query: when did we start using dna to solve crimes

pos: DNA profiling of zoology, botany, and agriculture. The process of DNA profiling was developed in the United Kingdom in 1984 by geneticist Sir Alec Jeffreys while working in the Department of Genetics at the University of Leicester. The process, developed by Jeffreys in conjunction with Peter Gill and Dave Werrett of the Forensic Science Service (FSS), was first used forensically in the solving of the murder of two teenagers, Lynda Mann and Dawn Ashworth, who had been raped and murdered in Narborough, Leicestershire, in 1983 and 1986 respectively. In the subsequent murder inquiry, led by Detective David Baker, the DNA contained within

neg: DNA database a national law establishing DNA databases at state and national levels regarding DNA typing of individuals convicted of violent crimes. Following the decree of the Presidency of the Republic of Brazil in 2013, which regulates the 2012 law, Brazil began using CODIS in addition to the DNA databases of sexual assault evidence to solve sexual assault crimes in Brazil. France set up the DNA database called FNAEG in 1998. By December 2009, there were 1.27 million profiles on FNAEG. In Sweden, only the DNA profiles of criminals who have spent more than two years in prison are stored. In Norway

neg: Family Tree DNA had discovered someone in Argentina with the same ancestral surname and the same ancestral location in Eastern Europe. Wishing to use the same method of DNA comparison for his own genealogy, he contacted Dr. Michael Hammer at the University of Arizona. Greenspan discovered that academic labs did not offer testing directly to the public and that in general direct to consumer testing for genealogy was not commercially available either. Their conversation inspired him to start a company dedicated to using genetics to solve genealogy problems. It was early 2000 when Greenspan with his business partners Max Blankfeld and Jim Warren

neg: Bennett Greenspan to use the same method of DNA comparison for his own genealogy, he contacted Dr. Michael Hammer at the University of Arizona. Their conversation inspired Greenspan to start a company dedicated to using genetics to solve genealogy problems, Family Tree DNA. As personal genetic ancestry and genealogy industries grew, and so did Family Tree DNA. In 2004, Greenspan and Blankfeld hosted the first conference for advocates in the field. However, the industry faced ethics and infrastructure challenges. Though Family Tree DNA originally partnered with the University of Arizona for testing, Greenspan, and his now longtime business partner Max Blankfeld, eventually

neg: William Astbury and abundant substitute for wool as a raw material in the textile industry.To demonstrate the feasibility of this idea, ICI made an entire overcoat from Ardil which Astbury regularly sported to lectures and in the end, although Ardil did not prove to be the salvation of the British textile industry, it did serve as a powerful illustration of Astbury’s conviction that not only could we solve the structure of giant biomolecules such as proteins and DNA using X-rays, but that we might also then deliberately manipulate these structures for our own practical purposes. This was an idea which truly came

neg: Leonard Adleman to have potential as a means to solve several other large-scale combinatorial search problems. In 2002, he and his research group managed to solve a 'nontrivial' problem using DNA computation. Specifically, they solved a 20-variable SAT problem having more than 1 million potential solutions. They did it in a manner similar to the one Adleman used in his seminal 1994 paper. First, a mixture of DNA strands logically representative of the problem's solution space was synthesized. This mixture was then operated upon algorithmically using biochemical techniques to winnow out the 'incorrect' strands, leaving behind only those strands that 'satisfied' the

neg: Katie's Law to find and punish the person who had murdered their daughter; but as they learned more about how DNA can solve crimes, they also learned it could do so much more–it can prevent crimes and save lives. The proposed legislation encourages states to collect a sample through DNA profiling from individuals who are: arrested for, charged with or indicted for crimes involving murder, manslaughter, sexual assaults, and kidnapping or abduction. The collected samples are included in CODIS which contains more than 5 million records and used by law enforcement agencies. DNA profiling is not the same as full genome sequencing

neg: Mitchell R. Morrissey Science Technology Center in Tampa, Florida. He is also a member of the Denver Metro Crime Stoppers Advisory Board. Morrissey is the Vice-President of Board of Directors of Voices of Victims, a Colorado non-profit that provides post-sentencing support for victims of crime. Mitch Morrissey lives with his wife Maggie in Denver. Ashikhmin, S. et al. "Effectiveness and Cost Efficiency of DNA Evidence in Volume Crime." Denver, n.d. PDF. "Available in PDF Ashikhmin, S. et al. "Using DNA To Solve High-Volume Property Crimes In Denver: Saving Money, Lowering Crime Rates and Making Denver Safer." August/September 2008. Print. "Available on the Denver

neg: California Innocence Project those of 1998, which were attributed to a serial attacker known as the "Teardrop Rapist." The CIP requested that the clothes of the 1998 rape victim be examined for DNA, using technology not available at the time. The DNA samples did not match Vargas' DNA, but did match DNA taken from recent victims whose attacker matched the profile of the Teardrop Rapist. In September 2015, Vargas was exonerated of the crimes for which he had served nearly 16 years in prison. It was the CIP's third DNA exoneration and its 20th overall. Vargas is currently engaged in a civil suit

neg: Held–Karp algorithm starting with the smallest. Whenever computing a solution requires solutions for smaller problems using the above recursive equations, look up these solutions which are already computed. To compute a minimum distance tour, use the final equation to generate the 1st node, and repeat for the other nodes. For this problem, we cannot know which subproblems we need to solve, so we solve them all. Number the cities 1, 2, . . . , "N" and assume we start at city 1, and the distance between city "i" and city "j" is "d". Consider subsets "S" ⊆ {2, . . .

neg: Audrey McGinn using technology not available at the time. The DNA samples did not match Vargas' DNA, but did match DNA taken from recent victims whose attacker matched the profile of the Teardrop Rapist. In September 2015, Vargas was exonerated of the crimes for which he had served nearly 16 years in prison. In 2016, McGinn, with another CIP staff attorney, Raquel Cohen, discussed the details of this difficult case in a live Facebook podcast. While still a law school student, McGinn's interest in Latin America led her to join Proyecto ACCESO, a CWSL program promoting the rule of law in Latin

neg: Solanco School District to learn about the benefits of using DNA to solve crimes. The Science in Motion program was funded by a state appropriation and cost the school nothing to participate. Elizabethtown College offers the program in Lancaster County. According to a Pennsylvania Department of Education study released in January 2009, 37% of the Solanco High School graduates required remediation in mathematics and or reading before they were prepared to take college level courses in the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education or community colleges. Less than 66% of Pennsylvania high school graduates, who enroll in a four-year college in Pennsylvania, will

neg: Museum of Science & Industry (Tampa) using DNA to solve crimes to designing video games. Teens can explore careers in fields such as art, technology, math, engineering or science at the S.T.E.A.M. Career Camp. Attendees receive a S.T.E.A.M. Certificate of Achievement for successful completion. The camps are designed for students Pre-K through high school. Catering to the large, diverse community of Tampa Bay (and Florida at large), MOSI recognizes Hispanic Scientists through an annual award. The scientists attend Meet the Scientists Days, and they speak to children about their paths to the STEM fields. The Hispanic Scientist of the Year Award has been awarded since 2001.

