query: when was the first message sent over the internet

pos: History of the Internet History of the Internet The history of the Internet begins with the development of electronic computers in the 1950s. Initial concepts of wide area networking originated in several computer science laboratories in the United States, United Kingdom, and France. The U.S. Department of Defense awarded contracts as early as the 1960s, including for the development of the ARPANET project, directed by Robert Taylor and managed by Lawrence Roberts. The first message was sent over the ARPANET in 1969 from computer science Professor Leonard Kleinrock's laboratory at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) to the second network node at Stanford Research

pos: Leonard Kleinrock the late 1970s with student Farouk Kamoun remains critical to the operation of the Internet today. The first message on the ARPANET was sent by UCLA student programmer Charley Kline, at 10:30 p.m, on October 29, 1969 from Boelter Hall 3420, the school's main engineering building. Supervised by Kleinrock, Kline transmitted from the university's SDS Sigma 7 host computer to the Stanford Research Institute's SDS 940 host computer. The message text was the word "login"; the "l" and the "o" letters were transmitted, but the system then crashed. Hence, the literal first message over the ARPANET was "lo". About an

pos: Mediated communication computer was on October 29, 1969. Raymond Tomlinson is known as the father of email, he was the first person who sent a message electronically. Email messages consist of three different components: message envelope, message header, and message body. There are also multiple benefits to using email. It is easy to use, free of charge, fast, and delivers information in a digital format. Email is one of the earliest and most basic resources on the internet and those many computers may not be able to access other internet services they are still usually able to exchange emails with machines on

pos: Digital Revolution the advent of the planar process in 1959 by Jean Hoerni, an employee of Fairchild Semiconductor. This enabled integrated circuits to be mass produced using the techniques of photolithography. From 1969 to 1971, Intel developed the Intel 4004, an early microprocessor that laid the foundations for the microcomputer revolution that began in the 1970s. The public was first introduced to the concepts that would lead to the Internet when a message was sent over the ARPANET in 1969. Packet switched networks such as ARPANET, Mark I, CYCLADES, Merit Network, Tymnet, and Telenet, were developed in the late 1960s and early

pos: History of the Internet can be gathered from the quote: History of the Internet The history of the Internet begins with the development of electronic computers in the 1950s. Initial concepts of wide area networking originated in several computer science laboratories in the United States, United Kingdom, and France. The U.S. Department of Defense awarded contracts as early as the 1960s, including for the development of the ARPANET project, directed by Robert Taylor and managed by Lawrence Roberts. The first message was sent over the ARPANET in 1969 from computer science Professor Leonard Kleinrock's laboratory at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) to the

neg: Internet Control Message Protocol for IPv6 destination to avoid network overloading. For example, if a node continues to forward erroneous packets, ICMP will signal the error to the first packet and then do so periodically, with a fixed minimum period or with a fixed network maximum load. An ICMP error message must never be sent in response to another ICMP error message. Internet Control Message Protocol for IPv6 Internet Control Message Protocol version 6 (ICMPv6) is the implementation of the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) for Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6). ICMPv6 is defined in RFC 4443. ICMPv6 is an integral part of IPv6 and performs

neg: Internet Control Message Protocol message. It consists of the originating timestamp sent by the sender of the "Timestamp" as well as a receive timestamp indicating when the "Timestamp" was received and a transmit timestamp indicating when the "Timestamp reply" was sent. Where: "Address mask request" is normally sent by a host to a router in order to obtain an appropriate subnet mask. Recipients should reply to this message with an "Address mask reply" message. Where: ICMP Address Mask Request may be used as a part of reconnaissance attack to gather information on the target network, therefore ICMP Address Mask Reply is disabled by default

neg: Internet forum from a member to one or more other members. The ability to send so-called blind carbon copies is sometimes available. When sending a "blind carbon copy" (bcc), the users to whom the message is sent directly will not be aware of the recipients of the blind carbon copy or even if one was sent in the first place. Private messages are generally used for personal conversations. They can also be used with tripcodes—a message is addressed to a public trip and can be picked up by typing in the tripcode. An attachment can be almost any file. When someone attaches

neg: Godfrey v Demon Internet Service Godfrey v Demon Internet Service Godfrey v Demon Internet Service [2001] QB 201 was a landmark court case in the United Kingdom concerning online defamation and the liability of Internet service providers. Laurence Godfrey -- a physics lecturer -- learned that someone had posted a message to the Usenet discussion group "soc.culture.thai". That message -- sent by an unknown source -- had been forged to appear to have been sent by Dr. Godfrey. On January 17, 1997, Godfrey contacted Demon Internet, to inform them of the forged message and ask that it be deleted from Demon Internet's Usenet news server.

neg: Direct Internet Message Encapsulation the expense of sending the data twice, which if it were huge rather defeats its point. (It is fair to say any other method of sending data over HTTP suffers the same problem.) In the alternate, and probably better solution, the criteria for a successful challenge (e.g. a username and password) is established out-of-band, so it can be sent with the message the first time and not receive a challenge (the by-product of the connectionless HTTP protocol being that since each message is treated individual, "any" message must be able successfully to include its challenge response). DIME was extremely fast

neg: TatNet TatNet TatNet (short for "Tatar Internet") is the name Tatar-speaking Internet users commonly use for the segment of the Web about the Tatar people or Tatarstan. It includes webpages and websites in many languages. The first e-mail message in Tatar was probably sent and received in 1991 when employees of the Tatar-Bashkir Service of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty started using the Internet and electronic communication on a regular basis. In 1994, a Tatar-language mailing list (TMG, standing for Tatar Mailing Group) was established and this year is commonly regarded as the birthyear of the Tatar Internet. Since approximately 2000, Tatnet

neg: Internet Hall of Fame inducted 24 people. They were announced at an event in Hong Kong. The award took a break in 2015 and 2016, "we wanted to take some time to get the inductees more involved in the program". On September 18, 2017, the Internet Society gathered to honor the fourth class of Internet Hall of Fame Inductees at UCLA, where nearly 50 years ago the first electronic message was sent over the Internet’s predecessor, the ARPANET. Inductees are considered in three categories: An asterisk (*) indicates a posthumous recipient. 2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 2014 2017 2012 2013 2014 2017 2012 2013

