query: the only one full-length folk epic which has survived in english literature

pos: Beowulf Beowulf Beowulf (; ) is an Old English epic story consisting of 3,182 alliterative lines. It may be the oldest surviving long story in Old English and is commonly cited as one of the most important works of Old English literature. The date of composition is a matter of contention among scholars; the only certain dating pertains to the manuscript, which was produced between 975 and 1025. The author was an anonymous Anglo-Saxon poet, referred to by scholars as the ""Beowulf" author". The story is set in Scandinavia. Beowulf, a hero of the Geats, comes to the aid of Hrothgar,

pos: British literature works were written to be performed. Epic poems were thus very popular, and some, including "Beowulf", have survived to the present day. "Beowulf", is the most famous work in Old English and has achieved national epic status in England, despite being set in Scandinavia. Nearly all Anglo-Saxon authors are anonymous: twelve are known by name from Medieval sources, but only four of those are known by their vernacular works with any certainty: Cædmon, Bede, Alfred the Great, and Cynewulf. Cædmon is the earliest English poet whose name is known. Cædmon's only known surviving work is "Cædmon's Hymn", which probably dates

pos: English literature The "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle" is a collection of annals in Old English, from the 9th century, that chronicle is the history of the Anglo-Saxons. The poem "Battle of Maldon" also deals with history. This is a work of uncertain date, celebrating the Battle of Maldon of 991, at which the Anglo-Saxons failed to prevent a Viking invasion. Oral tradition was very strong in early English culture and most literary works were written to be performed. Epic poems were very popular, and some, including "Beowulf", have survived to the present day. "Beowulf" is the most famous work in Old English, and has

pos: British people of a locality's culture and identity. An awareness and knowledge of accents in the United Kingdom can "place, within a few miles, the locality in which a man or woman has grown up". British literature is "one of the leading literatures in the world". The overwhelming part is written in the English language, but there are also pieces of literature written in Scots, Scottish Gaelic, Ulster Scots, Cornish and Welsh. Britain has a long history of famous and influential authors. It boasts some of the oldest pieces of literature in the Western world, such as the epic poem Beowulf, one

pos: English poetry (991), appear to have been composed shortly after the events in question, and can be dated reasonably precisely in consequence. By and large, however, Anglo-Saxon poetry is categorised by the manuscripts in which it survives, rather than its date of composition. The most important manuscripts are the four great poetical codices of the late 10th and early 11th centuries, known as the Cædmon manuscript, the Vercelli Book, the Exeter Book, and the Beowulf manuscript. While the poetry that has survived is limited in volume, it is wide in breadth. "Beowulf" is the only heroic epic to have survived in its

pos: Old English and saints' lives, biblical translations, and translated Latin works of the early Church Fathers, legal documents, such as laws and wills, and practical works on grammar, medicine, and geography. Still, poetry is considered the heart of Old English literature. Nearly all Anglo-Saxon authors are anonymous, with a few exceptions, such as Bede and Cædmon. Cædmon, the earliest English poet we know by name, served as a lay brother in the monastery at Whitby. The first example is taken from the opening lines of the folk-epic "Beowulf", a poem of some 3,000 lines and the single greatest work of Old English.

pos: Beowulf Beowulf Beowulf (; ) is an Old English epic story consisting of 3,182 alliterative lines. It may be the oldest surviving long story in Old English and is commonly cited as one of the most important works of Old English literature. The date of composition is a matter of contention among scholars; the only certain dating pertains to the manuscript, which was produced between 975 and 1025. The author was an anonymous Anglo-Saxon poet, referred to by scholars as the ""Beowulf" author". The story is set in Scandinavia. Beowulf, a hero of the Geats, comes to the aid of Hrothgar,

neg: Telugu folk literature different way. Most of the time they crate a mood of sorrow and valor. The Palnati epic is not only a pride symbol of Telugus it is one of the great folk heroic sagas of the nation. Different scholars like Akkairaju Umakantam from the region collected the narrative and published. Gene H. Roghair collected the epic from the Pichukunti performers and published it along with English translation and a scholarly editorial. The epic is very popular not only in Pichukunti katha but also other folk art forms like Burra katha, Sarada katha. It is a very long folk ballad. It

neg: Valayapathi "Kundalakesi" are not available in full. Only fragments quoted in other literary works and commentaries have survived. The loss of the epic happened as recent as late 19th century CE. Tamil scholar and publisher of classical literature, U. V. Swaminatha Iyer mentions in his autobiography that he once saw a palm leaf manuscript of "Valayapathi" in the Thiruvaiyaru library of his teacher, Meenakshi Sundaram Pillai. However, when he later searched for it for publication, it had disappeared. Another Tamil scholar V. Subramania Mudaliar has also written about seeing a palm leaf manuscript of "Valayapathi". The epic has been mentioned by

neg: Caught in the Act (Redgum album) Caught in the Act (Redgum album) Caught in the Act is the fourth album by Australian folk group Redgum, released in 1983 on Epic Records. It was the only full-length live album they released. The title is taken from the sixth track, which was also featured on "Brown Rice and Kerosine". It features "I Was Only Nineteen", which was a number one hit in Australia. As of 2015, "Caught in the Act" is the only Redgum album that is still in print on CD, aside from the greatest hits albums "Against the Grain" and "The Essential Redgum". On the original

neg: Biag ni Lam-ang Biag ni Lam-ang Biag ni Lam-ang () is an epic poem of the Ilocano people from the Ilocos region of the Philippines. It is notable for being the first Philippine folk epic to be recorded in written form, and was one of only two folk epics documented during the Philippines' Spanish Colonial period, along with the Bicolano epic of Handiong. It is also noted for being a folk epic from a "Christianized" lowland people group (the Ilocano people), with Jehovah witness elements incorporated into the storytelling. As oral literature, the poem is believed to have originated in pre-colonial times, evolving

neg: Gajendra Thakur dilapidated buildings throughout the length and breadth of "Mithila". He has also compiled an English-Maithili Computer dictionary. He has helped in preparing Unicode application for Mithilakshar (Tirhuta) script. His "English-Maithili" Dictionary is only such dictionary. He wrote "KuruKshetram Antarmanak", a work in Maithili Language -in seven volumes (Vol.I- Literary Criticism, Vol. II- a Novel- "Sahasrabadhani"- translated into English by the name "The Comet", Vol.III Poetry collection- "Sahasrabdik Chaupar Par", Vol.IV- Short Story Collection- "Galp Guchh", Vol.V- Play- "Sankarshan", Vol.VI- two long epic-verses "(geet prabandh)" "Tvanchahanch" and "Asanjati Man", Vol-VII- Children's literature- grown-ups literature- "Balmandali-Kishor Jagat"). Thereafter his transcribed "11000 palm-leaf

neg: Bangladeshi folk literature anchored in the harbors of Bengal. They left not only their merchandise but also their customs. Each race left its own mark and it was not only physical but also cultural, which collectively formed the basis of the culture. Because folk literature is oral, it tends to rely on some mnemonic devices and patterns of language and style. Bengali Folk Literature includes different types of epic, poetry and drama, folktales, ballads, proverbs etc. and till now existing in community, whether literate or not may be in different form. The folklore of Bangladesh is heavily influenced by different races which were

