query: when did crater lake become a national park

pos: Crater Lake National Park Crater Lake National Park Crater Lake National Park is an American national park located in southern Oregon. Established in 1902, Crater Lake is the fifth-oldest national park in the United States and the only national park in Oregon. The park encompasses the caldera of Crater Lake, a remnant of a destroyed volcano, Mount Mazama, and the surrounding hills and forests. The lake is deep at its deepest point, which makes it the deepest lake in the United States, the second-deepest in North America and the ninth-deepest in the world. Crater Lake is often referred to as the seventh-deepest lake in

pos: Crater Lake National Park of the Crater Lake Lodge and gains approximately of elevation. Several spots along the trail provide viewpoints overlooking the Phantom Ship island and Dutton Cliff. A few viewpoints offer unique views of Wizard island. The trail is popular in the late afternoon on account of unique shifting colors over the lake and its surroundings. Crater Lake National Park Crater Lake National Park is an American national park located in southern Oregon. Established in 1902, Crater Lake is the fifth-oldest national park in the United States and the only national park in Oregon. The park encompasses the caldera of Crater Lake,

pos: Rim Drive party led by Captain Clarence Dutton to survey Crater Lake. During the visit, Steel named many of the lake's landmarks including Wizard Island, Llao Rock, and Skell Head. The lake's natural beauty made a great impression on Steel. As a result, when he returned from the survey expedition, he began advocating that Crater Lake be established as a national park. On 22 May 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt signed the bill making Crater Lake the Nation's sixth national park. The United States Department of the Interior was charged with developing road access and visitor services for the park. This was a

pos: Munson Valley Historic District by Captain Clarence Dutton to survey Crater Lake. The team carried a half-ton survey boat, the "Cleetwood", up the steep mountain slope and lowered it into the lake. During the visit, Steel named many of the lake's landmarks including Wizard Island, Llao Rock, and Skell Head. The lake's natural beauty made a great impression on Steel. As a result, when he returned from survey trip, he began advocating that Crater Lake be established as a national park. On 22 May 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt signed the bill making Crater Lake the Nation's sixth national park. The United States Department of

pos: Crater Lake National Park to the modern official depth of made in 2000 by sonar. At the same time, a topographer surveyed the area and created the first professional map of the Crater Lake area. Partly based on data from the expedition and lobbying from Steel and others, Crater Lake National Park was established May 22, 1902 by President Theodore Roosevelt. And because of Steel's involvement, Crater Lake Lodge was opened in 1915 and the Rim Drive was completed in 1918. Highways were later built to the park to help facilitate tourism. The 1929 edition of "O Ranger!" described access and facilities available by

pos: Peter Britt a pun on Bain Wagon Company, which manufactured his wagon. Although Britt traveled only within of Jacksonville, this provided opportunities to photograph the Oregon Coast, the Redwood Empire, the Siskiyou Mountains, the Rogue and Klamath rivers, and the deserts and lava beds east of the Cascades. Peter Britt is often remembered as the person who took the first successful photograph of Crater Lake. He did so in 1874, after his attempts in 1868 and 1869 had failed. His photos helped William Gladstone Steel persuade Congress to create Crater Lake National Park in 1902. Britt also painted Crater Lake. Many of

pos: Crater Lake Lodge This is surprisingly close to the modern sonar-based readings made in 1959 that established the lake's deepest point at . William Gladstone Steel accompanied the Dutton party in 1886. He named many of the lake's landmarks including Wizard Island, Llao Rock, and Skell Head, and participated in lake surveys that provided scientific evidence of the lake's uniqueness. After he returned, Steel began advocating that Crater Lake be established as a national park. On 22 May 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt signed a bill making Crater Lake the United States' sixth national park. The idea of building a guest lodge at Crater

pos: Garfield Peak (Oregon) who created the national park in 1902. Garfield visited the park in 1907, the first cabinet member to visit Crater Lake. Garfield Peak was created after Mount Mazama, a large stratovolcano, erupted violently approximately 7,700 years ago, formed on the rim of its caldera which now contains Crater Lake. The walls along the southern rim of Crater Lake have had a peculiar influence from sulfur steams coming off fumaroles, which color the rock especially on Garfield Peak, the Eagle Crags and Applegate trail. The rock color frequently changes from shades of red, brown, to yellow. The reds and browns of

pos: Rim Village Historic District park. On 22 May 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt signed the bill making Crater Lake the Nation's sixth national park. The United States Department of Interior was charged with developing road access and visitor services for the park. This was a difficult job because of the park's remote location at the summit of the Cascade Mountains. By 1905, a "steep and tortuous" road leading to the crater rim was completed. This access road was essential for the development of the Rim Village area. In 1905, William Gladstone Steel brought professional photographer Frederick H. Kiser to Crater Lake. Many of the early

pos: Shenandoah National Park a result of differential erosion during the Cenozoic, although some post-Paleozoic tectonic activity occurred in the region. Legislation to create a national park in the Appalachian mountains was first introduced by new Virginia congressman Henry D. Flood in 1901, but despite the support of President Theodore Roosevelt, failed to pass. The first national park was Yellowstone, in Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho. It was signed into law in 1872. Yosemite National Park was created in 1890. When Congress created the National Park Service (NPS) in 1916, additional parks had maintained the western pattern (Crater Lake in 1902, Wind Cave in 1903,

pos: Peter Britt Peter Britt Peter Britt (Obstalden, Canton of Glarus, Switzerland 12 March 1819 - Jacksonville, Oregon, 3 October 1905) was a Swiss portrait painter and American pioneer photographer, meteorologist, accomplished horticulturist, an early settler and developer in the Rogue Valley of the Oregon Territory. Britt is considered as one of the Pacific Northwest's most celebrated photographers, as well as the "father of the grape industry" in Southern Oregon. His photos of Crater Lake were instrumental in creation of the Crater Lake National Park in 1902. When Peter Britt was born in the town of Obstalden in the Swiss canton of Glarus,

pos: Mount Mazama 1902 with the recognition of Crater Lake National Park. A few decades after its discovery, Mazama began attracting geological interest. After conducting research at Mazama during the 1880s, in 1902, Joseph S. Diller published a major report with the United States Geological Survey concerning Crater Lake National Park. In the study, he and co-author Horace B. Patton made the claim that Mazama had collapsed instead of being blown apart, the first American geologists to do so. Their work was followed by research led by Howel Williams of the University of California, Berkeley, which was published in 1942. In the paper,

