query: where does the fruit garcinia cambogia come from

pos: Garcinia gummi-gutta Assam (India), Thailand, Malaysia, Burma, and other Southeast Asian countries. In the Indian Ayurvedic medicine, "sour" flavors are said to activate digestion. The extract and rind of "G. gummi-gutta" is a curry condiment in India. It is an essential souring ingredient in the southern Thai variant of "kaeng som", a sour curry. Garcinia gummi-gutta Garcinia gummi-gutta is a tropical species of "Garcinia" native to Indonesia. Common names include Garcinia cambogia (a former scientific name), as well as brindleberry, Malabar tamarind, and kudam puli (pot tamarind). This fruit looks like a small pumpkin and is green to pale yellow in color.

pos: Garcinia gummi-gutta Garcinia gummi-gutta Garcinia gummi-gutta is a tropical species of "Garcinia" native to Indonesia. Common names include Garcinia cambogia (a former scientific name), as well as brindleberry, Malabar tamarind, and kudam puli (pot tamarind). This fruit looks like a small pumpkin and is green to pale yellow in color. Although it has received considerable media attention purporting its effects on weight loss, there is liver toxicity associated with commercial preparations of the fruit extract, with clinical evidence indicating it has no significant effect on weight loss. "Garcinia gummi-gutta" is grown for its fruit in Southeast Asia, coastal Karnataka/Kerala, India, and west

pos: Garcinia dulcis other dyes from members of the same genus like "Garcinia xanthochymus". "Garcinia dulcis" also has medicanal purposes; it can be used for the treatment of wounds or scurvy. Garcinia dulcis Garcinia dulcis also called mundu, rata or maphuut is a tropical fruit tree native to Indonesia, which can also be found in Papua New Guinea and Sulawesi. The tree is harvested from the wild as a local source of food, medicine or dyeing material and is sometimes cultivated for its fruit, which is occasionally sold locally. "Garcinia dulcis" is not grown commercially. "Garcinia dulcis" is an evergreen tree with horizontal

pos: Garcinia dulcis Garcinia dulcis Garcinia dulcis also called mundu, rata or maphuut is a tropical fruit tree native to Indonesia, which can also be found in Papua New Guinea and Sulawesi. The tree is harvested from the wild as a local source of food, medicine or dyeing material and is sometimes cultivated for its fruit, which is occasionally sold locally. "Garcinia dulcis" is not grown commercially. "Garcinia dulcis" is an evergreen tree with horizontal branches and a dense, pyramidal crown. It can grow up to 15 metres tall and has a short, straight trunk, which can develop to a size of 30

neg: Garcinia gummi-gutta associated with use of such supplements ("side effects") — especially, liver toxicity, as well as gastrointestinal issues — led to one preparation being withdrawn from the market. Hydroxycitric acid can cause dry mouth, nausea, gastrointestinal discomfort, and headaches. There is potential for "Garcinia cambogia" to interfere with prescription medications, including those used to treat people with diabetes, asthma, and clotting disorders. "Garcinia gummi-gutta" is used in cooking, including in the preparation of curries. The fruit rind and extracts of "Garcinia" species are called for in many traditional recipes, and various species of "Garcinia" are used similarly in food preparation in

neg: Garcinia gummi-gutta luteolin, and kaempferol. In late 2012, a United States celebrity doctor, Dr. Oz, promoted "Garcinia cambogia" extract as "an exciting breakthrough in natural weight loss". Dr. Oz's endorsements of dietary supplements having no or little scientific evidence of efficacy have often led to a substantial increase in consumer purchases of the promoted products. While it has received considerable media attention purporting impact on weight loss, the evidence for "Garcinia cambogia" supports no clear effect, while gastrointestinal adverse events were two-fold more common over the placebo in a 2011 meta-analysis, indicating the extract may be unsafe for human consumption. Adverse events

neg: Email spam jumped up 45% from last quarter’s analysis, leading this quarter’s spam pack. Emails purporting to offer jobs with fast, easy cash come in at number two, accounting for approximately 15% of all spam email. And, rounding off at number three are spam emails about diet products (such as Garcinia gummi-gutta or Garcinia Cambogia), accounting for approximately 1%." According to information compiled by Commtouch Software Ltd., email spam for the first quarter of 2010 can be broken down as follows. Advance fee fraud spam, such as the Nigerian "419" scam, may be sent by a single individual from a cybercafé in

neg: Gamboge (Myanmar). The orange fruit of "Garcinia gummi-gutta" (formerly called "G. cambogia") is also known as gamboge or gambooge. The trees must be at least ten years old before they are tapped. The resin is extracted by making spiral incisions in the bark, and by breaking off leaves and shoots and letting the milky yellow resinous gum drip out. The resulting latex is collected in hollow bamboo canes. After the resin is congealed, the bamboo is broken away and large rods of raw gamboge remain. The word "gamboge" comes from "gambogium", the Latin word for the pigment, which derives from "Gambogia",

neg: Stictoptera cucullioides were more purplish in the dark areas but generally similarly marked. The length at maturity is approximately 30 mm and the breadth 5 mm. Larvae have been recorded on "Mesua" and "Calophyllum" species (including "Calophyllum inophyllum") and have been reared on "Garcinia" species. Other recorded food plants include "Clusia rosea", "Garcinia cambogia" and "Mammea americana". The larvae tend to be found when their host plant is in flush, especially when the leaves are yellow white to pinkish. The larvae rest fully stretched on the undersides of the tender new leaves. They move actively from place to place. They turn pinkish

neg: Hydroxycitric acid Hydroxycitric acid Hydroxycitric acid (HCA) is a derivative of citric acid that is found in a variety of tropical plants including "Garcinia cambogia" and "Hibiscus subdariffa". There are four isomers, (+)- and (-)-hydroxycitric acid, and (+)- and (-)-allo-hydroxycitric acid. The (-)-hydroxycitric acid isomer is the one found in "Garcinia". (-)-HCA is a competitive inhibitor of ATP citrate lyase, which converts citrate into oxaloacetate and acetyl CoA. The reverse of this conversion is a step in the citric acid cycle. Laboratory and animal studies of HCA have produced results that indicate a potential for modulation of lipid metabolism. However, a clinical

neg: Garcinia madruno Garcinia madruno Garcinia madruno, the charichuelo, is a fruit-producing tree species from the rainforests of Central and South America. The leaves are dark green and leathery. The fruit looks like a shriveled droopy lemon, and has a similar rind. The interior is soft white pulp and has a popular, slightly citrusy taste people have compared to a sweet santol fruit or lemony cotton candy. The species was formerly included in the genus "Rheedia", which has since been absorbed into "Garcinia", as "Rheedias" species are now known as "new world mangosteens". "Garcinia madruno" is well adapted to a wide variety of

neg: Garcinia madruno soils, tolerating even poor soils or heavy clay. It is a slow grower and takes about 5 to 7 years to fruit. When young, it must be protected from frosts and it will not fruit in cold areas. The fruit is not very well known outside of South America and a few backyard growers in South Florida. Garcinia madruno Garcinia madruno, the charichuelo, is a fruit-producing tree species from the rainforests of Central and South America. The leaves are dark green and leathery. The fruit looks like a shriveled droopy lemon, and has a similar rind. The interior is soft