neg: ARPANET host, the transmitting host formatted a data message containing the destination host's address and the data message being sent, and then transmitted the message through the 1822 hardware interface. The IMP then delivered the message to its destination address, either by delivering it to a locally connected host, or by delivering it to another IMP. When the message was ultimately delivered to the destination host, the receiving IMP would transmit a "Ready for Next Message" (RFNM) acknowledgement to the sending, host IMP. Unlike modern Internet datagrams, the ARPANET was designed to reliably transmit 1822 messages, and to inform the host

neg: TatNet the Republic's Agency on mass communication (Tatmedia) helps with organizing of the annual website building contest "Stars of TatNet" ("Татнет йолдызлары"). TatNet TatNet (short for "Tatar Internet") is the name Tatar-speaking Internet users commonly use for the segment of the Web about the Tatar people or Tatarstan. It includes webpages and websites in many languages. The first e-mail message in Tatar was probably sent and received in 1991 when employees of the Tatar-Bashkir Service of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty started using the Internet and electronic communication on a regular basis. In 1994, a Tatar-language mailing list (TMG, standing for Tatar

neg: Internet Message Access Protocol along with the earlier POP3 (Post Office Protocol) are the two most prevalent standard protocols for email retrieval. Many webmail service providers such as Gmail, Outlook.com and Yahoo! Mail also provide support for either IMAP or POP3. The Internet Message Access Protocol is an Application Layer Internet protocol that allows an e-mail client to access e-mail on a remote mail server. The current version is defined by RFC 3501. An IMAP server typically listens on well-known port 143, while IMAP over SSL (IMAPS) uses 993. Incoming e-mail messages are sent to an e-mail server that stores messages in the recipient's

neg: Internet security the originating client, delivering the message to the recipient(s). Pretty Good Privacy provides confidentiality by encrypting messages to be transmitted or data files to be stored using an encryption algorithm such as Triple DES or CAST-128. Email messages can be protected by using cryptography in various ways, such as the following: The first two methods, message signing and message body encryption, are often used together; however, encrypting the transmissions between mail servers is typically used only when two organizations want to protect emails regularly sent between each other. For example, the organizations could establish a virtual private network (VPN) to

neg: Internet Control Message Protocol for IPv6 58. Following this pseudo header, the checksum is continued with the ICMPv6 message. The checksum computation is performed according to Internet protocol standards using 16-bit ones' complement summation, followed by a final ones' complement of the checksum itself and inserting it into the checksum field. Note that this differs from the way it is calculated for IPv4 in ICMP, but is similar to the calculation done in TCP. When an ICMPv6 node receives a packet, it must undertake actions that depend on the type of message. The ICMPv6 protocol must limit the number of error messages sent to the same

neg: Direct Internet Message Encapsulation Direct Internet Message Encapsulation Direct Internet Message Encapsulation (DIME) was a Microsoft-proposed internet standard in the early 2000s for the streaming of binary and other encapsulated data over the Internet. According to the IETF web site, the standard has been withdrawn and never made RFC status. However, Microsoft did at one time recommend DIME for transmitting files via Web services. It was also used in Java EE, but differences in the implementation of the protocol made it difficult. The first version was submitted to the IETF in November 2001; the last update was submitted in June 2002. By December 2003,

neg: Lanka Education and Research Network Lanka Education and Research Network The Lanka Education and Research Network (LEARN), formerly the Lanka Experimental Academic and Research Network, is a specialized internet service provider dedicated to supporting the needs of the research and education communities within Sri Lanka. The history of the internet in Sri Lanka began with the initial proposal of the 'Lankan Experimental Academic and Research Network' (LEARN) to Sri Lankan government in 1989 by Prof. Abhaya Induruwa. In 1990 the LEARNmail was initiated and the first message was sent over LEARN was from the University of Moratuwa to the University of Colombo. In 1994, wireless

neg: Dying gasp Dying gasp A dying gasp is a message (or signal) sent by the customer premises equipment (CPE) to equipment managed by an internet service provider to indicate that the CPE has lost power. Also known as last gasp. DSL device to the digital subscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM) when a power outage occurs. A DSL interface with dying gasp must derive power for a brief period from another source so that the message can be sent without external power. The dying gasp message will end the session and a new session will be able to be made as soon as

neg: M3Radio small Internet radio stations. Such obligations require small Internet radio stations to pay royalties that are far higher than that of terrestrial broadcasters. Due to the lack of equality in these obligations, many stations and their listeners campaigned and petitioned against the new royalty rules. M3Radio played a major role in the mission to save Internet Radio in 2007. With the help of hotindiemedia.com, M3Radio created banners which could be found all over the Internet. The banner’s message read, “Help save Internet radio. CLICK HERE” Once clicked, one would be instantly directed to an online petition that was later sent

neg: Internet Control Message Protocol the host and R2 are on the same Ethernet segment), then R1 will send a redirect message to inform the host that the best route for the destination is via R2. The host should then send packets for the destination directly to R2. The router will still send the original datagram to the intended destination. However, if the datagram contains routing information, this message will not be sent even if a better route is available. RFC 1122 states that redirects should only be sent by gateways and should not be sent by Internet hosts. Where: "Time Exceeded" is generated by

neg: Internet security encrypt the communications between their mail servers over the Internet. Unlike methods that can only encrypt a message body, a VPN can encrypt entire messages, including email header information such as senders, recipients, and subjects. In some cases, organizations may need to protect header information. However, a VPN solution alone cannot provide a message signing mechanism, nor can it provide protection for email messages along the entire route from sender to recipient. MIME transforms non-ASCII data at the sender's site to Network Virtual Terminal (NVT) ASCII data and delivers it to client's Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) to be sent

neg: Internet Group Management Protocol to the group's multicast address. A means for routers to select an IGMP querier for the network is introduced. IGMPv3 introduces source-specific multicast capability. Membership reports are sent to 224.0.0.22. There are several types of IGMP messages: IGMP messages are carried in bare IP packets with IP protocol number 2. Similar to the Internet Control Message Protocol, there is no transport layer used with IGMP messaging. Where: The message is sent to following IP addresses: Where: The FreeBSD, Linux and Windows operating systems support IGMP at the host side. Internet Group Management Protocol The Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is

