query: what date did the second world war end

pos: World War II the Yalta agreement, invaded Japanese-held Manchuria and quickly defeated the Kwantung Army, which was the largest Japanese fighting force, thereby persuading previously adamant Imperial Army leaders to accept surrender terms. The Red Army also captured the southern part of Sakhalin Island and the Kuril Islands. On 15 August 1945, Japan surrendered, with the surrender documents finally signed at Tokyo Bay on the deck of the American battleship USS "Missouri" on 2 September 1945, ending the war. The Allies established occupation administrations in Austria and Germany. The former became a neutral state, non-aligned with any political bloc. The latter was divided

neg: Commonwealth War Graves Commission the 1918 flu pandemic. The applicable periods of consideration are 4 August 1914 to 31 August 1921 for the First World War and 3 September 1939 to 31 December 1947 for the Second World War. The end date for the First World War period is the official end of the war, while for the Second World War the Commission selected a date approximately the same period after VE Day as the official end of the First World War was after the 1918 Armistice. Civilians who died as a result of enemy action during the Second World War are commemorated differently

neg: Central Industrial Region (Poland) the seaport in Gdynia, were the most outstanding achievements of the Second Polish Republic, marking the beginning of the new era of recently regained independence. The COP plan was continued by the communist government of Poland after the Second World War. However, as the end date for the plan was the end of July 1940, and Poland did not have sufficient capital to carry out the entire plan on its own, few of the intended projects were completely operational before the war broke out, and many other ones were not launched at all. Consequently, their contribution to the equipment of

neg: The War of the End of the World what he calls the "Western canon". As he did later on with "La Fiesta Del Chivo" ("The Feast of the Goat"), Vargas Llosa tackles a huge number of characters and stories caught during a time of strife, interweaving these in way that gives us a picture of what it was to live in those times. The War of the End of the World The War of the End of the World () is a 1981 novel written by Peruvian novelist Mario Vargas Llosa. It is a novelization of the War of Canudos conflict in late 19th-century Brazil. In the midst

neg: Belle Vue Zoological Gardens was for the new company to take over from 1 January 1925, but the transfer did not take place until 28 March. Under the new managing director, John Henry Iles, the gardens expanded to include what became a world-famous amusement park. Belle Vue enjoyed a brief post-war boom between the end of the Second World War and the early 1950s. During the early 1960s, it could still attract 150,000 visitors on Easter Monday, but by the end of the decade that figure had dropped to about 30,000, as the competition from rival amusement parks increased. Sir Leslie Joseph and Charles

neg: Regionalism (international relations) of collective security was dominant. With the notable exception of the Inter-American System very few regional groupings existed before World War II What did emerge before World War II were a growing number of international public and private associations, such as the General Postal Union and the International Law Association, which were holding regular meetings and had their own secretariats. By the end of the Second World War, then, regionalism had not still entered the vocabulary of international relations. By the 1940s however, an increasing number of influential people had already advocated "escape from a theoretical and ineffective universalism into

neg: Post–World War II economic expansion refer to the period of the Second Industrial Revolution from approximately , which also saw rapid economic expansion. Yet another name for the quarter century following the end of World War II is "the Age of Marx", though the Soviet Union's economic statistics were not reliable during this period. Economist Roger Middleton states that economic historians generally agree on 1950 as the start date for the golden age, while Robert Skidelsky states 1951 is the most recognized start date. Both Skidelsky and Middleton have 1973 as the generally recognized end date, though sometimes the golden age is considered to have

neg: Walter Greenwood During the Second World War Greenwood produced movies by Greenpark Productions Ltd for the British government, and served with the Royal Army Service Corps. During 1944 he published "Something in my Heart", and divorced Pearl. After the war he wrote the "Trelooe" trilogy – "So Brief The Spring" (1952), "What Everybody Wants" (1954) and "Down By The Sea" (1956) – and a few plays: "The Cure For Love" (1945, filmed 1950), Date of West End opening "12 July 1945" "Too Clever for Love" (1952) and "Saturday Night at the Crown" (1958). He also co-wrote the movie "Chance of a Lifetime"

neg: Post-war Post-war A post-war period or postwar period is the interval immediately following the end of a war. A post-war period can become an interwar period or interbellum, when a war between the same parties resumes at a later date (e.g., the period between World War I and World War II). By contrast, a post-war period marks the cessation of conflict entirely. In Western usage, references to the post-war era or postwar era (sometimes capitalized) usually refer to the time since the end of World War II, although many nations involved in the Second World War have been involved in wars

