query: when did they find the wreck of the edmund fitzgerald

pos: SS Edmund Fitzgerald equipped to detect magnetic anomalies usually associated with submarines, found the wreck on November 14, 1975. "Edmund Fitzgerald" lay about west of Deadman's Cove, Ontario, from the entrance to Whitefish Bay to the southeast, in Canadian waters close to the international boundary at a depth of . A further November 14–16 survey by the USCG using a side scan sonar revealed two large objects lying close together on the lake floor. The U.S. Navy also contracted Seaward, Inc., to conduct a second survey between November 22 and 25. From May 20 to 28, 1976, the U.S. Navy dived the wreck

pos: SS Edmund Fitzgerald equipped to detect magnetic anomalies usually associated with submarines, found the wreck on November 14, 1975. "Edmund Fitzgerald" lay about west of Deadman's Cove, Ontario, from the entrance to Whitefish Bay to the southeast, in Canadian waters close to the international boundary at a depth of . A further November 14–16 survey by the USCG using a side scan sonar revealed two large objects lying close together on the lake floor. The U.S. Navy also contracted Seaward, Inc., to conduct a second survey between November 22 and 25. From May 20 to 28, 1976, the U.S. Navy dived the wreck

neg: SS Edmund Fitzgerald can in "Edmund Fitzgerald"s pilothouse. That same year, Terrence Tysall and Mike Zee set multiple records when they used trimix gas to scuba dive to "Edmund Fitzgerald". The pair are the only people known to have touched the "Edmund Fitzgerald" wreck. They also set records for the deepest scuba dive on the Great Lakes and the deepest shipwreck dive, and were the first divers to reach "Edmund Fitzgerald" without the aid of a submersible. It took six minutes to reach the wreck, six minutes to survey it, and three hours to resurface to avoid decompression sickness, also known as "the

neg: The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald Gross wanted to use the song for the "Due South" episode "Mountie on the Bounty". Lightfoot agreed, but only if Gross gained approval from the families of all the men who lost their lives in the wreck. Gross and Jay Semko instead created a song about a fictional shipwreck on the Great Lakes—"32 Down on the "Robert McKenzie"". NRBQ frequently performed "The Wreck of the "Edmund Fitzgerald"" live, though in a less than serious manner. Video shows vocalist Terry Adams, reading from a lyrics sheet, chuckling as his voice cracks, while audience members throw debris at the stage. They did

neg: SS Edmund Fitzgerald that the extent of taconite coverage over the wreck site showed that the stern had floated on the surface for a short time and spilled taconite into the forward section; thus the two sections of the wreck did not sink at the same time. The 1994 Shannon team found that the stern and the bow were apart, leading Shannon to conclude that "Edmund Fitzgerald" broke up on the surface. He said: The stress fracture theory was supported by the testimony of former crewmen. Former Second Mate Richard Orgel, who served on "Edmund Fitzgerald" in 1972 and 1973, testified that "the

neg: SS Edmund Fitzgerald that the notes and video obtained during the dives did not provide an explanation why "Edmund Fitzgerald" sank. The same year, longtime sport diver Fred Shannon formed Deepquest Ltd., and organized a privately funded dive to the wreck of "Edmund Fitzgerald", using Delta Oceanographic's submersible, "Delta." Deepquest Ltd. conducted seven dives and took more than 42 hours of underwater video while Shannon set the record for the longest submersible dive to "Edmund Fitzgerald" at 211 minutes. Prior to conducting the dives, Shannon studied NOAA navigational charts and found that the international boundary had changed three times before its publication by

neg: The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald William Warren Jr, was performed by Julia Ecklar on the 1983 album "Minus Ten and Counting". The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald "The Wreck of the "Edmund Fitzgerald"" is a song written, composed, and performed by Canadian singer-songwriter Gordon Lightfoot to commemorate the sinking of the bulk carrier SS "Edmund Fitzgerald" on Lake Superior on November 10, 1975. Lightfoot drew his inspiration from "Newsweek" article on the event, "The Cruelest Month", which it published in its November 24, 1975, issue. Lightfoot considers this song to be his finest work. Appearing originally on Lightfoot's 1976 album "Summertime Dream", the single version

neg: The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald "The Wreck of the "Edmund Fitzgerald"" is a song written, composed, and performed by Canadian singer-songwriter Gordon Lightfoot to commemorate the sinking of the bulk carrier SS "Edmund Fitzgerald" on Lake Superior on November 10, 1975. Lightfoot drew his inspiration from "Newsweek" article on the event, "The Cruelest Month", which it published in its November 24, 1975, issue. Lightfoot considers this song to be his finest work. Appearing originally on Lightfoot's 1976 album "Summertime Dream", the single version hit number 1 in his native Canada (in the "RPM" national singles survey) on November 20,

neg: SS Edmund Fitzgerald that the life ring was not from "Edmund Fitzgerald", but had been lost by the owner, whose father had made it as a personal memorial. The Royal Canadian Mint commemorated "Edmund Fitzgerald" in 2015 with a colored silver collector coin, with a face value of $20. In 1976, Ontario singer-songwriter Gordon Lightfoot wrote, composed, and recorded the song "The Wreck of the "Edmund Fitzgerald"" for his album "Summertime Dream." On NPR's "Saturday Morning Edition" on February 14, 2015, Gordon Lightfoot said he was inspired to write the song when he saw the name misspelled "Edmond" in "Newsweek" magazine two weeks

neg: Edmund B. Fitzgerald and was the namesake for the Great Lakes freighter "SS Edmund Fitzgerald", popularized in the 1976 song "The Wreck of the "Edmund Fitzgerald"" by Gordon Lightfoot. His grandfather, William E. Fitzgerald (1859–1901), was a famous shipbuilder, and his maternal grandfather Frank R. Bacon co-founded Cutler-Hammer. Edmund B. Fitzgerald Edmund Bacon Fitzgerald (1926 – August 28, 2013) was an American business executive from Wisconsin and was a key figure in bringing major league baseball back to Milwaukee in the form of the Milwaukee Brewers in 1970. Fitzgerald was born in 1926 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He attended the Milwaukee Country Day School,

neg: Witch of November Witch of November The Witch of November, or November Witch, refers to the strong winds that frequently blow across the Great Lakes in autumn. The "witches" are caused by intense low atmospheric pressure over the Great Lakes pulling cold Canadian/Arctic air from the north or northwest and warm Gulf air from the south. When these cold and warm air masses collide, they can result in hurricane force winds that stir up large waves on the lakes. Gordon Lightfoot's song "The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald" makes reference to the Witch of November: the storm that wrecked the "Edmund Fitzgerald" was

neg: Lake Superior the body, causing it to float to the surface after a few days. However, Lake Superior's water is cold enough year-round to inhibit bacterial growth, and bodies tend to sink and never resurface. This is alluded to in Lightfoot's "The Wreck of the "Edmund Fitzgerald"" ballad. "Fitzgerald" adventurer Joe MacInnis reported that, in July 1994, explorer Frederick Shannon's Expedition 94 to the wreck of "Edmund Fitzgerald" discovered and filmed a man's body near the port side of her pilothouse, not far from the open door, "fully clothed, wearing an orange life jacket, and lying face down in the sediment." Over

