query: when did the himalayan mountains start to form

pos: Himalayas were also formed as a result of this collision. During the Upper Cretaceous, about 70 million years ago, the north-moving Indo-Australian Plate (which has subsequently broken into the Indian Plate and the Australian Plate) was moving at about per year. About 50 million years ago this fast moving Indo-Australian Plate had completely closed the Tethys Ocean, the existence of which has been determined by sedimentary rocks settled on the ocean floor and the volcanoes that fringed its edges. Since both plates were composed of low density continental crust, they were thrust faulted and folded into mountain ranges rather than subducting

neg: Greenhouse and icehouse Earth potent carbon dioxide. Currently, the Earth is in an icehouse climate state. About 34 million years ago, ice sheets began to form in Antarctica; the ice sheets in the Arctic did not start forming until 2 million years ago. Some processes that may have led to our current icehouse may be connected to the development of the Himalayan Mountains and the opening of the Drake Passage between South America and Antarctica. Scientists have been attempting to compare the past transitions between icehouse and greenhouse, and vice versa to understand where our planet is now heading. Without the human influence on

neg: Alan Hinkes Alan Hinkes Alan Hinkes OBE (born 26 April 1954) is an English Himalayan high-altitude mountaineer from Northallerton in North Yorkshire. He is the first and remains the only, British mountaineer to claim all 14 Himalayan eight-thousanders (mountains above 8,000m in height), which he did on the 30 May 2005. Hinkes is the first British mountaineer to claim to have summited all 14 mountains in the world with elevations greater than 8,000 meters, known as the eight-thousanders, when he summited Kangchenjunga on the 30 May 2005, aged 50 years and 34 days. No other British mountaineer has yet claimed this. It

neg: Sub-Himalayan Range Sub-Himalayan Range The Sub-Himalayan Range are the southernmost mountains in the Himalayan range. Their average height varies between 600 and 1200 meters, and are not so high in altitude as compared to other mountain ranges in the Himalaya range. Himalayan foot hills form the sub-Himalayan zone and from Punjab to Assam these hills are consist of a narrow belt of folded neogene molasse type sediments (siwaliks). Southward, the folded siwaliks sequence is covered by Indo Gangetic Alluvium. An acute fault is "Himalayan front fault" cut the aluvium in foot hill region, this fault is a series of en-echlon faults which

neg: Sub-Himalayan Range are parallel to the strike of the hills between Punjab and Assam. Northward, this sequence is terminated by MBT, which is a set of north dipping faults and forms the boundary between Southern Himalayas and Lesser Himalayas. Sub-Himalayan Range The Sub-Himalayan Range are the southernmost mountains in the Himalayan range. Their average height varies between 600 and 1200 meters, and are not so high in altitude as compared to other mountain ranges in the Himalaya range. Himalayan foot hills form the sub-Himalayan zone and from Punjab to Assam these hills are consist of a narrow belt of folded neogene molasse

neg: Khasi people tribe of North Burma have been also been in the Khasis. The Khasi people also have their own word for the Himalayan mountains which is "Ki Lum Makachang" which means that at one point of time, they did cross the mighty mountains. Therefore, all these records and their present culture, features and language strongly show that they also have a strong Tibeto-Himalayan- Burman influence. The word "Khas" means hills and they have always been people of cold and hilly regions and have never been connected to the plains or arid regions. This nature loving tribe call the wettest place on

neg: Making North America including the Rocky Mountains, Yellowstone and the Grand Canyon; to the emergence of life on the continent and its later evolution; and, finally, to the more recent settlement of the land by humans. According to Johnson, "Most people will not have considered a time when there was no North America ... What was there before North America? How did it form? When did it start? How did it come together?" The documentary film is narrated by Kirk Johnson and includes the following participants (alphabetized by last name): According to James Gaines, film reviewer for "LiveScience", "North America rocks. That’s what

neg: Geography of Arunachal Pradesh peaks. The Himalayan ranges that extend up to the eastern Arunachal separate it from Tibet. The ranges extend toward Nagaland, and form a boundary between India and Burma in Changlang and Tirap district, acting as a natural barrier called Patkai Bum Hills. They are low mountains compared to the Greater Himalayas. At the lowest elevations, essentially at Arunachal Pradesh's border with Assam, are the Brahmaputra Valley semi-evergreen forests. Much of the state, including the Himalayan foothills and the Patkai hills, are home to Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests. Towards the northern border with Tibet, with increasing elevation, come a mixture of

neg: Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests is a valuable ecosystem as many Himalayan birds and animals migrate seasonally up and down the mountains spending part of the year in the conifer forests, so conservation is a high priority. This ecoregion is drier than the Eastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests, which receive more moisture from the Bay of Bengal monsoon. Several distinct forest types are found in this ecoregion. Fir trees ("Abies spectabilis") in places grow in nearly pure stands. In other areas they mix with oaks ("Quercus semecarpifolia"). "Rhododendron campanulatum", "Abies spectabilis", and birch ("Betula utilis") form another common assemblage. Elsewhere mixed-conifer forests are made up

neg: Sacred Himalayan Landscape cultures who speak 40 languages. Most face abject poverty and are in need of sustainable livelihoods. SHL is part of the initiation of the World Wildlife Federation (WWF) that "taps into the spiritual beliefs and conservation ethics of local communities to restore essential habitats and protect endangered species such as the snow leopard." WWF has cooperated with the three governments of Nepal, India and Bhutan to preserve the fragile "complex mosaic of biodiversity" and "achieve conservation while creating sustainable livelihoods in the Sacred Himalayan Landscape". The mountains in the SHL contain the future water supply, in the form of glaciers,

neg: Himalayas Himalayas The Himalayas, or Himalaya (), form a mountain range in Asia, separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau. The Himalayan range has many of the Earth's highest peaks, including the highest, Mount Everest. The Himalayas include over fifty mountains exceeding in elevation, including ten of the fourteen 8,000-metre peaks. By contrast, the highest peak outside Asia (Aconcagua, in the Andes) is tall. Lifted by the subduction of the Indian tectonic plate under the Eurasian Plate, the Himalayan mountain range runs west-northwest to east-southeast in an arc long. Its western anchor, Nanga Parbat, lies just south

neg: 1995 India cyclone River and left three other boats missing, killing 45 people. The waves also flooded about of crop fields. Atypical for November, the storm continued northward and became the most intense cyclone to affect Nepal in the autumn in 50 years. The country's Department of Meteorology did not issue warnings for the storm, as no mountain trekking teams requested a forecast. As a result, many mountain climbers and guides were caught off guard, and thousands of mountaineers from around the world were in the region when the cyclone struck. When the energy from the storm spread into the Himalayan Mountains of

neg: Climatic regions of India trans-Himalayan belt is arid, cold and generally wind swept. The vegetation is sparse and stunted as rainfall is scanty and the winters are severely cold. Most of the snowfall is in the form of snow during late winter and spring months. The area to the south of the Himalayan range is protected from cold winds coming from interior of Asia during winter. The leeward side of the mountains receive less rain while the well exposed slopes get heavy rainfall. The places situated between 1070 and 2290 m altitudes receive the heaviest rainfall and the rainfall decreases rapidly above 2290m. The

