query: who is known as the father of criminology

pos: Criminology designing prisons for the sake of extreme punishment. This period also saw many legal reforms, the French Revolution, and the development of the legal system in the United States. The Positivist school argues criminal behavior comes from internal and external factors out of the individual's control. Philosophers within this school applied the scientific method to study human behavior. Positivism comprises three segments: biological, psychological and social positivism. Cesare Lombroso (1835–1909), an Italian sociologist working in the late 19th century, is often called "the father of criminology." He was one of the key contributors to biological positivism and founded the Italian

pos: Quantitative methods in criminology developed criminology theories. Some of these early criminologist theorists were Karl Marx, Cesare Lombroso, Jeremy Bentham, and Émile Durkheim. Criminology back in the late 19th century was a broader scope which included similar theories as sociology. A more current and encompassing definition of criminology is: The scientific study of crime, criminals, criminal behavior, and corrections. This is the definition that is more widely used than the one from the late 19th century. In general criminology has remained constant in terms of its science and how it is conducted. Research methods for criminology and well as early theories have had little

neg: David Weisburd for Outstanding Contributions to Experimental Criminology by the Academy of Experimental Criminology, where he was also elected as a fellow in 2001. In 2005, Weisburd was elected as an honorary fellow of the American Society of Criminology. David Weisburd David L. Weisburd (born 1954), is an Israeli/American criminologist who is well known for his research on crime and place, policing and white collar crime. Weisburd was the 2010 recipient of the prestigious Stockholm Prize in Criminology, and was recently awarded the Israel Prize in Social Work and Criminological Research, considered the state's highest honor. Weisburd holds joint tenured appointments as

neg: Eugène François Vidocq he had lived at the end of his life. Although Vidocq had no known children, Emile-Adolphe Vidocq, the son of his first wife, tried to get recognized as his son (even changing his last name for this purpose), but failed. Vidocq had left evidence which ruled out his paternity. At the time of Emile-Adolphe Vidocq's conception, Vidocq had been in prison. Vidocq is considered by historians as the "father" of modern criminology. His approaches were new and unique for that time. He is credited with the introduction of undercover work, ballistics, criminology and a record keeping system to criminal investigation.

neg: National Institute of Criminology and Forensic Science National Institute of Criminology and Forensic Science Lok Nayak Jayaprakash Narayan National Institute of Criminology & Forensic Science or commonly known as National Institute of Criminology & Forensic Science (NICFS) is a central institute for teaching Criminology and Forensic Science in New Delhi, India. The institute was established by Government of India in 1972 within the Bureau of Police Research and Development following recommendations of the University Grants Commission (UGC). The institute was formerly known as "Institute of Criminology and Forensic Science" and came into existence on 4 January 1972. The institute has trained around 41,000 officers from Police, Judiciary,

neg: David Weisburd David Weisburd David L. Weisburd (born 1954), is an Israeli/American criminologist who is well known for his research on crime and place, policing and white collar crime. Weisburd was the 2010 recipient of the prestigious Stockholm Prize in Criminology, and was recently awarded the Israel Prize in Social Work and Criminological Research, considered the state's highest honor. Weisburd holds joint tenured appointments as Distinguished Professor of Criminology, Law and Society at George Mason University. and Walter E. Meyer Professor of Law and Criminal Justice in the Institute of Criminology of the Hebrew University Faculty of Law, At George Mason University

neg: Environmental Criminology Research Maryland, and Virginia. Rigel was also directly involved in helping the Irvine Police Department apprehend Raymond Lopez, who is known as the "Chair Burglar". In hundreds of burglaries, Lopez had the same routine of placing a chair or potted plant next to a home's fence for a quick, easy escape. Rigel identified Lopez as a suspect of interest and he was put on surveillance eventually leading to his arrest. For their work on this case the Irvine Police Department won The International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) Choicepoint Award for Excellence in Criminal Investigation. Environmental Criminology Research Environmental Criminology

neg: Quantitative methods in criminology of criminal behavior. By this definition, one of the first appearances of criminology was the work of Cesare Beccaria in 1764 related to torture and the death penalty. Beccaria's contribution to criminology was foundational, but purely philosophical. Quantitative methods in Criminology were developed later during the 19th century resurgence of positivism spearheaded by well-known sociologist Émile Durkheim, who is responsible for one of the first modern research projects titled "Suicide". It was published in 1897 and was the first work of its kind to include quantitative data, mainly suicide rates across different populations. This study marks the first documented use

neg: Physiognomy the mattoid, and the hysterical criminal". When it comes to modern applications of Lombroso's findings and ideas, there is little to see. Lombroso's ideologies are now recognized as flawed, and regarded as pseudo-science. Many have remarked on the overt sexist and racist overtones of his research, and denounce it for those reasons alone. In spite of many of his theories being discredited, he is still hailed as the father of "scientific criminology". Modern criminology finds many of his teaching incorrect, but he had a great influence over criminology and physiognomy at the time. In France, the concept developed in the

neg: Academy of Experimental Criminology "Journal of Experimental Criminology", which was established in 2005. Academy of Experimental Criminology The Academy of Experimental Criminology (abbreviated AEC) is a learned society founded in 1998 in order to recognize scholars who have made influential researchers in the field of experimental criminology. It does so by electing fellows annually, and by honoring criminologists with its Joan McCord and Young Experimental Scholar Awards. Since 2017, its president has been Friedrich Losel. The Academy was co-founded by David P. Farrington, who served as its second president from 2001 to 2003. The other founder was Lawrence W. Sherman, who served as its

neg: National Institute of Criminology and Forensic Science institute also has an instrumentation wing and several laboratories with state of the art equipment. An Indian Police Service Officer of the rank of Director General of Police is the Director of the Institute. National Institute of Criminology and Forensic Science Lok Nayak Jayaprakash Narayan National Institute of Criminology & Forensic Science or commonly known as National Institute of Criminology & Forensic Science (NICFS) is a central institute for teaching Criminology and Forensic Science in New Delhi, India. The institute was established by Government of India in 1972 within the Bureau of Police Research and Development following recommendations of the

neg: Natti Ronel Natti Ronel Professor Natti Ronel (born 1958) is an Israeli clinical criminologist, specializing in the treatment of addictions, violence and victimization, served as Head of the Criminology Department at Bar-Ilan University (2013–2016). Ronel is the theorist and founder of Positive Criminology, Positive Victimology and of the "Graceway" for self-change and formal therapy (also known as Grace Therapy). He is currently working on the development of Spiritual Criminology, which is an innovative approach to criminology based on a vast field of knowledge derived from different spiritual traditions. Referring to a spiritual perspective, this novel approach generates a synthesis of contemporary criminological

