query: when was oil first discovered in the north sea

pos: North Sea oil the shores of the North Sea dates back to 1851, when James Young retorted oil from torbanite (boghead coal, or oil shale) mined in the Midland Valley of Scotland. Across the sea in Germany, oil was found in the Wietze field near Hanover in 1859, leading to the discovery of seventy more fields, mostly in Lower Cretaceous and Jurassic reservoirs, producing a combined total of around 1340 m³ (8,400 barrels) per day. Gas was found by chance in a water well near Hamburg in 1910, leading to minor gas discoveries in Zechstein dolomites elsewhere in Germany. In England, BP discovered

neg: Energy in Norway Sea. Exploration started on July 19, 1966, when Ocean Traveller drilled its first hole. Initial exploration was fruitless, until Ocean Viking found oil on August 21, 1969. By the end of 1969, it was clear that there were large oil and gas reserves in the North Sea. The first oil field was Ekofisk, which produced 427,442 barrels of crude in 1980. Subsequently, large natural gas reserves have also been discovered and it was specifically this huge amount of oil found in the North Sea that made Norway’s separate path outside the EU possible. Against the backdrop of the 1972 Norwegian

neg: Matt Linning around $1bn per year. "Sea Quest" discovered the Forties oil field on 7 October 1970; the vessel had also discovered the first North Sea oil field on 14 September 1969; "Sea Quest" had a significant effect on the UK economy. The Forties field is around 110 miles east of Aberdeen. During 1971 and 1972 BP drilled to a depth of 7,000 feet, and estimated the field to contain around 1.8 billion barrels of oil. He joined BP in 1969, and was made responsible for expansion at Llandarcy oil refinery, the UK's first oil refinery. He became head of the BP

neg: Economy of Scotland North Sea oil transforming the Scottish economy. Oil was discovered in the North Sea in 1966, with the first year of full production taking place in 1976. With the growth of oil exploration during that time, as well as the ancillary industries needed to support it, the city of Aberdeen became the UK's centre of the North Sea Oil Industry, with the port and harbour serving many oil fields off shore. Sullom Voe in Shetland is the site of a major oil terminal, where oil is piped in and transferred to tankers. Similarly the Flotta Oil Terminal in Orkney is

neg: Sullom Voe airbase were upgraded and modernised to create Scatsta Airport which is primarily used to service the terminal. The first crude oil was discovered in the North Sea in 1969, and soon thereafter construction began on the oil terminal at Sullom Voe, north east of the village of Brae, which became operational in 1975 and was completed in 1982, becoming the largest in Europe. Oil flows via pipeline from the Brent and Ninian oil fields to be loaded onto tankers at Sullom Voe. It has recently begun to serve North Atlantic oil fields as well. When Shetland was identified as a

neg: North Sea oil the discovery of the giant Forties Oil Field in October 1970. The following year, Shell Expro discovered the giant Brent oilfield in the northern North Sea east of Shetland in Scotland and the Petronord Group discovered the Frigg gas field. The Piper oilfield was discovered in 1973 and the Statfjord Field and the Ninian Field in 1974, with the Ninian reservoir consisting of Middle Jurassic sandstones at a depth of 3000 m subsea in a "westward tilted horst block". Off shore production, like that of the North Sea, became more economical after the 1973 oil crisis caused the world oil

neg: Sea Quest 1977, "Sea Quest" was sold to Sedco (now part of Transocean) and renamed "Sedco 135C". She was towed to the west coast of Africa. On 17 January 1980, while drilling in the Warri area, Nigeria, a blowout occurred and the rig sustained extensive fire damage. The rig was then deliberately sunk in deep water. Sea Quest The Sea Quest was a semi-submersible drilling rig. She discovered the UK's first North Sea oil on 14 September 1969 in the Arbroath Field. She also discovered the first giant oil field named Forties on 7 October 1970. The "Sea Quest" was built by

neg: Sea Quest Sea Quest The Sea Quest was a semi-submersible drilling rig. She discovered the UK's first North Sea oil on 14 September 1969 in the Arbroath Field. She also discovered the first giant oil field named Forties on 7 October 1970. The "Sea Quest" was built by Belfast shipbuilders Harland and Wolff for BP at a cost of £3.5 million and launched on 8 January 1966. The entire structure was high and weighed 150,000 tons, including three legs each in diameter and long that could be partially filled with water to control the height of the platform above the sea. In

neg: North Sea oil which was discovered in 2010, with further oil of the same field was discovered the next year. Total reserves of the field are estimated at 1.7 to 3.3 billion barrels of gross recoverable oil and Johan Sverdrup is expected to produce 120,000 to 200,000 barrels of oil per day. Production start is planned to happen in 2018. It is one of the largest discoveries made in the Norwegian Continental Shelf. , the North Sea was the world's most active offshore drilling region with 173 active rigs drilling. By May 2016, the North Sea oil&gas industry was financially stressed by the

neg: Ekofisk oil field Ekofisk oil field Ekofisk is an oil field in block 2/4 of the Norwegian sector of the North Sea about southwest of Stavanger. Discovered in 1969 by Phillips Petroleum Company, it remains one of the most important oil fields in the North Sea. This was the first discovery of oil after the drilling of over 200 exploration wells in the North Sea "triggered" by the Groningen gas field discovery. In 1971, Phillips started producing directly to tankers from four subsea wells. Oil production is planned to continue until at least 2050. Ekofisk reservoir consists of Cod, Ekofisk, West Ekofisk, Tor,

neg: Thistle oil field Thistle oil field The Thistle oil field is a large oil field in the Northern sector of the North Sea. The oil field, discovered in September 1972 by Signal Oil and Gas Company, is produced over the Thistle Alpha platform, located 125 nautical miles Northeast of Sumburgh, Shetland Islands and 275 nautical miles Northeast of Aberdeen, Scotland. Licence P236 was awarded as part of the UKCS fourth round in 1972, and the first well on the site was drilled and completed in July 1973 when the Thistle oil field was confirmed as a commercial discovery. The oil field is estimated

neg: North Sea oil came onstream in May 1967. Licensing regulations for Dutch waters were not finalised until 1967. The situation was transformed in December 1969, when Phillips Petroleum discovered oil in Chalk of Danian age at Ekofisk, in Norwegian waters in the central North Sea. The same month, Amoco discovered the Montrose Field about east of Aberdeen. BP had been awarded several licences in the area in the second licensing round late in 1965, but had been reluctant to work on them. The discovery of Ekofisk prompted them to drill what turned out to be a dry hole in May 1970, followed by