neg: Miraculous births (see, Jataka tales) which accounted for the lives of Buddha in previous incarnations. In this account, the “Great Being” chose the time and place of his birth, the tribe into which he would be born, and who his mother would be. In the time chosen by him, Maya, his mother, fell asleep and dreamed that four archangels carried her to the Himalayan Mountains where their queens bathed and dressed her. In her dream the Great Being soon entered her womb from her side, in the form of a white elephant. When she woke, she told her dream to the Raja,

neg: Himalayan snowcock than 2000 birds were released into the wild. A wild population more than 200 to 500 birds has established itself in the Ruby Mountains, where they forage above the treeline. Himalayan snowcocks are gregarious when not breeding, moving around in small groups. Several groups may inhabit the same hill. They keep entirely to open country and seem to prefer rocky hill-sides. They feed on grass, shoots, berries and seeds. In the mornings the birds fly downhill to drink water. When approached from below their level, they attempt to climb up the slopes on foot and when approached from above the

neg: South Tibetan Detachment South Tibetan Detachment The South Tibet Detachment is one of the major faults in the Himalaya Mountains. Understanding the formation of the Himalayan mountains has been a goal of structural geologists for a long time. Many of the problems and disagreements that geologists have with each other concerning the Himalayan orogeny involve the relationship between the observed geometry, or structures, with the various rock units (different types of rock). There are three primary rock units present in the Himalaya: the Lesser Himalayan Sequence (LHS; mainly low-grade Proterozoic metasediments, "yellow in map"), the Greater Himalayan Crystalline complex (GHC; largely high-grade paragneisses

neg: Mountains of Bhutan bodies of water but collections supraglacial ponds. The Lower Himalayan Ranges, also called the Inner Himalaya, are southward spurs of the Great Himalaya, dominating the midsection of Bhutan. The Dongkya Range forms the trijunction of the Bhutan-Sikkim-Tibet border, separating Sikkim from the Chumbi Valley The Black Mountains in central Bhutan form a watershed between two major river systems, the Mo Chhu and the Drangme Chhu. Peaks in the Black Mountains range between and above sea level. Eastern Bhutan is divided by another southward spur, the Donga Range, whose valleys tend to be steeper ravines. Unlike the Great Himalaya, there are

neg: Alan Hinkes picture (with her son, Jay), Hinkes displays in most summit photographs. This list includes all 27 successful and unsuccessful 8,000 metre expeditions, as also noted by Alan Hinkes in his book, but reconciled from several other published climbing journal articles (and also using the American Alpine Journal online database): Alan Hinkes Alan Hinkes OBE (born 26 April 1954) is an English Himalayan high-altitude mountaineer from Northallerton in North Yorkshire. He is the first and remains the only, British mountaineer to claim all 14 Himalayan eight-thousanders (mountains above 8,000m in height), which he did on the 30 May 2005. Hinkes is

neg: Shaivism then a stage when the ascetic left the temple and did karma exchange (be cursed by others, but never curse back). He then moved to the third stage of life where he lived like a loner in a cave or abandoned places or Himalayan mountains, and towards the end of his life he moved to a cremation ground, surviving on little, peacefully awaiting his death. The Pashupatas have been particularly prominent in Gujarat, Rajasthan, Kashmir and Nepal. The community is found in many parts of the Indian subcontinent. In the late medieval era, Pashupatas Shaiva ascetics became extinct. This second

neg: Himalayan vulture the mountains in their search for dead animals. This vulture makes a rattling sound when descending on a carcass and can grunt or hiss at roosts or when feeding on carrion. They have been recorded eating carrion exclusively, some which is fed on even when putrid. On the Tibetan Plateau 64% of their diet is obtained from dead domestic yak ("Bos grunniens"). They feed on old carcasses sometimes waiting a couple of days near a dead animal. They disdain offal, which is readily eaten by other vultures, and instead typically eat only fleshy parts. Historically, Himalayan vultures regularly fed on

neg: Bajura District viz. Higher Himalayan Region, Higher Mountain and mid – Mountains. The Higher Himalayan region comprises Saipal Himalayan range; High Mountain region comprises Doha Lekh and Ghori Lekh. Similarly, Mid-Mountain range comprises different ranges of mountains e.g. Badimalika Temple. The District has started from 300m to 6400m in height. The annual rainfall is about 13,433 mm and temperatures vary from 0 °C to 40 °C. The livelihood of more than 80% of the district population depends on agriculture farming, mainly small scale livestock. Due to low level of agricultural production, the majority of the households face acute food shortages for a

neg: Western Himalayan broadleaf forests from the Bay of Bengal monsoon but is still valuable habitat especially as part of the pattern of habitats found at different elevations on the Himalayan mountainsides. Many species of birds and animals migrate up and down the mountains seasonally from the grasslands of the plains below to the high peaks. At lower elevations, this ecoregion grades into Himalayan subtropical pine forests. At higher elevations, it grades into Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests as well as Northwestern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows and Western Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows. The Western Himalayan broadleaf forests may be divided into forests of

neg: Mountaineering the nature of the mountains in the region. Because Himalayan base camps can take days or weeks to trek to, and Himalayan mountains can take weeks or perhaps even months to climb, a large number of personnel and amount of supplies may be helpful. This is why expedition style climbing is frequently used on large and isolated peaks in the Himalaya. In Europe and North America there is less of a need for expedition style climbing on most medium-sized mountains. These mountains can often be easily accessed by car or air, are at a lower altitude and can be climbed

neg: Sarah Drake Guatemala" by James Bateman, but she also contributed to Lindley's book, "Ladies Botany" (1834–1837), Nathaniel Wallich's "Plantae Asiaticae Rariores", John Forbes Royle's "Illustrations of the botany and other branches of the natural history of the Himalayan Mountains" and to "The Botany of HMS Sulphur" (1836–1842). She did not travel abroad and probably went no further than Kew Gardens, the Lindley home or to Loddiges nursery, which put on a display of orchids especially for her. Drake's career ended when the "Botanical Register" went out of business in 1847. She returned to Norfolk to care for elderly relatives and moved in

neg: Mountains of Bhutan is extreme in the mountains: the high peaks have perpetual snow, and the lesser mountains and hewn gorges have high winds all year round, making them barren brown wind tunnels in summer, and frozen wastelands in winter. The blizzards generated in the north each winter often drift southward into the central highlands. The mountains of Bhutan define its three main geographic zones: the Great Himalaya, the Lower Himalayan Range (or Inner Himalaya), and the Sub-Himalayan Range. The snowcapped Great Himalaya in the north ranges from about to peaks of over above sea level, extending along the Bhutan-China border. The northern

neg: Bhutan Black Mountains range between above sea level, and fast-flowing rivers have carved out deep gorges in the lower mountain areas. The forests of the central Bhutan mountains consist of Eastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests in higher elevations and Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests in lower elevations. Woodlands of the central region provide most of Bhutan's forest production. The Torsa, Raidak, Sankosh, and Manas are the main rivers of Bhutan, flowing through this region. Most of the population lives in the central highlands. In the south, the Shiwalik Hills are covered with dense Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests, alluvial lowland river valleys, and