pos: Comfort Station No. 68 the Plaza Comfort Station was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Comfort Station No. 68 (NRHP #88002624). On May 22, 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt signed the bill making Crater Lake the nation's sixth national park. The United States Department of the Interior was charged with developing visitor services in the park. The National Park Service approved a master plan for development of Rim Village in 1927. Implementation of the plan was overseen by the National Park Service's Landscape Engineering Division, headed by Thomas C. Vint. Over the next fourteen years, Crater Lake's infrastructure was developed in accordance

neg: Crater Lake Lodge lobby provides information about the history of the lodge, Crater Lake, and the park. The lodge is open from late-May to mid-October. Crater Lake Lodge Crater Lake Lodge is a hotel built in 1915 to provide overnight accommodations for visitors to Crater Lake National Park in southern Oregon, USA. The lodge is located on the southwest rim of the Crater Lake caldera overlooking the lake below. The lodge is owned by the National Park Service, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Crater Lake lies inside a caldera created 7,700 years ago when the -high Mount Mazama

neg: Crater Lake Lodge Crater Lake Lodge Crater Lake Lodge is a hotel built in 1915 to provide overnight accommodations for visitors to Crater Lake National Park in southern Oregon, USA. The lodge is located on the southwest rim of the Crater Lake caldera overlooking the lake below. The lodge is owned by the National Park Service, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Crater Lake lies inside a caldera created 7,700 years ago when the -high Mount Mazama collapsed following a large volcanic eruption. Over the following millennium, the caldera was filled with rain water forming today's lake. The Klamath

neg: Crater Lakes National Park Lake Eacham National Park to form Crater Lakes National Park. Crater Lakes National Park Crater Lakes is a national park in Queensland, Australia, 1367 km northwest of Brisbane. The park contains two volcanically-formed lakes, Lake Barrine and Lake Eacham (Yidyam). Both lakes have walking trails around the lake; boat tours are also given at Lake Barrine. In 1934, the Queensland Government created Lake Barrine National Park and Lake Eacham National Park. In 1988, UNESCO declared the Wet Tropics of Queensland a World Heritage site with 14 areas protected, one of which was at Lake Barrine and at Lake Eacham. In

neg: Mount Mazama cannot tolerate warm weather because their fur does not release heat efficiently. Climate change might be diminishing their food supply via disturbances of vegetation growth patterns. At least three pika populations in Oregon have disappeared within the past few decades. Likewise, as a result of climate change, mountain pine beetle infestations have become more frequent among Whitebark pines on the rim of Crater Lake and present on nearby peaks. The National Park Service estimates that roughly half of the whitebark pines in Crater Lake National Park have died or are dying. Because the ecosystem in Crater Lake is isolated from

neg: William Gladstone Steel where the lake is, which the Klamath people had called "giiwas" for 10,000 years, calling it Mount Mazama. Steel's lobbying led to the designation of Crater Lake National Park as the sixth US National Park. He was not the first superintendent of the park, but did manage to get the first superintendent ousted in what was known as the "Crater Lake Rumble". Steel believed it was important to develop the lake to bring the public to the lake, including selling the idea of a lodge and an encircling road at the crater's rim, but he also envisioned an elevator to

neg: Crater Lakes National Park Crater Lakes National Park Crater Lakes is a national park in Queensland, Australia, 1367 km northwest of Brisbane. The park contains two volcanically-formed lakes, Lake Barrine and Lake Eacham (Yidyam). Both lakes have walking trails around the lake; boat tours are also given at Lake Barrine. In 1934, the Queensland Government created Lake Barrine National Park and Lake Eacham National Park. In 1988, UNESCO declared the Wet Tropics of Queensland a World Heritage site with 14 areas protected, one of which was at Lake Barrine and at Lake Eacham. In 1994, the Queensland Government merged Lake Barrine National Park and

neg: Rim Drive Rim Drive Rim Drive is a scenic highway in Crater Lake National Park in southern Oregon. It is a loop that follows the caldera rim around Crater Lake. Because of its unique engineering and the surrounding park landscape, the drive was listed as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008. Crater Lake lies inside a caldera created 7,700 years ago when the high Mount Mazama collapsed following a large volcanic eruption. Over the following millennia the caldera filled with rain water forming today's lake. In 1886, William Gladstone Steel accompanied a United States Geological Survey

neg: Rim Drive are charged between $25 and $200 depending on the vehicle's capacity. Rim Drive Rim Drive is a scenic highway in Crater Lake National Park in southern Oregon. It is a loop that follows the caldera rim around Crater Lake. Because of its unique engineering and the surrounding park landscape, the drive was listed as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008. Crater Lake lies inside a caldera created 7,700 years ago when the high Mount Mazama collapsed following a large volcanic eruption. Over the following millennia the caldera filled with rain water forming today's lake.

neg: Union Creek, Oregon Union Creek, Oregon Union Creek is an unincorporated community in Jackson County in the U.S. state of Oregon. It is located along Union Creek and Oregon Route 62 (Crater Lake Highway), about from Crater Lake National Park. The community is home to the Union Creek Historic District, which has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1980. The community is named after the creek, which in turn took its name from Union Peak in the national park. A Union Creek post office was established in 1924 and ceased operations in 1942, although it did not formally close

neg: Crater Lake Superintendent's Residence Crater Lake Superintendent's Residence Crater Lake Superintendent's Residence, is "an impressive structure of massive boulders and heavy-handed woodwork" at Crater Lake National Park in southern Oregon. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1987 as an important example of 1930s National Park Service Rustic architecture. The park Superintendent's Residence is located at north end of Munson Valley Historic District. It was constructed in 1933. The building's footprint is with a rustic stone superstructure and wood-shake roof. The first floor includes an entry hall, living room with lava-rock fireplace, a dining room, kitchen, and bedroom with adjoining bathroom. The second

neg: Merel S. Sager was assigned to the Western Division and was given responsibility in the 1930s for Sequoia National Park, the General Grant Grove of giant sequoias, Lassen Volcanic National Park, and Crater Lake National Park. He later assumed responsibility for the Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park as well. Sager's works include the Moro Rock Stairway, several structures at Giant Forest Village-Camp Kaweah Historic District (1926-1927) in Sequoia National Park, and the House of the Sun Visitor Center at that Crater Historic District in Haleakala National Park. In the early 1930s, he was also the assistant park architect at Crater Lake National Park. In

neg: Lake Barrine Lake Barrine Lake Barrine is a freshwater lake situated on the eastern parts of Atherton Tableland in the locality of Lake Barrine, Tablelands Region, Far North Queensland, Australia, close to Lake Eacham. The lake and surrounds are protected within the Crater Lakes National Park and are accessible via the Gillies Highway. Lake Barrine was formed over 17,000 years ago when a large volcano erupted, leaving a crater that over time filled up with water to create a lake. The crater or maar was formed as a result of a series of volcanic explosions. These explosions were caused by the hot

