query: who was president of the united states when pearl harbor was attacked

pos: Attack on Pearl Harbor Japan, but the lack of any formal warning, particularly while negotiations were still apparently ongoing, led President Franklin D. Roosevelt to proclaim December 7, 1941, "a date which will live in infamy". Because the attack happened without a declaration of war and without explicit warning, the attack on Pearl Harbor was later judged in the Tokyo Trials to be a war crime. War between Japan and the United States had been a possibility that each nation had been aware of, and planned for, since the 1920s. The relationship between the two countries was cordial enough that they remained trading partners.

pos: USS Portland (CA-33) on 2 October 1935 along with , which was carrying President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The president spent much of his trip fishing with his party. After visiting Panama and several other ports, the two ships steamed to Charleston, South Carolina, where the President disembarked. "Portland" spent the remainder of the interwar era with the Scouting Force, Cruiser Division 5 and later in the United States Pacific Fleet conducting peacetime training and a number of goodwill missions. She crossed the equator for the first time on 20 May 1936 during fleet maneuvers. When the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on 7 December

pos: William Hohri to speak. When Pearl Harbor was attacked on December 7, 1941, Hohri was a student at North Hollywood High School. His father was arrested by the FBI hours after the attack and sent to the Department of Justice camp at Fort Missoula, Montana. Under the terms of Executive Order 9066, issued by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in February 1942 and later upheld by the Supreme Court of the United States, Hohri was sent to Manzanar, a War Relocation Authority camp in the remote Owens Valley area of California, together with the rest of his family. More than 112,000 other Japanese

pos: USS Hopkins (DD-249) 1932, "Hopkins" was one of the two naval ships rendering medical aid to earthquake victims at Santiago, Cuba. She departed 5 February to join the Pacific Fleet at San Diego, California. She had escort duty for President Franklin D. Roosevelt's cruise to Canada in July 1936, then resumed training along the Western Seaboard. "Hopkins" returned to Norfolk, Virginia in April 1939, and performed Neutrality Patrol from September 1939 until sailing for San Diego 37 May, and from there to Pearl Harbor. She converted to a high-speed minesweeper (DMS-13) in the Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard. When the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor,

pos: Monument of States Monument of States The Monument of States was conceived as a symbol of American unity after the attack on Pearl Harbor, and is located at 300 E. Monument Avenue in Kissimmee, Florida. It was built by volunteers, with donations of stone that came from around the world, including a rock from President Franklin D. Roosevelt. It was the brainchild of Charles W. Bressler-Pettis, who also hoped it would become a unique tourist attraction for the city. When the United States came under attack from the Empire of Japan on December 7, 1941, Charles W. Bressler-Pettis was a retired physician living

neg: First engagement of neutral United States in World War II before the attack on Pearl Harbor First engagement of neutral United States in World War II before the attack on Pearl Harbor Scholars have identified various events as being the first engagement of neutral United States in World War II before the attack on Pearl Harbor. They disagree on which events led to formal entry of the United States into the conflict. The first American hostile action against Axis forces was on 10 April 1941, when the destroyer attacked a German U-boat the U-52 that had just sunk a Dutch freighter "Saleier". "Niblack" was picking up survivors of the freighter when it detected a U-boat preparing

neg: Robert R. Scott Robert R. Scott Robert Raymond Scott (July 13, 1915 – December 7, 1941) was a United States Navy sailor who was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions during the attack on Pearl Harbor. Robert Raymond Scott was born in Massillon, Ohio on July 13, 1915 and enlisted in the United States Navy on April 18, 1938. Machinist's Mate First Class Scott was assigned to when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. The compartment containing the air compressor to which Scott was assigned as his battle station was flooded as a result of a torpedo

neg: National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day, also referred to as Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day or Pearl Harbor Day, is observed annually in the United States on December 7, to remember and honor the 2,403 citizens of the United States who were killed in the Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor in Hawaii on December 7, 1941. On August 23, 1994, the United States Congress, by , designated December 7 of each year as National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day. On November 29, President Bill Clinton issued a proclamation declaring December 7, 1994, the first National Pearl Harbor

neg: First engagement of neutral United States in World War II before the attack on Pearl Harbor first American-caused casualties occurred on 7 December 1941 when the attacked and sank a Japanese midget submarine near the entrance to Pearl Harbor prior to the commencement of the Japanese air attack upon Hawaii later that day. As a result of the attack on Hawaii, America declared war on Japan on 8 December 1941. Germany and Italy declared war on the United States three days later. The first planned offensive action by the United States in World War II came in January 1942 when the aircraft carrier attacked Japanese bases in the Marshall Islands. First engagement of neutral United States

neg: Attack on Pearl Harbor in popular culture is known as National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day it is not a federal holiday in the United States. The nation does however pay homage remembering the thousands injured and killed when attacked by the Japanese in 1941 and on Pearl Harbor Day the American flag should be flown at half-staff until sunset. Schools and other establishments in many places around the country do observe lowering the American flag to half-staff out of respect. Ceremonies are held annually at Pearl Harbor itself, attended each year by some of the ever-dwindling number of elderly veterans who were there on the morning of

neg: Franja Transversal del Norte England started in 1939 with the German invasion of Poland and came to a critical point when Japan, an ally of the Germans, attacked the US military base of Pearl Harbor in Oahu, Hawaii on 7 December 1941. When the United States entered the war, it forced President Jorge Ubico to expel all Germans from Guatemala and to confiscate all of their properties. The United States had a strong influence on the Guatemalan government, through concessions granted to American companies, such as the United Fruit Company who had a monopoly on the export of bananas and which practically paid no

neg: Hispanic Americans in World War II aboard the Battleship when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. The "Nevada" was among the ships which were in the harbor that day. As her gunners opened fire and her engineers got up steam, she was struck by torpedoes and bombs from the Japanese attackers. Fifty men were killed and 109 wounded. Among those killed was Trujillo, who became the first Hispanic Marine casualty of World War II. When the United States officially entered World War II, Hispanic Americans were among the many American citizens who joined the ranks of United States Armed Forces as volunteers or through the draft. In

neg: James R. Ward James R. Ward James Richard Ward (September 10, 1921 – December 7, 1941) was a US Navy sailor who was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions during the attack on Pearl Harbor. Ward enlisted in the United States Navy at Cincinnati, Ohio, on November 25, 1940. After basic training, he reported on board the battleship . When the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, "Oklahoma" took three torpedoes soon after the attack began. She listed dangerously, and it was soon apparent that she would capsize. The order was given to abandon ship, but Seaman First