neg: SS Edmund Fitzgerald National Geographic Society used a segment in a broadcast. Frederick Stonehouse, who wrote one of the first books on the "Edmund Fitzgerald" wreck, moderated a 1990 panel review of the video that drew no conclusions about the cause of "Edmund Fitzgerald"s sinking. Canadian explorer Joseph B. MacInnis organized and led six publicly funded dives to "Edmund Fitzgerald" over a three-day period in 1994. Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution provided "Edwin A. Link" as the support vessel, and their manned submersible, "Celia." The GLSHS paid $10,000 for three of its members to each join a dive and take still pictures. MacInnis concluded

neg: SS Edmund Fitzgerald on display in the Steamship Valley Camp museum in Sault Ste. Marie, include two lifeboats, photos, a movie of "Edmund Fitzgerald" and commemorative models and paintings. Every November 10, the Split Rock Lighthouse in Silver Bay, Minnesota emits a light in honor of "Edmund Fitzgerald." On August 8, 2007, along a remote shore of Lake Superior on the Keweenaw Peninsula, a Michigan family discovered a lone life-saving ring that appeared to have come from "Edmund Fitzgerald". It bore markings different from those of rings found at the wreck site, and was thought to be a hoax. Later it was determined

neg: Mariners' Church those who have lost their lives at sea. The church's bell tolled 29 times in November 1975 to mourn the loss of the freighter "Edmund Fitzgerald"; once for each of her 29 crew members. The church continued to hold an annual memorial, reading the names of the crewmen and ringing the church bell until 2006. The church is mentioned in Gordon Lightfoot's song "The Wreck of the "Edmund Fitzgerald"", which goes: "In a musty old hall in Detroit, they prayed in the Maritime Sailors' Cathedral. The church bell chimed 'til it rang 29 times for each man on the "Edmund

neg: SS Edmund Fitzgerald and made a groaning sound not heard on other ships. NTSB investigators noted that "Edmund Fitzgerald"s prior groundings could have caused undetected damage that led to major structural failure during the storm, since Great Lakes vessels were normally drydocked for inspection only once every five years. It was also alleged that when compared to "Edmund Fitzgerald"s previous captain, McSorley did not keep up with routine maintenance and did not confront the mates about getting the requisite work done. After August B. Herbel, Jr., president of the American Society for Testing and Materials, examined photographs of the welds on "Edmund Fitzgerald",

neg: '76 (comics) comic listing the sports games and songs playing during the period so as to provide a backdrop and soundtrack of sorts to the stories. Peck notes this as well, pointing out that one of his characters, Peter Walker, uses the alias of "Edmund Fitzgerald", an homage to the Gordon Lightfoot song, "The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald", which turns into a running joke, as the mob figures chasing after him ask around town for the whereabouts of "Edmund Fitzgerald". Moore states that making comics is "very much like making movies with no budget limitations", and notes that "this comic is

neg: SS Edmund Fitzgerald within a designated radius around protected sites. Conducting any of those activities without a license would result in fine of up to . On the basis of the amended law, to protect wreck sites considered "watery graves", the Ontario government issued updated regulations in January 2006, including an area with a radius around "Edmund Fitzgerald" and other specifically designated marine archeological sites. In 2009, a further amendment to the "Ontario Heritage Act" imposed licensing requirements on any type of surveying device. Extreme weather and sea conditions play a role in all of the published theories regarding "Edmund Fitzgerald"s sinking, but

neg: Summertime Dream hours of the SS "Edmund Fitzgerald" which had sunk on Lake Superior in November 1975. The song remains popular to this day and has been credited with making the sinking of the "Edmund Fitzgerald" the most famous maritime incident in the history of the Great Lakes. "The Wreck of the "Edmund Fitzgerald"" reached #1 in Canada on November 20, 1976. In the US, it peaked at #2 on the pop chart and #50 on the country chart while "Race Among the Ruins" peaked at #65 on the pop chart. All songs composed by Gordon Lightfoot. Summertime Dream Summertime Dream is

neg: The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald this to mock the song, not as a serious cover version. The song "Back Home in Derry", with lyrics by Bobby Sands of the Provisional Irish Republican Army, was set to the tune of "The Wreck of the "Edmund Fitzgerald"". The song, which is about the penal transportation of Irishmen in the 19th century to Van Diemen's Land (modern day Tasmania), was first recorded by Christy Moore on his 1984 album "Ride On", and has since been covered by a number of Irish artists. A filk adaptation of the song called "The Ballad of Apollo XIII," with new lyrics by

neg: SS Edmund Fitzgerald M. Anderson" said, "We are holding our own." Her crew of 29 perished, and no bodies were recovered. The exact cause of the sinking remains unknown, though many books, studies, and expeditions have examined it. "Edmund Fitzgerald" may have been swamped, suffered structural failure or topside damage, been shoaled, or suffered from a combination of these. The disaster is one of the best-known in the history of Great Lakes shipping. Gordon Lightfoot made it the subject of his 1976 hit song "The Wreck of the "Edmund Fitzgerald"" after reading an article, "The Cruelest Month", in the November 24, 1975, issue

neg: SS Edmund Fitzgerald stern bent downward and the midsection raised by the shoal, pulling the railing tight until the cables dislodged or tore under the strain. Divers searched the Six Fathom Shoal after the wreck occurred and found no evidence of "a recent collision or grounding anywhere." Maritime authors Bishop and Stonehouse wrote that the shoaling theory was later challenged on the basis of the higher quality of detail in Shannon's 1994 photography that "explicitly show[s] the devastation of the "Edmund Fitzgerald"". Shannon's photography of "Edmund Fitzgerald"s overturned stern showed "no evidence on the bottom of the stern, the propeller or the rudder

neg: Great Lakes Shipwreck Museum salvage of the bell from the wreck of the SS "Edmund Fitzgerald". Experts at Michigan State University spent hundreds of hours conserving the bell and applying a protective coating. GLSHS's decision to have the protective coating stripped off and the bell shined was controversial. The bell became the centerpiece in the Great Lakes Shipwreck Museum as a memorial to the "Fitzgerald" crewmembers and all lost mariners. The GLSHS was involved in controversy again when it announced plans to take the "Fitzgerald" bell on a touring exhibition. GLSHS dropped its effort after family members of the "Fitzgerald" crew objected to using

neg: CURV when it was used to survey the wreck of the "SS Edmund Fitzgerald". Its mother ship was USCGC "Woodrush" and logistics support was provided by USCG "Point Steel". CURV-III logged twelve dives in of water with more than 56 hours of bottom time. The dives produced 43,000 feet of videotape and 895 still photographs. The CURV-III underwater survey confirmed that the "Fitzgerald" was well beyond normal commercial salvage. Observers of the survey concluded that there was more damage to the "Fitzgerald" than expected but were unable to determine the cause of its foundering. Although operators of CURV-III were fully prepared

neg: SS Edmund Fitzgerald reading the names of the crewmen and ringing the church bell, until 2006 when the church broadened its memorial ceremony to commemorate all lives lost on the Great Lakes. The ship's bell was recovered from the wreck on July 4, 1995. A replica engraved with the names of the 29 sailors who lost their lives replaced the original on the wreck. A legal document signed by 46 relatives of the deceased, officials of the Mariners' Church of Detroit and the Great Lakes Shipwreck Historic Society (GLSHS) "donated the custodian and conservatorship" of the bell to the GLSHS "to be incorporated

