query: who designed the flag of the army of northern virginia

pos: Army of Northern Virginia it is generally referred to today as the Army of Northern Virginia, even if that is correct only in retrospect. In addition to Virginians, it included regiments from all over the Confederacy, some from as far away as Georgia, Texas and Arkansas. One of the most well known was the Texas Brigade, made up of the 1st, 4th, and 5th Texas, and the 3rd Arkansas, which distinguished themselves in numerous battles, such as during their fight for the Devil's Den at the Battle of Gettysburg. The first commander of the Army of Northern Virginia was General P.G.T. Beauregard (under its

neg: Army of Northern Virginia previous name, the Confederate Army of the Potomac) from June 20 to July 20, 1861. His forces consisted of six brigades, with various militia and artillery from the former Department of Alexandria. During his command, Gen. Beauregard is noted for creating the battle flag of the army, which came to be the primary battle flag for all corps and forces under the Army of Northern Virginia. The flag was designed due to confusion during battle between the Confederate "Stars and Bars" flag and the flag of the United States. Beauregard continued commanding these troops as the new First Corps under

neg: William Porcher Miles William Porcher Miles William Porcher Miles (July 4, 1822 – May 11, 1899) was among the ardent states' rights advocates, supporters of slavery, and Southern secessionists who came to be known as the "Fire-Eaters." He is notable for having designed the most popular variant of the Confederate flag, originally rejected as the national flag in 1861 but adopted as a battle flag by the Army of Northern Virginia under General Robert E. Lee before it was reincorporated. Born in South Carolina, he showed little early interest in politics, and his early career included the study of law and a tenure

neg: 3d Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Confederate States) 19 September 1863. The flag, an Army of Northern Virginia Battle Flag, is inches × inches square; orange border; 5-inch stripe of the St. Andrew's cross; and thirteen stars made of bunting and cotton with a canvas lead. The third flag carried by the Third Arkansas is an Army of Northern Virginia Battle Flag pattern made of bunting and cotton with canvas lead, 47 inches × 46 inches. Glenn Dedmondt identifies the flag as a 3rd bunting issue flag made by the Richmond Depot. The flag was issued to the unit on September 20, 1863, on the field of Chickamauga,

neg: 1st West Virginia Volunteer Cavalry Regiment Although Cunningham, who was from CompanyH, was shot twice (but survived), he captured a Confederate flag using his saber. Custer later recommended Cunningham for the award. Commissary Sergeant William Houlton won his medal for the capture of a flag, but the regiment was not identified in the citation. Corporal Emisire Shahan from CompanyA received his medal for "Capture of flag of 76th Georgia Infantry (C.S.A.)". The citation for Medal of Honor winner Private Daniel A. Woods, who was from CompanyK, says "Capture of flag of 18th Florida Infantry (C.S.A.)". On April 8, Lee's Army of Northern Virginia continued to flee

neg: Flags of the Confederate States of America copyrighted emblem of the United Confederate Veterans. Its continued use by the Southern Army's post-war veterans groups, the United Confederate Veterans (U.C.V.) and the later Sons of Confederate Veterans, (S.C.V.), and elements of the design by related similar female descendants organizations of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, (U.D.C.), led to the assumption that it was, as it has been termed, "the soldier's flag" or "the Confederate battle flag". The square "battle flag" is also properly known as "the flag of the Army of Northern Virginia". It was sometimes called "Beauregard's flag" or "the Virginia battle flag". A Virginia Department

neg: Flag of Maryland of the Chesapeake Bay. Those Marylanders who supported the Confederacy, many of whom fought in the Army of Northern Virginia of General Robert E. Lee, adopted the Crossland banner, which was red and white with the bottony (trefoil) cross (seen as "secession colors") and often used a metal bottony cross pinned to their gray uniforms or caps (kepis). The black and gold (yellow) colors with the chevron design of the Calvert family were used in the flags and devices and uniform pins of the Union Army regiments in the northern Army of the Potomac. After the war, Marylanders who had

neg: Modern display of the Confederate flag initially proposed, and rejected, as the national flag in 1861. The design was instead adopted as a battle flag by the Army of Northern Virginia (ANV) under General Robert E. Lee. Most popular today is a rectangularized variant of the originally square ANV battle flag, common in modern reproductions. (A similarly rectangular flag was used during the war by the Army of Tennessee under General Joseph E. Johnston.) Despite never having historically represented the Confederacy as a country nor been officially recognized as one of its flags, it is commonly referred to as "the Confederate Flag" and has become a

neg: Adolph Mongo Worthy dropping the charges. The real killers were later arrested and convicted to long prison sentences. In April 2011, Mongo led a boycott against the Detroit NAACP's 56th Annual Fight for Freedom Fund Dinner and called for NAACP President Rev. Wendell Anthony to resign his position. Mongo's complaint surrounded the "Great Expectations" Award Anthony gave Kid Rock, a native metro Detroiter, who has been known to fly the Battle Flag of the Army of Northern Virginia. Mongo stated "Rev. Anthony is making it OK for people like Kid Rock to fly the ... flag." Mongo continued, "That flag stands for

neg: 2nd Virginia Cavalry the flag to the Museum of the Confederacy in 1907. 2nd Virginia Cavalry The 2nd Virginia Volunteer Cavalry Regiment was a cavalry regiment raised in Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It fought mostly with the Army of Northern Virginia. The unit was organized by Colonel Jubal Early in Lynchburg, Virginia, in May, 1861 as the 30th Virginia Volunteer Regiment under Col. Richard C.W. Radford (whence "Radford's Rangers"—not to be confused with Troop G's similar nickname). Its troops (the cavalry equivalent of infantry companies) were recruited across several counties of Central Virginia: At

neg: Flag of West Virginia Virginia regiments in the Union Army carried flags handmade by supportive women, as was the case with the Fifth Regiment Virginia Volunteer Infantry who carried a flag bearing the legend "5th Va. Regiment" in 1861. In January 1864, the West Virginia Legislature approved a flag for the Fourth Regiment West Virginia Volunteer Infantry to acknowledge the regiment's battles at Charleston, Vicksburg, Jackson, and Missionary Ridge, all four of which were listed on the flag. This was the first among many battle flags to represent West Virginia after statehood which were utilized by soldiers of West Virginia regiments throughout the war.