neg: Piper oilfield drilling and production. Piper Alpha was the site of one of the world's worst oil platform disasters when it was destroyed by an explosion in 1988, with the loss of 167 lives. Piper Bravo was installed in 1992. Talisman Energy acquired a controlling interest in 2000. Occidental Petroleum Corp., Getty Oil (Britain) Ltd., Thomson North Sea Ltd., and Allied Chemical (North Sea) Ltd., that later transformed into the OPCAL joint venture, obtained an oil exploration licence in 1972 and discovered the Piper oilfield in early 1973 after seismically mapping the area. Oil production started in 1976 with about increasing to

neg: Economic history of Scotland Since the Second World War, the economy has been fully integrated into the overall British economy, with the most distinctive feature being the discovery of oil offshore in the North Sea. The oil brought new wealth and new people to the most isolated areas. The discovery of the giant Forties oilfield in October 1970 was an initial sign that Scotland was about to become a major oil producing nation, a view confirmed when Shell Expro discovered the giant Brent oilfield in the northern North Sea east of Shetland the following year. Oil production started from the Argyll field (now Ardmore)

neg: North Sea oil that produces from Lower to Middle Jurassic sandstone formations within a fault block. The Snohvit Gas Field and the Draugen oil field were discovered in 1984. The Heidrun oil field was discovered in 1985. The largest UK field discovered in the past 25 years is Buzzard, also located off Scotland, found in June 2001 with producible reserves of almost 64×10 m³ (400m bbl) and an average output of 28,600 m³ to 30,200 m³ (180,000-220,000 bbl) per day. The largest field found in the past five years on the Norwegian part of the North Sea, is the Johan Sverdrup oil field

neg: Timor Sea Timor Sea The Timor Sea (; ; or "Tasi Timór") is a relatively shallow sea bounded to the north by the island of Timor, to the east by the Arafura Sea, to the south by Australia. The sea contains a number of reefs, uninhabited islands and significant hydrocarbon reserves. International disputes emerged after the reserves were discovered resulting in the signing of the Timor Sea Treaty. The Timor Sea was hit by the worst oil spill for 25 years in 2009. It is possible that Australia's first inhabitants crossed the Timor Sea from Indonesia at a time when sea levels

neg: North Sea continue to be exploited today. Offshore test drilling began in 1966 and then, in 1969, Phillips Petroleum Company discovered the Ekofisk oil field distinguished by valuable, low-sulphur oil. Commercial exploitation began in 1971 with tankers and, after 1975, by a pipeline, first to Teesside, England and then, after 1977, also to Emden, Germany. The exploitation of the North Sea oil reserves began just before the 1973 oil crisis, and the climb of international oil prices made the large investments needed for extraction much more attractive. Although the production costs are relatively high, the quality of the oil, the political stability

neg: Forties Oil Field sandstone. Four appraisal wells drilled during 1971–1972 revealed a large reservoir at a depth of about and closure of 155 m. So marked the first and largest major oil field discovery in the United Kingdom sector of the North Sea. Oil had previously been discovered at the Ekofisk field. Named Forties because it lay just off the Long Forties Bank, the field began producing oil in September 1975 and was officially inaugurated by Her Majesty on 3 November 1975. When the project was completed, 400,000 barrels of crude was initially expected to be siphoned off each day and exported through

neg: Scotland in the modern era discovery and development of North Sea oil and gas and partly as Scotland moved towards a more service-based economy. The discovery of the giant Forties oilfield in October 1970 signalled that Scotland was about to become a major oil producing nation, a view confirmed when Shell Expro discovered the giant Brent oilfield in the northern North Sea east of Shetland in 1971. Oil production started from the Argyll field (now Ardmore) in June 1975, followed by Forties in November of that year. Deindustrialisation took place rapidly in the 1970s and 1980s, as most of the traditional industries drastically shrank or

neg: Forties Oil Field Forties Oil Field The Forties Oil Field is the largest oil field in the UK sector of the North Sea, 110 miles east of Aberdeen. It was discovered in 1970 and first produced oil in 1975 under ownership of British Petroleum, now called BP. BP had made the announcement to the press on 7 October 1970, that oil had been struck east-northeast of Aberdeen in of water. Production is from the Paleocene Forties Formation sandstones over a 90 km area making it a "giant oil field". BP's semi-submersible drilling rig "Sea Quest" hit crude oil at in the Upper Tertiary

neg: Stavanger was first discovered in the North Sea. After much discussion, Stavanger was chosen to be the on-shore center for the oil industry on the Norwegian sector of the North Sea, and a period of hectic growth followed. In March 1965 an agreement was signed between Norway and the United Kingdom on the sharing of the continental shelf by the median line principle. That same year a similar agreement was signed between Norway and Denmark. It was designed as a legal regime for oil exploration. The first licensing round on the Norwegian shelf was announced on 13 April 1965, and in

neg: The blob (Chukchi Sea algae) The blob (Chukchi Sea algae) The blob was the name given to a large black algae bloom that was first spotted floating in the Chukchi Sea between the Alaskan cities of Wainwright and Utqiaġvik in July 2009. The mass was first discovered by a civilian boat from Wainwright, and was reported to the U.S. Coast Guard for concerns that it could've been an oil spill. Analysis of samples taken by the North Slope Borough government and sent to a lab in Anchorage determined that it was a type of marine alga. The mass was discovered floating in the Chukchi Sea,

neg: Easington Gas Terminal Terminal opened in March 1967. This was the first time that North Sea Gas had been brought ashore in the UK from the West Sole field. In 1980 British Gas purchased the field Rough and in 1983 began conversion to a storage field. BP Dimlington opened in October 1988. BP's Ravenspurn North field was added in 1990 and the Johnston field was added in 1994. The Easington Catchment Area was added in 2000, and the Juno development in 2003. Britain's first oil rig, the Sea Gem, first discovered gas in the North Sea on 20 August 1965. It was not

neg: Tambar oil field Tambar oil field Tambar () is an offshore oil field located in the southern Norwegian section of North Sea along with Ula and Gyda fields making up the UGT area, usually attributed to DONG Energy's main areas of exploration and production activity. The Ula field was discovered in 1983 and came online in 2001. Tambar was discovered in 1983 and became operational in July 2001. It contains confirmed 46.9 million m of oil. BP is the operator of the field with 55% of interest in the project. BP's partner DONG Energy holds 45% of interest. The sea depth at Tambar

neg: Harding oilfield Harding oilfield The Harding oilfield is a small oil field operated by TAQA, in the North Sea block 9/23b, approximately North-East of Aberdeen and in of water. The field was discovered in 1987, when oil was found in Eocene at a depth of . It was originally named the "Forth" field, but was renamed in 1993 in memory of David Harding who was Chief Executive of BP Exploration's UK operations during the field appraisal. The abundance of naphthenic acid in the oil however made the development unattractive at the time. The crude is heavy and naphthenic and is generally of