neg: Mahogany Ship 1981, 1987 and 2005, attracting significant public and academic interest and the contributions of Manning Clark, Barry Jones, Kenneth McIntyre, Lawrence Fitzgerald, Ian McKiggan, Bill Richardson, Edmund Gill, Jack Loney and many others. While there is no conclusive evidence such a wreck exists today, nineteenth-century accounts of the relic persist both in popular folklore and in publications of varying academic rigour. In the 1980s and 1990s, writers Jack Loney and Ian McKiggan documented the accounts of a number of purported nineteenth century eyewitnesses to the wreck. While these were of varying degrees of detail, they indicate a strong local tradition

neg: Gordon Lightfoot were substantially based on facts in the article. It reached number two on the United States "Billboard" chart and was a number one hit in Canada. Lightfoot appeared at several 25th anniversary memorial services of the sinking, and continues personal contact with the family members of the men who perished in the "Edmund Fitzgerald." "Sundown" and "The Wreck of the "Edmund Fitzgerald"" continue to receive heavy airplay on many classic rock stations. In 1978, Lightfoot had another top 40 hit on the United States Hot 100, a re-recorded version of "The Circle Is Small (I Can See It in Your

neg: SS Edmund Fitzgerald bends." Under the "Ontario Heritage Act", activities on registered archeological sites require a license. In March 2005, the Whitefish Point Preservation Society accused the Great Lakes Shipwreck Historical Society (GLSHS) of conducting an unauthorized dive to "Edmund Fitzgerald". Although the director of the GLSHS admitted to conducting a sonar scan of the wreck in 2002, he denied such a survey required a license at the time it was carried out. An April 2005 amendment to the "Ontario Heritage Act" allows the Ontario government to impose a license requirement on dives, the operation of submersibles, side scan sonars or underwater cameras

neg: SS Edmund Fitzgerald at least temporarily. The July 26, 1977, USCG Marine Casualty Report suggested that the accident was caused by ineffective hatch closures. The report concluded that these devices failed to prevent waves from inundating the cargo hold. The flooding occurred gradually and probably imperceptibly throughout the final day, finally resulting in a fatal loss of buoyancy and stability. As a result, "Edmund Fitzgerald" plummeted to the bottom without warning. Video footage of the wreck site showed that most of her hatch clamps were in perfect condition. The USCG Marine board concluded that the few damaged clamps were probably the only ones

neg: SS Yarmouth Castle his album "Summertime Dream", which included the song "The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald," based on the sinking of the American-flagged Great Lakes freighter "Edmund Fitzgerald" in an early November gale in 1975. SS Yarmouth Castle SS "Yarmouth Castle" was an American steamship whose loss in a disastrous fire in 1965 prompted new laws regarding safety at sea. She was built in 1927 by the William Cramp & Sons Ship and Engine Building Company in Philadelphia. She was christened "Evangeline" and renamed "Yarmouth Castle" in 1964. The ship was 365 feet long and measured 5,002 gross tons. Her sister ship,

neg: The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald album "Melville." In 1995, two decades after Lightfoot's original song was written, singer-songwriter Camille West recorded a parody song with a similar rhythm titled "The Nervous Wreck of Edna Fitzgerald", about a well-to-do family's disastrous day at sea. She recorded and released it on her album "Mother Tongue" (subtitled "Maternal Madness, Month by Month") that year. Ten years later, after she had joined the band Four Bitchin' Babes, she and the band performed the song live, prefacing it with the comment, "With apologies to Gordon Lightfoot." It was included on their album of that year, "Gabby Road". Executive producer Paul

neg: SS Edmund Fitzgerald were done. He stated, "After that, trust me, when a gale came up we dropped the hook [anchor]. We dropped the hook because they found out the big ones could sink." Mark Thompson wrote, "Since the loss of the "Fitz," some captains may be more prone to go to anchor, rather than venturing out in a severe storm, but there are still too many who like to portray themselves as 'heavy weather sailors.'" The day after the wreck, Mariners' Church in Detroit rang its bell 29 times; once for each life lost. The church continued to hold an annual memorial,

neg: Rock music of Canada Who" lead singer Burton Cummings emerged as a popular solo artist in soft rock. Also notable is folk rocker Gordon Lightfoot's "The Wreck of the "Edmund Fitzgerald"", a song written in commemoration of the sinking of the bulk carrier SS "Edmund Fitzgerald" on Lake Superior on 10 November 1975. The incident is the most famous disaster in the history of Great Lakes shipping. The single reached #2 on the Billboard pop charts in November 1976, making it Lightfoot's second most successful (in terms of chart position) single, with "Sundown" having reached number one in 1974. Another of this period's most

neg: SS Edmund Fitzgerald Fitzgerald" was designed to carry. Concerns regarding "Edmund Fitzgerald"s keel-welding problem surfaced during the time the USCG started increasing her load line. This increase and the resultant reduction in freeboard decreased the vessel's critical reserve buoyancy. Prior to the load-line increases she was said to be a "good riding ship" but afterwards "Edmund Fitzgerald" became a sluggish ship with slower response and recovery times. Captain McSorley said he did not like the action of a ship he described as a "wiggling thing" that scared him. "Edmund Fitzgerald"s bow hooked to one side or the other in heavy seas without recovering

neg: George Francis Lyon reference point for their own observations. He married Lucy Louisa, younger daughter of the Irish revolutionary Lord Edward Fitzgerald, on 5 September 1825. They had a daughter, Lucy Pamela Sophia Lyon, born in September 1826. Lucy Louisa Lyon died that same month, while her husband was away in Mexico. He did not find out about her death until he landed at Holyhead, having survived the wreck of the ship bringing him home. His daughter went on to marry Rev. Thomas Ovens in 1849, had three children, and died in 1904. He published at least three books about his adventures: George

neg: SS Edmund Fitzgerald with bulk cargo. The Marine Board noted that because "Edmund Fitzgerald" lacked a draft-reading system, the crew had no way to determine whether the vessel had lost freeboard (the level of a ship's deck above the water). The USCG increased "Edmund Fitzgerald"s load line in 1969, 1971, and 1973 to allow less minimum freeboard than "Edmund Fitzgerald"s original design allowed in 1958. This meant that "Edmund Fitzgerald"s deck was only above the water when she faced waves during the November 10 storm. Captain Paquette of "Wilfred Sykes" noted that this change allowed loading to 4,000 tons more than what "Edmund

neg: SS Edmund Fitzgerald Fitzgerald" completed nine days of sea trials. Northwestern Mutual's normal practice was to purchase ships for operation by other companies. In "Edmund Fitzgerald"s case, they signed a 25-year contract with Oglebay Norton Corporation to operate the vessel. Oglebay Norton immediately designated "Edmund Fitzgerald" the flagship of its Columbia Transportation fleet. "Edmund Fitzgerald" was a record-setting workhorse, often beating her own milestones. The vessel's record load for a single trip was in 1969. For 17 years, "Edmund Fitzgerald" carried taconite from Minnesota's Iron Range mines near Duluth, Minnesota, to iron works in Detroit, Toledo, and other ports. She set seasonal haul

neg: SS Edmund Fitzgerald When Elizabeth Fitzgerald, wife of Edmund Fitzgerald, tried to christen the ship by smashing a champagne bottle over the bow, it took her three attempts to break it. A delay of 36 minutes followed while the shipyard crew struggled to release the keel blocks. Upon sideways launch, the ship created a large wave that "doused" the spectators and then crashed into a pier before righting herself. One man watching the launching had a heart attack and later died. Other witnesses later said they swore the ship was "trying to climb right out of the water". On September 22, 1958, "Edmund