neg: Anchor Force Equation (proof) Solve for formula_5 and simplify. Use a trigonometric identity to simplify more and arrive at our final solution for formula_5. Then use formula_14 from equation () and substitute into () to solve for formula_15 Let us now analyze a specific case in which the two anchors are "symmetrical" along the y-axis. Start by noticing formula_17 and formula_18 are the same. Let us start from equation () and substitute formula_18 for formula_17 and simplify. And using another trigonometric identity we can simplify the denominator. Note that formula_17 is half of the angle formula_26 between the two anchor points. To express the

neg: Rape kit kit, in whole or in part, to the forensic science crime lab for analysis. Forensic scientists will try to develop a DNA profile of the assailant using the samples collected in the rape kit. If successful, the crime lab will search the DNA profile against DNA profiles of convicted offenders and other crime scenes using a DNA database. For example, crime labs in the United States run DNA profiles through the three-tiered Combined DNA Index System (CODIS), which was developed in 1990 and contains DNA profiles at the national, state, and local level. Similarly, the need to solve sexual assault

neg: Emil Knudsen over his first official séance. Soon after, he went on tour throughout the world, demonstrating his abilities as a mind-reader. Using his reputed psychic abilities, he supposedly helped solve serious crimes and find missing people and things. However, Knudsen was most known for his mind-reading capabilities, especially during the times when he traveled abroad. He was able to impress with his ability to read people’s thoughts, and he came to be considered the best psychic in Europe. But Knudsen did not just use his supposed abilities for show; he was very much engaged as a psychic, and many sought out

neg: Biohistory the child numerous times. The use of genetics to solve this problem began a decade ago. Robert Parr, an adjunct professor familiar with extraction and DNA testing pursued one claim. Through mitochondrial DNA test of the remains, he tested the DNA with that of the siblings of the perceived child. When results did not match, the search continued. After another false identification due to perceived age, researchers have agreed on the identity of the child, Sidney Goodwin. Even with looking at other factors including teeth structures, researchers misidentified the child. Ryan Parr commented, “Luckily, it was a rare difference, so

neg: Numerical algebraic geometry can solve system, we do not use vector notation for formula_1. Similarly for the polynomial systems formula_3 and formula_4. Current canonical notation calls the start system formula_4, and the target system – the system to solve – formula_3. A very common homotopy, the straight-line homotopy, between formula_3 and formula_4 is formula_9 In the above homotopy, one starts the path variable at formula_10 and continues toward formula_11. Another common choice is to run from formula_12 to formula_13. In principle, the choice is completely arbitrary. In practice, regarding endgame methods for computing singular solutions using homotopy continuation, the target time being formula_12

neg: Euler substitution Euler substitution Euler substitution is a method for evaluating integrals of the form where formula_2 is a rational function of formula_3 and formula_4. In such cases, the integrand can be changed to a rational function by using the substitutions of Euler. The first substitution of Euler is used when formula_5. We substitute formula_6 and solve the resulting expression for formula_3. We have that formula_8 and that the formula_9 term is expressible rationally in formula_10. In this substitution, either the positive sign or the negative sign can be chosen. If formula_11, we take formula_12 We solve for formula_3 similarly as above

neg: DNA profiling blood samples obtained voluntarily from around 5,000 local men who willingly assisted Leicestershire Constabulary with the investigation, resulted in the exoneration of Richard Buckland, an initial suspect who had actually confessed to one of the crimes, and the subsequent conviction of Colin Pitchfork on January 2, 1988. Pitchfork, a worker at a local bakery, had persuaded a friend to stand-in for him when providing a blood sample using Pitchfork's identity. The deception was discovered when the friend was overheard boasting of the deception in a local pub. Pitchfork was then questioned by police and his DNA sampled, which confirmed his

neg: Dixon of Dock Green a paternal and steadying influence on his colleagues and episodes often highlighted the family-like nature of life in the station as well as Dixon's actual family life at home. With his experience as a police constable frequently in evidence, he was often shown as being able to solve crimes and to keep the peace using his knowledge of human behaviour and of the Dock Green area. The initial run of six episodes ended on 13 August with the "London Pride" segment and was deemed a success; a further series of 13 episodes was commissioned to start broadcasting on 9 June

neg: Inseparable differential equation Inseparable differential equation In mathematics, an inseparable differential equation is an ordinary differential equation that cannot be solved by using separation of variables. To solve an inseparable differential equation one can employ a number of other methods, like the Laplace transform, substitution, etc. Consider the general inseparable equation Now we will define a special factorial, "μ" as Thus: From here we can solve the equation using the above definition: Finally, we obtain: This can be used to solve most all inseparable equations containing no "y" to a degree other than one. For example, solving the inseparable equation: By arranging in

neg: Fluctuation theorem which is inconsistent with the real world, is obtained using an anti-causal assumption. That is to say that effect (the value taken on by the dissipation function) proceeds the cause (here the later state has been incorrectly used for the initial conditions). The Fluctuation Theorem shows how the 2nd law is a consequence of the assumption of causality. When we solve a problem we set the initial conditions and then let the laws of mechanics evolve the system forward in time, we don't solve problems by setting the final conditions and letting the laws of mechanics run backwards in time.

