query: where did vikings first land in north america

pos: Norse colonization of North America last as long. While voyages, for example to collect timber, are likely to have occurred for some time, there is no evidence of any lasting Norse settlements on mainland North America. According to the Sagas of Icelanders, Norsemen from Iceland first settled Greenland in the 980s. There is no special reason to doubt the authority of the information that the sagas supply regarding the very beginning of the settlement, but they cannot be treated as primary evidence for the history of Norse Greenland because they embody the literary preoccupations of writers and audiences in medieval Iceland that are not always

pos: Exploration of North America and John Wesley Powell Surveys, and expeditions by Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden. In 1879, all such efforts were reorganized as the United States Geological Survey. Exploration of North America The exploration of North America by non-indigenous people was a continuing effort to map and explore the continent of North America. It spanned centuries, and consisted of efforts by numerous people and expeditions from various foreign countries to map the continent. The European colonization of the Americas followed. According to the Sagas of Icelanders, Norse sailors (often called Vikings) from Iceland first settled Greenland in the 980s. Erik the Red explored and

pos: Exploration of North America Exploration of North America The exploration of North America by non-indigenous people was a continuing effort to map and explore the continent of North America. It spanned centuries, and consisted of efforts by numerous people and expeditions from various foreign countries to map the continent. The European colonization of the Americas followed. According to the Sagas of Icelanders, Norse sailors (often called Vikings) from Iceland first settled Greenland in the 980s. Erik the Red explored and settled southwestern Greenland, which he named to entice potential Icelandic settlers, eventually establishing the Eastern and Western Settlements, which were abandoned around 1350. L'Anse

neg: Vinland traces of human activity." Vinland Vinland, Vineland or Winland () is the area of coastal North America explored by Norse Vikings, where Leif Erikson first landed in ca. 1000, approximately five centuries prior to the voyages of Christopher Columbus and John Cabot. "Vinland" was the name given to North America as far as it was explored by the Vikings, presumably including both Newfoundland and the Gulf of Saint Lawrence as far as northeastern New Brunswick (where the eponymous grapevines are found). In 1960, archaeological evidence of the only known Norse settlement in North America (outside Greenland) was found at L'Anse

neg: Vinland Vinland Vinland, Vineland or Winland () is the area of coastal North America explored by Norse Vikings, where Leif Erikson first landed in ca. 1000, approximately five centuries prior to the voyages of Christopher Columbus and John Cabot. "Vinland" was the name given to North America as far as it was explored by the Vikings, presumably including both Newfoundland and the Gulf of Saint Lawrence as far as northeastern New Brunswick (where the eponymous grapevines are found). In 1960, archaeological evidence of the only known Norse settlement in North America (outside Greenland) was found at L'Anse aux Meadows on the

neg: Norwegian Canadians at L'Anse aux Meadows on the northern tip of the island of Newfoundland, in what is now the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. Although this proved conclusively the Vikings' pre-Columbian discovery of North America, whether this exact site is the Vinland of the Norse accounts is still a subject of debate. There is a consensus among scholars that the Vikings did reach North America, approximately five centuries prior to the voyages of Christopher Columbus. The main sources of information about the Norse voyages to Vinland are two Icelandic sagas, "The Saga of Eric the Red" and the "Saga of

neg: William Weston (explorer) William Weston (explorer) William Weston was a 15th-century English merchant from Bristol, who was probably the first Englishman to lead an expedition to North America, the voyage taking place most likely in 1499 or 1500. The fact of Weston's leadership has been discovered only in the early 21st century, and it changes interpretations of the discovery era. He also is believed to have been part of John Cabot's landmark 1497 expedition, the first European expedition to North America since the Vikings 500 years before. William Weston is believed to have been born in Bristol, where he became a fairly minor

neg: Elliot Lake Vikings season proved to be the Vikings' most successful season ever, finishing second in the League Standings, winning the NOJHL Championship. They became the first NOJHL Team to ever win a game against an Ontario Provincial Junior A Hockey League team, beating the North York Rangers in Guelph, Ontario, where the game was played due to arena scheduling conflicts with the Rangers home rink and later in Elliot Lake in front of crowds so big that the fire marshal was limiting fans to the building due to the size of the crowds. The Vikings did lose the series 3-games-to-2 to the

neg: 2009 Minnesota Vikings season on Sunday night would make Minnesota repeat division champions for the first time since 1978, when they won six consecutive NFC Central titles. Also, if the Eagles lost against San Francisco, the Vikings would also clinch a first-round bye in the NFC playoffs. Coming off their home win over the Bengals, the Vikings flew to Bank of America Stadium to face the Carolina Panthers in a Week 15 Sunday Night duel. The Vikings clinched the NFC North about an hour before the game thanks in part to Pittsburgh's 37–36 last-second win over the Packers. With a win, the Vikings would

neg: Sauðárkrókur hot pool located north of Sauðárkrókur is mentioned in the Grettis saga. Sauðárkrókur got its name from the creek that runs through the land. The creek is named Sauðá, and the name Sauðárkrókur indicates that this is the coast where Sauðá meets the Arctic Ocean. Directly translated to English, the name would be 'Sheep-river-hook'. Iceland was settled in the late 9th century, mostly by Scandinavian Vikings. The Skagafjörður region had many settlers, who divided the land according to commonly acknowledged rules. The land where Sauðárkrókur stands was first taken by the Viking Sæmundr Suðureyski ("Sæmundur from the South Islands". 'South

neg: The Vikings NA The Vikings NA The Vikings NA is a Viking-Age re-enactment group based in the United States of America. The group was founded in 2003 as the North American arm of The Vikings (reenactment) and it currently has member groups in California, Oklahoma, Indiana, Louisiana, Missouri, Arkansas, Nebraska, Mississippi, and Washington. Its primary mission is to reenact the culture of "Viking Age" Northern Europe. This is achieved through participation at Renaissance Faires, Scandinavian heritage festivals, and other living-history events where period crafts and live-steel weapons combat are demonstrated to members of the public. The standard format is for the group to

neg: Vikings of reenactors has increased. The largest such groups include The Vikings and Regia Anglorum, though many smaller groups exist in Europe, North America, New Zealand, and Australia. Many reenactor groups participate in live-steel combat, and a few have Viking-style ships or boats. The Minnesota Vikings of the National Football League are so-named owing to the large Scandinavian population in the US state of Minnesota. During the banking boom of the first decade of the twenty-first century, Icelandic financiers came to be styled as "útrásarvíkingar" (roughly 'raiding vikings'). Modern reconstructions of Viking mythology have shown a persistent influence in late 20th-