neg: Criminology of crime creation not to genetic or psychological facts, but rather to the material basis of a given society. Convict criminology is a school of thought in the realm of criminology. Convict criminologists have been directly affected by the criminal justice system, oftentimes having spent years inside the prison system. Researchers in the field of convict criminology such as John Irwin and Stephan Richards argue that traditional criminology can better be understood by those who lived in the walls of a prison. Martin Leyva argues that "prisonization" oftentimes begins before prison, in the home, community, and schools. Queer criminology is

neg: Robert Agnew (criminologist) He is well known for his development of general strain theory and was elected a Fellow of the American Society of Criminology. He has served on the editorial boards of "Criminology", "Journal of Crime and Justice", "Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency", "Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Criminology", "Justice Quarterly", "Social Forces", "Theoretical Criminology", "Turkish Journal of Criminology", and "Youth & Society". Robert Agnew (criminologist) Robert Agnew (born December 1, 1953 in Atlantic City, New Jersey) is the Samuel Candler Dobbs Professor of Sociology at Emory University and past-president of the American Society of Criminology. He received his B.A.

neg: Academy of Experimental Criminology Academy of Experimental Criminology The Academy of Experimental Criminology (abbreviated AEC) is a learned society founded in 1998 in order to recognize scholars who have made influential researchers in the field of experimental criminology. It does so by electing fellows annually, and by honoring criminologists with its Joan McCord and Young Experimental Scholar Awards. Since 2017, its president has been Friedrich Losel. The Academy was co-founded by David P. Farrington, who served as its second president from 2001 to 2003. The other founder was Lawrence W. Sherman, who served as its founding president from 1999 to 2001. It sponsors the

neg: Positive criminology such as domestic violence or victims' assistance, as well. It could, therefore, be perceived as being a general, professional treatment method and program for recovery, also known as Grace Therapy. In a professional setting, the 12 steps may be adapted to the changing needs of the participants. The concept of Positive Victimology evolved from positive criminology and it was first proposed by Natti Ronel and his research team. Positive victimology's focus is on those who were hurt by crime and/or abuse of power. Social acceptance and life transformation in the rehabilitation of imprisoned sex offenders was the first that was

neg: Feminist school of criminology based on three areas in criminology where scholarship about women (in comparison to men) was sparse. These areas include women as criminal offenders, women as victims of crime, and women working in the field of criminal justice. Criminology is the study of crime and criminal justice, and it covers a multitude of topics, but according to those of the feminist school of criminology the principal theories of criminality have been developed from male subjects, have been validated on male subjects, and focus on male victimization. This 'sexism' in criminology also influences the sentencing, punishment, and imprisonment of women who are

neg: David Weisburd Weisburd was founder of the Center for Evidence-Based Crime Policy and is now its executive director. Weisburd also serves as Chief Science Advisor at the National Police Foundation in Washington, D.C., and chair of its Research Advisory Committee. Weisburd was the founding editor of the Journal of Experimental Criminology, and is now the general editor of the Journal of Quantitative Criminology. Weisburd is a prolific researcher, who by 2018 had received more than $15 million in competitive grant funding and published over 25 books, 125 journal articles and 75 book chapters. Weisburd is best known for his work in place-based

neg: Marxist criminology to react protectively. If the balance of power is relatively equal, an accommodation will usually be reached. But if the distribution of power is unequal, the everyday behaviour of the minority group may be defined as deviant. The more diversified and heterogeneous a society becomes, the greater the probability of more frequent conflict as subgroups who live by their own rules break the rules of other groups. Marxist criminology Marxist criminology is one of the schools of criminology. It parallels the work of the structural functionalism school which focuses on what produces stability and continuity in society but, unlike the

neg: Feminist school of criminology are separated from their families but we hear nothing of the suffering of the women and their families who are the other side of that relationship". Carlen believes there are shortcomings in feminist theories of criminality. Carlen points to three key areas of female offending that feminist theory cannot explain; Feminist school of criminology The feminist school of criminology is a school of criminology developed in the late 1960s and into the 1970s as a reaction to the general disregard and discrimination of women in the traditional study of crime. Feminist criminologists note that the field of criminology has historically

neg: Murder 101 (film series) criminology professor who helps solve crimes, usually because they happen directly in front of him. He takes care of the more analytical part of the crime-solving. He has a Persian Cat named Samantha. Mike Bryant (Barry Van Dyke) - A former cop who has become a Private Detective after being blackballed from the precinct. His father was close friends with Maxwell, and Bryant sees him as a father-figure. He participates in more of the action and chase scenes of the mystery solving. (Barry is the real-life son of Dick Van Dyke.) Ben Manners (Shane Van Dyke) - First appearing in

neg: American Society of Criminology the membership, and employees of public and private entities another ten percent. Membership in the American Society of Criminology is open to any who wish to advance the interests of the field. The Society publishes a newsletter, "The Criminologist," and two journals. The journal "Criminology" has been published since 1963. It is generally regarded as the leading journal in the field, and is distributed worldwide. The journal "Criminology & Public Policy" has been published since 2001. It is devoted to the study of crime and justice policy, with the objective of strengthening the role of research in the formulation of

neg: Cesare Beccaria Cesare Beccaria Cesare Bonesana di Beccaria, Marquis of Gualdrasco and Villareggio (; 15 March 173828 November 1794) was an Italian criminologist, jurist, philosopher, and politician, who is widely considered as the most talented jurist and one of the greatest thinkers of the Age of Enlightenment. He is well remembered for his treatise "On Crimes and Punishments" (1764), which condemned torture and the death penalty, and was a founding work in the field of penology and the Classical School of criminology. Beccaria is considered the father of modern criminal law and the father of criminal justice. According to John Bessler, Beccaria's

neg: Karuppannan Jaishankar Sciences, India (NASI) - SCOPUS Young Scientist Award in the category "Social sciences". He is appointed by the British Society of Criminology (BSC) as an International Ambassador. Karuppannan Jaishankar Karuppannan Jaishankar (born 15 June 1973) is an Indian criminologist who teaches at Raksha Shakti University. He is the editor in chief of "International Journal of Cyber Criminology". Jaishankar is the Professor and Head of the Department of Criminology at the Raksha Shakti University (First Internal Security and Police University of India) Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. Earlier, he was a faculty member at the Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Manonmaniam Sundaranar

neg: Constitutive criminology their own humanity". From the perspective of constitutive theory, a criminal is viewed as an "excessive investor" while the victim is known as a "recovering subject". Founded by Dragon Milovanovic and Stuart Henry, with contributions from Gregg Barak and Bruce Arrigo, this constitutive theory was based on postmodernist concepts of social theory applied to crime and criminal justice, and formed a new sub-field of critical criminology. Constitutive criminology was introduced via Stuart Henry's studies on control in the workplace and crime in the late 1980s. The central tenet of constitutive theory is that crime and its control cannot be removed