neg: Lake Superior (pronounced as "gitchi-gami" and "kitchi-gami" in other dialects), meaning "great sea." Henry Wadsworth Longfellow wrote the name as "Gitche Gumee" in The Song of Hiawatha, as did Gordon Lightfoot in his song, "The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald". According to other sources, the actual Ojibwe name is "Ojibwe Gichigami" ("Ojibwe's Great Sea") or "Anishinaabe Gichigami" ("Anishinaabe's Great Sea"). The 1878 dictionary by Father Frederic Baraga, the first one written for the Ojibway language, gives the Ojibwe name as Otchipwe-kitchi-gami (reflecting "Ojibwe Gichigami"). The first French explorers approaching the great inland sea by way of the Ottawa River and Lake Huron

neg: SS Edmund Fitzgerald M. Anderson," which was travelling at a constant , but the faster "Edmund Fitzgerald" pulled ahead at about 3:00 a.m. As the storm center passed over the ships, they experienced shifting winds, with wind speeds temporarily dropping as wind direction changed from northeast to south and then northwest. After 1:50 p.m., when "Arthur M. Anderson" logged winds of , wind speeds again picked up rapidly and it began to snow at 2:45 p.m., reducing visibility; "Arthur M. Anderson" lost sight of "Edmund Fitzgerald", which was about ahead at the time. Shortly after 3:30 p.m., Captain McSorley radioed "Arthur M. Anderson"

neg: SS Edmund Fitzgerald unusual. Freshwater ships were built to last more than half a century, and "Edmund Fitzgerald" should still have had a long career ahead of her when she sank. "Edmund Fitzgerald" left Superior, Wisconsin, at 2:15 p.m. on the afternoon of November 9, 1975, under the command of Captain Ernest M. McSorley. She was en route to the steel mill on Zug Island, near Detroit, Michigan, with a cargo of of taconite ore pellets and soon reached her full speed of . Around 5 p.m., "Edmund Fitzgerald" joined a second freighter under the command of Captain Jesse B. "Bernie" Cooper, ,

neg: SS Edmund Fitzgerald SS Edmund Fitzgerald SS "Edmund Fitzgerald" was an American Great Lakes freighter that sank in a Lake Superior storm on November 10, 1975, with the loss of the entire crew of 29. When launched on June 7, 1958, she was the largest ship on North America's Great Lakes, and she remains the largest to have sunk there. For 17 years, "Edmund Fitzgerald" carried taconite iron ore from mines near Duluth, Minnesota, to iron works in Detroit, Toledo, and other Great Lakes ports. As a workhorse, she set seasonal haul records six times, often breaking her own previous record. Captain Peter

neg: SS Edmund Fitzgerald it public domain and subject to commercialization. A "cottage industry" has evolved across the Great Lakes region from Two Harbors, Minnesota, to Whitefish Point, the incident's "ground zero". Memorabilia on sale include Christmas ornaments, T-shirts, coffee mugs, "Edmund Fitzgerald" Porter, videos, and other items commemorating the vessel and its loss. SS Edmund Fitzgerald SS "Edmund Fitzgerald" was an American Great Lakes freighter that sank in a Lake Superior storm on November 10, 1975, with the loss of the entire crew of 29. When launched on June 7, 1958, she was the largest ship on North America's Great Lakes, and she

neg: Rheostatics of 1988, and shortly thereafter the Rheostatics broke up. During the hiatus, Bidini and Clark played a number of shows as supporting musicians for the recently reunited Three O'Clock Train. However, by 1990 the band reunited with exactly the same line-up they had in mid-1988: Bidini, Clark, Tielli and Vesely. In 1991, the band signed to the independent label Intrepid Records, and released "Melville" that year. The single "Record Body Count" garnered them significant airplay on radio and MuchMusic. The album also featured an enigmatic cover of Gordon Lightfoot's "The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald". The following year, the band

neg: SS Edmund Fitzgerald offered by the lake's north shore in order to avoid the worst effects of the storm. The crew of "Wilfred Sykes" followed the radio conversations between "Edmund Fitzgerald" and "Arthur M. Anderson" during the first part of their trip and overheard their captains deciding to take the regular Lake Carriers' Association downbound route. The NWS altered its forecast at 7:00 p.m., issuing gale warnings for the whole of Lake Superior. "Arthur M. Anderson" and "Edmund Fitzgerald" altered course northward seeking shelter along the Ontario coast where they encountered a winter storm at 1:00 a.m. on November 10. "Edmund Fitzgerald" reported

neg: SS Edmund Fitzgerald "Edmund Fitzgerald" on her radar either. Despite repeated attempts to raise the USCG, Cooper was not successful until 7:54 p.m. when the officer on duty asked him to keep watch for a boat lost in the area. At about 8:25 p.m., Cooper again called the USCG to express his concern about "Edmund Fitzgerald" and at 9:03 p.m. reported her missing. Petty Officer Philip Branch later testified, "I considered it serious, but at the time it was not urgent." Lacking appropriate search-and-rescue vessels to respond to "Edmund Fitzgerald"s disaster, at approximately 9:00 p.m., the USCG asked "Arthur M. Anderson" to turn

neg: SS Edmund Fitzgerald sent two divers from in the first manned submersible dive to "Edmund Fitzgerald". The dive was brief, and although the dive team drew no final conclusions, they speculated that "Edmund Fitzgerald" had broken up on the surface. The Michigan Sea Grant Program organized a three-day dive to survey "Edmund Fitzgerald" in 1989. The primary objective was to record 3-D videotape for use in museum educational programs and production of documentaries. The expedition used a towed survey system (TSS Mk1) and a self-propelled, tethered, free swimming remotely operated underwater vehicle (ROV). The Mini Rover ROV was equipped with miniature stereoscopic cameras

neg: Great Lakes Engineering Works witness the event that marked the first new "maximum seaway-size" freighter on the Lakes. The "Fitzgerald" arguably became the most famous shipwreck in the history of Great Lakes shipping, made legendary by Gordon Lightfoot's popular ballad, the "Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald". The war years not only saw the construction but also the destruction of vessels. During World War I, the "SS Vacuum" (Hull # 99, Ecorse yard) commissioned by Ocean Freight Cargo Ship in 1912 as the "SS Bayamon" was sunk by German torpedo April 28, 1917 near Scotland. The "SS Gratangen" (Hull #156, Ashtabula) commissioned by Corona Coa

neg: KBKB-FM of the current HIGH/LOW Cash value. If the caller failed to guess correctly, the announcer would say if the amount was too low or too high. This would give future callers a better range of amounts to guess. The prize amounts were generally small (under $100), but would garner considerable attention and interest. When KBKB made its debut with its soft rock format, ABBA's "Fernando" and Gordon Lightfoot's "The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald" were current hits that received a lot of airplay on the new radio station. In the mid-80s, under the guidance of Music Directors (Tim Brown, Russ

neg: The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald Bruce Springsteen and Jimi Hendrix, was later torn down and replaced by a parking lot. The song was the first commercial early digital multi-track recording tracked on the prototype 3M 32-track digital recorder, a novel technology for the time. Pee Wee Charles and Terry Clements came up with "the haunting guitar and steel riffs" on a "second take" during the evening session. "Lightfoot cleared the studio and killed all the lights save the one illuminating his parchment of scribbled words" when recording his vocal part. The Canadian art-rock group The Rheostatics recorded a version of the song for their 1991