neg: James R. Ward so the remainder of the turret crew could see to escape, thereby sacrificing his own life. In 1943, the destroyer escort , was named in honor of Seaman First Class Ward. James R. Ward James Richard Ward (September 10, 1921 – December 7, 1941) was a US Navy sailor who was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions during the attack on Pearl Harbor. Ward enlisted in the United States Navy at Cincinnati, Ohio, on November 25, 1940. After basic training, he reported on board the battleship . When the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941,

neg: Modern history 7, 1941, [[Attack on Pearl Harbor|Japan attacked the United States at Pearl Harbor]], bringing it too into the war on the Allied side. China also joined the Allies, as eventually did most of the rest of the world. China was in turmoil at the time, and attacked Japanese armies through guerilla-type warfare. By the beginning of 1942, the major combatants were aligned as follows: the British Commonwealth, the United States, and the Soviet Union were fighting Germany and Italy; and the British Commonwealth, China, and the United States were fighting Japan. The United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union

neg: National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day Remembrance Day. It became (Patriotic and National Observances and Ceremonies) of the United States Code. On Pearl Harbor Day, the American flag should be flown at half-staff until sunset to honor those who died as a result of the attack on U.S. military forces in Hawaii. Pearl Harbor Day is not a federal holiday – government offices, schools, and businesses do not close. Some organizations may hold special events in memory of those killed or injured at Pearl Harbor. On Sunday morning, December 7, 1941, the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service attacked Naval Station Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii

neg: Battleship Row Battleship Row Battleship Row was the grouping of eight U.S. battleships in port at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, when the Japanese attacked on 7 December 1941. These ships bore the brunt of the Japanese assault. They were moored next to Ford Island when the attack commenced. The ships were , , , , , , , and . A repair ship (former coal ship), , was also present, moored next to "Arizona". When the United States Navy decided in 1919 to establish a major naval base in Pearl Harbor, the southeastern side of Ford Island was ceded from control of the

neg: Military history of Puerto Rico outbreak of the Spanish Civil War was in Spain in pursuit of his law degree. Delgado was an anti-fascist who believed that the Spanish Nationalists were traitors. He fought in the Battle of Madrid, but was captured and was sentenced to die by firing squad on April 29, 1937. In 1940, when Germany attacked Great Britain, the United States feared that if Germany controlled Great Britain, Mexico and the U.S. would be next. In the same year, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt ordered the construction of a naval base in the Atlantic similar to Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. The site was

neg: Hispanics in the United States Marine Corps Juan, Puerto Rico, became the third Marine of Hispanic (Puerto Rican) descent to graduate from the USNA. PFC Richard I. Trujillo was serving aboard the Battleship when on December 7, 1941, the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. The "Nevada" was among the ships which were in the harbor that day. As her gunners opened fire and her engineers got up steam, she was struck by torpedoes and bombs from the Japanese attackers. Fifty men were killed and 109 wounded. Among those killed was Trujillo, who became the first Hispanic Marine casualty of World War II. After the United States officially entered

neg: Hispanic Americans in World War II Carmelo Delgado Delgado (1913–1937) was among the many Hispanics who fought on behalf of the Second Spanish Republic as members of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade. Delgado fought in the Battle of Madrid, but was captured and sentenced to die by firing squad on April 29, 1937. He was amongst the first United States (US) citizens to die in that conflict. On December 7, 1941, when the Empire of Japan attacked the United States Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor, many sailors with Hispanic surnames were among those who perished. PFC Richard I. Trujillo of the United States Marine Corps was serving

neg: Donald Malarkey volunteer firefighter during the destructive Tillamook Burn forest fire, which destroyed thousands of acres of Oregon timber. He was in his first semester at the University of Oregon in the fall of 1941 when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. After Pearl Harbor, Malarkey tried enlisting in the Marines, but was rejected because of dental problems. He then tried the Army Air Corps, but lacked the requisite mathematics background. As such, when he was drafted in July 1942, he volunteered for the paratroops of the United States Army, after reading a "Life magazine" article about them being the best. He trained

neg: USS Drayton (DD-366) action. Underway as plane guard for in TF 12 when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, "Drayton", with the force returned to Pearl Harbor 13 December 1941 after searching for Japanese raiders. Between 24 December 1941 and 7 January 1942, she escorted a convoy to Christmas Island, making two attacks on submarines en route. Four days later she got underway in the screen of for an air strike on Bougainville on 20 February, returning to Pearl Harbor on the 24th. After screening a tanker to Suva Harbor, Fiji Islands, "Drayton" sailed for the United States 25 March and arrived at San

neg: Hispanics in the United States Navy overboard, saving the lives of many of his fellow crewmen. On December 7, 1941, when the Empire of Japan attacked the United States Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor, many sailors with Hispanic surnames were among those who perished. When the United States officially entered World War II, Hispanic Americans were among the many American citizens who joined the ranks of the navy as volunteers or through the draft. Of the Hispanics who served actively in the European and Pacific Theatres of war, five would eventually earn the rank of rear admiral and above. In 1941, Commander Luis de Florez played

neg: USS Dixie (AD-14) USS Dixie (AD-14) The second USS "Dixie" (AD-14) was a destroyer tender in the United States Navy. "Dixie" was launched on 27 May 1939 by New York Shipbuilding Corporation in Camden, New Jersey, sponsored by Mrs. A. C. Pickens; and commissioned on 25 April 1940, with Lieutenant Commander G. H. Bahm in command. "Dixie" sailed from Norfolk, Virginia, on 20 June 1940 for Pearl Harbor to serve the destroyers of the Battle Force until October, when she cleared for the West Coast and similar operations at San Diego, California. When the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941, she

neg: Puerto Ricans in World War II maneuvers, many of which were carried out at Punta Salinas near the town of Salinas in Puerto Rico. Those who were assigned to the 295th and 296th regiments of the Puerto Rican National Guard received their training at Camp Tortuguero near the town of Vega Baja. There weren't any Puerto Rican military related fatalities when the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service attacked Pearl Harbor. However, there was one civilian Puerto Rican fatality. Daniel LaVerne was a Puerto Rican amateur boxer who was working at Pearl Harbor's Red Hill underground fuel tank construction project when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. He

neg: Consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor Sir Winston Churchill, stated that his first thought regarding American assistance to the United Kingdom was that "We have won the war" very soon after Pearl Harbor had been attacked. Perceptions of treachery in the attack before a declaration of war sparked fears of sabotage or espionage by Japanese sympathizers residing in the U.S., including citizens of Japanese descent, and was a factor in the subsequent Japanese internment in the western United States. Other factors included misrepresentations of intelligence information suggesting sabotage, notably by General John DeWitt, commanding general of Western Defense Command on the Pacific Coast, who had personal