neg: John Keith Irwin 1997, Irwin helped officially establish the Convict Criminology movement, in which convicts who became professors critically examine the criminal justice system. In 1985 he received the August Vollmer award from the American Society of Criminology. Irwin died on January 3, 2010 at the age of 80. John Keith Irwin John Keith Irwin (May 21, 1929 – January 3, 2010) was an American sociologist and criminologist who was known internationally as an expert on the American prison system. He published dozens of scholarly articles and seven books on the topic. Irwin was raised in Los Angeles. In 1952, he robbed a

neg: Freda Adler International Division Award, the Distinguished Alumna Award of the Department of Criminology, University of Pennsylvania and the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences Founder's Award. The International Division of the American Society of Criminology presents a Freda Adler Distinguished Scholar Award annually. Adler is a Fellow of The Max-Planck Institute of Foreign and International Law and Criminology, the American Society of Criminology and the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences. She is a Senior Fellow of the Zicklin Center for Business Ethics Research, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania. Adler has occasionally collaborated with her husband, Gerhard O.W. Mueller, who served as

neg: Laurie Taylor (sociologist) to journalist Anna Coote, a former deputy editor of the "New Statesman", who has also been associated with various public organisations. Taylor's son, Matthew, is Chief Executive of the Royal Society of Arts. Taylor has a particular interest in criminology and was one of the founder members of the National Deviancy Conference. He published widely in criminology, and as a popular author writing on the media and fame. Perhaps his best-known early work was the book co-written with Stanley Cohen: "Escape Attempts: The Theory and Practice of Resistance to Everyday Life". The book arose from research into the wellbeing of

neg: Critical criminology adequate merely to 'insert' women into 'malestream' criminology, it is necessary to develop a criminology from the standpoint of women. At first glance this may appear to be gender biased against the needs and views of men. However, this claim is based on a position developed by Nancy Hartsock known as standpoint feminism. Based on the work of Marx, Hartsock suggests that the view of the world from womanhood is a 'truer' vision than that from the viewpoint of man. According to Marx (Marx 1964, Lucacs 1971) privilege blinds people to the realities of the world meaning that the powerless

neg: Eugène François Vidocq Eugène François Vidocq Eugène François Vidocq (; July 24, 1775 – May 11, 1857) was a French criminal and criminalist whose life story inspired several writers, including Victor Hugo, Edgar Allan Poe, and Honoré de Balzac. The former criminal became the founder and first director of the crime-detection Sûreté Nationale as well as the head of the first known private detective agency. Vidocq is considered to be the father of modern criminology and of the French police department. He is also regarded as the first private detective. Eugène François Vidocq was born during the night of 23 to 24 July

neg: Jerry Lee Jerry Lee Jerry Lee (born April 20, 1936 in Sharon, Pennsylvania) is President of the Jerry Lee Foundation. A philanthropist of crime prevention, education and evidence-based policy-making, he was the original donor of the Stockholm Prize in Criminology, the Jerry Lee Center of Criminology at the University of Pennsylvania, the Jerry Lee Centre of Experimental Criminology at the University of Cambridge, and the Coalition for Evidence-Based Policy in Washington. He is Chairman of Philadelphia Radio Station WBEB-FM 101, now known as MORE-FM, the last independent radio station in a major media market. Appointed by President George W. Bush to serve

neg: Scott Decker Scott Decker Scott H. Decker (born July 17, 1950) is an American criminologist and Foundation Professor of Criminology and Criminal Justice at Arizona State University (ASU). He is known for researching gang violence and criminal justice policy. Decker received his B.A. from DePauw University in 1972, and his M.A. and Ph.D. in criminology from Florida State University in 1974 and 1976, respectively. Decker joined the faculty of the University of Missouri-St. Louis in 1977 as an assistant professor in the Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice. In 1986, he became a full professor at the University of Missouri-St. Louis, and

neg: Anthropological criminology Lombroso's life, British scientist Charles Buckman Goring (1870–1919) was also working in the same area, and concluded that there were no noticeable physiological differences between law-abiding people and those who committed crimes. Maurice Parmelee, seen as the founder of modern criminology in America, also began to reject the theory of anthropological criminology in 1911, which led to its eventual withdrawal from the field of accepted criminology research. Despite general rejection of Lombroso's theories, anthropological criminology still finds a place of sort in modern criminal profiling. Historically (particularly in the 1930s) criminal anthropology had been associated somewhat with eugenics as the

neg: Feminist school of criminology and rape are increasingly being reported, as they have been given greater significance and a deeper understanding by society. Past generations of women have suffered in silence due to the lack of importance the police and criminology have afforded women's victimisation. Another criticism levied at criminology by feminists is the lack of interest given to women who are the silent sufferer whilst their male partner is in prison. Criminological studies generally focus on the prisoner and his relationship with the penal system, having little interest for the females concerns. Prisoner studies detail the anguish suffered by the imprisoned men who

neg: Western Society of Criminology (formerly "Western Criminology Review". Western Society of Criminology The Western Society of Criminology is an American regional learned society dedicated to research in criminology in the Western United States and Canada. It is based at the School of Criminology, Criminal Justice, & Emergency Management of California State University, Long Beach. It was established as an independent organization in 1977, though it originated as the "Western Division" of the American Society of Criminology in 1973. It has held an annual meeting since it was founded in 1977. It publishes the newsletter "The Western Criminologist" and the online peer-reviewed journal "Criminology, Criminal

neg: Radical criminology Criminology Working Group in the Criminology Department at Kwantlen Polytechnic University have advocated an activist, explicitly anti-capitalist and anti-statist radical criminology. In 2012 they launched the journal "Radical Criminology." An outline of a contemporary radical criminology and a call to action was issued in the journal's "Radical Criminology: A Manifesto." Radical criminology Radical criminology caused by the social and economic forces of society holds that crime. It states that society "functions" in terms of the general interests of the ruling class rather than "society as a whole" and that while the potential for conflict is always present, it is continually

neg: David P. Farrington He is also known for his work on evaluating the effectiveness of interventions intended to prevent crime, such as closed-circuit televisions. In 2003, Farrington received an Order of the British Empire (OBE) for his services to criminology. In 2013, Farrington received the Stockholm Prize in Criminology for his work on early-life crime prevention programs. He has also received the Thorsten Sellin-Sheldon and Eleanor Glueck Award and the August Vollmer Award from the American Society of Criminology, the European Association of Psychology and Law's Award for Outstanding Career-Long Contributions to the Scientific Study of Law and Human Behaviour, the Joan McCord