neg: Flags of the Confederate States of America new battle flag at the Ratcliffe House. Hetty Cary and her sister and cousin made prototypes. One such 12-star flag resides in the collection of Richmond's Museum of the Confederacy and the other is in Confederate Memorial Hall in New Orleans. On November 28, 1861, Confederate soldiers in General Robert E. Lee's newly reorganized Army of Northern Virginia received the new battle flags in ceremonies at Centreville and Manassas, Virginia, and carried them throughout the Civil War. Beauregard gave a speech encouraging the soldiers to treat the new flag with honor and that it must never be surrendered. Many soldiers

neg: Flag of Annandale, Virginia to suggest improvements to the design. Ansoff created a panel of NAVA members, who suggested many improvements to the original design. In June 2006, the new flag was selected by "a vote of attendees at the chamber’s annual dinner" out of 27 variations; the winning selection was designed by resident Michelle Redmon. Flag of Annandale, Virginia The flag of Annandale, Virginia, was adopted on August 16, 2006, by the Annandale Chamber of Commerce, a private organization. It is unofficial as Annandale is a census-designated place and unincorporated area; its area falls under the jurisdiction of Fairfax County. The flag has

neg: Issues of the American Civil War quickly followed by Appomattox and Confederate defeat. The Confederacy had other flags as well, including the Bonnie Blue Flag. The Confederate Battle Flag was originally the flag of the Army of Northern Virginia, and was square. Modern Confederate flag controversies include the Confederate Battle Flag design that was added to the Georgia state flag as a protest against civil rights for blacks. Decades later, Georgia flaggers claimed that the Confederate Battle Flag design was a symbol of Southern heritage, although others saw it as a symbol of the Klan and slavery. The flag was redesigned by governor Barnes and redesigned

neg: Charles A. Whittier Charles A. Whittier Charles Albert Whittier (August 6, 1840 – May 14, 1908) was a Union Army lieutenant colonel and staff officer during the American Civil War. In 1866, he was nominated and confirmed for appointment to the grade of brevet brigadier general of volunteers to rank from August 9, 1865, the date he met the flag of truce party of the Army of Northern Virginia as that army arrived to surrender to the Union Army at Appomattox Court House, Virginia. He served as a United States Army brigadier general during the Spanish–American War. Whittier was born in Bangor, Maine

neg: Levi Shoemaker Levi Shoemaker Levi Shoemaker (June 25, 1840 – April 3, 1917) was a Union Army soldier during the American Civil War who received the U.S. military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor. Shoemaker volunteered for service in the Union Army and was assigned as a sergeant to Company A of the 1st West Virginia Volunteer Cavalry Regiment. He received the Medal of Honor for capturing the flag of the 22nd Virginia Cavalry in battle at Nineveh, Virginia, on November 12, 1864. Another 1st West Virginia Cavalry soldier, Private James F. Adams, also received the medal for capturing a Confederate flag

neg: Hetty Cary Bars, and the Union flag, the Stars and Stripes, Confederate General P. G. T. Beauregard recommended that the Confederate flag be changed. Constance Cary wrote: The resulting flag, commonly called the Southern Cross, served as the principal battle flag of the cavalry, infantry, and artillery units in the Army of Northern Virginia from November 1861 until the surrender at Appomattox Court House in April 1865. When 26, Hetty met 32 year-old John Pegram at a party at his mother's home, and became engaged in 1862. Their wedding date was finally set due to two events. At the end of 1864,

neg: American Civil War Museum include: "The Confederate Years: Battles, Leaders, and Soldiers, 1861–1865"; "Women in Mourning"; "Before Freedom Came: African-American Life in the Antebellum South"; "Embattled Emblem: The Army of Northern Virginia Battle Flag, 1861 – Present"; "A Woman's War: Southern Women, Civil War, and the Confederate Legacy"; "R. E. Lee: The Exhibition"; "The Confederate Navy"; and "Virginia and the Confederacy: A Quadricentennial Perspective". The Museum of the Confederacy was founded by Richmond's society ladies, starting with Isabel Maury, who was later joined by Ann Crenshaw Grant and Isobel Stewart Bryan. Isabel Maury was the founder of the Museum of the Confederacy but she

neg: Modern display of the Confederate flag Modern display of the Confederate flag The display of flags used by and associated with the Confederate States of America (1861–1865) has continued, with a long interruption, into the present day, with the "Southern cross" used in the battle flag of General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia gaining the most popular recognition as a modern symbol of the Confederacy, and by extension, the Southern United States in general. Such displays have been made for a variety of reasons, with Southern heritage, states' rights, and historical commemoration among the stated reasons for particular uses. Displaying the flag has long

neg: Flags of the Confederate States of America a naval ensign, using a shorter 2:3 ratio than the 1:2 ratio adopted by the Confederate Congress for the national flag. This particular battle ensign was the only example taken around the world, finally becoming the last Confederate flag lowered in the Civil War; this happened aboard CSS "Shenandoah" in Liverpool, England on November 7, 1865. Despite never having historically represented the Confederate States of America as a country, nor officially recognized as one of its national flags, the rectangular Second Confederate Navy Jack and the Battle Flag of the Army of Northern Virginia are now flag types commonly referred

neg: Flag of West Virginia state flag was adopted in 1905, based upon the flag designed and used by the West Virginia State Commission at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition in 1904. This flag was altered in 1907 for the Jamestown Exposition and featured the coat of arms on the obverse and a sprig of "Rhododendron maximum" on the reverse. In order to reproduce the flag more inexpensively, the West Virginia Legislature ratified the current flag with the state's coat of arms integrated with the rhododendron, which appears on both the obverse and the reverse. The "Pledge of Allegiance to the West Virginia State Flag" was

neg: Flag and seal of Illinois flag into law on September 17, 1969, and the new flag was designed by Mrs. Sanford Hutchinson and became the official flag on July 1, 1970. For Illinois's first 100 years of statehood in 1918, Wallace Rice, who designed Chicago's flag, designed a centennial flag for the state. It had three horizontal bands of equal width alternating white, blue, white. It was charged with 21 stars along the edge of the hoist. There were 10 blue stars in the upper white band and 10 in the lower white band, representing the 10 northern and 10 southern states at the time

neg: Black Flag Army Black Flag Army The Black Flag Army (; ) was a splinter remnant of a bandit group recruited largely from soldiers of ethnic Zhuang background, who crossed the border in 1865 from Guangxi, China into Upper Tonkin, then part of the Empire of Annam (Central Vietnam). Although brigands, they were known mainly for their fights against the invading French forces, who were then moving into Tonkin (Northern Vietnam). With the sanction of both Vietnamese and Chinese authorities, the Black Flags joined the Vietnamese regular forces, stemming French encroachment beyond the Red River Delta. The Black Flag Army is so named

neg: 18th North Carolina Infantry their battle flag would be captured. Just over a year later, on May 12, 1864, they lost another battle flag to Alexander H. Mitchell of the 105th Pennsylvania Infantry. Mitchell would later be awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions. 18th North Carolina Infantry The 18th North Carolina Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment raised in North Carolina for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It fought mostly with the Army of Northern Virginia. The 18th Infantry Regiment, formerly the 8th Volunteers, was organized at Camp Wyatt, near Carolina Beach, North Carolina, in July,

neg: 20th Virginia Infantry R. Crenshaw, John Pegram, and Nathaniel Tyler were in command. In the science fiction short story, "Field Test" by Keith Laumer, a newly designed and built Bolo Mark XX Model B is assigned to ""the 20th Virginia, a regiment ancient and honorable, with a history dating back to Terra Insula"". 20th Virginia Infantry The 20th Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment raised in Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It fought mostly with the Army of Northern Virginia. The 20th Virginia was assembled in July, 1861, with men from Richmond and