neg: World War II Victory Medal (United States) cadet or midshipman at the U.S. Military Academy, the U.S. Naval Academy or the U.S. Coast Guard Academy between 3 September 1945 and any date in 1946, receiving the medal without having been a veteran of World War II. The reason for this late date is that President Harry S. Truman did not declare an official end of hostilities until the last day of 1946. As every member of the United States Armed Forces who served from December 7, 1941 to December 31, 1946 was eligible for the medal, there were over 12 million eligible recipients, making the World War

neg: The Moon Maid the end of the First World War in 1918; clearly, however, he did not regard the war as having truly ended but only changed in intensity—especially as it had been directly followed by the October Revolution in Russia and the intervention of the Western powers in an effort to crush that revolution, which the staunchly anti-Communist Burroughs supported. As envisioned by Burroughs, there would follow many decades of unceasing worldwide fighting at various locations and at various intensities until a great outburst in 1959, leading to eight years of all-out war, roughly corresponding to what would become the Second World

neg: Football League 100 Legends began their playing careers before the Second World War, 37 who began their careers between the end of the war and 1980, and 29 whose professional careers began after that date. At the time of the list's publication, six of the legends were still active, all playing in the Premier League. As of the 2013–14 season, Ryan Giggs is the most recent player to be put on this list. All 100 of the legends played in The Football League with the exception of Dennis Bergkamp, who did not begin playing in England until after the Premier League replaced the Football

neg: Purple poppy poppy day in addition to Remembrance Day on 11 November where purple poppies would be worn. The date is movable, however. In 2018, in order to coincide with 100 years since the end of the First World War, 23 August was chosen as purple poppy day to coincide with the Battle of Mons. This was the date of the first battle between British and German forces during the First World War. The purple poppy was not endorsed by The Royal British Legion, which sells the official red remembrance poppies. However they did state: "We see no conflict in wearing the

neg: Military history of the Netherlands during World War II Sas, had established good relations with Colonel Hans Oster, who occupied a high position in the Abwehr. Oster warned Sas about German plans for an offensive against the Netherlands, Belgium and France, and Sas passed the warnings on. The government in the Netherlands, however, did not take them seriously, as the offensive was postponed several times, even though Oster did eventually offer the correct date of May 10, 1940. The Dutch army was not considered formidable even at the end of World War I, and it did not prosper during the interwar years. By the time of the German invasion

neg: Three-world model ceased to exist; with it, so did all applicability of the term Second World. Three-world model The terms "First World", "Second World", and "Third World" were originally used to divide the world's nations into three categories. The model did not emerge to its end state all at once. The complete overthrow of the post–World War II status quo, known as the Cold War, left two superpowers (the United States and the Soviet Union) vying for ultimate global supremacy. They created two camps, known as blocs. These blocs formed the basis of the concepts of the First and Second Worlds. Early

neg: Second Punic War pirates), and forbade Carthage from raising an army without Roman permission. The Numidians took the opportunity to capture and plunder Carthaginian territory. Half a century later, when Carthage raised an army to defend itself from these incursions, Rome destroyed her in the Third Punic War (149–146 BC). Rome, on the other hand, by her victory, had taken a key step towards what ultimately became her domination of the Mediterranean world. The end of the war did not meet with a universal welcome in Rome. When the Senate decided upon a peace treaty with Carthage, Quintus Caecilius Metellus, a former consul,

neg: Chaukhandi tombs the stone slabs had miraculously flown through the air from Kandahar. Stein considered it to date from the end of the 15th century. In 1934, in a publication concerning monuments of Sindh, Nani Gopala Majumdar described a funerary enclosure on Tharro Hill near Gujjo. He believed that that cemetery enclosure dated from the 14th century, being therefore older than the monuments on Makli Hill; he also found some additional tombs of lesser significance in the vicinity of the nearby mausoleum of Sheikh Turabi. After the Second World War the Chaukhandi tombs did not receive any attention from the Pakistan authorities

neg: The Madrigal Society end of the Second World War. The Madrigal Society The Madrigal Society is a British association of amateur musicians, whose purpose is to sing madrigals. It may be the oldest club of its kind still in existence in England. It was founded by John Immyns. Sir John Hawkins was an early member of the club and, in his "General History of the Science and Practice of Music" of 1776, gives the date of its foundation as 1741; the earliest documentary evidence dates from 1744. In April 1940, during The Blitz on London, the society suspended its regular meetings, and did

neg: Glenn Turner date) only series victory in Australia, and again a decade later. Turner is one of only two players (the other being Graeme Hick in 1988 also for Worcestershire) since the Second World War to have scored 1000 first-class runs in England before the end of May, a feat he achieved in 1973. Among the eight batsmen who have done this, only Turner and Donald Bradman did it while playing for a touring team. He also holds the record of highest percentage of runs scored in any completed innings 83.43% after he scored 141* out of Worcestershire's 169 against Glamorgan at