neg: Western Society of Criminology Western Society of Criminology The Western Society of Criminology is an American regional learned society dedicated to research in criminology in the Western United States and Canada. It is based at the School of Criminology, Criminal Justice, & Emergency Management of California State University, Long Beach. It was established as an independent organization in 1977, though it originated as the "Western Division" of the American Society of Criminology in 1973. It has held an annual meeting since it was founded in 1977. It publishes the newsletter "The Western Criminologist" and the online peer-reviewed journal "Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law & Society"

neg: Tareck El Aissami news of his father's arrest and the raiding of his childhood home, seventeen-year-old El Aissami became disillusioned with the state of Venezuela. A quote from his father stuck with El Aissami for life, "No matter what happens, remember the capable men are the ones who write history, the incapable criticize it", with his father referring to Chávez as being able to rewrite history. Following the arrest of El Aissami's father in 1992, his great-uncle Shibli El Aissami retired from politics in Iraq, remaining in the country until the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Studying both law and criminology, El Aissami attended

neg: International Society of Criminology it held an International Criminology Course in Mendoza, Argentina. The president of the International Society of Criminology is Emilio C. Viano. Previous presidents have included Lawrence W. Sherman, Albert J. Reiss, and Thorsten Sellin. International Society of Criminology The International Society of Criminology (abbreviated ISC) is an international learned society dedicated to advancing the field of criminology. It describes itself as "...the only worldwide organization in the field of criminology and criminal justice." It has held the World Congresses of Criminology periodically since 1938. The most recent of these congresses was held on the campus of O. P. Jindal Global

neg: Critical criminology of this pacifying or passive image of women, feminist criminologists wish to generate a discursive and real (extended) space within which expressions of women's own views of their identity and womanhood may emerge. There are many forms of criticism leveled at feminist criminology, some 'facile' (Gelsthorpe 1997) such as those of Bottomley & Pease (1986), or Walker (1987) who suggest that feminist thinking is irrelevant to criminology. A major strand of criticism is leveled at what it is argued is its ethnocentrism (Rice 1990, Mama 1989, Ahluwalia 1991), that is, that in its silence on the experience of black women

neg: Green criminology special issue on green criminology in the journal "Theoretical Criminology" edited by Piers Beirne and Nigel South (1998, volume 2, number 2). Green criminology has recently started to feature in university-level curriculum and textbooks in criminology and other disciplinary fields. The study of green criminology has expanded significantly over time, and is supported by groups such as the "International Green Criminology Working Group" See http://greencriminology.org/. There are increasing interfaces and hybrid empirical and theoretical influences between the study of green criminology, which focuses on environmental harms and crimes, and mainstream criminology and criminal justice, with criminologists studying the 'greening' of

neg: Rational choice theory (criminology) Rational choice theory (criminology) In criminology, rational choice theory adopts a utilitarian belief that man is a reasoning actor who weighs means and ends, costs and benefits, and makes a rational choice. This method was designed by Cornish and Clarke to assist in thinking about situational crime prevention. It is assumed that crime is purposive behavior designed to meet the offender’s commonplace needs for such things as money, status, sex and excitement, and that meeting these needs involves the making of (sometimes quite rudimentary) decisions and choices, constrained as these are by limits, ability, and the availability of relevant information...

neg: Green criminology to employ a critical analysis of environmental crime as it occurs in its global context and connections. Similar to Lynch’s political economic approach to green criminology, White has also noted that it is desirable to refer to the political economy of environmental crime, and to social and environmental justice issues. As proposed by Avi Brisman and Nigel South green-cultural criminology attempts to integrate green and cultural criminology to explore the cultural meaning and significance of terms such as “environment” and “environmental crime.” Conservation criminology is compliment to green criminology. Originally proposed by an interdisciplinary group of scholars from the Department

neg: Tim Newburn police, his publications include "Criminology" (2007) and the "Handbook of Policing" (2008). He has also written for "The Independent". In 2017, Newburn published a third edition of "Criminology", a follow up to his 2013 Second Edition. It is 1143 pages long and provides an in-depth analysis of crime and criminology, as well as the theories and concepts related to it. Tim Newburn William Henry Timothy Newburn (born 4 July 1959) is an academic, specialising in criminology and policing. He was president of the British Society of Criminology from 2005-2008, director of the Mannheim Centre for Criminology from 2003-2008 and is

neg: Kirathakudu a rather unusual role: He hates his father to the core and does not support him even when he is being destroyed. Chakravarthy (Jaggaiah), who is a CBI officer, who is nominated to the Interpol and his son Charan (Chiranjeevi) is a reputed sportsman, but there is no love between them. Charan spends his life with friends and alcohol to overcome his loneliness. Dharmateja (Gummadi Venkateswara Rao) is an honest police officer. His daughter Swetha (Suhasini), who is doing research in criminology gets acquainted with Charan. Swetha falls in love with Charan during this process and changes Charan into a

neg: American Society of Criminology the Society for the Advancement of Criminology in 1946. The Society was re-organized and took on its current name subsequent to a meeting held in March 1957 at the University of Southern California. Today, the American Society of Criminology comprises approximately 3,700 members from more than 60 countries. It is the leading professional criminological society in the world. Members include practitioners, academicians, and students in the many fields of criminal justice and criminology. Roughly 60 percent of the membership is made up of university professors who engage in social and behavioral science-based criminological research. Students comprise approximately 30 percent of

neg: International Society of Criminology International Society of Criminology The International Society of Criminology (abbreviated ISC) is an international learned society dedicated to advancing the field of criminology. It describes itself as "...the only worldwide organization in the field of criminology and criminal justice." It has held the World Congresses of Criminology periodically since 1938. The most recent of these congresses was held on the campus of O. P. Jindal Global University in Sonipat, India, in December 2016. It also publishes the "International Annals of Criminology". The International Society of Criminology was established on July 16, 1937 in Rome, Italy. Its co-founders included Agostino Gemelli

neg: Public criminology Crépault acknowledges that while criminological news and research is frequently reported, it is often being picked through to serve a partisan agenda and then reported by non-criminologists. In a similar way, anthropologist Sindre Bangstad recognizes social media as an easy way to perform public scholarship, but worries that the soul of academic disciplines who so engage will be lost in the vast sea of information. There are many current examples of public criminology. Public criminology Drawing on Michael Burawoy’s advocacy for a “public sociology,” Uggen & Inderbitzin have argued that the energies of criminologists should be similarly directed towards a

neg: Feminist school of criminology Feminist school of criminology The feminist school of criminology is a school of criminology developed in the late 1960s and into the 1970s as a reaction to the general disregard and discrimination of women in the traditional study of crime. Feminist criminologists note that the field of criminology has historically been dominated by men, leading to the development of criminological theories that focus on the male experience. This patriarchal domination is not unique to criminological theory, as it is also reflected in the criminal justice system which is cited as a gender institution itself. Both feminist criminologists, as well as