neg: The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog letters of the alphabet". Robert Baden-Powell's book "Scouting for Boys" (1908) uses the phrase as a practice sentence for signaling. The first message sent on the Moscow–Washington hotline on August 30, 1963, was the test phrase "THE QUICK BROWN FOX JUMPED OVER THE LAZY DOG'S BACK 1234567890". Later, during testing, the Russian translators sent a message asking their American counterparts, "What does it mean when your people say 'The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog?'" During the 20th century, technicians tested typewriters and teleprinters by typing the sentence. In the age of computers, this pangram is commonly used

neg: Laurence Canter and Martha Siegel country. The two lawyers offered to do the necessary paperwork for a fee. Canter and Siegel sent their advertisement, with the subject "Green Card Lottery - Final One?", to at least 5,500 Usenet discussion groups, an enormous number at the time. Rather than cross-posting a single copy of the message to multiple groups, so a reader would only see it once (considered a common courtesy when posting the same message to more than one group), they posted it as separate postings in each newsgroup, so a reader would see it in each group they read. Their internet service provider, Internet

neg: Latin square respectively, the multiplication tables of the following groups: For small squares it is possible to generate permutations and test whether the Latin square property is met. For larger squares, Jacobson and Matthews' algorithm allows sampling from a uniform distribution over the space of "n" × "n" Latin squares. Sets of Latin squares that are orthogonal to each other have found an application as error correcting codes in situations where communication is disturbed by more types of noise than simple white noise, such as when attempting to transmit broadband Internet over powerlines. Firstly, the message is sent by using several frequencies,

neg: Wii system software Nintendo: Other gaming platforms from the next generation: Other gaming platforms from this generation: Wii system software The Wii system software is a set of updatable firmware versions and a software frontend on the Wii video game console. Updates, which were downloaded via the system's Internet connection (WiiConnect24, discontinued), allowed Nintendo to add additional features and software. When a new update became available Nintendo sent a message to connected systems notifying them of the available update. Several game discs, both first-party and third-party games, have included system software updates so that players who are not connected to the Internet can

neg: Wii system software Wii system software The Wii system software is a set of updatable firmware versions and a software frontend on the Wii video game console. Updates, which were downloaded via the system's Internet connection (WiiConnect24, discontinued), allowed Nintendo to add additional features and software. When a new update became available Nintendo sent a message to connected systems notifying them of the available update. Several game discs, both first-party and third-party games, have included system software updates so that players who are not connected to the Internet can still update their system. Additionally this can force an upgrade by requiring the player

neg: Automatic Packet Reporting System all packets to all other IGates in the world and those that are messages will actually go back to RF via any IGate that is near the intended recipient. A special case message can be sent to EMAIL and these messages are pulled off the real-time APRS-IS by the WU2Z Email engine and wrapped into a standard Internet Email protocol and forwarded into regular Internet email. In its simplest implementation, APRS is used to transmit real-time data, information and reports of the exact location of a person or object via a data signal sent over amateur radio frequencies. In addition

neg: Email (RFC 561). An email message sent in the early 1970s looks very similar to a basic email sent today. Email had an important role in creating the Internet, and the conversion from ARPANET to the Internet in the early 1980s produced the core of the current services. Historically, the term "electronic mail" was used generically for any electronic document transmission. For example, several writers in the early 1970s used the term to describe fax document transmission. As a result, it is difficult to find the first citation for the use of the term with the more specific meaning it has

neg: Internet Control Message Protocol protocol was first introduced. "Source Quench" requests that the sender decrease the rate of messages sent to a router or host. This message may be generated if a router or host does not have sufficient buffer space to process the request, or may occur if the router or host buffer is approaching its limit. Data is sent at a very high speed from a host or from several hosts at the same time to a particular router on a network. Although a router has buffering capabilities, the buffering is limited to within a specified range. The router cannot queue any

neg: UCLA Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science President George W. Bush presented the 2007 National Medal of Science to Kleinrock for "his fundamental contributions to the mathematical theory of modern data networks, and for the functional specification of packet switching, which is the foundation of Internet technology. His mentoring of generations of students has led to the commercialization of technologies that have transformed the world." Room 3420 at Boelter Hall, where the first message was sent, has been converted into The Kleinrock Internet Heritage Site and Archive (renamed KIHC – The Kleinrock Internet History Center at UCLA). UCLA conferred its first Bachelor of Science degree in Engineering

neg: Augmentation Research Center Rulifson and other ARC staffers presented their work in a live demonstration, including real-time video conferencing and interactive editing in an era when batch processing was still the paradigm for using computers. This was later called "the Mother of All Demos". Engelbart had volunteered ARC to provide the first reference library service on the ARPANET while it was being designed. The first message sent on ARPANET was between the ARC computer and UCLA. Larry Roberts continued to fund the ARC through DARPA IPTO until he left in 1974. The library service evolved into the Internet Network Information Center managed by

neg: Teen Age Message Teen Age Message The Teen Age Message (TAM) was a series of interstellar radio transmissions sent from the Yevpatoria Planetary Radar to six solar-type stars during August–September 2001. The structure of the TAM was suggested by Alexander Zaitsev, Chief Scientist at Russia's Institute of Radio-engineering and Electronics. The message's content and target stars were selected by a group of teens from four Russian cities, who collaborated in person and via the Internet. Each transmission comprised three sections: a sounding, a live theremin concert, and digital data including images and text. TAM was humanity's fourth Active SETI broadcast and the first

neg: Superorganism (band) found The Eversons to be performing a gig nearby and attended. It was there and then that the group became friends, bonding over their shared interest of internet memes. After discovering Noguchi could sing (she had been regularly posting covers on SoundCloud), the group then sent a message to Noguchi, asking if she wanted to add lyrics and vocals to a demo they had been working on at the beginning of 2017. The demo came to be Superorganism's first single "Something For Your M.I.N.D.", which was later featured on the soundtrack of "FIFA 18". Having graduated from John Bapst Memorial