neg: Sherlock Bones the living legend Sherlock Holmes, and believes Takeru to be his partner Dr. Watson. Together they solve crimes that come their way and form a bond of trust and partnership. Sherdog is the reincarnation of Sherlock Holmes who had died 100 years ago. He is a mixed breed puppy with floppy ears and wrinkly feet. Adopted by a teenage boy, he seeks to continue to solve crimes and protect the world from murderers. He frequently forgets he is a dog, and continues to try and act like a normal human despite his physical appearance. Using a pipe kept by his

neg: Forensic identification to or originating from a specific population and genetic markers of a specimen are utilized. These types of tests are most accurate when all potential population's data have been gathered. Statistical analyses are used in assignment tests based on an individual's microsatellites or Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLPs). Using microsatellites in these studies is more favorable than AFLPs because the AFLPs required non-degraded tissue samples and higher errors have been reported when using AFLPs. Domestic animals such as dogs and cats can be utilized to help solve criminal cases. These can include homicides, sexual assaults, or robberies. DNA evidence from

neg: DNA read errors However, by maintaining separate colors for each sample set, additional information on how the bubbles were formed, whether by error or by repeats, presents itself. In 1997, the Department of Technology Development at Genzyme Genetics in Framingham, Massachusetts developed a new approach that provided a breakthrough in dealing with bubbles using the multiplex allele-specific diagnostic assay (MASDA). This program combines forward dot-blot, complex simultaneous probe hybridization and direct mutation detection to help solve the dual problem of multiple sample analysis. The colored de Bruijn graphs can be used to genotype any DNA sample at a known loci, even when the

neg: Roanoke Colony food as a result of the drought. The Lost Colony of Roanoke DNA Project was founded in 2007 by a group led by Roberta Estes, who owns a private DNA-testing company, in order to solve the mystery of the Lost Colony using historical records, migration patterns, oral histories and DNA testing. The project used Y chromosome, Mitochondrial DNA and Autosomal DNA. , they have not yet been able to positively identify any descendants of the colony. Roanoke Colony The Roanoke Colony (), also known as the Lost Colony, was the first attempt at founding a permanent English settlement in North

neg: Helen Dragas In an exit interview from the position, Dragas stated that, "I believe we did the right thing in that we pushed for needed change ... We did it the wrong way in that we misunderstood that when you're going to try to solve thorne-y problems at a high-profile, public institution, you need to communicate a lot -- a lot more than we did -- and with a lot of people. And that was a lesson that I, in particular, and the board learned the hard way." Her term as Rector ended at the end of June 2013, though she remains

neg: Informal education used as a means to learn about themselves, their communities, and their culture. If a person masters a skill by becoming deeply engaged in solving a problem, then giving students real world issues or opportunities to solve problems in their own lives and communities would significantly motivate and help them to master new concepts. Teaching students new scientific concepts by using cultural tools could eliminate the time spent trying to figure out whether concepts are useful or not. This may motivate learners and help them to master what we teach from the start. If we applied english and grammar lessons

neg: Stokely Carmichael down a dream street talking about sitting next to white people; and that that does not begin to solve the problem; that when we went to Mississippi we did not go to sit next to Ross Barnett; we did not go to sit next to Jim Clark; we went to get them out of our way; and that people ought to understand that; that we were never fighting for the right to integrate, we were fighting against white supremacy. Now, then, in order to understand white supremacy we must dismiss the fallacious notion that white people can give anybody their

neg: Working Cats Program Flower Mart in downtown Los Angeles. The area was plagued by rats, and the extermination methods (spraying poison) was not only making the humans sick, it did not solve the rat problem. Melya Kaplan, Executive Director of Voice For The Animals Foundation, brought in sterilized feral cats, and the rat situation was brought under control. The Los Angeles Police Department is another benefactor of the Working Cats Program. When some of the police stations were overrun with rats, Kaplan stepped in to suggest using the program. "We get cats from the shelter deemed feral (unsocialized), [who are] going to be

neg: DNA nanotechnology solve basic science problems in structural biology and biophysics. The earliest such application envisaged for the field, and one still in development, is in crystallography, where molecules that are difficult to crystallize in isolation could be arranged within a three-dimensional nucleic acid lattice, allowing determination of their structure. Another application is the use of DNA origami rods to replace liquid crystals in residual dipolar coupling experiments in protein NMR spectroscopy; using DNA origami is advantageous because, unlike liquid crystals, they are tolerant of the detergents needed to suspend membrane proteins in solution. DNA walkers have been used as nanoscale assembly

neg: Yagi–Uda antenna the transmitter. The parasitic element is designated 2, and since it is shorted at its "feedpoint" we can write that "V" = 0. Using the above relationships, then, we can solve for "I" in terms of "I": and so This is the current induced in the parasitic element due to the current "I" in the driven element. We can also solve for the voltage "V" at the feedpoint of the driven element using the earlier equation: where we have substituted "Z" = "Z". The ratio of voltage to current at this point is the "driving point impedance" "Z" of the

neg: System of bilinear equations We consider here the solution theory for bilinear equations in integers. Let the given system of bilinear equation be This system can be written as Once we solve this linear system of equations then by using rank factorization below, we can get a solution for the given bilinear system. Now we solve the first equation by using the Smith normal form. Given any formula_7 matrix formula_8, we can get two matrices formula_9 and formula_10 in formula_11 and formula_12, respectively such that formula_13, where formula_14 is as follows: where formula_16 and formula_17 for formula_18. Given a system formula_19, we can rewrite

neg: Aaron Kosminski Kosminski's sister from the shawl. Louhelainen stated that "The first strand of DNA showed a 99.2 percent match, as the analysis instrument could not determine the sequence of the missing 0.8 percent fragment of DNA. On testing the second strand, we achieved a perfect 100 percent match." In his book "Naming Jack The Ripper", Edwards names Kosminski as Jack the Ripper. Edwards was inspired to try to finally solve the case after the release of "From Hell", the 2001 Johnny Depp film about the Whitechapel murders. He bought at auction the shawl from which the DNA was extracted and commissioned

neg: Williams FW16 aerodynamics were an evolution of a platform designed around active suspension. The aerodynamics were therefore designed to work with active suspension and did not have the latitude required in a passive car. Newey said "The 1994 car was not a good car at all at the start of the year. It was very difficult to drive. We developed the aerodynamics using active suspension and we developed them [to work] in a very small window. Having had active suspension for two years, when we then lost it we had more trouble re-adapting to passive suspension than other people who hadn’t been

neg: War in Afghanistan (2001–present) widely; residents in the troubled South were mostly mixed or uncertain, while those in the West largely disagreed that more U.S. troops would help the situation. In December 2009, many Afghan tribal heads and local leaders from the south and east called for U.S. troop withdrawals. "I don't think we will be able to solve our problems with military force," said Muhammad Qasim, a Kandahar tribal elder. "We can solve them by providing jobs and development and by using local leaders to negotiate with the Taliban." "If new troops come and are stationed in civilian areas, when they draw Taliban