neg: Telugu folk literature not only rich for the description of culture of the land but also for the poetry and expressions of the singers. The epic singers Kommulas and Pumbalas perform it in such a way that the audience immerses in the themes and they identify themselves in all the rasas or the emotions of the narrative. The folk epic is a pride symbol of Telugus. This ballad cycle has been collected and published in two big volumes of around three thousand pages and enriched by scholarly editorial by Prof: Tangirala Venkata Subbarao. It is another heroic folk epic of Telugu it is

neg: Balwant Gargi vengeance in "Abhisarka" (English: "Lover") in 1990. Gargi's penchant for the unexpected grew all-powerful. For subject matter Gargi moved freely over social milieu, mythology, history, and folklore. For form and technique he relied as much upon Sanskrit classics as on Lorca's poetic drama, Brecht's epic theatre, or Artaud's theatre of cruelty. In the composition and performance of his dozen full-length plays and five collections of one-act drama, he traveled from the realistic to the mythopoeic mode. In addition to this dramatic corpus, Gargi's short stories began to be published in English. A book, "Folk Theatre of India", published in New

neg: Anthony Kellman Anthony Kellman Anthony Kellman (born 24 April 1955) is a Barbados-born poet, novelist, and musician. In 1990, the British publishing house Peepal Tree Press published his first full-length book of poetry, "Watercourse", which was endorsed by the late Martiniquan poet Edouard Glissant and which launched Kellman's international writing career. Since 1990, he has published three novels, four CD recordings of original songs, and four additional books of poetry, including "Limestone: An Epic Poem of Barbados", the island's first published epic poem which covers over four centuries of Barbadian life. In 1992, he edited the first full-length U.S. anthology of English-language

neg: Aelia Eudocia empress never returned to the imperial court in Constantinople, but "she maintained her imperial dignity and engaged in substantial euergetistic programs." While Eudocia could have written a lot of literature after leaving the court, only some of her work survived. Eudocia "wrote in hexameters, which is the verse of epic poetry, on Christian themes." She wrote a poem entitled The "Martyrdom of St. Cyprian" in three books, of which 900 lines survived, and an inscription of a poem on the baths at Hamat Gader. Her most studied piece of literature is her Homeric cento, which has been analyzed recently by

neg: Early Irish literature "Bellum Civile", Bede's "Historica Ecclesiastica", Mandeville's "Travels", Arthurian romances and the like. To this catalogue may perhaps be added the unwritten folk-lore of the island both in prose and verse which has only lately begun to be collected, but of which considerable collections have already been made. Such, then, is a brief and bald résumé of what the student will find before him in the Irish language. There may be observed in this list two remarkable omissions. There is no epic handed down entirely in verse, and there is no dramatic literature. The Irish epic is in prose, though it

neg: English longbow medieval armies and navies, supplied in sheaves normally of 24 arrows. For example, between 1341 and 1359 the English crown is known to have obtained 51,350 sheaves (1,232,400 arrows). Only one significant group of arrows, found at the wreck of the "Mary Rose", has survived. Over 3500 arrows were found, mainly made of poplar but also of ash, beech and hazel. Analysis of the intact specimens shows their length to vary from , with an average length of . Because of the preservation conditions of the "Mary Rose" no arrowheads survived. However, many heads have survived in other places, which

neg: Arabic epic literature Arabic epic literature Arabic epic literature encompasses epic poetry and epic fantasy in Arabic literature. Virtually all societies have developed folk tales encompassing tales of heroes. Although many of these are legends, many are based on real events and historical figures. Taghribat Bani Hilal is an Arabic epic recounting the Banu Hilal's journey from Egypt to Tunisia and conquest of the latter in the 11th century. It was declared one of mankind's Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity by the UNESCO in 2003. In the 13th century, an Arabic epic poem entitled "Antar" was created based on

neg: Arabic epic literature found in the Arabian nights stories. Tales of the Marvellous includes tales of the supernatural, romances, comedy, Bedouin derring-do and one story dealing in apocalyptic prophecy. The contents page indicates that the complete manuscript contained 42 chapters, of which only 18 chapters containing 26 tales have survived. Dante Alighieri's "Divine Comedy", considered the greatest epic of Italian literature, derived many features of and episodes about the hereafter directly or indirectly from Arabic works on Islamic eschatology: the "Hadith" and the "Kitab al-Miraj" (translated into Latin in 1264 or shortly before as "Liber Scale Machometi", "The Book of Muhammad's Ladder") concerning

neg: Baldur (album) had to supplement the completed story line. "Baldur"'s lyrics conform to the rules of dróttkvætt, the Old Norse alliterative verse, while music combines folk melodies, with the elements from melodic death, doom and thrash metal, creating an overall epic atmosphere. The album and protagonist were named after Baldur Ragnarsson, guitarist with the band and brother of main songwriter Snæbjörn. Snæbjörn likes to use names for the characters which are familiar to him and to which he has some connection. Baldur (album) Baldur is the début full-length album by the Icelandic Viking / folk metal band Skálmöld. It was first released

neg: Bangladeshi folk literature as in the charyapada, the oldest specimen of Bengali literature. The Folk Literature refers not to written, but to oral traditions. It may be in prose or verse, often mythological or historical, it can be narrative epic, occupational verse, ritual verse, praise poems to rulers and other prominent people. Whatever it may contain it highlights the exemplary wisdom of illiterate peoples. Bangladeshi folk literature Bangladeshi Folk Literature () constitutes a considerable portion of Bengali literature. Though it was created by illiterate communities and passed down orally from one generation to another it tends to flourish Bengali literature. Individual folk literature

neg: Thai literature based on folk stories or old plays that survived the destruction of the old Capital, including: The most important Thai poet in this period was Sunthorn Phu (สุนทรภู่) (1786-1855), widely known as "the Bard of Rattanakosin" (). Sunthorn Phu is best known for his epic poem "Phra Aphai Mani" (), which he started to compose in 1822 (while in jail) and finished in 1844. "Phra Aphai Mani" is a versified fantasy-adventure novel, a genre of Siamese literature known as "nithan kham klon" (). It relates the adventures of the eponymous protagonist, Prince Aphai Mani, who is trained in the art

neg: Kannada literature the epic he wrote merely narrated God Shiva's conversation with his consort Parvati. This writing has remained popular for centuries and inspired folk theatre such as the "Yakshagana", which has made use of its verses as a script for enacting episodes from the great epic. In Valmiki's version of the epic, King Ravana is depicted as one of the suitors at Sita's "Swayamvara" ("lit." a ceremony of "choice of a husband"). His failure to win the bride's hand results in jealousy towards Rama, the eventual bridegroom. As the story progresses, Hanuman, for all his services to Rama, is exalted to

neg: Turkish literature an Alevi, while the entire Turkish "aşık"/"ozan" tradition is permeated with the thought of the Bektashi Sufi order, which is itself a blending of Shi'a and Sufi concepts. The word "aşık" (literally, "lover") is in fact the term used for first-level members of the Bektashi order. Because the Turkish folk literature tradition extends in a more or less unbroken line from about the 10th or 11th century to today, it is perhaps best to consider the tradition from the perspective of genre. There are three basic genres in the tradition: epic; folk poetry; and folklore. The Turkish epic has its