neg: Radio propaganda in a program known as Lend-Lease, while the United States stayed out of the actual fighting. This announcement was made a year before the attacks on Pearl Harbor, at a time when Germany had occupied much of Europe and threatened Great Britain. The day after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Roosevelt delivered his famous Infamy Speech to the United States, which was broadcast to the American people. The President called for a formal declaration of war on the Empire of Japan. The Infamy Speech was brief, running to just a little over seven minutes, and Roosevelt made a point of

neg: Carl Frederick Holden Mission to Brazil. He commanded the destroyer in 1932-34, and in 1935-36 was sent to Pearl Harbor in Hawaii as District Communications Officer. On the morning of December 7, 1941, Holden was serving as Executive Officer with the rank of Commander on the battleship when it was attacked and damaged by Japanese aircraft at Pearl Harbor. In January 1942 he was made Fleet Communication Officer on the Staff of the Commander-in-Chief of the United States Fleet, and was then appointed Director of Naval Communications in September 1942, replacing Joseph Redman. In 1943 he became the first captain of the battleship

neg: Bruce Godfrey Brackett Bruce Godfrey Brackett Bruce Godfrey Brackett (October 16, 1915 – January 14, 1943) was a United States naval aviator who was posthumously awarded the Silver Star for his heroism during World War II. Brackett's first assignment was to Cruiser Scouting Squadron (VCS) 9 on board USS Honolulu (CL-48) to which he reported on June 22. The light cruiser operated out of Pearl Harbor through 1941 and was moored in the Navy Yard when the Japanese attacked on December 7. Honolulu suffered only minor hull damage and was initially assigned convoy escort duty between the United States, Australia, and Samoa. Promoted

neg: Ernest E. Evans Ernest E. Evans Ernest Edwin Evans (August 13, 1908 – October 25, 1944) was an officer of the United States Navy who posthumously received the Medal of Honor for his actions during the Battle off Samar in World War II. Evans, of Native American ancestry (half Cherokee and one quarter Creek), was born in Pawnee, Oklahoma. He graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1931. On 9 August 1941, he was assigned to the destroyer , and was serving on her in the East Indies when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7 of that year. He became

neg: USS New York (BB-34) She saw another modernization in 1940–41 where her main battery elevation was increased from 15 to 30 degrees. She was in the midst of this refit on 7 December 1941, when the Imperial Japanese Navy attacked Pearl Harbor, sinking many of the battleships in the U.S. Pacific Fleet and bringing the United States into World War II. With the outbreak of war, "New York"s overhaul was sped up and completed four weeks after the attack on Pearl Harbor. She returned to duty escorting cargo and troop ships to Iceland and Scotland. She continued on patrol duty for the next year.

neg: 184th Infantry Regiment (United States) 5 July, elements of the 184th Infantry Regiment, along with other members of the California National Guard, were mobilized to restore order in San Francisco's waterfront when hostilities during the strike escalated. On 3 March 1941, the entire 184th Infantry Regiment was mobilized as part of a general mobilization of the United States Army National Guard, and mustered at Camp San Luis Obispo. Most of the soldiers believed that they would be mobilized for a year and then sent home, which changed on 7 December 1941 when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. Within 48 hours of the attack on Pearl

neg: Pearl Harbor Commemorative Medal Pearl Harbor Commemorative Medal The Pearl Harbor Commemorative Medal, also known as the "Pearl Harbor Survivor’s Medal", is a bronze commemorative medal which was established by the United States Congress on November 5, 1990 (P.L. 101-510, 104 Stat. 1721). To have been eligible for the award, "a person must have been a member of the Armed Forces of the United States who was present in Hawaii on December 7, 1941, and who participated in combat operations that day against Imperial Japanese military forces attacking Hawaii. A person who was killed or wounded in that attack shall be deemed to have

neg: USS Pollack (SS-180) Portsmouth 4 September and was underway 29 November for the West Coast of the United States. She reached her new base at San Diego, California, 19 December and spent the next 11 months in a rigorous schedule of maneuvers along the western seaboard with Submarine Division 13, Scouting Force. "Pollack" shifted to Pearl Harbor 28 October 1939. Except for periods of overhaul at Mare Island Navy Yard, she remained in Hawaiian waters until the outbreak of World War II. She was underway from San Francisco to Hawaii when the Japanese attacked on 7 December, and she entered Pearl Harbor two

neg: Pacific Clipper New Zealand. Renamed the "Pacific Clipper", it landed at Pan American's LaGuardia Field seaplane base in New York City at 7:12 on the morning of January 6, 1942. NC18609(A) made scheduled stops in San Pedro, California, Honolulu, Hawaii, Canton Island, Suva, Fiji and Nouméa, New Caledonia "en route" to Auckland when Pearl Harbor was attacked. Cut off from the United States due to the bombing of Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941 and commanding a valuable military asset, Captain Robert Ford was directed to strip company markings, registration and insignia from the Clipper and proceed in secret to the Marine

neg: Pearl Harbor decision. Following the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom, the United States Navy established a base on the island in 1899. On December 7, 1941, the base was attacked by the Imperial Japanese Navy airplanes and midget submarines, causing the American entry into World War II. One of the main reasons that Pearl Harbor happened was because the United States had major communication breakdowns among several branches of the U.S. armed services and departments of the U.S. government. This led to the surprise Japanese attack at the Hawaiian air base. There was no meaningful plan for the air defense of Hawaii,

neg: Japanese war crimes Pearl Harbor not only happened without a declaration of war but was also a treacherous and deceitful act. In fact, Japan and the U.S. were still negotiating for a possible peace agreement which kept U.S. officials very distracted when Japanese planes bombed Pearl Harbor. Keenan explained the definition of a war of aggression and the criminality of the attack on Pearl Harbor: Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, who planned the attack on Pearl Harbor, was fully aware that if Japan lost the war, he would be tried as a war criminal for that attack (although he was killed by the United States

neg: Consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor into the war at a time when he had not yet acquired full control of continental Europe — on the very day of the Pearl Harbor attack, Hitler himself had issued his Nacht und Nebel decree, concerning the suppression of resistance activities within Nazi-occupied lands. Hitler, who had previously declared the Japanese "Honorary Aryans" claimed that "this is what happens when your allies are not Anglo-Saxons". However, he decided war with the United States was unavoidable, and the Pearl Harbor attack, the publication of Rainbow Five, and Roosevelt's post-Pearl Harbor address, which focused on European affairs as well as the

neg: Nobuo Fujita Nobuo Fujita Nobuo Fujita joined the Imperial Japanese Navy in 1932 and became a pilot in 1933. Fujita also had a younger brother who was killed in the war. Fujita was on board "I-25" during the attack on Pearl Harbor, where the "I-25" and three other submarines patrolled a line north of Oahu. Fujita's plane, a Yokosuka E14Y "Glen" seaplane, did not function properly, and he was unable to participate in the reconnaissance mission planned before the attack. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, "I-25" patrolled along the West Coast of the United States with eight other submarines. They attacked