neg: Weezer (2008 album) third track and first single, was written by Cuomo as a reaction to a meeting with Geffen where the band was told it needed to record more-commercial material. "Heart Songs" is about all the artists and records that have influenced Cuomo from Gordon Lightfoot's "The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald" when he was 5 years old to Nirvana's "Nevermind" in his early 20s. The song misidentifies the cover of "I Think We're Alone Now" as being by Debbie Gibson instead of Tiffany, an error that was brought to Cuomo's attention while recording. Cuomo opted to keep the error in due

neg: SS Edmund Fitzgerald two porters, a cadet and a steward. Most of the crew was from Ohio and Wisconsin; their ages ranged from 20-year-old watchman Karl A. Peckol to Captain McSorley, 63 years old and planning his retirement. "Edmund Fitzgerald" is among the largest and best-known vessels lost on the Great Lakes but she is not alone on the Lake Superior seabed in that area. In the years between 1816, when "Invincible" was lost, and 1975, when "Edmund Fitzgerald" sank, the Whitefish Point area had claimed at least 240 ships. A U.S. Navy Lockheed P-3 Orion aircraft, piloted by Lt. George Conner and

neg: The Edmund Fitzgerald (band) bands rather than their finished product. The band split in 2005, following the departure of Simon, who chose not to pursue a musical career. They also claimed that things had become "too serious" and that they wanted to have more fun making music. This new desire resulted in the formation of Foals. The Edmund Fitzgerald (band) The Edmund Fitzgerald (formerly known as Elizabeth) were a math rock band from Oxford, England, who disbanded in 2005. Their final line-up consisted of Yannis Philippakis on lead guitar and vocals, Lina Simon on rhythm guitar, and Jack Bevan on drums. Philippakis and Bevan

neg: SS Edmund Fitzgerald of the design team that worked on the hull of "Edmund Fitzgerald", reviewed her increased load lines, maintenance history, along with the history of long ship hull failure and concluded that "Edmund Fitzgerald" was not seaworthy on November 10, 1975. He stated that planning "Edmund Fitzgerald" to be compatible with the constraints of the St. Lawrence Seaway had placed her hull design in a "." "Edmund Fitzgerald"s long-ship design was developed without the benefit of research, development, test, and evaluation principles while computerized analytical technology was not available at the time she was built. Ramsay noted that "Edmund Fitzgerald"s hull

neg: Eugenia Tucker Fitzgerald Fitzgerald was first married to Judge Arthur E. Cochran in Glynn County, Georgia on July 3, 1853, when she was 19 years old. They lived in Macon. The judge was a widower and had a son whom she helped rear until he was able to be on his own. Judge Cochran died in 1854. In 1862 she married Dr. Edmund Fitzgerald. He was a widower with a daughter, Caroline ("Carrie"). After Dr. Fitzgerald died in 1887, Fitzgerald and Carrie moved from Macon to Washington, D.C. There Carrie married Captain A. F. Lucas, a successful civil engineer in the oil industry.

neg: SS Edmund Fitzgerald of . The analysis further showed that the maximum sustained winds reached near hurricane force of about with gusts to at the time and location where "Edmund Fitzgerald" sank. A group of three rogue waves, often called "three sisters," was reported in the vicinity of "Edmund Fitzgerald" at the time she sank. The "three sisters" phenomenon is said to occur on Lake Superior as a result of a sequence of three rogue waves forming that are one-third larger than normal waves. When the first wave hits a ship's deck, before its water drains away the second wave strikes. The third

neg: SS Edmund Fitzgerald Lakes and covered more than a million miles, "a distance roughly equivalent to 44 trips around the world." Up until a few weeks before her loss, passengers had traveled on board as company guests. Frederick Stonehouse wrote: Because of her size, appearance, string of records, and "DJ captain," "Edmund Fitzgerald" became a favorite of boat watchers throughout her career. Although Captain Peter Pulcer was in command of "Edmund Fitzgerald" on trips when cargo records were set, "he is best remembered ... for piping music day or night over the ship's intercom system" while passing through the St. Clair and Detroit

neg: Guiding Light (2000–09) kidnapped by Grady Foley. Lizzie was rescued by Bill, and they were injured in a car accident fleeing the kidnapper (Grady). Bill fell into a coma and awoke to find that he was charged with the kidnapping. Alan, working with Grady, framed Bill in an attempt to wreck Bill and Lizzie's relationship. The charges were dropped when a warehouse containing evidence was burned in an apparent arson, but Bill and Lizzie broke up because Bill, who had not regained his memory of the kidnapping and ensuing accident, could not remember if he had actually kidnapped Lizzie. In 2009, Edmund, the

neg: SS Edmund Fitzgerald he stated, "the hull was just being held together with patching plates." Other questions were raised as to why the USCG did not discover and take corrective action in its pre-November 1975 inspection of "Edmund Fitzgerald" given that her hatch coamings, gaskets, and clamps were poorly maintained. On the fateful evening of November 10, 1975, McSorley reported he had never seen bigger seas in his life. Paquette, master of "Wilfred Sykes," out in the same storm, said, "I'll tell anyone that it was a "monster" sea washing solid water over the deck of every vessel out there." The USCG did

neg: SS Edmund Fitzgerald Queen of the Lakes until September 17, 1959, when the SS "Murray Bay" was launched. "Edmund Fitzgerald"s three central cargo holds were loaded through 21 watertight hatches, each of steel. Originally coal-fired, her boilers were converted to burn oil during the 1971–72 winter layup. In 1969, the ship's maneuverability was improved by the installation of a diesel-powered bow thruster. By ore freighter standards, the interior of "Edmund Fitzgerald" was luxurious. Her J.L. Hudson Company-designed furnishings included deep pile carpeting, tiled bathrooms, drapes over the portholes, and leather swivel chairs in the guest lounge. There were two guest state rooms for

neg: SS Edmund Fitzgerald when the vessel "unknowingly raked a reef" during the time the Whitefish Point light and radio beacon were not available as navigation aids. This theory was supported by a 1976 Canadian hydrographic survey, which disclosed that an unknown shoal ran a mile further east of Six Fathom Shoal than shown on the Canadian charts. Officers from "Arthur M. Anderson" observed that "Edmund Fitzgerald" sailed through this exact area. Conjecture by proponents of the Six Fathom Shoal theory concluded that "Edmund Fitzgerald"s downed fence rail reported by McSorley could occur only if the ship "hogged" during shoaling, with the bow and

neg: SS Edmund Fitzgerald ship had a tendency to bend and spring during storms 'like a diving board after somebody has jumped off. Orgel was quoted as saying that the loss of "Edmund Fitzgerald" was caused by hull failure, "pure and simple. I detected undue stress in the side tunnels by examining the white enamel paint, which will crack and splinter when submitted to severe stress." George H. "Red" Burgner, "Edmund Fitzgerald"s steward for ten seasons and winter ship-keeper for seven years, testified in a deposition that a "loose keel" contributed to the vessel's loss. Burgner further testified that "the keel and sister kelsons

neg: SS Edmund Fitzgerald of "Edmund Fitzgerald" on industry-wide complacency since it had inspected "Edmund Fitzgerald" just two weeks before she sank. The loss of "Edmund Fitzgerald" also exposed the USCG's lack of rescue capability on Lake Superior. Thompson said that ongoing budget cuts had limited the USCG's ability to perform its historical functions. He further noted that USCG rescue vessels were unlikely to reach the scene of an incident on Lake Superior or Lake Huron within 6 to 12 hours of its occurrence. Under maritime law, ships fall under the jurisdiction of the admiralty courts of their flag country. As "Edmund Fitzgerald" was

