query: when was the constitution of the usa written

pos: United States Constitution or more that signed. It would not cover the four or fewer states that might not have signed. The signing of the United States Constitution occurred on September 17, 1787, when 39 delegates to the Constitutional Convention endorsed the constitution created during the convention. In addition to signatures, this closing endorsement, the Constitution's eschatocol, included a brief declaration that the delegates' work has been successfully completed and that those whose signatures appear on it subscribe to the final document. Included are, a statement pronouncing the document's adoption by the states present, a formulaic dating of its adoption, and the signatures

pos: Signing of the United States Constitution recommendation of the Constitutional Convention be received by Congress and distributed to the states, for their approval or disapproval. The other was written by George Washington, on behalf of the delegates, to the President of the Continental Congress, Arthur St. Clair, regarding the proposed Constitution. Signing of the United States Constitution The Signing of the United States Constitution occurred on September 17, 1787, at Independence Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, when 39 delegates to the Constitutional Convention, representing 12 states (all but Rhode Island, which declined to send delegates), endorsed the Constitution created during the four-month-long convention. In addition to signatures,

neg: Constitution Constitution A constitution is a set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is governed. These rules together make up, i.e. "constitute", what the entity is. When these principles are written down into a single document or set of legal documents, those documents may be said to embody a "written" constitution; if they are written down in a single comprehensive document, it is said to embody a "codified" constitution. Some constitutions (such as the constitution of the United Kingdom) are uncodified, but written in numerous fundamental Acts of a legislature, court cases or

neg: Alexander Muchnik Constitution of Ukraine (Book One)." He has also written on the concepts of constitutional political science, semi-presidential republic in Ukraine, and constitutional reform in Ukraine. Among his other projects are the Charter of the city of Odessa, Law of Ukraine "On civil society in Ukraine", a new edition of the Constitution of Ukraine; a number of comments on the fundamental rights of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; and brochures about the Dr. Haass Social Assistance Fund (1991, New York, USA). Muchnik was the founder of the first non-governmental charitable organization in the Soviet Union, the Dr. Haass Social Assistance

neg: Constitution of the Athenians (Aristotle) still sending officials to Samos. After 322 BC, Samos was no longer under Athenian control. Based on this internal evidence, scholars conclude that the "Athenian Constitution" was written no earlier than 328 BC and no later than 322 BC. Furthermore, the fact that Aristotle does not mention quinquiremes despite mentioning triremes and quadriremes suggests that it was written no later than 325 BC when quinquiremes are first recorded in the Athenian Navy. Constitution of the Athenians (Aristotle) The Constitution of the Athenians, also called the Athenian Constitution (Greek: Ἀθηναίων πολιτεία, "Athenaion Politeia"; Latin: "Atheniensium Respublica"), is a work by Aristotle

neg: Constitution of Montana that finally permitted the people of Montana to be admitted to the Union after adopting and ratifying a constitution, and the third constitution for the incipient state was written and ratified later that year. It entered into force on November 8, 1889, when Montana became the 41st state admitted to the Union by the Presidential Proclamation of Benjamin Harrison. The 1889 Constitution remained in force until 1972, when a new constitutional convention was held. The 1972 Constitution was adopted by the 100 delegates to the Constitutional Convention on March 22, 1972, and was ratified by the citizens of Montana on

neg: Constitution operated under the principle of parliamentary sovereignty under which the laws passed by United Kingdom Parliament could not be questioned by the courts. "Judicial philosophies of constitutional interpretation (note: generally specific to United States constitutional law)" Constitution A constitution is a set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is governed. These rules together make up, i.e. "constitute", what the entity is. When these principles are written down into a single document or set of legal documents, those documents may be said to embody a "written" constitution; if they are written down in

neg: Paul Finkelman civil liberties, the United States Constitution and constitutional law, and baseball. Finkelman was listed as one of the ten most-cited legal historians in Brian Leiter's survey of most-cited law professors by specialty from 2000 to 2014. Finkelman has also written numerous entries for encyclopedias and reference works. More than eighty short book reviews he has written have appeared in a wide variety of scholarly journals. His essays, op-eds and blogs have been published in the "New York Times", "The Washington Post", "USA Today", "The Baltimore Sun", the "Huffington Post", theRoot.com, and other non-scholarly avenues. Among them have been about Thomas

neg: Germain Metternich teeth sound, face oval, clouring healthful, constitution type athletic and slim." He returned to Germany during the Constitution Campaigns of 1849 and participated actively in the Palatinate-Baden uprising. There he fought amongst others together with Franz Sigel. After the abolition he fled to Switzerland again. In Mainz he was charged with a “High treason” lawsuit in the following year. Metternich was acquitted, but expelled from Germany. When Switzerland also expelled him shortly afterwards, he emigrated to the USA. When Metternich emigrated to the United States in 1850 he settled in New York. Metternich was engaged with the set up of

neg: När vi gräver guld i USA När vi gräver guld i USA När vi gräver guld i USA also known with its English language title "When We Dig for Gold in the USA" was a song which was used as fight song for the Swedish national team during the 1994 FIFA World Cup in the United States, where Sweden ended up third. During the Grammis Awards for 1994, it won the category "Song of the year 1994". The song was written and recorded by Swedish pop trio GES. The words "När vi gräver guld i USA" ("When we dig gold in the USA"), which appear in

neg: John Seigenthaler Reform that followed the 2000 presidential election. He was also a member of the Constitution Project on Liberty and Security. In 2002, when it was discovered that "USA Today" reporter Jack Kelley had fabricated some of his stories, "USA Today" turned to Seigenthaler, along with veteran editors Bill Hilliard and Bill Kovach, to monitor the investigation. In 2002, Vanderbilt renamed the 57,000-square-foot (5,300 m²) building that houses the Freedom Forum, First Amendment Center, and Diversity Institute the John Seigenthaler Center. At one point, "USA Today" and Freedom Forum founder Allen Neuharth called Seigenthaler "the best champion of the First Amendment."