neg: Naval Station Pearl Harbor she was donated to the USS "Missouri" Memorial Association and became a museum ship at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. Naval Station Pearl Harbor Naval Station Pearl Harbor is a U.S. naval base adjacent to Honolulu, in the U.S. state of Hawaii. In 2010, along with the United States Air Force's Hickam Air Force Base, the facility was merged to form Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam. Pearl Harbor is the headquarters of the United States Pacific Fleet. The attack on Pearl Harbor by the Empire of Japan on Sunday, 7 December 1941 brought the United States into World War II. Naval Station Pearl

neg: Japanese Cubans farms. In 1926, immigration to Cuba slowed down. On December 9, 1941, after Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, President Batista declared war on Japan, along with its fascist allies, Germany and Italy. A few days later, on December 12, all Japanese descendants living in Cuba were declared "enemy aliens". Most Japanese Cubans were seized. There was also 114 Germans, and 13 Italians. As of 1943 a total of about 1,200 Japanese had immigrated to Cuba, including about 200 Okinawans. Later, over 6,000 Germans, Italians, or Japanese ancestry were deported to the United States. Some found new jobs when they arrived. Some

neg: USS Arizona salvaged artifacts laid down on March 16, 1914; launched on June 19, 1915 and commissioned on October 17, 1916. In April 1940, she and the rest of the United States Pacific Fleet were transferred from California to Pearl Harbor, Hawaii as a deterrent to the Empire of Japan. On December 7, 1941, "Arizona" was among the ships stationed in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii that were attacked by the Japanese Empire's Air Forces. The ship was hit, and exploded and sank, taking with her the lives of 1,177 crewmen and officers. The wreck still lies at the bottom of Pearl Harbor. Legislation passed during

neg: Walter N. Vernou assigned as Commandant, Fifteenth Naval District, with additional duty as Commanding Officer of the Naval Station at Balboa in the Panama Canal Zone, from 4 September 1937 until 10 August 1939. Vernou then took command of Battleship Division Two (with USS "Tennessee" (BB-43) as his flagship) at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii until 31 January 1941 when he was reassigned to serve as Senior Member of the Board of Inspection and Survey, Pacific Coast Section in Long Beach, California until 28 February 1942. During this assignment, the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941 and the United States entered World War

neg: Raid at Cabanatuan now sits on the site of the former camp, and the events of the raid have been depicted in several films. After the United States was attacked at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941 by Japanese forces, it entered World War II to join the Allied forces in their fight against the Axis powers. American forces led by General Douglas MacArthur, already stationed in the Philippines as a deterrent against a Japanese invasion of the islands, were attacked by the Japanese hours after Pearl Harbor. On March 12, 1942, General MacArthur and a few select officers, on the orders of

neg: Europe first military in 1940. When Germany declared war on the United States on December 11, 1941, the United States faced a decision about how to allocate resources between these two separate theaters of war. On the one hand, Japan had attacked the United States directly at Pearl Harbor, and the Japanese Navy threatened United States territory in a way that Germany, with a limited surface fleet, was not in a position to do. On the other hand, Germany was universally considered the stronger and more dangerous threat to Europe because only the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union remained un-occupied by

neg: Prisoner-of-war camp the Philippines. Before attacking Pearl Harbor, the Japanese had attacked Thailand and captured an area defended by 10,000 British and Indian troops in Malaya. They attacked Pearl Harbor which led to the United States declaring war against them. In 1942, they had taken Hong Kong and set up camps along Kowloon. China was not nearly as advanced in technology at the time but put up strong resistance to the Japanese advance. From there they dominated Asia. It was said that the Japanese were fighting for the Asiatic and "yellow races" against "White Supremacy". The camps the Japanese ran were brutal,

neg: Captain Midnight sabotage and espionage during the period prior to the United States' entry into World War II. The Secret Squadron acted both within and outside the United States. When the United States was attacked at Pearl Harbor, which curiously was foreshadowed in the program, the show shifted the Secret Squadron's duties to fight the more unconventional aspects of the war. Besides the stock villain, Ivan Shark, the war years introduced Axis villains Baron von Karp, Admiral Himakito and von Schrecker. The Secret Squadron wartime activities were usually outside the continental United States, with adventures in Europe, South America, the Pacific, and

neg: Naval Station Pearl Harbor Naval Station Pearl Harbor Naval Station Pearl Harbor is a U.S. naval base adjacent to Honolulu, in the U.S. state of Hawaii. In 2010, along with the United States Air Force's Hickam Air Force Base, the facility was merged to form Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam. Pearl Harbor is the headquarters of the United States Pacific Fleet. The attack on Pearl Harbor by the Empire of Japan on Sunday, 7 December 1941 brought the United States into World War II. Naval Station Pearl Harbor provides berthing and shore side support to surface ships and submarines, as well as maintenance and training.

neg: Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard The Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard is a United States Navy shipyard located in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. It is one of just four shipyards operated by the United States Navy. The shipyard is physically a part of Naval Station Pearl Harbor. The Naval Station had existed in Pearl Harbor since 1898, but in 1908 the United States Congress allocated $3 million to build the shipyard, then called Navy Yard Pearl Harbor. The shipyard grew quickly, and work began on the first drydock, which collapsed before opening in 1913. After rebuilding, Dry Dock #1 was opened August 21,

neg: Consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor Consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor The results of the attack on Pearl Harbor were many and significant. Prior to the attack, public opinion in the United States had not been unanimous. When polled in January 1940, 60% of Americans were in favor of helping the United Kingdom in the war. A majority of Americans believed that the safety of the United States was contingent on the UK winning the war, and an even larger majority believed that the UK would lose the war if the United States stopped sending war materials to the United Kingdom. Despite this, the

neg: James V. Carmichael of Dobbins Air Reserve Base). When Pearl Harbor was attacked, the group was able to bring a base of the United States Army Air Corps to the site, and a branch of the Bell Aircraft Corporation. Carmichael was named attorney for Bell's Georgia division and in November 1944 he was promoted to general manager of the 28,000-employee plant, which had become known as United States Air Force Plant 6. When the war ended Bell had sold the military some 663 B-29 Superfortresses on schedule and without a single crash. When the war ended the government cancelled its B-29 contract and

neg: Army of Occupation of Germany Medal Less than three weeks after the medal was first authorized, the United States was attacked at Pearl Harbor which led to another full-scale war with Germany, now allied with Japan. Army of Occupation of Germany Medal The Army of Occupation of Germany Medal is a service medal of the United States military which was created by the (55 Stat. 781) act of the United States Congress on November 21, 1941. The medal recognizes those members of the United States military who served in the European occupation force following the close of World War I. The medal is retroactive by design