neg: Russian cultural property law Law on Cultural Valuables Displaced to the USSR as a Result of the Second World War and Located on the Territory of the Russian Federation. At the end of the Second World War in 1945, in what some would argue as retaliation, and others as compensation for the massive loss of cultural property the Soviet Union suffered, cultural valuables (such as books, art, artifacts, etc.) were taken (stolen, or relocated) from Germany. Since the end of the War the existence of such valuables were kept secret, and their existence was denied. In total during World War II, nearly thirty million

neg: Daddy, what did you do in the Great War? Daddy, what did you do in the Great War? "Daddy, what did YOU do in the Great War?" was a British recruitment poster from 1915. It was released by the Parliamentary Recruiting Committee. A war recruitment poster from the First World War shows a daughter posing a question to her father, "Daddy, what did YOU do in the Great War?" There was an extensive recruitment campaign in Great Britain during World War I. Recruitment for World War I was different from prior wars, which had been fought by the regular (professional) army. Samuel Hynes writes that the war was fought

neg: Plan for Chaos the author's death, under the planned US title "Plan for Chaos"; the planned UK title had been "Fury of Creation". The novel begins as a hard-boiled detective thriller in what is presumably New York City, about thirty years or so after the end of the Second World War - a future date at the time of writing. Once the chase is on, the story moves into SF themes, and shifts to a hi-tech hideout deep in the jungle, where Nazis are cloning an Aryan master race. While the clones zip around in flying saucers, the Nazi high command prepares for

neg: Herbert von Denffer second order of the elliptical type" (). At the end of the war, Denffer was named as chief of the () cryptanalysis unit with KONA 6 at the end. Herbert von Denffer Herbert Julius von Denffer (born 4 June 1907, date of death unknown) was a German actuarial mathematician. He was born in Narva, Estonia. During World War II, Dr Herbert Denffer worked as a cryptanalyst in Referat F, the Mathematical Referat, as part of the Inspectorate 7/VI, that was the signals intelligence agency of the Wehrmacht, before and during World War II. He would later work for the General

neg: Inchcolm walls. It was standing upright and is of unknown date. During both the First World War and the Second World War, Inchcolm was part of the defences of the Firth of Forth. Inchcolm was the HQ of what were called in the First World War the 'Middle defences', the main element of which was a continuous anti-submarine and anti-boat boom across the river. The defences were intended to protect the naval anchorage between Inchcolm and the Forth Rail Bridge (as there was no longer room above the bridge to moor all the ships based in the Forth). The defences of

neg: Biathlon World Championships 2007 – Men's pursuit all his competitors in the chase for medals. Svendsen and Poirée were dropped, he caught and left Šlesingr, before pipping Olympic gold medallist Defrasne to the line and taking silver. "* P - Prone, S - Standing, T - Total penalties" Did not start: Did not finish: Lapped: Biathlon World Championships 2007 – Men's pursuit Event: 12.5 km Pursuit Men Date: February 4, 2007 Place: Antholz, Italy Start Time: 11:15 CET End Time: 11:55 CET Ole Einar Bjørndalen won his second gold medal in as many days, started in front, but Michal Šlesingr caught up with his four-second deficit before

neg: Paris in World War II On August 27, the Council of Ministers held its first meeting at the "Hôtel Matignon" since 1940. In October, a provisional municipal council was established, but it did not formally meet until March and April 1945. The first issue of a new newspaper, "Le Monde", was published on December 18, 1944. On April 13, 1945, just before the end of war, a new ordinance set the date for the first municipal elections since the war began. They were held on 29 April, and for the first time French women were allowed to vote. Paris in World War II Paris started

neg: Herbert Aldersmith pyramidology book, which was later published six years after his death entitled "The Great Pyramid: Its Divine Message" (1924). Aldersmith believed that the internal passages of the Great Pyramid of Giza contain a chronology in numerlogical and metrological form which detail the date of the second coming and End Times, as well as prophecies and a timeline relating to the Anglo-Saxon-Celtic kindred peoples. According to Aldersmith, the end of the world would be on 29 May 1928, but Davidson remained very sceptical about this date and after it passed in a revised 1940 edition of his book, he dated what

neg: Peter Hitchens book "The War We Never Fought: The British Establishment's Surrender to Drugs", about what he sees as the non-existence of the war on drugs, was published by Bloomsbury in the autumn of 2012. In June 2014 he published his first e-book, "Short Breaks in Mordor", a compendium of foreign reports. "The Phoney Victory: The World War II Illusion" was published in August 2018 by I.B. Tauris. It addresses what Hitchens views as the national myth of the Second World War, which he believes did long-term damage to Britain and its position in the world. It was negatively reviewed by the