neg: Himalayas are vast potentials of mineral oil. There is coal located in Kashmir, and precious stones located in the Himalayas. There is also gold, silver, copper, zinc, and many other such minerals and metals located in at least 100 different places in these mountains. Himalayas The Himalayas, or Himalaya (), form a mountain range in Asia, separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau. The Himalayan range has many of the Earth's highest peaks, including the highest, Mount Everest. The Himalayas include over fifty mountains exceeding in elevation, including ten of the fourteen 8,000-metre peaks. By contrast, the

neg: Mountains of Bhutan to the east by the Black Mountains in central Bhutan, which form a watershed between two major river systems, the Mo Chhu (Sankosh River) and the Drangme Chhu. Central valleys are separated from the east by the Donga Range. The more isolated mountain valleys protect several tiny, distinct cultural and linguistic groups. Bhutan controls several strategic Himalayan mountain passes including routes between Tibet and Assam. These routes, being the only way into the kingdom, along with centuries-old policies of isolationism, have gained Bhutan the nickname "Mountain Fortress of the Gods." Although the British established a protectorate over Bhutan and occupied

neg: Jammu and Kashmir forests and Himalayan subtropical pine forests are found in the low elevations of the far southwest. These give way to a broad band of western Himalayan broadleaf forests running from northwest-southeast across the Kashmir Valley. Rising into the mountains, the broadleaf forests grade into western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests. Above the tree line are found northwestern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows. Much of the northeast of the state is covered by the Karakoram-West Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe. Around the highest elevations, there is no vegetation, simply rock and ice. The Jhelum River is the only major Himalayan river which flows

neg: 1911 Sarez earthquake epicenter is located in the central Pamir Mountains. These mountains form the western end of the Himalayan chain, caused by the continuing continental collision between the northward moving Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. The area is affected by active faulting on both thrust faults and strike-slip faults. The 1911 earthquake occurred within the Pamir Hindu Kush seismic zone, which is regularly affected by earthquakes, some of which have magnitudes of 7 or greater. The earthquake lasted for two minutes and was followed by an aftershock an hour later. The energy radiated by this event was one of the first

neg: Sonam Wangchuk (engineer) artificial glacier that stores the wasting stream waters during the winters in the form of giant ice cones or stupas, and releases the water during late spring as they start melting, which is the perfect time when the farmers need water. He was appointed to the Jammu and Kashmir State Board of School Education in 2013. In 2014, he was appointed to the Expert panel for framing the J&K State Education Policy and Vision Document. Since 2015, Sonam has started working on establishing Himalayan Institute of Alternatives. He is concerned about how most of the Universities, especially those in the

neg: Himalayan snowcock Himalayan snowcock The Himalayan snowcock ("Tetraogallus himalayensis") is a snowcock in the pheasant family Phasianidae found across the Himalayan ranges and parts of the adjoining Pamir range of Asia. It is found on alpine pastures and on steep rocky cliffs where they will dive down the hill slopes to escape. It overlaps with the slightly smaller Tibetan snowcock in parts of its wide range. The populations from different areas show variations in the colouration and about five subspecies have been designated. They were introduced in the mountains of Nevada in the United States in the 1960s and a wild population

neg: Lincoln Hall (climber) and trained to climb by traversing the walls of buildings at his university campus. Hall had his real start with mountaineering when he participated in the Australian National University Mountaineering Club expeditions to New Zealand from 1975 to 1978. This culminated in the ANUMC 1978 expedition to the Himalayan peak Dunagiri (7066m) in India. Hall and his climbing partner Tim Macartney-Snape (Australia) were invited by Expedition Leader Peter Cocker to join him at Col Camp so the pair could force through a route through to the summit ridge. They did so then made an audacious push for the summit after

neg: The Himalayan Database As well as being an important repository for climbing statistics on Himalayan mountains, the database also became known for its decisions to disregard or dispute various climbs. Notable cases was the decision not to record a 1990 ascent of Cho Oyu by British climber Alan Hinkes, which put a question-mark over Hinkes' claim to have summited all 14 eight-thousanders; and the 1997 ascent of Lhotse by Italian climbers and Sergio Martini which forced Sergio Martini to reclimbe Lhotse in 2000 to verify he had climbed all 14 eight-thousanders (De Stefani decided not to re-climb). The Himalayan Database The Himalayan Database:

neg: Shekhar Joshi particular innocence associated with the hill people of Nepal and Uttarakhand and critics have praised him continuously for being the most authentic author to portray the culture of Kumaon and the Himalayan mountains. In a poll conducted by BBC at the start of 20th century, his seminal work Dajyu (The Big Brother) beat works of Gorky, Premchand, O. Henry, Saki, Murakami, Tolstoy, Roald Dahl, Garcia Marquez and hundred of other literary giants to be voted as the greatest story on family and relationships. Shekhar Joshi was born in September 1932 in the village of Oliyagaon, Almora district, Uttarakhand. His family

neg: Great Tibetan Marathon Great Tibetan Marathon The annually recurring Great Tibetan Marathon is a marathon takes place on the Tibetan Plateau in northern India - also known as little Tibet. The Great Tibetan Marathon is unusual in that it happens in an altitude of 3,500 meters in spiritual Buddhist surroundings. The high altitude makes the oxygen level extremely low and the marathon equally more physically challenging. But the position in the Himalayan mountains also gives an unparalleled dimension of beauty to the marathon. An extra feature is the atmosphere of the Tibetan Buddhism that rubs off on the whole adventure. The start of

neg: Himalayan cutia It is not a bird of the high mountains however, rather inhabiting broadleaf forest – e.g. of oaks ("Quercus") – of the foothills upwards of 1,500 m ASL or so, but rarely if ever ascending above 2,500 m ASL. The Himalayan cutia is not considered threatened by the IUCN, retaining its pre-split status as a Species of Least Concern; in Bhutan for example it is a fairly frequently seen resident. Himalayan cutia The Himalayan cutia ("Cutia nipalensis") is a bird species in the family Leiothrichidae. Its scientific name ultimately means "the "khutya" from Nepal", as "Cutia" is derived from the

neg: The Himalayan Club where it continues to be located. The Himalayan Club The Himalayan Club is an organization founded in India in 1928 along the lines of the Alpine Club. The stated mission of the organization was “to encourage and assist Himalayan travel and exploration, and to extend knowledge of the Himalaya and adjoining mountain ranges through science, art, literature and sport.” The Club publishes a journal, the Himalayan Journal and has a library. The idea to start such an organization was proposed in 1866 by Mr. F. Drew and Mr. W. H. Johnson to the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Twenty years later