neg: USA Cricket in the year, on September 24, USA Cricket was launched as the USACAs replacement, as recognized by the ICC. On December 18, 2017 a new national governing body for cricket in the USA took a step closer to fruition with the formal approval of a new constitution for the sport – paving the way for historic elections in 2018. The Sustainable Foundation Advisory Group (SFAG), set up to unify the cricket community in the USA, has given the green light to a constitution that will see the election of a new Board, including three independent directors, of which one must

neg: Constitution of Indonesia Constitution of Indonesia The Constitution of Indonesia (, "UUD '45") is the basis for the government of Indonesia. The constitution was written in June, July and August 1945, when Indonesia was emerging from Japanese control at the end of World War II. It was abrogated by the Federal Constitution of 1949 and the Provisional Constitution of 1950, but restored on 5 July 1959. The 1945 Constitution then set forth the Pancasila, the five nationalist principles devised by Sukarno, as the embodiment of basic principles of an independent Indonesian state. It provides for a limited separation of executive, legislative, and judicial

neg: Hungarian Constitution of 1949 it gained stature from the early 1990s for three reasons. First, the process of gradual amendments allowed for experimentation that remedied some of its weaknesses. Second, the 1989 document became stable in 1997 when the government abandoned plans for drafting a new constitution. Finally, the Court never disregarded the constitution altogether, remaining acutely aware of its text. The document was initially titled "Constitution of the Hungarian People's Republic" (). Hungarian Constitution of 1949 The Hungarian Constitution of 1949 was adopted on 20 August 1949 and heavily amended on 23 October 1989. The document was Hungary's first permanent written constitution, and

neg: Politics of Thailand written constitution. The monarch was the originator of all laws and the head of the government. In 1932 the first written constitution was issued, expected to be the most important guideline of the kingdom. Constitutions have traditionally been considered to be the "symbol of democracy" in Thailand, despite their many abrogations and changes. However, when political disputes took place among the elites, the first military coup occurred in 1933 and the first official constitution was removed, to be replaced by a new one. All of Thailand's charters and constitutions have recognized a unified kingdom with a constitutional monarchy, but with

neg: Fucking USA Fucking USA "Fucking USA", often called "Fuck'n USA", is a protest song written by South Korean singer and activist Yoon Min-suk. Strongly anti-US Foreign policy and anti-Bush, the song was written in 2002 at a time when, following the Apolo Ohno Olympic controversy and an incident in which two Korean middle school students were killed by a U.S. Army vehicle, anti-American sentiment in Korea reached high levels. Musically it is a parody of Surfin' U.S.A., and though it has a vulgar aspect it is not supposed to be, according to Yoon, just an angsty punk-type song but a serious critique

neg: Constitution of Indonesia for the establishment of a Constitutional court before 17 August 2003. Tasks the People's Consultative Assembly with re-examining decrees passed by it and its predecessors for their validity to be determined in the 2003 general session. Constitution of Indonesia The Constitution of Indonesia (, "UUD '45") is the basis for the government of Indonesia. The constitution was written in June, July and August 1945, when Indonesia was emerging from Japanese control at the end of World War II. It was abrogated by the Federal Constitution of 1949 and the Provisional Constitution of 1950, but restored on 5 July 1959. The

neg: Constitution of the Irish Free State document that, after an initial period, could be amended only by referendum. However, amendments were made to the Constitution's amendment procedure, so that all amendments could be and were in fact made by a simple Act of the Oireachtas (parliament). Whether or not the Irish Free State would have a written constitution was the subject of some debate when the Irish Free State (Saorstát Éireann) Bill was introduced to the Provisional Parliament by President Cosgrave. The Labour leader, Thomas Johnson, remarked: Another reason put forward not to adopt a written constitution was that constitutional conventions between members of the British

neg: Law of Indonesia of which executive, legislative and judicial branches of government must defer to it. The constitution was written in July and August 1945, when Indonesia was emerging from Japanese control at the end of World War II. It was abrogated by the Federal Constitution of 1949 and the Provisional Constitution of 1950, but restored after the President Sukarno's decree on 5 July 1959. During the 32 years of Suharto's administration, the constitution had never been amended. Suharto refused to countenance any changes to the constitution and the People's Consultative Assembly passed a law in 1985 requiring national referendum for the constitution

neg: Living Constitution the original constitution does not allow for judicial interpretation in any form. The Supreme Court's power for constitutional review, and by extension its interpretation, did not come about until "Marbury v. Madison" in 1803. The concept for a "living constitution" therefore relies on an argument regarding the writing of the constitution that had no validity when the constitution was written. The views of constitutional law scholar Laurence Tribe are often described by conservative critics such as Robert Bork as being characteristic of the "living Constitution paradigm" they condemn. Bork labels Tribe's approach as "protean," meaning that it was whatever Tribe

neg: Guáimaro Constitution leaders, even Agramonte when he took on a military role, to function as near dictators. As one historian assesses the constitutional experiment: The Guáimaro Constitution was in effect until 15 March 1878. On 1 July 1940, the delegates to the Constitutional Assembly that wrote and adopted a new Cuban Constitution in Havana, having completed their work on 8 June, assembled at the site where the Guáimaro Constitution had been adopted, a schoolhouse in Guáimaro, and signed their document on the same table used in 1869. Guáimaro Constitution The Guáimaro Constitution was the governing document written by the idealistic and politically

neg: United States national cricket team Council voted unanimously to expel USACA following a Board recommendation in April and a recent Dispute Resolution Committee hearing before the Honourable Michael Beloff QC, which concluded in June 2017. On September 24, 2017 the new USA Cricket governing body launched a new brand and a new vision for cricket in the United States of America. More recently a brand new website at https://www.usacricket.org/ was launched and on December 18, 2017 a constitution for the governing body was approved by the ICC as 'Approved constitution marks historic landmark for cricket in USA'. USA Cricket is an organization in development that

neg: Constitution of Japan made amendments the House of Peers approved the document on 6 October; the House of Representatives adopted it in the same form the following day, with only five members voting against, and became law when it received the Emperor's assent on 3 November 1946. Under its own terms the constitution came into effect on 3 May 1947. A government organisation, the "Kenpō Fukyū Kai" ("Constitution Popularisation Society"), was established to promote the acceptance of the new constitution among the populace. The new constitution would not have been written the way it was had MacArthur and his staff allowed Japanese politicians

neg: Constitution of Singapore whether the power of Parliament to amend the Constitution can ever be limited. It left the issue open for decision in a future case. Since 9 August 1965 when the Constitution came into force, 46 amendments have been made to it. Some of the significant ones are listed below. Constitution of Singapore The Constitution of the Republic of Singapore is the supreme law of Singapore. A written constitution, the text which took effect on 9 August 1965 is derived from the Constitution of the State of Singapore 1963, provisions of the Federal Constitution of Malaysia made applicable to Singapore by

neg: Charles Gibson On the October 22, 1991, edition of "Good Morning America", Gibson asked Perot what Perot would advise President George H. W. Bush to do to "jump-start the economy". Perot stated that the U.S. helped Germany and Japan write their respective nations' constitutions: "This was at a time when the industrial revolution had occurred. Our Constitution was written 200 years ago, before it occurred." He added that those nations "have an intelligent relationship between business and government." Vice President Quayle responded: "Mr. Perot, we do not need a new constitution. Our Constitution has served us well." When Gibson interviewed Democratic presidential