neg: Chester B. Bowen Chester Bennett Bowen, United States Army, for extraordinary heroism on 19 September 1864, while serving with Company I, 19th New York Cavalry (1st New York Dragoons), in action at Winchester, Virginia, for capture of flag." Action Date: September 19, 1864 Service: Army Rank: Corporal Company: Company I Division: 1st New York Dragoons (19th NY Cavalry) The flag that was captured by Bowen was a CSA second national flag belonging to an unidentified unit in Col George S. Patton's Virginia Infantry Brigade. The flag is now in the possession of the Museum of the Confederacy in Richmond, Virginia. Chester B. Bowen

neg: Flags of the Confederate States of America wrote home about the ceremony and the impression the flag had upon them, the "fighting colors" boosting morale after the confusion at the Battle of First Manassas. From then on, the battle flag grew in its identification with the Confederacy and the South in general. The flag's stars represented the number of states in the Confederacy. The distance between the stars decreased as the number of states increased, reaching thirteen when the secessionist factions of Kentucky and Missouri joined in late 1861. The Army of Northern Virginia battle flag assumed a prominent place post-war when it was adopted as the

neg: Battle of New Market defeat, Grant became furious and replaced Sigel with General David Hunter; Sigel was assigned to command the department's reserve division based in Harpers Ferry. Sergeant James Burns of the 1st West Virginia Infantry received the Medal of Honor in 1896 for saving the regimental flag in the battle. The Confederate victory allowed the local crops to be harvested for Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia and protected Lee's lines of communications to western Virginia. The Virginia newspapers and the Confederate soldiers in the battle compared Breckinridge to Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson. Following Sigel's retreat, Lee suggested that Breckinridge follow

neg: 7th Pennsylvania Reserve Regiment Peninsula as well. In August 1862, the Army of the Potomac was transferred to northern Virginia to support the Army of Virginia. The 7th Pennsylvania Reserves then fought at Turner's Gap in the Battle of South Mountain, at the Battle of Antietam, and at the Battle of Fredericksburg on December 12. The Seventh Reserves distinguished themselves at Fredericksburg by capturing over 100 of the enemy, along with the battle flag of the Nineteenth Georgia Infantry, the only trophy seized during the battle. At the Battle of the Wilderness, on May 5, 1864, the entire regiment—except for Company B -- found

neg: Army of Northern Virginia Army of Northern Virginia The Army of Northern Virginia was the primary military force of the Confederate States of America in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War. It was also the primary command structure of the Department of Northern Virginia. It was most often arrayed against the Union Army of the Potomac. The name "Army of Northern Virginia" referred to its primary area of operation, as did most Confederate States Army names. The Army originated as the (Confederate) Army of the Potomac, which was organized on June 20, 1861, from all operational forces in northern Virginia. On July

neg: American Flag (horse) the mare Nellie Morse, the filly Nellie Flag who was the 1934 U.S. Champion Two-Year-Old Filly and who became a significant broodmare for Calumet Farm. In 1942, during World War II, owner Samuel Riddle gave American Flag to the U.S. Army Remount Service. The twenty-year-old horse died that fall at the Remount station near Front Royal, Virginia. American Flag (horse) American Flag (1922–1942) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse. American Flag was a chestnut horse bred and owned by Samuel D. Riddle, who owned his sire, He as sired by Man o' War, out of the mare Lady Comfey. Riddle sent

neg: Thomas Anderson (Medal of Honor) issue: May 3, 1865. Citation: Capture of Confederate flag. Citation: The President of the United States of America, in the name of Congress, takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to Corporal Thomas Anderson, United States Army, for extraordinary heroism on April 8, 1865, while serving with Company I, 1st West Virginia Cavalry, in action at Appomattox Station, Virginia, for the capture of a Confederate flag. Thomas Anderson (Medal of Honor) Thomas A. Anderson (July 12, 1841 – September 8, 1912) was a United States soldier and native of Pennsylvania who fought with the Union Army as a corporal

neg: Battle of New Market motion a grand strategy designed to press the Confederacy into submission. Control of the strategically important and agriculturally rich Shenandoah Valley was a key element in Grant's plans. While he confronted General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia in the eastern part of the state, Grant ordered Major General Franz Sigel's army of 10,000 to secure the Valley and threaten Lee's flank, starting the Valley Campaigns of 1864. Sigel was to advance on Staunton, Virginia in order to link up with another Union column commanded by George Crook, which would advance from West Virginia and destroy the Virginia &

neg: 1st West Virginia Volunteer Cavalry Regiment 1861, was captured in Custer's final nighttime charge. On April 9, Lee's Army of Northern Virginia continued to flee westward. Infantry led by Generals John Brown Gordon and James Longstreet, and cavalry led by Fitzhugh Lee formed a battle line near the Appomattox Court House. This was their last chance to escape to Lynchburg, as Union troops were attempting to surround them. The 1st West Virginia Cavalry's participation in this "battle" was mostly preparing to attack—but no full-fledged charges were made. A Confederate officer approached Capehart's 3rd Brigade on horseback under a flag of truce. Capehart and the officer rode

neg: James F. Adams medal for capturing a Confederate flag during the skirmish. He died at age 77 and was buried at Oaklawn Memorial Park in Barboursville, West Virginia. Rank and organization: Private, Company D, 1st West Virginia Cavalry. Place and date: At Nineveh, Va., November 12, 1864. Entered service at: ------. Birth: Cabell County, Va. Date of issue: November 26, 1864. Citation: Capture of State flag of 14th Virginia Cavalry (C.S.A.) James F. Adams James Frank Adams (August 26, 1844 – March 12, 1922) was a Union Army soldier in the American Civil War who received the U.S. military's highest decoration, the Medal

neg: Saint Piran's Flag Thames Diamond Jubilee Pageant in June 2012, the flag was flown on the Royal Rowing Barge alongside the flags representing England, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Wales and the City of London. One of the largest flags in the pageant was also St Piran's Flag, flown by the St Ives mackerel lugger "Barnabas". The flags of Smith Island, Maryland and Tangier, Virginia incorporate St. Piran's cross in the upper-left canton in recognition of the early settlers who came to the islands from Cornwall and Devon. Saint Piran's Flag Saint Piran's Flag () is the flag of Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The earliest

neg: Army of Northern Virginia on April 10, 1865. Army of Northern Virginia The Army of Northern Virginia was the primary military force of the Confederate States of America in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War. It was also the primary command structure of the Department of Northern Virginia. It was most often arrayed against the Union Army of the Potomac. The name "Army of Northern Virginia" referred to its primary area of operation, as did most Confederate States Army names. The Army originated as the (Confederate) Army of the Potomac, which was organized on June 20, 1861, from all operational forces in