neg: Kelso Depot such as "Casa del Desierto". The oasis-like landscape design and overall style and character of this remote station made it a popular gathering place for Union Pacific employees, passengers and local residents. The original gardens with shade from Fremont cottonwoods ("Populus fremontii"), Chinese elms ("Ulmus parvifolia"), and manicured geometric lawns lingered, but did not survive the desert conditions between depot closure and the park's Visitor Center restoration. Only date palms ("Phoenix dactylifera") survived. The Kelso Depot served as a significant element in the Union Pacific's contributions to the American war effort during World War II. The end of World War

neg: Timeline of the surrender of Axis forces at the end of World War II the war was over, but did not surrender. If one were to add up all of these numbers (including the minimum number of crew members on the U-boats), the number of troops surrendered would be as follows (in order of number of troops and organized by ethnicity/nation); Timeline of the surrender of Axis forces at the end of World War II This is a timeline of the surrenders of the various armies of the Axis powers that marked the end of World War II. There are two lists: the first denotes surrenders in April–November 1945. The second one shows the

neg: Shinkansen up more ambitious plans to extend the line to Beijing (through a tunnel to Korea) and even Singapore, and build connections to the Trans-Siberian Railway and other trunk lines in Asia. These plans were abandoned in 1943 as Japan's position in World War II worsened. However, some construction did commence on the line; several tunnels on the present-day Shinkansen date to the war-era project. Following the end of World War II, high-speed rail was forgotten for several years while traffic of passengers and freight steadily increased on the conventional Tōkaidō Main Line along with the reconstruction of Japanese industry and

neg: Chemical weapons in World War I chemical attack near the end of the 8-year Iran–Iraq War. The full conflict's use of such weaponry killed around 20,000 Iranian troops (and injured another 80,000), around a quarter of the number of deaths caused by chemical weapons during the First World War. All major combatants stockpiled chemical weapons during the Second World War, but the only reports of its use in the conflict were the Japanese use of relatively small amounts of mustard gas and lewisite in China, Italy's use of gas in Ethiopia (in what is more often considered to be the Second Italo-Ethiopian War), and very rare

neg: Gudovac 28 April 1941, during World War II. It was the first such massacre of Serbs by the Ustaše, which would continue its genocidal campaign until end of the Second World War in 1945. In 2010, the remains of approximately 30 people believed to date from World War II were discovered in a pit near the settlement. Gudovac massacre Gudovac Gudovac is a village in Croatia. It lies near to Bjelovar and about east of the Croatian capital of Zagreb. Gudovac was first settled during the Middle Ages and had an ethnically mixed population through much of its history. In 1931,

neg: Lancaster PA278 disappearance Lancaster PA278 disappearance The Lancaster PA278 disappearance involved Avro Lancaster Mk.I PA278, "F for Freddie", operated by No. 103 Squadron RAF (103 Sqn) of Bomber Command just after the end of the Second World War. It disappeared over the Mediterranean, probably near Corsica, on 4 October 1945 with its crew of 6 airmen and 19 female service personnel - the worst loss of female British and Commonwealth service personnel from the Second World War to date. PA278 was one of a batch of 265 Lancasters built by Vickers-Armstrongs Ltd at its Broughton factory near Chester between June 1944 and September

neg: Service number (United States Army) by date of commission. By the end of the 1940s, the 3,000,000 service number cap for officers had yet to be reached. At the end of the Second World War, the United States Army was reorganized into the following components: Between 1945 and 1947, the World War II draft force was slowly disbanded with the 30 and 40 million service number series formally discontinued. Personnel who chose to remain on active duty kept their original service numbers, regardless of their new component. The United States Air Force was also founded in September 1947, with enlisted personnel transferring into the new

neg: Lewis Teague Man Called Sloane". He also did episodes of "Vega$" and "Barnaby Jones" and was the Second-Unit Director on Samuel Fuller's World War II movie, "The Big Red One" (1980). Teague's second feature as sole credit was "Alligator" (1980), based on a script by Sayles. He did an episode of "Riker" then helmed the vigilante film "Fighting Back" (1982) and was called in at the last minute to do a Stephen King adaptation, "Cujo" (1983). It was popular and Teague was offered a second King script, "Cat's Eye" (1985). Teague had his biggest budget to date with "The Jewel of the

neg: Three-world model Three-world model The terms "First World", "Second World", and "Third World" were originally used to divide the world's nations into three categories. The model did not emerge to its end state all at once. The complete overthrow of the post–World War II status quo, known as the Cold War, left two superpowers (the United States and the Soviet Union) vying for ultimate global supremacy. They created two camps, known as blocs. These blocs formed the basis of the concepts of the First and Second Worlds. Early in the Cold War era, NATO and the Warsaw Pact were created by the