neg: Minnesota Vikings rounds of the 2016 NFL draft. Their sixth-round selection, German wide receiver Moritz Böhringer, was the first European player ever to be drafted by an NFL team without having previously played at any level in North America. After Teddy Bridgewater went down with a knee injury in the preseason of 2016, the Vikings traded their 2017 first round pick and a conditional fourth round pick to the Philadelphia Eagles for quarterback Sam Bradford, who threw for 20 touchdowns, 5 interceptions, 3,877 yards, and led the Vikings to an 8-8 season. Following the knee injury, the Vikings declined to pick up

neg: Great Heathen Army Mercian king into exile and finally conquered Mercia; the exiled Mercian king was replaced by Ceowulf. According to Alfred the Great's biographer Asser, the Vikings then split into two bands. Halfdan led one band north to Northumbria, where he overwintered by the river Tyne (874–75). In 875 he ravaged further north to Scotland, where he fought the Picts and the Britons of Strathclyde. Returning south of the border in 876, he shared out Northumbrian land amongst his men, who "ploughed the land and supported themselves"; this land was part of what became known as the Danelaw. According to Asser, the

neg: Hilgenried Bay command of Archbishop Rimbert of Bremen-Hamburg defeated the Danish Vikings, precipitating the complete withdrawal of Vikings from East Frisia. The bay only needed to be relatively lightly dyked during the High Middle Ages because the local streams only had a very small catchment and did not hinder the reclamation of land greatly. Nesse was cut off from the sea no later than the 13th century and around 1300 the enclosing line of dykes was completed. Hilgenried Bay Hilgenried Bay () is a bay on the German North Sea coast near Hilgenriedersiel, a village in the municipality of Hagermarsch in the

neg: History of Nova Scotia firm of Florence. With financing secure and patent issued by Henry VII to Cabot and his three sons, he set sail in 1496. Upon landing on 24 June 1497, Cabot raised the Venetian and Papal banners, claiming the land for the King of England and recognising the religious authority of the Roman Catholic Church. After this landing, Cabot spent some weeks "discovering the coast," with most "discovered after turning back." Cabot's expedition is believed to be the first by Europeans to mainland North America since the Vikings five hundred years before. Historian Alwyn Ruddock who worked on Cabot and his

neg: 2005 Minnesota Vikings season the season. The Bears' offense was limited by rookie quarterback Kyle Orton, who threw for 117 yards, but did find Desmond Clark for two touchdowns. The Bears were also held to 95 yards, led by 89 yards by Thomas Jones, who did find the end zone twice in the fourth quarter to close out the game. The Vikings hosted the Packers in Week 7 with the two teams propping up the NFC North with 1–4 records. After a scoreless first quarter, Brett Favre started to find success against the Vikings defense, leading the Packers on two second-quarter touchdown drives in

neg: Burt Lake burn-out perpetuity was on the six in question land deeds, receive notice of a property tax assessment on the lands (which all had been placed in trust to his office). Nor did the Governor received any legal notice that the six land deeds in question were delinquent in any wrongly assessed property taxes. The first sovereign nations the newly created United States of America dealt with was the North American-based "Indigenous People" who had arrived first in the New World. The 1789 adopted United States Constitution followed the established European tradition begun by the French in North America of dealing with

neg: Making North America including the Rocky Mountains, Yellowstone and the Grand Canyon; to the emergence of life on the continent and its later evolution; and, finally, to the more recent settlement of the land by humans. According to Johnson, "Most people will not have considered a time when there was no North America ... What was there before North America? How did it form? When did it start? How did it come together?" The documentary film is narrated by Kirk Johnson and includes the following participants (alphabetized by last name): According to James Gaines, film reviewer for "LiveScience", "North America rocks. That’s what

neg: The Vikings NA not allowed in camp. In January 2009 Vikings NA became independent of the UK body and incorporated in Indiana for Non profit status . While the two organizations maintain close ties over the years and has a similar structure, the Vikings NA operates independently of The Vikings. The Vikings NA The Vikings NA is a Viking-Age re-enactment group based in the United States of America. The group was founded in 2003 as the North American arm of The Vikings (reenactment) and it currently has member groups in California, Oklahoma, Indiana, Louisiana, Missouri, Arkansas, Nebraska, Mississippi, and Washington. Its primary mission

neg: Bog iron resource. About once each generation, the same bog can be re-harvested." Iron may have been produced by Vikings at L’Anse aux Meadows, Point Rosee and other locations in Newfoundland around 1000 AD. Bog iron was widely sought in colonial North America. The earliest known iron mines in North America are the mines from St. John's, Newfoundland, reported to be in operation by Anthony Parkhurst in 1578. The first mining efforts in Virginia occurred as early as 1608. In 1619 Falling Creek Ironworks was established in Chesterfield County, Virginia. It was the location of the first blast furnace facility in North

neg: 2010 Minnesota Vikings season XLV. The final Viking to be added to the NFC roster was LB E. J. Henderson, who received his first career Pro Bowl selection. Coming in as injury cover for San Francisco's Patrick Willis and Chicago's Brian Urlacher, Henderson travelled to Hawaii, but did not take the field. 2010 Minnesota Vikings season The 2010 season was the Minnesota Vikings' 50th in the National Football League, and the fifth under head coach Brad Childress. After a loss to the New Orleans Saints in the NFC Championship ended their 2009 season, the Vikings had hoped to defend their NFC North division title

neg: 2008 Minnesota Vikings season contract with seven-season member Robert Griffith so he could ceremonially retire as a member of the team. On July 16, a report by Jay Glazer appeared on FoxSports.com stating that the Green Bay Packers had filed tampering charges against the Vikings for allegedly inappropriately contacting Green Bay quarterback Brett Favre. On August 4, NFL commissioner Roger Goodell ruled that contact between the Vikings and Brett Favre over the summer did not violate league tampering rules, as the Packers alleged. The Vikings began their 2008 campaign on the road against their NFC North foe, the Green Bay Packers, in the first

neg: Mall of America managed by the Triple Five Group (which in turn is owned by Canada's Ghermezian family, along with the West Edmonton Mall and the future American Dream Meadowlands). Eighty percent of visitors to the Mall of America are from Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Nebraska, the Dakotas, Illinois, Ohio, and Canada. The mall's concept was designed by the Triple Five Group, owned by the Ghermezian brothers, who also own the largest shopping mall in North America, the West Edmonton Mall. The Mall of America is located on the site of the former Metropolitan Stadium, where the Minnesota Vikings and Minnesota Twins played until

neg: History of New Brunswick seized much of the land without payment and deported the French. Later on the Mi'kmaq also settled Newfoundland as the unrelated Beothuk tribe became extinct. It is generally accepted by Norse scholars that Vikings explored the coasts of Atlantic Canada, including New Brunswick, during their stay in Vinland where their base was possibly at L'Anse aux Meadows, Newfoundland, around the year 1000. Wild walnut (butternut) shells found at l'Anse aux Meadows suggest that the Vikings did indeed explore further along the Atlantic Coast. Butternut trees do not now grow in Newfoundland, but recent studies suggest that due to environmental changes