neg: Garcinia warrenii lichens. Broken petioles (leaf stalks) and twigs produce a sticky yellow exudate. Leaf blades are about 10 to 16 x 48 cm. The fruit are eaten by "Pteropus" (fruit bats). Garcinia warrenii Garcinia warrenii, a is a fruit-bearing tree, up to 15 metres in height, of the mangosteen family (Clusiaceae), commonly known as native mangosteen or Warren's mangosteen. It is found in the tropical rainforests of northern and north-eastern Australia and New Guinea. The genus "Garcinia", belonging to the family Clusiaceae, includes about 200 species found in the Old World tropics, mostly in Asia and Africa. "Garcinia warrenii" is indigenous

neg: Garcinia atroviridis sliced, dried then stewed and used as a common ingredient in Asian dishes such as curries and soups. Asam gelugor is a perennial fruit tree native to the tropical climate in Malaysia. The trees can also be found in other parts of South East Asia, particularly in Thailand where demand for the Asam fruit is increasing. Garcinia atroviridis Garcinia atroviridis, known as asam gelugur, asam gelugo, or asam keping (in Malay, ) is a large rainforest tree native to peninsular Malaysia. This species grows wild throughout peninsular Malaysia but is also widely cultivated, especially in the northern states, owing to

neg: Garcinia indica of India. "Garcinia indica" is found in forest lands, riversides and wastelands. These plants prefer evergreen forests, but sometimes they also thrive in areas with relatively low rainfall. It is also cultivated on a small scale. It does not require irrigation, spraying of pesticides or fertilizers. The fresh fruit can be preserved with sugar to make bright-red squash that is diluted with water and bottled for sale as a beverage. The outer cover of fruit is dried in the sun to get "aamsul" or "kokam". It is also known as "bhirand" in Konkani, "muragalu" in Kannada, "punarpuli" in Tulu and

neg: Garcinia prainiana Garcinia prainiana Garcinia prainiana, known as the button mangosteen or cherapu is a species of "Garcinia". It has a flavor similar to, but distinct from, its cousin, the purple mangosteen, with an interesting taste some have compared to a tangerine, but unlike its cousin, it has a tissue-thin skin rather than a hard rind, making it much easier to eat out-of-hand. Also unlike the purple mangosteen, it can be grown in a container. The fruit is cultivated in Southeast Asia, by a few backyard growers in South Florida, and at the Whitman Rare Fruit Pavilion of Florida's Fairchild Tropical Botanic

neg: Garcinia intermedia is cultivated sporadically throughout the tropics. Garcinia intermedia Garcinia intermedia is a species of tropical American tree which produces tasty fruit. In English it is known as the lemon drop mangosteen (a name it shares with the closely related and similarly tasting "Garcinia madruno"). In Spanish it is called mameyito, though it is known as jorco in Costa Rica. In the Philippines, it is known as berba. In Portuguese it is called achachairu. The name achachairu is also applied to "Garcinia humilis", another species native to Bolivia with larger, round or egg-shaped fruit (see Achachairu). "G. humilis" has been commercialized

neg: Garcinia intermedia Garcinia intermedia Garcinia intermedia is a species of tropical American tree which produces tasty fruit. In English it is known as the lemon drop mangosteen (a name it shares with the closely related and similarly tasting "Garcinia madruno"). In Spanish it is called mameyito, though it is known as jorco in Costa Rica. In the Philippines, it is known as berba. In Portuguese it is called achachairu. The name achachairu is also applied to "Garcinia humilis", another species native to Bolivia with larger, round or egg-shaped fruit (see Achachairu). "G. humilis" has been commercialized in Australia under the name Achacha.

neg: Garcinia morella they are very acidic. Just like other garcinia varieties such as kokum (which is prevalent in the Indian west coast) or garcinia pedunculata, the fruit can be preserved by slicing into thin pieces and then drying under sun. It can be made into pickles. Bodos cook the unripe fruit as vegetable with fish. A chutney can be made by boiling the fruit. In Assam, dried and preserved slices are added to black green pulses to make a popular slightly acidic curry. Dried up fruit slices are valued as a traditional remedy for dysentery. In Ayurveda the fruits are used in

neg: Garcinia warrenii Garcinia warrenii Garcinia warrenii, a is a fruit-bearing tree, up to 15 metres in height, of the mangosteen family (Clusiaceae), commonly known as native mangosteen or Warren's mangosteen. It is found in the tropical rainforests of northern and north-eastern Australia and New Guinea. The genus "Garcinia", belonging to the family Clusiaceae, includes about 200 species found in the Old World tropics, mostly in Asia and Africa. "Garcinia warrenii" is indigenous to New Guinea, the Torres Strait Islands, northeastern Queensland from Cape York Peninsula south to Babinda, and a small, isolated population on Melville Island in the Northern Territory, Australia. "Garcinia

neg: Hydroxycitric acid study has demonstrated that HCA has no effect in terms of weight loss or reduction of fat mass. A meta-analysis published in 2010 revealed that gastrointestinal adverse effects were twice as likely for users of hydroxycitric acid. The use of HCA is contraindicated in patients suffering Colitis or Inflammatory Bowel Disease. One isomer of HCA, known as (2"S",3"R")-HCA, inhibits pancreatic alpha-amylase and intestinal alpha-glucosidase, leading to a reduction in carbohydrate metabolism "in vitro". In a study in Zucker rats, which are genetically predisposed to obesity, "Garcinia cambogia" extract containing HCA showed that high doses led to significant suppression of epididymal

neg: Garcinia pedunculata Garcinia pedunculata Garcinia pedunculata, popularly known as bor thekera (বৰ ঠেকেৰা) in Assamese, is an evergreen tree related to the more familiar purple mangosteen ("Garcinia mangostana"). The tree is endemic to the south-eastern regions of Asia such as parts of Myanmar and north-eastern parts of India. The tree has a fluted trunk with short spreading branches. Leaves are lanceolate with prominent midribs. Male flowers are light green in sparsely flowered panicles. The female flowers are solitary. The roundish fruit has a diameter ranging between 8 and 12 cm. It has a juicy interior with edible arils. The ripe fruit is

neg: Garcinia warrenii warrenii" is found in rain forest, littoral rainforest and riparian forest from 0 to 780 m. There are five species of native "Garcinia" in north Queensland forests but "Garcinia warrenii" is the only edible one. While the fruits are edible, they are not widely sought after. "Garcinia warrenii" is a close relative of the mangosteen ("Garcinia mangostana"). This bushy small tree grows up to 15 metres high, they grow straight up and are often difficult to see in the forest. It has fragrant white flowers and purple sweet edible fruit. The thick, leathery leaves are often stained with mould or

neg: Garcinia livingstonei achieve the same effect. Garcinia livingstonei Garcinia livingstonei (African mangosteen, lowveld mangosteen, Livingstone's garcinia or imbe) is a species of "Garcinia", native to a broad area of tropical Africa, from Côte d'Ivoire east to Somalia, and south to South Africa. It is an evergreen small tree, growing to 6–18 m tall. The leaves are borne in opposite pairs or whorls of 3–4, each leaf blue-green, oval, 6–11 cm long and 3–5.5 cm broad. The flowers are produced in clusters on the stems. The fruit is a small, bright, orange, thin-skinned berry 1–4 cm diameter, with one single large seed; the