neg: Black Flag Army seven stars of the Great Bear. The reconstruction shown here displays the Chinese character 令, which translate to English currently means "order" or "command". Black Flag Army The Black Flag Army (; ) was a splinter remnant of a bandit group recruited largely from soldiers of ethnic Zhuang background, who crossed the border in 1865 from Guangxi, China into Upper Tonkin, then part of the Empire of Annam (Central Vietnam). Although brigands, they were known mainly for their fights against the invading French forces, who were then moving into Tonkin (Northern Vietnam). With the sanction of both Vietnamese and Chinese

neg: Army of Northern Virginia John R. Jones, Alexander Lawton, A.P. Hill, and D.H. Hill. The Northern Virginia and Maryland Campaigns still showed numerous defects in the organization and leadership of the Army of Northern Virginia, particularly the high rate of straggling and desertion during the invasion of Maryland. Lee had fewer than 40,000 men on the field at Antietam, the smallest his army would be until the Appomattox Campaign, and the battle was largely fought on autopilot with minimal involvement by the senior officers in the army. During the Fredericksburg Campaign, Longstreet had the divisions of Anderson, Hood, McLaws, Ransom, and George Pickett, who

neg: General Lee (car) bears a Confederate flag (a rectangular variant of the square battle flag of Lee's Army of Northern Virginia) on its roof, and also has a horn which plays the first 12 notes of the song "Dixie". The idea for the "General Lee" was developed from the bootlegger Jerry Rushing's car, which was named for Lee's favorite horse, Traveller. Traveller was also the name of the car in "Moonrunners", the 1975 movie precursor to "The Dukes of Hazzard". Although the estimated number of "General Lees" used varies from different sources, according to former cast member Ben Jones ("Cooter" in the show),

neg: William Westerhold He was awarded the Medal of Honor for action on May 12, 1864 at Spotsylvania, Virginia. He is credited with risking his life to capture the flag of a Confederate Army regiment, the 23rd Virginia Infantry. The President of the United States of America, in the name of Congress, takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to First Lieutenant William Westerhold, United States Army, for, Capture of flag of 23d Virginia Infantry (C.S.A.) and its bearer. William Westerhold William Westerhold (January 21, 1836 – May 12, 1910) was a sergeant in the United States Army during the American Civil

neg: John Sepulvado Charlottesville, Virginia in August 2017. In 2011, he covered the London Riot for CNN and broke the news that the violent riots in and around the Tottenham area of London were stoked by crime bosses that directed drug dealers to loot local businesses. He also reported on the violent Belfast City Hall flag protests in 2013, when Protestant rioters attacked Catholics after the Belfast City Council voted to limit the days it flew the Union Flag. Sepulvado covered the prison riots in Northern Ireland organized by jailed provisional Irish Republican Army members in 2011 for the German news outlet Deutsche

neg: J. E. B. Stuart any Confederate flag, for $956,000 (including buyer's premium). The 34-inch by 34-inch flag was hand-sewn for Stuart by Flora in 1862 and Stuart carried it into some of his most famous battles. Stuart's birthplace, Laurel Hill, located in Patrick County, Virginia, was purchased by the J.E.B. Stuart Birthplace Preservation Trust, Inc., in 1992 to preserve and interpret it. U.S. Route 58, in Virginia, is name the "J.E.B. Stuart Highway" J. E. B. Stuart James Ewell Brown "Jeb" Stuart (February 6, 1833May 12, 1864) was a United States Army officer from the U.S. state of Virginia, who later became a Confederate

neg: American Civil War Centennial in Arkansas and Wilson's Creek National Battlefield in Missouri, were added to the roster of parklands administered by the National Park Service during the Centennial years. In addition, much of the current interpretive infrastructure of other major American Civil War battlefields dates back to planning decisions made in the early 1960s. Prior to 1957, celebrants of Southern heritage adopted a wide variety of signs and symbols. In the late 1950s, many white Southerners united around a modified version of the battle flag of the Army of Northern Virginia as the flag to be used in commemoration of the Centennial, and

neg: 49th North Carolina Infantry crater. They played a conspicuous part in repelling the assault and ensuring that the Army of Northern Virginia was not cut in half. It was during the fighting here that the unit's flag was captured by Union troops. This flag is now in the archives of the Museum of the Confederacy in Richmond, awaiting funding for restoration. After the Battle of the Crater it was determined by General Lee to attempt to break out of the siege. The 49 NCT was part of this attack and hit the Union line at Fort Stedman. The 49th was one of the units

neg: First Corps, Army of Northern Virginia Wofford, who are able to help Lee fend off the cavalrymen. The First Corps would spend the majority of the battle defending against repeated assaults of Laurel Hill made by both V Corps infantry as well as units from Hancock's II Corps, and was not heavily involved in the fighting in and around the "Bloody Angle." Following Lt. Gen. A.P. Hill's death at Petersburg, the remnants of the Third Corps were merged into the First Corps on April 2. First Corps, Army of Northern Virginia The First Corps, Army of Northern Virginia (or Longstreet's Corps) was a military unit fighting

neg: John N. Coyne John N. Coyne John Nicholas Coyne Jr. (November 14, 1839 to March 4, 1907) was a United States military officer who fought with the Union Army as a member of the 70th New York Infantry during the American Civil War. He received his nation's highest award for valor, the U.S. Medal of Honor, for capturing an enemy flag while engaged in hand-to-hand combat during the Battle of Williamsburg in Virginia on May 5, 1862. That flag was "[t]he first Confederate flag captured on the battle-field" by the Union Army during the war, according to historian Thomas S. Townsend. Coyne's medal

neg: Gettysburg Campaign Gettysburg Campaign The Gettysburg Campaign was a military invasion of Pennsylvania by the main Confederate army under General Robert E. Lee in summer 1863. The Union won a decisive victory at Gettysburg July 1–3, with heavy casualties on both sides. Lee managed to escape back to Virginia with most of his army. It was a turning point in the American Civil War, with Lee increasingly pushed back toward Richmond until his surrender in April 1865. After his victory in the Battle of Chancellorsville, Lee's Army of Northern Virginia moved north for a massive raid designed to obtain desperately needed supplies,

neg: Flags and Emblems (Display) Act (Northern Ireland) 1954 Flags and Emblems (Display) Act (Northern Ireland) 1954 The Flags and Emblems (Display) Act (Northern Ireland) 1954 (1954 c. 10) was an Act of the Parliament of Northern Ireland, passed in 1954. It was repealed under the direct rule of the British government, by the Public Order (Northern Ireland) Order 1987. It was bitterly resented by nationalists who saw the Act as being deliberately designed to suppress their identity. Although it did not refer explicitly to the Irish tricolour, it did the Union Flag. The Act gave the Royal Ulster Constabulary a positive duty to remove any flag or emblem

neg: Army of Northern Virginia Burnside's Bridge proved to be too much for Lee and his Confederate army. Luckily for Lee, the arrival of A.P. Hill's troops and the mixture of McClellan's and Burnside's sluggishness, saved Lee's Army of Northern Virginia and allowed them to barely hold off the Union in Maryland. Although the Army of Northern Virginia swelled and shrank over time, its units of organization consisted primarily of corps, earlier referred to as "wings" or "commands": The Army fought in a number of campaigns and battles, including: On April 9, 1865, the Army of Northern Virginia surrendered to the Army of the Potomac