neg: Semyon Dezhnev Anian between Asia and North America was probably that of Giacomo Gastaldi in 1562. Many cartographers followed this lead until the time of Bering. The source is said to be an interpretation of Marco Polo, but otherwise the documents do not explain where the idea came from. Dezhnyov was illiterate or semi-literate and probably did not understand the importance of what he had done. He certainly did not sail across to Alaska, prove that there was no land bridge to the north or south, or compare his knowledge to that of learned geographers. Nowhere did he claim to have discovered

neg: Erik the Conqueror ship while at sea. The Viking and English fleets meet in the North Sea and a sea battle begins. Vikings board Erik's flagship just as the agent sets fire to it. In the battle, Erik and Eron meet and engage in a sword fight. Erik's ship catches fire. Erik jumps overboard and later washes ashore in Viking land. He is found by Rama. Rama points Erik in the direction of a local fishing village, where he is accepted by the Vikings as a shipwrecked fisherman. Back in England, Sir Rutford proposes marriage to the queen, who rebuffs him. Eron and

neg: Territorial evolution of North America prior to 1763 the Clovis peoples. Upon the arrival of the Europeans in the "New World", Native American population declined substantially, primarily due to the introduction of European diseases to which the Native Americans lacked immunity. There was limited contact between North American people and the outside world before 1492. Several theoretical contacts have been proposed, but the earliest physical evidence comes from the Norse or Vikings. Norse captain Leif Ericson is believed to have reached the Island of Newfoundland circa 1000 AD. In 1492 Columbus reached land in the Bahamas. Almost 500 years after the Norse, John Cabot explored the east coast

neg: Viking Age colonised by the Vikings as heavily as eastern England. The Vikings did, however, settle in the south around St. David's, Haverfordwest, and Gower, among other places. Place names such as Skokholm, Skomer, and Swansea remain as evidence of the Norse settlement. The Vikings, however, did not subdue the Welsh mountain kingdoms. According to Sagas, Iceland was discovered by Naddodd, a Viking from the Faroe Islands, after which it was settled by mostly Norwegians fleeing the oppressive rule of Harald Fairhair (late 9th century). While harsh, the land allowed for a pastoral farming life familiar to the Norse. According to the

neg: The Vikings Canada other cultural and living history events throughout the continent, specific to each member group's local schedule. The Vikings Canada The Vikings - Vinland is an organization of Viking reenactors, consisting of 12 local member-groups across North America which, in 2006, were united into one governing body... The Vikings. All members of Vinland are full members of a larger society known as "The Vikings". Members focus on developing and presenting the reconstructed culture and lifestyle of the Norse. While the major concentration is on the 10th Century, some events are set in the wider period from 790 to 1066, with the

neg: The Vikings Canada The Vikings Canada The Vikings - Vinland is an organization of Viking reenactors, consisting of 12 local member-groups across North America which, in 2006, were united into one governing body... The Vikings. All members of Vinland are full members of a larger society known as "The Vikings". Members focus on developing and presenting the reconstructed culture and lifestyle of the Norse. While the major concentration is on the 10th Century, some events are set in the wider period from 790 to 1066, with the appropriate modifications to dress and equipment used. The organization's aim is to provide an accurate and

neg: Scottish Americans West, while many in New England are the descendants of emigrants, often Gaelic-speaking, from the Maritime Provinces of Canada, from the 1880s onward. Americans of Scottish descent outnumber the population of Scotland, where 4,459,071 or 88.09% of people identified as ethnic Scottish in the 2001 Census. The states with the largest Scottish populations: The states with the top percentages of Scottish residents: The first Scots in North America came with the Vikings. A Christian bard from the Hebrides accompanied Bjarni Herjolfsson on his voyage around Greenland in 985/6 which sighted the mainland to the west. The first Scots recorded as

neg: Viking expansion the Natives and the Vikings did take place with the natives having the advanced weaponry of bows and arrows. However trade by barter did also take place between them. This contact led to a mutual amazement of two peoples toward each other. However, the conflict between these two groups led to the Vikings eventual evacuation of the area. The Greenlanders called the new-found territory "Vinland". It is unclear whether "Vinland" referred to in the traditionally thinking as Vínland (wine-land) or more recently as Vinland (meadow- or pasture-land). In any case, without any official backing, attempts at colonization by the Norse

neg: Gaffey "The Topographical Poem" of a sept called Mac Gaibhidh, describing their location as a "land of fruit" it was clearly not the west or north of Connacht but instead the southern Roscommon area. It is thought that the Gaffeys are descendants of Vikings who sailed down the River Shannon and settled near the Viking town, Athlone . The name Mac Gaibhidhe comes from the Irish "mac an gabha" which translates to "Son of the Smith" . Irish people called Vikings "The Blacksmiths" for their skills at iron work and it is believed that this is where the Gaffey name originates.There

neg: 2017–18 Portland State Vikings men's basketball team Tournament where, after a first round bye, lost in the second round to San Diego. The Vikings finished the 2016–17 season 15–16, 7–11 in Big Sky play to finish in a tie for eighth place. As the No. 8 seed in the Big Sky Tournament, they defeated Northern Arizona in the first round, then lost to North Dakota in the quarterfinals. !colspan=9 style=| Exhibition !colspan=9 style=| Non-conference regular season !colspan=9 style=| Big Sky regular season !colspan=9 style=| Big Sky Tournament !colspan=9 style=| CIT 2017–18 Portland State Vikings men's basketball team The 2017–18 Portland State Vikings men's basketball team represented Portland

neg: New Found Land (novel) Vikings. In this parallel world the Vikings were introduced to the Latin language and instead of dying out colonized the American continent. Brad, Simon, and their companions Bos and Curtius are greeted warmly by the Vikings and believe they can live here permanently, only to realize that they are to be sacrificed. They escape, but Curtius is killed in the fighting as they leave. Trekking across the continent, they head for the only civilization in America which has significant urban living - the Aztecs. As the Roman Empire has persisted in Europe of this realm until the 20th century due

neg: Seigneurial system of New France Seigneurial system of New France The manorial system of New France was the semi-feudal system of land tenure used in the North American French colonial empire. Both in nominal and legal terms, all French territorial claims in North America belonged to the French king. French monarchs did not impose feudal land tenure on New France, and the king’s actual attachment to these lands was virtually non-existent. Instead, landlords were allotted land holdings (manors) and presided over the French colonial agricultural system in North America. Manorial land tenure was introduced to New France in 1627 by Cardinal Richelieu. Richelieu granted the

neg: Mike Ditka that people say are going on, I see opportunities if people want to look for opportunity – now if they don't want to look for them – then you can find problems with anything, but this is the land of opportunity because you can be anything you want to be if you work. If you don't work, that's a different problem." Ditka's more controversial remark came in October during a Bears/Vikings pregame show, when he said he did not believe that there was any oppression in America for the last 100 years: "There has been no oppression in the last