neg: North Sea oil suites and supercomputing to handle the flood of computation required). The Gullfaks oil field was discovered in 1978. The Snorre Field was discovered in 1979, producing from the Triassic Lunde Formation and the Triassic-Jurassic Statfjord Formation, both fluvial sandstones in a mudstone matrix. The Oseberg oil field and Troll gas field were also discovered in 1979. The Miller oilfield was discovered in 1983. The Alba Field produces from sandstones in the middle Eocene Alba Formation at 1860 m subsea and was discovered in 1984 in UKCS Block 16/26. The Smorbukk Field was discovered in 1984 in 250–300 m of water

neg: Tyulenovo found at the tourist center in the village of Balgarevo where recently discovered artifacts from the Durankulak Eneolithic settlement, belonging to one of the world's earliest civilizations, are also on display. Tyulenovo is also famous for the fact that on 31 May 1951 the first oil field in Bulgaria, the so-called Tyulenovo oil field, was discovered here. Lots of oil drills are still widespread in the vicinity. Tyulenovo Tyulenovo (, historically , ) is a village and seaside resort on the north Bulgarian Black Sea Coast, part of Shabla Municipality, Dobrich Province. "Tyulenovo" means "Village of seals" in Bulgarian, but

neg: Lundin Petroleum at that time. Lundin Petroleum's main producing field is the Edvard Grieg oil field, located in PL338 on the Utsira High in the central North Sea. The Edvard Grieg field was discovered in 2007 and started production in November 2015. The second largest production hub is the Alvheim area, located in the central part of the North Sea, and production from the fields in this hub started in 2008, 2010 and 2015. Lundin Petroleum has a 22.6 percent working interest in the Johan Sverdrup oil field development project. The first phase of the development is expected to start production in

neg: North Sea oil price to quadruple, followed by the 1979 oil crisis, causing another tripling in the oil price. Oil production started from the Argyll & Duncan Oilfields (now the Ardmore) in June 1975 followed by Forties Oil Field in November of that year. The inner Moray Firth Beatrice Field, a Jurassic sandstone/shale reservoir 1829 m deep in a "fault-bounded anticlinal trap", was discovered in 1976 with well 11/30-1, drilled by the Mesa Petroleum Group (named after T. Boone Pickens' wife Bea, "the only oil field in the North Sea named for a woman") in 49 m of water. Volatile weather conditions in

neg: Statfjord oil field safety authority. The accident happened in rough weather while the tanker "Navion Britannica" was loading oil from a storage buoy, according to the operator Equinor. Statfjord oil field The Statfjord oil field is an enormous oil and gas field covering 580 km in the U.K.-Norwegian boundary of the North Sea at a water depth of 145 m, discovered in 1974 by Mobil and since 1987 operated by Statoil. It is a trans-median field crossing the Norwegian and UK North Sea Boundary with approximately 15% being in the UK Continental Shelf waters. At peak production it produced over of oil per

neg: Sea Gem to blame for the collapse. Sea Gem The Sea Gem was the first British offshore oil rig, and the first British offshore rig disaster when in 1965, the rig's legs collapsed, killing 13 of the crew. In the early 1960s, oil companies had found some crude oil in Great Britain, as well as in the Netherlands and Germany, and suspected that there was more to be found under the North Sea. Unfortunately there were some barriers that had to be overcome before it was to be possible to search for oil and gas. First of all, there had been no

neg: Sea Gem Sea Gem The Sea Gem was the first British offshore oil rig, and the first British offshore rig disaster when in 1965, the rig's legs collapsed, killing 13 of the crew. In the early 1960s, oil companies had found some crude oil in Great Britain, as well as in the Netherlands and Germany, and suspected that there was more to be found under the North Sea. Unfortunately there were some barriers that had to be overcome before it was to be possible to search for oil and gas. First of all, there had been no international agreements that addressed the

neg: Statfjord oil field it wasn't until the April 1974 Mobil well 33/12-1, on the Norwegian side, that oil was discovered in 160 m of Brent Formation. A second well "established an oil-water contact at 2584 m subsea" and a third well discovered a 127 m oil column in the Statfjord Formation with an oil-water contact 2806 m subsea. In December 2007, thousands of tonnes of oil were spilled into the North Sea during the loading of a tanker at the Statfjord oil field. The spill, estimated at 21,750 barrels (approx 3,000 metric tons), was the country's second largest ever, according to Norway's oil

neg: Newmont Mining Corporation a mining company with its first gold product in by acquiring California's Empire Star Mine. By 1939, Newmont was operating 12 gold mines in North America. The company acquired interests overseas. For decades around the middle of the 20th century, Newmont had a controlling interest in the Tsumeb mine in Namibia and in the O'Okiep Copper Company in Namaqualand, South Africa. Beginning in 1925, Newmont acquired interests in a Texas oil field. Eventually, Newmont's oil interests included more than 70 blocks in the Louisiana, Gulf of Mexico area and oil and gas production in the North Sea. Newmont discovered the

neg: Statfjord oil field Statfjord oil field The Statfjord oil field is an enormous oil and gas field covering 580 km in the U.K.-Norwegian boundary of the North Sea at a water depth of 145 m, discovered in 1974 by Mobil and since 1987 operated by Statoil. It is a trans-median field crossing the Norwegian and UK North Sea Boundary with approximately 15% being in the UK Continental Shelf waters. At peak production it produced over of oil per day. Oil is loaded offshore and taken directly to refineries; gas is transported via the Statpipe pipeline to mainland Norway. The Statfjord field has three

neg: Forties Oil Field the field and found a further , extending the field's life by at least twenty years, making the investment by Apache a very profitable one. Although they lost out on producing the additional reserves directly, retaining the Forties pipeline system allows BP to profit from Apache's exploration investments without needing to invest anything itself. Forties Oil Field The Forties Oil Field is the largest oil field in the UK sector of the North Sea, 110 miles east of Aberdeen. It was discovered in 1970 and first produced oil in 1975 under ownership of British Petroleum, now called BP. BP had

neg: Oseberg oil field Oseberg oil field Oseberg () is an offshore oil field with a gas cap in the North Sea located northwest of the city of Bergen on the southwestern coast of Norway. The field, which is 25 km long by 7 km wide, was discovered in 1979 and its development is known to be one of the significant milestones in emergence of Norway's independent oil and gas industry. The Oseberg field was named after Oseberg ship, one of Norway's most significant archeological discoveries. The ancient Viking ship from the early 9th century was discovered in a 1904 historical excavation of a

neg: Tambar oil field operated by BP. BP holds 46.2%, while DONG Energyholds 43.24%, Talisman Energy - 9.76%, Norske AEDC AS (NAEDC) - 0.8%. Tambar oil field Tambar () is an offshore oil field located in the southern Norwegian section of North Sea along with Ula and Gyda fields making up the UGT area, usually attributed to DONG Energy's main areas of exploration and production activity. The Ula field was discovered in 1983 and came online in 2001. Tambar was discovered in 1983 and became operational in July 2001. It contains confirmed 46.9 million m of oil. BP is the operator of the field