neg: Garcinia livingstonei Garcinia livingstonei Garcinia livingstonei (African mangosteen, lowveld mangosteen, Livingstone's garcinia or imbe) is a species of "Garcinia", native to a broad area of tropical Africa, from Côte d'Ivoire east to Somalia, and south to South Africa. It is an evergreen small tree, growing to 6–18 m tall. The leaves are borne in opposite pairs or whorls of 3–4, each leaf blue-green, oval, 6–11 cm long and 3–5.5 cm broad. The flowers are produced in clusters on the stems. The fruit is a small, bright, orange, thin-skinned berry 1–4 cm diameter, with one single large seed; the small yield of edible

neg: Garcinia kola Garcinia kola Garcinia kola (bitter kola, a name sometimes also used for "G. afzelii") is a species of flowering plant in the Clusiaceae or Guttiferae family. It is found in Benin, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Gabon, Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal and Sierra Leone. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. The fruit, seeds, nuts and bark of the plant have been used for centuries in folk medicine to treat ailments from coughs to fever. According to a report from the Center For International Forestry Research, "Garcinia kola" trade is still important to the

neg: Garcinia parvifolia fruit is about the size of a cherry and looks similar to a purple mangosteen, hence the nicknames Brunei cherry (interchangeable with Borneo cherry")" and red mangosteen. Garcinia parvifolia Garcinia parvifolia, the Kundong, Brunei cherry or Asam aur aur, is a tropical evergreen tree native to the island of Borneo. The tree is found at elevations of in humid environments, and grows to a height of . The bark, wood, leaves, and fruit of the kundong tree are used by humans. Kundong trees grow in the humid interior of Borneo. The trees can be found at higher elevations along ridges

neg: Garcinia parvifolia Garcinia parvifolia Garcinia parvifolia, the Kundong, Brunei cherry or Asam aur aur, is a tropical evergreen tree native to the island of Borneo. The tree is found at elevations of in humid environments, and grows to a height of . The bark, wood, leaves, and fruit of the kundong tree are used by humans. Kundong trees grow in the humid interior of Borneo. The trees can be found at higher elevations along ridges and near riverbanks. The kundong propagates through seeds that take around six months to germinate. The tree grows quickly and once planted can produce fruit in as

neg: Garcinia ("Lexias") of tropical eastern Asia which relish the sap of overripe mangosteens. "Garcinia" species are evergreen trees and shrubs, dioecious and in several cases apomictic. The fruit is a berry with fleshy endocarp, which in several species is delicious. The fruit of most species of "Garcinia" are eaten locally; some species' fruits are highly esteemed in one region, but unknown just a few hundred kilometres away. The best-known species is the purple mangosteen ("G. mangostana"), which is now cultivated throughout Southeast Asia and other tropical countries, having become established in the late 20th century. Less well-known, but still of international

neg: Garcinia indica Garcinia indica Garcinia indica, a plant in the mangosteen family (Clusiaceae), commonly known as kokum, is a fruit-bearing tree that has culinary, pharmaceutical, and industrial uses. The genus "Garcinia", belonging to the family Clusiaceae, includes about 200 species found in the Old World tropics, mostly in Asia and Africa. "Garcinia indica" is indigenous to the Western Ghats region of India located along the western coast of the country. Of the 35 species found in India, 17 are endemic. Of these, seven are endemic to the Western Ghats, six in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and four in the northeastern region

neg: Garcinia humilis Garcinia humilis Garcinia humilis, known commonly as achachairú or achacha, is a small, prolifically-fruiting tree related to the mangosteen. It grows in the southern part of the Amazon basin in the central area of Bolivia, but recently has been planted on a commercial scale in Burdekin, Australia. The fruit took third place in the 2012 Fruit Logistica Innovation Awards held in Berlin. The achacha has an appealing colour and form and is very decorative. It is egg-shaped, up to 6 cm long by 4 cm in diameter. It takes on a reddish-orange shade when mature. There is usually one significant

neg: Garcinia indica green leaves and red-tinged, tender, young leaves. Garcinia indica Garcinia indica, a plant in the mangosteen family (Clusiaceae), commonly known as kokum, is a fruit-bearing tree that has culinary, pharmaceutical, and industrial uses. The genus "Garcinia", belonging to the family Clusiaceae, includes about 200 species found in the Old World tropics, mostly in Asia and Africa. "Garcinia indica" is indigenous to the Western Ghats region of India located along the western coast of the country. Of the 35 species found in India, 17 are endemic. Of these, seven are endemic to the Western Ghats, six in the Andaman and Nicobar

neg: Garcinia importance, are kandis ("G. forbesii") with small round red fruits with subacid taste and melting flesh, the lemon drop mangosteen ("G. intermedia") with yellow fruit that look like a wrinkled lemon, and the thin-skinned orange button mangosteen ("G. prainiana"). In addition, mangosteen rind (exocarp) extract is used as a spice. It figures prominently in Kodava culture, and "G. multiflora" is used to flavour and colour the famous "bún riêu" soup of Vietnam, where this plant is known as "hạt điều màu". "Garcinia gummi-gutta" yields a spice widely used in South Asia, in particular in Kerala, where it is called "kodumpulli".

neg: Garcinia gummi-gutta and central Africa. It thrives in most moist forests. "Garcinia gummi-gutta" is one of several closely related "Garcinia" species from the plant family Clusiaceae. With thin skin and deep vertical lobes, the fruit of "G. gummi-gutta" and related species range from about the size of an orange to that of a grapefruit; "G. gummi-gutta" looks more like a small yellowish, greenish, or sometimes reddish pumpkin. The color can vary considerably. When the rinds are dried and cured in preparation for storage and extraction, they are dark brown or black in color. Along the west coast of South India, "G. gummi-gutta"

neg: Garcinia Garcinia Garcinia is a plant genus of the family Clusiaceae native to Asia, America, Australia, tropical and southern Africa, and Polynesia. The number of species is highly disputed, with various sources recognizing between 50 and about 300. Commonly, the plants in this genus are called saptrees, mangosteens (which may also refer specifically to the purple mangosteen, "G. mangostana"), garcinias or, ambiguously, "monkey fruit". Many species are threatened by habitat destruction, and at least "G. cadelliana" from South Andaman Island is almost or even completely extinct already. The fruits are a food source for several animals, such as the archduke butterflies

neg: Garcinia humilis conditions are not met, the fruit will shrivel. The glossy orange rinds of the achacha may be put in a blender with water. Once pureed and then strained to remove all of the solids, this liquid may be diluted and sweetened to one's taste, then chilled for a refreshing summer drink. The achacha is in season from December to mid-March in Australia. Garcinia humilis Garcinia humilis, known commonly as achachairú or achacha, is a small, prolifically-fruiting tree related to the mangosteen. It grows in the southern part of the Amazon basin in the central area of Bolivia, but recently has