neg: John Benbow one of the three arrangements on which English composer Ralph Vaughan Williams based his "Sea Songs", originally arranged for military band in 1923 as the second movement of his "English Folk Song Suite", and subsequently re-arranged for full orchestra in 1942 by the composer. Another song has survived from the period with different air and rhythm but also known as "Admiral Benbow", and it is often sung by folksingers. It begins "We sailed from Virginia and thence to Fayal". Online: Printed: John Benbow John Benbow (10 March 16534 November 1702) was an English officer in the Royal Navy. He joined

neg: Telugu folk literature is a very popular heroic song of the land. It is a big epic of a battle between the kings of Katamaraju, and Manumasiddhi of Nellore region. The battle occurred in the 13th century, it is the dispute of territory and the misunderstanding of two kings. The valor of Khadga Tikkana and the Telugu kings has been portrayed in this heroic song and the epic is being carried through folk literature and the art form Kommula Katha or Pumba Katha, performed by the caste Kommulas. Telugu culture and the pastoral life are widely described in the long epic. It is

neg: Matter of England They share only common themes and location of origin. The TEAMs edition of "Four Romances of England" gives the definition of the "Matter of England" as "late medieval romances based in part on the oral folk culture that survived the Norman Conquest. There is no one agreed upon list of romances that make up the "matter", but the following are usually included: Matter of England Matter of England, romances of English heroes and romances derived from English legend are terms that 20th century scholars have given to a loose corpus of Medieval literature that in general deals with the locations,

neg: Falkenbach Slaughter-Gods""), "Læknishendr" (Old Norse, ""Healing Hands""), and "Ásynja" (Old Norse, ""Goddess""). Of all of these except "Læknishendr", only nine copies were released. The "Hávamál" demo is allegedly clean folk music, but since then the sound has become more raw and influenced by black metal influence and matured into an epic metal sound. Most of "Falkenbach" lyrics are in English. They also write lyrics in Old Norse, Latin, and Old German. Most, if not all of the lyrics in Old Norse are actually taken from heathen literature: for example, the chorus lines in the song ""Donar's Oak"" are actually verses four

neg: Iliad (University of Michigan Press, 2007) not only renders the work in English verse like the dactylic hexameter of the original, but also conveys the oral-formulaic nature of the epic song, to which that musical meter gives full value. Barry B. Powell's translation (Oxford University Press, 2014) renders the Homeric Greek with a simplicity and dignity reminiscent of the original. Caroline Alexander published the first full-length English translation by a woman in 2016. There are more than 2000 manuscripts of Homer. Some of the most notable manuscripts include: Iliad The Iliad (; "", in Classical Attic; sometimes referred to as the

neg: Turkish folk literature Anatolian people that can be seen in the "Epic of Köroğlu". Also, many of the works of the 20th-century novelist Yaşar Kemal (1923–2015), such as his long 1955 novel "Memed, My Hawk" ("İnce Memed"), can be considered modern prose epics. The folk poetry tradition in Turkish literature, as indicated above, was strongly influenced by the Islamic Sufi and Shi'a traditions. Furthermore, as partly evidenced by the prevalence of the "aşık"/"ozan" tradition—which is still alive today—the dominant element in Turkish folk poetry has always been song. There are, broadly speaking, two traditions of Turkish folk poetry: Much of the poetry and

neg: Epic Laws of Folk Narrative an interdisciplinary congress in Berlin. Olrik's thought on 'epic laws' was part of a wider project, developed with Kristian Erslev, for understanding oral narrative (which Olrik called "sagn" in Danish), also including principles for the study of sources and a theory of transmission. Although Olrik drew on non-European material, his focus was explicitly on European folk narrative. This summary is based on the numbering of the 1908 Danish article, and the English terminology is as far as possible from the 1965 English translation of the 1909 German article. Epic Laws of Folk Narrative The epic laws of folk narrative were

neg: Arabic epic literature futuristic tale of "Awaj bin Anfaq" about a man who travelled to Earth from a distant planet, and elements such as the flying carpet. Here is a list of famous epic or romance literature in the Arabic language: Arabic epic literature Arabic epic literature encompasses epic poetry and epic fantasy in Arabic literature. Virtually all societies have developed folk tales encompassing tales of heroes. Although many of these are legends, many are based on real events and historical figures. Taghribat Bani Hilal is an Arabic epic recounting the Banu Hilal's journey from Egypt to Tunisia and conquest of the latter

neg: Kevin Brown (poet) where he taught for one year before serving as librarian for one year. In 2001, he was hired at Lee University as an Assistant Professor of English. He worked for Lee for two years, then moved to Tacoma, Washington to take a position as Upper School Librarian. He worked there one year before returning to Lee, where he has been since. He is currently a Professor of English there, teaching both literature and creative writing courses. He is the only professor to receive all three faculty awards (teaching, advising, and scholarship). Full-Length Poetry Collections "Exit Lines: Poems" (2009, Plain View

neg: Joseph Andrews Joseph Andrews Joseph Andrews, or The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews and of his Friend Mr. Abraham Adams, was the first published full-length novel of the English author Henry Fielding, and indeed among the first novels in the English language. Published in 1742 and defined by Fielding as a "comic epic poem in prose", it is the story of a good-natured footman's adventures on the road home from London with his friend and mentor, the absent-minded parson Abraham Adams. The novel represents the coming together of the two competing aesthetics of 18th-century literature: the mock-heroic and neoclassical (and,

neg: Philippine epic poetry Philippine epic poetry Philippine epic poetry is the body of epic poetry in Philippine literature. Filipino epic poetry is considered to be the highest point of development for Philippine folk literature, encompassing narratives that recount the adventures of tribal heroes. These epics are transmitted through oral tradition using a select group of singers and chanters. A study revealed that the Philippine folk epics, like those found elsewhere in Asia, are often about a quest for a wife as well as the various ordeals linked to the founding of a family, hamlet, tribe or a kingdom. The narratives would include voyages

neg: Literature of England narrative by Sir Francis Bacon, published in Latin (as "Nova Atlantis") in 1624 and in English in 1627. Sir Isaac Newton also produced the "Principia", among other works, in Latin. This consists of medieval literature in the Anglo-Norman tongue, and also in French. The French epic appeared in England at an early date. It is believed that the "Chanson de Roland" was sung at the Battle of Hastings, and some Anglo-Norman manuscripts of Chansons de geste have survived to this day. The "Pèlerinage de Charlemagne" (Eduard Koschwitz, "Altfranzösische Bibliothek", 1883) was preserved only in an Anglo-Norman manuscript of the British

neg: Turkish literature upon the same independent-minded traditions of the Anatolian people as depicted in the "Epic of Köroğlu". Many of the works of the 20th-century novelist Yaşar Kemal (1923– ), such as the 1955 novel "Memed, My Hawk" ("İnce Memed"), can be considered modern prose epics continuing this long tradition. The folk poetry tradition in Turkish literature, as indicated above, was strongly influenced by the Islamic Sufi and Shi'a traditions. Furthermore, as partly evidenced by the prevalence of the still existent "aşık"/"ozan" tradition, the dominant element in Turkish folk poetry has always been song. The development of folk poetry in Turkish—which began