neg: Rail transport in Argentina leading export country. However, with the advent of the First World War, then subsequently the Wall Street Crash and Great Depression, the rail network of the country experienced a much lower rate of growth after this period and had mostly ground to a halt by the beginning of the Second World War. By the end of the Second World War, the United Kingdom owed Argentina m$n 2 billion after the country had filled the gaps in food shortages during the war effort. Following what was then a worldwide trend, the private companies were nationalised by the government of Juan Perón,

neg: Pope Pius XII the remaining war effort. During the Second World War, after Nazi Germany commenced its mass executions of Jews in occupied Soviet territory, Pius XII employed diplomacy to aid victims of the Holocaust and directed the Church to provide discreet aid to Jews. Upon his death in 1958, among many Jewish tributes, the Chief Rabbi of Rome Elio Toaff, said: "Jews will always remember what the Catholic Church did for them by order of the Pope during the Second World War. When the war was raging, Pius spoke out very often to condemn the false race theory." This is disputed by

neg: Nanzdietschweiler Kusel and elsewhere. Insofar as the inhabitants still keep the Christian faith today, more than half are Catholic and more than one third are Evangelical. During the early 19th century, a few Jews lived in what is now Nanzdietschweiler, mainly in Nanzweiler. Even into the 18th century, all the villages were very small, and only towards the end of that century did the population figures rise healthily. In the 19th century, continuous growth can be noted, holding steady until the Second World War. Today, the combined total population for all villages is shrinking. However, given the good transport links, the

neg: Fordham War Memorial First World War in Roman numerals on the west and east. The names of the village's dead are inscribed on all four sections of the lower plinth, to which the names of the dead from the Second World War were added at a later date. The construction work was undertaken by Frank Johnson, a local builder and stonemason. It was unveiled by Mrs Dunn-Gardner on 7 August 1921. In June 1991 the memorial was severely damaged by thieves, who partially demolished the column and stole the bronze statue in what author Tim Skelton described as "the most wanton act of

neg: F visa be created for the student, with a new Form I-20. Physical absence from the United States for a contiguous period of over five months automatically deactivates one's student status, even if the student did not explicitly request termination of the SEVIS record. It may happen that the student's actual program end date falls earlier or later than what the student expected. It is necessary that a new I-20 be issued reflecting the current program end date, both prior to the program's actual end and prior to the stated program end date on the Form I-20. If the Form I-20 is

neg: Brave New World (role-playing game) brought the Second World War to a complete end. The Cold War began in the aftermath, much like in the real world. The United States did not develop nuclear weapons for several more years (they didn't need to finish them, as Superior's early victory in the war meant the Manhattan Project was canceled late in development). However, the real arms race was in the new "Alpha" class super-humans. A handful of other "Alphas" emerged at the end of the war, and in the aftermath, and the Soviet Union was able to "create" several new Alphas, none as powerful as Superior,

neg: Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold 5:00 a.m. on April 20, 1999. In journal entries, the pair often wrote about events such as the Oklahoma City bombing, the Waco siege, the Vietnam War and other similar events, including blurbs and notes on how they wished to "outdo" these events, focusing especially on what Timothy McVeigh did in Oklahoma City. They mentioned how they would like to leave a lasting impression on the world with this kind of violence. Much speculation occurred over the date chosen for their attack. The original intended date of the attack may have been April 19; Harris required more ammunition from Mark

neg: Norway Debate waters. Amery went on to criticise the whole conduct of the war to date, and called for formation of a truly National Government and a small War Cabinet, similar to that of the First World War under Lloyd George, and for a change of personnel (his final quote was directed against the Government Front Bench). He too quoted a national hero: Arthur Greenwood, Labour Deputy Leader, spoke near the end of the first day's debate; he made use of Keyes's speech and of Amery's. He spoke first of what he saw as the true mood of the House: Then, he

neg: Decolonisation of Asia United States entered the region in 1898 during the Spanish–American War, taking the Philippines as its sole colony through a mock battle in the capital and the purchase of the Philippines from Spain after the declaration of independence and the First Philippine Republic. The following list shows the colonial powers following the end of World War II in 1945, their colonial or administrative possessions and date of decolonization. "See Burma's colonial era." Burma was almost completely occupied by the Imperial Japanese Army during the Second World War. Many Burmese fought alongside Japan in the initial stages of the war, though

neg: HMS Peony (K40) the first being a gunboat built in 1834 in Greece, and the third being the . She served the remainder of the Second World War under the Greek flag. She also served in the Greek Civil War that broke out after the end of the Second World War. In 1947 the United States in what became known as the Truman Doctrine declared its support the Greek government in its war against Communist guerrillas. In the early 1950s the Mutual Defense Assistance Act started the transfer of American ships to Greece. Four s entered Greek service and so the old British