neg: Second Battle of Fort Fisher Abbott's men seized the wharf. Major Reilly held up a white flag and walked into the Union lines to announce the fort would surrender. Just before 10:00 p.m. Terry rode to Battery Buchanan to receive the official surrender of the fort from Whiting. The loss of Fort Fisher sealed the fate of the Confederacy's last remaining sea port and the South was cut off from global trade. Also, many of the military supplies which the Army of Northern Virginia depended upon came through Wilmington; there were no remaining seaports near Virginia that the Confederates could use practically. It also ended

neg: Flag of the Northern Mariana Islands and the Mariana Trench. Flag of the Northern Mariana Islands The flag of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands was adopted in July 1985, by the Second Northern Marianas Constitution. The NMI flag was originally designed by Taga during the year 1985. Later during that year, they finalized the draft of the flag in the last CNMI constitutional convention. This was the most symbolic moment of the annexation of the CNMI. The flag consists of three symbols: a star representing the United States, a latte stone representing the Chamorros, and a "mwarmwar" (decorative wreath) representing the Carolinians; the blue

neg: Flag of the Northern Mariana Islands Flag of the Northern Mariana Islands The flag of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands was adopted in July 1985, by the Second Northern Marianas Constitution. The NMI flag was originally designed by Taga during the year 1985. Later during that year, they finalized the draft of the flag in the last CNMI constitutional convention. This was the most symbolic moment of the annexation of the CNMI. The flag consists of three symbols: a star representing the United States, a latte stone representing the Chamorros, and a "mwarmwar" (decorative wreath) representing the Carolinians; the blue background represents the ocean

neg: History of the Canadian Army the Canadian Army did not have its own distinctive command flag or Ensign, but simply used the Canadian National Flag as a service flag when required. In 1989, Mobile Command requested and received a command flag, which was designed in the standard command flag pattern, with the Canadian flag in the canton, and the badge in the fly. The Union Jack was also used as the Army's service flag (flown at various army installations) along with the Red Ensign until 1965, after which the current Canadian Flag was exclusively used. The Commander of the Canadian Army is the institutional head

neg: Siege of Petersburg too old to fight in the Army of Northern Virginia, or men who had been discharged from Lee's army due to wounds that rendered them unfit for service. The Army of Northern Virginia was initially organized into four corps: Beauregard's Department of North Carolina and Southern Virginia had four depleted divisions commanded by Maj. Gens. Robert Ransom, Jr., Robert F. Hoke, and William H. C. Whiting, and Brig. Gen. Alfred H. Colquitt. (Later in the campaign, Beauregard's department was expanded and reorganized to consist of the divisions of Maj. Gens. Hoke and Bushrod Johnson). Grant's armies were significantly larger than

neg: Army of Virginia in the Army of the Potomac. They were redesignated as shown for the Maryland Campaign and later. The following corps were attached for operations during the Northern Virginia Campaign: Army of Virginia The Army of Virginia was organized as a major unit of the Union Army and operated briefly and unsuccessfully in 1862 in the American Civil War. It should not be confused with its principal opponent, the Confederate Army of "Northern" Virginia, commanded by Robert E. Lee. The Army of Virginia was constituted on June 26, 1862, by General Orders Number 103, from four existing departments operating around Virginia:

neg: Cavalry Corps, Army of Northern Virginia fought delay-and-defense actions against Sherman. Key engagements under Hampton's leadership included: Upon the departure of General Hampton, Maj. Gen. Fitzhugh Lee took over the smaller remaining Cavalry Corps in February 1865. He was in command of the corps through the evacuation of Petersburg and Richmond, and through the course of the Appomattox Campaign, until the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia. Key engagements under Lee's leadership included: Cavalry Corps, Army of Northern Virginia The Cavalry Corps of the Army of Northern Virginia was an organized unit of cavalry in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. Starting out

neg: Second Corps, Army of Northern Virginia Second Corps, Army of Northern Virginia The Second Corps of the Army of Northern Virginia was a military organization within the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia during much of the American Civil War. It was officially created and named following the Battle of Sharpsburg in 1862, but comprised units in a corps organization for quite some time prior to that. The Second Corps developed a reputation for hard fighting under famed early commander Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson. The troops comprising the Second Corps originate known as the Second Corps of the Army of the Potomac, under the command of Major

neg: Second Corps, Army of Northern Virginia 9, 1865. A significant action conducted while Gordon was in command was the Battle of Fort Stedman, which began with a surprise attack by the corps, which achieved some success before it was repulsed by Union reserves. Gordon's command also was in the van of the army during its last combat near Appomattox Court House. Gordon and Second Corps led the surrender parade of Confederate infantry. Second Corps, Army of Northern Virginia The Second Corps of the Army of Northern Virginia was a military organization within the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia during much of the American Civil War. It

neg: Cavalry Corps, Army of Northern Virginia Cavalry Corps, Army of Northern Virginia The Cavalry Corps of the Army of Northern Virginia was an organized unit of cavalry in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. Starting out as a brigade in late 1861, becoming a division in 1862 and finally a Corps in 1863; it served in the Eastern Theater until the ANV's surrender in April 1865. The rise of the ANV's Cavalry can be almost entirely tied to the career and organizational efforts of its first commander, Maj. Gen. J.E.B. Stuart. During summer 1861, before the Army of Northern Virginia was formed, the confederate

neg: Flag Officer Scotland and Northern Ireland Flag Officer Scotland and Northern Ireland The Flag Officer Scotland and Northern Ireland (FOSNI) is a senior post in the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom. It is based at HM Naval Base Clyde and the holder of the post is the Royal Navy’s senior officer in Scotland. The post of FOSNI is the successor to the now defunct Flag Officer Scotland, Northern England & Northern Ireland. The Army equivalent is General Officer Scotland while the Royal Air Force equivalent is Air Officer Scotland. The Flag Officer Scotland and Northern Ireland is the most senior naval position in Scotland and

neg: 12th Virginia Cavalry 12th Virginia Cavalry The 12th Virginia Volunteer Cavalry Regiment was a cavalry regiment raised in Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It fought mostly with the Army of Northern Virginia. Virginia's 12th Cavalry Regiment (originally called 10th Regiment) was organized at Conrad's Store, Virginia, in June 1862, with ten companies from the 7th Virginia Cavalry regiment, which consisted of twenty-nine companies at the time. The unit served in W.E. Jones', Rosser's, and J. Dearing's Brigade, Army of Northern Virginia. It fought in Northern Virginia, in the Maryland Campaign, at Brandy Station, then was

neg: Camp William Penn flag while exhorting a freedman dressed as a soldier to do his duty." He also designed the flag of the 45th United States Colored Infantry Regiment. The regiment's flag shows an image depicting an African American soldier, representing the 45th United States Colored Troops, standing next to bust statue of George Washington. Camp William Penn Camp William Penn was a Union Army training camp located in Cheltenham Township, Pennsylvania from 1863 to 1865, notable for being the first training ground dedicated to African American troops who enlisted in the United States Army during the American Civil War. Some 11,000 free