neg: SS Edmund Fitzgerald to report that "Edmund Fitzgerald" was taking on water and had lost two vent covers and a fence railing. The vessel had also developed a list. Two of "Edmund Fitzgerald"s six bilge pumps ran continuously to discharge shipped water. McSorley said that he would slow his ship down so that "Arthur M. Anderson" could close the gap between them. In a broadcast shortly afterward, the United States Coast Guard (USCG) warned all shipping that the Soo Locks had been closed and they should seek safe anchorage. Shortly after 4:10 p.m., McSorley called "Arthur M. Anderson" again to report a radar

neg: SS Edmund Fitzgerald Fitzgerald" joined a second freighter, . By the next day, the two ships were caught in a severe storm on Lake Superior, with near hurricane-force winds and waves up to high. Shortly after 7:10 p.m., "Edmund Fitzgerald" suddenly sank in Canadian (Ontario) waters deep, about from Whitefish Bay near the twin cities of Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, and Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario—a distance "Edmund Fitzgerald" could have covered in just over an hour at her top speed. Although "Edmund Fitzgerald" had reported being in difficulty earlier, no distress signals were sent before she sank; Captain McSorley's last message to "Arthur

neg: SS Jane Miller did not allow for the divers to enter, but Daniel reported seeing sixteen corpses inside the hull. Merryman admitted that he was unsure if they had seen any human remains, since the wreck is heavily encrusted with zebra mussels, making identification of any such remains very difficult. A subsequent investigation of the wreck by divers from the Ontario Provincial Police and Canadian Forces did not find any human remains. Despite this, the wreck of the "Jane Miller" has been designated a protected archaeological site under the Ontario Heritage Act, and Merryman has not released the exact position and depth of

neg: SS Edmund Fitzgerald in 1966 and did so again after the sinking of "Edmund Fitzgerald", arguing that this would allow ships to make it to refuge or at least allow crew members to abandon ship in an orderly fashion. The LCA represented the Great Lakes fleet owners and was able to forestall watertight subdivision regulations by arguing that this would cause economic hardship for vessel operators. A few vessel operators have built Great Lakes ships with watertight subdivisions in the cargo holds since 1975, but most vessels operating on the lakes cannot prevent flooding of the entire cargo hold area. A fathometer was

neg: SS Edmund Fitzgerald not required under USCG regulations, and "Edmund Fitzgerald" lacked one, even though fathometers were available at the time of her sinking. Instead, a hand line was the only method "Edmund Fitzgerald" had to take depth soundings. The hand line consisted of a piece of line knotted at measured intervals with a lead weight on the end. The line was thrown over the bow of the ship and the count of the knots measured the water depth. The NTSB investigation concluded that a fathometer would have provided "Edmund Fitzgerald" additional navigational data and made her less dependent on "Arthur M. Anderson"

neg: SS Edmund Fitzgerald due to structural failure of the hull and because the 1976 CURV III survey found "Edmund Fitzgerald"s sections were from each other, the USCG's formal casualty report of July 1977 concluded that she had separated upon hitting the lake floor. The NTSB came to the same conclusion as USCG because: Other authors have concluded that "Edmund Fitzgerald" most likely broke in two on the surface before sinking due to the intense waves, like the ore carriers and . After maritime historian Frederick Stonehouse moderated the panel reviewing the video footage from the 1989 ROV survey of "Edmund Fitzgerald", he concluded

neg: John Fitzedmund Fitzgerald whom he had two sons, Edmund and Richard, seven weeks old in 1589, and two daughters, Catherine and Eleanor. His son and heir, Edmund, at the time of his father's death being a year and a half old, was found by inquisition to be heir to Ballymartyr and other lands in County Cork, and was granted in wardship to Captain Moyle. He obtained livery of his lands on coming of age, and in 1647 defended Ballymartyr against his nephew, Murrough O'Brien, 1st Earl of Inchiquin, when the castle was burnt and himself outlawed. John Fitzedmund Fitzgerald John Fitzedmund Fitzgerald (died

neg: SS Edmund Fitzgerald computer studies, testing and analysis to determine the forces necessary to collapse the hatch covers and concluded that "Edmund Fitzgerald" sank suddenly from flooding of the cargo hold "due to the collapse of one or more of the hatch covers under the weight of giant boarding seas" instead of flooding gradually due to ineffective hatch closures. The NTSB dissenting opinion held that "Edmund Fitzgerald" sank suddenly and unexpectedly from shoaling. The LCA believed that instead of hatch cover leakage, the more probable cause of "Edmund Fitzgerald"s loss was shoaling or grounding in the Six Fathom Shoal northwest of Caribou Island

neg: SS Edmund Fitzgerald theory postulates that the "three sisters" compounded the twin problems of "Edmund Fitzgerald"s known list and her lower speed in heavy seas that already allowed water to remain on her deck for longer than usual. The ""Edmund Fitzgerald"" episode of the 2010 television series "Dive Detectives" features the wave-generating tank of the National Research Council's Institute for Naval Technology in St. John's, and the tank's simulation of the effect of a rogue wave upon a scale model of "Edmund Fitzgerald". The simulation indicated such a rogue wave could almost completely submerge the bow or stern of the ship with water,

neg: Summertime Dream Summertime Dream Summertime Dream is Canadian singer Gordon Lightfoot's twelfth original album, released on the Reprise Records label in 1976. It peaked at #1 on the Canadian "RPM" national album chart, and #12 on the US "Billboard" pop chart. The album marked Lightfoot's commercial zenith in a remarkable period of popularity which had begun with the 1970 hit, "If You Could Read My Mind". He would never again achieve the same level of commercial success. The album shot to popularity on the back of the haunting ballad, "The Wreck of the "Edmund Fitzgerald"", which told the story of the final

neg: Seawaymax carry. The record tonnage for one vessel on the Seaway is 28,502 tons of iron ore while the record through the larger locks of the Great Lakes Waterway is 72,351 tons. Most new lake vessels, however, are constructed to the Seawaymax limit to enhance versatility by allowing the possibility of off-Lakes use. SS "Edmund Fitzgerald", famous for her wreck in 1975, was the first ship constructed close to Seawaymax size. Seawaymax The term Seawaymax refers to vessels which are the maximum size that can fit through the canal locks of the St. Lawrence Seaway, linking the inland Great Lakes of

neg: SS Cedarville but in August 1965 changed his plea to guilty. His license was suspended for a year as a result of the inquiry. The wreck of "Cedarville" lies in the Straits of Mackinac Shipwreck Preserve in water around deep, although the highest point of the hull is around below the surface and the cabins of the ship are around underwater. Expert divers are able to enter the ship, as most parts remain fairly undamaged. The "Cedarville" is the fourth largest ship lost on the Great Lakes after the "Edmund Fitzgerald", "Daniel J. Morrell" and sister ship "Carl D. Bradley". SS Cedarville

neg: Bobby Sands Sing Your Lonely Song" and "One Day in My Life". Sands also wrote the lyrics of "Back Home in Derry" and "McIlhatton", which were both later recorded by Christy Moore, and "Sad Song For Susan", which was also later recorded. The melody of "Back Home in Derry" was borrowed from Gordon Lightfoot's 1976 song "The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald". The song itself is about the penal transportation of Irishmen in the 19th century to Van Diemen's Land (modern day Tasmania, Australia). Shortly after the beginning of the strike, Frank Maguire, the Independent Republican MP for Fermanagh and South Tyrone,