neg: Garcinia indica concentrate is used in preparing a drink (sherbet) which is bright red in colour. The extract of the fruit is called "aagal" in Konkani and Marathi. It is added during the preparation of "solkadhi", which may also include coconut milk, coriander and garlic. The seed of "Garcinia indica" contains 23–26% oil, which remains solid at room temperature. It is used in the preparation of chocolate and sugar confectionery. The oily extract called kokam is used in ointments and suppositories. The rind of the fruit is a good source of hydroxycitric acid. The tree is ornamental, with a dense canopy of

neg: Garcinia morella the treatment of dysentery, gastritis, etc. and is said to have anti inflammatory properties. When the bark is cut it exudes a yellow resin called gamboge that is used in food, paints and medicines. It can be used as a rootstock for the mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana). In Malnad region of Karnataka, Tirtahalli and Chikkamagalore this is widely used in name of 'odduli', especially in fish recipes. Odduli is prepared by boiling the fruit to get a thick black liquid which can be stored for years without adding preservatives. In the Negros and Panay regions of the Philippines, this fruit is

neg: Garcinia oliveri Garcinia oliveri Garcinia oliveri is a cousin species of the mangosteen and also bears edible fruit. This plant is also known by local names ໂມງ () in Laotian, "Bứa núi" in Vietnamese, and "Tromoung" in Khmer. It grows naturally in South-East Asia, including in Laos, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam. This plant is a tree that grows up to 30 m high, with drooping branches. The leaves are large, thick, blade oblongs that are 10–27 cm long, attached to short petioles about 1 cm long. Its male flowers have 5 petals and 1 cm long stamens united into 5 bundles, while

neg: Garcinia oliveri its hermaphroditic flowers have ovaries with 9–10 loculi. Its fruits are globose, about 4–5 cm in diameter, with red pericarp. In Vietnam, the plant's young leaves are used for food, such as being cooked in soup, or eaten fresh in a dish called "banh xeo". Garcinia oliveri Garcinia oliveri is a cousin species of the mangosteen and also bears edible fruit. This plant is also known by local names ໂມງ () in Laotian, "Bứa núi" in Vietnamese, and "Tromoung" in Khmer. It grows naturally in South-East Asia, including in Laos, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam. This plant is a tree that

neg: Purple mangosteen Purple mangosteen The purple mangosteen ("Garcinia mangostana"), known simply as mangosteen, is a tropical evergreen tree believed to have originated in the Sunda Islands of the Malay archipelago and the Moluccas of Indonesia. It grows mainly in Southeast Asia, southwest India and other tropical areas such as Colombia, Puerto Rico and Florida, where the tree has been introduced. The tree grows from tall. The fruit of the mangosteen is sweet and tangy, juicy, somewhat fibrous, with fluid-filled vesicles (like the flesh of citrus fruits), with an inedible, deep reddish-purple colored rind (exocarp) when ripe. In each fruit, the fragrant edible

neg: Kokum oil of the feet. Kokum oil Kokum oil comes from the seeds of the kokum tree (Garcinia indica). This fruit-bearing tree is also known as the wild mangosten tree, and also the red mangosten tree. This tree belongs to the Guttiferae family of the plant kingdom. Its scientific name is Garcinia indica. The oil extracted from the seeds is edible, and it can also be used for things other than cooking. Although some people place the kokum’s origins in Africa, others believe kokum is indigenous to the Western Ghats of India. The kokum tree has been a part of India’s history

neg: Kokum oil Kokum oil Kokum oil comes from the seeds of the kokum tree (Garcinia indica). This fruit-bearing tree is also known as the wild mangosten tree, and also the red mangosten tree. This tree belongs to the Guttiferae family of the plant kingdom. Its scientific name is Garcinia indica. The oil extracted from the seeds is edible, and it can also be used for things other than cooking. Although some people place the kokum’s origins in Africa, others believe kokum is indigenous to the Western Ghats of India. The kokum tree has been a part of India’s history for centuries. Kokum

neg: Solkadhi Solkadhi Solkadhi is a type of drink, originating from the Indian subcontinent, usually eaten with rice or sometimes drunk after the meals. Popular in Goa and the Konkan region of India, it is made from coconut milk and "kokum", also known as Aamsol or Aamsul. It is the dried fleshy skin of a fruit called Garcinia indica, deep purple-pink in color, obviously full of antioxidants that the pigment anthocyanins provide. Garcinia indica, or Kokum, owing to the presence of a high concentration of anthocyanins, is a great antioxidant that works like an anticarcinogenic and anti-aging agent. It is known for

neg: Purple mangosteen still remains rare in Western markets, though its popularity is increasing, and it is often sold at a high price. Purple mangosteen The purple mangosteen ("Garcinia mangostana"), known simply as mangosteen, is a tropical evergreen tree believed to have originated in the Sunda Islands of the Malay archipelago and the Moluccas of Indonesia. It grows mainly in Southeast Asia, southwest India and other tropical areas such as Colombia, Puerto Rico and Florida, where the tree has been introduced. The tree grows from tall. The fruit of the mangosteen is sweet and tangy, juicy, somewhat fibrous, with fluid-filled vesicles (like the

neg: Garcinia humilis coffee-coloured seed, but larger fruit may have more than one seed. The taste is described as both bitter and sweet and is somewhat reminiscent of lemonade. The rather tough, bitter rind can be split open with a knife or with the teeth, and the edible part of the fruit sucked off the seed. The Queensland Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry has found that the fruit keeps well for four to six weeks as long as it stays out of the fridge. It recommends storing the fruit at 15 to 20 degrees Celsius with a high relative humidity. If these

neg: Garcinia livingstonei fruit is pleasantly sweet, yet acidic, but also containing a latex that some people find unpleasant. A traditional food plant in Africa, this little-known fruit has potential to improve nutrition, boost food security, foster rural development and support sustainable landcare. It is mainly grown as an ornamental fruit, but is sometimes eaten. The juice is known for staining very badly. Mostly eaten fresh, it is also used in drinks. It can be grown in southern Florida. Both a male and female plant are needed in order to obtain fruit, although both sexes can be grafted onto the same plant to

neg: Garcinia gummi-gutta is popularly termed "Malabar tamarind", and shares culinary uses with the tamarind ("Tamarindus indica"). The latter is a small and the former a quite large evergreen tree. "G. gummi-gutta" is also called "goraka" or, in some areas, simply "kattcha puli" (souring fruit). It is called "uppage" in Kannada language and fruits are collected and dried for selling to dealers in Sirsi, Karnataka. Although few high-quality studies have been done to define the composition of the fruit, its phytochemical content includes hydroxycitric acid which is extractable and developed as a dietary supplement. Other compounds identified in the fruit include the polyphenols,

neg: Garcinia atroviridis a pointed tip and upturned edges. The flowers are dark red. The round fruits are borne singly on twig ends about 7–10 cm in diameter. The ripe fruits are bright orange yellow, which are sliced, dried and used in curries or stewed in plenty of sugar to be eaten. The fruit contains citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid and ascorbic acid, hydroxycitric acid, and flavonoids. Ripe asam fruit is bright-yellow orange. Sun-dried slices of the fruits, locally known as "asam keping", are commercially available and are popularly used as a vegetable salad and is considered extremely sour. The fruit is