neg: Art competitions at the Summer Olympics gold medal for architecture awarded to Jan Wils for his design of the Olympic Stadium used in the same Olympics. The literature competitions were divided into a varied number of categories. Until 1924 and again in 1932, there was only a single literature category. In 1928, separate categories were introduced for dramatic, epic, and lyric literature. Awards in these categories were also presented in 1948, while the drama category was dropped in 1936. Entered works were limited in length (20,000 words) and could be submitted in any language, provided they were accompanied by English and/or French translations or summaries (rules

neg: Clann Zú music with "a lush blend of dark and moving contemporary western sounds tinged with Middle Eastern and Irish melodies." The forming members drew inspiration from an eclectic mix of musical styles, such as punk, rock, folk, electronic, and classical. Their fusion of Celtic folk, electronic music, and rock has created a unique epic soundscape full of powerful atmospheric sounds and off-beat instrumentation. Their songs are bilingual, utilising both Irish and English lyrics. In February 2000 they recorded a six-track extended play, "Clann Zú", which was issued independently. Mediasearch's Carmine Pascuzzi felt that "Various styles epitomise their sound, from hip-hop to

neg: Ibalong Epic from other Philippine epics may suggest culture differences of the Ancient Bikols from other ancient groups. Ibalong Epic The Ibálong, also known as Handiong or Handyong, is a 60-stanza fragment of a Bikol full-length folk epic of Bikol region of Philippines, based on the Indian Hindu epics Ramayana and Mahabharta. The epic is said to have been narrated in verse form by a native poet called Kadunung. It was passed on orally until it was presumably jotted down in its complete Bikol narrative by . The Ibalong portrays deeds in heroic proportions, centering on white men or "tawong-lipod" who were

neg: Ibalong Epic Ibalong Epic The Ibálong, also known as Handiong or Handyong, is a 60-stanza fragment of a Bikol full-length folk epic of Bikol region of Philippines, based on the Indian Hindu epics Ramayana and Mahabharta. The epic is said to have been narrated in verse form by a native poet called Kadunung. It was passed on orally until it was presumably jotted down in its complete Bikol narrative by . The Ibalong portrays deeds in heroic proportions, centering on white men or "tawong-lipod" who were warrior-heroes named, among others, "Baltog", "Handyong", and "Bantong". They came from Boltavara, settling and ruling "Bikolandia"

neg: The Columbia Anthology of Chinese Folk and Popular Literature first half. Most of these are from ethnic minority groups. 11 minority groups contributed 25 folktales, and the section also houses epic literature from different ethnic groups, as well as ritual literature from the Han and other ethnic groups. Epic stories involving the Yao people Miluotuo creation myth and epic stories from the Geser and Jangar are included. The section also houses over 70 folk songs and Han Chinese dragon tales. The volume does not discuss classification or typology of the folklore. Bäcker stated that the large number of differing ethnic groups involved and the differences in the text may

neg: Arabic epic literature not the only Fantasy story that exist in Arabic epic literature. Arabic short stories scripts was discovered in 1933 when Hellmut Ritter, a German orientalist, stumbled across it in the mosque of Ayasofya and translated it into his mother tongue. An Arabic edition was belatedly printed in 1956. It contains stories from the Arab world the stories originating in the 10th century, the title page of this medieval Arab story collection has been lost, but the opening sentence of its introduction declares that these are "al-hikayat al-‘ajiba wa’l-akhbar al-ghariba", which translate in english to "Tales of the Marvellous and News

neg: Robin Hood and the Beggar and one in the Crawford collection at the National Library of Scotland. Robin Hood and the Beggar "Robin Hood and the Beggar" is a story in the Robin Hood canon which has survived as, among other forms, a late seventeenth-century English broadside ballad, and is a pair out of several ballads about the medieval folk hero that form part of the Child ballad collection, which is one of the most comprehensive collections of traditional English ballads. These two ballads share the same basic plot device in which the English folk hero Robin Hood meets a beggar. ""Robin Hood and the

neg: Robin Hood and the Beggar Robin Hood and the Beggar "Robin Hood and the Beggar" is a story in the Robin Hood canon which has survived as, among other forms, a late seventeenth-century English broadside ballad, and is a pair out of several ballads about the medieval folk hero that form part of the Child ballad collection, which is one of the most comprehensive collections of traditional English ballads. These two ballads share the same basic plot device in which the English folk hero Robin Hood meets a beggar. ""Robin Hood and the Beggar, I"" is Child Ballad 133. One day, Robin Hood sets off

neg: Ferdowsi Ferdowsi Abu ʾl-Qasim Firdowsi Tusi (c. 940–1020), or Ferdowsi (also transliterated as Firdawsi, Firdusi, Firdosi, Firdausi) was a Persian poet and the author of "Shahnameh" ("Book of Kings"), which is the world's longest epic poem created by a single poet, and the national epic of Greater Iran. Ferdowsi is celebrated as the most influential figure in Persian literature and one of the greatest in the history of literature. Except for his kunya ( – "Abu'l-Qāsim") and his laqab ( – "Ferdowsī", meaning 'paradisic'), nothing is known with any certainty about his full name. From an early period on, he has

neg: Tripmaster Monkey typical of postmodernism, especially a disjointed story line. The book is written entirely in stream of consciousness form and it is difficult to tell what is happening in reality versus only in Wittman's mind. There are constant references to the Chinese language, American literature, and English literature. Some of the stylistic elements are similar to those in "The Woman Warrior", another book written by Kingston. Although the novel is full of allusions to other works of literature, it is mainly based on "Ulysses" by James Joyce, "Song of Myself" by Walt Whitman, and the epic Chinese novel "Journey to the

neg: Furor Gallico Furor Gallico Furor Gallico is a Celtic metal and Folk metal band that had originated in Milan, Italy. The band was formed by a collaboration among Melissa (past member, bass), Stefano (guitar) and Becky (Celtic harp) in 2007. The band was formed upon the idea of playing new school Italian folk metal. They have released only one demo album and two full-length album so far. Pagan was later added for vocals and Marco played the drums. Furor Gallico have songs in both English and in Italian, the band members take alternating roles in who writes the lyrics and composes the

neg: Caught in the Act (Redgum album) vinyl release of the album, "I Was Only Nineteen" ended side A and "Fabulon" began side B. The three intervening tracks were included on a 7" EP included in the package, with the title track on the A-side and the other two tracks on the B-side. The original cassette release ended side A with the title track and began side B with "Stewie" and "Lear Jets". Caught in the Act (Redgum album) Caught in the Act is the fourth album by Australian folk group Redgum, released in 1983 on Epic Records. It was the only full-length live album they released.

