reconstruction began, Nolan went with the 6th Cavalry to Texas in October 1865. On November 29, 1865, the 6th Cavalry headquarters was established in Austin, Texas where it was part of the Fifth Military District that covered Texas and

neg: Texas in the American Civil War to stall Union Maj. Gen. Nathaniel Banks' Red River Campaign, which was intended to advance into Texas from its eastern border. Confederate forces halted the expedition at the Battle of Mansfield, just east of the Texas border. Union forces from Brazos Island launched the Brazos Santiago Expedition, leading to the last battle of the Civil War, the Battle of Palmito Ranch, fought in Texas on May 12, 1865, well after Robert E. Lee's surrender on April 9, 1865, at Old Appomattox Court House, Virginia. In the spring of 1865, Texas contained over 60,000 soldiers of the Army of the Trans-Mississippi

neg: Earp Vendetta Ride income with mining ventures. John "Texas Jack" Vermillion, a Virginian, joined the vendetta ride after Frank Stilwell was killed, and was never indicted for Stilwell's murder, but he was with the Earps when Florentino "Indian Charlie" Cruz was killed. Although closer to friend and fellow Southerner Doc Holliday than the Earps, Vermillion remained by Wyatt Earp's side during the shootout at Iron Springs with Curly Bill Brocius. A veteran of the Civil War on the Confederate side who rode with J.E.B. Stuart's Virginia cavalry, Vermillion was an accomplished horseman and pistoleer. U.S. Marshal Dake visited Tombstone in late January 1881

neg: To the People of Texas & All Americans in the World in causing the May 1832 Anahuac Disturbances. According to historian William C. Davis, Bradburn "overreacted and made heroes of two local malcontents whose actions their own people otherwise had not been much inclined to sanction". Bradburn was forced to resign his post and flee Texas. The Anahuac Disturbances coincided with a Mexican civil war. Texians aligned themselves with proponents of federalism advocating a stronger role for state governments, in opposition to a centralized government that set most policies at the national level. The federalists prevailed, and their favored general, Antonio López de Santa Anna, was elected president. In 1835, Santa

neg: Chretien Point Plantation side the 4th, 5th, and 7th Texas Cavalry attacked the right side. Weitzel's line collapsed but was reinforced by Lt. William Marland and the Confederates were pushed back and driven off. The Battle of Bayou Bourbeux was fought on November 3–4, 1863. Also known as Battle of Grand Coteau or Battle of Carrion Crow Bayou. The plantation was purchased by Kristine Nations, incorporated as Chretien Point Plantation, LLC, and operated as a bed and breakfast and wedding site. Chretien Point Plantation Chretien Point Plantation is a pre-Civil War twelve room red brick mansion, located on twenty acres on the banks

neg: James Francis Miller James Francis Miller James Francis Miller (August 1, 1830 – July 3, 1902) was an American politician who represented Texas in the United States House of Representatives from 1883–1886. Miller was born in Winnsboro, South Carolina. He moved with his parents to Texas in 1842 where he attended public schools and Reutersville College. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1857, and commenced practice in Gonzales, Texas. During the American Civil War, Miller enlisted as a private in Company I, Eighth Texas Cavalry, better known as "Terry's Texas Rangers," and served throughout the Civil War. After the war,

neg: A. Maceo Smith A. Maceo Smith Antonio Maceo Smith (April 16, 1903 - December 19, 1977) was a pioneer civil rights leader in Dallas, Texas, whose years of activism with the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and other civil rights and community groups led Texans to dub him "Mr. Civil Rights" and "Mr. Organization". Antonio Maceo Smith was born in Texarkana, Texas, where he attended segregated schools. His parents were Howell and Winnie Smith. Smith graduated with an AB in 1924 from Fisk University, a historically black university in Nashville, Tennessee where he would go on to be honored

neg: Jericho Season 3: Civil War delivered the last nuclear bomb – which was intended to destroy Columbus, Ohio – to the Independent Republic of Texas. Analysis of the bomb will demonstrate that the ASA lied about the origin of the 23 bombs used in the September Attacks on 23 U.S. cities, falsely blaming them on the Iranian and North Korean governments. Texas now sides with Columbus rather than Cheyenne, and the Second American Civil War is at hand. Hawkins and the Texas leadership know they need something more to help win the war. Hawkins gets a message from an old enemy who just might be

neg: Kennedy Plaza a gigantic human mosaic formed a "living flag" on scaffolding above the front steps, lined on each side with Civil War veterans. Over 52,000 people attended. On May 11, 1919, a World War I Victory Parade was held on Washington Street and Kennedy Plaza, which marched through what was a Victory Arch in the center of the plaza. On top of the arch was a reproduction of the Hellenistic sculpture "Winged Victory of Samothrace." The inscription on the Victory Arch read: "TO THE MEMORY OF THOSE WHO WENT FORTH AND RETURNED NOT WHOSE SOULS ARE MARCHING ON." John F. Kennedy