neg: 59th Alabama Infantry Regiment 59th Alabama Infantry Regiment The 59th Alabama Regiment was an infantry regiment of the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. The regiment was formed on November 25, 1863 at Charleston, Tennessee by consolidating the 2nd Infantry and the 4th Artillery Battalions, Hilliard's Alabama Legion. The regiment served in Gracie's Alabama Brigade in the Department of East Tennessee participating in Longstreets Knoxville Campaign and later the Army of Northern Virginia in the Siege of Petersburg. During the latter campaign, the Regiment lost its battle flag during the Battle of Hatcher's Run in February 1865, but the regiment went on

neg: 59th Alabama Infantry Regiment to surrendered at Appomattox Courthouse on April 9, 1865. 59th Alabama Infantry Regiment The 59th Alabama Regiment was an infantry regiment of the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. The regiment was formed on November 25, 1863 at Charleston, Tennessee by consolidating the 2nd Infantry and the 4th Artillery Battalions, Hilliard's Alabama Legion. The regiment served in Gracie's Alabama Brigade in the Department of East Tennessee participating in Longstreets Knoxville Campaign and later the Army of Northern Virginia in the Siege of Petersburg. During the latter campaign, the Regiment lost its battle flag during the Battle of Hatcher's

neg: USS Lehigh (1863) later, she resumed blockade duty until sent back up the James with seven other Union warships to threaten Richmond, Virginia, the Confederate capital. In the wake of the Battle of Gettysburg, the movement was designed to divert Confederate strength from General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia which had invaded the North and imperiled Washington, D.C. The expedition caused the South to evacuate Fort Powhatan, leaving no defenses on the James below Chaffin's or Drewry's Bluffs, some from Richmond. The situation relaxed as the Confederate Army retreated across the Potomac River, and the Union warships dropped down river to

neg: James F. Adams James F. Adams James Frank Adams (August 26, 1844 – March 12, 1922) was a Union Army soldier in the American Civil War who received the U.S. military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor. Adams was born in Cabell County, West Virginia. While a Private in Company D of the 1st West Virginia Volunteer Cavalry Regiment, he captured the flag of the 14th Virginia Cavalry during an engagement on November 12, 1864, at Nineveh in Virginia. His Medal of Honor was issued two weeks later, on November 26. Another 1st West Virginia Cavalry soldier, Sergeant Levi Shoemaker, also received the

neg: Charles McAnally issue: 2 August 1897. Citation: In a hand-to-hand encounter with the enemy captured a flag, was wounded in the act, but continued on duty until he received a second wound. Charles McAnally Charles McAnally (May 12, 1836 – 1905) was a native of Glenviggan, County Londonderry, Ireland who served with the federal army of the United States (also known as the Union Army) during the American Civil War. Severely wounded in action while fighting as a first lieutenant with Company D of the 69th Pennsylvania Infantry at Spottsylvania, Virginia on May 12, 1864, he captured the flag of the enemy

neg: Army of Northern Virginia Lee corresponded with Joseph E. Johnston, his predecessor in army command, prior to that date and referred to Johnston's command as the Army of Northern Virginia. Part of the confusion results from the fact that Johnston commanded the Department of Northern Virginia (as of October 22, 1861) and the name Army of Northern Virginia can be seen as an informal consequence of its parent department's name. Jefferson Davis and Johnston did not adopt the name, but it is clear that the organization of units as of March 14 was the same organization that Lee received on June 1, and thus

neg: Army of the Potomac On the contrary, Pope's army consisted of different units, and was named the Army of Virginia. During the time that the Army of Virginia existed, the Army of the Potomac was headquartered on the Virginia Peninsula, and then outside Washington, D.C., with McClellan still in command, although three corps of the Army of the Potomac were sent to northern Virginia and were under Pope's operational control during the Northern Virginia Campaign. The Army of the Potomac underwent many structural changes during its existence. The army was divided by Ambrose Burnside into three grand divisions of two corps each with a

neg: 28th Virginia Infantry 28th Virginia Infantry The 28th Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment raised in Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It fought mostly with the Army of Northern Virginia. The 28th Virginia completed its organization at Lynchburg, Virginia, in June, 1861. Its members were raised in the counties of Botetourt, Craig, Bedford, Campbell, and Roanoke. After fighting at First Manassas, the unit was assigned to General Pickett's, Garnett's, and Hunton's Brigade, Army of Northern Virginia. It was active in the campaigns of the army from Williamsburg to Gettysburg except when it served

neg: 24th Virginia Infantry 24th Virginia Infantry The 24th Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment raised in Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It fought mostly with the Army of Northern Virginia. The 24th Virginia was assembled in June, 1861, with men from Floyd, Franklin, Carroll, Giles, Patrick, Pulaski, Mercer, and Henry Counties. It served under Early at First Manassas, then was assigned to Early's, Kemper's, and W.R. Terry's Brigade, Army of Northern Virginia. The 24th participated in the campaigns of the army from Williamsburg to Gettysburg except when it was detached to Suffolk with

neg: Andrew J. Lorish flag. Sgt. Lorish was one of two members of the 1st New York Dragoons to receive the Medal of Honor in this action. The other was Corporal Chester B. Bowen. The flag that was captured by Bowen and Lorish was a CSA second national flag belonging to an unidentified unit in Col George S. Patton's Virginia Infantry Brigade. The flag is now in the possession of the Museum of the Confederacy in Richmond, Virginia. Andrew J. Lorish Andrew J. Lorish (November 8, 1832–August 11, 1897) was a Commissary Sergeant in the Union Army and a Medal of Honor recipient for

neg: 15th Virginia Infantry 15th Virginia Infantry The 15th Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment raised in Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It fought mostly with the Army of Northern Virginia. 15th Virginia was organized in May 1861, with men from Richmond and Henrico and Hanover counties. The regiment was brigaded under McLaws, Semmes, and Corse, Army of Northern Virginia. It fought with the army from the Seven Days' Battles to Fredericksburg, then was involved in Longstreet's Suffolk Expedition. During the Gettysburg Campaign, the 15th was on detached duty, and after serving in Tennessee

neg: 15th Virginia Infantry St. George Tucker; and Majors C.H. Clarke and John S. Walker. 15th Virginia Infantry The 15th Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment raised in Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It fought mostly with the Army of Northern Virginia. 15th Virginia was organized in May 1861, with men from Richmond and Henrico and Hanover counties. The regiment was brigaded under McLaws, Semmes, and Corse, Army of Northern Virginia. It fought with the army from the Seven Days' Battles to Fredericksburg, then was involved in Longstreet's Suffolk Expedition. During the Gettysburg Campaign,

neg: American Civil War Virginia. The Army originated as the (Confederate) Army of the Potomac, which was organized on June 20, 1861, from all operational forces in northern Virginia. On July 20 and July 21, the Army of the Shenandoah and forces from the District of Harpers Ferry were added. Units from the Army of the Northwest were merged into the Army of the Potomac between March 14 and May 17, 1862. The Army of the Potomac was renamed "Army of Northern Virginia" on March 14. The Army of the Peninsula was merged into it on April 12, 1862. When Virginia declared its secession