neg: Crater Lake National Park indigo body of water "Deep Blue Lake" and the place on the southwest side of the rim where he first saw the lake later became known as Discovery Point. But gold was more on the minds of settlers at the time and the discovery was soon forgotten. The suggested name later fell out of favor by locals, who preferred the name "Crater Lake". William Gladstone Steel devoted his life and fortune to the establishment and management of a national park at Crater Lake. His preoccupation with the lake began in 1870. In his efforts to bring recognition to the park,

neg: Rim Village Historic District Rim Village Historic District Rim Village is the main area for tourist services in Crater Lake National Park in southern Oregon, United States. It is located on the southwest rim of the caldera overlooking Crater Lake. The National Park Service designed Rim Village to concentrate park services at a location that provided easy access to rim trails and view points. Because of the unique rustic architecture of the Rim Village structures and the surrounding park landscape, the area was listed as Rim Village Historic District on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997. Crater Lake lies inside a caldera

neg: Halemaʻumaʻu Crater lot were lost when segments of the crater rim slumped into the crater, while Crater Rim Drive is closed along with the closure of the entire Kīlauea section of the Park. In May 2015 and October 2016, the lava lake overflowed onto the surrounding floor of the crater. In April 2018, a significant series of overflows had reportedly covered most of the Halema'uma'u Crater floor with new lava. Halemaʻumaʻu Crater Halemaumau Crater ("six syllables: -lay--oo--oo") is a pit crater located within the much larger summit caldera of Kīlauea in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. The roughly circular crater was x prior

neg: Mount Mazama without which the lake would likely have overflowed at the northern side. Average snowfall in the Crater Lake area has been decreasing since the 1930s. Crater Lake's mean surface water temperatures have increased about since the 1960s. Though this may eventually cause algae to grow and obscure the water, Crater Lake remains one of the cleanest bodies of water in the world. Crater Lake National Park and the area surrounding Mount Mazama range in elevation from , providing diverse habitats. In the Cascades, the topography and elevation have influenced local climate patterns, also shaping global climate when volcanic gas and

neg: Crater Lake Mount Mazama was destroyed in the battle, creating Crater Lake, called "giiwas" in the Klamath language. The Klamath people used Crater Lake in vision quests, which often involved climbing the caldera walls and other dangerous tasks. Those who were successful in such quests were often regarded as having more spiritual powers. The tribe still holds Crater Lake in high regard as a spiritual site. Crater Lake Crater Lake (Klamath: giiwas) is a crater lake in south-central Oregon in the western United States. It is the main feature of Crater Lake National Park and is famous for its deep blue color

neg: Environment Oregon OSPIRG was started by students at the University of Oregon, inspired by Ralph Nader, who did a speaking tour of college campuses in the early 1970s. As of 2014, Environment Oregon was working on a campaign to stop the Bybee timber sale outside of Crater Lake National Park. Critical wildlife habitat surrounding Crater Lake is under threat from bulldozers, backhoes and chainsaws. Around the park, logging companies are pushing to clearcut thousands of acres of forest—land that shelters the headwaters of the Rogue and Umpqua rivers, which are critical for maintaining healthy runs of Steelhead, Coho and Chinook salmon. In

neg: Rim Village Historic District photographs of the park are Kiser's work. In 1907, Steel established the Crater Lake Company to run "Camp Crater" which provided park visitors with basic services. Crater Lake Lodge was the first major building constructed in the area that is now Rim Village. It was begun in 1909 by the Crater Lake Company. The lodge was located close to the edge of the rim to ensure visitors had a spectacular view of the lake and the surrounding caldera. Because of the remote location and short construction season, the lodge was not finished until 1915. The National Park Service was established

neg: Watchman Lookout Station Watchman Peak, a high point on the western rim above Crater Lake. Watchman Peak was named by William Gladstone Steel in 1886 when he brought a survey team to Crater Lake to measure its depth. The lookout structure (designated "Building 168") was constructed in 1932, and served the dual purpose of fire lookout and trail museum. The lookout location was selected by Merel S. Sager of the National Park Service Landscape Division. Early detection and prompt suppression of forest fires was a primary responsibility of the National Park Service. Lookouts, like the one on Watchman Peak, were located on heights

neg: Crater Lake National Park spring. Most of the park's roads remain closed through late spring, and snow lingers into the summer. In July and August, snowfall is uncommon, and "one magnificent day typically follows another". January is the coldest month, when highs average about and lows average about . August is the warmest month, with an average high of roughly and an average low of about . Between 1962 and 1990, the highest recorded temperature was , and the lowest was . Annual precipitation averages about a year. December is the wettest, averaging about . Although snow covers Crater Lake National Park for eight

neg: Mount Mazama speeds from . Likewise, landslides could threaten visitors to the national park or researchers by creating tsunami-sized waves, also potentially damaging infrastructure surrounding the lake. Located north of the city of Klamath Falls and northeast of Medford, Crater Lake can be reached from U.S. Route 97 on the east, on the southwest by Highway 62, and on the northwest by Highway 138. Crater Lake and the remnants of Mount Mazama can be seen from Rim Drive, a road that surrounds the caldera, which is the only part within the Crater Lake National Park where vehicles are permitted. The Garfield Peak

neg: Umpqua National Forest The Mt. Thielsen was born of the same volcanic activity that created Crater Lake and some trails pass over deep pumice that was deposited when Mt. Mazama erupted. The Pacific Crest Trail passes through the middle of the wilderness area. Umpqua National Forest Umpqua National Forest, in southern Oregon's Cascade Range, covers an area of in Douglas, Lane, and Jackson counties, and borders Crater Lake National Park. The four ranger districts for the forest are the Cottage Grove, Diamond Lake, North Umpqua, and Tiller ranger districts. The forest is managed by the United States Forest Service, headquartered in Roseburg. Stands

neg: Crater Lake National Park then: Crater Lake National Park is reached by train on the Southern Pacific Railroad lines into Medford and Klamath Falls, at which stops motor stages make the short trip to the park. A hotel on the rim of the lake offers accommodations. For the motorist, the visit to the park is a short side trip from the Pacific and Dalles-California highways. He will find, in addition to the hotel, campsites, stores, filling stations. The park is open to travel from late June or July 1 for as long as snow does not block the roads, generally until October. The lake