neg: Pearl Harbor Survivors Association REMEMBER PEARL HARBOR - DECEMBER 7, 1941 - ACT OF CONGRESS 1990<br> Back side (Eagle): FOR THOSE WHO SERVED - "A DATE WHICH WILL LIVE IN INFAMY" Pearl Harbor Survivors Association The Pearl Harbor Survivors Association (PHSA), founded in 1958 and recognized by the United States Congress in 1985, was a World War II veterans organization whose members were on Pearl Harbor or three miles or less offshore during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, on December 7, 1941. The PHSA was officially disbanded at the end of December 2011 with a membership of about 2,700 members nationally. The PHSA,

neg: John D. Stevenson (United States Air Force general) John D. Stevenson (United States Air Force general) John D. Stevenson (July 3, 1914 – November 3, 1995) was a U.S. Air Force general. A native of Laramie, Wyoming, he graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1937, ranked 15th in a class of 300. On graduation, he entered the Army Air Force Flying School, completing his training in October 1938. He was serving in Puerto Rico in command of the 22nd Pursuit Squadron when Pearl Harbor was attacked. In June 1942, he was transferred to England where he served on the staff of General Eisenhower. In November 1942,

neg: Anthony McAuliffe he was chosen to attend the United States Army Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth. In June 1940, McAuliffe graduated from the United States Army War College. Just before the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor in December 1941, he was promoted again, temporarily becoming a lieutenant colonel with the Supply Division of the War Department General Staff. While in this position, McAuliffe supervised the development of such new technology as the bazooka and the jeep. Brigadier General McAuliffe commanded the division artillery of the 101st Airborne Division when he parachuted into Normandy on D-Day and when he landed by

neg: My Opposition When Poland was attacked in 1939, followed by attacks on Denmark, Norway, The Netherlands, Belgium and France, Kellner looked to the United States to come to Europe's aid. He could not understand why the United States acted so late to enter the war. On 25 June 1941, a few days after Operation Barbarossa and six months before Japan's surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, he wrote: When will this insanity be brought to an end? When will the intoxication of victory turn into a terrible hangover? Now is a unique chance for England and America to take the initiative, but not

neg: Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor States slowly moved from being a neutral power to one preparing for war. In mid-1940, Roosevelt moved the U.S. Pacific Fleet to Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, to deter Japan. On October 8, 1940, Admiral James O. Richardson, Commander in Chief, Pacific Fleet, provoked a confrontation with Roosevelt by repeating his earlier arguments to Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Harold R. Stark and Secretary of the Navy Frank Knox that Pearl Harbor was the wrong place for his ships. Roosevelt believed relocating the fleet to Hawaii would exert a "restraining influence" on Japan. Richardson asked the President if the United States was

neg: Arthur C. Davis the United States Atlantic Fleet from February to July 1939. It was then deployed to Manila in the Philippines for service in the United States Asiatic Fleet. In mid-1940, by-then-Captain Davis became the aviation officer on the staff of the Commander-in-Chief, Pacific Fleet, the position he held when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on 7 December 1941. This incident brought the United States into World War II. He continued in this position until 30 June 1942. For his next tour, he was named as the commanding officer of the aircraft carrier . However, the ship was sunk on 7

neg: USS Stern USS Stern USS "Stern" (DE-187) was a built for the United States Navy during World War II. She served in the Atlantic Ocean and provided escort service against submarine and air attack for Navy vessels and convoys. She returned home at war's end with three battle stars. She was named in honor of Charles M. Stern, Jr., who was on duty in battleship on 9 April 1941 and was killed when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941. The ship was laid down on 12 August 1943 by the Federal Shipbuilding and Drydock Co., Newark, New Jersey; launched

neg: John Hyland John Hyland John Joseph Hyland Jr (September 1, 1912 – October 15, 1998) was an admiral in the United States Navy who commanded the U.S. Pacific Fleet from 1967–1970. A naval aviator, he was a champion of the aircraft carrier. Hyland was born in 1912 in Philadelphia, the son of a naval officer. He graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1934 and completed naval aviation training in 1937. Posted to the Philippines, he was located there when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor to begin US involvement in World War II. He participated in the defense of the Philippines, and

neg: Grace Gibson Alfred Bennett, general manager of Sydney radio station 2GB, who was visiting the United States. Together they set up American Radio Transcription Agencies (later Artransa Pty Ltd), which sold American recorded radio programs throughout Australia, and Gibson moved to Sydney, Australia in 1934. Gibson was on a buying trip in the US in 1941 when Pearl Harbor was attacked, and as a result she was prevented from returning to Australia for several years, whilst stranded she would become manager of her her former company Radio Transcripton Company of America She later set up her own company, Grace Gibson Radio Productions

neg: USS Pearl Harbor USS Pearl Harbor USS "Pearl Harbor" (LSD 52) is a dock landing ship of the United States Navy. She was named for Pearl Harbor, where World War II began for the United States. "Pearl Harbor" was laid down on 27 January 1995, by the Avondale Shipyards, New Orleans, La.; launched on 24 February 1996; and commissioned on 30 May 1998. As of September 06, 2018, "Pearl Harbor" is homeported to NS San Diego, California, and assigned to Commander Amphibious Squadron 3 (COMPHIBRON 3). On 4 May 2008 the ship departed San Diego for assignment in the Persian Gulf as part

neg: Cornelia Fort Cornelia Fort Cornelia Clark Fort (February 5, 1919 – March 21, 1943) was a United States aviator who became famous for being part of two aviation-related events. The first occurred while conducting a civilian training flight at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941 when she was the first United States pilot to encounter the Japanese air fleet during the Attack on Pearl Harbor. She and her student narrowly escaped a mid-air collision with the Japanese aircraft and a strafing attack after making an emergency landing. The following year, Fort became the second member of what was to become the Women

neg: USS Enterprise (CV-6) squadrons trained intensively and transported aircraft among the island bases of the Pacific. "Enterprise" was completing one such mission when she left Pearl Harbor on 28 November 1941. It was while returning to Hawaii after delivering Marine Fighter Squadron 211 (VMF-211) to Wake Island, when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7. "Enterprise" was at sea on the morning of 7 December 1941 and received a radio message from Pearl Harbor, reporting that the base was under attack. The next evening, "Enterprise", screened by six of her Grumman F4F Wildcat fighters, put into Pearl Harbor for fuel and supplies