neg: Bitche originating from a castle built at the beginning of the 13th century. The fortress is noted for its resistance during the Franco-Prussian War. Louis-Casimir Teyssier, its commander and chief, held the place for about 8 months with 3,000 men against about 20,000 Prussian and Bavarian soldiers until the French government ordered him to surrender after the ceasefire in . The town became part of Germany after that date until the end of the First World War, when it was given back to France. During the Second World War, it was annexed by the Third German Reich (-). Bitche is located

neg: International Women's Day covering the whole city. This marked the beginning of the February Revolution, which alongside the October Revolution made up the Russian Revolution. Women in Saint Petersburg went on strike that day for "Bread and Peace" – demanding the end of World War I, an end to Russian food shortages, and the end of czarism. Leon Trotsky wrote, "23 February (8th March) was International Woman's Day and meetings and actions were foreseen. But we did not imagine that this 'Women's Day' would inaugurate the revolution. Revolutionary actions were foreseen but without date. But in the morning, despite the orders to the

neg: United States Marine Corps the framework for Marine counter-insurgency operations from Vietnam to Iraq and Afghanistan while the Tentative Landing Operations Manual established the doctrine for the amphibious operations of World War II. ""Operational Maneuver from the Sea"" is the current doctrine of power projection. The United States Marine Corps traces its roots to the Continental Marines of the American Revolutionary War, formed by Captain Samuel Nicholas by a resolution of the Second Continental Congress on 10 November 1775, to raise two battalions of Marines. That date is regarded and celebrated as the date of the Marine Corps' birthday. At the end of the

neg: Decoration Day (Canada) the Battle of Ridgeway, and up to fifty thousand watched the accompanying parade. This became an annual event, taking place on the weekend nearest the original date and accumulating more participants as further conflicts resulted in a larger body of Canadian veterans. Participants included veterans of the Fenian Raids, the North-West Rebellion, the Second Boer War, and the First World War. The actions of the Fenian veterans resulted in the British creation of service medals recognizing participants in the pre-First World War Canadian conflicts. Canada provided compensation to veterans of the rebellions, but not the Fenian raids; Ontario did provide

neg: League of Nations and the Soviet Union joined late and only briefly. Germany withdrew from the League, as did Japan, Italy, Spain and others. The onset of the Second World War showed that the League had failed its primary purpose, which was to prevent any future world war. The League lasted for 26 years; the United Nations (UN) replaced it after the end of the Second World War and inherited several agencies and organisations founded by the League. The concept of a peaceful community of nations had been proposed as far back as 1795, when Immanuel Kant's "" outlined the idea of a

neg: Russian cultural property law Court in 1999 for review on the basis of unconstitutionality, contradiction of Russia's international legal obligation and alleged irregular voting practices. The ruling of July 20, 1999 did rule in fact that parts of the law were unconstitutional and that parts of the voting process were violated; but despite these findings the law was still validated and found not in conflict with the Constitution. The ruling further stated that the cultural valuables that were relocated to now what is known as Russia at the end of the Second World War should not be returned to the former aggressor countries and

neg: Eugène Poubelle system to empty the containers regularly. Parisians began to name their boxes after Poubelle, a habit encouraged by the newspaper "Le Figaro", which called them "Boîtes Poubelle". The boxes met resistance, owners of buildings resenting the cost of providing and supervising the bins, and traditional rag-and-bone men, the "chiffonniers", seeing a threat to their living. The boxes deteriorated but the principles of what Poubelle established survived. But not until the end of the Second World War did dustbins and their collection by municipalities become common. By then "poubelle" as a noun had been established, and was first recognized by a

neg: Désiré Ferry in the second government of André Tardieu. In this job, he did what he could to ameliorate the unhealthy conditions in which French soldiers lived in. On the outbreak of the Second World War, Ferry was recalled to service as the commandant of the 128th Fortress Infantry Regiment. After having served and commanded righteously, he died from pulmonary congestion in the freezing temperatures (less than -25C) on the Maginot line on 11 January 1940 aged 54. He had with him two sons during the Second World War. His eldest, Nicolas Ferry, died on the field at the age of 21.