neg: Crater Lake Crater Lake Crater Lake (Klamath: giiwas) is a crater lake in south-central Oregon in the western United States. It is the main feature of Crater Lake National Park and is famous for its deep blue color and water clarity. The lake partly fills a nearly -deep caldera that was formed around 7,700 (± 150) years ago by the collapse of the volcano Mount Mazama. There are no rivers flowing into or out of the lake; the evaporation is compensated for by rain and snowfall at a rate such that the total amount of water is replaced every 250 years. With

neg: Boggust Park Crater subdivision in the 1990s. The tuff ring is breached to the north-east, presumably by the sea during the Last Interglacial warm period, about 130,000 years ago, when the sea level was 5–6 m above the present. The present floor of the crater is about 5 m above present high tide level and slopes down to the edge of Harania Creek estuary on the Manukau Harbour. After eruption, Boggust Crater would have become a freshwater lake, before it was breached by the sea to become an intertidal lagoon for a few thousand years, rather like Panmure Basin today. The sea level

neg: Poás Volcano Poás Volcano The Poás Volcano, (), is an active stratovolcano in central Costa Rica and is located within Poas Volcano National Park. It has erupted 40 times since 1828, including April 2017 when visitors and residents were evacuated. The volcano and surrounding park were closed for nearly 17 months, with a 2.5 kilometer safety perimeter established around the erupting crater. As of September 1, 2018 the park has reopened with limited access only to the crater observation area and requires a reservation to be made on the National Park Website. Adjacent trails to Lake Botos as well as the museum

neg: Poás Volcano at the crater is limited. Only the main crater observation area is open as of September 2018. Adjacent trails including the trail to the Lake Botos remain closed. Poás Volcano The Poás Volcano, (), is an active stratovolcano in central Costa Rica and is located within Poas Volcano National Park. It has erupted 40 times since 1828, including April 2017 when visitors and residents were evacuated. The volcano and surrounding park were closed for nearly 17 months, with a 2.5 kilometer safety perimeter established around the erupting crater. As of September 1, 2018 the park has reopened with limited access

neg: Crater Lake Lodge destroyed most of the vegetation around the lodge. During the 1930s, the Civilian Conservation Corps built Rim Village adjacent to the lodge. Their work included landscaping around the lodge, something the privately operated lodge could not afford to do on its own. The new landscape included hundreds of indigenous trees and shrubs that helped blend the lodge structure into its surroundings environment. In addition, the National Park Service paved the lodge parking areas and adjacent walkways. This significantly reduced the dust and erosion problems around the building. During World War II, both Crater Lake National Park and the Crater Lake

neg: Munson Valley Historic District and $200 depending on the vehicle's capacity. Munson Valley Historic District Munson Valley Historic District is the headquarters and main support area for Crater Lake National Park in southern Oregon. The National Park Service chose Munson Valley for the park headquarters because of its central location within the park. Because of the unique rustic architecture of the Munson Valley buildings and the surrounding park landscape, the area was listed as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1988. The district has eighteen contributing buildings, including the Crater Lake Superintendent's Residence which is a U.S. National

neg: Munson Valley Historic District Munson Valley Historic District Munson Valley Historic District is the headquarters and main support area for Crater Lake National Park in southern Oregon. The National Park Service chose Munson Valley for the park headquarters because of its central location within the park. Because of the unique rustic architecture of the Munson Valley buildings and the surrounding park landscape, the area was listed as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1988. The district has eighteen contributing buildings, including the Crater Lake Superintendent's Residence which is a U.S. National Historic Landmark and separately listed on the

neg: Comfort Station No. 72 Comfort Station No. 72 Comfort Station No. 72 (also known as Comfort Station #4) is a historic visitor services building in Crater Lake National Park in southern Oregon, United States. It was built in 1930 to provide a public toilet and shower facilities for park visitors. It was constructed in the National Park Service Rustic style of architecture, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. The Comfort Station #4 (building 72) is located in Rim Village in Crater Lake National Park. It was built to provide public showers and restrooms for park visitors. It is

neg: Comfort Station No. 68 Comfort Station No. 68 Comfort Station No. 68 (or Plaza Comfort Station) is a historic visitor services building in Crater Lake National Park in southern Oregon, United States. It was built in 1938 to provide a public toilet and shower facilities for park visitors. It was constructed in the National Park Service Rustic style of architecture, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. The Plaza Comfort Station (building 68) is located in Rim Village in Crater Lake National Park. It was built to provide public showers and restrooms for park visitors. It is located on

neg: Halemaʻumaʻu Crater Halemaʻumaʻu Crater Halemaumau Crater ("six syllables: -lay--oo--oo") is a pit crater located within the much larger summit caldera of Kīlauea in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. The roughly circular crater was x prior to collapses that roughly doubled the size of the crater after May 3, 2018. Halemaumau is home to Pele, goddess of fire and volcanoes, according to the traditions of Hawaiian religion. Halemaʻumaʻu means "house of the āmau fern". The crater until recently contained an active lava lake. From 2008, when the current vent inside Halemaumau crater first erupted, to April 2015, lava was present inside the vent, fluctuating

neg: Oregon the summit of Mount Hood, at , and its lowest point is the sea level of the Pacific Ocean along the Oregon Coast. Oregon's mean elevation is . Crater Lake National Park is the state's only national park and the site of Crater Lake, the deepest lake in the United States at . Oregon claims the D River as the shortest river in the world, though the state of Montana makes the same claim of its Roe River. Oregon is also home to Mill Ends Park (in Portland), the smallest park in the world at . Oregon is split into

neg: Crater Lake National Park Mount Mazama and the relatively moist climate that is typical of the crest of the Cascade Range. The caldera rim ranges in elevation from . The United States Geological Survey benchmarked elevation of the lake surface is . The national park encompasses . Crater Lake has no streams flowing into or out of it. All water that enters the lake is eventually lost from evaporation or subsurface seepage. The lake's water commonly has a striking blue hue, and the lake is refilled entirely from direct precipitation in the form of snow and rain. Volcanic activity in this area is fed

neg: Oregon Route 230 Lake National Park directly; however, the park can be accessed via either OR 62 (all year) or OR 138 (during the summer, when the North Entrance to the park is open). Oregon Route 230 Oregon Route 230 is an Oregon state highway which runs along the western edge of Crater Lake National Park, in rural Douglas County, Oregon. It is known as the West Diamond Lake Highway No. 233 (see Oregon highways and routes), and is long. OR 230 begins, at its southern (or "western") terminus, at an intersection with Oregon Route 62 near Union Creek. It heads north, skirting