neg: Azerbaijani literature some to have been an Alevi, while the entire Turkic "aşık"/"ozan" tradition is permeated with the thought of the Bektashi Sufi order, which is itself a blending of Shi'a and Sufi concepts. The word "aşıq" (literally, "lover") is in fact the term used for first-level members of the Bektashi order. Because the Azerbaijani folk literature tradition extends in a more or less unbroken line from about the 13-15th century to today, it is perhaps best to consider the tradition from the perspective of genre. There are three basic genres in the tradition: epic; folk poetry; and folklore. The Turkic epic

neg: Hoysala literature follow. These developments popularised folk metres which shifted the emphasis towards "desi" (native or folk) forms of literature. With the waning of Jain literary output, competition between the Veerashaiva and Vaishnava writers came to the fore. The Veerashaiva writer Chamarasa (author of "Prabhulingalile", 1425) and his Vaishnava competitor Kumaravyasa ("Karnata Bharata Kathamanjari", 1450) popularised the "shatpadi" metric tradition initiated by Hoysala poet Raghavanka, in the court of Vijayanagara King Deva Raya II. Lakshmisa, the 16th–17th century writer of epic poems, continued the tradition in the "Jaimini Bharata", a work that has remained popular even in the modern period. The "tripadi"

neg: Chunilal Madia only five survived till adulthood. After completing matriculation at Dhoraji, Madia at the age of 19 years shifted to Ahmedabad for higher studies in Commerce faculty. He enrolled as a student at the H. L. College of Commerce. While pursuing his college studies at Ahmedabad, Chunilal Madia joined a daily "Prabhat" as a journalist and sub-editor. Here his mentor was the veteran journalist Kakalbhai Kothari. He died on 29 December 1968 in Ahmedabad following heart attack. Madia is considered as one of the leading writer in Gujarati literature. Although he primarily contributed fiction, his plays both one-act and full-length are

neg: Valmiki Valmiki Valmiki (; Sanskrit: वाल्मीकि, "Vālmīki") is celebrated as the harbinger-poet in Sanskrit literature. The epic "Ramayana", dated variously from 5th century BCE to first century BCE, is attributed to him, based on the attribution in the text itself. He is revered as "Ādi Kavi", the first poet, author of "Ramayana", the first epic poem. "Ramayana", originally written by Valmiki, consists of 24,000 shlokas and 7 cantos (kaṇḍas) including Uttara Kanda. is composed of about 480,002 words, being a quarter of the length of the full text of the "Mahabharata" or about four times the length of the "Iliad". The

neg: Scotland in the High Middle Ages text survives only from manuscripts preserved in Ireland. Other literary work that has survived include that of the prolific poet Gille Brighde Albanach. About 1218, Gille Brighde wrote a poem — "Heading for Damietta" — on his experiences of the Fifth Crusade. In the thirteenth century, French flourished as a literary language, and produced the "Roman de Fergus", one of the earliest pieces of non-Celtic vernacular literature to survive from Scotland. There is no extant literature in the English language in this era. There is some Norse literature from Scandinavian parts such as "Darraðarljóð", which is located in Caithness, the

neg: Philippine epic poetry there are twenty-one epics that survived from Visayas and Mindanao. Some of the epics however, especially in Luzon, perceived to center on pagan beliefs and rituals, were burned and destroyed by Spanish friars during the Spanish colonization of the Philippines islands in the 16th century. There are only two folk epics that survived from Luzon. Truly, there were substantial writings by early natives that Jesuit historian Fr. Pedro Chirino noted: ""All of the islanders are much given to reading and writing. And there is hardly a man, much less a woman who did not read and write."" (Relacion de las

neg: Albanian folk poetry Albanian folk poetry The traditional Albanian poetry includes folk Albanian poetry and songs that are part of Albanian culture. In 1830 Vuk Karadžić recorded from Dovica Obadović from Đurakovac near Peć 12 Albanian songs and one riddle. During the Albanian Renaissance ("Rilindja") the oral literature, a rich cultural asset, was used in forming the country's identity. The first collection of Albanian oral literature was that of Austrian consul, and "father of Albanian studies" John Hahn's "Albanische Studien". One of the most notable Albanian epic poem is The Highland Lute written by Albanian Catholic friar Gjergj Fishta. In the 1905–08 period

neg: Cochin University of Science and Technology Theatre studies, Criticism, Grammar, Linguistics, Comparative Studies of Languages and Literature, Folk Literature, Translation, Computer Aided Language Teaching etc. The Department has completed four research projects including one on CALT - Computer Aided Language Teaching. The DRS Phase I, II & III have been completed by the Department and the UGC has sanctioned next stage of SAP programme i.e., DSA for a period of five years. The Department of Hindi is the only Department in South India which got DRS and DSA programmes in Hindi. Programmes of Study/Research in the Department The Department of English and Foreign Languages was initially

neg: Philippine epic poetry isles Filipinas-1604). Established epic poems of notable quality and length blossomed. And early historians like Padre Colin, Joaquín Martínez de Zúñiga and Antonio Pigafetta have all attested to the existence of these epics. There were even reports of a dramatic play given by natives at the arrival of Don Miguel López de Legazpi in 1565. Epic poems and songs about the exploits of enchanted folk heroes were performed during festivities and proper occasions. Most often, these epic poems (folk epics or ethno-epics) were titled after the names of the hero involved, except for some which carry traditional titles like the

neg: Jesse Patrick Ferguson instruments. In fall 2009, Freehand Books published his first full-length poetry collection, "Harmonics". His second full-length book, consisting entirely of visual (concrete) poetry is "Dirty Semiotics" (Broken Jaw Press, 2011). His most recent book is "Mr. Sapiens" (Wolsak and Wynn, 2014). Jesse Patrick Ferguson Jesse Patrick is a Canadian poet, reviewer and folk musician. He was born in Cornwall, Ontario and has lived in Ottawa, Ontario, Fredericton, New Brunswick, and Sydney, Nova Scotia. His poems and reviews have been published in twelve countries, in both print and online formats, such as in "Canadian Literature", "The New Quarterly", "Prairie Fire", "Grain",

neg: Restoration literature being developed. Even without the introduction of Neo-classical criticism, English poets were aware that they had no national epic. Edmund Spenser's "Faerie Queene" was well known, but England, unlike France with "The Song of Roland" or Spain with the "Cantar de Mio Cid" or, most of all, Italy with the "Aeneid", had no epic poem of national origins. Several poets attempted to supply this void. Sir William Davenant was the first Restoration poet to attempt an epic. His unfinished "Gondibert" was of epic length, and it was admired by Hobbes. However, it also used the ballad form, and other poets,

neg: Heldenbuch Heldenbuch Heldenbücher (singular "Heldenbuch" "book of heroes") is the conventional title under which a group of German manuscripts and prints of the 15th and 16th centuries has come down to us. Each "Heldenbuch" contains a collection of primarily epic poetry, typically including material from the Theodoric cycle, and the cycle of Hugdietrich, Wolfdietrich and Ortnit. The "Heldenbuch" texts are thus based on medieval German literature, but adapted to the tastes of the Renaissance. The earliest surviving Heldenbuch is a parchment manuscript dating from the first half of the 14th century, which survived only in five fragments (two are now missing).