neg: Internet Message Access Protocol Internet Message Access Protocol In computing, the Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) is an Internet standard protocol used by email clients to retrieve email messages from a mail server over a TCP/IP connection. IMAP is defined by RFC 3501. IMAP was designed with the goal of permitting complete management of an email box by multiple email clients, therefore clients generally leave messages on the server until the user explicitly deletes them. An IMAP server typically listens on port number 143. IMAP over SSL (IMAPS) is assigned the port number 993. Virtually all modern e-mail clients and servers support IMAP, which

neg: First Baptist Church of Manila a silent agent of peace between the two groups. When the news of the[reconciliation in Bukidnon was known to him, he sent a fax message which arrived an hour before the historic move to restore fellowship. It was read as part of the message of Pastor Ebenezer Nacita to the more than 5000 messengers from all over the country. Having been known all over the country as an educator and preacher, Dr. Gordon Wray's short and timely message impacted the whole proceedings so deeply that Dr. Antolin Zamar suggested that the resolution to restore fellowship be done just as Pastor

neg: Direct Internet Message Encapsulation This is not useful if the entire stream is not available when the communication is initiated, or when searching it is expensive. DIME is more oriented to streaming, allowing, for example, a receiver to process chunks of the message as they arrive without having to wait for the entire message. DIME was defined the transmission format at the data link layer in the OSI model although it was typically transmitted over HTTP. One difficulty here was that it could form an HTTP message of, essentially, any size (the limit being the size information for each chunk, which was 32 bits

neg: Multimedia Messaging Service Message Encapsulation specification). The message is then forwarded to the carrier's MMS store and forward server, known as the MMSC (Multimedia Messaging Service Centre). If the receiver is on a carrier different from the sender, then the MMSC acts as a relay, and forwards the message to the MMSC of the recipient's carrier using the internet. Once the recipient's MMSC has received a message, it first determines whether the receiver's handset is "MMS capable", that it supports the standards for receiving MMS. If so, the content is extracted and sent to a temporary storage server with an HTTP front-end. An

neg: Email injection Email injection Email injection is a security vulnerability that can occur in Internet applications that are used to send email messages. It is the email equivalent of HTTP Header Injection. Like SQL injection attacks, this vulnerability is one of a general class of vulnerabilities that occur when one programming language is embedded within another. When a form is added to a Web page that submits data to a Web application, a malicious user may exploit the MIME format to append additional information to the message being sent, such as a new list of recipients or a completely different message body.

neg: Mediated communication the hardware and software together it is basically free from there on.email messaging also helps when having to send the same message to multiple people because of the fact that it allows you to send the same information simultaneously. Text message- a text message is defined as a short message sent electronically usually from One cellphone to another. The first text message was sent in December 3, 1992.The engineer that discovered text messaging was named Matti Makkonen. Along with the development of text messaging came a new development of dialogue when texting. Along with the development of text messaging came

neg: Serdar Argic certain newsgroups and replied with saved pages of political text. The bot would automatically post a reply even if the original message had simply mentioned a Thanksgiving turkey but was cross-posted to a soc.* group. The posts sometimes contained direct responses to specific statements, indicating some human intervention. Internet users sent complaints to UUNET, the Internet service provider hosting the account of Serdar Argic. UUNET never took any action based on the complaints, since Serdar Argic was posting from a host downstream from the host they fed (anatolia!zuma) over which they had no control. Serdar Argic became known as the

neg: Tony Palmer (bishop) internet-based, Inter-denominational Christian Convergent Community, drawing our spirituality from the “Early Church” (33-600AD), in particular, Celtic Christian spirituality." On the Ark Community website he was known as "Father Tony Palmer" instead of using the style "The Right Reverend" or the title "Bishop". In January 2014, Palmer was sent by Pope Francis as a special envoy to a Charismatic Evangelical Leadership Conference hosted by Kenneth Copeland. During the conference, Palmer presented a short video message from the Pope. Palmer and Pope Francis were personal friends. The message was recorded when the two met a week prior to the Kenneth Copeland Ministries

neg: Text messaging Text messaging Text messaging, or texting, is the act of composing and sending electronic messages, typically consisting of alphabetic and numeric characters, between two or more users of mobile devices, desktops/laptops, or other type of compatible computer. Text messages may be sent over a cellular network, or may also be sent via an Internet connection. The term originally referred to messages sent using the Short Message Service (SMS). It has grown beyond alphanumeric text to include multimedia messages (known as MMS) containing digital images, videos, and sound content, as well as ideograms known as emoji (happy faces, sad faces, and

neg: Tiziana Cantone Tiziana Cantone Tiziana Annunziata Cantone, name subsequently legally changed to "Tiziana Giglio" (July 15, 1983, Naples, Italy – September 13, 2016) was an Italian woman who committed suicide after private videos of her having sex were publicly disseminated on the internet. She had knowingly taken the videos of her engaging in consensual sex acts and then sent the videos to several people, including her ex-boyfriend, via the WhatsApp message service. Her ex-boyfriend subsequently uploaded the video to public internet sites in early 2015. One such video went viral due to her reacting when filmed performing fellatio in front of a

neg: Norton Family Search may bypass it. The service can block the transmission of personal information. Parents first complete a blacklist of information which should not be communicated via IM or a social-networking site. Children will be presented with a warning message when attempting to share information via IM or a social-networking site, and the information will not be sent. Norton Family can also notify parents when children access social-networking sites, create an account, or misrepresent their age. This feature is browser-dependent; Internet Explorer or Firefox is required in Windows, and Safari or Firefox is required in Mac. Without a compatible browser, Norton

neg: FriendCaller can be used as a second line to receive and dial International Calls worldwide. The clients can send SMS / text message to any mobile number across the world. Costs per text is as low as 5 US dollar cents. Messages sent to phone numbers can be set to appear as coming from the sender's mobile number. FriendCaller supports Instant Messaging, where clients can communicate with one another in Real-time over the Internet without any charge. The users can set their Caller ID, set-up verification involves sending a text message / SMS to a selected mobile phone number, or the

neg: MX record the third is the "record Class" (in this case IN for Internet) - then MX to identify the type of record. The TTL (time-to-live) is a validity period, indicating when the information must be refreshed from an authoritative name server. When an e-mail message is sent through the Internet, the sending mail transfer agent (MTA) queries the Domain Name System for the MX records of each recipient's domain name. This query returns a list of host names of mail exchange servers accepting incoming mail for that domain and their preferences. The sending agent then attempts to establish an SMTP connection,