neg: Frank–Tamm formula and for extremely high frequencies it becomes unity. Consider a charged particle moving relativistically in a medium with a constant velocity. Start with Maxwell's equations (in Gaussian units) in the wave form and take the Fourier transformation: formula_14 formula_15 For a charge moving with velocity formula_8, the density and charge density can be expressed as formula_17 and formula_18, taking the Fourier transformation gives: formula_19 formula_20 Substituting this density and charge current into the wave equation, we can solve for the Fourier-form potentials: formula_21 and formula_22 Using the definition of the electromagnetic fields in terms of potentials, we then have the

neg: Madonna as a gay icon speech in which she stated that "things like bigotry, homophobia, hate crimes, bullying and any form of discrimation always seem to be a manifestation of fear of the unknown." and wagered that "if we just took the time to get to know one another, did our own investigation, looked beneath the surface of things, that we would find that we are not so different after all." She also said "you cannot use the name of God or religion to justify acts of violence to hurt, to hate, to discriminate." and called to start a revolution, asking the crowd "Are you

neg: Chakravala method we have the triple formula_27. Now that "k" is −4, we can use Brahmagupta's idea: it can be scaled down to the rational solution formula_28, which composed with itself three times, with formula_29 respectively, when k becomes square and scaling can be applied, this gives formula_30. Finally, such procedure can be repeated until the solution is found (requiring 9 additional self-compositions and 4 additional square-scalings): formula_31. This is the minimal integer solution. Suppose we are to solve formula_32 for "x" and "y". We start with a solution formula_33 for any "k" found by any means; in this case we can

neg: The Hockey Theme how the success of the song would help put Toronto on the international radar of the advertising industry. "Obviously we pleased people and we got a lot of work (out of it at the agency). I think we really did start the big centre that Toronto has turned out to be in the way of music, jingles and advertising." But she says it took nearly a decade, when her son's friends from school came to her door to meet her, for the song's popularity to fully sink in. In the 1970s, CBC began using the tune as the standard introduction

neg: Knuth–Bendix completion algorithm to solve the word problem. Our beginning three reductions are therefore A suffix of formula_39 (namely formula_40) is a prefix of formula_41, so consider the word formula_42. Reducing using (), we get formula_43. Reducing using (), we get formula_44. Hence, we get formula_45, giving the reduction rule Similarly, using formula_46 and reducing using () and (), we get formula_47. Hence the reduction Both of these rules obsolete (), so we remove it. Next, consider formula_48 by overlapping () and (). Reducing we get formula_49, so we add the rule Considering formula_50 by overlapping () and (), we get formula_51, so

neg: Bruce Alberts his tutor Jacques Fresco, in Paul M. Doty's laboratory. The summer's research led to the publication of two successful papers on mismatch errors in the helical structures of DNA and RNA, and Alberts decided to continue on in biophysics. He graduated with his A.B. in biochemical sciences, summa cum laude, in 1960. Alberts then worked with Paul M. Doty on an "enormously ambitious" thesis on DNA replication, attempting to solve the genetic code using nearest neighbor analysis of DNA polymerase. After failing his first oral examination in spring 1965, he completed his Ph.D. research in fall 1965. His doctorate in

neg: Inspector Rex dine her, much to Rex's chagrin. At the start of the next episode, they drunkenly awake in Fabbri's bed. Filippo Gori is Fabbri's boss who hates Rex when they first meet, and vows to eject him for being unauthorised. Eventually, he accepts that Rex can solve crimes and lets him stay; this came after Rex and Fabbri had brought down a prostitution and sex slave racket run by some illegal Chinese immigrants—Fabbri leaked the story to a journalist friend so that Rex was photographed on the front page of a newspaper. In the episode "A Man Alone" his partner is

neg: Jill Saward rape cases should be tried of a lesser offence. "I do [not] suggest the hypothetical victim is culpable," she commented, "only that she did nothing to help herself". Feminists responded negatively. In 2009, she campaigned against a European Court of Justice ruling that the DNA of people cleared of crimes must be deleted from the DNA Database after six years, or 12 years for serious crimes. In 2015, she spoke out against a proposal for rape suspects to remain anonymous until they are charged, describing it as "really insulting to victims and a really disappointing move" and sending a "damaging

neg: Polynomial interpolation Lagrange etc., (assuming we can do all our calculations perfectly) we will always get the same polynomial. We are trying to construct our unique interpolation polynomial in the vector space Π of polynomials of degree . When using a monomial basis for Π we have to solve the Vandermonde matrix to construct the coefficients for the interpolation polynomial. This can be a very costly operation (as counted in clock cycles of a computer trying to do the job). By choosing another basis for Π we can simplify the calculation of the coefficients but then we have to do additional calculations

neg: Azerbaijan–Turkey relations this definitely depends on resolution of the Nagorno-Karabakh problem.” Turkish Foreign Minister Ali Babacan clarified, “we want a solution in which everybody is a winner” in a statement made prior to the April 15 Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC) Foreign Ministers Council in Yerevan, "We don't say, 'Let's first solve one problem and solve the other later.' We want a similar process to start between Azerbaijan and Armenia. We are closely watching the talks between Azerbaijan and Armenia." Azerbaijani Foreign Minister Mahmud Mammad Guliev responded that the solution to the two countries' problems should be tied to the solution of

neg: True Crime (series) also toggle between different fighting styles, and switch to using a melee weapon at any time. Driving missions can involve either trying to catch another car, escape from another car, or tailing another car. At all times, when the player is in a car, their car's condition is shown on screen. If the car's health meter empties, the car is close to destruction. During normal driving missions in both games, the player can solve random crimes given by the radio dispatcher. In "New York City", the map is divided up into twenty different neighborhoods. When Reed solves a random crime

neg: Suspect (TV series) then attempt to solve the case. They however, know that the offender is one of four presented to them at the start. The children get the chance to use forensics equipment, to check fingerprints, and soil samples. They have the chance to talk to three of the four suspects, before making their final decision. If the children are correct, they receive entry in to the ACI (Academy of Criminal Investigation). Suspect (TV series) Suspect is a 2008 British whodunit crime mystery programme that aired the children's television channel CBBC and BBC. Children attempt to solve crimes committed at the fictional

neg: Forensic identification often not as demanding to be considered admissible in court. Forensic DNA analysis can be a useful tool in aiding forensic identification because DNA is found in almost all cells of our bodies except red blood cells. Deoxyribonucleic acid is located in two different places of the cell, the nucleus; which is inherited from both parents, and the mitochondria; inherited maternally. Similar to fingerprints, an individual’s DNA profile and characteristics are unique. Forensic identification using DNA can be useful in different cases such as determining suspects in violent crimes, solving paternity/maternity, and identifying human remains of victims from mass disasters