neg: Lord Eliot Convention wrote that: Charles Frederick Henningsen, who had served with the Carlists, dedicated his book, "Twelve Months' Campaign with Zumalacárregui", to Lord Eliot, whom he described as "one of the very few who have in any way interfered in the civil strife now desolating Spain, whose name will not be a curse to her people, but on whose head the blessings of all ranks of Spaniards will be showered." However, though “it was mutually agreed upon to treat the prisoners taken on either side according to the ordinary rules of war, a few months only elapsed before similar barbarities were practiced

neg: Military leadership in the American Civil War Military leadership in the American Civil War Military leadership in the American Civil War was influenced by professional military education and the hard-earned pragmatism of command experience. While not all leaders had formal military training, the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York and the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis created dedicated cadres of professional officers whose understanding of military science had profound effect on the conduct of the American Civil War and whose lasting legacy helped forge the traditions of the modern U.S. officer corps of all service branches. President Abraham Lincoln was Commander-in-Chief of the

neg: Red River Station, Texas Red River Station, Texas Red River Station is a ghost town south of the Red River at Salt Creek in northwestern Montague County, Texas, United States. Native Americans long used the fertile areas near the Red River for farming and hunting. In 1859-1860, Anglo-Americans began settling the area as the population of Native Americans dwindled. During the American Civil War, Confederate troops were stationed near Red River Station and patrolled along the south side of the Red River, the border between Texas and Indian Territory. In December 1863, a destructive Indian raid occurred which spread from Indian Territory, across the

neg: Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church stucco building was constructed in 1891 on Calhoun Street. This and other post-Civil War black churches were built on the north side of Calhoun Street; blacks were not welcome on the south side of what was known as Boundary Street when the church was built. The building was designed by leading Charleston architect John Henry Devereux, whose work was begun in the spring of 1891 and completed in 1892. In March 1909, Booker T. Washington, president of Tuskegee Institute and a national leader, spoke at Emanuel AME Church. Among the attendees were many whites, including a member of the Supreme

neg: William Joel Bryan side among the Brazoria County Volunteers. He also served with Sam Houston in the retreat of the army across Texas. However, he became ill with the measles shortly before the Battle of San Jacinto. From 1836 to 1839, he served in a managerial capacity at the Peach Point Plantation. Upon getting married, he became the owner of the Duranzo Plantation in Jones Creek. During the American Civil War of 1861-1865, he fed Confederate troops stationed at the mouth of the Brazos at his own expense. Shortly after the war, in 1865, he granted the Houston & Texas Central Railroad a

neg: Texas in the American Civil War Congress permitted Texas' representatives to take their seat in Congress, although Texas did not meet all the formal requirements for readmission. A number of notable leaders were associated with Texas during the Civil War. John Bell Hood gained fame as the commander of the Texas Brigade in the Army of Northern Virginia and played a prominent role as an army commander late in the war. "Sul" Ross was a significant leader in a number of "Trans-Mississippi" Confederate armies. Felix Huston Robertson was the only native Texan Confederate general. Capt. TJ Goree was one of Lt. General James Longstreet's most trusted

neg: Arseniy Golovko Arseniy Golovko Arseniy Grigoriyevich Golovko (; June 10, 1906 – May 17, 1962) was a Soviet admiral, whose naval service extended from the 1920s through the early Cold War. He entered the Soviet Navy in 1925 and graduated in 1928 from the M.V. Frunze Higher Naval School in Leningrad. After that he served in various Fleet assignments. In 1937 and 1938 he took part in the Spanish Civil War on the side of the Republicans. After his return to the USSR he attended the naval warfare school. From 1940 to 1946, during the Second World War, he was Commander of

neg: Texas in the American Civil War Texas frontier during the Civil War, evidence against the accused was questionable, and the legal proceedings were highly imperfect. A granite monument in a small park marks the spot where the hangings took place. The Confederacy's conscription act proved controversial, not only in Texas but all across the South. Despite the referendum result, some opponents argued that the war was being fought by poor people on behalf of a few wealthy slave owners. The Act exempted from the draft men who owned fifteen or more slaves. Draft resistance was widespread especially among Texans of German or Mexican descent; many of

neg: Robert Lee Moore Robert Lee Moore Robert Lee Moore (November 14, 1882 – October 4, 1974) was an American mathematician who taught for many years at the University of Texas. He is known for his work in general topology, for the Moore method of teaching university mathematics, and for his poor treatment of African-American mathematics students. Although Moore's father was reared in New England and was of New England ancestry, he fought in the American Civil War on the side of the Confederacy. After the war, he ran a hardware store in Dallas, then little more than a railway stop, and raised six