neg: 5th Infantry Division (United States) where it participated in the Tennessee maneuvers. The division went next to Camp Joseph T. Robinson, Arkansas, in August 1941 for staging into both the Arkansas and Louisiana maneuvers before returning to Fort Custer that October. The division, under the command of Major General Cortlandt Parker from August, was stationed there when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor and Germany declared war on the United States in December 1941, thus bringing the United States into the conflict. As the winter passed the division was brought up to strength and fully equipped for forward deployment into a war zone. During April 1942,

neg: Anna Mac Clarke earning a bachelor's degree in both sociology and economics. However, Anna Mac had a hard time finding employment that was appropriate for her skills and was not extremely low paying. The United States was brought into World War II on December 7, 1941, after the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. When this tragedy happened, Clarke saw an opportunity to not only serve her country, but also as a chance to earn a good living thanks to her recently acquired college degree. Mary McLeod Bethune, founding member of the National Council of Negro Women and who had given the convocation speech at

neg: USS Aldebaran (AF-10) got underway for Hawaii. The ship discharged cargo at Pearl Harbor during the last six days of November and, after an overnight stop at Maui, headed back to the west coast on 1 December. "Aldebaran" arrived at San Francisco on the 6th. On the following morning, the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor and plunged the United States into World War II. The ship embarked upon her first wartime voyage on 17 December. Over the next six months, "Aldebaran" completed four round-trip runs carrying provisions and passengers between San Francisco and Hawaii. She concluded the fourth of those Pearl Harbor shuttle assignments

neg: John Schofield United States establish a naval port at Pearl Harbor. Starting in 1876 until 1881, Schofield became superintendent of the United States Military Academy. A major focus was reducing hazing and increasing professionalism within the academy. In 1878, Schofield drew the ire of Radical Republicans when President Rutherford B. Hayes asked him to reopen the case of Major General Fitz John Porter, who had been convicted by a court-martial for cowardice and disobedience at the Second Battle of Bull Run. Schofield's review board used new evidence from Confederate generals who had participated in the battle, and then found that Porter had

neg: Critical infrastructure protection the United States Congress of a cyber terrorist "electronic Pearl Harbor" saying, "It is not going to be against Navy ships sitting in a Navy shipyard. It is going to be against commercial infrastructure". Later this fear was qualified by President Clinton after reports of actual cyber terrorist attacks in 2000: "I think it was an alarm. I don't think it was Pearl Harbor. We lost our Pacific fleet at Pearl Harbor. I don't think the analogous loss was that great." There are many examples of computer systems that have been hacked or victims of extortion. One such example occurred

neg: Herbert C. Jones Herbert C. Jones Herbert Charpiot Jones (January 21, 1918 – December 7, 1941) was an officer in the United States Navy who was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions during the attack on Pearl Harbor. Herbert Jones was born on January 21, 1918, at Los Angeles, California and enlisted in the United States Naval Reserve May 14, 1935. He was commissioned an ensign on November 14, 1940, and reported to the battleship at Pearl Harbor two weeks later. On December 7, 1941, the 23-year-old ensign was about to relieve the officer-of-the-deck on "California" when Japanese planes swooped

neg: Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam Commander, Pacific Air Forces (PACAF). In 2009 the base was used as the temporary operating location for Air Force One during Barack Obama's Christmas vacation at Kailua, Hawaii. Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam (JBPHH) is a United States military base adjacent to Honolulu, Hawaii. It is an amalgamation of the United States Air Force Hickam Air Force Base and the United States Navy Naval Station Pearl Harbor, which were merged in 2010. Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam is one of 12 Joint Bases the 2005 Base Realignment and Closure Commission created. It is part of Navy Region Hawaii

neg: John L. Lewis had splintered. In August of 1941 he joined Herbert Hoover, Alfred Landon, Charles Dawes, and other prominent conservatives in their appeal to Congress to halt President Roosevelt's "step-by-step projection of the United States into undeclared war." The move earned him the enmity of those on the left, including Lee Pressman and Len De Caux. After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, Lewis thew his full support behind FDR's government, stating "When the nation is attacked every American must rally to its support. All other consideration becomes insignificant...With all other citizens I join in the support of

neg: Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam (JBPHH) is a United States military base adjacent to Honolulu, Hawaii. It is an amalgamation of the United States Air Force Hickam Air Force Base and the United States Navy Naval Station Pearl Harbor, which were merged in 2010. Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam is one of 12 Joint Bases the 2005 Base Realignment and Closure Commission created. It is part of Navy Region Hawaii and provides Navy and joint operations Base Operating Support that is capabilities-based and integrated. Pearl Harbor is 8 miles from Honolulu. Naval Station Pearl Harbor provides berthing and

neg: Consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor Kurile Islands and Sakhalin Island's southern part, and the restoration of Formosa (Taiwan) to China, and the loss of Korea have not been reversed to this day. Consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor The results of the attack on Pearl Harbor were many and significant. Prior to the attack, public opinion in the United States had not been unanimous. When polled in January 1940, 60% of Americans were in favor of helping the United Kingdom in the war. A majority of Americans believed that the safety of the United States was contingent on the UK winning the war, and

neg: Causes of World War II war, the Imperial Japanese Navy attacked Pearl Harbor with the aim of destroying the main American battle fleet at anchor. At the same time, other Japanese forces attacked the U.S.-held Philippines and the British Empire in Malaya, Singapore, and Hong Kong. The USA and the United Kingdom to declare war upon Japan the next day. Four days later the U.S was brought into the European war when on December 11, 1941, Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy declared war on the United States. Hitler chose to declare that the Tripartite Pact required that Germany follow Japan's declaration of war; although American

neg: USS Manlove (DE-36) on 16 November 1945; and was sold for scrap to A. G. Schoonmaker Co., Inc., of New York City, on 4 December 1947. USS Manlove (DE-36) USS "Manlove" (DE-36) was an of the United States Navy during World War II. She was promptly sent off into the Pacific Ocean to protect convoys and other ships from Japanese submarines and fighter aircraft. She performed dangerous work in numerous battle areas, and sailed home proudly with five battle stars. "Manlove" was named after electrician Arthur Cleon Manlove who was killed aboard the when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. "Manlove" was laid down

neg: First engagement of neutral United States in World War II before the attack on Pearl Harbor to attack. The "Niblack" attacked with depth charges and drove off the U-boat. There were no casualties on board "Niblack" or the U-boat. By coincidence, USS "Niblack" was later in the same convoy as, and picked up survivors from, the USS "Reuben James" when that ship was sunk. The first American hostile action against Axis forces that resulted in physical destruction was on 14 September 1941, when destroyed a German weather station in northeast Greenland. The action was based on an agreement with Danish Ambassador to the United States Henrik Kauffmann in April 1941 to patrol the Danish island. The