neg: The Farfarers The Farfarers The Farfarers: Before the Norse is a non-fiction book by Farley Mowat, setting out a theory about pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact. Mowat's thesis is that even before the Vikings, North America was discovered and settled by Europeans originating from Orkney who reached Canada after a generation-spanning migration that used Iceland and Greenland as 'stepping stones'. Mowat's ideas are controversial and have been accused of being over-speculative. The book has been published in the UK as "The Alban Quest". Mowat's premise is that Iceland, Greenland and North America were visited and settled before the Vikings by Europeans from the northern

neg: 2009 Minnesota Vikings season yards, before being confronted by Hunter Hillenmeyer, who caused Peterson to fumble the ball, which was then recovered by Bears' linebacker Nick Roach. The Bears then won on Jay Cutler's game-winning 39-yard TD pass to wide receiver Devin Aromashodu. With the loss, not only did the Vikings fall to 11–4, they also surrendered homefield advantage to the Saints. Hoping to break a two-game primetime losing skid, the Vikings went home to Mall of America Field for the Week 17 season finale against the New York Giants. The Vikings needed a win and an Eagles loss to Dallas later in the

neg: Harrying of the North by the local Northumbrians. In response, William sent his half-brother Odo, Bishop of Bayeux north with an army to harry the Northumbrian countryside. Odo destroyed much land north of the Tees, from York to Durham, and stole valuable items from Durham monastery. Many of the Northumbrian nobility were driven into exile. As a result of the depopulation, Norman landowners sought settlers to work in the fields. Evidence suggests that such barons were willing to rent lands to any men not obviously disloyal. Unlike the Vikings in the centuries before, Normans did not settle wholesale in the shire, but only occupied

neg: Rune Monstad view the photos from his Thunder Bay trip, visit the Thunder Bay cycling club web site at http://www.tbaycc.ca, then click on "The Viking Biker Visits Thunder Bay" on the left under "News at a Glance". On April 8, Rune arrived in Montreal and was featured on CBC TV. On May 5, he arrived in Halifax, Nova Scotia and on May 24, 2007, he arrived in Corner Brook, Newfoundland and Labrador. Rune's plan is to cycle to L'Anse aux Meadows, where the Vikings first settled in North America. Rune's twin brother will be picking him up in a sailboat, and they

neg: Feminist poetry poetry is a separate but relevant tradition in the United States; as poet Joy Harjo comments, "The literature of the aboriginal people of North America defines America. It is not exotic." In the context of Canada, Anne Marie Dalton argues that at least some indigenous communities in North America (though not all) have lived by practicing ecofeminism with regard to women's roles, and the sustainability of the land. When colonialism did arrive, Anne Bradstreet was one of the first poets to win acclaim, and many of her poems are thought to have feminist themes. The mother of eight children, Bradstreet

neg: Surveying in North America Surveying in North America Surveying in North America is heavily influenced by the United States Public lands survey system. It inherits the basis of its land tenure from the United Kingdom, as well as the other countries that established colonies, Spain and France. The first European Explorations of North America were quickly followed by territorial claims. The original colonies the made up the United States were granted royal charters that described the limits of the lands where the settlements could be located. Since much of the lands were unknown to Europeans, the grants allocated sweeping areas and were often later

neg: History of the Minnesota Vikings Detroit to close 2010 at 6–10 and a last place finish in the NFC North for the first time since 1991, the last year Jerry Burns was the head coach. With Favre's retirement and Tarvaris Jackson's departures at the end of the season, Joe Webb was widely expected to take over as the starting QB. However, the Vikings front office reportedly did not believe he was suitable for the position and the team instead drafted Florida State QB Christian Ponder with the 12th overall pick in the 2011 draft. Aside from drafting Ponder, the Vikings also had to deal with

neg: Pliometanastes Pliometanastes Pliometanastes is an extinct genus of giant ground sloths of the family Megalonychidae endemic to North America during the Miocene epoch through very early Pliocene epoch. Its fossils have been found across the southern U. S. from California to Florida. "Pliometanastes" and "Thinobadistes" were the first of the giant sloths to appear in North America. Both were in North America before the Panamanian Land Bridge formed around 2.5 million years ago. It is then reasonable to presume that the ancestors of "Pliometanastes" island-hopped across the Central American Seaway from South America, where ground sloths arose. "Pliometanastes" gave rise to

neg: Earldom of Orkney by the latter part of the 8th century, although this is disputed. Norse Vikings probably either came to the islands first as farmers seeking land or as warriors who were claiming territory and riches, or both, as was common with Viking conquests elsewhere. The question of whether the Picts were completely massacred by the settling Vikings, migrated away, or were gradually assimilated, in peaceful coexistence, is a matter of contention. However, aside from traces of their lives there, their culture did not endure in the early history or character of Orkney. By the 12th century, Orkney was under Norwegian control

neg: Gunnbjörn Ulfsson and reported this find but did not land. Since Greenland is physically part of North America, separated from Ellesmere Island by only a narrow strait, this sighting could also have been the first European connection with North America. The exact date of this event is not recorded in the sagas. Various sources cite dates ranging from 876 to 932. The first records of purposeful visits to Gunnbjörn's skerries were made by Snæbjörn Galti around 978 and soon after by Erik the Red who also explored the main island of Greenland, and soon established a settlement. Waldemar Lehn (1911-2005), professor emeritus

neg: Surveying in North America (SIT). Licensed surveyors usually denote themselves with post nominals. The letters PLS (professional land surveyor), PS (professional surveyor), LS (land surveyor), RLS (registered land surveyor), RPLS (Registered Professional Land Surveyor), or PSM (professional surveyor and mapper) follow their names, depending upon their jurisdiction of registration. Surveying in North America Surveying in North America is heavily influenced by the United States Public lands survey system. It inherits the basis of its land tenure from the United Kingdom, as well as the other countries that established colonies, Spain and France. The first European Explorations of North America were quickly followed by territorial

neg: North-Western Territory North-Western Territory The North-Western Territory was a region of British North America until 1870. Named for where it lay in relation to Rupert's Land, the territory at its greatest extent covered what is now Yukon, mainland Northwest Territories, northwestern mainland Nunavut, northwestern Saskatchewan, northern Alberta and northern British Columbia. Some of this area was originally part of Rupert's Land due to inaccurate maps. The acquisition of Rupert's Land was the largest land purchase in Canada's history. It is obscure when exactly the United Kingdom first asserted sovereignty over the territory; however, after France accepted British sovereignty over the Hudson Bay