neg: Icelandic Americans World War I. At least 144 of the combatants died during World War I (96 in combat, 19 from wounds suffered during combat, 2 from accidents, and 27 from disease), 61 of them were born on Iceland. Ten men were taken as prisoners of war by the Germans. Not until after the end of World War II did Icelanders again immigrate the United States in any substantial numbers. This post-World War II immigration wave was made up almost entirely of war brides of American servicemen stationed in Iceland. Settlement patterns during the second half of the nineteenth century placed Icelanders

neg: USS Lake Champlain (CV-39) USS Lake Champlain (CV-39) USS "Lake Champlain" (CV/CVA/CVS-39) was one of 24 s completed during or shortly after World War II for the United States Navy. She was the second US Navy ship to bear the name, and was named for the Battle of Lake Champlain in the War of 1812. Commissioned on 3 June 1945, "Lake Champlain" did not participate in World War II, but did serve as a transport, bringing troops home from Europe as part of Operation Magic Carpet. Like many of her sister ships, she was decommissioned shortly after the end of the war, but was

neg: USS Walter Adams (SP-400) command. Photographs show that she had the designation "SP-400" painted on her bow and she was used as a patrol boat like other units with an "SP" designation during World War I, although her data card lists her as having Identification Number (Id. No.) 400, or "ID-400", the type of designation given to cargo ships, tankers, and transports taken up from civilian service for use during World War I. "Walter Adams" operated locally out of Charleston, South Carolina, through the end of World War I. There are no records indicating exactly what she did during her operational career, but it

neg: Harry Curtis (football manager) in Scottish internationals Dave McCulloch, Bobby Reid and Duncan McKenzie, Welsh internationals Idris Hopkins and Les Boulter, with Billy Scott and Les Smith going on to represent England. The outbreak of the Second World War and the suspension of professional football in 1939 brought Brentford's golden era to a halt, but Curtis still won further silverware during the war, winning the 1941–42 London War Cup, the Bees' only Wembley success to date. Football League competition resumed in 1946 and Curtis' Brentford were relegated to the Second Division at the end of the 1946–47 season and Curtis stood down from the

neg: Istrian-Dalmatian exodus 1944 the German army and most of the Italian civilian administration abandoned the city. On 31 October 1944, the Partisans seized the city, until then a part of Mussolini's Italian Social Republic. At the start of World War II, Zadar had a population of 24,000 and, by the end of 1944, this had decreased to 6,000. Formally, the city remained under Italian sovereignty until 15 September 1947 but by that date the exodus from the city had been already almost total (Paris Peace Treaties). A second wave left at the end of the war with the beginning of killings, expropriation

neg: Johnny Handsome -- this is a vulgar oversimplification -- but it's that `What I do is my character, my actions define my character.' After the second World War, thanks to theories of modern psychology and confusion about what was scientific and what wasn't, the definition of character became much more, `How did I become what I am?' I am not so much interested in that theory as I am in the previous theory. And I think that throws you profoundly out of step with your peers and with the critical community. Not so much around the world, but certainly in the United

neg: Harry J. Malony Harry J. Malony Harry James Malony (August 24, 1889 – March 23, 1971) was an decorated American Major general, who commanded the 94th Infantry Division during World War II. Harry James Malony was born on August 24, 1889 in Lakemont, New York. Malony attended the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York and graduated on June 12, 1912. He was also commissioned a Second lieutenant in the Infantry on that date. Some of his West Point classmates later became general officers during World War II as he did, such as Wade H. Haislip, John Shirley Wood, Walton Walker,

neg: British Malaya economy to the global supply chain, Malaya did not escape the depression. The First World War did not affect Malaya directly, aside from a naval skirmish between the renegade German cruiser "SMS Emden" and the Russian cruiser "Zhemchug" off the coast of George Town, in what became known as the Battle of Penang. The Second World War however consumed the country. Japan invaded Malaya in 1941, as part of the coordinated attack that started at Pearl Harbor. Malaya and Singapore were under Japanese occupation from 1942 until 1945. Japan rewarded Siam for its co-operation during this period by giving it

neg: Marcus H. MacWillie MacWillie continued to represent the territory throughout the First Confederate Congress (March 11, 1862 – February 17, 1864). He then served in the Second Confederate Congress until the end of the war. MacWillie's activities following the war are uncertain, as is his date and place of death or his burial location. What we do know is that he lived in Chihuahua, Mexico, as an attorney, often handling mining claims. He was also involved in various southern Texas-northern Mexico railroad promotions, often visiting Texas, New Mexico, New Orleans and New York City. It is presumed he died in Mexico soon after

neg: The Origins of the Second World War 1930s. However he did not read Adolf Hitler's "Mein Kampf" until after he had written the book. Taylor was a supporter of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, one of whose arguments was that an unintended war brought about by accident could cause a nuclear war and the end of human civilisation. In Taylor's view if the Second World War could start by accident, so could a Third. He also was opposed to the idea that it was necessary for the Western powers to take a tough stand against the Soviet Union as failure to take a similar stand against Nazi