neg: German declaration of war against the United States Adjutant, Admiral von Puttkamer, the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor actually buoyed Hitler's assurance in winning the war, and improved morale among the high leadership of the armed forces. Peter Padfield writes: The news [of Pearl Harbor] came as a surprise to Hitler although he knew of their intention to attack somewhere at some time and had made up his mind to support them if they attacked the United States. Now frivolously disregarding the huge financial and productive power of America and, according to ... von Puttkamer, blind to the realization that this power could be projected across the Atlantic,

neg: Paul Harvey station that once had studios in Salina, Kansas. From there, he moved to a newscasting job at KOMA in Oklahoma City, and then to KXOK in St. Louis in 1938 where he was Director of Special Events and a roving reporter. Harvey then moved to Hawaii to cover the United States Navy as it concentrated its fleet in the Pacific. He was returning to the mainland from assignment when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. He eventually enlisted in the United States Army Air Forces but served only from December 1943 to March 1944. His critics claimed that he was given

neg: USS Manlove (DE-36) USS Manlove (DE-36) USS "Manlove" (DE-36) was an of the United States Navy during World War II. She was promptly sent off into the Pacific Ocean to protect convoys and other ships from Japanese submarines and fighter aircraft. She performed dangerous work in numerous battle areas, and sailed home proudly with five battle stars. "Manlove" was named after electrician Arthur Cleon Manlove who was killed aboard the when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. "Manlove" was laid down as BDE-36, on 24 February 1943 by the Navy Yard, Mare Island, California; redesignated DE-36, on 16 June 1943; launched on 28 July

neg: Lashup Radar Network Lashup Radar Network The Lashup Radar Network was a United States Cold War radar netting system for air defense surveillance which followed the post-World War II "five-station radar net" and preceded the "high Priority Permanent System". ROTOR was a similar expedient system in the United Kingdom. United States electronic attack warning began with the 1929 Air Corps "experimenting with a rudimentary early-warning network at Aberdeen Proving Ground" MD, a 1939 networking demonstration at Twin Lights station NJ, and 2 SCR-270 radar stations during the August 1940 "Watertown maneuvers" (NY). When "Pearl Harbor was attacked, [there were 8 CONUS] early-warning stations"

neg: Pearl Harbor advance-knowledge conspiracy theory witness viewpoint" akin to Beatty's is provided by Roosevelt's administrative assistant at the time of Pearl Harbor, Jonathan Daniels; it is a telling comment about FDR's reaction to the attack – "The blow was heavier than he had hoped it would necessarily be. ... But the risks paid off; even the loss was worth the price. ..." "Ten days before the attack on Pearl Harbor", Henry L. Stimson, United States Secretary of War at the time "entered in his diary the famous and much-argued statement – that he had met with President Roosevelt to discuss the evidence of impending hostilities

neg: Pearl Harbor advance-knowledge conspiracy theory Pearl Harbor advance-knowledge conspiracy theory The Pearl Harbor advance-knowledge conspiracy theory is the argument that U.S. Government officials had advance knowledge of Japan's December 7, 1941, attack on Pearl Harbor. Ever since the Japanese attack; there has been debate as to how and why the United States had been caught off guard, and how much and when American officials knew of Japanese plans for an attack. In September 1944, John T. Flynn, a co-founder of the non-interventionist America First Committee, launched a Pearl Harbor counter-narrative when he published a forty-six page booklet entitled "The Truth about Pearl Harbor". Several writers,

neg: Submarine Squadron 4 Submarine Squadron 4 Submarine Squadron 4 (also known as "SUBRON 4" or "CSS-4") was raised by the United States Navy in 1930. Since 9 July 1997, the squadron has been based at the Naval Submarine Base New London, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America. In 1930, the squadron was raised at the Pearl Harbor submarine base. Its commanding officers to 1945 included the following captains: It was Captain Freeland A. Daubin who was in command during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941. On 13 January 1943, the command of Submarine Base Pearl Harbor and Submarine Squadron

neg: Mahan-class destroyer waters in early 1940, "Tucker" operated between the west coast and Hawaii until the end of the year. By February 1941, she was back in Pearl Harbor. "Tucker" went on a goodwill tour that included Auckland, during March, before returning to Pearl Harbor. There, she participated in exercises at sea before sailing on to San Diego. By November 1941, "Tucker" was once again in Pearl Harbor. When the Japanese attacked, the ship was berthed at East Loch undergoing tender overhaul. She was undamaged, and returned fire on the Japanese forces. After the hostilities, "Tucker" patrolled off Pearl Harbor, then spent

neg: August William Edwins Hupeh (Hubei), while also serving as the schools President. In March 1941, due to an increasingly tense political situation in China, Pastor Edwins sent his wife and children home to the United States. After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the subsequent declaration of war on Japan by the United States, American citizens living in China were interned by the Japanese. Since Shekow, where the seminary was located, was in occupied territory, Pastor Edwins became one of those interned. He was interned by the Japanese shortly after Pearl Harbor. Pastor Edwins and others received word in April 1942 that

neg: Pearl Harbor Survivors Association Pearl Harbor Survivors Association The Pearl Harbor Survivors Association (PHSA), founded in 1958 and recognized by the United States Congress in 1985, was a World War II veterans organization whose members were on Pearl Harbor or three miles or less offshore during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, on December 7, 1941. The PHSA was officially disbanded at the end of December 2011 with a membership of about 2,700 members nationally. The PHSA, which was incorporated in the State of Missouri, held Federal Charter 99-119 under Title 36 of the United States Code. The PHSA National Insignia bearing the name

neg: George Rosenkranz 2002 article for the Pan American Health Organization's magazine. Ružička arranged an academic position for Rosenkranz in Quito, Ecuador. While Rosenkranz was waiting in Havana, Cuba for a ship to Ecuador, the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. The United States immediately entered World War II. Unable to go to Ecuador, Rosenkranz accepted the Cuban president Fulgencio Batista's offer allowing refugees to stay in the country and work. He found work at the Vieta Plasencia Lab, where he was asked to develop treatments for venereal disease. The important role of hormones in human health was already known, but ways to synthesize them

neg: Pearl Harbor Aviation Museum fundraising dinners. It received support from former US astronaut Captain Walter Schirra. While executive director of the San Diego Air & Space Museum, Allan Palmer was hired by the United States Air Force to conduct a feasibility study on an aviation museum in Hawaii and then hired as its executive direction and chief executive operating officer. A groundbreaking ceremony was held March 21, 2006 for the $75,000,000 construction of the museum. It opened on December 7, 2007 on the 65th anniversary of the attack on Pearl Harbor. Its board consists of former United States president George H.W. Bush, Brigadier General