neg: Edmund Randolph were necessary before ratification. Some thought the objection insubstantial because the Constitution provided a process for amendment. In common with other advocates of amending the Constitution prior to ratification, Randolph insisted that it would be easier to amend the Constitution before ratifying it, when a majority might do so, than to ratify an imperfect Constitution and then assemble the votes of three-fourths of the states. He did not think it desirable that the people should become accustomed to altering their constitution with any regularity once it was adopted. The Governor had written, “If after our best efforts for amendments, they

neg: Constitution of Indiana written in several different sections. When the constitution was submitted to the public for voting, they could vote on each section, meaning that all, part, or none of the constitution could be approved. Some sections that were approved in the convention were voted down by the public, including a clause allowing universal suffrage regardless of race or sex. The constitution was submitted to the general public in the election of 1851 and was ratified, went into effect 4 July 1851, and has since remained the highest state law in Indiana. The sitting elected government was permitted to retain their seats,

neg: Constitution of Myanmar referendum, the 1974 constitution was the second constitution to be written. It created a unicameral legislature called the People's Assembly (Pyithu Hluttaw), represented by members of the Burma Socialist Programme Party. Each term was 4 years. Ne Win became the president at this time. Upon taking power in September 1988, the military based State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC) suspended the 1974 constitution. The SLORC called a constitutional convention in 1993, but it was suspended in 1996 when the National League for Democracy (NLD) boycotted it, calling it undemocratic. The constitutional convention was again called in 2004, but without

neg: Michigan State University National Public Radio's talk radio programming, whereas WKAR-FM focuses mostly on classical music programming. Michigan State's student-run radio station, WDBM, broadcasts mostly alternative music during weekdays and electric music programming nights and weekends. Lou Anna Simon was president of the University from January 1, 2005, until January 24, 2018, when she resigned in the wake of the USA Gymnastics sex abuse scandal. An interim successor was not immediately named. MSU's governing board, the Board of Trustees, receives its mandate from the Michigan Constitution as MSU is a state-owned school. The constitution allows for eight trustees who are elected by statewide

neg: International Amateur Radio Union Europe, Americas, and Asia. A constitution for the IARU was adopted on April 17, and the formation of the International Amateur Radio Union was ratified on April 18, 1925. The protocol of the congress was written in English, French and Esperanto. As of February 2009, the International Amateur Radio Union is composed of 162 national member societies. The IARU has an elected President and Vice President, an appointed Secretary and other officials (including regional representatives) forming an Administrative Council. These office holders are presently Timothy Ellam (Canada), President; Ole Garpestad (Norway), Vice-President and Rod Stafford (USA), Secretary. The IARU International

neg: American Prayer (Bono song) "poetry of the Declaration of Independence and the taut truth in the Constitution", as well as "The New Colossus", the poem written by Emma Lazarus for the Statue of Liberty. In writing of the origin of the song, Stewart said, "Bono was crafting the words in a way that would make people think about the fact that 'America' as a concept was a truly great idea, based on the bedrock of equality." On 3 December 2003 "USA Today" published a draft of the lyrics. Echoing Dr Martin Luther King, Jr., the song ends with, "If you get to the top

neg: Massachusetts Compromise Massachusetts Compromise The Massachusetts Compromise was a solution reached in a controversy between Federalists and Anti-Federalists over ratification of the United States Constitution. The compromise helped gather enough support for the Constitution to ensure its ratification and lead to the adoption of the first ten amendments, the Bill of Rights. Anti-Federalists feared the Constitution would over-centralize government and diminish individual rights and liberties. They sought to amend the Constitution, particularly with a Bill of Rights as a condition before ratification. Federalists insisted that states had to accept or reject the document as written. When efforts to ratify the Constitution encountered

neg: History of Indiana had become a developing state with several cities. In 1816, Indiana's population was around 65,000, and in less than 50 years, it had increased to more than 1,000,000 inhabitants. Because of the rapidly changing state, the constitution of 1816 began to be criticized. Opponents claimed the constitution had too many appointed positions, the terms established were inadequate, and some of the clauses were too easily manipulated by the political parties that did not exist when then constitution was written. The first constitution had not been put to a vote by the general public, and following the great population growth in

neg: History of the Constitution of Brazil by the Polish April Constitution of 1935. It was intended to consolidate the powers of the president, while substantially limiting the powers and autonomy of Congress and the judiciary. While clearly dictatorial, it was not intended to be completely totalitarian and repressive. It kept most social improvements of the previous constitution, and added more: The right to education, the right to culture preservation and guidelines for family rights, building on the Civil Code of 1917. On the other side, however, it heavily concentrated executive power: When Vargas was forced to resign in 1945, a new constitution was written, once again

neg: 1952 Constitution of Romania 1952 Constitution of Romania The 1952 Constitution of Romania, also called the "constitution of building socialism", expressed the consolidation of Communist power, featuring greater ideological content than its 1948 predecessor. A draft was written by a commission elected by the Great National Assembly on March 27, 1952, and published on July 18. By a 324-0 vote, it was adopted by the Great National Assembly on September 24, when it came into force, and published three days later. The document contained an introductory chapter and ten further chapters containing 105 articles. Romania was proclaimed a "state of working people from the

neg: Kathleen E. Christensen a Professor of Environmental Psychology at the Graduate Center of City University of New York, where she was one of the first people to conduct research on remote work and contingent work. Christensen received a PhD from Pennsylvania State University. Christensen’s published books include: She has written op-eds that have appeared in the Washington Post, USA Today, Chicago Tribune, Philadelphia Inquirer and Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Kathleen E. Christensen Kathleen E. Christensen is an American social scientist and author best known for her research on the changing nature of work, including remote and contingent work, as well as workplace flexibility. She currently

neg: History of the Constitution of Brazil when Castelo Branco agreed to support the military's reform program. By this time, the military had decided to drop all pretense of democracy. It also felt the 1946 constitution was "obsolete" as the "new institutions" were not foreseen in it. A new constitution was written by a team of lawyers commissioned by Castelo Branco and amended (under the instructions of Castelo Branco himself) by the minister of Justice, Carlos Medeiros Silva and voted as whole by the Brazilian Parliament (already purged of most opponents of the status quo). The main features of the new Constitution were: In 1969, this already

neg: 1923 Constitution of Romania after the King Michael Coup of August 23, 1944, and definitively abrogated when Romania became a republic on December 30, 1947. During this latter period, in July 1946, the Senate was abolished—the only significant modification to the document. 1923 Constitution of Romania The 1923 Constitution of Romania, also called the Constitution of Union, was intended to align the organisation of the state on the basis of universal male suffrage and the new realities that arose after the Great Union of 1918. Four draft constitutions existed: one belonging to the National Liberal Party, written with contributions from Ion I. C. Brătianu;