neg: Filipino cuisine use it to sprinkle on cooked rice to serve as a viand. The salt is an assortment of reeds, twigs and small pieces of bamboo carried to the shore by the sea tide where they have been soaked in seawater for some time and is then burned in large quantities while continually being doused with salt water on a daily basis. The ashes then is strained continuously by kaings and are then cooked in pans. In Visayas, another souring agent in dishes in the form of Batuan (Garcinia binucao) is used. It is a fruit that is greenish, yellowish, somewhat

neg: Garcinia intermedia The fast-growing tree reaches a height of about 5 meters. It is tolerant of a wide range of soils, up to an altitude of around 4000 feet. It can be grown successfully and will fruit in a large pot. It grows best with regular water in full sun in a humid environment. It tolerates high temperatures but is probably not frost hardy. It has small, whitish flowers which are perfect and makes an attractive ornamental tree, especially when in fruit, which may be year round. Its leaves are opposite. The wood is termite resistant and used to make posts and

neg: Garcinia kola tribes and villages in Nigeria. "Garcinia kola" is traditionally used by African medicine men who believe that it has purgative, antiparasitic, and antimicrobial properties. The seeds are used for bronchitis, throat infections, colic, head or chest colds, and cough. It is also used for liver disorders and as a chewing stick. Despite the socio-economic importance of "Garcinia kola", cultivation of the species is limited. Factors that have discouraged farmers from growing "Garcinia kola" include difficulties in germination that reduces seedling availability. Most productive trees were left in the wild when farmers cut plots out of the forest (Adebisi, 2004). Researchers

neg: Garcinia prainiana Garden. It is a native of Malaysia and Thailand. The tree is small or medium sized. It was featured in Malaysian 30 cents stamp, printed in 21-Feb-1999. Garcinia prainiana Garcinia prainiana, known as the button mangosteen or cherapu is a species of "Garcinia". It has a flavor similar to, but distinct from, its cousin, the purple mangosteen, with an interesting taste some have compared to a tangerine, but unlike its cousin, it has a tissue-thin skin rather than a hard rind, making it much easier to eat out-of-hand. Also unlike the purple mangosteen, it can be grown in a container.

neg: Mangostin Mangostin Mangostin is a natural xanthonoid, a type of organic compound isolated from various parts of the mangosteen tree ("Garcinia mangostana"). It is a yellow crystalline solid with a xanthone core structure. Mangostin and a variety of other xanthonoids from mangosteen have been investigated for biological properties including antioxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. In animal studies, mangostin has been found to be a central nervous system depressant which causes sedation, decreased motor activity, and ptosis. The rind of partially ripe mangosteen fruit yields mangostin and also the related compound β-mangostin. The rind of fully ripe fruits contains the xanthonoids

neg: Malvani cuisine and raw mango (kairi). The Malvani masala, a form of dried powder masala, is a combination of 15 to 16 dry spices. This masala is coarsely ground and stored in jars to be utilized when required. However, not all of the cuisine is hot and spicy; the Konkanastha Brahmin style of food is an example of less spicy food. Fish dishes dominate Malvani cuisine. Solkadhi is a pink-colored drink made from the kokam fruit ("Garcinia indica") and coconut milk. Malvani cuisine Malvani cuisine is the standard cuisine of the South Konkan region of Maharashtra and Goa. Although Malvani cuisine is

neg: Archduke (butterfly) surface of "L. pardalis" antennae tips are yellow orange, whereas they are black in "L. dirtea". Caterpillars of the genus are protected from predators by their long spinous bristles. Archduke chrysalids are pale green and angular in shape; they may be up to 30 mm in length. "Calophyllum" trees are host to the caterpillars of Southeast Asian archdukes. The observed readiness of Southeast Asian species to feed on both decaying fruit (of "Garcinia" tree species) and the nectar of flowers suggests that these species inhabit the forest periphery. Because both types of food are common in this habitat, the Southeast

neg: Beruas Beruas Beruas (alternative spelling: Bruas) is a small town in Manjung District, Perak, Malaysia. Beruas' name is derived from the mangosteen-like tree that bears fruit, known as Pokok Bruas in local Malay, seashore mangosteen or by its scientific name, Garcinia hombroniana. In ancient times, before the area was known as Perak, there was a Hindu Malay kingdom named Gangga Negara with its capital in Beruas. Gangga Negara is mentioned in the Malay Annals (Sejarah Melayu) and the kingdom covered present day Beruas, Dinding and Manjung in Perak. The kingdom is believed to have been founded by Raja Ganjil Sarjuna of

neg: Garcinia intermedia tool handles. The tree is generally propagated from seeds, though it can be grafted. No named cultivars are known. Seeds lose viability if dried, but can retain viability for a period of months if kept moist. The tree may fruit after as little as two years. The fruits are smooth spheres about an inch in diameter with a thin yellow, orange or red rind around a white pulp. They are edible and have an appealing sweet and sour taste. It is usually eaten out of hand, though can be used for drinks, jams and jellies. Native to Central America, it

neg: Novum Organum reliable knowledge. In many ways, Bacon's contribution to the advancement of human knowledge lies not in the fruit of his scientific research but in the reinterpretation of the methods of natural philosophy. His innovation is summarised in "The Oxford Francis Bacon":Before Bacon where else does one find a meticulously articulated view of natural philosophy as an enterprise of instruments and experiment, and enterprise designed to restrain discursive reason and make good the defects of the senses? Where else in the literature before Bacon does one come across a stripped-down natural-historical programme of such enormous scope and scrupulous precision, and designed

neg: Phyllocnistis citrella and "Poncirus trifoliate". Larvae have also been recorded on "Garcinia mangostana", "Pongamia pinnata", "Alseodaphne semecarpifolia", "Loranthus" and "Jasminum sambac". They mine the leaves of their host plant. The mine consists of a long epidermal corridor with a well-marked central frass line. The mine is mostly lower-surface, but sometimes upper-surface, and rarely on the rind of the developing fruit. Citrus leaf miner larvae are thus protected from many topic insecticide treatments. Pupation takes place in a chamber at the end of the corridor, under an overturned part of the leaf margin. Citrus leafminer (CLM) are native to Asia and are found

neg: Filipino cuisine Manok Ubad"". This dish is composed mainly of kadyos, manok (preferably free range chicken called "Bisaya nga Manok" in Iloilo), and ubad(thinly cut white core of the banana stalk/trunk). Both of these dishes utilize another Ilonggo ingredient as a souring agent. This ingredient is batwan or "Garcinia binucao", a fruit closely related to mangosteen, which is very popular in Western Visayas and neighbouring Negros Island, but is generally unknown to other parts of the Philippines. Roxas City is another food destination in Western Visayas aside from Iloilo City and Kalibo. This coastal city that's about two to three hours by

neg: Biomimetics made from cellulose which is a biodegradable and biobased ressource obtained from wood or cotton. The structural colours can potentially be everlasting and have more vibrant colour than the ones obtained from chemical absorption of light. "Pollia condensata" is not the only fruit showing a structural coloured skin, other berries such as "Margaritaria nobilis" does. These fruits show iridescent colors in the blue-green region of the visible spectrum which gives the fruit a strong metallic and shiny visual appearance. The structural colours come from the organisation of cellulose chains in the fruit's epicarp, a part of the fruit skin. Each