neg: African Journal of Criminology and Justice Studies African Journal of Criminology and Justice Studies The African Journal of Criminology and Justice Studies is a biannual peer-reviewed Open access academic journal covering issues relevant to criminology, social, and justice systems of interest to Africa. It is the official journal of the African Criminology and Justice Association and was established in April 2005. The journal is the first scholarly periodical to focus on specifically African criminal justice issues. It has attempted to create an "Africana criminology", although this concept has mainly stayed outside the mainstream. The journal is published at the University of Maryland Eastern Shore. The editor-in-chief as

neg: Critical criminology Critical criminology Critical criminology is a theoretical perspective in criminology which focuses on challenging traditional understandings and uncovering false beliefs about crime and criminal justice, often but not exclusively by taking a conflict perspective, such as Marxism, feminism, political economy theory or critical theory. Critical criminology frequently takes a perspective of examining the genesis of crime and nature of 'justice' within the social structure of a class and status inequalities. Law and punishment of crime are viewed as connected to a system of social inequality and as the means of producing and perpetuating this inequality. Critical criminology also seeks to

neg: Critical criminology delve into the foundations of criminological research to unearth any biases. Critical criminology sees crime as a product of oppression of workers – in particular, those in greatest poverty – and less-advantaged groups within society, such as women and ethnic minorities, are seen to be the most likely to suffer oppressive social relations based upon class division, sexism and racism. More simply, critical criminology may be defined as any criminological topic area that takes into account the "contextual factors" of crime or critiques topics covered in mainstream criminology. Convict Criminology which is critical criminology, emerged in the United States during

neg: Criminology (journal) of 58 journals in the category "Criminology & Penology". Criminology (journal) Criminology is a peer-reviewed academic journal published quarterly by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the American Society of Criminology. The editor-in-chief is Wayne Osgood (professor emeritus of criminology and sociology at the Pennsylvania State University). The co-editors are Eric P. Baumer (professor of sociology and criminology at the Pennsylvania State University) and Rosemary Gartner (professor emeritus of criminology at the University of Toronto). The journal covers research in criminology, penology, and criminal justice and is the flagship journal of ASC. According to the "Journal Citation Reports", the journal has a

neg: Florida State University College of Criminology and Criminal Justice Florida State University College of Criminology and Criminal Justice The Florida State University College of Criminology and Criminal Justice is one of sixteen colleges comprising the Florida State University (FSU). The College is the oldest program of its kind. It offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees. The College's faculty members lead the nation in funding for education and delinquency research, they conduct the most recognized research on fear and crime, they are known internationally for law enforcement research, they are the most cited for national gun control research, and they are prominent scholars in the areas of self-control and crime

neg: Allen Bartholomew Criminology" in a given year with the Allen Austin Bartholomew Award. Allen Bartholomew Allen Austin Bartholomew (23 October 1925 – 19 June 2004) was an Australian forensic psychologist and criminologist who played a major role in developing criminology in Australia. For example, he negotiated with the University of Melbourne to establish both the Australian and New Zealand Society of Criminology (ANZSOC) and its official journal, the "Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology", in 1967. He went on to serve as the journal's first editor-in-chief from 1968 to 1980. In his honor, the ANZSOC and SAGE Publications jointly honor the

neg: Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology States. Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology The Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology ("JCLC") is a peer-reviewed quarterly academic journal published by the Northwestern University School of Law. The journal was established in 1910 as the Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology by Dean John Henry Wigmore. From 1931 to 1951 it was named Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology and from 1951 to 1972 The Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science. It received its current name in 1973. The "Journal" was an outgrowth of the "National Conference on Criminal Law and Criminology,"

neg: Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology The Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology ("JCLC") is a peer-reviewed quarterly academic journal published by the Northwestern University School of Law. The journal was established in 1910 as the Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology by Dean John Henry Wigmore. From 1931 to 1951 it was named Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology and from 1951 to 1972 The Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science. It received its current name in 1973. The "Journal" was an outgrowth of the "National Conference on Criminal Law and Criminology," hosted

neg: Postmodernist school (criminology) Postmodernist school (criminology) The postmodernist school in criminology applies postmodernism to the study of crime and criminals. It is based on an understanding of "criminality" as a product of the use of power to limit the behaviour of those individuals excluded from power, but who try to overcome social inequality and behave in ways which the power structure prohibits. It focuses on the identity of the human subject, multiculturalism, feminism, and human relationships to deal with the concepts of "difference" and "otherness" without essentialism or reductionism, but its contributions are not always appreciated (Carrington: 1998). Postmodernists shift attention from Marxist

neg: Criminology Criminology Criminology (from Latin , "accusation" originally derived from the Ancient Greek verb "krino" "κρίνω", and Ancient Greek , "-logy|-logia", from "logos" meaning: “word,” “reason,” or “plan”) is the scientific study of the nature, extent, management, causes, control, consequences, and prevention of criminal behavior, both on individual and social levels. Criminology is an interdisciplinary field in both the behavioral and social sciences, drawing especially upon the research of sociologists, psychologists, philosophers, psychiatrists, biologists, social anthropologists, as well as scholars of law. The term "criminology" was coined in 1885 by Italian law professor Raffaele Garofalo as "." Later, French anthropologist Paul

neg: Feminist Criminology (journal) Feminist Criminology (journal) Feminist Criminology is a peer-reviewed academic journal that covers the field of criminology, especially research and theory that highlights the gendered nature in areas such as girls and women as victims, feminist theories of crime, and girls and women and the justice system. The journal's editor-in-chief is Rosemary Barberet (John Jay College of Criminal Justice). It was established in 2006 and is published by Sage Publications in association with the Division on Women and Crime of the American Society of Criminology. The journal is abstracted and indexed in Scopus and the Social Sciences Citation Index. According to

neg: Feminist Criminology (journal) the "Journal Citation Reports", its 2017 impact factor is 0.871, ranking it 41 out of 61 journals in the category "Criminology & Penology". Feminist Criminology (journal) Feminist Criminology is a peer-reviewed academic journal that covers the field of criminology, especially research and theory that highlights the gendered nature in areas such as girls and women as victims, feminist theories of crime, and girls and women and the justice system. The journal's editor-in-chief is Rosemary Barberet (John Jay College of Criminal Justice). It was established in 2006 and is published by Sage Publications in association with the Division on Women and

neg: Conflict criminology capitalism in itself cannot be blamed for all crimes. A seminal book on the subject, "The New Criminology", by Taylor, Walton, and Young, was considered groundbreaking and ahead of its time at the point of its publication in 1973. However, 11 years later, co-author Jock Young turned against the work, claiming it too was overly idealistic, and began to form yet another line of criminological thought, now commonly known as Left realism. Sellin was a sociologist at the University of Pennsylvania and one of the pioneers of scientific criminology. His method involved a comprehensive view of the subject, incorporating historical,