neg: Patrick Wyatt "Lost Vikings" and "Rock N' Roll Racing". On February 24, 2010, he became the Chief Operations Officer for En Masse Entertainment, along with other industry veterans. The first official En Masse title, an MMORPG titled TERA, launched in 2011 in South Korea and 2012 in North America and Europe. Patrick was employed by Undead Labs on January 30, 2014, where he worked with Jeff Strain, another co-founder of ArenaNet. As of November 2015 he is now Senior Principal Engineer for Amazon Games. Patrick Wyatt Patrick Wyatt is a game programmer and one of the three co-founders of ArenaNet. He was

neg: 2008 Minnesota Vikings season 2008 Minnesota Vikings season The 2008 season was the Minnesota Vikings' 48th in the NFL and their third under head coach Brad Childress. They won their 17th NFC North title with a 10–6 record, the first time since 2000 that they made the playoffs and finished with a winning record, but had to play in the wild card round of the playoffs, where they were paired with Childress's former team, the Philadelphia Eagles, who ended the Vikings' season with a 26–14 win. Second-year running back Adrian Peterson led the league in rushing with 1,760 yards. On February 11, it was

neg: Central Vikings Rugby Union Hawke's Bay to withdraw from the Vikings. A vote on a resolution calling for Hawke's Bay to withdraw from the combined Hawke's Bay–Manawatu team was lost, 7–12, in a secret ballot. Once the resolution was lost, HBRFU president Tom Mulligan said there was no reason for the meeting to continue. The Vikings were then given the all-clear to continue as an NPC second division rugby team. The Central Vikings played their first match against Fiji in Palmerston North on June 2, 1997. Former Manawatu rugby captain and All Black trialist Andrew McMaster returned from Ireland, where he had four years

neg: Antelope, Kansas Antelope, Kansas Antelope is an unincorporated community in Marion County, Kansas, United States. Antelope got its name from antelope grazing near where the first school was being built. For many millennia, the Great Plains of North America was inhabited by nomadic Native Americans. From the 16th century to 18th century, the Kingdom of France claimed ownership of large parts of North America. In 1762, after the French and Indian War, France secretly ceded New France to Spain, per the Treaty of Fontainebleau. In 1802, Spain returned most of the land to France. In 1803, most of the land for modern

neg: Climate of the Arctic over most land areas (NSIDC). This definition of the Arctic can be further divided into four different regions: Moving inland from the coast over mainland North America and Eurasia, the moderating influence of the Arctic Ocean quickly diminishes, and the climate transitions from Arctic to subarctic, generally in less than , and often over a much shorter distance. Due to the lack of major population centres in the Arctic, weather and climate observations from the region tend to be widely spaced and of short duration compared to the midlatitudes and tropics. Though the Vikings explored parts of the Arctic over

neg: Hansa-Park amusement parks. Hansa-Park scored second place behind Europa-Park overall and first place in the north. The "Family Park on the Sea" was the first German amusement park to receive the "OK for Kids" seal of approval from the Deutschen Kinderschutzbund (the German Association for the Protection of Children) and TÜV Nord (Technical Inspection Association, North) for the whole park. The grounds are divided into eleven different themed areas, including Old-Time Fun Fair, Bonanza-City, Mexico, Land of the Vikings and Adventure Land. Each of these areas contains rides and shows consistent with its theme. The park's special charm lies in its

neg: Point Rosee new archaeological permits to excavate at Point Rosee since 2016. Parcak's research was in connection with the documentaries "Vikings Unearthed" and "The Vikings Uncovered", a co-production deal between PBS, BBC, and BBC Worldwide North America. They first aired on April 6, 2016, and featured Point Rosee. There are many other sources of information about Point Rosee. Point Rosee Point Rosee (French: "Pointe Rosée"), previously known as Stormy Point, is a headland near Codroy at the southwest end of the island of Newfoundland, on the Atlantic coast of Canada. In 2014, archaeologist Sarah Parcak, using near-infrared satellite images discovered a possible

neg: Severed Ways washes his feet. An Abenaki man trails Volnard, intending to kill him. Orn finds Volnard and the monk and kills the monk, enraging Volnard. The two Vikings fight, but spare each other. The next day, the Abenaki man kills Volnard and is then killed by Orn, who builds a funeral pyre for his dead countryman. The strange cold land ultimately prevails over Orn. The film's setting was inspired by the story of Thorfinn Karlsefni, an Icelandic explorer who followed Leif Ericson to Vinland (North America) hoping to establish a colony at the beginning of the 11th century. Establishing shots for

neg: Sauðárkrókur Islands' is the name Vikings gave the Hebrides islands off the coast of Scotland), but as he was marking his land another Viking, called Skefill, successfully "stole" the land where the oldest part of the town is today. These settlers did not build their homes at Sauðárkrókur, and the current site of the town was not settled until about 1,000 years later. Docking ships in Skagafjörður was not an easy task for sailors and merchants. Few natural harbors are to be found, especially on the west coast of the fjord, and most merchants docked at the trading posts of Hofsós,

neg: Newfoundland Colony southern British Thirteen Colonies in North America (and also from the still loyal colony of Nova Scotia, which provided a buffer), it did not become involved in their colonial rebellion of the 1770s. After the American Revolutionary War ended in 1783 with the independence of the United States, Newfoundland Colony became part of British North America. The Crown resettled some Loyalists in Newfoundland, but most were given land in Nova Scotia and present-day Ontario. It became an official Crown colony in 1825, and Thomas John Cochrane, an officer of the Royal Navy, was appointed as its first governor. He directed

neg: Viking Age attempted in 966, without success. In about 986, the Norwegian Vikings Bjarni Herjólfsson, Leif Ericson and Þórfinnr Karlsefni from Greenland reached North America, over 500 years before Christopher Columbus, and they attempted to settle the land they called Vinland. They created a small settlement on the northern peninsula of present-day Newfoundland, near L'Anse aux Meadows. Conflict with indigenous peoples and lack of support from Greenland brought the Vinland colony to an end within a few years. The archaeological remains are now a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The long-term linguistic effect of the Viking settlements in England was threefold: over a

neg: Leif Erikson Day Leif Erikson Day Leif Erikson Day is an annual observance occurring on October 9. It honors Leif Erikson (Old Norse: "Leifr Eiríksson", , ), the Norse explorer who led the first Europeans thought to have set foot in continental North America (other than Greenland). The 1874 book "America Not Discovered by Columbus" by Norwegian-American Rasmus B. Anderson helped popularize the idea that Vikings were the first Europeans in the New World, an idea that was all but verified in 1960. During his appearance at the Norse-American Centennial at the Minnesota State Fair in 1925, President Calvin Coolidge gave recognition to

neg: Annette Kolodny Kolodny published "In Search of First Contact: The Vikings of Vinland, the Peoples of the Dawnland, and the Anglo-American Anxiety of Discovery" (Duke University Press). A major contribution to the field of American Studies, this book examines both Native American and Euroamerican stories of first contacts between the peoples of the New and Old Worlds. It examines the competition between Leif Eiriksson and Christopher Columbus for the title of "first discoverer". In her first book, "The Lay of the Land", Kolodny explores the colonization of America, both in reality and in the realm of metaphor. She examines "the continued repetition