neg: The Himalayan Club The Himalayan Club The Himalayan Club is an organization founded in India in 1928 along the lines of the Alpine Club. The stated mission of the organization was “to encourage and assist Himalayan travel and exploration, and to extend knowledge of the Himalaya and adjoining mountain ranges through science, art, literature and sport.” The Club publishes a journal, the Himalayan Journal and has a library. The idea to start such an organization was proposed in 1866 by Mr. F. Drew and Mr. W. H. Johnson to the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Twenty years later Emil Boss. president of the Alpine

neg: Dhulikhel the mountains, they seem to be floating in the air. Green inviting hills of which still virgin and some turned into beautifully carved agricultural terraces cater to the beholders' pleasure. Geographically, the plains rise gradually up to the green mountains and further into the snow-capped Himalayas. The panorama offers a view of the Himalayan ranges stretching from Mount Annapurna in the far west to Mount Karolung in the Far East. More than twenty Himalayan peaks including Mt. Annapurna (8091 m), Mt. Ganesh Himal (7429 m), Mt. Langtang (7234 m), Mt. Phuribichyachu (6637 m), Mt. Gaurishanker (7134 m), Mt. Lhotse (8516

neg: Cyananthus during the coldest months, and as spring begins, stems and leaves quickly start to reproduce. Cyananthus Cyananthus is a genus that consists of about 30 species of annual or mostly perennial herbs from high mountains of Central and East Asia. They are little Himalayan plants not higher than 4in. The name comes from the "Greek" for blue flowers. Leaves are usually small and simple, sometimes narrowing to base, tooth-lobed at summit. In August to September, the plants bear showy of bright purplish-blue, yellow or white, funnel to bell-shaped, 5-lobed flowers 1in in diameter with stamens free from the corolla and

neg: Geology of the United States collisional belt spread into the Ozark-Ouachita region and through the Marathon Mountains of Texas. Continent vs. continent collision raised the Appalachian-Ouachita chain to lofty, Himalayan-scale ranges. The massive bulk of Pangea was completed near the end of the Paleozoic Era (Permian Period) when Africa (Gondwana) plowed into the continental agglomeration, with the Appalachian-Ouachita mountains near the core. From about 280-230 million years ago, (Late Paleozoic Era until the Late Triassic) the continent we now know as North America was continuous with Africa, South America, and Europe. During the Late Triassic, Pangea began to be torn apart when a three-pronged fissure

neg: Himalayan Cataract Project Centre in 1994 as the first outpatient cataract surgery facility in the Himalayan region. In 1995 Dr. Ruit and Dr. Tabin formally began the Himalayan Cataract Project as a charitable foundation to support their work. From the start, the projects of the Tilganga Eye Centre have been a central focus of the Himalayan Cataract Project. Dr. Tabin spends at least three months per year in Asia working with his Nepalese counterparts directing Tilganga Eye Centre’s efforts to provide an international standard of eye care and participating in the outreach programs. As the director of the Himalayan Cataract Project, he has

neg: South Tibetan Detachment as continental collisions, erosion, and even climatic changes. In order to understand the structural complexity of the Himalaya orogen, understanding the South Tibet detachment is critical to figuring out the exact time and processes involved in the emplacement of rock units there. South Tibetan Detachment The South Tibet Detachment is one of the major faults in the Himalaya Mountains. Understanding the formation of the Himalayan mountains has been a goal of structural geologists for a long time. Many of the problems and disagreements that geologists have with each other concerning the Himalayan orogeny involve the relationship between the observed geometry,

neg: Eastern South Asia Hill Region (Pahad) abuts the mountains and varies from in altitude with progression from subtropical climates below to alpine climates above . The Lower Himalayan Range reaching is the southern limit of this region, with subtropical river valleys and "hills" alternating to the north of this range. The Mountain Region (Himal), situated in the Great Himalayan Range, makes up the northern part of Nepal. It contains the highest elevations in the world, including eight of the ten highest mountains. The climate of Nepal includes subtropical, temperate, subalpine and alpine zones. Bangladesh is the world's eighth most populous country, with a

neg: Tosh, Himachal Pradesh one-hour hike. It is described as a "traditional village turned hippie colony". In the meadows and valleys around Tosh are Himalayan blue poppies, irises, marsh marigolds, primulas, buttercups, and Himalayan balsam flowers. Birds in the area include lamagiers, bull finches, rose finches, Himalayan griffons, white-capped water starts, and brown dippers. Himalayan brown and black bears are occasionally seen. Tosh, Himachal Pradesh Tosh village is in Himachal Pradesh state of India. It is located at about in elevation on a hill near Kasol in the Parvati Valley, surrounded by mountains. Alongside the village is the Tosh River, which begins at the

neg: Himalayan Institute of Yoga Science and Philosophy Himalayan Institute of Yoga Science and Philosophy The Himalayan Institute of Yoga Science and Philosophy is an international non-profit organization, which promotes yoga and holistic health through yoga retreats, residential programs, health products and services, media publications, and humanitarian projects. The Institute's main campus is located on (1.6 km) in the Pocono Mountains of northeastern Pennsylvania and is the site of most of its residential programming. Branch centers also operate in Cameroon, India, Great Britain, Malaysia, and Mexico. The organization was founded in 1971 by Swami Rama. A range of educational programming for yoga teachers is offered by the Himalayan

neg: Himalayas as the "circum-Himalayan rivers". The great ranges of central Asia, including the Himalayas, contain the third-largest deposit of ice and snow in the world, after Antarctica and the Arctic. The Himalayan range encompasses about 15,000 glaciers, which store about of fresh water. Its glaciers include the Gangotri and Yamunotri (Uttarakhand) and Khumbu glaciers (Mount Everest region), Langtang glacier (Langtang region) and Zemu (Sikkim). Owing to the mountains' latitude near the Tropic of Cancer, the permanent snow line is among the highest in the world at typically around . In contrast, equatorial mountains in New Guinea, the Rwenzoris and Colombia have

neg: Marriage notably more rare than polygyny, though less rare than the figure commonly cited in the "Ethnographic Atlas" (1980) which listed only those polyandrous societies found in the Himalayan Mountains. More recent studies have found 53 societies outside the 28 found in the Himalayans which practice polyandry. It is most common in egalitarian societies marked by high male mortality or male absenteeism. It is associated with "partible paternity", the cultural belief that a child can have more than one father. The explanation for polyandry in the Himalayan Mountains is related to the scarcity of land; the marriage of all brothers in

neg: Mohan Meakin Mohan Meakin Mohan Meakin is a large group of companies started with Asia's first brewery incorporated in 1855 (but established much earlier) by Edward Dyer at Kasauli in the Himalayan Mountains in India under the name Dyer Breweries. In the late 1820s, Edward Abraham Dyer, father of Colonel Reginald Edward Harry Dyer of Jallianwala Bagh massacre, moved from England to set up the first brewery in India (later incorporated as Dyer Breweries in 1855) at Kasauli in the Himalayan Mountains. The Kasauli brewery launched India's and indeed Asia's first beer, Lion, which was in great demand by the thirsty British