neg: San Antonio and Mexican Gulf Railroad San Antonio and Mexican Gulf Railroad The San Antonio and Mexican Gulf Railroad (SA&MG) was a railroad set up in 1850 to connect the city of San Antonio to the Gulf of Mexico. The railroad survived the Civil War and merged with the Indianola Railroad into the Gulf, Western Texas and Pacific Railway in 1871. The SA&MG was chartered on September 5, 1850, with plans to connect Lavaca, Texas, later changed to Port Lavaca, Texas to San Antonio. Trackwork began in 1856, and a line was completed to Victoria, Texas in April, 1861, when the Civil War broke out. Among

neg: Charles L. Pyron Texas Cavalry. He was later promoted to colonel. He lived on his ranch in San Antonio, Texas after the war, and died on August 24, 1869. Charles L. Pyron Charles Lynn Pyron (1819–1869) was a soldier in the United States Army in the Mexican-American War and a Confederate Army officer in the American Civil War. He fought at the Battle of Monterrey in the Mexican-American War, and during the Civil War fought in the West, including at the battles of Valverde and Glorieta Pass. Pyron was born in 1819 in Marion County, Alabama, the son of Charles Pyron. He served

neg: History of Texas historiographical trends influenced the scholarship on the Civil War in Texas. Beginning in the 1950s, historians focused on military campaigns in Texas and other areas of the Southwest, a region previously neglected. Since the 1970s, scholars have shifted their attention to South Texas, exploring how its relations with Mexico and Mexican Americans affected both Confederate and Union Civil War military operations. Also since the 1970s, the "New Social History" has stimulated research in war-related social, economic, and political changes. This historiographical trend is related to a growing interest in local and regional history. When news of the Emancipation Proclamation arrived

neg: Percy Pennybacker iconic Pennybacker Bridge (a.k.a. the "360 bridge") in Austin, Texas is named in his honor. Percy Pennybacker Percy V. Pennybacker Jr. (1895–1963) was a Texas civil engineer who pioneered the technology of welded structures, particularly for bridges. Pennybacker worked for the Texas Highway Department in the early 1900s designing bridges. He earned his civil engineering degree from the University of Texas at Austin. He served as a captain in the Army Air Service during World War I. After the war, he worked in Kansas and Texas. During World War II, he became interested in welded construction as an alternative to

neg: Weeping Mary, Texas Weeping Mary, Texas Weeping Mary is an unincorporated community in Cherokee County, Texas, United States. It is located on Texas State Highway 21 about 12 miles from the nearby town of Alto. Founded by freedmen shortly after the American Civil War, Weeping Mary is little more than a ghost town in the 21st century. It is significant as the community closest to the ancient Caddo Mounds State Historic Site. Weeping Mary was founded by recently freed slaves, freedmen, shortly after the Civil War. The community later founded a Baptist church. The community founded a local school for their children in

neg: Richard Barwis daughter of Sir Edward Musgrave of Hayton Castle. He died without issue. He had an uncle Richard Barwis of Waverton (d. 1662), who was High Sheriff of Cumberland in 1648, 1649 and 1652, and whose son Colonel Thomas Barwis (1621–1648) fought on the Parliamentary side at the siege of Carlisle. Richard Barwis Richard Barwis (1601 – 13 April 1648) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons of England between 1628 and 1648. He supported the Parliamentarian side during the English Civil War. He was known as "Great Richard" Barwis because of his remarkable strength. Barwis was

neg: Decatur, Texas of naval hero Stephen Decatur. In 1857, a post office was opened, and the first school was established in 1857. In the early 1860s, a courthouse was erected. Early settlers to northern Texas came from a variety of eastern states, and only about half came from the "Deep South". Most of the rest came from the Upper South and a number sympathized with the Unionist side at the outset of the Civil War. Cooke County and others voted against secession in this part of the state. Violence against Unionists by Confederate troops and militia was common, especially after the Confederate

neg: History of Texas the contiguous United States. Other oil fields were later discovered in West Texas and under the Gulf of Mexico. The resulting Texas Oil Boom permanently transformed the economy of Texas, and led to its most significant economic expansion after the Civil War. The economy, which had experienced significant recovery since the Civil War, was dealt a double blow by the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl. After the Stock Market Crash of 1929, the economy suffered significant reversals. Thousands of city workers became unemployed, many of whom depended on federal relief programs such as FERA, WPA and CCC. Thousands of