neg: Communist Party USA The majority reasserted the party's now purely Marxist outlook, prompting a minority faction which urged social democrats to exit the now reduced party. The party has since adopted Marxism–Leninism within its program. In 2014, the new draft of the party constitution declared: "We apply the scientific outlook developed by Marx, Engels, Lenin and others in the context of our American history, culture, and traditions". The Communist Party is based in New York City. From 1922 to 1988, it published "Morgen Freiheit", a daily newspaper written in Yiddish. For decades, its West Coast newspaper was the "People's World" and its East

neg: Constitution may express respect for human rights or establish an independent judiciary, they may be ignored when the government feels threatened, or never put into practice. An extreme example was the Constitution of the Soviet Union that on paper supported freedom of assembly and freedom of speech; however, citizens who transgressed unwritten limits were summarily imprisoned. The example demonstrates that the protections and benefits of a constitution are ultimately provided not through its written terms but through deference by government and society to its principles. A constitution may change from being real to a facade and back again as democratic and

neg: Hermann Axen foreign affairs committee. Hermann Axen remained till 16 November 1989, when his parliamentary mandate was revoked "by a resolution of the party Volkskammer group" (""Mandatsniederlegung nach Fraktionsbeschluss ""). In October 1949 the Soviet occupation zone was relaunched as the Soviet sponsored German Democratic Republic (East Germany). In practice the new country's constitutional arrangements followed not the written constitution formally proclaimed in October 1949 but a Leninist constitutional model. (A new written constitution, endorsed by referendum in 1968, would in most respects belatedly align the de jure and de facto positions.) Under the highly centralised Leninist constitutional structure, power flowed not

neg: Constitution of the Maldives and fraternity. In June 2008, an assembly, called the "Special Majlis", completed a new constitution. It was ratified by the president on 7 August 2008. This constitution was written over a period of 4 years, started in 2003 when President Gayyoom promised a new 'modern, multi-party and democratic system' in the country following the 2003 Maldives civil unrest and others that followed. This new constitution includes a judiciary run by an independent commission, and independent commissions to oversee elections and fight corruption. It also reduces the executive powers vested under the president and strengthens the parliament. Among other changes, it

neg: World Constitution and Parliament Association WCPA and have declared themselves as personal ratifiers of the Earth Constitution. World Constitution and Parliament Association The World Constitution and Parliament Association was established in 1958 by Professor Philip Isely and his wife Margaret Isely of Denver, Colorado, USA, to create a Constitution for a Federation of Earth and to promote democratic world government under that Constitution. It was soon joined by Dr. Terence Amerasinghe and Dr. Reinhart Ruge, who became Co-Presidents. The organization has grown into a worldwide movement since that time, with chapters today in many countries involving many thousands of citizens around the world. In addition,

neg: Jeff Koterba City Star" from 1986 to 1989 where his work also regularly appeared in the "Los Angeles Times". He was hired by the "Omaha World-Herald" in 1989 as the editorial cartoonist, filling a 9-year void at that position. While at the "World Herald", Koterba has occasionally written editorials and feature stories. Koterba describes himself as "passionate centrist". His work regularly appears in many major U.S. newspapers including "The New York Times", "Chicago Tribune", "USA Today", "The Atlanta Journal Constitution", "Washington Post" and CNN. He has also been featured in many magazines and high-profile websites. His cartoons regularly appear in the "Best

neg: Egyptian Constitution of 1971 1964, President Nasser once again introduced a new written constitution for the republic. In 1971, when President Anwar Sadat took office, he moved to the adoption of a new democratic constitution that would allow more freedoms, a return of a more sound parliamentary life and correct democratic practice with the return of political parties and a bicameral parliamentary system. The 1971 constitution is the fourth adopted constitution since the declaration of the republic and is known as "The Permanent Egyptian Constitution" although, since its ratification, it has been amended three times by two presidents; the first being in 1980 by

neg: När vi gräver guld i USA with the public. The release of the new version as downloads resulted in the single reaching number 4 on Sverigetopplistan, the official Swedish Singles Chart. När vi gräver guld i USA När vi gräver guld i USA also known with its English language title "When We Dig for Gold in the USA" was a song which was used as fight song for the Swedish national team during the 1994 FIFA World Cup in the United States, where Sweden ended up third. During the Grammis Awards for 1994, it won the category "Song of the year 1994". The song was written

neg: Federalist No. 54 States and "Father of the Constitution." He wrote 29 of the Federalist Papers, although Madison himself, and many others since then, asserted that he had written more. A known error in Hamilton's list is that he incorrectly ascribed No. 54 to John Jay, when in fact Jay wrote No. 64, has provided some evidence for Madison's suggestion. Nearly all of the statistical studies show that the disputed papers were written by Madison, but as the writers themselves released no complete list. Prior to the Constitution, the Articles of Confederation stated that the apportionment of taxation was based off the land

neg: Article One of the Constitution of Georgia (U.S. State) Article One of the Constitution of Georgia (U.S. State) Article One of the Georgia State Constitution describes the Georgia Bill of Rights, a set of forty paragraphs which enumerate the Rights of Persons, the Origin and Structure of Government and other General Provisions. The Georgia Bill of Rights was written by Thomas R.R. Cobb under the title "Declaration of Fundamental Principals", as part of the Georgia Constitution of 1861 when the State of Georgia seceded from the United States of America and joined the Confederate States of America. The first Section, the Rights of Persons, lists twenty-eight paragraphs of individual

neg: Basic Laws of Israel comprehensive constitution. There is no clear rule determining the precedence of Basic Laws over regular legislation, and in many cases this issue is left to interpretation by the judicial system. In 1950, the first Knesset came to what was called the Harari Decision. Rather than draft a full constitution immediately, they would postpone the work, charging the Knesset's Constitution, Law, and Justice Committee with drafting the document piecemeal. Each chapter would be called a Basic Law, and when all had been written they would be compiled into a complete constitution. Between 1958 and 1988 the Knesset passed nine Basic Laws,

neg: University of Alabama Tide!" The Alabama Alma Mater is set to the tune of "Annie Lisle", a ballad written in the 1850s. The lyrics are usually credited as, "Helen Vickers, 1908", although it is not clear whether that was when it was written or if that was her graduating class. University of Alabama graduates include 15 Rhodes Scholars, 29 Goldwater Scholars, and 12 Truman Scholars. UA graduates have also been named to the USA Today All-USA College Academic Team. University of Alabama The University of Alabama (Alabama or UA) is a public research university in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. It is the flagship of the

neg: Federal Council (Switzerland) in order of seniority: The Federal Council was instituted by the 1848 Federal Constitution as the "supreme executive and directorial authority of the Confederation". When the Constitution was written, constitutional democracy was still in its infancy, and the founding fathers of Switzerland had little in the way of examples. While they drew heavily on the U.S. Constitution for the organisation of the federal state as a whole, they opted for the collegial rather than the presidential system for the executive branch of government (directorial system). This accommodated the long tradition of the rule of collective bodies in Switzerland. Under the