neg: Mohan Meakin ml (quarter / nip), 350 ml (half / pint), 750 ml (full / quart), 1-litre and 2-litre bottles. Mohan Meakin Mohan Meakin is a large group of companies started with Asia's first brewery incorporated in 1855 (but established much earlier) by Edward Dyer at Kasauli in the Himalayan Mountains in India under the name Dyer Breweries. In the late 1820s, Edward Abraham Dyer, father of Colonel Reginald Edward Harry Dyer of Jallianwala Bagh massacre, moved from England to set up the first brewery in India (later incorporated as Dyer Breweries in 1855) at Kasauli in the Himalayan Mountains. The Kasauli

neg: Transmountain railroad proposed trans-Himalayan railway from Pakistan to China via the Khunjerab Pass could count as a transcontinental railroad due to the size of the mountains in the way. There would be a break-of-gauge from as used by the Pakistan Railways to . This line would be approximately long. Transmountain railroad Transmountain railroads are railroads that need to cross dauntingly high mountain ranges to cross between countries on one side to the other. The Himalayan Mountains, Andes and the Alps would be cases in point. Because of construction difficulties, some such railways are yet to be built. With globalisation and trade liberalisation,

neg: Northern Indo-Aryan languages means a 'mountain' in most local languages such as Nepalese, Hindi (Parbat being a synonym) as well as Urdu (Koh being a synonym). Due to its mass prevalence and usage in the Himalayan Region, the language is also known as Himalayan. Like all other languages of the region, the Pahari languages are also from the Indo-European, and in particular Indo-Iranian branch of languages. As mountains have the tendency of isolating communities from change, dialects in the mountains tend to have their own characteristics with some similarity to others mountain dialects while remaining isolated from one another – there does seem

neg: Punjab Using the older definition of the Punjab region, the Punjab region covers a large territory and can be divided into five natural areas: The formation of the Himalayan Range of mountains to the east and north-east of the Punjab is the result of a collision between the north-moving Indo-Australian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. The plates are still moving together, and the Himalayas are rising by about per year. The upper regions are snow-covered the whole year. Lower ranges of hills run parallel to the mountains. The Lower Himalayan Range runs from north of Rawalpindi through Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal

neg: Bear Grylls "had not appreciated" that a child would be involved. Grylls was educated at Eaton House, Ludgrove School and Eton College, where he helped start its first mountaineering club. He studied Spanish and German at the University of West of England and at Birkbeck, University of London, where he graduated with a 2:2 bachelor's degree, obtained part-time, in Hispanic studies in 2002. After leaving school, Grylls briefly hiked in the Himalayan mountains of Sikkim and West Bengal. From 1994–1997, he served in the British Army reserves with 21 SAS as a trooper trained in unarmed combat, desert and winter warfare, survival,

neg: Lidder Valley the Himalayan Mountains. Today, the river continues to deposit sheets of sand in the lower areas of Anantnag. Gradual erosive processes have washed away bordering forests and created deep gorges at many places. The Lidder Valley has many glacier-fed streams, and the tributaries of the Lidder River are home to different types of trout. The valley is the natural habitat of the Himalayan black bear. The Himalayan brown bear, musk deer, snow leopard and hangul have also been spotted in the Aru and Lidderwat areas, which are close to Dachigam National Park. Lidder Valley The Lidder Valley or Liddar Valley

neg: Himalayan tahr allows their internal body temperatures to adjust to the harsh temperatures of the Himalayan Mountains. As a member of the ungulate group of mammals, the Himalayan tahr possesses an even number of toes. They have adapted the unique ability to grasp both smooth and rough surfaces that are typical of the mountainous terrain on which they reside. This useful characteristic also helps their mobility. The hooves of the tahr have a rubber-like core which allows for gripping smooth rocks while keratin at the rim of their hooves allow increased hoof durability, which is important for traversing the rocky ground. This

neg: Roscoea ganeshensis groups, a Himalayan clade and a "Chinese" clade (which includes some species from outside China). The two clades correspond to a geographical separation, their main distributions being divided by the Brahmaputra River as it flows south at the end of the Himalayan mountain chain. It has been suggested that the genus may have originated in this area and then spread westwards along the Himalayas and eastwards into the mountains of China and its southern neighbours. "R. ganeshensis" falls into the Himalayan clade as would be expected from its distribution. It appears to be most closely related to "R. capitata", although

neg: Roscoea brandisii groups, a Himalayan clade and a "Chinese" clade (which includes some species from outside China). The two clades correspond to a geographical separation, their main distributions being divided by the Brahmaputra River as it flows south at the end of the Himalayan mountain chain. It has been suggested that the genus may have originated in this area and then spread westwards along the Himalayas and eastwards into the mountains of China and its southern neighbours. "R. brandisii" falls into the Himalayan clade. It occurs to the south of the rest of the clade, on the other side of the Brahmaputra

neg: Ranikhet Temple Situated 4 km from Ranikhet, Haidakhan Temple (Hairakhan Temple or Chilianaula) is dedicated to Lord Shiva made by Shri Haidakhan Maharaj who is said to be the incarnation of Lord Shiva. The splendid views of the gigantic Himalayan peaks are clearly visible from Haidakhan Temple. Bhalu Dam or Baludham It is an artificial small lake blessed with natural bounteousness, panoramic views of the Himalayan Mountains and placid surroundings. The small but beautiful garden nearby the dam is marvelous. The dam site is open for all the tourists throughout the year. The views of the massive Himalayan peaks are enchanting

neg: American Himalayan Foundation his first trip through the mountains of Nepal in 1968. During this trip he developed an interest in the local people and the poverty in which they lived. Blum started helping Sherpa children informally, and in 1980 he set up the American Himalayan Foundation (AHF). Because many people in Nepal and Tibet live without healthcare, education, clean water, or bridges connecting remote villages; Blum created the foundation to address these problems. The foundation's first partner was Sir Edmund Hillary, assisting the Sherpas through his Himalayan Trust. Also in the early years, the 14th Dalai Lama requested that AHF help the

neg: Journey of a Red Fridge was released on DVD in March 2009. Journey of a Red Fridge Journey of a Red Fridge is a 2007 documentary film about 17-year-old porter Hari Rai working in the Himalayan Mountains of Nepal. It was directed by Lucian and Natasa Muntean (aka Lunam Docs), a Serbian independent documentary production duo specializing in telling the stories of working children. "Journey of a Red Fridge" was produced in association with The Global Fund for Children. "Journey of a Red Fridge" is a story of a 17-year-old boy named Hari Rai, who lives in a small village in the Himalayan Mountains of

neg: Journey of a Red Fridge Journey of a Red Fridge Journey of a Red Fridge is a 2007 documentary film about 17-year-old porter Hari Rai working in the Himalayan Mountains of Nepal. It was directed by Lucian and Natasa Muntean (aka Lunam Docs), a Serbian independent documentary production duo specializing in telling the stories of working children. "Journey of a Red Fridge" was produced in association with The Global Fund for Children. "Journey of a Red Fridge" is a story of a 17-year-old boy named Hari Rai, who lives in a small village in the Himalayan Mountains of Nepal, and his extraordinary journey. Hari is