neg: Nut (fruit) Nut (fruit) A nut is a fruit composed of an inedible hard shell and a seed, which is generally edible. In general usage, a wide variety of dried seeds are called nuts, but in a botanical context "nut" implies that the shell does not open to release the seed (indehiscent). The translation of "nut" in certain languages frequently requires paraphrases, as the word is ambiguous. Most seeds come from fruits that naturally free themselves from the shell, unlike nuts such as hazelnuts, chestnuts, and acorns, which have hard shell walls and originate from a compound ovary. The general and original

neg: Garcinia atroviridis Garcinia atroviridis Garcinia atroviridis, known as asam gelugur, asam gelugo, or asam keping (in Malay, ) is a large rainforest tree native to peninsular Malaysia. This species grows wild throughout peninsular Malaysia but is also widely cultivated, especially in the northern states, owing to its economic and medicinal value. "Garcinia" is a large perennial plant commonly found in evergreen forests in the southern region of Thailand and Malaysia. The tree grows to a height of more than 20 m and has a long trunk, smooth grey bark and drooping branches. The leaves are dark green, shiny, long and narrow with

neg: Garcinia acid, which is somewhat toxic and might even destroy the testicles after prolonged use. Bitter kola ("G. kola") seeds are used in folk medicine. "G. mannii" is popular as a chew stick in western Africa, freshening the breath and cleaning the teeth. "G. subelliptica", called "fukugi" in Japanese, is the floral emblem of Mobuto and Tarama on Okinawa. The Malaysian town of Beruas – often spelled "Bruas" – derives its name from the seashore mangosteen ("G. hombroniana"), known locally as "pokok bruas". The Plant List (2013) lists 395 species including: Garcinia Garcinia is a plant genus of the family Clusiaceae

neg: Garcinia celebica Garcinia celebica Garcinia celebica is an accepted name of a tree species in the family Clusiaceae. The Catalogue of Life lists no subspecies. A number of descriptions of this (evidently variable) plant, notably in Indo-China by Pierre and others, relate to records under synonyms such as "Garcinia benthamii" and "G. ferrea"; the latter has been called "rỏi mật" (sometimes "gỏi") in Vietnamese. The species name indicates an original description in the Celebes (Sulawesi) and it is found throughout Malesia, with local names (especially Borneo) including: "Kalawet, Kandis, Kandis pulan, Manggis, Manggis hutan, Perda-perda" and "Sungkep". Based on the above, the

neg: Garcinia pedunculata eaten cooked or raw. Usually the ripe or raw fruits are sliced, sun-dried and preserved. In the state of Assam, such slices are much valued and used for preparing delicacies like "tenga diya masor jol" meaning Assamese sour fish curry. It can also be prepared with other vegetables, especially fritters made with lentils. Garcinia pedunculata Garcinia pedunculata, popularly known as bor thekera (বৰ ঠেকেৰা) in Assamese, is an evergreen tree related to the more familiar purple mangosteen ("Garcinia mangostana"). The tree is endemic to the south-eastern regions of Asia such as parts of Myanmar and north-eastern parts of India. The

neg: Garcinia morella used as a souring agent for many of their regional dishes. The xanthonoids gaudichaudione A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, gaudichaudiic acid A, B, C, D, E, morellic acid and forbesione from "G. gaudichaudii". Garcinia morella Garcinia morella is a species of tree in the Clusiaceae family found in India, Sri Lanka and central Philippines. Trees are up to 12 m tall. Bark is smooth, and dark brown in color; blaze white. Leaves simple, opposite, decussate; petiole 0.6-1.5 cm long, canaliculate, sheathing at base, glabrous; lamina 6.5-15 x 3.5-8 cm, usually elliptic, sometimes narrow obovate, apex acute to

neg: California mule deer a secondary food source. Where humans have encroached on historic deer habitat by suburban development or orchards, California mule deer diversify their diet with garden plant material, tree fruit, and occasionally, pet food. Fawns and does tend to forage together in familial groupings, while bucks tend to travel singly or with other bucks. California mule deer browse most actively near dawn and dusk, but also forage at night in open agricultural areas or when experiencing hunting pressure. Rutting season occurs in autumn when the does come into estrus for a period lasting only several days. Males exhibit aggressive behavior in

neg: São Joaquim Festival of Apple, fruit that does not adapt easily in most regions of Brazil. EPAGRI, the state's agricultural agency, has an Experimental Station where the cultivation of Fuji brought by Fumio Hiragami brought from Curitibanos is perfected in this place. The plants come from Japan. Its population was of 24,812 inhabitants in the census of 2010. The municipality has an area of 1,892.26 km². It is part of the microregion of Campos de Lages, in the mesoregion of Serrana of Santa Catarina. But since mid-2017 it is in the immediate region of Lages. Due the altitude above 3280 ft (1000

neg: Garcinia parvifolia little as 4 years. The majority of kundong grow in the wild, but the tree can be cultivated in gardens. In Borneo the bark of the tree is used to produce resin, while the wood is used in furniture or for carving. The juvenile leaves of the tree are eaten as a vegetable. The plant is used as a rootstock for mangosteen. Kundong can be eaten raw or cooked. The small red-yellow fruit has a sour taste with a sweet white pulp. Younger fruits are used to produce a sour taste in other types of food, such as curry. The

neg: Xanthone "xanthones" or xanthonoids. Over 200 xanthones have been identified. Many xanthones are phytochemicals found in plants in the families Bonnetiaceae, Clusiaceae, Podostemaceae, and others. They are also found in some species of the genus "Iris". Some xanthones are found in the pericarp of the mangosteen fruit ("Garcinia mangostana") as well as in the bark and timber of "Mesua thwaitesii". Xanthone Xanthone is an organic compound with the molecular formula CHO. It can be prepared by the heating of phenyl salicylate. In 1939, xanthone was introduced as an insecticide and it currently finds uses as ovicide for codling moth eggs and

neg: Chiplun on 25 July 2005. It is a land of traders; it trades in groceries, kokams (red colour fruit, Garcinia indica) and kokam juices. It also has a great crop of mangoes as it falls in Ratnagiri district which is very well known for King of Mangoes, Alphonso. The city has its own ‘TAJ’ Hotel developed first in Maharashtra near riverview and it is now known as "Quality Resort The Riverview". Chiplun is famous for its hotels and known as tourist place. The waterfall known as Savatsada, attracts the eyes of tourists in months of June and July. Educational institutions include:

neg: Spice natural preservatives, preventing or slowing the spoilage of food, leading to a higher nutritional content in stored food. India contributes 75% of global spice production. The International Organization for Standardization addresses spices and condiments, along with related food additives, as part of the International Classification for Standards 67.220 series. The Indian Institute of Spices Research in Kozhikode, Kerala, is devoted exclusively to conducting research for ten spice crops: black pepper, cardamom, cinnamon, clove, garcinia, ginger, nutmeg, paprika, turmeric, and vanilla. Books Articles Spice A spice is a seed, fruit, root, bark, or other plant substance primarily used for flavoring, coloring