neg: Suomen kansan vanhat runot of poems are presented in normalised Finnish and in English translation in "Finnish Folk Poetry: Epic. An Anthology in Finnish and English", ed. and trans. by Matti Kuusi, Keith Bosley and Michael Branch, Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seuran toimituksia, 329 (Helsinki: Finnish Literature Society, 1977). Suomen kansan vanhat runot Suomen kansan vanhat runot ('the ancient poems of the Finnish people'), or SKVR, is a 34-part work, wherein is published the majority of the original sources of "Kalevala"-type poetry: around 100,000 different poems. Now digitised, the collection is available online free-access. The original 33 volumes were published from 1908–1948 by the Finnish Literature

neg: The Columbiad 1917 the "Cambridge History of American Literature" conceded that "hidden away among these thousands of lines of laboured rhetoric, are passages really fine and free in both conception and execution"; the historian Vernon Louis Parrington wrote that while "it may not be good poetry…the sentiments are those of an enlightened and generous man"; and the academic Steven Blakemore, while acknowledging in a full-length study the many obstacles the poem presents to the modern reader, believes it to be "one of the most significant intertextual nineteenth-century poems in American literature". The Columbiad The Columbiad (1807) is a philosophical epic poem by

neg: Romantic literature in English Southey (1774–1843) and journalist Thomas de Quincey (1785–1859). However, at the time Walter Scott (1771–1832) was the most famous poet. Scott achieved immediate success with his long narrative poem "The Lay of the Last Minstrel" in 1805, followed by the full epic poem "Marmion" in 1808. Both were set in the distant Scottish past. The early Romantic poets brought a new emotionalism and introspection, and their emergence is marked by the first romantic manifesto in English literature, the "Preface" to "Lyrical Ballads" (1798). In it Wordsworth discusses what he sees as the elements of a new type of poetry, one

neg: Latter Day Saint poetry of LDS Literature (1830–1880). Notable poetry includes the works of Eliza R. Snow, Parley P. Pratt, and W. W. Phelps, along with the published volume of poetry by John Lyon, "The Harp of Zion: A Collection of Poems, Etc. (1853)". During the "home literature" period (1880–1930), a number of poets published or disseminated their works. Poets Josephine Spencer and Augusta Joyce Crocheron published didactic and narrative poems. Charles Walker's Southern Utah folk poetry became popular, and Orson F. Whitney published hymns, lyric poetry, and a book-length poem, "Elias, an Epic of the Ages" (1904). Another shift in LDS poetry occurred

neg: Literature of Laos folk culture which has been part of their cultural heritage for millennia. The Lao period of classical literature began during the Lan Xang era, and flourished during the early sixteenth century. The primary cultural influence on Lan Xang during this period was the closely related Tai Yuan Kingdom of Lanna. By the second resurgence of Lao classical literature in the seventeenth century, the Lao had developed a sophisticated tradition of art, literature and scholarship. Subjects were primarily religious or historical in nature, but also included epic poems, law, customs, astrology, numerology, as well as traditional medicine and healing. Many of

neg: Turkish folk literature the perspective of genre. There are three basic genres in the tradition: epic; folk poetry; and folklore. The Turkish epic tradition properly begins with the "Book of Dede Korkut", which is in a language recognizably similar to modern Turkish and which developed from the oral traditions of the Oghuz Turks, that branch of the Turkic peoples which migrated towards western Asia and eastern Europe through Transoxiana beginning in the 9th century CE. The "Book of Dede Korkut" continued to survive in the oral tradition after the Oghuz Turks had, by and large, settled in Anatolia. The "Book of Dede Korkut"

neg: Viking metal which trace back to the medieval era. Often, Nordic melodies will contain the phrase C-B-G. In Swedish folk music, songs are monophonic, unemotional, and solemn in character, though working and festive songs might be more lively and rhythmic. Danish songs melodies tend to lean toward the major. In Icelandic folk music, the "rímur", a form of epic poem dating back to the medieval era and Viking Age, is prominent. Faroese music contains dances directly descended from medieval ballad and epic poems, particularly from literature in the Icelandic tradition, and often follows unusual time signatures. Many Norwegian folk ballads follow a

neg: Like a Rolling Stone the folk-rock era—an era associated primarily with ideals of peace and harmony—is one of vengeance." Mike Marqusee has written at length on the conflicts in Dylan's life during this time, with its deepening alienation from his old folk-revival audience and clear-cut leftist causes. He suggests that the song is probably self-referential: "The song only attains full poignancy when one realises it is sung, at least in part, to the singer himself: he's the one 'with no direction home. Dylan himself has noted that, after his motorcycle accident in 1966, he realized that "when I used words like 'he' and 'it'

neg: Galaktion Tabidze Tabidze authored thousands of poems that established him as one of the greatest Georgian poets with an immense impact on modern Georgian literature. His archive of about 100,000 items in the Literary Museum in Tbilisi still awaits full investigation. He has been translated into Russian, French, English, and German. Galaktion Tabidze Galaktion Tabidze (), simply referred to as Galaktioni () (November 17, 1892 – March 17, 1959), was a leading Georgian poet of the twentieth century whose writings profoundly influenced all subsequent generations of Georgian poets. He survived Joseph Stalin's Great Purge of the 1930s, which claimed lives of many

neg: Turkish folk literature of the "Book of Dede Korkut", dating from around the dawn of the 11th century CE. Complicating matters somewhat is the fact that Köroğlu is also the name of a poet of the "aşık"/"ozan" tradition. That the epic tradition in Turkish literature may not have died out entirely can be seen from the "Epic of Shaykh Bedreddin" ("Şeyh Bedreddin Destanı"), published in 1936 by the poet Nâzım Hikmet Ran (1901–1963). This long poem—which concerns an Anatolian shaykh's rebellion against the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed I—is a sort of modern, written epic that nevertheless draws upon the same independent-minded traditions of the

neg: William Shield opera "Rosina" (1781). It was intended to be used as a light afterpiece to a more "serious" work sung in Italian. Such works were common at the time, although "Rosina" is the only one that has survived in the form of a complete score. "Rosina" has a number of features associated with later English comic opera, and even modern musical comedy – including the use of English, spoken dialogue, lightness of theme, and the use of folk and popular medodies. At least to that degree, it may be regarded as one of the ancestors of the musical, and Shield as

neg: Telugu folk literature folk literary forms which are in social function. The other folk literary forms or basically intended for entertainment their social function is secondary. The second kind of classification can be made on the basis of persons and patronage. The Telugu folk literature can be divided in two major classes they are folk literature created by professional singers and/or performers and the literature created by any body, men, women and children in their leisure time and while working. The folk literary genres created by the professional performers are different from the other genres in terms of length, prose and poetry combination,

neg: Spanish literature about 1140 and Cid supposedly died forty years before in 1099. This epic represents realism, because nothing was exaggerated and the details are very real, even the geography correctly portrays the areas in which Cid traveled and lived. Unlike other European epics, the poem is not idealized and there is no presence of supernatural beings. It has assonance instead of rhyme and its lines vary in length, the most common length being fourteen syllables. This type of verse is known as "mester de juglaria" (verse form of the minstrels). The epic is divided into three parts, also known as cantos.