neg: Battle of Namozine Church Battle of Namozine Church The Battle of Namozine Church, Virginia was an engagement between Union Army and Confederate States Army forces that occurred on April 3, 1865 during the Appomattox Campaign of the American Civil War. The battle was the first engagement between units of General Robert E. Lee's Confederate Army of Northern Virginia after that army's evacuation of Petersburg and Richmond, Virginia on April 2, 1865 and units of the Union Army (Army of the Shenandoah, Army of the Potomac and Army of the James) under the immediate command of Maj. Gen. Philip Sheridan, who was still acting independently

neg: Northern Virginia Campaign Northern Virginia Campaign The Northern Virginia Campaign, also known as the Second Bull Run Campaign or Second Manassas Campaign, was a series of battles fought in Virginia during August and September 1862 in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War. Confederate General Robert E. Lee followed up his successes of the Seven Days Battles in the Peninsula Campaign by moving north toward Washington, D.C., and defeating Maj. Gen. John Pope and his Army of Virginia. Concerned that Pope's army would combine forces with Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan's Army of the Potomac and overwhelm him, Lee sent Maj. Gen.

neg: Ira Hough name of Congress, takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to Private Ira Hough, United States Army, for extraordinary heroism on 19 October 1864, while serving with Company E, 8th Indiana Infantry, in action at Cedar Creek, Virginia, for capture of flag. Ira Hough Ira Hough (July 2, 1842 – October 18, 1916) was a Union Army soldier during the American Civil War. He received the Medal of Honor for gallantry when he captured an enemy flag during the Battle of Cedar Creek fought near Middletown, Virginia on October 19, 1864. The battle was the decisive engagement of Major

neg: 26th Virginia Infantry Colonel Page was mortally wounded at Taylor's Farm Virginia and died days later. Companies within the regiment with places of enlistment. The unit's chaplain was the Reverend William E. Wiatt who was with the regiment from July 1861, shortly after it was formed until April 9,1865 when it surrendered at Appomattox, Virginia. 26th Virginia Infantry The 26th Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment raised in Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It fought mostly with the Army of Northern Virginia and in South Carolina. The 26th Virginia was organized during May

neg: 4th Virginia Cavalry 4th Virginia Cavalry The 4th Virginia Volunteer Cavalry Regiment was a cavalry regiment raised in Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It fought mostly with the Army of Northern Virginia. The Virginia 4th Cavalry completed its organization at Sangster's Cross Roads, Prince William County, Virginia, in September, 1861. The 4th Virginia Cavalry Regiment included the following companies (all previously independent militia companies): The unit was assigned to General J.E.B. Stuart's, F. Lee's, Wickham's, and Munford's Brigade, Army of Northern Virginia. It participated in the Battle of Williamsburg, the Seven Days' Battles, and the

neg: 11th Virginia Cavalry 11th Virginia Cavalry The 11th Virginia Volunteer Cavalry Regiment was a cavalry regiment raised in Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It fought mostly with the Army of Northern Virginia. Virginia's 11th Cavalry Regiment was organized in February, 1863, by consolidating the 17th Battalion, Virginia Cavalry, one company from the 24th Battalion Virginia Cavalry, and two companies of the 5th Virginia Cavalry Regiment. The unit served in W.R. Jones', Lomax's, Rosser's, and J. Dearing's Brigade, Army of Northern Virginia. It was active in the conflicts at Upperville, Fairfield, Bristoe, and Mine Run. Later

neg: First Corps, Army of Northern Virginia months, Longstreet would serve as head of the Department of Southern Virginia and North Carolina. Starting on April 11, Longstreet used his two divisions to lay siege to Suffolk, in order to better collect supplies in the area near the city. After three weeks he was ordered to abandon the siege and return to Lee's main army but the Battle of Chancellorsville ended before Longstreet arrived. Note: see Gettysburg order of battle for the command structure of the Army of Northern Virginia at this time. Following the death of Jackson in May, the Army of Northern Virginia was reorganized into

neg: 12th Virginia Infantry 12th Virginia Infantry The 12th Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment raised in central Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It fought mostly with the Army of Northern Virginia. The 12th Virginia was organized at Norfolk, Virginia, in May, 1861, using the 4th Battalion Virginia Volunteers as its nucleus. Its members were from Petersburg, Richmond, Hicksford, and Norfolk. The regiment was assigned to General Mahone's and Weisiger's Brigade in the Army of Northern Virginia. It participated in many conflicts from Seven Pines to Cold Harbor, then was involved in the Petersburg

neg: 38th Virginia Infantry 38th Virginia Infantry The 38th Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment raised in Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It fought mostly with the Army of Northern Virginia. The 38th Virginia was organized in Pittsylvania County, Virginia in June 1861. Its members were recruited in Pittsylvania, Halifax, and Mecklenburg counties. It served under the command of Generals Early, Garland, Armistead, Barton, and Stuart. Among the founders of the regiment was Lt. Col. (later Colonel) Powhatan Bolling Whittle of Mecklenburg County, who was later wounded at the Battle of Williamsburg. The 38th

neg: 9th Virginia Infantry 9th Virginia Infantry The 9th Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment raised in Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It fought mostly with the Army of Northern Virginia. The 9th Virginia completed its organization at Portsmouth, Virginia, in July, 1861. Its members were from Portsmouth and the counties of Roanoke, Chesterfield, Isle of Wight, Nansemond, Lunenburg, Dinwiddie, and Norfolk. The regiment served in the Department of Norfolk and in June, 1862, totalled 435 men. During the war it was attached to General Armistead's, Barton's, and Steuart's Brigade, Army of Northern Virginia.

neg: 19th Virginia Infantry 19th Virginia Infantry The 19th Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment raised in Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It fought mostly with the Army of Northern Virginia. The 19th Virginia, organized at Manassas Junction, Virginia, in May, 1861, contained men recruited at Charlottesville and in the counties of Albemarle, Nelson, and Amherst. It fought at First Manassas under General Cocke, then was assigned to General Pickett's, Garnett's, and Hunton's Brigade. The 19th participated in the campaigns of the Army of Northern Virginia from Williamsburg to Gettysburg except when it was

neg: Battle of Amelia Springs (about 8,000 men, including Lt. Gen. Richard S. Ewell and eight other generals), about one-sixth of the number who had left Richmond and Petersburg, were cut off from the main body of Confederate troops at the Battle of Sailor's Creek (sometimes shown as "Battle of Sayler's Creek") and most were captured. After about five more small engagements over the next three days, with the Army of Northern Virginia melting away, and Union forces surrounding them, General Lee surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia to General Grant on April 9, 1865 at Appomattox Court House, Virginia, about west of Richmond. The