neg: Alex Chow York Times" that "residents may occupy various government departments". On 5 October, when the Federation of Students agreed to enter into dialogue with the government, Chow announced that the talks would be called off if attempts were made to forcefully remove protesters. In a speech at the main protest camp, he explained, "A dialogue is not a compromise. We will start arranging talks with the government, because we understand that there are people in both the government and here who want to solve society’s problems. We will not back down." Having attempted and failed to organise meetings with officials through

neg: Edge detection the gradient magnitude in the estimated gradient direction. A commonly used approach to handle the problem of appropriate thresholds for thresholding is by using thresholding with hysteresis. This method uses multiple thresholds to find edges. We begin by using the upper threshold to find the start of an edge. Once we have a start point, we then trace the path of the edge through the image pixel by pixel, marking an edge whenever we are above the lower threshold. We stop marking our edge only when the value falls below our lower threshold. This approach makes the assumption that edges

neg: Lagrange polynomial inversion of a matrix. Using a standard monomial basis for our interpolation polynomial formula_56, we must invert the Vandermonde matrix formula_57 to solve formula_55 for the coefficients formula_59 of formula_60. By choosing a better basis, the Lagrange basis, formula_61, we merely get the identity matrix, formula_53, which is its own inverse: the Lagrange basis automatically "inverts" the analog of the Vandermonde matrix. This construction is analogous to the Chinese Remainder Theorem. Instead of checking for remainders of integers modulo prime numbers, we are checking for remainders of polynomials when divided by linears. Furthermore, when the order is large, Fast Fourier

neg: United Kingdom National DNA Database been arrested and subsequently released without charge on 27 November 2008. A YouGov poll published on 4 December 2006, indicated that 48% of those interviewed disapproved of keeping DNA records of those who have not been charged with any crime, or who have been acquitted, with 37% in favour. In early 2007, five civil servants were arrested on charges of industrial espionage for allegedly stealing DNA information from the database and using it to establish a rival firm. In 2009 the Home Office consulted on plans to extend the period of DNA retention to twelve years for serious crimes and

neg: Spider-Woman (Jessica Drew) helped the Spider Army ultimately win the battle against the Inheritors. After the battle with the Inheritors, Jessica decided to quit the Avengers in order to start a new life and to focus on helping ordinary civilians. Jessica decides to help common people solve crimes, and enlists Ben Urich and the Porcupine. Knowing the universe will end soon, Reed Richards and Susan Storm choose Jessica and Natasha Romanoff to copilot a ship that will contain a handpicked few to restart humanity and escape the destruction of the universe. Their ship is shot down when the Children of Tomorrow from the

neg: 2010 Copiapó mining accident inside a small tent while reporters jockeyed for position, "but the worst nightmare is all of you." Based on their experience, the miners plan to start a foundation to help in the field of mine safety. Yonni Barrios said: "We're thinking about creating a foundation to solve [safety] problems in the mining industry. With this, with the experience that we had had, God help us, we should be able to solve these problems." Juan Illanes told El Mercurio: "We have to decide how to direct our project so this type of thing never happens again. It needs to be done,

neg: Zurich Protocols winner," in a statement made prior to the April 15 Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC) Foreign Ministers Council in Yerevan "we don't say, 'Let's first solve one problem and solve the other later.' We want a similar process to start between Azerbaijan and Armenia. We are closely watching the talks between Azerbaijan and Armenia." Armenian Foreign Minister Eduard Nalbandyan confirmed that "Turkey and Armenia have gone a long way toward opening the Turkey-Armenia border, and they will come closer to opening it soon," but dismissed any connection to the Nagorno-Karabakh dispute which he stated was being handled through the OSCE

neg: Bill Lockyer create the largest state-run DNA criminal data-bank in the country. Since 1988, California law had required blood samples taken from felons convicted of specific sex and violent crimes, in the hope of reinvigorating often “cold” investigations of unsolved crimes. When Lockyer took office, 100,000 of these blood samples were sitting in cold storage, still waiting to be analyzed and compared to DNA taken from crime scene evidence. In June 2001, Lockyer announced that with an expanded DNA Lab staff and new equipment, the backlog of unanalyzed blood samples had been entirely eliminated, leading to identification of suspects in homicide cases

neg: Jurassic Park III: Danger Zone! the start of the game. Dinosaurs include "T. rex", "Spinosaurus", "Brachiosaurus", "Compsognathus", "Pteranodon", "Velociraptor", and "Stegosaurus". The player can buy items, which can be used against dinosaurs. "Jurassic Park III: Danger Zone!" features a variety of diverse mini-games. Many mini-games are side-scrolling games that feature the same armored character used in "Dino Defender". Other mini-games such as "Raging Raptors" involves the player controlling a raptor and fighting another raptor, or hunting in a field to obtain DNA of dinosaurs using a helicopter. When the player has filled the "DNA meter" with the DNA of the chosen dinosaur, the creature is

neg: Florence Bell (scientist) The importance of Bell's work on DNA is that, although today we know that several features of her proposed model are incorrect, it nevertheless showed that DNA had a regular, ordered structure that could be studied using X-ray crystallography and so laid the foundations for later work by Maurice Wilkins, Rosalind Franklin and Raymond Gosling as well as providing James Watson and Francis Crick with a key measurement - the distance between adjacent bases - when they began their own attempt to build a model of DNA. It is also worth noting that this work was done at a time

neg: Hip-Hip and Hurra that is unrelated to the main mystery. Other episodes have twists on the usual formula - for example in one episode Hip-Hip and Hurra solve the mystery behind a series of crimes early on (as a meta-joke even the end credits start rolling). However the thief, who turns out to be a magpie, claims she is not responsible for the crimes she committed, and the animals put her on a trial with Hip-Hip as the judge. In the end they all learn that the magpie's actions (stealing shiny objects) were strictly motivated by her instincts so she can't be punished

neg: Integration using Euler's formula to simplify the integrand. We can use Euler's identity instead: At this point, it would be possible to change back to real numbers using the formula . Alternatively, we can integrate the complex exponentials and not change back to trigonometric functions until the end: Consider the integral This integral would be extremely tedious to solve using trigonometric identities, but using Euler's identity makes it relatively painless: At this point we can either integrate directly, or we can first change the integrand to and continue from there. Either method gives In addition to Euler's identity, it can be helpful to make