neg: Northern Triangle temperate forests Mali, and N'Mai Rivers all have their sources in these mountains and run south to join the Irrawaddy River. The Northern Triangle subtropical forests lie to the south, while the Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests lie to the northwest across the Patkai Range. The Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows bound the ecoregion to the north. The Northern Triangle temperate forests are similar to the Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests, which occupy the middle elevations of the Himalaya range in Eastern India, Bhutan, and eastern Nepal, and extend along the north slope of the Patkai range in Arunachal Pradesh. The main plant

neg: Badrinath Temple found there today. Vishnu in the form of Badrinath is depicted in the temple sitting in the "padmasana" posture. According to the legend, Vishnu was chastised by sage Narada, who saw Vishnu's consort, Lakshmi, massaging his feet. Vishnu went to Badrinath to perform austerity, meditating for a long time in padmasana. The "Vishnu Purana" narrates another version of the origins of Badrinath. According to the tradition, Dharam had two sons, Nar, and Narayanboth of which are modern names of Himalayan mountains. They chose the place to spread their religion and each of them wed the spacious valleys in the Himalayas.

neg: Polyandry father. Polyandry is believed to be more likely in societies with scarce environmental resources. It is believed to limit human population growth and enhance child survival. It is a rare form of marriage that exists not only among peasant families but also among the elite families. For example, polyandry in the Himalayan mountains is related to the scarcity of land. The marriage of all brothers in a family to the same wife allows family land to remain intact and undivided. If every brother married separately and had children, family land would be split into unsustainable small plots. In contrast, very

neg: Geoffrey D. Lehmann served as establishments for congregation. Dr. Lehmann also worked with the Evangelical Alliance Mission and served as the chairman on board of governors for the Wynberg Allen School. This school provided education to children form displaced Tibetan families living in the Himalayan valley. Throughout his time in India, Lehmann faced opposition for trying to convert Indians to Christianity. In general, there was a lack of enthusiasm about Christianity—even from local Christians—as Indians did not like talking about the crucifixion. From time to time, the hospital and the school were able to influence locals to convert, however, when the villagers would

neg: Polygamy scarce environmental resources, as it is believed to limit human population growth and enhance child survival. It is a rare form of marriage that exists not only among poor families, but also the elite. For example, in the Himalayan Mountains polyandry is related to the scarcity of land; the marriage of all brothers in a family to the same wife allows family land to remain intact and undivided. If every brother married separately and had children, family land would be split into unsustainable small plots. In Europe, this outcome was avoided through the social practice of impartible inheritance, under which

neg: Abarimon Himalayas. According to another legend, Abarimon is mentioned as a landscape in Scythia, a valley of Mount Imaus, (which may be identical to Hindukush or the Himalayan Mountains). Later, Abarimon has been briefly described in Thomas Cooper's "Thesaurus Linguae Romanae et Britannicae", as a tribe in the country " Tataria ". During the Middle Ages, some mapdrawers, after a familiar heliocentric view, have made monsters in the form of Abarimon people and placed them at the outer border of the world. Abarimon Abarimon or antipode is in mythology a people whose feet are turned backwards, but in spite of this

neg: Eight-thousander Eight-thousander The International Mountaineering and Climbing Federation or UIAA recognise eight-thousanders as the 14 mountains that are more than in height above sea level, and are considered to be sufficiently independent from neighbouring peaks. However, there is no precise definition of the criteria used to assess independence and since 2012, the UIAA has been involved in a process to consider whether the list should be expanded to 20 mountains. All eight-thousanders are located in the Himalayan and Karakoram mountain ranges in Asia, and their summits are in the death zone. The first recorded attempt on an eight-thousander was when Albert

neg: Sadiya periods, which later gave rise to the modern form of Assamese. It is located in the Tinsukia district of the Northeast Indian state of Assam. Its stands on a grassy plain, almost surrounded by forested Himalayan mountains, on the right bank of what is locally (but erroneously) considered the main stream of the Brahmaputra river. Sadiya is famous for a flower named "satphul" (the word means "blessing" or a "desert flower"), which is much like Jasmine. The word "Sadiya" is derived from the Deori-Chutia language and it stands for "land of rising sun". "Sa/Xa" means "Sun", "Di" meaning "water" and

neg: Greater India ideas were accepted into the cosmology of Himalayan peoples, most profoundly in Tibet and Bhutan. Buddhist monasticism extended into Afghanistan, Uzbekistan and other parts of Central Asia, and Buddhist texts and ideas were readily accepted in China and Japan in the east. To the west, Indian culture converged with Greater Persia via the Hindukush and the Pamir Mountains. In the 20th century history, art history, linguistics, and allied fields: consisted of "all the Asian lands including Burma, Java, Cambodia, Bali, and the former Champa and Funan polities of present-day Vietnam," in which Indian culture left an "imprint in the form

neg: Kashyapa Vedic scholars of his time. The Buddha names ten rishis, calls them "early sages" and makers of ancient verses that have been collected and chanted in his era, and among those ten rishi is Kassapa (the Pali spelling of Kashyapa in Sanskrit). Kashmir, the northern Himalayan region of the Indian subcontinent got its name from Kashyapa Rishi. The name Kashmir, states Christopher Snedden, may be a shortened form of "Kashyapa Mir" or the "lake of the sage Kashyapa", or alternatively derived from "Kashyapa Meru" or the sacred mountains of Kashyapa. In ancient texts of Greece, linked to the expedition of

neg: Iris hookeriana Iris hookeriana Iris hookeriana is a species in the genus "Iris", it is also in the subgenus of Iris and in the "Pseudoregelia section". It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the Himalayan mountains of India and Pakistan. It has long pale green or yellow green leaves, long slender stem and fragrant blue, purple or lilac flowers, that are mottled with a darker colour. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. "Iris hookeriana" is very similar in form to "Iris kemaonensis" (another "Pseudoregelia Iris"), but has slender rhizomes, long stem and short perianth tube. But both have mottled

neg: Wildlife of China the Pamir mountains. The Himalayan blue sheep, with much smaller horns than the argali, are agile climbers on Himalayan cliffs. The dwarf blue sheep is found in western Sichuan. The Himalayan tahr, discovered in China in 1974, is a Class I protected species with perhaps only 500 animals in southern Tibet. The Siberian ibex, the largest and heaviest goat, is found in the Tian Shan range of Xinjiang. There are large numbers of domesticated gaur, yak and Bactrian camel in China but in the wild, they are Class I protected species. The gaur or Indian bison is the tallest species

neg: Altaussee of the "Totes Gebirge" about half of the municipal area consists of alpine wasteland, the rest are forests, grasslands and other land forms. Nearby towns are Bad Aussee, Hallstatt, Bad Goisern, Bad Ischl and Gmunden. The characteristic pale grey mountains which surround Altaussee are made of limestone, a carbonate rock. The age of these rocks are Triassic and Jurassic. The mountains themselves did not form until the Cenozoic, when immense forces between the colliding African and Eurasian plates caused the mountains to be uplifted. The limestones which make up the mountains are white to pale grey in colour, and formed