neg: Yme field Yme field Yme is an oil field in the Egersund basin area in the central part of the North Sea. It is located northeast of the Ekofisk oil field. The water depth is . The field was discovered in 1987 and was developed by Statoil with production from 1996 to 2001. In 2001 low oil prices led to the abandonment of the field. After the production license was relinquished by Statoil, a new license group led by Talisman Energy was formed to redevelop the field. In 2007 Talisman was granted permission to redevelop the field, this marked the first time

neg: Alaska North Slope Alaska North Slope The Alaska North Slope is the region of the U.S. state of Alaska located on the northern slope of the Brooks Range along the coast of two marginal seas of the Arctic Ocean, the Chukchi Sea being on the western side of Point Barrow, and the Beaufort Sea on the eastern. The Alaska North Slope region includes the National Petroleum Reserve–Alaska, with the bulk of Alaska's known petroleum until the Prudhoe Bay Oil Field was discovered in 1968, followed by the Kuparuk River oil field in 1969. The region also includes the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, which

neg: Oseberg South Oseberg South Oseberg South () is an offshore oil field in the North Sea, located from the coastline and south of Oseberg Oil Field. Oseberg Sør was discovered in 1984. The field was developed with a fixed production, drilling and quarters (PDQ) facility and is operated by Statoil. The first stage phase processing is done at the Oseberg Øst platform. The second and third phase processing of oil is done at the Oseberg Field Center and it is then transported to Sture terminal in Norway through the Oseberg Transport System. The development of the Oseberg Sør was approved in 1977.

neg: The blob (Chukchi Sea algae) having undergone some level of decomposition. The blob (Chukchi Sea algae) The blob was the name given to a large black algae bloom that was first spotted floating in the Chukchi Sea between the Alaskan cities of Wainwright and Utqiaġvik in July 2009. The mass was first discovered by a civilian boat from Wainwright, and was reported to the U.S. Coast Guard for concerns that it could've been an oil spill. Analysis of samples taken by the North Slope Borough government and sent to a lab in Anchorage determined that it was a type of marine alga. The mass was

neg: Territorial disputes in the South China Sea On 27 March 1984, the first Philippine oil company discovered an oil field off Palawan, which is an island province bordering the South China Sea and the Sulu Sea. These oil fields supply 15% of annual oil consumption in the Philippines. Vietnam and Japan reached an agreement early in 1978 on the development of oil in the South China Sea. By 2012 Vietnam had concluded some 60 oil and gas exploration and production contracts with various foreign companies. In 1986, the "White Tiger" oil field in the South China Sea came into operation, producing over 2,000 tons of crude oil

neg: Oseberg South consists of ten accumulations within Jurassic sandstones, all in separate structures. The reservoirs lie at a depth of . Production lifetime is estimated at 20 years. It is believed to contain a total of of recoverable oil and up to of recoverable gas. Oseberg South Oseberg South () is an offshore oil field in the North Sea, located from the coastline and south of Oseberg Oil Field. Oseberg Sør was discovered in 1984. The field was developed with a fixed production, drilling and quarters (PDQ) facility and is operated by Statoil. The first stage phase processing is done at the

neg: Panarctic Oils was probably Canada's largest gas field. Over the next three years came other large gas fields in the islands. These and later discoveries established reserves of of dry, sweet natural gas. The company also discovered oil - on the islands at Bent Horn and Cape Allison, offshore at Cisco and Skate. Exploration moved offshore when Panarctic began drilling wells from "ice islands" - not really islands, but platforms of thickened ice created in winter by pumping sea water on the polar ice pack. Oil was discovered in 1974 at Bent Horn N-72, the first well drilled on Cameron Island. In

neg: Heidrun oil field Heidrun oil field The Heidrun oil field is an oil and gas field discovered in 1985 in the Norwegian sector of the Norwegian Sea, named after the goat Heiðrún from Norse mythology. The field lies north of Kristiansund. It has produced oil and gas since October 1995. In 2013, it produced 65,000 bbl of oil per day and 760 million cubic meters of natural gas. The crude oil is characterized as being naphthenic with 25.0 API (0.9043 g/cm), 0.52% sulfur, and a high TAN (Total Acid Number) of 2.90. The Heidrun field is located on Haltenbanken in the Norwegian Sea

neg: Long Forties The Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, which reported weather for this area until 2005, also used the name Fladen. The Norwegian forecast for the fisheries uses the term Fladen Grunn. The Forties Oil Field is the largest oil field in the North Sea, 110 miles east of Aberdeen. It was discovered in 1970 and first produced oil in 1975 under ownership of British Petroleum, now called BP. The Forties Formation consists of a lower Shale Member and an upper Sandstone Member, which were deposited in a "middle and lower submarine fan environment". The initial development plan included a "complete replacement

neg: North Sea of the region, and the proximity of important markets in western Europe has made the North Sea an important oil producing region. The largest single humanitarian catastrophe in the North Sea oil industry was the destruction of the offshore oil platform Piper Alpha in 1988 in which 167 people lost their lives. Besides the Ekofisk oil field, the Statfjord oil field is also notable as it was the cause of the first pipeline to span the Norwegian trench. The largest natural gas field in the North Sea, Troll gas field, lies in the Norwegian trench dropping over requiring the construction

neg: Northstar Island to prevent problems with the unique undersea pipeline employed by the project in the Beaufort Sea. Northstar Island Northstar Island is a artificial island in the Beaufort Sea, northwest of Prudhoe Bay, Alaska and north of the Alaska coast. The island was created to develop the Northstar Oil Pool, which is located approximately below the seabed. The oil pool was discovered on January 30, 1984 by Royal Dutch Shell. A small artificial island was built at the site to house an exploration oil well. After additional exploration, Alaska International Construction began construction of the island in the winter of 1999–2000.