neg: Sample size determination mean. When estimating the population mean using an independent and identically distributed (iid) sample of size "n", where each data value has variance "σ", the standard error of the sample mean is: This expression describes quantitatively how the estimate becomes more precise as the sample size increases. Using the central limit theorem to justify approximating the sample mean with a normal distribution yields an approximate 95% confidence interval of the form If we wish to have a confidence interval that is "W" units in width, we would solve for "n", yielding the sample size "n" = 16"σ/W. For example, if

neg: Traces series are tested to their limits with a series of intriguing, mysterious events. Pushed to the edge, can Luke beat his opponent to the finish and solve the case before something else goes wrong? Luke and Malc discover a large number of fatalities at a hospital. He finds his long-lost father there in connection with the crimes. Luke's father is then named a suspect because of his DNA matching traces found in all of the victims' rooms. (This book is only available as an e-book) Forensic Investigator Luke Harding has left York Hospital after surgery on his damaged brain. Before he

neg: Hot start PCR in PCR. Hot start PCR significantly reduces nonspecific priming, the formation of primer dimers, and often, increases product yields. Classic methods, while effective, involve additional handling and increased risk of contamination. If the DNA polymerase is chemically modified, the re-activation time during the initial denaturation stage of the PCR cycle is increased because you need to wait for the enzyme to activate. This increased heating time could damage the DNA. Studies have also shown that some modifications by chemicals can cause issues for amplifying long strands of DNA (larger than 3kb). A disadvantage of using antibodies for hot start PCR

neg: Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA investigators in future experiments that involved the construction and propagation of recombinant DNA molecules using DNA from prokaryotes, bacteriophages and other plasmids, animal viruses and eukaryotes. For prokaryotes, bacteriophages and other plasmids, experiments could be performed in minimal risk containment facilities when the construction of recombinant DNA molecules and their propagation involved prokaryotic agents that were known to exchange genetic information naturally. For experiments involving the creation and propagation of recombinant DNA molecules from DNAs of species that ordinarily did not exchange genetic information and generate novel biotypes, the experiments were to be performed in at least in a low

neg: Correlation gap probabilities of the variables, but we do not know whether they are correlated or not. If we just ignore the correlation and solve the problem as if the variables are independent, the resulting solution is a formula_6-approximation to the optimal solution. The correlation gap was used to bound the loss of revenue when using a Bayesian-optimal pricing instead of a Bayesian-optimal auction. Correlation gap In stochastic programming, the correlation gap is the worst-case ratio between the cost when the random variables are correlated to the cost when the random variables are independent. As an example, consider the following optimization problem.

neg: Cube cube has the largest volume among cuboids with the same total linear size (length+width+height). For a cube whose circumscribing sphere has radius "R", and for a given point in its 3-dimensional space with distances "d" from the cube's eight vertices, we have: Doubling the cube, or the "Delian problem", was the problem posed by ancient Greek mathematicians of using only a compass and straightedge to start with the length of the edge of a given cube and to construct the length of the edge of a cube with twice the volume of the original cube. They were unable to solve

neg: We Solve the Crime truth, Branski brings forth his gun and aims it at his head. French says the world is terrible, and Branski drops the gun in agreement. The two drive back as the scene ends. In reviewing "Hot Streets", "Bubbleblabber"s John Schwarz remarked "the early roots [...] can be traced back to the Channel 101 days when [Wysol] produced shorts like "We Solve the Crime"." We Solve the Crime We Solve the Crime is a Channel 101 and YouTube Internet video published on July 30, 2011. In 2011, writer Brian Wysol created a series of shorts for Dan Harmon and Rob Schrab's

neg: DNA profiling FBI. CODIS enables law enforcement officials to test DNA samples from crimes for matches within the database, providing a means of finding specific biological profiles associated with collected DNA evidence. When a match is made from a national DNA databank to link a crime scene to an offender having provided a DNA sample to a database, that link is often referred to as a "cold hit". A cold hit is of value in referring the police agency to a specific suspect but is of less evidential value than a DNA match made from outside the DNA Databank. FBI agents cannot

neg: Replisome binding proteins) is not suitable for polymerisation. This is because the chemical reactions catalysed by replicative polymerases require a free 3' OH in order to initiate nucleotide chain elongation. In terms of structure, the conformation of replicative polymerase active sites (which is highly related to the inherent accuracy of replicative polymerases) means these factors cannot start chain elongation without a pre-existing chain of nucleotides, because no known replicative polymerase can start chain elongation de novo. Priming enzymes, (which are DNA-dependent RNA polymerases), solve this problem by creating an RNA primer on the leading and lagging strands. The leading strand is

neg: Metadesign the product could be seen to achieve high levels of perceived value, throughout the whole design cycle. Some supporters of metadesign hope that it will extend the traditional notion of system design beyond the original development of a system by allowing users to become co-designers. By harnessing creative teamwork within a suitable co-design framework, some metadesigners have sought to catalyse changes at a behavioural level. However, as Einstein said, "We can't solve problems by using the same kind of thinking we used when we created them". This points to a need for appropriate innovation at all levels, including the metaphorical

neg: Alleged war crimes during the final stages of the Sri Lankan Civil War The BBC's Charles Haviland in Colombo noted, however, that Fonseka did not make a blanket denial that no war crimes had been committed, but rather stipulated that no war crimes took place to his knowledge. Next, in a June 7, 2010 interview with the BBC's Hard Talk programme Defence Secretary Rajapaksa threatened to execute Fonseka if he testified at an independent war crimes investigation, stating "He can't do that..That is a treason. We will hang him if he do that." The next day, June 8, 2010, General Fonseka denied having told lies or having committing treason when speaking of the

neg: The Settlers II to work. I remember the ships did not transport the things you wanted to other islands, we couldn't solve this problem at the time. Because at this time, the development systems were much more difficult to use and we didn't have the ability to debug code as we do today. It was just not working as we wanted it to work." When "The Settlers III" went into development in 1997, Blue Byte again sought feedback from fans, and one of the most requested aspects for the new game was that the shipping system from "The Settlers II" be reprogrammed. In

neg: Epigenetics in forensic science obtaining newborn epigenetic profiles for long-term research. Epigenetics in forensic science Epigenetics in forensic science is the application of epigenetics to solving crimes. Forensic science has been using DNA as evidence since 1984, however this does not give information about any changes in the individual since birth and will not be useful in distinguishing identical siblings. The focus of epigenetics in the forensic field is on non-heritable changes such as aging and diseases. Epigenetics involves any changes to the DNA that does not affect the sequence, but instead affects the activity of the DNA, such as the level of transcription

neg: Epigenetics in forensic science Epigenetics in forensic science Epigenetics in forensic science is the application of epigenetics to solving crimes. Forensic science has been using DNA as evidence since 1984, however this does not give information about any changes in the individual since birth and will not be useful in distinguishing identical siblings. The focus of epigenetics in the forensic field is on non-heritable changes such as aging and diseases. Epigenetics involves any changes to the DNA that does not affect the sequence, but instead affects the activity of the DNA, such as the level of transcription of a particular gene. These changes can

neg: Catalan number Another way to get "c"("x") is to solve for "xc"("x") and observe that formula_20 appears in each term of the power series. This proof depends on a trick known as André's reflection method, which was originally used in connection with Bertrand's ballot theorem. (The reflection principle has been widely attributed to Désiré André, but his method did not actually use reflections; and the reflection method is a variation due to Aebly and Mirimanoff.) We count the paths which start and end on the diagonal of the "n" × "n" grid. All such paths have "n" rightward and "n" upward steps.