neg: Azerbaijan Vagif, Amani, Zafar and others. Along with Turks, Turkmens and Uzbeks, Azerbaijanis also celebrate the Epic of Koroglu (from for "blind man's son"), a legendary folk hero. Several documented versions of Koroglu epic remain at the Institute for Manuscripts of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan. Modern literature in Azerbaijan is based on the Shirvani dialect mainly, while in Iran it is based on the Tabrizi one. The first newspaper in Azerbaijani, "Akinchi" was published in 1875. In the mid-19th century, it was taught in the schools of Baku, Ganja, Shaki, Tbilisi, and Yerevan. Since 1845, it has also

neg: Aruna Ramchandra Dhere has been a multi-disciplinary freelance writer and researcher in the field of Marathi literature, credited with : About 40 books covering a wide spectrum of Starting around 1990, Dhere took up a full-time career as a writer. Her literary works include personal essays, short stories, novels, poems, travelogues, children’s stories, and books on sant literature, folk literature, and social history. She has written on the lives especially of women from earlier times who rebelled against old traditions. Some of her poems have been translated into other languages, including English. She has written a few television screenplays and dialogues. Dhere has

neg: Utenzi wa Shufaka Swahili literature, though he did not elaborate on why he thought it was remarkable. In 1920, Alice Werner wrote: It is difficult to relate this "[epic]" seriously in English but, strange as it may seem, it has certain pathos in the original. The emotions of the parents are dwelt on at great length, and the poem is enormously popular especially among Swahili women. Utenzi wa Shufaka Utenzi wa Shufaka (Swahili: "Poem of Mercifulness") is an utenzi (classical narrative poem) in Swahili literature. It is composed of 285 stanzas of four lines of eight-syllables each. The poet-narrator of utenzi offers details

neg: Graham Holderness 19th Century Literature and Society. He obtained an MPhil degree in Literature from the Open University, and a PhD in Drama from the University of Surrey. He also has a higher doctorate (D.Litt) in English, and a doctorate in Literature and Theology. During his academic career he has taught at the Open University, Oxford, Roehampton and Hertfordshire, becoming its professor of English. He is acknowledged as a formative contributor to a number of branches of Shakespeare criticism and theory: Holderness published the first full-length Marxist study of D. H. Lawrence, D.H. Lawrence: History, Ideology and Fiction (Macmillan, 1982). A pioneer

neg: Luke Black only artist from this part of Europe who was featured on a global Instagram platform "@music", alongside international mainstream stars like Miley Cyrus, Drake, Foo Fighters, 50 Cent, and many others. Luke Black was born in Čačak, Serbia, and he has been making original music for over 12 years. During this time he recorded 7 full-length DIY albums – which were never heard by anyone except for his closest friends. Craving a more turbulent life he moved to Belgrade, where he started studying English language and literature. His first public live performance was in May 2014 at the "Gruvlend Festival"

neg: Bangladeshi folk literature Bangladeshi folk literature Bangladeshi Folk Literature () constitutes a considerable portion of Bengali literature. Though it was created by illiterate communities and passed down orally from one generation to another it tends to flourish Bengali literature. Individual folk literature became a collective product and assumes the traditions, emotions, thoughts and values of the community. From the third century onwards, the Mouryas, the Guptas, the Palas, the Senas and the Muslims came one after another to rule the land. As a result, they grafted their ways of life and cultural traits on the indigenous population. Subsequently, Portuguese, French and English ships

neg: Greek tragedy been written, full-length texts by only three authors, Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides, survive. Seventy-nine titles of Aeschylus' works are known (out of about ninety works), both tragedies and satyr plays. Seven of these have survived, including the only complete trilogy which has come down from antiquity, the "Oresteia", and some papyrus fragments: According to Aristophanes of Byzantium, Sophocles wrote 130 plays, 17 of which are spurious; the Suda lexicon counted 123. Of all Sophocles's tragedies, only seven remain intact: Apart from the plays that have survived in their entirety, we also possess a large part of the satyr play or

neg: Social Distortion Ness has been the only constant member. After years of performing, Social Distortion continues to tour and record music. To date, Social Distortion has released seven full-length studio albums, two compilations, one live album, and two DVDs. They released two albums — "Mommy's Little Monster" (1983) and "Prison Bound" (1988) — before signing a three-album contract with Epic Records in 1989. Social Distortion rose to fame with their 1990 self-titled third album, which produced their well-known hit singles "Ball and Chain", "Story of My Life", and the cover of Johnny Cash's "Ring of Fire", and was certified gold by RIAA.

neg: Indian English literature Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay (1838–1894) wrote "Rajmohan's Wife" and published it in 1864; it is the first Indian novel written in English. Raja Rao (1908–2006), Indian philosopher and writer, authored "Kanthapura" and "The Serpent and the Rope", which are Indian in terms of their storytelling qualities. Kisari Mohan Ganguli translated the Mahabharata into English, the only time the epic has ever been translated in its entirety into a European language. Rabindranath Tagore (1861–1941) wrote in Bengali and English and was responsible for the translations of his own work into English. Dhan Gopal Mukerji (1890–1936) was the first Indian author to win

neg: Prince Valiant Prince Valiant Prince Valiant in the Days of King Arthur, or simply Prince Valiant, is an American comic strip created by Hal Foster in 1937. It is an epic adventure that has told a continuous story during its entire history, and the full stretch of that story now totals more than 4000 Sunday strips. Currently, the strip appears weekly in more than 300 American newspapers, according to its distributor, King Features Syndicate. Edward, the Duke of Windsor, called "Prince Valiant" the "greatest contribution to English literature in the past hundred years". Generally regarded by comics historians as one of the

neg: Culture of Turkey for Turkish folk literature include stories of Karagöz and Hacivat, Keloğlan, İncili Çavuş and Nasreddin Hoca, as well as the works of folk poets such as Yunus Emre and Aşık Veysel. The "Book of Dede Korkut" and the Epic of Köroğlu have been the main elements of the Turkish epic tradition in Anatolia for several centuries. The two primary streams of Ottoman literature were poetry and prose. Of the two, the Ottoman Divan poetry, a highly ritualized and symbolic art form, was the dominant stream. The vast majority of Divan poetry was lyric in nature: either ghazals or qasidas. There

neg: Logan English He also wrote two full-length plays, and was commissioned by the Actors Theatre of Louisville to write a play based on the life of Kentucky politician Cassius Marcellus Clay, which was unfinished at the time of his death. He died in Saratoga Springs in 1983, at the age of 54, when he was hit by an automobile while walking. Logan English Logan Eberhardt English (November 29, 1928 – March 9, 1983) was an American folk singer, poet, actor, and playwright. As MC at Gerde's Folk City in Greenwich Village, he was influential in Bob Dylan's early career, and also recorded

neg: Po-on soldiers, on his way to delivering the message. "Po-on" the novel is only one part of F. Sionil José's "Rosales Saga", the historical epic narrative composed of four other novels considered by the Filipino poet and literary critic Ricaredo Demetillo as "the first great Filipino novels written in English." Specifically, "Po-on" had been described by Random House as a work of fiction which is "more than" the character of a "historical novel", a book with "extraordinary scope and passion" that is "meaningful to Philippine literature." a book as meaningful to Philippine literature as "One Hundred Years of Solitude" is to