neg: Miriam Feirberg Miriam Feirberg Miriam Feirberg Ikar (; born 11 July 1951) is the mayor of Netanya, a city in the Central District of Israel. Feirberg is the first (elected) female mayor in Netanya and one of the few women who have served as mayors of Israeli cities. She was born in Acre, a city in northern Israel. Her father was an officer in the Israel Border Police, and her mother was a social worker. She obtained her Bachelor of arts degree in sociology, criminology and social work, and her Masters of arts degree in social work, both from Bar-Ilan University. From

neg: Ewon Arayi Ewon Arayi Merenciana "Ewon" Arayi (born November 5, 1985) is a Filipina women's basketball player, who has served as the longest-tenured player and team captain of the Philippines women's national basketball team (Perlas Pilipinas, formerly Discovery Perlas) since the SEABA Championships in 2007. She is also the founder and president of the pioneering women's basketball league in the Philippines, the Pinay Ballers League and a member of Athletes in Action Christian ministry. Arayi was five months old when her father Gabriel, a criminology graduate went to Lagos to become a policeman. He returned to the Philippines when she was 16

neg: Nordic Journal of Criminology Nordic Journal of Criminology The Nordic Journal of Criminology (abbreviated "NJC") is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering the field of criminology. It is published biannually by Taylor and Francis on behalf of the Scandinavian Research Council for Criminology, together with the Danish, Finnish and Norwegian Crime Prevention Councils, the Finnish National Research Institute of Legal Policy and the Department of Criminology at Stockholm University. The journal focuses on the Scandinavian or Nordic tradition of criminology research. The editor-in-chief is Anita Heber (Stockholm University). The journal was established in 2003 by the merger of the two journals "Scandinavian Studies in Criminology"

neg: Stockholm Prize in Criminology Stockholm Prize in Criminology The Stockholm Prize in Criminology is an international prize in the field of criminology, established under the aegis of the Swedish Ministry of Justice. It has a permanent endowment in the trust of the Stockholm Prize in Criminology Foundation. The Stockholm Prize in Criminology is a distinguished part of the Stockholm Criminology Symposium, an annual event taking place during three days in June. The prize is awarded for outstanding achievements in criminological research or for the reduction of crime and the advancement of human rights. The objectives of the Stockholm Prize in Criminology are to promote

neg: Criminology (journal) Criminology (journal) Criminology is a peer-reviewed academic journal published quarterly by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the American Society of Criminology. The editor-in-chief is Wayne Osgood (professor emeritus of criminology and sociology at the Pennsylvania State University). The co-editors are Eric P. Baumer (professor of sociology and criminology at the Pennsylvania State University) and Rosemary Gartner (professor emeritus of criminology at the University of Toronto). The journal covers research in criminology, penology, and criminal justice and is the flagship journal of ASC. According to the "Journal Citation Reports", the journal has a 2016 impact factor of 5.019, ranking it first out

neg: Constitutive criminology Constitutive criminology Constitutive criminology is an affirmative, postmodernist-influenced theory of criminology posited by Stuart Henry and Dragan Milovanovic in "Constitutive criminology: beyond postmodernism" (1996), which was itself inspired by Anthony Giddens' "The Constitution of Society" (1984), where Giddens outlined his "theory of structuration". In this theory, crime is conceived as an integral part of the overall production of society and is a co-production of human agents and the cultural and social structures they continuously create. This theory defines crime as "the harm resulting from humans investing energy in relations of power that denies or diminishes those subject to this investment,

neg: Critical criminology it is as biased as male criminology in "its" ignorance of the experience of women. Criminology, claim these writers, is sexist and racist and that both errors need to be corrected. A significant number of criticisms are leveled at feminist criminology by Pat Carlen in an important paper from 1992 (Carlen 1992). Among Carlen's criticisms is that of an apparent inability of feminist criminology to reconcile theoretical insight with political reality, exhibiting a 'theoreticist, libertarian, separatist and gender-centric tendenc[y]'. She suggests that this libertarianism reflects itself in a belief that crime reduction policies can be achieved without some form of

neg: Victim blaming such as depression or sexual violence specific PTSD known as rape trauma syndrome. An ideal victim is one who is afforded the status of victimhood due to unavoidable circumstances that put the individual at a disadvantage. One can apply this theory to any crime including and especially sexual assault. Nils Christie, a Norwegian criminology professor, has been theorizing about the concept of the ideal victim since the 1980s. In his research he gives two examples, one of an old woman who is attacked on her way home from visiting her family and the other of a man who is attacked

neg: Jeremy Renner appeared in films such as "" (2011), "The Bourne Legacy" (2012), "" (2013), "American Hustle" (2013), "" (2015) and "Arrival" (2016). Renner was born in Modesto, California, to mother Valerie Cearley (née Tague) and father Lee Renner, who managed McHenry Bowl, a Modesto bowling alley, in the 1980s. His parents married as teenagers and divorced when he was ten. He is the oldest of seven siblings. His ancestry includes German, English, Scottish, Swedish, Irish and Panamanian. Renner graduated from Fred C. Beyer High School in Modesto in 1989. He attended Modesto Junior College, where he studied computer science and criminology,

neg: Radical criminology Radical criminology Radical criminology caused by the social and economic forces of society holds that crime. It states that society "functions" in terms of the general interests of the ruling class rather than "society as a whole" and that while the potential for conflict is always present, it is continually neutralized by the power of a ruling class. Given its nature, radical criminology is not well funded by governments and is generally not supported by government policies. Radical criminology is based on a variant of Marxism called Instrumental Marxism. Recently a group of anarchists and abolitionists associated with the Critical

neg: Marxist criminology Marxist criminology Marxist criminology is one of the schools of criminology. It parallels the work of the structural functionalism school which focuses on what produces stability and continuity in society but, unlike the functionalists, it adopts a predefined political philosophy. As in conflict criminology, it focuses on why things change, identifying the disruptive forces in industrialized societies, and describing how society is divided by power, wealth, prestige, and the perceptions of the world. "The shape and character of the legal system in complex societies can be understood as deriving from the conflicts inherent in the structure of these societies which

neg: Jonathan Silver (sculptor) Jonathan Silver (sculptor) Jonathan Silver (November 19, 1937 – July 10, 1992) was an American figurative sculptor, and visual artist "known for infusing classical forms with an extreme, implicitly modern sense of emotion." His work draws from the hellenistic tradition, as well as Rodin, Giacometti and Freudian psychoanalysis. Jonathan Silver was born in Brooklyn New York. His father, Edward Silver, was a District Attorney. Edward Silver published an article in the Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology in Spring of 1964 discussing the pros and cons of wire tapping and how to acquaint ourselves with the pros. Silver started his