neg: Daryl Seaman in Canada. Bow Valley's largest discovery came in early 1975 when they struck oil in the North Sea off the coast of Scotland. Wanting to expand internationally, Seaman had in April 1971 acquired Syracuse Oil Company, a British company run by Angus MacKenzie. Joining with two Norwegian companies Bow Valley constructed the semi-submersible it named the "Odin Drill". Bow Valley was third in line drilling in the region, and both previous companies' wells had come up dry. Beginning drilling in September 1974 and taking eight months, Bow Valley discovered a massive field which flowed 22,000 barrels a day. Named the

neg: Bouri Field Bouri Field The Bouri Offshore Field is part of Block NC-41, which is located north of the Libyan coast in the Mediterranean Sea. It was first discovered in 1976 at a depth of and is estimated to contain in proven recoverable crude oil reserves and of associated natural gas with an annual production potential of 6 billion m³. Bouri is considered the largest producing oilfield in the Mediterranean. In 1974, the Italian oil company Eni S.p.A signed a Production sharing agreement (PSA) awarded by the state-owned National Oil Corporation (NOC) of Libya for onshore and offshore exploration in areas near

neg: North Sea of the enormous Troll A platform to access it. The price of Brent Crude, one of the first types of oil extracted from the North Sea, is used today as a standard price for comparison for crude oil from the rest of the world. The North Sea contains western Europe's largest oil and natural gas reserves and is one of the world's key non-OPEC producing regions. In the UK sector of the North Sea, the oil industry invested £14.4 billion in 2013, and was on track to spend £13 billion in 2014. Industry body Oil & Gas UK put the

neg: Anglia gas field are First Oil (32.8%), Dana Petroleum 25%, and DEA AG (12.2%). Anglia gas field The Anglia gas field, is a natural gas field in the United Kingdom's continental shelf of the Southern North Sea. It is located in blocks 48/18 and 48/19 at a depth of approximately subsea. The field was discovered in February 1972. Detailed seismic and appraisal well work were conducted in 1984. Original partners were Ranger Oil (operator, 35.628%), Conoco (31.25%), Elf Oil and Gas (16.46%), Amerada Hess (12.83%), and Triton Resources (3.832%). In December 2010, Ithaca Energy became operator of the Anglia field by acquiring 30%

neg: Maritime history of the United Kingdom and could carry 1,950 tons of oil. By 1961 the typical tanker was around 80,000 tons which grew to over 100,000 tons by 1967 and to over 250,000 tons by 1973. By 1965 BP had 170 tankers. The gas fields in the North Sea have been in production since the 1960s while oil was discovered off Scotland in 1975. This led to the development of several support bases in Scotland. Platform construction has declined since 1985. The imminent decline of North Sea gas has led to the construction of liquid gas tankers and import facilities at Milford Haven. There have

neg: Tengiz Field Tengiz Field Tengiz field (Tengiz is Turkic for "sea") is an oil field located in northwestern Kazakhstan's low-lying wetlands along the northeast shores of the Caspian Sea. It covers a project license area which also includes a smaller Korolev field as well as several exploratory prospects. Sizewise, Tengiz reservoir is wide and long Discovered in 1979, Tengiz oil field is one of the largest discoveries in recent history. The city of Atyrau, north of Tengiz, is the main transport hub of Tengiz oil. Many nations are involved in a large geopolitical competition to secure access to this source of oil.

neg: Ventura County, California The well struck oil at 2558 feet (780 m) but was destroyed when it went wild. Other wells met a similar fate, until 1916, when a deal was struck with the Shell Oil Company. 1916 was the year the large South Mountain Oil Field was discovered, and other deals followed with General Petroleum in 1917 and Associated Oil Company in 1920. At its peak, the largest oil field in the county, the Ventura Avenue oilfield, discovered in 1919 in the hills north of Ventura, was producing of oil a day, with annual production of over a million and a half

neg: Dyspanopeus sayi Wales (United Kingdom) in 1960, and the scientist who reported it, E. Naylor, believed there was "no doubt" that the species had arrived through trans-Atlantic shipping. The first record from the Mediterranean Sea was made in 1993, when the species was discovered in the Venetian Lagoon (north-eastern Italy), although it is thought to have been living there since the late 1970s. In 2007, "D. sayi" was recorded from the North Sea coast of the Netherlands. It was discovered in the Black Sea in 2010, living in Constanța harbour (Romania), and in the Ebro delta of the Balearic Sea (western Mediterranean

neg: Cairn Energy the annual general meeting on 15 May 2014. The Catcher and Kraken development in the North Sea, both of which achieved first oil in 2017. Cairn's business operations are now focused on frontier exploration acreage in Senegal, Norway and the United Kingdom as well as Africa and the Mediterranean. Cairn Energy Cairn Energy PLC is one of Europe's leading independent oil and gas exploration and development companies and is listed on the London Stock Exchange. Cairn has discovered and developed oil and gas reserves in a variety of locations around the world. Cairn Energy has a primary listing on the

neg: Amethyst gasfield Amethyst gasfield Amethyst is a natural gas field in the Southern North Sea, about east of the Yorkshire coast. Gas lies in a Permian sandstone reservoir around below the seabed. The gasfield is operated by BP. The gasfield was discovered in 1972 and it was named after HMS "Amethyst". Between 1972 and 1985 a number of appraisal wells were drilled. The field development started in 1988 and the first gas was produced in 1991. Originally, the field was owned by BP, Enterprise Oil, British Gas, ARCO, Murphy Oil, Amerada Hess, and FINA. In 1997, BP acquired the interest of Enterprise

neg: Stavanger Hetland (population: 831) was moved to Stavanger. In the 1960s, the work of the Schei Committee pushed for many municipal mergers across Norway. As a result of this, on 1 January 1965, the city of Stavanger (population: 51,470) was merged with the neighboring municipalities of Madla (population: 6,025) and most of Hetland (population: 20,861). The city's history is a continuous alternation between economic booms and recessions. In 1969, a new boom started as oil was first discovered in the North Sea. After much discussion, Stavanger was chosen to be the on-shore center for the oil industry on the Norwegian sector

neg: History of Scotland more service-based economy. The discovery of the giant Forties oilfield in October 1970 signalled that Scotland was about to become a major oil producing nation, a view confirmed when Shell Expro discovered the giant Brent oilfield in the northern North Sea east of Shetland in 1971. Oil production started from the Argyll field (now Ardmore) in June 1975, followed by Forties in November of that year. Deindustrialisation took place rapidly in the 1970s and 1980s, as most of the traditional industries drastically shrank or were completely closed down. A new service-oriented economy emerged to replace traditional heavy industries. This included

neg: Tullow Oil Tullow Oil Tullow Oil plc is a multinational oil and gas exploration company founded in Tullow, Ireland with its headquarters in London, United Kingdom. It has interests in over 150 licenses across 25 countries with 67 producing fields and in 2012 produced on average 79,200 barrels of oil equivalent per day. Its largest activities are in Africa and the Atlantic Margins, where it has discovered new oil provinces in Ghana, Uganda, Kenya and French Guiana. Tullow's main production comes from six countries in Africa as well as the Southern North Sea and Asia. Ghana's offshore Jubilee oil field which was

neg: Gyda Oil Field production license was extended to 2018. Several new wells are currently being drilled. The produced oil is transported by a pipeline to Ekofisk oil field and on to Teesside for refining. Gyda Oil Field Gyda () is an offshore oil field located in the southern Norwegian section of North Sea along with Ula, Tambar and Tambar East fields making up the UGT area, usually attributed to DONG Energy's main areas of exploration and production activity. The Gyda field was discovered in 1980 and started producing on June 21, 1990. The field contains confirmed 39.6 million m of oil and 6.6