neg: Viking expansion Viking expansion Viking expansion is the process by which Norse explorers, traders and warriors, the latter known in modern scholarship as Vikings, sailed most of the North Atlantic, reaching south to North Africa and east to Russia, Constantinople and the Middle East as looters, traders, colonists and mercenaries. Vikings under Leif Erikson, the heir to Erik the Red, reached North America and set up a short-lived settlement in present-day L'Anse aux Meadows, Newfoundland, Canada. Longer lasting and more established settlements were formed in Greenland, Iceland, the Faroe Islands, Great Britain, Ireland and Normandy. It is debated whether the term Viking

neg: West Orange, New Jersey to the Native Americans, as related to their Creation myth of "Turtle Island". "Turtle Island" is the Native American name for North America. In the creation myth, the world was created from a turtle's back. The Native Americans originally did not understand the concept of "land ownership". They consisted of many hunter-gatherer tribes who would overlap territories and occasionally had tribal wars, but did not "own" land. They believed in taking only what was immediately necessary from nature, and considering the needs of the next seven generations. This hospitality at first benefited the European settlers, who struggled in the wilderness

neg: High1 only the top six teams advanced to the postseason. After the conclusion of the season Kangwon Land played a friendly against North Korea. Kangwon Land won the match by a score of 3 to 1. In the 2006–07 season the league reduced the amount of games played to 34 with the departure of the Nordic Vikings. During the season the team participated in the Korea Domestic Championship and took first place for the first time in their three-year participation. After finishing out of the playoffs in their first season, they finished in fourth place with 62 points and advanced. They

neg: Danelaw a particular concentration in certain areas, such as Orkney and Shetland. In this finding, the Vikings refers to Norwegian Vikings only, as the study did not set out to genetically distinguish descendants of Danish Vikings from descendants of Anglo-Saxon settlers. That was decided on the basis that the latter two groups originated from areas that overlap each other on the continental North Sea coast (ranging from the Jutland Peninsula to Belgium) and were therefore deemed inconvenient or difficult to genetically distinguish. A further genetic study in 2015 found some evidence that, after the Vikings began settling, the communities had lived

neg: Sidewise in Time The cataclysm manifests itself on June 5, 1935 (one year in the future of the story's original publication) when sections of the Earth's surface begin changing places with their counterparts in alternate timelines. A Roman legion from a timeline where the Roman Empire never fell appears on the outskirts of St. Louis, Missouri. Viking longships from a timeline where the Vikings settled North America raid a seaport in Massachusetts. A traveling salesman from Louisville, Kentucky, whose van bears a commercial logo including Uncle Sam with the Stars and Stripes, finds himself in trouble with the law when he travels into

neg: Thinobadistes Thinobadistes Thinobadistes is an extinct genus of ground sloth of the family Mylodontidae, endemic to North America during the Miocene-Pliocene epochs (Hemphillian). It lived from 10.3—4.9 mya, existing for approximately . "Thinobadistes" and "Pliometanastes" were the first of the giant sloths to appear in N. America. Both "Pliometanastes" and "Thinobadistes" were in N. America before the Panamanian Land Bridge formed around 2.5 million years ago. It is then reasonable to presume that the ancestors of "Thinobadistes" island-hopped across the Central American Seaway from South America, where sloths in general first evolved. "Thinobadistes" was named by Hay (1919). Its type is

neg: Christian Ponder Bowl, Ponder won MVP honors after throwing for 2 touchdowns and leading the South to a win over the heavily favored North. Ponder was selected 12th overall by the Minnesota Vikings in the first round of the 2011 NFL Draft. Ponder was the fourth quarterback selected in the draft behind Cam Newton, Jake Locker, and Blaine Gabbert. Ponder did not have a typical rookie offseason following the draft due to the 2011 NFL lockout. Late in July, the Vikings traded for veteran quarterback Donovan McNabb to start and mentor Ponder. Three days after the McNabb trade, Ponder agreed to terms

neg: Vikings raided and pillaged, traded, acted as mercenaries and settled wide-ranging colonies. Early Vikings probably returned home after their raids. Later in their history, they began to settle in other lands. Vikings under Leif Ericson, heir to Erik the Red, reached North America and set up short-lived settlements in present-day L'Anse aux Meadows, Newfoundland, Canada. This expansion occurred during the Medieval Warm Period. Viking expansion into continental Europe was limited. Their realm was bordered by powerful cultures to the south. Early on, it was the Saxons, who occupied Old Saxony, located in what is now Northern Germany. The Saxons were a

neg: Sand Land world and the unique characters that inhabit it. Despite Toriyama's complaints about designing the tank, McElhatton praised the art, declaring it more consistent than his previous works ("Dragon Ball"). John Jakala of Anime News Network also called the artwork, and story, superior to "Dragon Ball". Jakala said the characters are a big part of the series' charm, claiming Toriyama did a "masterful job" establishing the look and personality of each character in the first chapter. Sand Land "Sand Land" was serialized in North America by Viz Media in their English "Shonen Jump" magazine in 2003. It was later released in

neg: Oberbrombach 1780, the first municipal land distribution came into force; that is to say, land owned by the municipality was shared out to private owners to boost agricultural production. In 1817, Oberbrombach passed as part of the Principality of Birkenfeld to the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg. From 1830 to 1890, 91 persons emigrated from the village, most out of pure need, to seek better economic conditions elsewhere, mainly in North and South America. About the middle of the 19th century, the agate-grinding trade gained a foothold in the village. Anyone who did not own enough land to feed his family had

neg: 2005 Minnesota Vikings season scrimmage, Daunte Culpepper found Travis Taylor for a 24-yard touchdown, and the Vikings did not look back. Culpepper threw two more first-half touchdown passes, and stayed mistake free. The Vikings also found a running game, going for 146 yards, led by Mewelde Moore's 101 yards. Defensively, the Vikings held Aaron Brooks to just 12 completions on 32 pass attempts, intercepting him twice (Antoine Winfield and Keith Newman). Paul Edinger added four field goals for the Vikings in the victory. After notching their first win of the season the week before, the Vikings returned to form in Atlanta the following week,

neg: The Holy Land (album) Records in 1999 and later by Columbia as part of the "" box set in 2012. The concept of Cash visiting Biblical locations and combining storytelling with music would be revisited twice more in his career for the 1973 soundtrack album "The Gospel Road" and the 2000 release "Return to the Promised Land". All tracks composed by Johnny Cash, except where indicated. Album - Billboard (North America) Singles - Billboard (North America) The Holy Land (album) The Holy Land is a concept album, the third gospel album and 30th overall album by country singer Johnny Cash, released on Columbia Records