neg: Vladimir Dmitrievich Nabokov Courland. He studied criminal law at the University of St. Petersburg and taught criminology at the Imperial School of Jurisprudence. Nabokov married Elena Ivanovna Rukavishnikova in 1897 with whom he had five children. Their eldest son was the writer and lepidopterist Vladimir Vladimirovich Nabokov, who portrayed his father in his memoirs ("Speak, Memory", 1967) and included in his novel "Pale Fire" a scene of misdirected assassination evoking the death of his father. Other children were Sergey (1900–1945), Kirill (1911–1964), Elena (1906–2000) and Olga (1903–1978), who was a childhood friend of novelist Ayn Rand. From 1904 until 1917 he was the

neg: Cambridge Institute of Criminology from the Wolfson Foundation and the Howard League for Penal Reform. The Institute offers a number of different courses, including a nine-month taught MPhil Degree in Criminology (the largest full-time postgraduate Criminology course in the UK); a twelve-month MPhil degree in Criminological Research; a 2-year MSt Degree in Applied Criminology and Police Management open to potential chief police officers and personnel working in senior positions within police forces and other parts of the criminal justice system; a 2-year MSt Degree in Applied Criminology, Penology and Management open to senior prison officers and others who work, or have interest in criminal

neg: Principles of Criminology Cressey and D. F. Luckenbill as co-authors. Principles of Criminology Principles of Criminology, written by Edwin H. Sutherland and Donald R. Cressey, is hailed as the most authoritative work in the field of criminology. The first edition was published in 1934, although it was derived from a previous publication, "Criminology" (1924). The 1934 edition contained a paragraph claiming that crime is brought about by a conflict of behaviours that originate from different cultures. This was the seed of Sutherland's theory of differential association, which was fully developed in the fourth edition, published in 1947. Further editions of the book were

neg: Criminology both biological factors and environmental factors. While contemporary criminology has been dominated by sociological theories, biosocial criminology also recognizes the potential contributions of fields such as genetics, neuropsychology, and evolutionary psychology. Aggressive behavior has been associated with abnormalities in three principal regulatory systems in the body: serotonin systems, catecholamine systems, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis. Abnormalities in these systems also are known to be induced by stress, either severe, acute stress or chronic low-grade stress. In 1968, young British sociologists formed the National Deviance Conference (NDC) group. The group was restricted to academics and consisted of 300 members. Ian Taylor, Paul

neg: Biosocial criminology Biosocial criminology Biosocial criminology is an interdisciplinary field that aims to explain crime and antisocial behavior by exploring both biological factors and environmental factors. While contemporary criminology has been dominated by sociological theories, biosocial criminology also recognizes the potential contributions of fields such as genetics, neuropsychology, and evolutionary psychology. Environment has a significant effect on genetic expression. Disadvantaged environments enhance antisocial gene expression, suppress prosocial gene action and prevent the realization of genetic potential. One approach to studying the role of genetics for crime is to calculate the heritability coefficient, which describes the proportion of the variance that is due

neg: David P. Farrington Award from the Academy of Experimental Criminology, and the Jerry Lee Award from the American Society of Criminology Division of Experimental Criminology. Farrington has been president of the American Society of Criminology (1998–1999), the European Association of Psychology and Law (1997–1999), the British Society of Criminology (1990–1993), and the Academy of Experimental Criminology (2001–2003). In 1975, he became a member of the British Society of Criminology, and in 1999, he became a member of the Academy of Experimental Criminology. He is also a former member of the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences (2004–2010) and International Society of Criminology (1998–2009). From

neg: Criminology & Public Policy a 2017 impact factor of 2.216, ranking it 14th out of 61 journals in the category "Criminology & Penology". Criminology & Public Policy Criminology & Public Policy is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering criminology and its implications for public policy. It was established in 2001 and is published three times per year by John Wiley & Sons on behalf of the American Society of Criminology, of which it is an official journal. The Florida State University College of Criminology and Criminal Justice holds editorship of the journal, and the current editors-in-chief are William D. Bales (Florida State University College of

neg: Criminology & Public Policy Criminology & Public Policy Criminology & Public Policy is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering criminology and its implications for public policy. It was established in 2001 and is published three times per year by John Wiley & Sons on behalf of the American Society of Criminology, of which it is an official journal. The Florida State University College of Criminology and Criminal Justice holds editorship of the journal, and the current editors-in-chief are William D. Bales (Florida State University College of Criminology and Criminal Justice) and Daniel Nagin (Carnegie Mellon University). According to the "Journal Citation Reports", the journal has

neg: Public criminology current lack of resources for the project, the indifference of policy makers to criminological insights, or a parallel indifference in academic criminology to policy-making issues. The term public criminology can be traced to Christopher Uggen and Michelle Inderbitzin, as well as Ian Loader and Richard Sparks. It is derived from Michael Burawoy's advocacy for public sociology at the 2004 presidential address to the American Sociological Association and his 2009 presidential address to the American Society of Criminology. Uggen and Inderbitzin suggest that a “public criminology” would place greater emphasis on criminological work that informs public understandings about such issues as

neg: J. P. Strom in a house attached to the county jail. Known as a homespun raconteur, Strom said this time "living in the jailhouse" as a youth provided him an education in criminology. Strom began his nearly fifty-year career in law enforcement in 1938 when his father swore him in as a Deputy Sheriff. As with other members of "The Greatest Generation," Strom put his career on hold to do his part in World War II by serving in the military. Strom joined the US Air Force and was stationed in France, England, and Austria with the Ninth Air Force. After the completion

neg: Green criminology of Fisheries & Wildlife, School of Criminal Justice, and Environmental Science & Policy Program at Michigan State University, conservation criminology seeks to overcome limitations inherent to single-discipline science and provide practical guidance about on-the-ground reforms. Conservation criminology is an interdisciplinary and applied paradigm for understanding programs and policies associated with global conservation risks. By integrating natural resources management, risk and decision science, and criminology, conservation criminology-based approaches ideally result in improved environmental resilience, biodiversity conservation, and secure human livelihoods. As an interdisciplinary science, conservation criminology requires the constant and creative combination of theories, methods, and techniques from diverse disciplines throughout

neg: Criminology A crime opportunity requires that elements converge in time and place including a motivated offender, suitable target or victim, and lack of a capable guardian. A guardian at a place, such as a street, could include security guards or even ordinary pedestrians who would witness the criminal act and possibly intervene or report it to law enforcement. Routine activity theory was expanded by John Eck, who added a fourth element of "place manager" such as rental property managers who can take nuisance abatement measures. Biosocial criminology is an interdisciplinary field that aims to explain crime and antisocial behavior by exploring