neg: Wood River (Oregon) State Recreation Site. The aquifer that feeds the spring is believed to originate to the northwest in the east side drainage of Crater Lake National Park. The Wood River meanders through pine forest and agricultural land for before flowing into Agency Lake. The Wood River's largest tributary is Annie Creek which originates inside the boundary of Crater Lake National Park, and is fed by the park's snowpack as well as groundwater from natural springs. After leaving the park, Annie Creek passes through the Fremont-Winema National Forests and then runs along the western border of Sun Pass State Forest for about

neg: Crater Lake National Park the world, but this former listing excludes the approximately depth of subglacial Lake Vostok in Antarctica, which resides under nearly of ice, and the recent report of a maximum depth for Lake O'Higgins/San Martin, located on the border of Chile and Argentina. However, when comparing its average depth of to the average depth of other deep lakes, Crater Lake becomes the deepest in the Western Hemisphere and the third-deepest in the world. The impressive average depth of this volcanic lake is due to the nearly symmetrical caldera formed 7,700 years ago during the violent climactic eruptions and subsequent collapse of

neg: Oregon Route 62 starts heading in a more easterly direction. Just short of the park, in the community of Union Creek, the highway intersects with Oregon Route 230, which provides a north–south bypass of Crater Lake. After the intersection with OR 230, the highway turns east. Eight miles east of Union Creek, the highway enters Crater Lake National Park, and runs through the park for . OR 62 does not get close to the lake itself; an access road midway through the park provides a route to the rim of the lake. After the access road, the highway turns south. West of the

neg: Crater Lake National Park access for people is from Cleetwood Trail, a steep walking trail, and there are no roads for cars, trucks, or wagons that lead to the waterfront. All of the boats in the lake were delivered by helicopter. Numerous observation points along the caldera rim for the lake are readily accessible by automobile via the "Rim Drive", which is long and has an elevation gain of . The highest point in Crater Lake National Park is Mount Scott at . Getting there requires a fairly steep hike from the Rim Drive trailhead. On a clear day, visibility from the summit exceeds

neg: Oregon 2,389,228. Oregon is one of the most geographically diverse states in the U.S., marked by volcanoes, abundant bodies of water, dense evergreen and mixed forests, as well as high deserts and semi-arid shrublands. At , Mount Hood, a stratovolcano, is the state's highest point. Oregon's only national park, Crater Lake National Park, comprises the caldera surrounding Crater Lake, the deepest lake in the United States. The state is also home to the single largest organism in the world, "Armillaria ostoyae", a fungus that runs beneath of the Malheur National Forest. Because of its diverse landscapes and waterways, Oregon's economy is

neg: Oregon Skyline Trail of the PCT. Permits are required for overnight stays in some wilderness areas along the Oregon Skyline Trail/PCT and the alternate routes. These free, self-issued permits can be obtained while on the trail, usually at the wilderness boundary. Camping in the backcountry of Crater Lake National Park requires a permit. Signing the register where the trail enters the Park serves as a permit for Oregon Skyline Trail/PCT thru hikers. The trail crosses paved roads at or near Barlow Pass, Santiam Pass, McKenzie Pass, Willamette Pass, Crater Lake National Park, Fish Lake, and Green Springs Summit, which facilitates resupplying for thru

neg: Sinnott Memorial Observation Station it was the first National Park Service building constructed specifically as a museum and the first structure built in Crater Lake National Park using rustic stone masonry construction. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Sinnott Memorial Building No. 67. The Sinnott Memorial was funded by a $10,000 appropriation from the United States Congress. It was intended to honor Nicholas J. Sinnott who represented eastern Oregon in the United States House of Representatives from 1913 to 1928. As chairman of the House Public Lands Committee, Sinnott had actively supported Crater Lake National Park. He died in

neg: Garfield Peak (Oregon) Garfield Peak (Oregon) Garfield Peak is a mountain peak on the south end of Crater Lake in Crater Lake National Park, Oregon. The top of the peak reaches above sea level. The peak has a elevation trail to the summit from the Crater Lake lodge, one of the most popular hiking sites surrounding the lake. The 1.7 mile trail continues East toward Applegate peak ( high). The peak is one of seven peaks on Crater Lake's rim to rise above . The Garfield Peak was named in honor of James Rudolph Garfield, the Secretary of Interior for President Teddy Roosevelt,

neg: Crater Lake Lodge Lodge were closed to the public. After the war, park visitation increased dramatically and the lodge benefited from the increase in tourism. The National Park Service continually pushed the lodge operator to upgrade the facility, but little was done to maintain the structure beyond basic utilities maintenance and required fire safety measures. Eventually, cables had to be stretched between the north and south walls to keep them from bowing. In 1967, the National Park Service acquired the Crater Lake Lodge. The lodge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981. However, the building continued to deteriorate due

neg: Jezero (crater) Jezero (crater) Jezero ( or ) is a crater on Mars located at in the Syrtis Major quadrangle. The diameter of the crater is about . Thought to have once been flooded with water, the crater contains a fan-delta deposit rich in clays. The lake in the crater was present when valley networks were forming on Mars. Besides having a delta, the crater shows point bars and inverted channels. From a study of the delta and channels, it was concluded that the lake did not experience times when the water went down. It probably formed when there was continual surface

neg: Crater Lake National Park ash as far east as the northwest corner of what is now Yellowstone National Park, as far south as central Nevada, and as far north as southern British Columbia. It produced more than 150 times as much ash as the May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. This ash has since developed a soil type called andisol. Soils in Crater Lake National Park are brown, dark brown or dark grayish-brown sandy loams or loamy sands which have plentiful cobbles, gravel and stones. They are slightly to moderately acidic and their drainage is somewhat excessive. Snow is relatively rare at

neg: Howel Williams first papers on the geology of various California volcanic regions. Williams was a member of the National Academy of Sciences. He published many studies on the volcanoes of California, but is most noted for his "The Geology of Crater Lake National Park" in which he recognized the nature of the collapse of the crater and extended the work to develop the principles of volcanic caldera formation. He did extensive early work on the geology of Central America (often sketch-mapping from the windows of second-class buses), and of the Galapagos Islands. In Latin America, Williams put to good use his early

neg: Wizard Island the island. Wizard Island Wizard Island is a volcanic cinder cone which forms an island at the west end of Crater Lake in Crater Lake National Park, Oregon. The top of the island reaches above sea level, about above the average surface of the lake. The cone is capped by a volcanic crater about wide and deep. The crater was named the "Witches Cauldron" by William Gladstone Steel in 1885, who also gave Wizard Island its name at the same time. The land area of the island is . Wizard Island was created after Mount Mazama, a large complex volcano,