neg: Military history of North America Military history of North America The military history of North America can be viewed in a number of phases. Prior to the voyages of Christopher Columbus, warfare and conquest occurred from time to time between the indigenous peoples of the Americas. Examples of early indigenous conflicts include Tikal-Calakmul wars in the Yucatán. In central Mexico, the Aztec Empire fought their enemies in intermittent ritual wars known as the Flower war. Icelandic vikings may have also fought with the indigenous peoples of Newfoundland in 1003, and 1010. Following Christopher Columbus' establishment of permanent settlements in the Caribbean, the Spanish authorized expeditions

neg: Minnesota Vikings filling in as analyst, who began his first season in 2007. Telecasts of preseason games not shown on national networks are aired on KMSP (Channel 9) in the Twin Cities with a simulcast of KFAN's radio broadcast while Fox Sports North shows a tape delay later. Source: Minnesota Vikings The Minnesota Vikings are a professional American football team based in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The Vikings joined the National Football League (NFL) as an expansion team in 1960, and first took the field for the 1961 season. The team competes in the National Football Conference (NFC) North division. During the 1960s, the

neg: Estotiland did not understand. The language that he spoke and his subjects shared no similarity to that of the Vikings. The king of Estotiland, seeing that his guests sailed safely with the aid of an instrument (the compass), persuaded them to make a maritime expedition to another land to the south called "Drogeo."" A number of historians have considered this map and these letters to be fakes since the 16th century. Nonetheless, a map created by French cartographer Nicolas Sanson around 1660 testifies to the existence of Estotiland and to its location north of New France. Several hypotheses have been put

neg: Horse-fly between the various biting insects that irritated their cattle and called them all "gad-flies", from the word "gad" meaning a spike. The most common name is "cleg[g]", "gleg" or "clag", which comes from Old Norse and may have originated from the Vikings. Other names such as "stouts" refer to the wide bodies of the insects and "dun-flies" to their sombre colouring. "Chrysops" species are known as "deer-flies", perhaps because of their abundance on moorland where deer roam, and "buffalo-flies", "moose-flies" and "elephant-flies" emanate from other parts of the world where these animals are found. In North America they are known

neg: Bighorn sheep both indicated on Clark's map and did retain their names, the latter being the namesake of the Battle of the Little Bighorn. Bighorn sheep The bighorn sheep ("Ovis canadensis") is a species of sheep native to North America named for its large horns. These horns can weigh up to , while the sheep themselves weigh up to . Recent genetic testing indicates three distinct subspecies of "Ovis canadensis", one of which is endangered: "O. c. sierrae". Sheep originally crossed to North America over the Bering land bridge from Siberia; the population in North America peaked in the millions, and the

neg: Yukon–Charley Rivers National Preserve valley lie between the Brooks Range to the north and the Alaska Range to the south. The highest elevations in the preserve are about in the headwaters of the Charley River, ranging to abuit where the Yukon leaves the preserve. The Yukon River is the main feature of the preserve, one of the largest rivers in North America. The Yukon's valley is bordered by bluffs and terraces along its course, representing river downcutting through alluvial deposits. The lowlands were never glaciated during the last ice age, but higher valleys did see glaciation, in which the ice-free land was mostly tundra.

neg: The Land Before Time a number of services on January 22, 2013 by Geffen Records. "The Land Before Time" was released on VHS on September 14, 1989, November 22 1991 as well as LaserDisc in regular pan and scan and "Special Collector's Edition" CAV-play editions by Universal Pictures Home Entertainment in North America and internationally, and CIC Video in the UK. According to the book "The Animated Films of Don Bluth", the original release did "very successful business" on the home video market, and included a promotional tie-in with Pizza Hut in North America, which was offering rubber hand puppets based on the film

neg: Economy of Norway though several kings did reward land to loyal subjects who became knights. Self-owning farmers were—and continue to be—the main unit of work in Norwegian agriculture, but leading up to the 19th century farmers ran out of land available for farming. Many agricultural families were reduced to poverty as tenant farmers, and served as the impetus for emigration to North America. Aside from mining in Kongsberg, Røros and Løkken, industrialization came with the first textile mills that were built in Norway in the middle of the 19th century. But the first large industrial enterprises came into formation when entrepreneurs' politics led

neg: North American land mammal age North American land mammal age The North American land mammal ages (NALMA) establishes a geologic timescale for North American fauna beginning during the Late Cretaceous and continuing through to the present. These periods are referred to as ages or intervals (or stages when referring to the rock strata of that age) and were established using geographic place names where fossil materials were obtained. The North American land-mammal-age system was formalized in 1941 as a series of provincial land-mammal ages. The system was the standard for correlations in the terrestrial Cenozoic record of North America and was the source for similar

neg: 2013–14 Portland State Vikings men's basketball team 2013–14 Portland State Vikings men's basketball team The 2013–14 Portland State Vikings men's basketball team represented Portland State University during the 2013–14 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Vikings, led by fifth year head coach Tyler Geving, played their home games at the Peter Stott Center and were members of the Big Sky Conference. They finished the season 17–15, 11–9 in Big Sky play to finish in a tie for fifth place. They advanced to the semifinals of the Big Sky Conference Tournament where they lost to North Dakota. They were invited to the CollegeInsider.com Tournament where they lost

neg: Jarrow Vikings divisions saw Jarrow rejoin the North East Division. Jarrow won their first silverware in 2009 when they took the North East Division title. They beat Scottish champions Edinburgh Eagles and made it to the Regional Grand Final but were beaten by Northampton Casuals. Jarrow joined the newly formed North East Premier in 2011. Jarrow's junior teams take part in the North East Junior League. North East Cup winners: 2012, 2015 Jarrow Vikings Jarrow Vikings are a rugby league team based in Jarrow, Tyne and Wear. They play in the North East Premier division of the Rugby League Conference. A great

neg: Plymouth High School (North Carolina) In 2007 The Vikings defeated the North Duplin Rebels 20-13 to claim their first ever State Championship for the school in any sport. In 2012 the Vikings returned to the State Championship game this time defeating the Murphy Bulldogs 20-15. They returned in 2013 and lost to Murphy in a close rematch 35-34. In 2014 the Vikings faced the Robbinsville Black Knights and after falling behind early, the Vikings staged a furious comeback that fell just short and lost to Robbinsville 21-18. In 2015 the Vikings and Black Knight's met again with Plymouth avenging the previous years Championship game by

neg: Agricultural Land Reserve British Columbia's rapidly growing Lower Mainland region — where in the early twenty-first century land prices are among the highest in North America. The claim is also made that owners of land in the ALR are not sufficiently compensated for their property, and that it constitutes unreasonable interference in private property rights. Critics also claim that the Agricultural Land reserve has inflated property values and created a severe housing shortage throughout British Columbia. Critics claim that much of the poverty caused in British Columbia is a result of regressive land use policies. Many ALR property owners, especially those closer to