neg: Nanjing Massacre latter process we are glad to cooperate in any way we can. But even last night between 8 and 9 p.m. when five Occidental members of our staff and Committee toured the Zone to observe conditions, we did not find any single Japanese patrol either in the Zone or at the entrances! The Japanese troops did respect the Zone to an extent; until the Japanese occupation, no shells entered that part of the city except a few stray shots. During the chaos following the attack of the city, some were killed in the Safety Zone, but the crimes that occurred

neg: Strengthening State and Local Cyber Crime Fighting Act of 2017 like DNA samples, might not be enough to solve cases, because criminals are more frequently breaking the law and leaving behind traces on the internet. In March 2017, Ratcliffe said, "Cyber elements add layers of complexity to the crimes our local law enforcement officers face every day ‒ and we've got to make sure they have access to the training they need to address this trend." As of July 2017, the Senate has not yet considered the bill, although Senators Chuck Grassley (R-Iowa), Dianne Feinstein (D-California), Richard Shelby (R-Alabama), Sheldon Whitehouse (D-Rhode Island), and Luther Strange (R-Alabama) introduced a companion

neg: KaDee Strickland possible. Through her work with RAINN for this storyline, Strickland felt a personal connection with the group and decided to become an advocate for the organization. Since then she has spoken out for the passage of the SAFER act to eliminate the backlog of untested DNA evidence and has become a vocal advocate for using DNA evidence to solve rape cases. She also worked with Gorjana to create an exclusive piece of jewelry for RAINN, in which 80% of the sale price goes directly to the organization. KaDee Strickland Katherine Dee "KaDee" Strickland (born December 14, 1975) is an American

neg: DNA teleportation we cannot work at the extremely high dilutions used in homeopathy; we cannot go further than a 10 dilution, or we lose the signal. But even at 10, you can calculate that there is not a single molecule of DNA left. And yet we detect a signal." DNA teleportation DNA teleportation (also called DNA transduction) is a pseudoscientific claim that DNA produces electromagnetic signals (EMS), measurable when highly diluted in water. This signal can supposedly be recorded, transmitted electronically, and re-emitted on another distant pure water sample, where DNA can replicate through polymerase chain reaction despite the absence of the

neg: Yevgeny Chuplinsky and the police did not further investigate. In 2006, the police renewed their interest in Chuplinsky, in relation to another string of murders, but once more they could not find sufficient evidence to tie him to the crimes. Their interest in Chuplinsky would cease for the subsequent decade. Only in 2016 did they renew their investigation of his involvement in the murders, at which point they requested a DNA sample from him. At that time, it matched a DNA sample found on the clothing of one of the victims. On 28 April 2016, Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian

neg: D'Alembert's formula formula_10 to transform the PDE to formula_11. The general solution of this PDE is formula_12 where formula_13 and formula_14 are formula_15 functions. Back in formula_16 coordinates, This solution formula_18 can be interpreted as two waves with constant velocity formula_24 moving in opposite directions along the x-axis. Now let us consider this solution with the Cauchy data formula_25. Using formula_26 we get formula_27. Using formula_28 we get formula_29. We can integrate the last equation to get Now we can solve this system of equations to get Now, using d'Alembert's formula becomes: The general form of an inhomogeneous canonical hyperbolic type differential

neg: Computational resource the inputs get bigger, the amount of computational resources needed to solve a problem will increase. Thus, the resources needed to solve a problem are described in terms of asymptotic analysis, by identifying the resources as a function of the length or size of the input. Resource usage is often partially quantified using Big O notation. Computational resources are useful because we can study which problems can be computed in a certain amount of each computational resource. In this way, we can determine whether algorithms for solving the problem are optimal and we can make statements about an algorithm's efficiency.

neg: Generalized eigenvector form where the formula_142 are the eigenvalues from the main diagonal of formula_20 and the formula_321 are the ones and zeros from the superdiagonal of formula_20. The system () is often more easily solved than (). We may solve the last equation in () for formula_323, obtaining formula_324. We then substitute this solution for formula_323 into the next to last equation in () and solve for formula_326. Continuing this procedure, we work through () from the last equation to the first, solving the entire system for formula_327. The solution formula_312 is then obtained using the relation (). Generalized eigenvector In

neg: New Amsterdam (2008 TV series) by 1941 an attorney. At some point he attended Columbia University and served in the CIA. (See below for a detailed timeline.) Amsterdam's quest to find his "true love" drives the series. But in each episode as a policeman he has crimes to solve, which he does using his deep and often personal knowledge of history, depicted as flashbacks. Though estranged from and unknown to most of his many descendants, except his 65-year-old son Omar, he tries to keep track of them and aids them when possible. The title sequence is a time lapse series of images of the place

neg: Phantom of Heilbronn to the conclusion that the mysterious criminal did not exist and that the laboratory results were due to contamination of the cotton buds used for DNA probing. Although sterile, the swabs are not certified for human DNA collection. The cotton swabs used by many state police departments were found to have been contaminated before shipping. It was found that the contaminated swabs all came from the same factory, which employs several Eastern European women who fit the type the DNA was assumed to match. Bavaria, although a region central to the crimes, obtained their swabs from a different factory. They

neg: Replication timing prior to cell division. The other way is to label newly synthesized DNA with chemically tagged nucleotides that become incorporated into the strands as they are synthesized, and then catch cells at different times during the duplication process and purify the DNA synthesized at each of these times using the chemical tag. In either case, we can measure the amount of the different DNA sequences along the length of the chromosome either directly using a machine that reads how much of each sequence is present or indirectly using a process called microarray hybridization. In any case, the temporal order of