neg: Right realism Right realism Right realism, in criminology, also known as New Right Realism, Neo-Classicism, Neo-Positivism, or Neo-Conservatism, is the ideological polar opposite of left realism. It considers the phenomenon of crime from the perspective of political Conservatism and asserts that it takes a more realistic view of the causes of crime and deviance, and identifies the best mechanisms for its control. Unlike the other Schools of criminology, there is less emphasis on developing theories of causality in relation to crime and deviance (the tendency is to scientifically examine Official Statistics as evidence). The school employs a rationalist, direct and scientific approach

neg: Karuppannan Jaishankar Karuppannan Jaishankar Karuppannan Jaishankar (born 15 June 1973) is an Indian criminologist who teaches at Raksha Shakti University. He is the editor in chief of "International Journal of Cyber Criminology". Jaishankar is the Professor and Head of the Department of Criminology at the Raksha Shakti University (First Internal Security and Police University of India) Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. Earlier, he was a faculty member at the Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli. He was a Commonwealth Academic Fellow during 2009-10 at the Centre for Criminal Justice Studies, School of Law, University of Leeds. He proposed what he

neg: Principles of Criminology Principles of Criminology Principles of Criminology, written by Edwin H. Sutherland and Donald R. Cressey, is hailed as the most authoritative work in the field of criminology. The first edition was published in 1934, although it was derived from a previous publication, "Criminology" (1924). The 1934 edition contained a paragraph claiming that crime is brought about by a conflict of behaviours that originate from different cultures. This was the seed of Sutherland's theory of differential association, which was fully developed in the fourth edition, published in 1947. Further editions of the book were published after Sutherland's death in 1950 by

neg: Constitutive criminology view. According to Henry, "Use of knowledge is an expression of power or resistance to power." He also sees knowledge as a consultation repeatedly being built and used by humans to make claims for the sole use of politics within one's actions. Knowledge and its conditions have always been unifying concerns within this theory, while subjects are slowly becoming more and more alike due to the media and the avalanche of propaganda that follows. Constitutive criminology Constitutive criminology is an affirmative, postmodernist-influenced theory of criminology posited by Stuart Henry and Dragan Milovanovic in "Constitutive criminology: beyond postmodernism" (1996), which was

neg: James Alan Fox Statistics of the U.S. Department of Justice, and an NBC News Analyst. James Alan Fox James Alan Fox is a professor of criminology at Northeastern University in Boston, Massachusetts, in the United States. He is the Lipman Family Professor of Criminal Justice and former dean at Northeastern University. He has published 15 books and dozens of journal and magazine articles and newspaper columns. Fox holds a bachelor's degree in sociology (1972), a master's degree in criminology (1974), a master's degree in statistics (1975), and a Ph.D. in sociology (1976), all from the University of Pennsylvania. Fox is known as "The

neg: James Alan Fox James Alan Fox James Alan Fox is a professor of criminology at Northeastern University in Boston, Massachusetts, in the United States. He is the Lipman Family Professor of Criminal Justice and former dean at Northeastern University. He has published 15 books and dozens of journal and magazine articles and newspaper columns. Fox holds a bachelor's degree in sociology (1972), a master's degree in criminology (1974), a master's degree in statistics (1975), and a Ph.D. in sociology (1976), all from the University of Pennsylvania. Fox is known as "The Dean of Death," for his research on mass murders. "USA Today" says

neg: Cultural criminology sociologically inspired criminology attuned to the distinctive dynamics of the contemporary economy. They contend that the expansion of the global market has brought new forms of crime, crime control, and political resistance. Cultural criminology Cultural criminology is a theoretical, methodological, and interventionist approach to the study of crime that seeks to understand crime in the context of its culture. It views both crime and the agencies of control as cultural products. Cultural criminology seeks to highlight how power affects constructions of crime, such as laws created, laws broken, and the interplay of moral entrepreneurship, moral innovation, and transgression. Crime and

neg: Edward Sagarin Edward Sagarin Edward Sagarin (September 18, 1913 – June 10, 1986), also known by his pen name Donald Webster Cory, was an American professor of sociology and criminology at the City University of New York, and a writer. His book "The Homosexual in America: A Subjective Approach", published in 1951, was considered "one of the most influential works in the history of the gay rights movement," and inspired compassion in others by highlighting the difficulties faced by homosexuals. He was titled "father of the homophile movement" for asserting that gay men and lesbians deserved civil rights as members of a

neg: Bernhard Alexander 1895. From 1892, he also lectured on dramaturgy and esthetics at the National Theater Academy, and on the latter subject and on the history of civilization at the Francis Joseph Polytechnic. He was a corresponding member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and a member of the Kisfaludy Society, a major force in Hungarian literature. He was the father of Franz Alexander, a Hungarian-American psychoanalyst and physician, who is considered one of the founders of psychosomatic medicine and psychoanalytic criminology, and maternal grandfather of Alfréd Rényi, a Hungarian mathematician who made contributions in combinatorics, graph theory, number theory but mostly

neg: Stockholm Prize in Criminology The Stockholm Criminology Symposium is an annual event which attracts some 500 attendees from all over the world. The Symposium is organized by the Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention on behalf of the Swedish government. During its thirteen-year long existence the Symposium has become a meeting point for researchers, policy-makers and practitioners who want to learn from the latest research findings of importance for crime policy. The Prize ceremony is held at the City Hall in central Stockholm in conjunction with the Stockholm Criminology symposium. The 2018 ceremony will be held on the evening of June 13 and is

neg: Cambridge Institute of Criminology Cambridge Institute of Criminology The Cambridge Institute of Criminology is the criminological institute within the Faculty of Law at the University of Cambridge. Its multidisciplinary teaching and research staff are recruited from the disciplines of Law, Psychiatry, Psychology, and Sociology. It is located on the Sidgwick Site in the west of Cambridge, England. The Department of Criminal Science at the Faculty of Law was first established by Sir Leon Radzinowicz in 1938. As the field of criminology was met with increasing interest and success, Sir Leon Radzinowicz founded the Institute of Criminology in 1959 with the support of a benefaction

neg: Green criminology the entire processes of research, practice, education, and policy. Thinking about the interdisciplinary nature of conservation criminology can be quite exciting but does require patience and understanding of the different languages, epistemologies and ontologies of the core disciplines. Conservation criminology has been extensively applied to extralegal exploitation of natural resources such as wildlife poaching in Namibia and Madagascar corruption in conservation, e-waste, and general noncompliance with conservation rules. By relying on multiple disciplines, conservation criminology leapfrogs this ideal; it promotes thinking about second- and third-order consequences of risks, not just isolated trends. It is often noted that green criminology is