neg: Federal common law that, "when Congress addresses a question previously governed by a decision resting on federal common law, the need for such an unusual exercise of law-making by federal courts disappears." During the era when the Constitution was written, it was understood that common law was alterable by legislatures. For example, Alexander Hamilton emphasized in "The Federalist Papers" that the New York Constitution made the common law subject "to such alterations and provisions as the legislature shall from time to time make concerning the same." Thus, even when a federal court has authority to make common law, that law is subject to

neg: Assembly of Experts for Constitution Assembly of Experts for Constitution Assembly of Experts for Constitution (), also translated the Assembly for the Final Review of the Constitution (AFRC), was a constituent assembly in Iran, elected in the summer of 1979 to write a new constitution for the Islamic Republic Government. It convened on August 18 to consider the draft constitution written earlier, completed its deliberations rewriting the constitution on November 15, and saw the constitution it had written approved by referendum on December 2 and 3, 1979, by over 98 percent of the vote. Prior to its election a "Revolutionary council" had unveiled a draft

neg: World Constitution and Parliament Association World Constitution and Parliament Association The World Constitution and Parliament Association was established in 1958 by Professor Philip Isely and his wife Margaret Isely of Denver, Colorado, USA, to create a Constitution for a Federation of Earth and to promote democratic world government under that Constitution. It was soon joined by Dr. Terence Amerasinghe and Dr. Reinhart Ruge, who became Co-Presidents. The organization has grown into a worldwide movement since that time, with chapters today in many countries involving many thousands of citizens around the world. In addition, thousands more have registered as delegates for Provisional World Parliaments organized by

neg: Jean-Louis de Lolme protracted exile in England, De Lolme made a careful study of the English constitution, the results of which he published in his "" ("The Constitution of England", Amsterdam, 1771), of which an enlarged and improved edition in English appeared in 1775, and was several times reprinted. The work excited much interest as containing many acute observations on the causes of the excellence of the English constitution as compared with those of other countries. However, it was termed by the 11th edition of the "Encyclopædia Britannica" (1911) as "wanting in breadth of view, being written before the period when constitutional questions

neg: Henson v. Santander Consumer USA Inc. Henson v. Santander Consumer USA Inc. Henson v. Santander Consumer USA Inc., 582 U.S. ___ (2017), is a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States which held that a company is not a "debt collector" under the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA) if it purchased that debt and then attempts to collect from the debtor. It was Justice Neil Gorsuch's first written opinion since joining the Court in April 2017. CitiFinancial loaned money to several individuals seeking to purchase automobiles. When the loans went unpaid, CitiFinancial repossessed and sold them to Santander Consumer USA, and told the

neg: Pasquale Paoli president, supplanting his former position. In November 1755, the people of Corsica ratified a constitution that proclaimed Corsica a sovereign nation, independent from the Republic of Genoa. This was the first constitution written under Enlightenment principles. The new president and author of the constitution occupied himself with building a modern state; for example, he founded a university at Corte. Seeing that they had in effect lost control of Corsica, Genoa responded by selling Corsica to the French by secret treaty in 1764 and allowing Genovese troops to be replaced quietly by French ones. When all was ready in 1768 the

neg: American civil religion to the American nation, Thomas Grey in his article "The Constitution as scripture", contrasted those traditional societies with divinely appointed rulers enjoying heavenly mandates for social cohesion with that of the United States. He pointed out that Article VI, third clause, requires all political figures, both federal and state, "be bound by oath or affirmation to support this Constitution, but no religious test shall ever be required ..." This was a major break not only with past British practice commingling authority of state and religion, but also with that of most American states when the Constitution was written. Escape clause.

neg: Jamie P. Chandler Chandler" on LA Talk Radio. Chandler's political commentary has been published by the Associated Press, Atlanta Journal Constitution, Bloomberg, Boston Globe, Chicago Tribune, CNN, Daily Mail, Daily News (New York), Financial Times, Houston Chronicle, Huffington Post, International Business Times, NBC News, Newsday, The New York Times, Reuters, San Francisco Chronicle, Talking Points Memo, The Daily Beast, The Palm Beach Post, The Washington Post, Washington Times, Washington Examiner, USA Today, and Yahoo News. He has written columns for U.S. News & World Report, Politico, and International Business Times. During the 2012 Election season, he blogged for the Daily News (New York).

neg: Brian Kilcommons Journal Report", PBS's "", and he hosted Fox News Channel's "Pet News". He has also served as the CBS Morning News Investigative Reporter and Animal Expert on WABC Eyewitness News, Channel 7. He toured several <nowiki>PETstock</nowiki> pet supplies stores in Australia during 2012, conducting workshops with customer's dogs. Kilcommons has written articles for the following publications: "Redbook", "Town & Country", "The Atlanta Journal-Constitution", "People", "Miami Herald", "Toronto Star", "Boston Globe", "USA Today", "San Francisco Chronicle", "Vancouver Sun", "Time", "Philadelphia Inquirer", "The New York Times", "Newsday", "St. Louis Post Dispatch", "Los Angeles Times", "Chicago Tribune", "Glamour", "Dogs in Canada", "Mc Calls","

neg: Politics of Laos Council of Ministers. The FY 2000 central government budget plan called for revenue of $180 million and expenditures of $289 million, including capital expenditures of $202 million. Laos' first, French-written and monarchical constitution was promulgated on May 11, 1947 and declared it to be an independent state within the French Union. The revised constitution of May 11, 1957, omitted reference to the French Union, though close educational, health and technical ties with the former colonial power persisted. The 1957 document was abrogated on December 3, 1975, when a communist People's Republic was proclaimed. A new constitution was adopted in 1991

neg: Human rights in the Soviet Union workers: a model constitution adopted in a worst period of terror and guaranteeing human rights, elections in which there was only one candidate, and in which 99 percent voted; a parliament at which no hand was ever raised in opposition or abstention." Sergei Kovalev recalled "the famous article 125 of Constitution which enumerated all main citizen and political rights" in Soviet Union. But when he and other prisoners attempted to use this as a legal base for their abuse complaints, their prosecutor's argument was that "the Constitution was written not for you, but for American Negros, so that they know

neg: Public domain in the United States the Constitution went into effect remain in the public domain. Works additionally fall to the public domain automatically when copyright has expired, though additional alterations to copyright laws since the original Constitution have extended the length of time for which a given copyright may be valid or can be renewed. Public domain books within the United States include a number of notable titles, many of which are still commonly read and studied as part of the English-language "literary canon". Examples include: Thousands of paintings and photographs are under public domain in the USA; these include photographs taken by Jacob Riis,