neg: Oil and gas industry in the United Kingdom oil at Hardstoft in Derbyshire. The country’s oil resources were nationalised by the Petroleum (Production) Act 1934, and a fresh attempt was made to find oil on the UK mainland. The outbreak of World War II accelerated this search and led to a number of wells being drilled, primarily around Eakring in the East Midlands. In the 1950s, the focus turned to southern England where oil was discovered in the Triassic Sherwood Sands formation at , followed by the development of the Wytch Farm oilfield. The link between onshore and offshore oil in the North Sea was made after the

neg: Economy of Norway gas reserves in the North Sea. The first oil field was Ekofisk, produced of crude in 1980. Since then, large natural gas reserves have also been discovered. Against the backdrop of the Norwegian referendum to not join the European Union, the Norwegian Ministry of Industry, headed by Ola Skjåk Bræk moved quickly to establish a national energy policy. Norway decided to stay out of OPEC, keep its own energy prices in line with world markets, and spend the revenue – known as the "currency gift" – wisely. The Norwegian government established its own oil company, Statoil, and awarded drilling and

neg: Hutton oilfield decommissioning in 2006. The topsides were removed in 2009. Reconversion d’une plate-forme offshore, la TLP Hutton by Pierre Fuentes, École Nationale Supérieure d'Architecture de Lille, 2003. Hutton oilfield The Hutton oil field, located on the UK continental shelf, was the location for the first ever production Tension Leg Platform (TLP). The Hutton oil field is situated in the East Shetland Basin in the UK North Sea on the western side of the Viking Graben. It straddles UK Blocks 211/27 and 211/28. The field was discovered in July 1973 by the Conoco well 211/28-la and was operated by Conoco (UK) Limited.

neg: Terror of the Zygons planet was destroyed. The Fourth Doctor, Sarah Jane Smith and Harry Sullivan arrive via the TARDIS in Scotland near the North Sea where Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart and U.N.I.T. are investigating the destruction of oil rigs. The survivors' assertion that the rigs were destroyed by a huge sea creature is corroborated by giant teeth marks in the wreckage. During their investigation, Harry is captured by the Zygons, a shape-shifting alien race hiding in their submerged spacecraft. Their leader, Broton, tells Harry that their spaceship had sustained damage and landed on Earth centuries ago to await rescue, but when they discovered that their

neg: Hutton oilfield Hutton oilfield The Hutton oil field, located on the UK continental shelf, was the location for the first ever production Tension Leg Platform (TLP). The Hutton oil field is situated in the East Shetland Basin in the UK North Sea on the western side of the Viking Graben. It straddles UK Blocks 211/27 and 211/28. The field was discovered in July 1973 by the Conoco well 211/28-la and was operated by Conoco (UK) Limited. The field is named after James Hutton, an eighteenth century geologist, known as the father of geology. The structure comprises a series of southwesterly dipping tilted

neg: Hutton oilfield the Cromarty Firth, Scotland. The North West Hutton field is located 130km north-east of the Shetland Islands in Block 211/27a in the UK North Sea. The water depth is 143m. The field was discovered in 1975 by the Amoco Group and the installation was operated by Amoco (UK) Exploration Company, the field had total estimated reserves of 487 million barrels of oil equivalent (boe). The North West Hutton steel jacket platform was installed in 1981 and production began in 1983. The topsides were designed by McDermot Engineering. The plant had a capacity of 50,000 barrels of oil per day and

neg: Lundin Petroleum holds over 60 licences. The majority are exploration licences and about ten percent are producing fields. Core areas are the Utsira High and Alvheim in the North Sea and the Loppa High in the southern Barents Sea. In 2010, Lundin Petroleum discovered the Johan Sverdrup oil field, one of the largest oil discoveries ever made on the Norwegian continental shelf. Resources are estimated to between 2.0 and 3.0 billion barrels of oil equivalent. At peak production level, gross production from Johan Sverdrup is expected to be over 660,000 bopd which will represent around 25 percent of all Norwegian petroleum production

neg: Ilaje time already operating in the Local Government Area. However, crude oil was first discovered at Araromi Sea-side in 1908 and later at Ogogoro in 1952 even before it was discovered in River State in 1956. recently, the disputed on shore Oil wells formerly credited to Delta state have just been returned to Ondo State. They are as follows: Opuekepa, Omuro, Ojumole, MAlu, Eko, Parabe, Minna, Bella, Obe, Esan, Ewa, Opolo, Opuama and Isekelwu oil fields. Bitumen which will soon become the second world mineral resources after Crude Oil is found in large quantity in Ilaje Local Government Area e.g. Mahintedo,

neg: Safaniya Oil Field window. Safaniya Oil Field Safaniya Oil Field (), operated and owned by Saudi Aramco, is the largest offshore oil field in the world. It is located about north of the company headquarters in Dhahran on the coast of the Persian Gulf, Saudi Arabia. Measuring , the field has a producing capability of more than . The oil field was discovered in 1951. It is considered the largest offshore oil field in the world. When it was first put in production in 1957, it flowed of crude oil from 18 wells. At the beginning of 1962 it possessed the facilities to

neg: Safaniya Oil Field Safaniya Oil Field Safaniya Oil Field (), operated and owned by Saudi Aramco, is the largest offshore oil field in the world. It is located about north of the company headquarters in Dhahran on the coast of the Persian Gulf, Saudi Arabia. Measuring , the field has a producing capability of more than . The oil field was discovered in 1951. It is considered the largest offshore oil field in the world. When it was first put in production in 1957, it flowed of crude oil from 18 wells. At the beginning of 1962 it possessed the facilities to handle

neg: Wood Mackenzie report from the company in 2005 it was discovered that Bangladesh will fail to meet natural gas demands by 2023. In 2007 a report from the company on the Alberta oil sands said "higher royalties will have the biggest impact on high-cost, low-margin projects" this sparked what has been described as a "furious debate" within the oil industry. Detailed History: 1973: North Sea Service, Wood Mackenzie's first industry research offering, was launched 1986: Wood Mackenzie purchased by Hill Samuel, the UK merchant bank, with successive ownership by NatWest and Bankers Trust 1999: Bankers Trust (including Wood Mackenzie) purchased by Deutsche

neg: Shengli Oil Field Shengli Oil Field The Shengli Oil Field () is the second-largest oil field in the People's Republic of China, with daily production of approximately . It is located in the Yellow River delta, in the north of Shandong province bordering Bohai Sea. Its main working area covers 28 counties under the jurisdiction of eight prefecture level cities in Shandong Province, namely Dongying, Binzhou, Dezhou, Jinan, Weifang, Zibo, Liaocheng and Yantai. The major production area lies on both sides of the Yellow River Mouth. The field was discovered in 1961 and its development began in 1964. It has accumulated proven oil