neg: Great Himalayan National Park six orders have been identified and documented. Most of the Himalayan fauna has been given protection under the high priority protection category of Schedule I of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. The state government of Himachal Pradesh has banned hunting in the state for more than ten years. A trek of 35 to 45 km in any of the park's valleys brings one into the high altitude habitat (3,500 m and above) of animals such as blue sheep, snow leopard, Himalayan brown bear, Himalayan tahr, and musk deer. Best sightings can be made in autumn (September–November) as animals start

neg: Doleshwor Mahadeva Temple Mahabharata. The Pandavas won, but sorrowed by the loss of lives, they renounced the kingdom they had wrested back and headed for the heavenly abode of the gods, believed to be atop the mighty Himalayan Mountains. The Pandavas reached the Kedarnath region to seek forgiveness from Lord Shiva for the loss of lives during the 18-day Kurukshetra War. But Lord Shiva was not ready to forgive them and he took the form of a bull to avoid them. The Pandavas soon realized that the bull was Lord Shiva and tried to stop it by pulling its tail. Suddenly the head

neg: Bhutan It lies between latitudes 26°N and 29°N, and longitudes 88°E and 93°E. The land consists mostly of steep and high mountains crisscrossed by a network of swift rivers, which form deep valleys before draining into the Indian plains. Elevation rises from in the southern foothills to more than . This great geographical diversity combined with equally diverse climate conditions contributes to Bhutan's outstanding range of biodiversity and ecosystems. The northern region of Bhutan consists of an arc of Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows reaching up to glaciated mountain peaks with an extremely cold climate at the highest elevations. Most

neg: Rudranath Mahadeva" here. Trek starts from Sagar village which is approx 03 km from Gopeshwar. The other trek starts from Mandal which is 12 km from Gopeshwar. This trek goes through Anusuya devi temple. Trek is very hard with a distance of approx 24 km. The Rudranath temple is believed to be established by the Pandavas, the heroes of the Hindu epic Mahabharata. Legend has it that the Pandavas came to the Himalayan mountains in search of god Shiva, to redeem them of the sins of killing in the epic Kurukshetra war. God Shiva did not want to meet them and

neg: Karakoram fault system Karakoram fault system The Karakoram fault is an oblique-slip fault system in the Himalayan region across India and Asia. The slip along the fault accommodates radial expansion of the Himalayan arc, northward indentation of the Pamir Mountains, and eastward lateral extrusion of the Tibetan plateau. Current plate motions suggest that the convergence between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate is around 44±5 mm per year in the western Himalaya-Pamir region and approximately 50±2 mm per year in the eastern Himalayan region. The creation of the Karakoram fault started with the closing of the ancient Tethys ocean seaway which once

neg: Dietary biology of the golden eagle (sample size of 967 from 5 nests). In the Caspian Sea area of Kazakhstan, the most common bird species (and third most common overall prey species) is the chukar ("Alectoris chukar"), representing 19.5% of a sampling of 468 from 36 nests. Chukar and Caspian snowcock ("Tetraogallus caspius") are reportedly the primary avian prey species in Armenia. In the Himalayan region, two very large pheasants, the Himalayan monal ("Lophophorus impejanus") and the Himalayan snowcock ("Tetraogallus himalayensis"), are reportedly among the most significant prey for eagles. Moorland francolin ("Scleroptila psilolaemus") were reportedly the most common bird prey species in Ethiopia's Bale Mountains,

neg: Hadley–Apennine that most (about 90%) of the samples from the Apennine Front are brown-glass breccias, and approximately 60–70% obtained from the mare surface are basalt. Although the basalts seem to vary in their texture, their ages appear to be approximately the same. Most of the samples obtained on the Apennine Front are KREEP (potassium, rare-earth elements, phosphorus) materials, anorthosites, recrystallized norite, or recrystallized breccia. Hadley-Apennine is located west of the Montes Apenninus and east of Hadley Rille. The Apennine mountains form a escarpment that rises higher above the Hadley plain than the Himalayan front above the plains of India and Nepal.

neg: Cape Fold Belt roughly parallel to what would ultimately become the south-western and southern coastlines of South Africa. This mountain building continued into the next phase of the Karoo sedimentation, which began about 260 million years ago, after the ice sheets had melted, leaving a large lake (the Karoo Sea) extending over much of South Africa. The resulting marine or lacustrine deposits form the Karoo's Ecca Group. During these Ecca times continued collision of the Falkland Plateau into Southern Africa, and subduction of oceanic crust under the plateau caused the formation of a range of mountains of Himalayan proportions to the south of

neg: Province No. 1 Himalayan region, in the north, consists of many mountains ranges. Mahalangur, Kumbhakarna, Umvek, Lumba Sumba and Janak being some of them. The highest mountain in the world, Mount Everest (8848 m); and the third highest mountain, Kangchenjunga (8598 m) also lie in this Province. Nepal's lowest point, Kechana Kawal at 58 m, is located in Jhapa district of this Province. There are many river basins and gentle slopes as well. Chure, Mahabharat, many basins, tars and valleys form the Terai region. Between the Churia and Mahabharat a low land of inner Terai exists. The Koshi river flows through the region

neg: Deosai Mountains Deosai Mountains The Deosai Mountains are a range of mountains in the Himalayas. They lie to the southeast of the Indus river gorge in northern Pakistan, across the western border of Ladakh, and adjoin the Zaskar Range. The district of Kargil lies at the junction of the Deosai and the Greater Himalayan Range. To the east of the Deosai Mountains is the highland plateau of the Deosai Plains; although the two names are sometimes conflated. The runoff from the southern slopes of the Deosai Mountains forms a tributary that joins the Shiugo River, which then merges with the Dras River.

neg: Deosai Mountains Deosai Mountains The Deosai Mountains are a range of mountains in the Himalayas. They lie to the southeast of the Indus river gorge in northern Pakistan, across the western border of Ladakh, and adjoin the Zaskar Range. The district of Kargil lies at the junction of the Deosai and the Greater Himalayan Range. To the east of the Deosai Mountains is the highland plateau of the Deosai Plains; although the two names are sometimes conflated. The runoff from the southern slopes of the Deosai Mountains forms a tributary that joins the Shiugo River, which then merges with the Dras River.