neg: Confidentiality status of CRS Reports was to provide for a system of "checks and balances", and that, although sharing powers can created administrative and deliberative inefficiencies, "having a government that its citizens can control and hold accountable was preferred in 1787, when the Constitution was written, to having one effectively controlled by either the executive or the legislative branch;" and "the fundamental framework of government under the Constitution remains unchanged today." The report adds that "in order for the sharing of power to protect against the abuse of power, more is required than the words of the Constitution." In the section entitled "Nonpartisan Support for

neg: John Williams (Salem, New York) New York in 1784. He served as brigadier general of militia in 1786. During 1788 when the American people were debating whether their states should ratify the proposed Constitution of the United States, Williams was an Anti-Federalist, meaning that he opposed the proposed Constitution. Williams is one of several people suspected of having written very influential Anti-Federalist essays under the pen name Brutus. Williams was subsequently a delegate to the State ratification convention in 1788, where the Anti-Federalists failed to stop the Constitution, but succeeded in obtaining assurances that a Bill of Rights would be added. He was a member

neg: Constitution of the Irish Free State Commonwealth were evolving and there was likely to be an Imperial Conference on the matter before long. The Labour leader also objected to the manner in which the Provisional Parliament was being described as a "constituent assembly" when in fact it was not acting of its "free volition" and thereby at liberty to adopt a constitution. He compared it to re-establishing Poynings' Law. Nonetheless, there were counter arguments in favour of adopting a written constitution. Irish nationalists who fought the War of Independence believed themselves to be fighting on behalf of a newly formed state called the Irish Republic. The

neg: The Wild Life (song) attempt at a storyline, and focused on their performance of the song with random images. "USA: London Records 882 019-7 / Canada: London Records LDS 218 / Australia: Liberation Records LS 1430" "USA: London Records 882 019-1" The Wild Life (song) "The Wild Life" is a song written and performed by English girl group Bananarama. Written in two days, the track was composed for and included in the 1984 American film of the same name "The Wild Life" (starring Christopher Penn), and on its soundtrack. Bananarama's second, self-titled album had already been in stores for several months when this single

neg: BDO USA, LLP BDO USA, LLP BDO USA, LLP is the United States Member Firm of BDO International, a global accounting network. The company is headquartered in Chicago. BDO USA, LLP was founded as Seidman and Seidman in New York City in 1910 by three immigrant brothers: Maximillian L. Seidman, Francis E. Seidman, and Jacob S. Seidman. At that time the accounting profession was in its infancy, with fewer than 2,200 practicing CPAs in the United States. Shortly thereafter in 1913, the 16th Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified, followed by the Revenue Act of 1913 with new impositions of U.S.

neg: Living Constitution are not mathematical formulas having their essence in their form, but are organic living institutions transplanted from English soil. Their significance is not to be gathered simply from the words and a dictionary, but by considering their origin and the line of their growth.'" A prominent endorsement of the Living Constitution concept was heard in the 2000 presidential campaign by the Democratic candidate, Al Gore. The strongest argument against the doctrine of "Living Constitution" comes not from its moderate use, but when the concept is seen as promoting activism. The term presumes the premise of "that which is written is

neg: Anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu school activities during Hindi classes. The Indian Constituent Assembly was established on 9 December 1946, for drafting a Constitution when India became independent. The Constituent Assembly witnessed fierce debates on the language issue. The adoption of a National Language, the language in which the Constitution was to be written in and the language in which the proceedings of the Constituent Assembly were to be conducted were the main linguistic questions debated by the framers of the Constitution. On one side were members from the "Hindi-speaking provinces" like Algu Rai Sastri, R.V. Dhulekar, Balkrishna Sharma, Purushottam Das Tandon, (all from United

neg: BDO USA, LLP with recklessness, gross negligence and breach of fiduciary duties. BDO USA, LLP BDO USA, LLP is the United States Member Firm of BDO International, a global accounting network. The company is headquartered in Chicago. BDO USA, LLP was founded as Seidman and Seidman in New York City in 1910 by three immigrant brothers: Maximillian L. Seidman, Francis E. Seidman, and Jacob S. Seidman. At that time the accounting profession was in its infancy, with fewer than 2,200 practicing CPAs in the United States. Shortly thereafter in 1913, the 16th Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified, followed by the

neg: George Tavard where he retired in 1990. Father Tavard was a member of the Anglican-Roman Catholic Joint Preparatory Commission ("Malta Report", 1968), and then of the Anglican-Roman Catholic International Commission (ARCIC-1: "Final Report," 1983) until 1983, when he was assigned to the International dialogue of the RC Church and the World Methodist Council. He was part of ARC-USA (Anglican-Roman Catholic Conversations in the USA) and of Lutheran-Roman Catholic Dialogue in the USA from the beginning. He has lectured and written extensively in the areas of historical theology, ecumenism, and spirituality. He was an official Catholic observer at the World Council of Churches's

neg: Constitution of Laos adopted in 1945 under the Lao Issara (Free Laos) government. Its second — a French-written monarchical constitution — was adopted in 1947, revised in 1957, and abrogated in 1975. Laos's first constitution was drafted and adopted by the Lao Issara (Free Laos) government on October 12, 1945, containing 41 articles, with many of its articles inspired by the June 1932 provisional constitution of Thailand. After the Lao Issara government was deposed by the French and the monarchy restored in 1946, the restored royal government (with the support of France) adopted a new French-written monarchical constitution, promulgated on May 11, 1947

neg: Restoring the Lost Constitution Law Review Association praised the work, citing that it "replaces Richard Epstein's "Takings" as the leading tome about constitutional law written from a libertarian perspective". The American Political Science Association reviewed the book, saying that it was "a welcome addition to a never-ending debate". Ronald Kahn of the Law and Politics Book Review wrote that the book was "terrific in demonstrating the natural rights background to our Constitution and demonstrating that all rights cannot be listed in the Constitution", but that "Barnett's fundamental problem is that he allows for 'constitutional construction' when originalism cannot tell us which meanings to adopt,

neg: Constitution containing 444 articles in 22 parts, 12 schedules and 118 amendments, with 146,385 words in its English-language version, while the Constitution of Monaco is the shortest written constitution, containing 10 chapters with 97 articles, and a total of 3,814 words. The term "constitution" comes through French from the Latin word "constitutio", used for regulations and orders, such as the imperial enactments ("constitutiones principis": edicta, mandata, decreta, rescripta). Later, the term was widely used in canon law for an important determination, especially a decree issued by the Pope, now referred to as an "apostolic constitution". Generally, every modern written constitution confers

neg: 1798 Batavian Republic constitutional referendum 1798 Batavian Republic constitutional referendum A constitutional referendum was held in the Batavian Republic in 1798. After a previous referendum in 1797 resulted in a coup d'état, a new constitution was written. On 23 April 1798, a referendum was held about the new constitution. Only opponents of the federalists were allowed to vote. After the referendum, a new coup d'état was done by the Unitarians, and the constitution became effective in July 1798. The French, who had a big influence in the Batavian Republic, were not satisfied with the 1798 constitution, so a new constitution was written, for which a