neg: Pearl Harbor was the first official visit by a sitting Japanese leader. Pearl Harbor Pearl Harbor is a lagoon harbor on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, west of Honolulu. It has been long visited by the Naval fleet of the United States, before it was acquired from the Hawaiian Kingdom by the U.S. with the signing of the Reciprocity Treaty of 1875. Much of the harbor and surrounding lands is now a United States Navy deep-water naval base. It is also the headquarters of the United States Pacific Fleet. The U.S. government first obtained exclusive use of the inlet and the right

neg: Pearl Harbor Memorial Bridge (Connecticut) Memorial Bridge in 1995 to commemorate the attack on Pearl Harbor. The old Pearl Harbor Memorial Bridge was replaced by a $554 million 10-lane extradosed bridge; the northbound span of which opened to traffic on June 22, 2012. Southbound traffic was shifted onto the new bridge, sharing the northbound span with northbound traffic until the new southbound span was completed in late 2015. Since the Gibbs Street Bridge in Portland, Oregon was redesigned from an extradosed span to a box girder bridge, the Pearl Harbor Memorial Bridge was the first extradosed bridge completed in the United States when it fully

neg: Panama during World War II bloodless coup removed Arias from power. With Ricardo Adolfo de la Guardia as the new president, the defense site negotiations moved forward quickly and positively for the United States. Then the Japanese attacked the American naval base in Hawaii, which accelerated the process of negotiations even more. The new Panamanian government declared war on Japan on December 7, 1941, on the same day of the attack on Pearl Harbor, and a day before the United States officially entered the war. Panama then declared war on Germany and Fascist Italy on December 13, 1941, along with a few other Latin American

neg: Consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor America was attacked in strength on its territory by another country – with only the September 11 attacks almost 60 years later being of a similarly catastrophic scale. It was the first decisive defeat for the United States in World War II. It has become synonymous with "surprise attack" ever since in American parlance. The U.S. mistakes of intelligence collection, sharing, and analysis leading to the Japanese success at Pearl Harbor did not, in the end, lead to lessons learned. Some Japanese today feel they were compelled to fight because of threats to their national interests and an embargo imposed

neg: Denise Restout advance in 1940, and arrived in the United States on 7 December 1941 at Ellis Island, the day Pearl Harbor was attacked. When Landowska died on 16 August 1959, Restout inherited her estate including her papers and collection of musical instruments. She continued to teach at the Landowska Center, their home in Lakeville, Connecticut until her death. Restout became a naturalized United States citizen in 1961. Three years later, in 1964, she published, with the assistance of Robert Hawkins of The Hotchkiss School, "Landowska on Music", a collection of Landowska's writings on music, which included material from "Musique ancienne" which

neg: HMCS Prince Robert refuel and replenish before sailing again for home. "Prince Robert" paused at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii before sailing for Esquimalt on 4 December. On 7 December, the United States Army Transport "Cynthia Olsen" was sunk south of "Prince Robert"s location. "Prince Robert" was ordered to the area to search but found nothing. The armed merchant cruiser arrived at Esquimalt on 10 December. Rumours that "Prince Robert" had spotted the Japanese fleet that attacked Pearl Harbor on 7 December, were denied and proven to be false. After returning to Canada, "Prince Robert" resumed patrols along the coastal shipping lanes as part of

neg: USS Neches (AO-5) bases in the Panama Canal Zone, Caribbean, and Hawaii. The oiler was underway from San Diego to Pearl Harbor when the Japanese attacked that base. She arrived on 10 December 1941, rapidly off-loaded and hurriedly returned to San Diego in order to take on more cargo for Pearl Harbor. "Neches" was returning to Pearl Harbor with the damage control hulk "DCH 1" (IX-44), formerly the destroyer , in tow. On 28 December 1941, "DCH 1" was cast adrift and scuttled by gunfire from "Neches" at 26°35′N 143°49′W. "Neches" steamed from Pearl Harbor late in the afternoon of 22 January 1942,

neg: John Van Antwerp MacMurray was likely. Japan later attacked the United States at Pearl Harbor in December 1941, drawing the US into World War Two. MacMurray was born in Schenectady, New York to Junius Wilson MacMurray and Henrietta MacMurray (née Van Antwerp). His father was a career soldier, serving as a captain in the Union Army during the American Civil War, and later joining the regular army. MacMurray's father also taught military tactics at the University of Missouri and Cornell University, and was the author of several books. His mother, Henrietta Wiswall Van Antwerp, was the daughter of a bank president. In 1892, at

neg: Bombing of Nagaoka targeted because it was the hometown of Japanese Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, who had directed the attack on Pearl Harbor, the presence of the chemical laboratory was more likely the reason the city was targeted. Nagaoka was attacked for the first time on 26 July 1945. The city was one of ten to be attacked during late July by the United States Army Air Forces' 509th Composite Group to practice the tactics the unit later used to conduct the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. These raids were conducted by small groups of two to six Boeing B-29 Superfortress bombers armed

neg: USS Sotoyomo (YTM-9) overhaul when Pearl Harbor was attacked 7 December 1941. Explosions and fires on "Shaw" greatly damaged "Sotoyomo" which resulted in total submersion. Originally "Sotoyomo" was deemed a total loss, but she was later refloated, repaired, and rehabilitated. "Sotoyomo" served throughout World War II in various locations across the Pacific. USS Sotoyomo (YTM-9) USS "Sotoyomo" (YTM-9/YT-9/Harbor Tug No.9) was a harbor tug built at the turn of the twentieth century. She saw service in both World War I and World War II and was heavily damaged by the Attack on Pearl Harbor. "Sotoyomo" was the oldest vessel at Pearl Harbor in

neg: China Clipper flight departure site news of the attack on Pearl Harbor and was strafed floating on the lagoon when Japanese planes attacked Wake. Despite 96 bullet holes, the Clipper successfully returned to California. "Pacific Clipper" was in Auckland, New Zealand at the time of the attack, and its crew opted to return to the United States westbound rather than retrace its normal route. Its January 1942 arrival in New York marked the first circumnavigation of the globe by commercial aircraft. The United States Navy assumed control of the Clippers in 1942, although Pan Am crews continued to fly the aircraft. Clippers flew between California

neg: 1943 Argentine coup d'état a neutral position strengthened by the Neutrality Acts and its traditional Isolationism, although that would change radically when Japan attacked its military bases in the Pacific. In the wake of Pearl Harbor, at the Rio Conference of 1942, the United States called upon all Latin American countries to enter the war en bloc. For the United States, which was not affected by the interruption of trade between Argentina and Europe, World War II was presented as an excellent opportunity to finish imposing its continental hegemony, both politically and economically, and permanently displace Great Britain from its stronghold in Latin America.