neg: Family takes two or more husbands at the same time.<ref name="Starkweather/Hames 2012"></ref> Fraternal polyandry, where two or more brothers are married to the same wife, is a common form of polyandry. Polyandry was traditionally practiced in areas of the Himalayan mountains, among Tibetans in Nepal, in parts of China and in parts of northern India. Polyandry is most common in societies marked by high male mortality or where males will often be apart from the rest of the family for a considerable period of time. A first-degree relative is one who shares 50% of your DNA through direct inheritance, such as

neg: Sitara Hewitt Sitara Hewitt Sitara Hewitt (also known as Tara Hewitt) is a Canadian film and television actress. Sitara Hewitt is the daughter of Dr. Kenneth Hewitt, originally from Wales, and Dr. Farida Hewitt, from Pakistan. Her parents are professors at Wilfrid Laurier University. Sitara was raised primarily in Elora, Ontario During her childhood she spent time living in the Himalayan mountains, specifically in the Hunza Valley of Gilgit-Baltistan where her parents did their academic field research on both the glaciers and in the small villages in the valleys. Hewitt was married to American actor Jessie Pavelka and they have a son,

neg: Eric Shipton Eric Shipton Eric Earle Shipton CBE (1 August 1907 – 28 March 1977) was an English Himalayan mountaineer. Shipton was born in Ceylon (now called "Sri Lanka") in 1907 where his father, a tea planter, died before he was three years old. When he was eight, his mother brought him to London for his education. When he failed the entrance exam to Harrow School, his mother sent him to Pyt House School in Wiltshire. His first encounter with mountains was at 15 when he visited the Pyrenees with his family. The next summer he spent travelling in Norway with a

neg: Harmukh of "Hurmukhuk Gosoni" Harmukh lies in the northwestern Himalayan Range. The Karakoram Range borders it on the north and the Kashmir Valley on the south. Melt waters from glaciers form Gangabal Lake which lies at its foot to the north east side and contribute significantly to the regional fresh-water supply, supporting irrigation through Nallah Sindh. This Himalayan Range lies along the southern edge of the Eurasian tectonic plate and is made up of ancient sedimentary rocks (more than 390 million years old). Those strata were folded and thrust-faulted, and granite masses were intruded, when the Indian plate collided with Eurasia,

neg: V. S. Sangwan specialist at LVPEI. This gave him the opportunity to interact with the pioneers of uveitis treatment in India such as Narsing A. Rao, Amod Gupta, Rajeeve Buddi, Jyotirmay Biswas and S. R. Rathinam and when Rao inspired the others to form the "Uveitis Society of India" in 1999, he was among the founder members, serving as its founder secretary and treasurer, where he is a member of the advisory board of the society. He is involved with the "Himalayan Vision Project", a joint venture between LV Prasad Eye Institute and Himalayan Health Project and has been associated with journals including

neg: William Woodman Graham was a mountaineer rather than a surveyor, and that now Mount Everest has been climbed in a single day without oxygen, Graham's claims seem less outlandish than they once did, so that he should perhaps be credited with the ascent after all. The controversy remains unresolved. After Kabru, Graham attempted several other mountains in the area, but the onset of winter prevented him from making serious progress on any of them. He disappeared from mountaineering history after his year in the Himalayas, and after making his initial report of his Himalayan expedition he never made any further comment or engaged

neg: Headless men the headless people further east, in Asia, such as the Andrea Bianco map (1436) that depicted people who "all do not have heads ("omines qui non abent capites")" in India, on the same peninsula as the Terrestrial paradise. But other maps of the period such as the Andreas Walsperger's map (ca. 1448) did continue to locate the headless in Ethiopia. The post-medieval map of Guillaume Le Testu (pictured above) illustrates the headless and the dog-headed cynocephali north beyond the Himalayan mountains. "The Travels of Sir John Mandeville" writes of "ugly folk without heads, who have eyes in each shoulder" with

neg: Balkan Mountains in different time periods include "Aemon", "Haemimons", "Hem", "Emus", the Slavonic "Matorni gori" and the Turkish "Kodzhabalkan". Geologically, the Balkan Mountains are a "young" part of the Alp-Himalayan chain that stretches across most of Europe and Asia. It can be divided into two parts: the main Balkan Chain and the Pre-Balkans (Fore-Balkan) to the north, which intrude slightly into the Danubian Plain. To the south, the mountains border the Sub-Balkan valleys - a row of 11 valleys running from the Bulgarian border with Serbia east to the Black Sea, separating the Balkan mountains from a chain of other mountains known

neg: Vriddhagiriswarar Temple, Vriddhachalam a mountain. Lord Brahma who did not know this created many different mountains. As they did not have space to exist, he was sorrowful. The Pranava God appeared and conveyed Lord Brahma the truth through gestures. Brahma worshipped Lord Shiva who was the form of mountain. Lord Shiva created the earth combining the flesh and the water compounded in a hardened form. He called it medhini. He gave space for the mountains of Brahma. He told Brahma that he was not different from the mountain. The mountains of Brahma came into being after that mountain. Hence the mountain of Shiva

neg: Geography of Nepal finally rock and ice at the highest elevations. This corresponds to the Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands ecoregion. Subtropical forests dominate the lower elevations of the Hill Region. They form a mosaic running east-west across Nepal, with Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests between and Himalayan subtropical pine forests between . At higher elevations, to , are found temperate broadleaf forests: eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests to the east of the Gandaki River and western Himalayan broadleaf forests to the west. The native forests of the Mountain Region change from east to west as precipitation decreases. They can be broadly classified by their relation

neg: Ensapa Lobsang Döndrup, 3rd Panchen Lama Ensapa Lobsang Döndrup, 3rd Panchen Lama Ensapa Lobsang Döndrup (1505–1568) was a Tibetan Buddhist religious leader. He was posthumously recognised as the third Panchen Lama. Ensapa was known to have spent more than 20 years meditating in isolated caves near the Himalayan mountains. When he was a young boy Gyalwa Ensäpa received many visions of Buddha Shakyamuni. He also possessed natural clairvoyance and was able to know that people were about to visit his family even when they were still many days' journey away. Later, when he ordained as a monk, he was able to recite the entire "Perfection of

neg: Ruby Mountains Ruby Mountains The Ruby Mountains are a mountain range, primarily located within Elko County with a small extension into White Pine County, in Nevada, United States. Most of the range is included within the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest. The range reaches a maximum elevation of on the summit of Ruby Dome. To the north is Secret Pass and the East Humboldt Range, and from there the Rubies run south-southwest for about . To the east lies Ruby Valley, and to the west lie Huntington and Lamoille Valleys. The Ruby Mountains are the only known range of an introduced bird, the Himalayan

neg: Delichon to southern China and Southeast Asia. The Asian house martin breeds further south than common house martin in the mountains of central and eastern Asia; its nominate subspecies winters in Southeast Asia, but the races breeding in the Himalayan and Taiwan may just move from the high mountains to lower altitudes. The Nepal house martin is resident in the mountains of southern Asia. The preferred habitat of the common house martin is open country with low vegetation, such as pasture, meadows and farmland, and preferably near water, although it is also found in mountains up to at least 2,200 metres

neg: Iris kemaonensis kumanonensis', especially older references. or as 'Iris kamaonensis'. Which is now classified as a synonym of Iris kemaonensis. "Iris kemaonensis" was first named by Nathaniel Wallich in 1831 or 1832. But he did not publish or describe the iris, until later in 'Illustrations of the Botany of the Himalayan Mountains' (Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts.) Vol.1 Issue10, on page 372 in 1839. It was then published by David Don as 'Iris kamaonensis' in 1840, in 'Transactions of the Linnean Society' (Trans. Linn. Soc.) Vol.18 page311. It was then published by J. D. Hooker in 'Flora Brit. Ind' (Fl. Brit. Ind.) Vol.6