neg: History of the Minnesota Vikings for the 49ers. The Vikings did go on to win the game, 27–22. 1964 was also the only season that the Vikings wore white jerseys at home games. This led to confusion when the Detroit Lions came to Bloomington with only their white jerseys. The game started with both teams wearing white jerseys. The Vikings retrieved their purple jerseys from Midway Stadium in Saint Paul. The Vikings changed from white jerseys to purple jerseys on the sidelines. That led to the Vikings wearing all-purple uniforms. Max Winter became the team president in 1965. The Vikings played their first regular season

neg: Minnesota Vikings the wild card game, the Vikings the rival Green Bay Packers in their first-ever playoff meeting, 31–17. In doing so, the Vikings became the second team in NFL history to have a .500 record (8–8) in the regular season and win a playoff game (The St. Louis Rams did the same thing only a day earlier). In the divisional round, the Vikings by the eventual NFC champion Philadelphia Eagles. On March 2, 2005, Vikings wide receiver Randy Moss was traded to the Oakland Raiders for linebacker Napoleon Harris and the Raiders' first round draft pick. After struggling to a disappointing

neg: 2005 Minnesota Vikings season bringing his total to eight in the first two weeks. Culpepper did ensure the Vikings avoided the shutout by scoring on a five-yard touchdown run. The Vikings were again hampered by their rushing attack, being held to 77 yards rushing. In Week 3, the Vikings looked to turn their season around at home to the New Orleans Saints, who were suffering from the effects of Hurricane Katrina, which had devastated their city only a few weeks earlier. The Vikings started positively, forcing a fumble from the Saints' return man Aaron Stecker on the opening kickoff. On the first play from

neg: Basin, Montana cut by dikes of dacite and rhyolite. Archeologists think it likely that the first people to live in Montana crossed from Asia to North America over the Bering Land Bridge that existed during the last major Ice Age about 12,000 years ago. Because the middle of the continent was covered with sheets of ice, people who migrated south did so on trails along the edges of glaciers melted by seasonal warming. One such trail, called the Great North Trail, is thought to have followed the Rocky Mountain Front into Montana, passing close to Helena, north of Basin, and continuing into

neg: Marta Wittkowska Type" transfer bridge for loading or unloading railcars from floats (patent number 743,901). He was the author of "Lost America: The Story of the Pre-Columbian Iron Age in America" and had once written a thesis on his belief that the Vikings had reached North American some five hundred years in advance of Christopher Columbus and was among the first to speculate on the possible pre-Columbian origins of the 1513 world map created by Hacı Ahmed Muhiddin Piri. She retired around 1937 to write and translate music and to try her hand as a novelist. Wittkowski died in 1977, aged 95,

neg: Columbian exchange "from 1500 onward, a 'clash of cultures' had begun in the Atlantic". This clash of culture transferred European values to indigenous cultures. For example, the emergence of private property in regions where there were little to no rights to lands, the concepts of monogamy and the nuclear family, the role of women and children in the family system, and the "superiority of free labor". An example of this type of cultural exchange occurred during the 1500s in North America. When these early European colonizers first entered North America, they encountered fence-less lands which indicated to them that this land was

neg: 2009 Minnesota Vikings season Bernard Berrian on a 16-yard touchdown pass. With their first season-sweep of the Packers in four years, the Vikings went into their bye week at 7–1, and took a commanding two and a half game lead in the NFC North over the second-place Packers. Favre threw at least 4 touchdowns for the 21st time in his career, matching the NFL record held by Dan Marino. This also marks Vikings head coach Brad Childress' first win at Green Bay (he is 3–5 overall against the Packers) and the Vikings' first sweep of the Packers since 2005. During the Vikings' bye week,

neg: Anzick-1 previously been thought likely. (The people of the Arctic are distinct from Native Americans to the south, including in lower North America and Central and South America.) The infant was also related to persons from Siberia and Central Asia, believed to be the ancestral population of indigenous peoples in the Americas. This finding supports the theory that the peopling of the Americas occurred from Asia across the Bering Strait. For more than 20 years, some anthropologists have debated whether the first settlers who came to the New World did so by crossing a land bridge through the Bering Strait, or

neg: Legoland Windsor Resort Land of the Pharaohs, and a Disk'O coaster called Mia's Riding Adventure. Also in the area is the "Return to Skeleton Bay" pirate stunt show (NEW for 2017), and "LEGO Friends to the Rescue", a live music concert around the harbour performed by the LEGO Friends. "Land of the Vikings" is situated behind the "Hill Train"; this was opened in 2007, and is based on the plunderings of Nordic Vikings. The "Kingdom of the Pharaohs" contains "Laser Raiders", an interactive dark ride through an Egyptian tomb where visitors shoot targets to gain points. "Pirate Shores" features a log flume, Pirate

neg: Willie Shaw Mexico Lobos and was an All-Western Athletic Conference cornerback and an All-America honorable mention cornerback. Shaw then transferred to San Diego State University, where he did not play football but earned his bachelor's degree in physical education in 1971 and later a master's degree in physical education in 1973. Following his playing career, Shaw began a long career as an assistant coach at a number of college and NFL teams, coaching defenses either as a secondary coach or defensive coordinator. Shaw coached for a total of 14 teams, with his longest NFL stints occurring with the Minnesota Vikings (two separate

neg: Land tenure nations or tribes of North America had differing nations of land ownership. Whereas European land ownership centered around control, Indigenous notions were based on stewardship. When Europeans first came to North America, they sometimes disregarded traditional land tenure and simply seized land, or they accommodated traditional land tenure by recognizing it as aboriginal title. This theory formed the basis for treaties with indigenous peoples. In several developing countries such as Egypt, Senegal, this method is still presently in use. In Senegal, it is mentioned as "mise en valeur des zones du terroir" and in Egypt, it is called Wadaa al-yad.

neg: History of the New Orleans Saints win with a little over 3 minutes left in overtime, sending the Saints out of the playoffs on the tiebreaker scenarios. Though the Saints had beaten the Rams earlier in the season, their loss to the Vikings and the fact that the Rams did not play the Vikings that season meant that the tiebreaker had to go to the best conference record, where the Rams finished ahead of the Saints and Vikings to claim one of the NFC's wild card spots. The Vikings then got the final wild card spot thanks to their win over the Saints. While the season

neg: 2006 Minnesota Vikings season QB Brad Johnson completed a 29-yard TD pass to WR Marcus Robinson. The two-point conversion failed and during their next drive, they ran out of time. With their loss, the Vikings fell to 2–2. After dropping two straight games, the Vikings came home for an NFC North fight with the Detroit Lions. The Vikings struck first with a 26-yard field goal which would be the only points scored in the first quarter. The Vikings wouldn't score again until the 4th quarter. Detroit got close but Napoleon Harris got his first interception of his five-year career at the end of the