neg: Sintaluta mayors such as Bill Troughton, Ken Krausharr, David Damm and current mayor, Keith Rathgeber. Another first for the town was when in 1945, Bell Telephone celebrated its 70th anniversary. There was a resident in town, whose name was John Miller. He was 91 years old at the time. He received a call from Paris, Ontario, that was sent by the mayor of the city. It was congratulating him on being the oldest person from Western Canada who heard the first message sent over the Bell Telephone when he was 21 years old. Sintaluta once was home to seven elevator companies,

neg: Intelligent dance music Willmott replaced "techno" with "dance music", writing "...current 'intelligent' dance music owes much more to Eastern mantra-like repetition and neo-ambient instrumentation than the disco era which preceded the advent of acid and techno." Wider public use of such terms on the Internet came in August 1993, when Alan Parry announced the existence of a new electronic mailing list for discussion of "intelligent" dance music: the "Intelligent Dance Music list", or "IDM List" for short. The first message, sent on 1 August 1993, was entitled "Can Dumb People Enjoy IDM, Too?". A reply from the list server's system administrator, Brian Behlendorf,

neg: Flat Holm 11 May and 12 failed. On 13 May, the mast at Lavernock was raised to and the signals were received clearly. The message sent by Morse Code was "Are you ready"; the original paper Morse slip, signed by both Marconi and Kemp, is now in the National Museum of Wales. The island made communication history again on 8 October 2002, by becoming one of the first areas of South Wales to link to the Internet through a wireless connection deployed by Cardiff Council as part of the Flat Holm Project. The connection is used for Internet, access to Cardiff Council's

neg: Text messaging Increasing cases of Internet addiction are now also being linked to text messaging, as mobile phones are now more likely to have e-mail and Web capabilities to complement the ability to text. Texting etiquette refers to what is considered appropriate texting behavior. These expectations may concern different areas, such as the context in which a text was sent and received/read, who each participant was with when the participant sent or received/read a text message or what constitutes impolite text messages. At the website of The Emily Post Institute, the topic of "texting" has spurred several articles with the "do's and

neg: The Lillywhite Sessions the message boards at Dave Matthews Band fan site "DMBML." Knapp received an apparently faked e-mail response from Lillywhite, giving Knapp approval to release the tracks via the Internet. Since Knapp only had a 56k dial-up modem, he decided to transfer the songs to someone with a lot of bandwidth who could host them. Using Napster, Knapp then sent the tracks to a fellow member of DMBML, Drew Wiley, who released over the Internet the 96 kbit/s MP3s. Within days, the tracks were also released as 128 kbit/s MP3s, and later as lossless SHN files. The tracks made their way

neg: Personal message published an article centering on the theme that the computer is to the Information Revolution, as the railroad was to the Industrial Revolution. The railroad unified the United States from the east to the west coast, but the computer unified the entire globe (from a communication standpoint). In unifying many nations across the globe, the computer revolutionized many different forms of communication, in particular the personal message. The advent of the Internet paved the road for communication platforms like ARPANET, or the more-commonly known Yahoo! and AOL. ARPANET sent the first-ever email back in 1971, and thus a new form

neg: 2010 cyberattacks on Myanmar cyberattacks on Estonia were at most 90 Mbit/s, lasting between a minute to over 10 hours. This cyber attack notably followed a similar one on 1 February 2010, when the internet link service of Myanmar's Yatanarpon Teleport Company was struck, and also followed the incident of a total loss of connection to the internet the previous spring when a submarine communications cable was severed accidentally. Despite the heavy hand that the regime wields over cyberspace, information communication technologies (ICTs) have provided Burmese opposition groups the means to challenge the government by broadcasting their message to the world. There has been

neg: Umbrella (song) early February 2007, the demo was sent to Reid's right-hand woman, A&R executive Karen Kwak, who passed it along to Reid with a message confirming that they had found a song suited for Rihanna, who was working on her third studio album, "Good Girl Gone Bad", at the time. Reid immediately sent the demo to Rihanna, who was also positive of it: "When the demo first started playing, I was like, This is interesting, this is weird. ... But the song kept getting better. I listened to it over and over. I said, 'I need this record. I want to

neg: Radiotelephony procedure incorrect. COPY is used when a message has been intercepted by another station, i.e. a third station would respond: Nonesuch: Bronwyn, this is Nonesuch. Copied your previous, will also see you there, OUT. One should always use one's own callsign when transmitting. Station C21A (charlie-two-one Alpha) talking to C33B (charlie-three-three Bravo): C21A: C33B, this is C21A, message, OVER. C33B: C33B, send, OVER. C21A: Have you got C1ØD Sunray at your location?, OVER. C33B: Negative, I think he is with C3ØC, OVER. C21A: Roger, OUT. The advantage of this sequence is that the recipient always knows who sent the message. The

neg: Email spam the cost of spam through lawsuits against spammers, although they have been mostly unsuccessful in collecting damages despite winning in court. Spammers collect email addresses from chat rooms, websites, customer lists, newsgroups, and viruses that harvest users' address books. These collected email addresses are sometimes also sold to other spammers. The proportion of spam email was around 90% of email messages sent, in the end of 2014. From the beginning of the Internet (the ARPANET), sending of commercial email has been prohibited. Gary Thuerk sent the first email spam message in 1978 to 600 people. He was reprimanded and told

neg: Direct Internet Message Encapsulation so 1 gigabit). Many HTTP receivers were unused to messages as large as this, and if they buffered messages would simply fail, expecting a short message and receiving a huge one. Moreover, if the HTTP receiver was secured, it would, on receiving the message, send back a challenge message (400 code) to the sender. Because HTTP is connectionless, it would then entirely lose the possibly huge amount of data that had been sent to it, just to accept or deny the challenge. There was no entirely satisfactory solution to this. The response to the challenge could of course succeed, at

neg: Keepalive Keepalive A keepalive (KA) is a message sent by one device to another to check that the link between the two is operating, or to prevent the link from being broken. A keepalive signal is often sent at predefined intervals, and plays an important role on the Internet. After a signal is sent, if no reply is received the link is assumed to be down and future data will be routed via another path until the link is up again. A keepalive signal can also be used to indicate to Internet infrastructure that the connection should be preserved. Without a