neg: Gordon Lightfoot twice on NBC's "The Midnight Special" series. "Carefree Highway" (about Arizona State Route 74 in Phoenix, Arizona) was the follow-up single from the same album. It charted in the Top 10 in both countries. Lightfoot wrote it after traveling from Flagstaff, Arizona on Interstate 17 to Phoenix. In late November of 1975, Lightfoot read a "Newsweek" magazine article about the loss of the , which sank on November 10, 1975, on Lake Superior during a severe storm with the loss of all 29 crew members. The lyrics in his song, "The Wreck of the "Edmund Fitzgerald"", released the following year,

neg: Todd Bratrud the "Send Help 2" Dunk, designed by Bratrud. Todd Bratrud Todd Bratrud is an illustrator and artist born in 1975 in Crookston, Minnesota, on the same day as the wreck of the S.S. Edmund Fitzgerald. He is the owner of Send Help skateboards, previously known as The High Five skateboards. He is currently living in Grand Forks, North Dakota. He lived in Minneapolis, Minnesota until he moved to Santa Cruz, California in 1999 to become the art director of Consolidated Skateboards. He has created hundreds of graphics for skateboards, stickers, advertisements and apparel for companies like Consolidated Skateboards, Flip Skateboards,

neg: Todd Bratrud Todd Bratrud Todd Bratrud is an illustrator and artist born in 1975 in Crookston, Minnesota, on the same day as the wreck of the S.S. Edmund Fitzgerald. He is the owner of Send Help skateboards, previously known as The High Five skateboards. He is currently living in Grand Forks, North Dakota. He lived in Minneapolis, Minnesota until he moved to Santa Cruz, California in 1999 to become the art director of Consolidated Skateboards. He has created hundreds of graphics for skateboards, stickers, advertisements and apparel for companies like Consolidated Skateboards, Flip Skateboards, Birdhouse Skateboards, Enjoi Skateboards, Black Label Skateboards, Creature

neg: SS Edmund Fitzgerald Michipicoten Island and Caribou Island in 1976. The survey revealed that the shoal ran about further east than shown on Canadian charts. The NTSB investigation concluded that, at the time of "Edmund Fitzgerald"s foundering, Lake Survey Chart No. 9 was not detailed enough to indicate Six Fathom Shoal as a hazard to navigation. Mark Thompson, a merchant seaman and author of numerous books on Great Lakes shipping, stated that if her cargo holds had had watertight subdivisions, "the "Edmund Fitzgerald" could have made it into Whitefish Bay." Frederick Stonehouse also held that the lack of watertight bulkheads caused "Edmund Fitzgerald"

neg: Atmospheric diving suit of an additional 48 hours. The Hardsuit was used to salvage the bell from the wreck of the SS "Edmund Fitzgerald" in 1995. The latest version of the Hardsuit designed by Oceanworks, the "Quantum 2", uses higher power commercially available ROV thrusters for better reliability and more power as well as an atmospheric monitoring system to monitor the environmental conditions in the cabin. A more recent design by Nuytten is the Exosuit, a relatively lightweight and low powered suit intended for marine research. The ADS 2000 was developed jointly with OceanWorks International and the US Navy in 1997, as an

neg: SS Edmund Fitzgerald passengers. Air conditioning extended to the crew quarters, which featured more amenities than usual. A large galley and fully stocked pantry supplied meals for two dining rooms. "Edmund Fitzgerald" pilothouse was outfitted with "state-of-the-art nautical equipment and a beautiful map room." Northwestern Mutual named the ship after its president and chairman of the board, Edmund Fitzgerald. Fitzgerald's own grandfather had himself been a lake captain, and his father owned the Milwaukee Drydock Company that built and repaired ships. More than 15,000 people attended "Edmund Fitzgerald"s christening and launch ceremony on June 7, 1958. But the event was plagued by misfortunes:

neg: Emory Kristof Emory Kristof Emory Kristof (born November 19, 1942) is an American photographer. His work has been published in "National Geographic Magazine" and elsewhere. Kristof has participated in multiple undersea expeditions with Canadian explorers Joseph MacInnis and Phil Nuytten, including the exploration of the "Breadalbane", the world's northernmost known shipwreck, and the 1995 expedition to recover the bell from the wreck of the SS "Edmund Fitzgerald". Nuytten also accompanied MacInnis and Russian explorer Anatoly Sagalevich on a descent 16,400 feet into King's Trough in the eastern North Atlantic aboard the submersible "Mir 1", and on the expedition which made the IMAX

neg: Emory Kristof film "Titanica". Emory Kristof Emory Kristof (born November 19, 1942) is an American photographer. His work has been published in "National Geographic Magazine" and elsewhere. Kristof has participated in multiple undersea expeditions with Canadian explorers Joseph MacInnis and Phil Nuytten, including the exploration of the "Breadalbane", the world's northernmost known shipwreck, and the 1995 expedition to recover the bell from the wreck of the SS "Edmund Fitzgerald". Nuytten also accompanied MacInnis and Russian explorer Anatoly Sagalevich on a descent 16,400 feet into King's Trough in the eastern North Atlantic aboard the submersible "Mir 1", and on the expedition which made

neg: Whitefish Point Light with a reduced range of as permitted by Coast Guard rules and regulations adopted in 2003 for private aids to navigation. The aerobeacon lens is stored in a building at the Great Lakes Shipwreck Museum complex for possible future public display. The lighthouse is home to the Great Lakes Shipwreck Museum, which has many artifacts from numerous shipwrecks in the Whitefish Point Underwater Preserve, most notably, the bell from the SS "Edmund Fitzgerald", which was recovered from the wreck in 1995. The Great Lakes Shipwreck Museum is open during the tourist season from 10 am to 6 pm, every day

neg: Edmund B. Fitzgerald Edmund B. Fitzgerald Edmund Bacon Fitzgerald (1926 – August 28, 2013) was an American business executive from Wisconsin and was a key figure in bringing major league baseball back to Milwaukee in the form of the Milwaukee Brewers in 1970. Fitzgerald was born in 1926 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He attended the Milwaukee Country Day School, the Deerfield Academy and the University of Michigan. He served in the United States Marine Corps from 1943 to 1946 and from 1950 to 1952. Fitzgerald served as chief executive officer of Cutler-Hammer, Inc. for 15 years. During the 1980s, he was chairman and CEO

neg: Marlborough (1876 ship) Burley claim was printed in 1940. Burley claimed to have been on the barque "Cordova" which he said was wrecked off Tierra del Fuego on 23 July 1890. The survivors attempted to reach Good Success Bay on Mitre Peninsula, and on the way passed the wreck of a barque named "Godiva". They did not see the "Marlborough", but did find a few miles south of the wreck of the "Godiva" a ships boat marked "Marborough of London" pulled up above the high tide mark. It was also claimed that they had found a tent made from sail canvas and 7

neg: Edmund Cooke (pirate) Edmund Cooke (pirate) Edmund Cooke (fl. 1673–1683, also named Edward / Edmond or Cook) was a merchant captain, buccaneer, and pirate. He is best known for sailing against the Spanish alongside Bartholomew Sharp, John Coxon, Basil Ringrose, Lionel Wafer, and other famous buccaneers. Cooke’s flag was red-and-yellow striped and featured a hand holding a sword. Cooke’s 130-ton merchant vessel "Virgin" was bound to Jamaica from London when Irish pirate Philip Fitzgerald, who was serving the Spanish in the Caribbean, seized it in May 1673. Fitzgerald accused Cooke of transporting logwood – which the Spanish considered contraband – and took the