neg: 1980s oil glut Oil Field entered peak production, supplying 2 million bpd of crude oil in 1988, 25 percent of all U.S. oil production. Phillips Petroleum discovered oil in the Chalk Group at Ekofisk, in Norwegian waters in the central North Sea. Discoveries increased exponentially in the 1970s and 1980s, and new fields were developed throughout the continental shelf. From 1980 to 1986, OPEC decreased oil production several times and nearly in half, in an attempt to maintain oil's high prices. However, it failed to hold on to its preeminent position, and by 1981, its production was surpassed by non-OPEC countries. OPEC had

neg: Blane oil field Blane oil field Blane () is an offshore oil field located in the southern Norwegian and northern British sectors of North Sea. The Blane facilities are located on the British continental shelf and are tied to the Ula field which is located to the northeast via subsea pipeline. The field was discovered in 1989 and produces high quality oil. Talisman Energy (UK) Limited is the operator with 25.002% of interest in the project. Other partners include Roc Oil Company Limited (12.501%), MOC Exploration (UK) (13.994%), Eni UK Limited (13.897%), Eni ULX Limited (4.105%), Dana Petroleum (BVUK) Limited (12.501%), Talisman Energy

neg: North Sea Shelf established country rights largely divided along the median line. The median line is defined as the line "every point of which is equidistant from the nearest points of the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea of each State is measured." The ocean floor border between Germany, the Netherlands, and Denmark was only reapportioned after protracted negotiations and a judgement of the International Court of Justice. As early as 1859, oil was discovered in onshore areas around the North Sea and natural gas as early as 1910. Onshore resources, for example the K12-B field in the Netherlands

neg: Bouri Field Djefarra-Pelagian. In addition to Bouris, other major fields located in the province are the Ashtart and Sidi el Itayem fields. Bouri Field The Bouri Offshore Field is part of Block NC-41, which is located north of the Libyan coast in the Mediterranean Sea. It was first discovered in 1976 at a depth of and is estimated to contain in proven recoverable crude oil reserves and of associated natural gas with an annual production potential of 6 billion m³. Bouri is considered the largest producing oilfield in the Mediterranean. In 1974, the Italian oil company Eni S.p.A signed a Production sharing

neg: Gulf Canada the North Sea, Indonesia, and Australia; Consumer's Gas Company Ltd., a major gas distribution utility; and the largest ownership stake in Interprovincial Pipeline Ltd.. In a complex battle of hostile takeover attempts, "white knight" defenses, and legal action involving GCC, HWR, Allied Lyons, Elders IXL, and TransCanada Pipelines on three continents, GCC was ultimately successful in purchasing HWR. HWR's liquor distillation business was later sold to Allied Lyons. In 1986, GCC discovered the largest oil field then discovered in the Beaufort Sea and a few months later shut its operations there because of the high cost of operating in the

neg: Hemigrapsus takanoi was predicted in 1999 that "H. takanoi" would spread across much of the North Sea and western parts of the Baltic Sea. This was later confirmed, with first documnented records in the Dutch Wadden Sea in 2004, in the German Wadden Sea in 2007 and the Danish Wadden Sea in 2011. Its northward spread along the western coast of Jutland has continued, it now also being present in the Limfjord. It was first confirmed in Great Britain in 2014 when discovered on the southeastern coast at the Medway Estuary. The first record in the Baltic region was in 2014 when

neg: Gyda Oil Field Gyda Oil Field Gyda () is an offshore oil field located in the southern Norwegian section of North Sea along with Ula, Tambar and Tambar East fields making up the UGT area, usually attributed to DONG Energy's main areas of exploration and production activity. The Gyda field was discovered in 1980 and started producing on June 21, 1990. The field contains confirmed 39.6 million m of oil and 6.6 billion cubic meter of natural gas. Talisman Energy is the operator of the field with 61% of interest in the project. The full share was bought by Talisman Energy in 2003

neg: Oselvar oil field Oselvar oil field Oselvar () is an offshore oil field located southwest of Stavanger in the southern Norwegian section of North Sea, close to the British border. Oselvar was discovered in 1991. The field is also at distance from Ula field to which it is tied up to via subsea pipeline. Estimated reserves at Oselvar stand at 38 million barrels of oil and of natural gas. The water depth at location is . Dong Energy is the operator of the field with 40% of interest in the project. Production License 274 which covers the area of the field was given

neg: Mariner oilfield Mariner oilfield The Mariner oilfield is located in the United Kingdom sector of the North Sea, about east of the Shetland Islands, Scotland, in block 9/11a. It was discovered in 1981 at a depth of about below sea level. Water depth in the area is about . Estimated recovery is at least of oil. As of December 2012 the operator, Statoil, has made the investment decision and final approval of the field development plan by the UK authorities is in progress. The plan envisages a production, drilling and quarters platform based on a conventional steel jacket, exporting oil via a

neg: Economy of Norway the field of macroeconomics during this era. When Norway became a petroleum-exporting country, the economic effects came under further study. In May 1963, Norway asserted sovereign rights over natural resources in its sector of the North Sea. Exploration started on 19 July 1966, when Ocean Traveler drilled its first well. Oil was first encountered at the Balder oil field at flank of the Utsira High, about 190 km west of Stavanger, in 1967. Initial exploration was fruitless, until Ocean Viking found oil on 21 August 1969. By the end of 1969, it was clear that there were large oil and

neg: North Sea oil of gas in 1999. (1 tonne of crude oil converts to 7.5 barrels). The Danish explorations of Cenozoic stratigraphy, undertaken in the 1990s, showed petroleum-rich reserves in the northern Danish sector, especially the Central Graben area. The Dutch area of the North Sea followed through with onshore and offshore gas exploration, and well creation. Exact figures are debatable, because methods of estimating reserves vary and it is often difficult to forecast future discoveries. When it peaked in 1999, production of North Sea oil was nearly 950,000 m³ (6 million barrels) per day. Natural gas production was nearly 280×10 m³ (10

neg: Northstar Island Northstar Island Northstar Island is a artificial island in the Beaufort Sea, northwest of Prudhoe Bay, Alaska and north of the Alaska coast. The island was created to develop the Northstar Oil Pool, which is located approximately below the seabed. The oil pool was discovered on January 30, 1984 by Royal Dutch Shell. A small artificial island was built at the site to house an exploration oil well. After additional exploration, Alaska International Construction began construction of the island in the winter of 1999–2000. A standard oil-drilling platform, such as those used in the Gulf of Mexico, was not feasible

neg: Valhall oil field The steel jacket for the PH platform was installed in June 2009, with the main deck and living quarters module added in July 2010 and the power from shore module becoming operational in June 2011. Production from the PH platform commenced in January 2013 and is expected to reach 65,000 barrels of oil a day. Norwegian Petroleum Directorate: Facts 2012 - Valhall Valhall oil field Valhall is an oil field in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea. Discovered in 1975, production began in 1982 and is expected to continue until 2050. Valhall is located in 70 metres of water.