neg: HyperTalk in a form like "line 10 of card field 4". This code first selects all of the text on the clicked line, then extracts the line number into a local variable, then uses codice_10 to run the text as a HyperCard script. The codice_45 message was sent to a button when the user clicked it, and codice_36 was sent when the user released the mouse inside it to trigger its action. Similarly, HyperCard sent periodic codice_47 message, codice_48, codice_49, ... and various other messages related to navigation between different cards in a HyperCard stack, as well as user input (codice_50,

neg: Amazon Simple Queue Service queues and message traffic. SQS does not automatically delete messages once they are sent. When a message is delivered, a receipt handle is generated for that delivery and sent to the recipient. These receipts are not sent with the message but in addition to it. SQS requires the recipient to provide the receipt in order to delete a message. This feature is new as of 2008 where only the message ID was required for message deletion. Because the system is distributed, a message may be sent more than once. In this case, the most recent receipt handle is needed to

neg: Push Access Protocol below) tells the Push Initiator that the message was sent (transmitted, as in arrow 3), delivered (confirmation received from wireless device, as in arrow 4), it expired, was cancelled, or there was an error. If there was a processing error, the notification SHOULD be sent immediately upon detection of the error to the Push Initiator and the message should not be sent to the client. Otherwise, the notification MUST be sent after the message delivery process has been completed. The delivery process is considered completed when the message is no longer a candidate for delivery, e.g. the message has expired.

neg: BITNET Relay the early 1990s when Smart Relay improved handling of message delivery. Though Jeff Kell himself had made observations about the possible demise of BITNET Relay, only TCP/IP and the Internet brought about the end of BITNET and Relay. Jarkko Oikarinen, the creator of Internet Relay Chat, says that he was inspired by BITNET Relay The following is an example of a session: BITNET Relay BITNET Relay, also known as the Inter Chat Relay Network, was a chat network setup over BITNET nodes. It predated Internet Relay Chat and other online chat systems. The program that made the network possible was

neg: Broadcast address also allows broadcast. When the node ID is specified as 255, a packet is sent to all networks available. Broadcast address A broadcast address is a network address at which all devices connected to a multiple-access communications network are enabled to receive datagrams. A message sent to a broadcast address may be received by all network-attached hosts. In contrast, a multicast address is used to address a specific group of devices and a unicast address is used to address a single device. In Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) networks, broadcast addresses are special values in the host-identification part of an

neg: Sircam Sircam Sircam is a computer worm that first propagated in 2001 by e-mail in Microsoft Windows systems. It began with one of the following lines of text and had an attachment consisting of the worm's executable with some file from the infected computer appended: Due to a bug in the worm, the message was rarely sent in any form other than "I send you this file in order to have your advice." This subsequently became an in-joke among those who were using the Internet at the time, and were spammed with e-mails containing this string sent by the worm. It

neg: Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution the 1940 Democratic National Convention refusing to state whether he would seek a third term. His Vice President, John Nance Garner, along with Postmaster General James Farley, announced their candidacies for the Democratic nomination. When the convention came, Roosevelt sent a message to the convention, saying he would run only if drafted, saying delegates were free to vote for whomever they pleased. This message was interpreted to mean he was willing to be drafted, and he subsequently was renominated on the convention's first ballot. Later, during the 1940 presidential election, Roosevelt won a decisive victory over Republican Wendell Willkie, becoming

neg: Lars Ohly sent him a joyous message from Prague in 1989 when the city was being liberated. He initially claimed to have received an SMS message from his friend, which was impossible, since the world's first text message was sent in 1992. He later claimed that he actually spoke to his friend by phone. Lars Ohly currently lives with his wife Åsa Hagelstedt in a condominium just south of Stockholm City Centre. He has two children from a previous marriage. Lars Ohly Lars-Magnus Harald Christoffer Ohly (; born 13 January 1957) is a Swedish politician, and the former party chairman of the

neg: Posting style include a full or partial copy of the original message that is being replied to. As opposed to in-person conversations and Internet chats, email responses may be received long after the original message was sent, so the original sender may have forgotten, misplaced or deleted the original. Many email reading programs (mail user agents) encourage this behaviour by automatically including a copy of the original message in the reply editing window. Quoted text from previous messages is usually distinguished in some way from the new (reply) text. At a minimum, the two parts are given different indentation. In the example

neg: Control message expressed with a newgroup. Control: rmgroup comp.object.moderated In 1995 the Church of Scientology attempted to silence criticism by sending mass "rmgroup" messages to Usenet servers targeting alt.religion.scientology, an example of the church's continuing efforts to suppress material critical of Scientology on the Internet. Most servers discarded the message, and those that did not were quickly sent "newgroup" messages reestablishing the newsgroup. A checkgroups message lists all groups of a hierarchy. Control: checkgroups Control: checkgroups de !de.alt #2009021301 The ihave/sendme protocol was obsoleted by NNTP. Answering control messages with large emails can be exploited for a Denial of service attack. Thus

neg: Radiogram (message) United States into World War II. The standard military radiogram format (in NATO allied nations) is known as the 16-line message format, for the manner in which a paper message form is transcribed through voice, Morse code, or TTY transmission formats. Each format line contains pre-defined content. When sent as an ACP-126 message over teletype, a 16-line format radiogram would appear similar to this: Some of the format lines in the above example have been omitted for efficiency. The translation of this abbreviate format follows: This radiotelegraph message format (also "radio teletype message format", "teletypewriter message format", and "radiotelephone message

neg: Email attachment Email attachment An email attachment is a computer file sent along with an email message. One or more files can be attached to any email message, and be sent along with it to the recipient. This is typically used as a simple method to share documents and images. A paper clip icon is the standard indicator for an attachment in an email client. Email standards such as MIME don't specify any file size limits, but in practice email users will find that they can't successfully send very large files across the Internet. This is because of a number of potential

neg: Onion routing node cannot determine whether the first node is the originator or just another node in the circuit. The originator can then send a message through the first and second nodes to a third node, encrypted such that only the third node is able to decrypt it. The third, as with the second, becomes linked to the originator but connects only with the second. This process can be repeated to build larger and larger chains, but is typically limited to preserve performance. When the chain is complete, the originator can send data over the Internet anonymously. When the final recipient of