neg: Hepatotoxicity the destroying angels), and aflatoxins. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which occur in some plants, can be toxic. Green tea extract is a growing cause of liver failure due to its inclusion in more products. Examples include arsenic, carbon tetrachloride, and vinyl chloride. Examples include: Ackee fruit, Bajiaolian, Camphor, Copaltra, Cycasin, Garcinia, Kava leaves, pyrrolizidine alkaloids, Horse chestnut leaves, Valerian, Comfrey. Chinese herbal remedies: Jin Bu Huan, Ma-huang, Shou Wu Pian, Bai Xian Pi. Drugs continue to be taken off the market due to late discovery of hepatotoxicity. Due to its unique metabolism and close relationship with the gastrointestinal tract, the liver is

neg: Fruit Jar Guzzlers the Fruit Jar Guzzlers were released on Paramount's subsidiary label, Broadway Records, some were released as by the Panhandle Boys. It is possible that the Fruit Jar Guzzlers may also come from Wayne County, West Virginia, where Chaffin was from. Fruit Jar Guzzlers Fruit Jar Guzzlers was an old-time music group who recorded during the 1920s. Fruit Jar Guzzlers is one of the most mysterious old-time groups to ever record. In 1928, another old-time musician Cleve Chaffin from Wayne County, West Virginia had supposedly recorded a session with two men named Stevens and Bolar for Paramount Records as Fruit Jar

neg: South Luffenham of people have come to the fruit and flower show." A farmer to the vicar at Harvest Festival: “I’ve got more faith in fourteen loads of muck to the acre than all your prayers!” First Aid classes by Mr Lake, the headmaster, were held at the turn of the 20th century. On one night, the subject of blood circulation was discussed. “The blood flows from the heart throughout the body”, said the teacher, “when it goes down this leg, where does it go?” “Aha”, said one of the audience, “down one leg and up the other one and back again."

neg: Pichaet Wiriyachitra for over 31 years. The team consists of the following scientists : Their research has proven that the beneficial effects of the plant are due to the substance known as GM-1, (after Garcinia mangostana, the scientific name for mangosteen) not the antioxidant molecules in the fruit. The GM-1 molecule lowers the elevated level of interleukin 1 and significantly raises the amount of interleukin 2 cytokines; this balances the body immune system thus making it stronger against pain, fever, inflammation, diarrhea, bacterial and viral infection, atherosclerosis, aging, arthritis, mouth ulcer, intestinal ulcer, stomach ulcer and cancer—as tested in laboratory and on

neg: Histone acetyltransferase within cancer cells could lead to increased apoptosis due to high accumulation of DNA damage. One such inhibitor of histone acetyltransferases is called garcinol. This compound is found within the rinds of the garcinia indica fruit, otherwise known as mangosteen. To explore the effects of garcinol on histone acetyltransferases, researchers used HeLa cells. The cells underwent irradiation, creating double-strand breaks within the DNA, and garcinol was introduced into the cells to see if it influenced the DNA damage response. If garcinol is successful at inhibiting the process of non-homologous end joining, a DNA repair mechanism that shows preference in fixing

neg: Indian Institute of Horticultural Research involved in the post graduate collaboration in education and research with University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University, and University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot. The section has a mandate : IIHR operates three CHESs under its wing. CHES Chettalli: The station works on the madate crop of mandarin out of an area of 92 hectares in Coorg. The other crops of interest are papaya and passion fruit and minor fruits like rambutan, pummelo, avocado, mangosteen, karonda, Malayan apple and Garcinia. The station is also involved in the floricultural of rose, asters, gladiolus and orchids. CHES Bhubaneshwar is located

neg: Centre for Appropriate Rural Technology released and captured using the valve at the top of the outlet end of the bag, this gas can be used for cooking, lighting and heating (although CART currently intend to use the gas solely for cooking.) The water is released through the outlet pipe, this water is known as ‘High nutrient’ or ‘Black’ water. Less than 10% of the products are solids and therefore only need removing from the bag every few years, these solids can be used as a high nutrient fertiliser for fruit trees or for plants where the fertiliser does not come into direct contact with

neg: Nectar robbing nectar robbers receive the rewards without direct contact with the reproductive parts of the flower, their behaviour is easily assumed to be cheating. However, the effect of robbery on the plant is sometimes neutral or even positive. For example, the proboscis of "E. elvina" does not come in contact with the reproductive parts of the flower in "C. ovandensis," but this does not lead to significant reduction in fruit-set of the plant. In another example, when 80 percent of the flowers in a study site were robbed and the robbers did not pollinate, neither the seed nor fruit set were

neg: Gospel of Truth and then explains this as the world that lacks the Father. The concept that fear and the lack of knowledge are connected is evident; There is also the mentioning of an awakening brought about through the acquiring of knowledge, and the dismissal of that which is not real, namely fear. Fear is not real because it does not come from the Father. That which is not light is not from the Father, such as a tree only brings forth one fruit, the Father's only fruit is light. The level to which these writings express the power of the "self" in

neg: John the Baptist warned you to flee from the wrath to come? Bear fruit in keeping with repentance. And do not presume to say to yourselves, 'We have Abraham as our father,' for I tell you, God is able from these stones to raise up children for Abraham. Even now the axe is laid to the root of the trees. Every tree therefore that does not bear good fruit is cut down and thrown into the fire. "I baptize you with water for repentance, but he who is coming after me is mightier than I, whose sandals I am not worthy to carry.

neg: Garcinia kola reduced by soaking in water for 72 hours (Yakubu "et al"., 2014). Removal of the seed coat, soaking in water for 72 hours, placing inside air tight transparent polythene bag and sprinkling of water on the seeds when needed for constant moisture gives an early germination period of two weeks (Yakubu "et al"., 2014). Garcinia kola Garcinia kola (bitter kola, a name sometimes also used for "G. afzelii") is a species of flowering plant in the Clusiaceae or Guttiferae family. It is found in Benin, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Gabon, Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal and Sierra

neg: Cassowary cassowaries. Fruits from the laurel, podocarp, palm, wild grape, nightshade, and myrtle families are important items in the diet. The cassowary plum takes its name from the bird. Where trees are dropping fruit, cassowaries will come in and feed, with each bird defending a tree from others for a few days. They move on when the fruit is depleted. Fruit is swallowed whole, even items as large as bananas and apples. Cassowaries are a keystone species of rain forests because they eat fallen fruit whole and distribute seeds across the jungle floor via excrement. As for eating the cassowary, it

neg: Garcinia celebica species is a tropical forest main canopy tree some 25–30 m high in Vietnam, or up to 36 m tall and 0.93 m dbh in Indonesia; trunks and stems can exude white to yellow latex. The leaves are approximately 130 x 60 mm. Flowers are yellowish, approximately 12 mm. Fruits are ovoid up to 45 mm: with 5-10 segments. Garcinia celebica Garcinia celebica is an accepted name of a tree species in the family Clusiaceae. The Catalogue of Life lists no subspecies. A number of descriptions of this (evidently variable) plant, notably in Indo-China by Pierre and others, relate to