neg: Ghosts in Bengali culture number compared to the western world. Some radio and TV programs also feature stories of people's paranormal experiences. Common people of both Bangladesh and West Bengal love the supernatural thrills, and the personal stories of people's paranormal experiences are hot topics for gossip, rumours and hangout discussions among friends and family. Literary works involving ghostly/demonic beings is one of the most popular genres in Bengali literature. In the early days, ghosts were the only ingredients of Bengali folk-tales and fairy-tales. Lal Behari Dey has collected many folk-tales of Bengal, and translated them in English. His book called "Folk-Tales of Bengal",

neg: Rashmirathi Rashmirathi Rashmirathi (English: Sun's Charioteer) ("Rashmi: Light (rays) Rathi: One who is riding a chariot (not the charioteer)") is a Hindi epic written in 1952, by the Hindi poet Ramdhari Singh 'Dinkar'. The work is centered around the life of Karna, who was son of unmarried queen Kunti (Pandu's wife) in the epic- "Mahabharata". It is one of the most appreciated works of Dinkar apart from "Kurukshetra" and one of the classics of modern Hindi literature. Mauritian cultural activist Leela Gujadhur Sarup has translated Rashmirathi into English. Karna was the first-born son of Kunti, whom she had abandoned at birth

neg: Banipal Prize for Arabic Literary Translation Banipal Prize for Arabic Literary Translation The Banipal Prize, whose full name is the Saif Ghobash–Banipal Prize for Arabic Literary Translation, is an annual prize awarded to a translator (or translators) for the published English translation of a full-length literary work in the Arabic language. The prize was inaugurated in 2006 by the literary magazine "Banipal" which promotes the diffusion of contemporary Arabic literature through English translations and the Banipal Trust for Arab Literature. It is administered by the Society of Authors in the UK (which runs a number of similar literary translation prizes), and the prize money is sponsored

neg: Swallow song of Rhodes month seems to have taken place in early spring. The tradition was claimed to have been started by the Rhodian lawgiver Cleobulus. The melody to the song has not survived. All that has survived of the song are the lyrics themselves. The full text of the song in Ancient Greek and in English translation is as follows: Swallow song of Rhodes The "Swallow Song of Rhodes" is a famous ancient Greek folk song. In a tradition closely resembling the modern custom of trick-or-treating, during the month of Boedromion, the children on the Greek island of Rhodes would go out dressed

neg: Icelandic folk music a type of epic vocal poem, with fixed diatonic melodies (except in Breiðafjörður, the district where the traditional music is oldest in style, and folk melodies are variable, not based on fixed scales). Rímur melodies ("rímnalög", "kvæðalög", "stemmur") are often standard, and found throughout the country. These epic poems are written in a narrative style, using elements of Icelandic literature and folklore. The performers were lauded for their ability to tell a story in verses. A rímur verse is made up of trochaic lines which use literary techniques such as rhyme and alliteration. There are between two and four lines

neg: Estophilia newspapers and literary works of considerable merit, such as the construction of the epic "Kalevipoeg" from folk sources. Otto Wilhelm Masing and Garlieb Merkel were prominent Estophiles. Masing was one of the main advocates of peasant education and published a weekly newspaper in the Estonian language called "Maa rahva Näddali Leht" (Peasants’ Weekly) from 1821. The Litterarum Societatis Esthonicae (Estonian: Õpetatud Eesti Selts) (English: Learned Estonian Society) was established in Tartu in 1838, which counted as its members Friedrich Robert Faehlmann and Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald, author of the Estonian national epic Kalevipoeg which was inspired by the Finnish epic Kalevala.

neg: Emma Stevens Emma Stevens Emma Nadine Stevens (born 4 May 1986) is an English singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist, based in Guildford, United Kingdom. She achieved mainstream success with her single "Riptide" from her first full-length album "Enchanted", which was featured as iTunes Single of the Week in October 2013 and had over 150,000 downloads. She describes her music as "sparkly folk pop". Stevens is currently promoting her third studio album, "To My Roots", released in July 2017. Born in Guildford in England to parents Toby and Tina Stevens, she has one younger sister, Ellen. Emma grew up in Shalford just outside Guildford, where

neg: Everything Remains (As It Never Was) Everything Remains (As It Never Was) Everything Remains (As It Never Was) is the fourth full-length album by the Swiss folk metal band Eluveitie. The album was produced by Colin Richardson, and released on February 19, 2010 through Nuclear Blast. The album spawned one single, Thousandfold, which has gained over 10,200,000 views on YouTube. Unlike Eluveitie's previous release which was primarily a folk rock/acoustic folk album, Everything Remains returns to the bands roots and is a straight folk metal album. Everything Remains generally received highly positive reviews. Pascal Stieler, writing for Metal1.info wrote that Everything Remains was "in all matters

neg: Abu-Mansuri Shahnameh Abu-Mansuri Shahnameh Abu-Mansuri Shahnameh or The Shahnameh of Abu-Mansur () was a prose epic and history of Persian Empire before Muslim conquests. It was the main source of Shahnameh of Ferdowsi. The Shahnameh of Abu-Mansur is now lost, but its preface which consists of 15 pages, has survived and is one of the oldest examples of Persian prose and is considered one of the most valuable heritages of Persian literature. The Shahnameh of Abu-Mansur was composed at the order of Abu Mansur Muhammad in 346 AH (April 957 AD). It was composed by four mowbeds: "Old Mākh" from Khorasan, Yazdāndād

neg: Everything Remains (As It Never Was) outstanding, varied album that simply has no weaknesses" and gave the album 9/10. Metal.de also gave the album 9/10. The fanbase's reaction was generally positive, with songs like Thousandfold being played frequently on tour. Everything Remains (As It Never Was) Everything Remains (As It Never Was) is the fourth full-length album by the Swiss folk metal band Eluveitie. The album was produced by Colin Richardson, and released on February 19, 2010 through Nuclear Blast. The album spawned one single, Thousandfold, which has gained over 10,200,000 views on YouTube. Unlike Eluveitie's previous release which was primarily a folk rock/acoustic folk album,

neg: Anglo-Norman literature and Thomas of Britain respectively, as well as some of the most celebrated of the Anglo-Norman "romans d'aventure". It is important to keep this fact in mind when studying the different works which Anglo-Norman literature has left us. We will examine these works briefly, grouping them into narrative, didactic, hagiographic, lyric, satiric and dramatic literature. The French epic came over to England at an early date. It is believed that the "Chanson - Roland" was sung at the battle of Hastings, and some Anglo-Norman manuscripts of chansons de geste have survived to this day. The "Pélérinage de Charlemagne" (Eduard Koschwitz,

neg: Robin Hood and the Shepherd Robin Hood and the Shepherd Robin Hood and the Shepherd is a story in the Robin Hood canon which has survived as, among other forms, a late seventeenth-century English broadside ballad, and is one (#135) out of several ballads about the medieval folk hero that form part of the Child ballad collection, which is one of the most comprehensive collections of traditional English ballads. While strolling through the forest one day, Robin Hood encounters a shepherd lying on the ground and demands to know what he has in his bottle and bag; when the shepherd refuses, Robin says he will