neg: Titus Labienus and cruel soldier and commander, whose brilliance wins battles in Gaul, but whose brutality went some way towards alienating Caesar's Gallic allies and thus causing the battles in the first place. McCullough takes a somewhat different interpretation of the events, and has Caesar shunning Labienus, instead of Labienus defecting to Pompey. In the novels, Caesar disowns Labienus when it comes to civil war, not wanting him on his side because he is too cruel and unpredictable. Labienus was also featured in the BBC One docudrama "". Labienus is a prominent character in S.J.A. Turney's series 'Marius' Mules'. Titus Labienus Titus

neg: Kou Voravong at the extreme north of the avenue of the same name, and the site of the statue was planned on an esplanade just at the entrance. But the country was immersed in a civil war, itself within the context of the Cold War. In 1963, when his uncle the General Sarit Thanarat died, he lost Thailand's Government support, while on the other side, the United States opted for direct military intervention policy. At the end of January 1965, after several "disobediences" to the American military advisory, and following a coup against his government, whose instigator was General Kouprasith Abhay, Phoumi

neg: Texas divisionism States of America in 1865. Complicating this argument is an 1869 United States Supreme Court ruling, Texas v. White, holding that Texas remained part of the United States even during the Civil War. The division of the state of Texas was frequently proposed in the early decades of Texan statehood, particularly in the decades immediately prior to and following the American Civil War. The State of Lincoln was proposed in 1869, to be carved out of the territory of Texas from the area south and west of the state's Colorado River. Unlike many other Texas division proposals of the Reconstruction

neg: Black Fox (miniseries) Texas frontier. With the outbreak of the Civil War, word arrives that two Indian tribes, the Comanches and the Kiowas, have joined forces under the leadership of Little Buffalo, whose goal is to drive the white man out of Texas. In a surprise raid, while the men are away making preparations to defend their homes, the Indians attack, taking hostage every woman and child they can find. While not all the settlers agree, it is decided that because he is black, Britt will have the best chance to negotiate with the Indians for the return of their families and he

neg: Irish Brigade (Spanish Civil War) Catholic minority that it largely abandoned the Northern Ireland Labour Party, whose leader Harry Midgley supported the Spanish Republic (Midgley was greeted at one party meeting with chants of "we want Franco"). In late 1936 some 7,000 men volunteered, of whom about 700 eventually went to Spain. While many of the officers were aligned with O'Duffy's political party, the majority of his force were not NCP members but former Blueshirts still loyal to the general. Some were former IRA or National Army men, like O'Duffy veterans of the pro-Treaty, side of the Irish Civil War. But many others were young

neg: Morgan C. Hamilton the few Texan abolitionists, Hamilton fought for Union forces in the Civil War. During Reconstruction, he was elected by the Texas state legislature to the US Senate as a Radical Republican. He is buried in the Oakwood Cemetery in Austin, Texas. Morgan C. Hamilton Morgan Calvin Hamilton (February 25, 1809November 21, 1893) was an American merchant, politician from Alabama and Texas, and brother of Andrew Jackson Hamilton. Both men were unusual as Unionists in Texas during the American Civil War. Morgan Calvin Hamilton was born in Alabama. His siblings included Andrew Jackson Hamilton. He moved to Texas when it was

neg: Panna Maria Grays (Confederate Regiment) Panna Maria Grays (Confederate Regiment) The Panna Maria Grays was a Texas Confederate militia consisting of mostly Silesians that emigrated from Silesia. The Silesians tried to not be involved in the American Civil War, but they were eventually involved as the war endured. During the time of the Civil War, there were 1,500 Silesians in Texas. Some Silesians that served in Texas Silesian units include Peter Kiolbassa, R.T. Rzeppa, and Valentine Polack. Panna Maria Grays, Karnes County, Texas Though Panna Maria was a Selesian enclave, the Grays consisted of all of the nationalities in the area, including Mexican. Mostly was

neg: Texas Rangers (film) Texas Rangers (film) Texas Rangers is a 2001 American action western film directed by Steve Miner and starring James Van Der Beek, Ashton Kutcher, Alfred Molina, and Dylan McDermott. It follows a group of Texas Rangers in the post-American Civil War era. The film is very loosely based upon the book "Taming the Nueces Strip" by George Durham, who based it on his own experiences serving in Captain Leander McNelly's Texas Ranger group as a young man. Ten years after the Civil War ended, the Governor of Texas asks Leander McNelly to recommission a company of Rangers to help uphold

neg: History of Texas made large movements of men, horses or cattle impossible. Texas regiments fought in every major battle throughout the war. The last battle of the Civil War, the Battle of Palmito Ranch, was fought in Texas on May 12, 1865. The 2nd Texas Cavalry Battalion (U.S.) (one of only two from the state) took part. Support for the Confederacy was perhaps weakest in Texas; Elliott estimates that only a third of the white men in early 1861 supported the Confederacy. Many unionists supported the Confederacy after the war began, but many others clung to their unionism throughout the war, especially in