neg: Thistle oil field that the Thistle platform will be operable to 2025 and beyond. In order to achieve this, a series of major activities have started including initiatives to provide reliable power, improve structural and topsides integrity, upgrade safety and control systems and simplify the platform oil and production and water treatment processes. These activities are scheduled to run from 2012 to 2015, dependent upon receipt of the UK Government support through the Brown Field Allowance (BFA). Thistle oil field The Thistle oil field is a large oil field in the Northern sector of the North Sea. The oil field, discovered in September

neg: Shengli Oil Field of reserves of 4.63 billion tonnes. Shengli Oil Field The Shengli Oil Field () is the second-largest oil field in the People's Republic of China, with daily production of approximately . It is located in the Yellow River delta, in the north of Shandong province bordering Bohai Sea. Its main working area covers 28 counties under the jurisdiction of eight prefecture level cities in Shandong Province, namely Dongying, Binzhou, Dezhou, Jinan, Weifang, Zibo, Liaocheng and Yantai. The major production area lies on both sides of the Yellow River Mouth. The field was discovered in 1961 and its development began in

neg: Gullfaks oil field Gullfaks oil field Gullfaks is an oil and gas field in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea operated by Statoil. It was discovered in 1978, in block 34/10, at a water depth of 130-230 meters. The initial recoverable reserve is , and the remaining recoverable reserve in 2004 is . This oil field reached peak production in 2001 at . It has satellite fields Gullfaks South, Rimfaks, Skinfaks and Gullveig. The project consists of three production platforms Gullfaks A (1986), Gullfaks B (1988), and Gullfaks C (1989). Gullfaks C sits below the waterline. The height of the total structure

neg: Ula oil field Ula oil field Ula () is an offshore oil field located in the southern Norwegian section of North Sea along with Gyda, Tambar and Tambar East fields making up the UGT area, usually attributed to DONG Energy's main areas of exploration and production activity. The Ula field was discovered in 1976 and came online in October 1986. It contains confirmed 69.98 million m of oil and 2.5 million of NGL. AkerBP is the operator of the field with 80% of interest in the project. AkerBP's partner DONG Energy holds 20% of interest. DONG Energy increased its initial share of 5%

neg: Buchan Oil Field Buchan Oil Field The Buchan oil field is a small oil field with small gas reserves in the central North Sea. It lies in an area known as the South Halibut Basin, approximately northeast of Aberdeen, Scotland, and is located mainly in license block 21/1A, extending into block 20/5A(E). The field was discovered in August 1974, two years after the issue date for those blocks. It is named after the town of Buchan N.E. Scotland. Buchan was initially considered a very risky field, both commercially and operationally, and was expected to be finished with after five years. The field's geology

neg: Sarir field Sarir field The Sarir Field was discovered in southern Cyrenaica during 1961 and is considered to be the largest oil field in Libya, with estimated oil reserves of . Sarir is operated by the Arabian Gulf Oil Company (AGOCO), a subsidiary of the state-owned National Oil Corporation (NOC). The Sarir field or, more specifically, Sarir C is on west edge of the Calanscio Sand Sea at the southeast margin of the Sirte Basin. Sarir C, which is part of a three-field complex, is 56 km long and 40 km wide covering 378 km². To its north is Sarir L, covering

neg: Maersk Oil the operation of the Dansk Undergrunds Consortium's fields in the Danish section of the North Sea. On August 31, 2015, the UK Oil And Gas Authority approved a consortium headed by Maersk Oil going ahead with production at the Culzean oil and gas field about 150 miles southeast of Aberdeen, Scotland in the North Sea. The high pressure, high temperature field held the equivalent of about 300 million barrels of oil and, when it reached peak production in 2020 or 2021, was expected to produce enough gas to meet 5% of the UK's needs. Maersk Oil said that it and

neg: BP worst corporations based on instances of misconduct. In December 1965, Britain's first oil rig, Sea Gem, capsized when two of the legs collapsed during an operation to move it to a new location. The oil rig had been hastily converted in an effort to quickly start drilling operations after the North Sea was opened for exploration. Thirteen crew members were killed. No hydrocarbons were released in the accident. The former Amoco oil refinery at Texas City, Texas was beset by environmental issues, including chemical leaks and a 2005 explosion that killed 15 people and injured hundreds. "Bloomberg News" described the

neg: Buchan Oil Field weakness within the installation. It could, technically, go on for years but it is extremely unlikely that this will be allowed. Buchan Oil Field The Buchan oil field is a small oil field with small gas reserves in the central North Sea. It lies in an area known as the South Halibut Basin, approximately northeast of Aberdeen, Scotland, and is located mainly in license block 21/1A, extending into block 20/5A(E). The field was discovered in August 1974, two years after the issue date for those blocks. It is named after the town of Buchan N.E. Scotland. Buchan was initially considered

neg: Noxal oil field Pemex, a Mexican petroleum company, began their first deepwater research and discovered Noxal and Lakach. Noxal, located in the Catemaco Folded Belt, was the first ever deepwater oil well found by Pemex. The news about this discovery went public in 2006. When tests were conducted at four different intervals, they confirmed the well was indeed filled with natural gas, containing 10 billion barrels of oil. After the success of the Noxal oil field, Pemex drilled into the second oil field it discovered, Lakach. Noxal and Lakach are just a few of many oil fields that have been discovered and ready

neg: Kinsale Head gas field Kinsale Head gas field The Kinsale Head gas field is an offshore natural gas field off the southern coast of Ireland discovered in 1973 near Old Head of Kinsale, in the Celtic Sea and met Ireland's gas need until 1996. The gas field is located in a water depth of 100 metres and 1,000 metres below the seabed. Marathon Oil's Irish subsidiary Marathon Petroleum Ireland Ltd., started exploring for oil off the south coast of Ireland and in 1971 instead of finding oil, gas was found off the Old Head of Kinsale by the drill ship "Glomar North Sea" The

neg: Oil and gas industry in New Zealand first oil well in what is now the Commonwealth and one of the first in the world. A petroleum industry developed at Moturoa, including producing wells and refineries. The last refinery there was closed in 1972. The field continues to produce small quantities of oil. The Kapuni gas field in South Taranaki was discovered in 1959 and brought into production in 1970. The North Island natural gas network started operating in 1970, initially supplying Kapuni gas to Auckland, Hamilton, New Plymouth, Wanganui, Palmerston North and Wellington. The off-shore Maui field was discovered in 1969 and brought into production in 1978.