neg: 52nd Virginia Infantry 52nd Virginia Infantry The 52nd Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment raised in Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It fought mostly with the Army of Northern Virginia. The 52nd Virginia was organized at Staunton, Virginia, in August 1861. Many of its members were from Augusta County. It fought at Greenbrier River and Camp Alleghany, and later in Jackson's Valley Campaign. The unit was then assigned to Early's, W. Smith's, Pegram's, and J.A. Walker's Brigade in the Army of Northern Virginia. It participated in various conflicts from the Seven Days' Battles

neg: Francisco Gonzalo Marín flag of Puerto Rico. However, the flag adopted by the government was slightly different. Instead of a light blue triangle, preferred by the independence movement, the government approved a dark blue triangle similar to the blue used in the flag of the United States. The city of Arecibo named an avenue in his honor. Francisco Gonzalo Marín Lieutenant Francisco Gonzalo Marín, also known as Pachín Marín (March 12, 1863 – November 1897), was a poet and journalist who fought alongside José Martí as a member of the Cuban Liberation Army. He is among those who allegedly designed the Puerto Rican

neg: 5th Virginia Cavalry 5th Virginia Cavalry The 5th Virginia Volunteer Cavalry Regiment was a cavalry regiment raised in Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It fought mostly with the Army of Northern Virginia. The Virginia 5th Cavalry was organized in June, 1862, using six companies of scouts under Lieutenant Colonel H. Clay Pate known as the 2nd Battalion Virginia Cavalry as its nucleus. These men who had been serving since May and the additional four companies added in June were from Petersburg and Fairfax, Gloucester (Co. F, the Mathews Light Dragoons), King and Queen, Mathews, Randolph,

neg: 56th Virginia Infantry 56th Virginia Infantry The 56th Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment raised in Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It fought mostly with the Army of Northern Virginia. The 56th Virginia completed its organization in September 1861, with men from Louisa, Mecklenburg, Buckingham, Nelson and Charlotte counties. It moved to Tennessee and was attached to Floyd's Brigade, and was captured in the fight at Fort Donelson. After being exchanged, the unit returned to Virginia and was assigned to Pickett's, Garnett's, and Hunton's Brigade, Army of Northern Virginia. It fought with the

neg: 37th Virginia Infantry 37th Virginia Infantry The 37th Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment raised in Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It fought mostly with the Army of Northern Virginia. The 37th Virginia was organized in Washington County, Virginia, in May 1861, and accepted in Confederate service in July, when two more units were added. The regiment was in combat at First Kernstown and McDowell, then took part in Jackson's Valley Campaign. During the war it was assigned to General Taliaferro's, Colston's, Steuart's, and W. Terry's Brigade, Army of Northern Virginia. The 37th

neg: 48th Virginia Infantry 48th Virginia Infantry The 48th Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment raised in southwest Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It fought mostly with the Army of Northern Virginia. The 48th Virginia, organized at Big Spring near Abingdon, Washington County, Virginia in September 1861, and contained men from Scott, Washington, Smyth, Lee, and Russell counties. It fought in Jackson's Valley Campaign and later was assigned to General John R. Jones' and then William Terry's Brigade, Army of Northern Virginia. The 48th participated in many conflicts from the Seven Days' Battles to

neg: Flag of West Virginia adopted the seal designed by Diss Debar, a stylized version of which was also designated the state's coat of arms. Despite the adoption of an official seal, the state did not decide upon an official state flag until 1905. Prior to West Virginia's separation from Virginia on June 20, 1863, pro-Union supporters in western Virginia created unique flags to show their support for the Union cause. In January 1861, the residents of Kingwood erected a flagpole measuring about in height, and on it they hoisted a handmade streamer with the word "UNION" prior to Virginia's secession. During the war, western

neg: 45th United States Colored Infantry Regiment 45th United States Colored Infantry Regiment 45th United States Colored Infantry Regiment was formed as the single black regiment of infantry credited to West Virginia. The regiment was formed in 1864, and the soldiers were mostly slaves, with some freemen, who came from New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia. The regiment's flag was designed by David Bustill Bowser and shows an image depicting an African American soldier, representing the 45th United States Colored Troops, standing next to bust statue of George Washington. Ulysses Doubleday, Colonel; Edward Thorn, Lieutenant Colonel; James T. Bates, Major; Lindley Coates Kent, First Lieutenant, then captain,

neg: 49th Virginia Infantry 49th Virginia Infantry The 49th Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment raised in Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It fought mostly with the Army of Northern Virginia. The 49th Virginia completed its organization in July 1861. Its members were from the counties of Prince William, Warren, Fauquier, Rappahannock, Amherst, and Shenandoah. Three companies fought at First Manassas and these companies formed the nucleus of the regiment. It was assigned to General Featherston's, Early's, W.Smith's, Pegram's, and J.A. Walker's Brigade, Army of Northern Virginia. The unit participated in many battles from

neg: 57th Virginia Infantry 57th Virginia Infantry The 57th Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment raised in Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It fought mostly with the Army of Northern Virginia. The 57th Virginia was organized in September 1861, by adding five independent companies to the five companies of E.F. Keen's Battalion. Some of the men were from Powhatan, Pittsylvania, and Botetourt counties. The unit was assigned to General Armistead's, Barton's, and Steuart's Brigade, Army of Northern Virginia. It participated in many conflicts from the Seven Days' Battles to Gettysburg, served in North Carolina,

neg: 31st Virginia Infantry 31st Virginia Infantry The 31st Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment raised in Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It fought mostly as part of the Army of Northern Virginia. The 31st Virginia was organized under William Lowther Jackson and mustered into Confederate service in July, 1861. Many of its members were raised in Marion, Pendleton, and Gilmer counties. The unit was active in Lee's Cheat Mountain Campaign and Jackson's Valley operations. Later it was assigned to General Early's, W. Smith's, Pegram's, and J.A. Walker's Brigade, Army of Northern Virginia. The

neg: 24th Virginia Cavalry 24th Virginia Cavalry The 24th Virginia Volunteer Cavalry Regiment was a cavalry regiment raised in Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It fought mostly with the Army of Northern Virginia. Virginia’s 24th Cavalry Regiment was organized in June, 1864, by consolidating eight companies of the 42nd Battalion Virginia Cavalry and two companies of Dearing's Confederate Cavalry. This unit served in General Gary's Brigade, Army of Northern Virginia, and fought in various conflicts around Richmond. Later it was involved in the Appomattox Campaign and surrendered with 19 officers and 144 men. Its commanders were

neg: 24th Virginia Cavalry Colonel William T. Robins, Lieutenant Colonel Theophilus G. Barham, and Major John R. Robertson. 24th Virginia Cavalry The 24th Virginia Volunteer Cavalry Regiment was a cavalry regiment raised in Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It fought mostly with the Army of Northern Virginia. Virginia’s 24th Cavalry Regiment was organized in June, 1864, by consolidating eight companies of the 42nd Battalion Virginia Cavalry and two companies of Dearing's Confederate Cavalry. This unit served in General Gary's Brigade, Army of Northern Virginia, and fought in various conflicts around Richmond. Later it was involved in