neg: Garcinia morella Garcinia morella Garcinia morella is a species of tree in the Clusiaceae family found in India, Sri Lanka and central Philippines. Trees are up to 12 m tall. Bark is smooth, and dark brown in color; blaze white. Leaves simple, opposite, decussate; petiole 0.6-1.5 cm long, canaliculate, sheathing at base, glabrous; lamina 6.5-15 x 3.5-8 cm, usually elliptic, sometimes narrow obovate, apex acute to acuminate, base attenuate; coriaceous or subcoriaceous, glabrous; secondary_nerves 6-8 pairs; tertiary_nerves obscure. Flowers show inflorescence and are dioecious; male flowers in fascicles, axillary; female flowers larger than male, solitary, axillary. Ripe fruits can be eaten but

neg: Kensington Pride Australia. Very few commercially available fruit come from south-east Queensland or northern New South Wales, and fruit from these latitudes is generally of lower quality. The original tree emerged in Bowen, Queensland in the late 1880s (although the fruit was not formally described until the 1960s), where it was given the name "Pride of Bowen" and "Bowen Special". It was possibly brought to Bowen from India between 1885–1889 by traders who were shipping horses for military use in India. The polyembryonic nature of the fruit suggests a south east Asian origin, although the shape and colour are very similar to

neg: Amphicarpy vegetative reproduction through stolons. It grows in grasslands where its aerial flowers may not come into seed due to herbivores. Amphicarpy Amphicarpy is a reproductive strategy that occurs with nine plant families, expressed mostly in species with an annual life cycle. It is characterized by production of two types of fruit, for different ecological roles. It is sometimes restricted to the situation where one fruit type is aerial and the other subterranean (hypogeous), and distinguished from heterocarpy. The word amphicarp is the contraction of the Greek words "ἀμφί" meaning "of both kinds" and "καρπός" meaning fruit. In a typical plant

neg: Xanthonoid A, B, C, D, E, morellic acid and forbesione from "Garcinia gaudichaudii", methylswertianin and bellidifolin from "Swertia punicea" or psorospermin obtained from "Psorospermum febrifugum". Cassiaxanthone can be found in "Cassia reticulata". Cytotoxic xanthones (gambogin, morellin dimethyl acetal, isomoreollin B, moreollic acid, gambogenic acid, gambogenin, isogambogenin, desoxygambogenin, gambogenin dimethyl acetal, gambogellic acid, gambogic acid, isomorellin, morellic acid, desoxymorellin and hanburin) can be isolated from the dry latex of "Garcinia hanburyi" (gamboge tree). Xanthonoid A xanthonoid is a chemical natural phenolic compound formed from the xanthone backbone. Many members of the Clusiaceae contain xanthonoids. Xanthonoid biosynthesis in cell cultures of "Hypericum androsaemum"

neg: Gambogic acid kidney and liver. Gambogic acid Gambogic acid is a xanthonoid that is derived from the brownish or orange resin from "Garcinia hanburyi". "Garcinia hanburyi" is a small to medium-sized evergreen tree (up to approximately 15 m in height) with smooth grey bark. It is native to Cambodia, southern Vietnam, and Thailand and has been successfully introduced in Singapore. Gambogic acid is the principal pigment of gambooge resin which, in addition to early traditional medicinal uses in Southeast Asia, is also a sought after dye due to the bright orange color it imparts to cloth. According to traditional Chinese medical documentation,

neg: Gambogic acid Gambogic acid Gambogic acid is a xanthonoid that is derived from the brownish or orange resin from "Garcinia hanburyi". "Garcinia hanburyi" is a small to medium-sized evergreen tree (up to approximately 15 m in height) with smooth grey bark. It is native to Cambodia, southern Vietnam, and Thailand and has been successfully introduced in Singapore. Gambogic acid is the principal pigment of gambooge resin which, in addition to early traditional medicinal uses in Southeast Asia, is also a sought after dye due to the bright orange color it imparts to cloth. According to traditional Chinese medical documentation, gamboge was described

neg: Parable of the barren fig tree given the opportunity to be in the vineyard where it otherwise should not have been as well as the needed time to bear fruit. The vinedresser, who is Jesus, does not fail and has offered to cultivate it and so it will produce fruit. The owner is an absentee landlord, only visiting his vineyard once a year. The law regarding first fruits, Leviticus 19:20-25, forbids eating fruit from a tree in its first three years. The vinedresser has disposed of the fruit, either by plucking it at an early stage or dropping it for compost, to prevent anyone from inadvertently

neg: Eremophila (plant) heavy clay. "Myoporum insulare", "M. montanum" and "M. acuminatum" are suitable, depending on where the plant is to be grown. It is possible to germinate eremophila seeds but the process involves either leaving the fruit in the ground for long periods or removing the seed from the fruit without damaging the seed. In nature, most eremophila grow where rainfall is infrequent and are adapted to dealing with long dry spells, even droughts lasting years. Eremophilas are therefore suited to low maintenance gardens, those where water supply is limited or where gardeners want a garden that does not require large volumes

neg: Garcinia Most species in Garcinia are known for their gum resin, brownish-yellow from xanthonoids such as mangostin, and used as purgative or cathartic, but most frequently – at least in former times – as a pigment. The colour term gamboge refers to this pigment. Extracts of the exocarp of certain species – typically "G. gummi-gutta", but also purple mangosteen – are often contained in appetite suppressants, but their effectiveness at normal consumption levels is unproven, while at least one case of severe acidosis caused by long-term consumption of such products has been documented. Furthermore, they may contain significant amounts of hydroxycitric

neg: Xanthomonas arboricola epiphytic stage (gathering all nutrients and water from the air) until mid to late spring when sufficient rainsplash spreads the bacteria to new buds and fruits where it becomes pathogenic. With enough early spring rain, a repeating cycle can form in which infected leaves and young buds pass the disease to early season fruit and nutlets. With less rain, a late season infection of fruit and nuts will occur. After the infection of fruit and nuts in autumn, "Xanthomonas arboricola" will spread to dormant buds and wounds in leaves or branches and overwinter. Come early spring the "Xanthomonas" will once

neg: One Piece they lose all their strength and coordination, although some abilities remain. For example, Luffy is still able to stretch after being totally submerged. Moving water, such as rain or waves, does not have this effect. When a Devil Fruit user dies, the powers reincarnate into a new Devil Fruit. For unknown reasons, Devil Fruit users cannot eat a second Devil Fruit because it would cause their bodies to burst, although Blackbeard managed to get a second Devil Fruit power through an unknown method. Devil Fruit powers can be in a stage called "Awakened", where the user can turn anything around

neg: Cryptostegia grandiflora of the wet season, but growth does not become rapid until well after the wet season begins. However, if enough water is available, rubber vine can grow as much as five metres in one month. Flowering usually occurs after the wet season ends, along with fruit set. In the West Kimberley, plant growth accelerates before the first rains come, stimulated by higher pre-wet season humidity and flowering occurs early and during the wet season. It is usual to find both mature and immature fruit on rubber vine at any one time. Rubber vine seeds are dispersed by winds and flooding.

neg: Avocado avocado does not tolerate well), the trees tend to produce abundantly the next season. In addition, due to environmental circumstances during some years, seedless avocados may appear on the trees. Known in the avocado industry as "cukes", they are usually discarded commercially due to their small size. Avocados can be propagated by seed, taking roughly four to six years to bear fruit, although in some cases seedlings can take 10 years to come into bearing. The offspring is unlikely to be identical to the parent cultivar in fruit quality. Prime quality varieties are therefore propagated by grafting to rootstocks that