neg: Wizard Island Wizard Island Wizard Island is a volcanic cinder cone which forms an island at the west end of Crater Lake in Crater Lake National Park, Oregon. The top of the island reaches above sea level, about above the average surface of the lake. The cone is capped by a volcanic crater about wide and deep. The crater was named the "Witches Cauldron" by William Gladstone Steel in 1885, who also gave Wizard Island its name at the same time. The land area of the island is . Wizard Island was created after Mount Mazama, a large complex volcano, erupted violently

neg: Klamath Falls, Oregon throughout the year. A large number of bald eagles winter in Bear Valley, located west of Klamath Falls, near Keno, and the American white pelican shows in great numbers in summer. Crater Lake National Park is north of Klamath Falls, and Rim Drive, which circles the lake, is a favorite of cyclists. Winter cross country skiing and snow shoeing in the park is also very popular. The more-than-mile-high Crater Lake Marathon is an annual event. Lava Beds National Monument is about to the southeast of Klamath Falls near the town of Tulelake, California. The Lava Beds provide an excellent opportunity

neg: Irazú Volcano National Park eruptions. The forest is made up of conifers and other exotic and native species and also a native forest consisting mainly of oaks and alder, protecting the watershed of the Reventado River. The Crater Principal lake has an unusual greenish yellow coloring caused by rainfall dissolving the minerals along the craters walls. It has also been known to change colour to rust-red depending on the minerals present. The inactive, dry Diego de la Haya crater sits just up to the right of the Crater Principal and is filled with volcanic ash. Irazú Volcano National Park Irazú Volcano National Park, or

neg: Mount Hypipamee Crater loud bang when the rock hits the surface of the water and the noise echos up the sides. Dinner Falls at the head of the upper Barron River gorge is also part of this park. It was once thought that "The Crater", Lake Eacham and Lake Barrine were all connected underground with water tunnels, but this is incorrect. Local legend once said that an aboriginal woman once fell over the side into the crater and later surfaced in Lake Eacham. Mount Hypipamee Crater The Mount Hypipamee Crater, also known as The Crater is a huge diatreme located south-east of Herberton

neg: Union Creek, Oregon until 1945. Helen C. Herriott was the first postmaster. Union Creek, Oregon Union Creek is an unincorporated community in Jackson County in the U.S. state of Oregon. It is located along Union Creek and Oregon Route 62 (Crater Lake Highway), about from Crater Lake National Park. The community is home to the Union Creek Historic District, which has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1980. The community is named after the creek, which in turn took its name from Union Peak in the national park. A Union Creek post office was established in 1924 and ceased

neg: Watchman Lookout Station Watchman Lookout Station The Watchman Lookout Station No. 168 is one of two fire lookout towers in Crater Lake National Park in southern Oregon. For many years, National Park Service personnel used the lookout to watch for wildfires during the summer months. It is also a common hiking destination because of its views of Crater Lake and the surrounding area. The building is unusual because it serves the dual purpose of fire lookout and museum. The Watchman Lookout Station is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The Watchman Lookout Station is located 8,025 feet above sea level on

neg: Valley Lake (South Australia) Valley Lake (South Australia) The Valley Lake is a monomictic crater lake in the Australian state of South Australia situated in the south of Mount Gambier, near the Blue Lake. The Lake is surrounded by a park situated on Davidson Drive. The shore of the lake features a kids playground, sporting facilities, BBQs and toilets. There is also a Wildlife Park, as well as Centenary Tower at the top of the surrounding crater. When Mount Gambier was first discovered in 1839 by Stephen Henty of Portland, the Valley Lake and the Blue Lake were considered a good source of water

neg: Poás Volcano National Park the Alajuela Province near the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, which encompasses the area around the Poás Volcano. The main crater is deep and is quite active with frequent small geyser and lava eruptions, however the last major eruptions were during 1952-54. Two more craters make up parts of the park, the extinct Von Frantzuis crater and the Botos crater. Botos is a beautiful cold, green water crater lake with a diameter of . The Botos crater has not erupted for about 7,500 years. Well-marked trails lead to the two inactive craters, conditions permitting. The park has been frequently closed

neg: Battle Ground Lake State Park Battle Ground Lake State Park Battle Ground Lake State Park is a public recreation area located northeast of the city of Battle Ground, Washington. The state park is covered by an evergreen forest centered around a crater lake of volcanic origin. The park is managed by the Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission. The park is the site of a volcano in the Boring Lava Field where a magma-induced steam explosion 105,000 years ago made a large bean-shaped crater, a maar, which later filled with water, forming a crater lake. The lake was the site of a resort dating from

neg: History of Oregon a mile (about 1 km) when much of the volcano fell into the volcano's partially emptied neck and magma chamber. Mazama's collapsed caldera, in today's southern Oregon, contains Crater Lake, and the entire mountain is located in Crater Lake National Park. The Klamath Native Americans of the area thought that the mountain was inhabited by Llao, their god of the underworld. After the mountain destroyed itself the Klamaths recounted the events as a great battle between Llao and his rival Skell, their sky god. The 1700 Cascadia earthquake resulted from a rupture at the Cascadia subduction zone along the coast

neg: Garfield Peak (Oregon) half a mile from the trailhead the track turns northward ascending the northwestern ridge of Garfield Peak. The trail slowly turns fully eastward over the northernmost ridge of Garfield Peak up to the summit. Garfield Peak (Oregon) Garfield Peak is a mountain peak on the south end of Crater Lake in Crater Lake National Park, Oregon. The top of the peak reaches above sea level. The peak has a elevation trail to the summit from the Crater Lake lodge, one of the most popular hiking sites surrounding the lake. The 1.7 mile trail continues East toward Applegate peak ( high).