neg: United States Electoral College both made it clear this approach violated the spirit of the Constitution. According to Hamilton, the selection of the president should be "made by men most capable of analyzing the qualities adapted to the station [of president]." According to Hamilton, the electors were to analyze the list of potential presidents and select the best one. He also used the term "deliberate". Hamilton considered a pre-pledged elector to violate the spirit of Article II of the Constitution insofar as such electors could make no "analysis" or "deliberate" concerning the candidates. Madison agreed entirely, saying that when the Constitution was written, all

neg: Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran 107-112). It is said that the thought of writing constitutional law in Iran has existed since when Ruhollah Khomeini was driven away to Paris before the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty in the Iranian Revolution. In other words, the thought of the Iranian constitution had existed in the second half of 1979 and its early draft had been written in Paris. Its draft also has been produced there and after that has been considered in Iran many times.Ruhollah Khomeini promised to Iranian people,the establishment of assembly establishers.This task transferred to the provisional government by Mehdi Bazargan. The draft constitution published

neg: Conservatism in the United States of 1857. A more recent variant that emerged in the 1980s is "originalism", the assertion that the United States Constitution should be interpreted to the maximum extent possible in the light of what it meant when it was adopted. Originalism should not be confused with a similar conservative ideology, strict constructionism, which deals with the interpretation of the Constitution as written, but not necessarily within the context of the time when it was adopted. In modern times, the term originalism has been used by Supreme Court justice Antonin Scalia, former federal judge Robert Bork and some other conservative jurists to

neg: Signing of the United States Constitution written by Gouverneur Morris so as to make the constitution seem unanimous. The committee also presented a proposed letter to accompany the constitution when delivered to the Congress of the Confederation. The final document, engrossed by Jacob Shallus, was taken up on Monday, September 17, at the Convention's final session. Several delegates were disappointed by the numerous compromises contained in the final document, believing that they had impaired its quality. In all, twelve of the thirteen states sent delegates to the Constitutional Convention; a total of 74 were named, 55 attended and 39 signed. Several attendees left before the signing

neg: Abdulaziz Sachedina adviser to those drafting the Constitution of Iraq that was put into effect in 2005. He speaks Hindi, Urdu, Persian, Arabic, Gujarati, Swahili, and English. He has also taught at the University of Virginia. "The Just Ruler in Shi'ite Islam: The Comprehensive Authority of the Jurist in Imamite Jurisprudence" Oxford University Press Inc (USA), 1998, "The Islamic Roots of Democratic Pluralism" Oxford University Press Inc (USA), 2000, "The Islamic World: Past and Present" John L. Esposito (Editor), Abdulaziz Abdulhussein Sachedina (Editor): Oxford University Press Inc (USA), 2004, "Islamic Biomedical Ethics" Oxford University Press (USA), 2009, "Islamic Messianism" State Univ of

neg: Constitution Act 1982 (analogous to the Australia Act 1986), is a similar example. Canada's constitution consists of almost 30 different statutes. The terms "written constitution" and "codified constitution" are often used interchangeably, as are "unwritten constitution" and "uncodified constitution", although this usage is technically inaccurate. A codified constitution is a single document; states that do not have such a document have uncodified, but not entirely unwritten, constitutions, since much of an uncodified constitution is usually written in laws such as the Basic Laws of Israel and the Parliament Acts of the United Kingdom. Uncodified constitutions largely lack protection against amendment by

neg: Constitution of Singapore constitutional behaviour" which are "binding by and upon those who operate the Constitution", but are not legally enforceable. Such conventions which are consistently practised and not flouted become an intrinsic part of the constitution over time. However, since Singapore now has a written constitution, conventions play a much less significant role. In comparison, countries such as the United Kingdom which lack a written constitution derive a major part of constitutional law from conventions. Back in Singapore's colonial days, the Government adopted many constitutional conventions from the United Kingdom. After independence, an attempt was made to incorporate many of these Westminster

neg: Constitution of New Zealand Bill of Rights. The society presented a petition to Parliament for a written constitution in 1961. Immediately following the 1984 general election in which the Labour Party gained a parliamentary majority, a constitutional crisis arose when incumbent Prime Minister Sir Robert Muldoon of the National Party refused to implement the instructions of Prime Minister-elect David Lange to devalue the New Zealand dollar to head off a speculative run on the currency. The crisis was resolved when Muldoon relented three days later, under pressure from his own Cabinet, which threatened to install Deputy Prime Minister Jim McLay in his place. Following

neg: Convention (meeting) the Episcopal Church USA and the Southern Baptist Convention. Many sovereign states have provisions for conventions besides their permanent legislature. The Constitution of the United States of America has a provision for the calling of a constitutional convention, whereby delegates of the states are summoned to a special meeting to amend or draft the constitution. This process has never occurred, save for the original drafting of the constitution, although it almost happened in several cases. The US Constitution also has provisions for constitutional amendments to be approved by state conventions of the people. This occurred to ratify the original constitution

neg: Constitution of Cuba the Crown for the independence of Spain's Latin American colonies, supported by his "Project of Instruction for the Politically and Economically Autonomous Government of the Overseas Provinces". The Guáimaro Constitution was the governing document written by the idealistic and politically liberal faction in the insurgency that contested Spanish colonial rule in Cuba and imposed on Carlos Manuel de Céspedes, the conservative who claimed leadership of the independence movement. It was nominally in effect from 1869 to 1878 during the Ten Years' War against Spain. La Yara Constitution written in 1896 was the last Constitution before the defeat of the Spanish.

neg: Constitution democratically elected Cossack parliament called the General Council. However, Orlyk's project for an independent Ukrainian State never materialized, and his constitution, written in exile, never went into effect. Corsican Constitutions of 1755 and 1794 were inspired by Jean-Jacques Rousseau. The latter introduced universal suffrage for property owners. The United States Constitution, ratified June 21, 1788, was influenced by the writings of Polybius, Locke, Montesquieu, and others. The document became a benchmark for republicanism and codified constitutions written thereafter. The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Constitution was passed on May 3, 1791. Its draft was developed by the leading minds of the Enlightenment in

neg: Draconian constitution Draconian constitution The Draconian constitution, or Draco's code, was a written law code created by Draco near the end of the 7th century BC in response to the unjust interpretation and modification of oral law by Athenian aristocrats. With most societies in Greece codifying basic law during the mid-seventh century BC, Athenian oral law was manipulated by the aristocracy until the emergence of Draco's code. Around 621 BC the people of Athens commissioned Draco to devise a written law code and constitution, giving him the title of the first legislator of Athens. The literate could read the code at a