neg: Edmund Butler, Earl of Carrick was created Earl of March, and the newly created John of Eltham, Earl of Cornwall), brother of King Edward III. In 1317, after suffering a military defeat in a rebellion led by Edward Bruce, brother of Robert Bruce, he was replaced as Justiciar by Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March. He married Joan FitzGerald in 1302, daughter of the John FitzGerald, 1st Earl of Kildare and together they had several children, the eldest of whom succeeded him as Chief Butler of Ireland but not as Earl of Carrick. Edmund Butler, Earl of Carrick Edmund Butler, Earl of Carrick and 6th

neg: North American Anglican Conference of Holy Orders, especially for the Episcopate." In November, 2009 four bishops of NAAC cooperated in the consecration of David Pressey as bishop suffragan of the Anglican Episcopal Church. The ceremony took place in Mariner's Church, Detroit, famous for its annual memorial services for seamen lost on the Great Lakes and for being referred to in Gordon Lightfoot's ballad about the wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald. The members of the North American Anglican Conference are the Anglican Episcopal Church, with parishes in California, Arizona, Nevada, Florida, and Alabama, and the Anglican Diocese of the Great Lakes which has parishes in

neg: History of underwater diving normal atmospheric pressure even at depths of over . Made of wrought aluminium, it had fully articulated joints so the diver can move more easily underwater. The life-support system provides 6–8 hours of air, with an emergency back-up supply of an additional 48 hours. The Newtsuit was used to salvage the bell from the wreck of the SS "Edmund Fitzgerald" in 1995. A more recent design by Nuytten is the Exosuit, a relatively lightweight suit intended for marine research. It was first used in 2014 at the Bluewater and Antikythera underwater research expeditions. The ADS 2000 was developed jointly with

neg: Christy Moore which reflects a left-wing, Irish republican perspective, despite the fact that his mother was a Fine Gael county councillor and parliamentary candidate in Kildare. He supported the republican H-Block protestors with the albums H-Block in 1978, the launch of which was raided by the police, and The Spirit of Freedom. He has also recorded songs by the hunger striker Bobby Sands, including "Back Home in Derry" which is based on Gordon Lightfoot's song "The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald". He ceased supporting the military activities of the IRA in 1987 as a result of the Enniskillen bombing. Political songs he

neg: Lake freighter by Gordon Lightfoot's song "The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald" in 1976), which sank on Lake Superior on November 10, 1975. "Fitz" was the first boat with a length of and the flagship of the Columbia Steamship Division of Oglebay Norton Co. MV "Stewart J. Cort" was the first of the oreboats. The first laker with self-unloading equipment was "Hennepin" (formerly "George H. Dyer") a small wooden laker that was refitted with the equipment in 1902. The first laker built as a self-unloader was "Wyandotte" launched in 1908. Before these, all boats were unloaded with shoreside equipment. Self-unloading equipment worked

neg: Gord's Gold lacking in similar compilations. Lightfoot's reasons for re-recording the United Artists tracks were explained in the liner notes as being because "he doesn't like listening to his early work". Despite covering only the first decade of his career (and lacking one of his biggest hit singles, "The Wreck of the "Edmund Fitzgerald"", which was recorded the following year), "Gord's Gold" has remained the most commercially popular Lightfoot compilation. In 1988 Lightfoot released a second volume, "Gord's Gold, Vol. 2", which also featured re-recordings of earlier hits. All compositions by Lightfoot. All tracks produced by Lenny Waronker, except "Minstrel Of The

neg: Great Lakes Shipwreck Museum Great Lakes Shipwreck Museum The Great Lakes Shipwreck Museum is located at the Whitefish Point Light Station north of Paradise in Chippewa County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The light station property was transferred to the Great Lakes Shipwreck Historical Society (GLSHS), the Michigan Audubon Society (MAS), and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) in 1996. The three entities share governance of the site. The museum is operated by the GLSHS. The museum exhibits artifacts from shipwrecks from the Whitefish Point Underwater Preserve and the bell from the wreck of the SS "Edmund Fitzgerald". Admission to the

neg: Radio Bart a boy riding by in a car full of friends saying, "Hey, good-looking, we'll be back to pick you up later," a line the staff thought was "hilarious". In the Superstar Celebrity Microphone commercial, the boy sings the 1975 song "Convoy" by C. W. McCall into the microphone. The producers originally wanted him to sing "The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald" by Gordon Lightfoot, a song about the sinking of the bulk carrier on Lake Superior. However, according to Vitti, Lightfoot's licensing arrangement would have required the producers to get permission from the families of the twenty-nine crewmen who died

neg: CURV used to survey the wreck of the SS "Edmund Fitzgerald". CURV-21 is the current generation that replaced CURV-III. CURV was developed by Naval Ordnance Test Station, Pasadena, CA in the early 1960s. It was initially designed to recover test ordnance lost off San Clemente Island at depths as great as . CURV was the pioneer for teleoperation. CURV-III is the fourth generation of CURV. After the Space Shuttle "Challenger" disaster, CURV III was transferred to the Navy's Supervisor of Salvage who directed that it be upgraded from operations to . The CURV-21 is the next generation following CURV-III and was

neg: Gary and Joanie McGuffin bone-jarring, unpaved roads, sheltering from hail storms on the prairies, having close encounters with log hauling trucks in British Columbia and northern Ontario, and surviving frigid late autumn weather in Newfoundland off the Strait of Belle Isle. In September 1989, the McGuffins completed a 3-month circumnavigation of Lake Superior’s rugged wilderness shoreline in solo sea canoes. Lake Superior is the greatest freshwater expanse in the world. It is renowned by mariners for its late autumn storms that can create seas more challenging than the open ocean as immortalized in Gordon Lightfoot’s song "The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald". In the

neg: The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald he had agonised while trying to pen the lyrics over possible inaccuracies until Lenny Waronker, his long-time producer and friend, finally removed his writer's block simply by advising him to play to his artistic strengths and "just tell a story". On the other hand, Lightfoot's personal passion for recreational sailing on the Great Lakes informs his ballad's verses throughout. The song was recorded in December 1975 at Eastern Sound, a recording studio made out of two Victorian houses at 48 Yorkville Avenue in a then-beatnik district of downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The famous studio, which also recorded Rush, Cat Stevens,

neg: Gordon Lightfoot discography "Black Day in July" about the 1967 Detroit riot, brought him wide recognition in the 1960s. Canadian chart success with his own recordings began in 1962 with the No. 3 hit Me) I'm the One", followed by recognition and charting abroad in the 1970s. His topped the US Hot 100 and/or AC chart with the hits "If You Could Read My Mind" (1970), "Sundown" (1974); "Carefree Highway" (1974), "Rainy Day People (1975), and "The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald" (1976), and had many other hits that appeared within the top 40. Several of his albums achieved gold and multi-platinum status

neg: Gordon Lightfoot 1960s. Canadian chart success with his own recordings began in 1962 with the No. 3 hit Me) I'm the One", followed by recognition and charting abroad in the 1970s. He topped the US Hot 100 and/or AC chart with the hits "If You Could Read My Mind" (1970), "Sundown" (1974); "Carefree Highway" (1974), "Rainy Day People" (1975), and "The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald" (1976), and had many other hits that appeared within the top 40. Several of Lightfoot's albums achieved gold and multi-platinum status internationally. His songs have been recorded by renowned artists such as Elvis Presley, Johnny Cash,