neg: William Gladstone Steel take people to the lake's surface, and roads around the lake itself and to Wizard Island for cars. After three years, Steel was removed as superintendent of the park. Steel became known as "The Judge", and the "father of Crater Lake", described as a "one-man chamber of commerce". He last visited the park in 1932, and died in Medford in 1934. William Gladstone Steel William Gladstone Steel (September 7, 1854–October 21, 1934) is an American journalist who is known for campaigning for 17 years for the United States Congress to designate Crater Lake as a National Park. Steel is from

neg: Bulusan, Sorsogon covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minutes drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos

neg: Watchman Lookout Station a modest grade. To reach the trailhead from Crater Lake National Park's Rim Village, take Rim Drive north 4 miles to a well marked pull-off parking area. The trail begins about 100 yards south of the parking area. The trail is normally open from mid-July through October. Watchman Lookout Station The Watchman Lookout Station No. 168 is one of two fire lookout towers in Crater Lake National Park in southern Oregon. For many years, National Park Service personnel used the lookout to watch for wildfires during the summer months. It is also a common hiking destination because of its views

neg: Haleakalā National Park legend, the demigod Maui imprisoned the sun here in order to lengthen the day. The Hawaiian National Park Language Correction Act of 2000 was proposed to observe the Hawaiian spelling, but it did not become law. The park features the dormant Haleakalā (East Maui) Volcano, which last erupted sometime between 1480 and 1600 AD. The park is divided into two distinct sections: the summit area and the coastal Kipahulu area. Haleakala National Park superintendents: An extremely winding but well maintained road leads up the mountain. The summit area includes Haleakalā Crater, the summit of the volcano, and the area surrounding

neg: Sinnott Memorial Observation Station floor and the exterior entry patio area. The entire structure was renovated in 2003. Despite the changes required over the years, the National Park Service has been careful to maintain the rustic look of the building. Because of its architectural and historic significance, the Sinnott Memorial Building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. Sinnott Memorial Observation Station The Sinnott Memorial Observation Station is a sheltered viewpoint built into the caldera cliff 900 feet above Crater Lake in southern Oregon, United States. It is located near the Rim Village Visitor Center in Crater Lake National Park.

neg: Crater Lake National Park low elevations in western Oregon, but it is common at higher elevations, especially at Crater Lake. Measurements at park headquarters, above sea level, show that snow falls more often here than at any other long-term weather station in Oregon. Winter, which typically begins at the park in September and runs through June, includes an average of 98 days with measurable snowfall. Up to of snow have fallen on the park in a single day (in 1937, 1951, and 1971), in a month (January 1950), and in a year (1950). Snow typically accumulates in the park to depths of by early

neg: Lemolo Lake Lemolo Lake Lemolo Lake (ləmolo--Chinook Jargon for "wild" or "untamed") is a small lake and reservoir in Douglas County, Oregon in the Umpqua National Forest north of Crater Lake National Park, on the North Umpqua River. It is part of the Diamond Lake Ranger district and is administered by the United States Forest Service. Before the 1880s, the area around Lemolo Lake was used mainly by the Native American groups. It was not until the 1880s that white settlers began to use the area extensively as grazing land for sheep. The first land-use reform came in 1908 when the McGowan,

neg: Crater Lake National Park whether these minor volcanoes and vents were parasitic to Mazama's magma chamber and system or if they were related to background Oregon Cascade volcanism. After a period of dormancy, Mazama became active again. Then, around 5700 BC, Mazama collapsed into itself during a tremendous volcanic eruption, losing in height. The eruption formed a large caldera that, depending on the prevailing climate, was filled in about 740 years, forming a beautiful lake with a deep blue hue, known today as Crater Lake. The eruptive period that decapitated Mazama also laid waste to much of the greater Crater Lake area and deposited

neg: Halemaʻumaʻu Crater Another missionary, Titus Coan, observed and wrote about eruptions in the 19th century. Geologist Thomas Jaggar opened an observatory in 1912, and the area became Hawaii Volcanoes National Park in 1916. The level of the lava lake varied over the decades and at times was only below the crater rim. In 1924, unusual explosive eruptions sent dust high into the atmosphere and doubled the diameter of the crater. Fractures allowed the lava lake to drain to the east until its surface was below the caldera floor. Subsequent eruptions have mostly refilled the crater. Most of the current crater floor was

neg: Lake Barrine, Queensland guest house was used by the 2/1 Australian Army Convalescent Depot. After the war ended, the Curry family resumed their tourist business at the lake. In 1988, UNESCO declared the Wet Tropics of Queensland a World Heritage site with 14 areas protected, one of which was at Lake Barrine. In 1994, the Queensland Government merged the Lake Barrine National Park and the Lake Eacham National Park to form Crater Lakes National Park. There are no schools in Lake Barrine. The nearest public primary school is Yungaburra State School. The nearest public secondary schools are Atherton State High School and Malanda

neg: Munson Valley Historic District is also a historic district (NRHP #97001155). In the Crater Lake area, winter lasts eight months with an average snowfall of per year, and many snow banks remain well into the summer. While most park roads are closed in the winter, the park headquarters, visitor center, and the other Munson Valley facilities are open year-around. However, winter storms make driving in the Crater Lake area unpredictable. During the summer, weather is generally warm, but nights are often quite cool. The National Park Service charges a $10 fee for private passenger vehicles entering the park. Commercial vehicles are charged between $25

neg: Mount Mazama Mount Mazama Mount Mazama ("Giiwas" in the Native American language Klamath) is a complex volcano in the Oregon segment of the Cascade Volcanic Arc and the Cascade Range, in the United States, that was destroyed due to a major eruption that took place 7,700 years ago. Located in Klamath County, the volcano resides to the north of the border between Oregon and California in the southern Cascades. Its collapsed caldera holds Crater Lake, and the entire mountain is located within Crater Lake National Park. Mazama has an elevation of 8,157 feet (2,486 m) and Crater Lake reaches a depth of

neg: Bernardo O'Higgins National Park southwest and the Katalalixar National Reserve to the northwest. The earliest occupants of the area were the Alacaluf people. In 1830, the then-Captain Phillip Parker King on board HMS "Beagle" visited the Eyre Fjord. In June 2007, it was announced that between March and May 2007 all the water within a glacial lake located within the park had disappeared, leaving behind a 100-foot-deep crater. Only some blocks of ice, previously floating on the lake, remained behind on the crater floor. In July 2007, scientists were able to draw the preliminary conclusion that the disappearance occurred as a result of climate

neg: Mount Nyiragongo Mount Nyiragongo Mount Nyiragongo is an active stratovolcano with an elevation of in the Virunga Mountains associated with the Albertine Rift. It is located inside Virunga National Park, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, about north of the town of Goma and Lake Kivu and just west of the border with Rwanda. The main crater is about two kilometres wide and usually contains a lava lake. The crater presently has two distinct cooled lava benches within the crater walls – one at about and a lower one at about . Nyiragongo's lava lake has at times been the most

neg: Nevado de Toluca National Park parts. The crater floor is at 4,558 meters above sea level, formed by rock that seals the opening of this long-extinct volcano. The lakes in the crater are the main attraction. This is the only volcano in Mexico with crater lakes. These lakes are among the highest of their type in the world. The two lakes are called the Laguna del Sol (Lake of the Sun) and the Laguna de la Luna (Lake of the Moon). The Lake of the Sun is larger and deeper. The water extends hundreds of meters deep is clear with green tones. The Lake of