neg: True Crime: New York City a set time. The more times the player presses the button, the more devastating the resulting special attack. The player can also toggle between different fighting styles, and switch to using a melee weapon at any time. Driving missions can involve either trying to catch another car, or escape from another car. At all times, when the player is in a car, their car's condition is shown on screen. If the car's health meter empties, the car is close to destruction. As with "Streets of LA", during normal driving missions, the player can solve random crimes given by the radio

neg: Brent Fischer hear everything he had ever written... I wanted to make sure we got a chance to record him playing, we got a chance to record all of his bands playing, and even if he only got a chance to hear rough tracks, or even, in the case of some large orchestral pieces, a computer mock-up using samples. I'm happy to say I "did" accomplish that goal... and got specific instructions from him for how each of these pieces should be finalized. Now because we've been doing all this recording, it's finally time to start releasing. We did a little bit

neg: Clearance rate when a crime has been "cleared." One police force may appear to have a much better clearance rate because of its calculation methodology. In System Conflict Theory, it is argued that clearance rates cause the police to focus on "appearing "to solve crimes (generating high clearance rate scores) rather than actually solving crimes. Further focus on clearance rates may result in effort being expended to attribute crimes (correctly or incorrectly) to a criminal, which may not result in retribution, compensation, rehabilitation or deterrence. Definition: A measure of investigative effectiveness that compares the number of crimes reported or discovered to the

neg: Glitter (How I Met Your Mother) Glitter (How I Met Your Mother) "Glitter" is the ninth episode of the sixth season of the CBS sitcom "How I Met Your Mother", and the 121st episode overall. It aired on November 15, 2010. When Lily becomes obsessed with babies, Robin becomes distant from her. Meanwhile, Barney has found a disc he calls "Robin Sparkles 3," which contains "Space Teens", a variety series involving two Canadian teenagers, Robin Sparkles and Jessica Glitter (Nicole Scherzinger), using math to solve crimes presented by Alan Thicke. The group claim that much of the "Space Teens" dialogue is laden with innuendo, which Robin

neg: Hierarchy (mathematics) we can find some other number formula_2 so that formula_3. That is, formula_4 is bigger than formula_5 only because we can get to formula_4 from formula_5 "using" formula_2. This is true for any commutative monoid. On the other hand, the set of integers "Z" requires a more sophisticated argument for its hierarchical structure, since we can always solve the equation formula_3 by writing formula_10. A mathematical hierarchy (a pre-ordered set) should not be confused with the more general concept of a hierarchy in the social realm, particularly when one is constructing computational models which are used to describe real-world social,

neg: LRC (file format) and specify the gender of the lyrics by using M: Male, F: Female, D: Duet. [00:12.00]Line 1 lyrics Let's say we use blue for male, red for female and pink for Duet. Line 1 using the default color (blue) when no tag is found. Line 2 lyrics start with red when F: is found. Line 3 lyrics start with blue when M: is found. Line 4 lyrics stays blue when no tag is found. Line 5 lyrics start with pink when D: is found. Line 6 lyrics stays pink when no tag is found. Enhanced LRC format is an extension

neg: Oxfam Although Oxfam disclosed details of the incident to the Charity Commission, the Commission revealed after "The Times" investigation that it had never received Oxfam's final investigation report and Oxfam “did not detail the precise allegations, nor did it make any indication of potential sexual crimes involving minors”. A spokesperson for the Commission commented that: "We will expect the charity to provide us with assurance that it has learnt lessons from past incidents". Oxfam later explained it had not given details to the Commission beyond "inappropriate sexual behaviour" because using prostitutes in Haiti was not illegal. In response to the revelations,

neg: Illinois Innocence Project donations. In 2010, the Illinois Innocence Project received a grant from United States Department of Justice in order to provide funding for laboratory DNA testing, evidence location by investigators, and the filing of post-conviction DNA testing motions in court. The grant is named after Kirk Bloodsworth, whose case was the first DNA death penalty exoneration in the United States. The Illinois Innocence Project (IIP) provides investigative and legal research services to attorneys representing inmates who both the attorneys and the Project have good reason to believe did not commit the crimes for which they were convicted. The IIP involves degree

neg: Social media analytics filtered data as input and transforms that into information of value to the analysts. Many different types of analysis can be performed with social media data. The data analysis step begins once we know what problem we want to solve and know that we have sufficient data that is enough to generate a meaningful result. How can we know if we have enough evidence to warrant a conclusion? The answer to this question is; we don't know. We can't know this unless we start analyzing the data. While analyzing if we found the data isn't sufficient, reiterate the first phase

neg: Hot start PCR Hot start PCR Hot start PCR is a modified form of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) which avoids a non-specific amplification of DNA by inactivating the DNA polymerase at lower temperatures. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a method in molecular biology used to amplify a single copy or a few copies of specific pieces of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a target DNA sequence. In conventional PCR, the DNA polymerase is slightly active at room temperature, and to a lesser degree, even on ice. In some instances, when all the reaction components

neg: DNA database This technology can be used to link crimes to the family members of suspects and thereby help identify a suspect when the perpetrator has no DNA sample in the database. Furthermore, DNA databases could fall into the wrong hands due to data breaches or data sharing. In a judgement in December 2008, the European Court of Human Rights ruled that two British men should not have had their DNA and fingerprints retained by police saying that retention "could not be regarded as necessary in a democratic society". The DNA fingerprinting pioneer Professor Sir Alec Jeffreys condemned UK government plans to

neg: DNA profiling people think of DNA analysis they often think about shows like NCIS or CSI, which portray DNA samples coming into a lab and then instantly analyzed. With a picture of the suspect being able to be pulled up in minutes. Reality however is not like TV, and perfect DNA samples are often not collected from the scene of a crime. Homicide victims are frequently left exposed to harsh conditions before they are found and objects used to commit crimes have often been handled by more than one person. The two most prevalent issues that forensic scientists encounter when analyzing DNA

neg: Three-anti and Five-anti Campaigns have illegally obtained 50 million yuan. His employees continued to criticize the owner for greater crime until he reconfessed to having obtained 2 billion yuan. The victims of the antis campaigns were mostly terrified and humiliated, some were killed, and others were sent to labor camps around China. Mao evaluated the situation, saying that "We must probably execute 10,000 to several tens of thousands of embezzlers nationwide before we can solve the problem." The Three-Antis Campaign came with harsher punishments, some involving torture , and all found guilty of their confessed or unconfessed crimes were made to pay fines to