neg: Check Mii Out Channel was also given a ratings rank of anywhere from one to five stars. Every month, the Posting Plaza had a "Mii Artisan" ranking section that lasted for the entire month. The first ranking Mii Artisan by the end of the month was declared a "Master Mii Artisan". Check Mii Out was the first Wii channel that used the Wii message board. When WiiConnect24 was turned on, Nintendo would send a message as soon as new contests began or when a contest update was available, if the user had set up an Internet connection. If a user didn’t want to receive

neg: Interface Message Processor to be transmitted reliably to the addressed destination. If the message could not be delivered, the IMP sent to the originating host a message indicating that the delivery failed. In practice, however, there were (rare) conditions under which the host could miss a report of a message being lost, or under which the IMP could report a message as lost when it had in fact been received. Interface Message Processor The Interface Message Processor (IMP) was the packet switching node used to interconnect participant networks to the ARPANET from the late 1960s to 1989. It was the first generation of

neg: Juan Pujol García German operators until 8 AM. Turning this piece of bad luck on its head, Garbo was able to add more operational details to the message when finally sent and thus increase his standing with the Germans. Garbo told his German contacts that he was disgusted that his first message was missed, saying "I cannot accept excuses or negligence. Were it not for my ideals I would abandon the work." On 9 June—three days after D-day—Garbo sent a message to German intelligence that was passed to Adolf Hitler and the (OKW; German High Command). Garbo said that he had conferred with

neg: Internet Message Access Protocol somewhat. A private proposal, push IMAP, would extend IMAP to implement push e-mail by sending the entire message instead of just a notification. However, push IMAP has not been generally accepted and current IETF work has addressed the problem in other ways (see the Lemonade Profile for more information). Unlike some proprietary protocols which combine sending and retrieval operations, sending a message and saving a copy in a server-side folder with a base-level IMAP client requires transmitting the message content twice, once to SMTP for delivery and a second time to IMAP to store in a sent mail folder. This

neg: Spamming product which feature actors and paid testimonials, though the promoted product or service is of dubious quality and would likely not pass the scrutiny of a standards and practices department at a television station or cable network. SPIT (SPam over Internet Telephony) is VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) spam, usually using SIP (Session Initiation Protocol). This is nearly identical to telemarketing calls over traditional phone lines. When the user chooses to receive the spam call, a pre-recorded spam message or advertisement is usually played back. This is generally easier for the spammer as VoIP services are cheap and easy to

neg: WhatsApp messages are sent by uploading the image, audio or video to be sent to an HTTP server and then sending a link to the content along with its Base64 encoded thumbnail (if applicable). WhatsApp follows a "store and forward" mechanism for exchanging messages between two users. When a user sends a message, it first travels to the WhatsApp server where it is stored. Then the server repeatedly requests the receiver acknowledge receipt of the message. As soon as the message is acknowledged, the server drops the message; it is no longer available in the database of the server. The WhatsApp

neg: Battle of Camperdown the ships Duncan had sent to observe them, and when Dutch preparations to sail were observed a message was sent back to Duncan informing him of the Dutch movements. The despatch vessel flew the signal for an enemy as it entered Yarmouth roads early in the morning on 9 October, so that by the time it had docked the British fleet was already preparing to sail, Duncan sending the final message to the Admiralty: "The wind is now in the NE and [I] shall make good course over to them, and if it please God, hope to get at them.

neg: Interface Message Processor directly to a physical layer device. To transmit data, the host constructs a message containing the numeric address of another host on the network (similar to an IP address on the Internet) and a data field, and transmits the message across the 1822 interface to the IMP. The IMP routes the message to the destination host using protocols that were eventually adopted by Internet routers. Messages could store a total length of 8159 Bits, of which the first 96 were reserved for the header (“leader”). While packets transmitted across the Internet are assumed to be unreliable, 1822 messages were guaranteed

neg: IP Flow Information Export via IPFIX might look like this: This information set would be sent in the following IPFIX message: As can be seen, the message contains the IPFIX header and two IPFIX Sets: One Template Set that introduces the build-up of the Data Set used, as well as one Data Set, which contains the actual data. When IPFIX is sent over a protocol which keeps a session state (TCP or SCTP), the Template Set need not be retransmitted since it is buffered in Collectors. Since the Template Set can change over time, it must be retransmitted if a new session state is

neg: Safaricom message stating "Please call me. Thank you". Although the messages can be annoying when sent just for fun they can prove useful when one is in trouble and has no airtime. It also gives parents more of a reason to get mobile phones for their children without the real need for getting them airtime. Safaricom launched the Kipokezi service in May 2000 that enabled its subscribers to send and receive email and online chat through standard mobile phones. The service does not require users to have an Internet connection as it uses ForgetMeNot Africa’s Handset Initiation technology. Prior to the

neg: Telecommunication used version of the Internet Protocol is version four but a move to version six is imminent. At the transport layer, most communication adopts either the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) or the User Datagram Protocol (UDP). TCP is used when it is essential every message sent is received by the other computer whereas UDP is used when it is merely desirable. With TCP, packets are retransmitted if they are lost and placed in order before they are presented to higher layers. With UDP, packets are not ordered or retransmitted if lost. Both TCP and UDP packets carry port numbers with

neg: Email injection input from arbitrary users. Email injection Email injection is a security vulnerability that can occur in Internet applications that are used to send email messages. It is the email equivalent of HTTP Header Injection. Like SQL injection attacks, this vulnerability is one of a general class of vulnerabilities that occur when one programming language is embedded within another. When a form is added to a Web page that submits data to a Web application, a malicious user may exploit the MIME format to append additional information to the message being sent, such as a new list of recipients or a

neg: Dennis Moran (computer criminal) 2000, a smurf attack generating over 1 gigabit per second of ICMP traffic was launched against Yahoo!'s routers, causing their websites to be inaccessible to the world for hours. In a message sent to the CERT, Yahoo! network engineer Jan B. Koum stated that the attackers were "above your average script kiddie" and "knew about our topology and planned this large scale attack in advance." Shortly thereafter, Stanford University's computer security administrator David Brumley began monitoring Internet Relay Chat (IRC) traffic on irc.stanford.edu, which was then a public server on the EFnet IRC network. He discovered discussions about the attack