neg: Lake Eyasi is located by the shores of Lake Eyasi. The site has yielded a number of Middle Stone Age and Late Stone Age artifacts. Lake Eyasi Lake Eyasi (formerly , "Njarasa Lake", and "Hohenlohesee", "Hohenlohe Lake") is a seasonal shallow endorheic salt lake on the floor of the Great Rift Valley at the base of the Serengeti Plateau, just south of the Serengeti National Park and immediately southwest of the Ngorongoro Crater in the Crater Highlands of Tanzania. The lake is elongated, orientated southwest to northeast, and lies in the Eyasi-Wembere branch of the Great Rift Valley. The principal inflow is

neg: Arenal Volcano National Park Arenal Volcano National Park Arenal Volcano National Park () is a Costa Rican national park in the central part of the country, forming the Arenal Tilaran Conservation Area. The park encompasses the Arenal Volcano, which "was" the most active in the country, which had previously been believed to be dormant until a major eruption in 1968. It neighbors Lake Arenal, which is the site of the country's largest hydroelectricity project, the Lake Arenal Dam. The park also contains a second volcano, Chato, whose crater contains a lagoon. It is also called Cerro Chato (literally Mount Chato) as it has been

neg: Lake Euramoo Lake Euramoo Lake Euramoo (a.k.a. Ngimun & Nuta) is a shallow dumbbell-shaped volcanic crater lake (a maar) in Danbulla, Tablelands Region, Far North Queensland, Australia. It was formed about 23,000 years ago by two massive explosions from groundwater superheating. The crater lake is known to Yidinji, within their oral history and mythology as "Ngimun", and known to neighbouring Ngdjon-jii as "Nuta"; though formally gazetted by the Queensland Government as 'Lake Euramoo', Euramo being the Dyirbal word for river ("yuramu") The lake ("Ngimun") falls within the current Danbulla National Park and State Forest, on the Tertiary uplifted highlands of the Atherton

neg: Oregon Route 230 Oregon Route 230 Oregon Route 230 is an Oregon state highway which runs along the western edge of Crater Lake National Park, in rural Douglas County, Oregon. It is known as the West Diamond Lake Highway No. 233 (see Oregon highways and routes), and is long. OR 230 begins, at its southern (or "western") terminus, at an intersection with Oregon Route 62 near Union Creek. It heads north, skirting along the western edge of the park. The highway terminates at an intersection with Oregon Route 138 just south of Diamond Lake. The highway does not provide any access to Crater

neg: Lake Eyasi Lake Eyasi Lake Eyasi (formerly , "Njarasa Lake", and "Hohenlohesee", "Hohenlohe Lake") is a seasonal shallow endorheic salt lake on the floor of the Great Rift Valley at the base of the Serengeti Plateau, just south of the Serengeti National Park and immediately southwest of the Ngorongoro Crater in the Crater Highlands of Tanzania. The lake is elongated, orientated southwest to northeast, and lies in the Eyasi-Wembere branch of the Great Rift Valley. The principal inflow is the Sibiti River, which enters the southwestern end. The river may continue to flow somewhat year round, at least in wetter years; the

neg: Mount Eccles National Park a fairly small hill surrounded by lush vegetation with a small hidden deep volcanic crater lake named Lake Surprise. It is famous for an adjacent lava tube and there are numerous lava tubes in the surrounding farm land. The park was added to the Australian National Heritage List in 2004 as part of the Budj Bim National Heritage Landscape - Mount Eccles Lake Condah Area for its importance in Indigenous history and its geology. Mount Eccles National Park is jointly managed by Parks Victoria and the Gunditj Mirring Traditional Owners Aboriginal Corporation via the Budj Bim Council. The Council forms

neg: Pingualuit crater Pingualuit crater The Pingualuit Crater (; from Inuit "pimple"), formerly called the Chubb Crater and later the New Quebec Crater (), is a young impact crater, by geological standards, located on the Ungava Peninsula, in the administrative region of Nord-du-Québec, in Quebec, Canada. It is in diameter, and is estimated to be 1.4 ± 0.1 million years old (Pleistocene). The crater and the surrounding area are now part of Pingualuit National Park. The only species of fish in the crater lake is the arctic char. The crater is exposed to the surface, rising above the surrounding tundra and is deep.

neg: Mount Mazama its geological phenomena and more recently for its potential sources of geothermal energy. Crater Lake and Mazama's remnants sustain diverse ecosystems, which are closely monitored by the National Park Service because of their remoteness and ecological importance. Recreational activities including hiking, biking, snowshoeing, fishing, and cross-country skiing are available, and during the summer, campgrounds and lodges at Crater Lake are open to visitors. Mount Mazama lies in Klamath County, within the U.S. state of Oregon, north of the border between Oregon and California. It lies in the southern portion of the Cascade Range. Crater Lake sits partly inside the volcano's

neg: Sinnott Memorial Observation Station Sinnott Memorial Observation Station The Sinnott Memorial Observation Station is a sheltered viewpoint built into the caldera cliff 900 feet above Crater Lake in southern Oregon, United States. It is located near the Rim Village Visitor Center in Crater Lake National Park. The structure includes a small natural history museum with exhibits that highlight the geologic history of Mount Mazama and the formation of Crater Lake. The building was officially dedicated as the Nicholas J. Sinnott Memorial Observation Station and Museum; however, it is commonly known as the Sinnott Memorial Overlook or Sinnott Viewing Area. It is architecturally significant because

neg: Halemaʻumaʻu Crater lava lake level remained close to the rim, with a further minor overflow event in October 2016 and a significant one in April 2018 that covered a majority of the crater floor in new lava. In early May 2018 the lava level in the Overlook Crater dropped over 700 feet and out of sight, resulting in explosions, earthquakes and large clouds of ash and toxic gas, causing closure of the Kīlauea summit area of the national park from May 10 to September 22. While the park visitor center and headquarters have reopened to the public, the crater is currently in

neg: Geography of Tanzania the Ngorongoro Conservation Area and the Ngorongoro Crater. Just to the south of Lake Natron is Ol Doinyo Lengai (), the world's only active volcano to produce natrocarbonatite lava. To the west of the Crater Highlands lies Serengeti National Park, which is famous for its lions, leopards, elephants, rhinoceroses, and buffalo plus the annual migration of millions of white bearded wildebeest. Just to the southeast of the park is Olduvai Gorge, where many of the oldest hominid fossils and artifacts have been found. Further northwest is Lake Victoria on the Kenya–Uganda–Tanzania border. This is the largest lake in Africa by