neg: Law of Connecticut first written Constitution in the Western tradition. Thus, Connecticut earned its nickname of "The Constitution State". Connecticut historian John Fiske was the first to claim that the Fundamental Orders were the first written Constitution, a claim disputed by some modern historians. The orders were transcribed into the official colony records by the colony's secretary Thomas Welles. It was a Constitution the government that Massachusetts had set up. However, this Order gave men more voting rights and made more men eligible to run for elected positions. Originally, the first revision of the early laws and orders of Connecticut (the Code of

neg: Cognitive Madisonianism Cognitive Madisonianism Cognitive Madisonianism is the idea that divided government is better than one in which a single party controls both the executive and legislative branches. A relatively large percentage of the populace of the USA [over 20%] supposedly voted a split ticket because of this belief between 1992-1996, according to "Split-Ticket Voting: The Effects of Cognitive Madisonianism" by Lewis-Beck and Nadeau. In the USA, Cognitive Madisonianism is in keeping with Article One of the United States Constitution, and the principle of separation of powers under the United States Constitution. It comes about from a belief that James Madison, and

neg: Girl Scouts of the USA very strong statement that Girl Scouts continue to be on the cutting edge, and this is a continuing effort to show that we have strength in diversity and that we are an inclusive organization." Some groups consider that the Girl Scouts of the USA have not gone far enough in making Scouting open to non-theists; others that they have gone too far in removing God or that they are violating the constitution of the WAGGGS. The WAGGGS constitution requires member societies to maintain membership standards to include a promise similar to the one established by Baden-Powell, which includes the concept

neg: Spanish language in the Philippines movements in other countries. Spanish was used by the first Filipino patriots like José Rizal, Andrés Bonifacio and, to a lesser extent, Emilio Aguinaldo. The 1896 Biak-na-Bato Constitution and the 1898 Malolos Constitution were both written in Spanish. Neither specified a national language, but both recognised the continuing use of Spanish in Philippine life and legislation. Aguinaldo was more comfortable speaking Tagalog. Spanish was used to write the Constitution of Biak-na-Bato, Malolos Constitution, the original national anthem, "Himno Nacional Filipino", as well as nationalistic propaganda material and literature. The country's first two constitutions and historic novels were written in Spanish.

neg: Doctrine of Basic Structure 46A violated his fundamental rights under Part II of the Federal Constitution, thus the Act in question had violated the basic structure. The counsel for the appellant submitted that the former Federal Court in Loh Kooi Choon had overlooked the supremacy of the Constitution when the court based their judgment in "Vacher & Sons Ltd v London Society of Compositors" [1913] AC 107. It must be reminded that Britain applied the supremacy of the Parliament doctrine as they do not have written constitution. While delivering judgment of the Federal Court, Gopal Sri Ram FCJ approved this argument's merit, and said

neg: Constitution of Canada of Quebec". The Constitution is more than a written text. It embraces the entire global system of rules and principles which govern the exercise of constitutional authority. A superficial reading of selected provisions of the written constitutional enactment, without more, may be misleading. In practice, there have been three sources of unwritten constitutional law: Constitution of Canada The Constitution of Canada is the supreme law in Canada; the country's constitution is an amalgamation of codified acts and uncodified traditions and conventions. Canada is one of the oldest constitutional democracies in the world. The constitution outlines Canada's system of government, as

neg: USA Freedom Act overreach and rebuild trust with the American people". Representative Ted Poe was one member to vote against the bill. "Between the Committee vote and the House floor the bill was changed and it now confused what should have been clarified. The version of the USA Freedom Act that passed the House today leaves room for different interpretations, potentially giving NSA the ability to continue to act outside the intent of Congress and the Constitution. I could not support a bill that may allow abuses of the fourth amendment to continue," he said. The USA Freedom Act passed the U.S. House

neg: Turning Point USA government voted to deny recognition for Turning Point as a campus organization. As of March 2017, this decision was overturned by the Vice Provost for Student Life, and Turning Point has been recognized as a registered student organization. Wartburg College's student senate voted to deny Turning Point USA recognition in late November. The chapter was forced to make changes to its constitution after initially being denied approval. The Executive Board of the student union of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute also voted on January 18, 2018 to deny the Turning Point USA chapter status as an officially recognized student organization. Turning Point

neg: Robert Samut was buried in the Portelli Chapel at the Addolorata Cemetery. All the people of the Maltese Islands soon accepted the "Innu Malti" and it was customary that it be played on all occasions in conjunction with the "God Save the King". Later, when Malta obtained autonomy, the "Innu" was played for the Prime Minister. The 1964 Independence Constitution, Chapter One (The State), Section 4 states that the National Anthem of these islands is to be the "Innu Malti". This was also confirmed by the "Republic" constitution. Thus finally, the music, written with the passion of a patriot, a hymn made

neg: Originalism follows: Originalism, in all its various forms, is predicated on a specific view of what the Constitution "is", a view articulated by Chief Justice John Marshall in "Marbury v. Madison": Originalism assumes that "Marbury" is correct: the Constitution is the "operating charter" granted to government by the people, as per the preamble to the United States Constitution, and its written nature introduces a certain discipline into its interpretation. Originalism further assumes that the need for such a written charter was derived from the perception, on the part of the Framers, of the abuses of power under the (unwritten) British Constitution,

neg: Elizabeth Freeman Elizabeth Freeman Elizabeth Freeman (1744December 28, 1829), also known as Bet or MumBet, was the first enslaved African American to file and win a freedom suit in Massachusetts. The Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court ruling, in Freeman's favor, found slavery to be inconsistent with the 1780 Massachusetts State Constitution. Her suit, "Brom and Bett v. Ashley" (1781), was cited in the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court appellate review of Quock Walker's freedom suit. When the court upheld Walker's freedom under the state's constitution, the ruling was considered to have implicitly ended slavery in Massachusetts. Freeman was illiterate and left no written records

neg: National Palace (Mexico) floor is what once was the Theatre Room of the viceroys, which became the Chamber of Deputies from 1829 to August 22, 1872, when the room was accidentally destroyed by fire. In this parliamentary chamber the Reform Constitution of 1857 was written. This and the Constitution of 1917 are on display. The Palace has fourteen courtyards but only a few of these, such as the Grand Courtyard beyond the central portal, are open to the public. The National Palace also houses the main State Archives, with many historical documents, and the Biblioteca Miguel Lerdo de Tejada, one of the largest

neg: What to Expect When You're Expecting What to Expect When You're Expecting What to Expect When You're Expecting is a pregnancy guide, now in its fifth edition, written by Heidi Murkoff and Sharon Mazel and published by Workman Publishing. Originally published in 1984, the book consistently tops "The New York Times" Best Seller list in the paperback advice category, is one of "USA Today"s "25 Most Influential Books" of the past 25 years and has been described as "the bible of American pregnancy". , over 14.5 million copies were in print. According to "USA Today", 93 percent of all expectant mothers who read a pregnancy guide