neg: Decoding (semiotics) alternative interpretations. Decoding (semiotics) Decoding, in semiotics, is the process of interpreting a message sent by an addresser to an addressee. The complementary processcreating a message for transmission to an addresseeis called encoding. All communication depends on the use of codes. When the message is received, the addressee is not passive, but decoding is more than simply recognising the content of the message. Over time, each individual in the audience develops a cognitive framework of codes which will recall the denotative meaning and suggest possible connotative meanings for each signifier. But the actual meaning for each message is context-dependent: the

neg: Decoding (semiotics) Decoding (semiotics) Decoding, in semiotics, is the process of interpreting a message sent by an addresser to an addressee. The complementary processcreating a message for transmission to an addresseeis called encoding. All communication depends on the use of codes. When the message is received, the addressee is not passive, but decoding is more than simply recognising the content of the message. Over time, each individual in the audience develops a cognitive framework of codes which will recall the denotative meaning and suggest possible connotative meanings for each signifier. But the actual meaning for each message is context-dependent: the codified relations

neg: Seed loading changed data has to be backed up over the Internet. Seed loading Seed loading is a technology used primarily in remote data backup solutions. It prevents large amounts of backup data being sent over the Internet. Instead, the backup is performed locally on a storage medium (e.g. an external hard disk) which is then shipped to the external storage location, where it is stored in the appropriate account. This method saves the user much time and bandwidth. In general, this method of external backup is highly effective when the backup solution supports incremental or differential backups. The first backup is

neg: Professional mobile radio first codeword of any message and it defines the nature of the message. It is possible to send data over the control channel. When this occurs, both the CSCC and the address codewords are displaced with the data appended to the address codeword. The mobile radio unit data structure is somewhat simpler. It consists fundamentally of synchronism bits followed by the address codeword. There are a number of different types of control channel messages that can be sent by the base station to the mobiles: Although the data is transmitted as digital information, the audio or voice channels for the

neg: Internet censorship returning a fake "Not Found" error message when an attempt is made to access a blocked website. Unless the censor has total control over all Internet-connected computers, such as in North Korea (who employ an intranet that only privileged citizens can access), or Cuba, total censorship of information is very difficult or impossible to achieve due to the underlying distributed technology of the Internet. Pseudonymity and data havens (such as Freenet) protect free speech using technologies that guarantee material cannot be removed and prevents the identification of authors. Technologically savvy users can often find ways to access blocked content. Nevertheless,

neg: Mail-11 to user dmi. Since the timestamp is present, this must be a copy of a message that has already been sent, but since the From address is still in Mail-11 form, the text above must be copied from the local CC of the message rather than from the version that went through the gateway. Unlike SMTP mail, mail readers did not support automatic signatures; many users developed the habit of changing their personal name setting to be some interesting or amusing quotation. The message is to be gatewayed to another network, in this case to the Internet SMTP protocol, and

neg: BlackBerry update a PIN server-side), and are locked to each specific BlackBerry. BlackBerry devices can message each other using the PIN directly or by using the BlackBerry Messenger application. BlackBerry PINs are tracked by BlackBerry Enterprise Servers and the BlackBerry Internet Service and are used to direct messages to a BlackBerry device. Emails and any other messages, such as those from the BlackBerry Push Service, are typically directed to a BlackBerry device's PIN. The message can then be routed by a RIM Network Operations Center, and sent to a carrier, which will deliver the message the last mile to the device.

neg: Margaret Reid (scientist) highlighted a 'spooky' theory in quantum mechanics, which is the strange way entangled particles stay connected even when separated by large distances. In this paper, theoretical proof that such messages can be shared between more than two people and may provide unprecedented security for a future quantum internet is provided for the first time. In the 1990s, scientists realised one can securely transmit a message through encrypting and using a shared key generated by Einstein's strange entanglement to decode the message from the sender and receiver. Using the quantum key meant the message was completely secure from interception during transmission.

neg: Oxegen 2006 bad batch of the drug ecstasy when 40 people were sent to Naas General Hospital, but no evidence of such a batch was found. At present, the previously lively official forum remains shut down, presumably as a result of postings on the message board which would generate negative publicity for the event. As internet users reported on the event at boards.ie, Ireland's largest web-based discussion forum, MCD pressed for legal action to prevent such postings from surfacing. Three people were killed in a road accident in Portlaoise, County Laois whilst returning from Oxegen 2006. The accident occurred on the N8

neg: Rufus S. Bratton message, encoded it, and delivered it to the War Department Message Center. While the Philippines and the Panama Canal Zone received the warning by radio, poor atmospheric conditions were blocking radio communications with Hawaii and the warning was sent as a telegram. When the warning message was finally delivered in Hawaii, however, the attack was already underway. The telegram messenger on his way to deliver it was forced to abandon his bicycle and take cover in a ditch and the naval commander in charge of the Pacific fleet Adm Husband Kimmel didn't receive it until after the attack was over.

neg: Windows Messenger service their networks. It has been used maliciously to present pop-up advertisements to users over the Internet (by using mass-messaging systems which sent a desired message to a specified range of IP addresses). Even though Windows XP includes a firewall, it is not enabled by default. Because of this, many users received such messages. As a result of this abuse, the Messenger Service has been disabled by default in Windows XP Service Pack 2. The Messenger Service was discontinued in Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008 and replaced by the old MSG.exe. The Messenger service in Windows 2000 and Windows XP

neg: Airwide Solutions Airwide Solutions Airwide Solutions was a privately held (majority shareholder smac|partners Germany), but United States-based mobile messaging and wireless internet infrastructure company. It was acquired by Mavenir Systems in May 2011. The company was founded in 2004 through the acquisition of Schlumberger's Messaging Solutions unit, formerly Sema Group by Taral Networks [7] . Airwide later acquired Finnish company First Hop in 2007. Neil Papworth, a test engineer at Sema at the time, sent the world's first SMS message from an R&D lab using a personal computer to Richard Jarvis of Vodafone using an Orbitel 901 handset in December 1992. In