neg: European theatre of World War II the former Nazi German state, reversed all German annexations and occupied territories, as well as agreed to jointly occupy and govern, denazify and demilitarize what remained of Germany. European theatre of World War II The European theatre of World War II, also known as the Second European War, was a huge area of heavy fighting across Europe, from Germany's and the Soviet Union's joint invasion of Poland in September 1939 until the end of the war with the Soviet Union conquering most of Eastern Europe along with the German unconditional surrender on 8 May 1945 (Victory in Europe Day). The

neg: Developmentalism for Third World Studies?" about how developmentalism gained its footing in international affairs in the years immediately following World War II, during which the United States assumed leadership of a world that had been devastated by the war, while the United States was all but physically unscathed. The end of Second World War catalyzed massive national liberation movements throughout Africa and Asia: these movements were a threat to the United States, in its fear that communism would take root in newly established independent nations. Therefore, these movements towards liberation became a top priority of the United States: developmentalism fit what

neg: Victory parade Victory parade A victory parade is a parade held to celebrate a victory. Numerous military and sport victory parades have been held. Among the most famous parades are the victory parades celebrating the end of the First World War and the Second World War. However, victory parades date back to ancient Rome, where Roman triumphs celebrated a leader who was militarily victorious. In the modern age, victory parades typically take the form of celebrating a national victory, rather than a personal one. In the former USSR including the Russian Federation victory parades are held annually in every major city celebrating

neg: Hugh Bartlett the one against Yorkshire in 1938, would have gone for six had he missed it. At the end of the season, he played in what was to be Hedley Verity's last match before he died in the Second World War. On a drying wicket Verity took 7 for 9, Bartlett being one of the victims. In the Second World War, Bartlett was commissioned into the Royal Army Service Corps. He transferred to the Royal West Kent Regiment in 1942, served in the Glider Pilot Regiment and later served as the second-in-command to Billy Griffith. He served at Normandy, Arnhem and

neg: Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve informally during the 1930s as members of the RAF VR would arrange and implement the cadets' training. During the Second World War, all those called up for Air Force Service with the RAF, both commissioned officers and other ranks, did so as members of the RAFVR under the National Service (Armed Forces) Act 1939. At the end of World War II, the RAFVR was reconstituted in 1947, and continued to act as a focus for individuals who had a continuing obligation under the Acts, peaking in its activities at the end of the 1950s. Following the end of conscription in

neg: Harborough (UK Parliament constituency) to take place before the end of 1940, however this did not happen due to the Second World War. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place from 1939 and by the end of this year, the following candidates had been selected: General Election 1914/15: Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1915, however this was not held due to the First World War. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by July 1914, the following candidates had been selected: Harborough (UK Parliament

neg: Second Cairo Conference relieved that this possible threat to concentration on Operation Overlord had at last been removed. At the end of the conference, it was decided that Turkey's neutrality should be maintained. It was also decided to build the Incirlik Air Base near Adana for possible Allied air operations in the region, but construction works began after the end of the Second World War. Incirlik Air Base later played an important role for NATO during the Cold War. Another decision was to postpone Operation Anakim against Japan in Burma. Both Roosevelt and İnönü got what they wanted, while Churchill was a bit

neg: Bill McKay However they were relegated straight back down to the Second Division the following season, but McKay's four goals in four games at the end of the 1937–38 season helped the club regain to secure second place and therefore regain their First Division status. The "Red Devils" then finished 14th in 1938–39. McKay's career was disrupted by the Second World War, putting at end to the Football League in the first half of the 1940s, though he did turn out for Manchester United in their wartime games. During the war he also made guest appearances for Stockport County and Port Vale,

neg: EN 16034 date by which national standards conflicting with a European norm have to be withdrawn. Especially the two dates DOP and DOW are interesting. The first (DOP) will indicate when this new norm will in effect start its validity (by what date one can CE mark doors for internal use on a voluntary basis) and the end of the coexistence period (by what date the new standard must be used and old products based on the prior national norms can no longer be put onto the market). The second date (DOW) gives a good indication of how long this coexistence period

neg: Xanthi First Balkan War, Xanthi was captured by the Bulgarian army from the Ottomans in 8 November 1912. In the Second Balkan War the Greek army captured it in July 1913. However, with the Treaty of Bucharest, Xanthi along with Western Thrace were ceded to Bulgaria (where it was also called Скеча "Skecha"), and remained a part of the latter until the end of World War I. Following the Bulgarian defeat in this war, Western Thrace came under Allied administration and on 4 October 1919 the Greek army under Georgios Leonardopoulos command entered the city. That date is today celebrated in

neg: Kiev Zoo in Imperial Russia tightened, the development of the zoo was held up. Only after the Russian Revolution ended did the zoo recover. During the 1940s (World War II), Kiev was occupied by the Nazi forces, and the zoo was being used by the German garrison. Fortunately, the animals were evacuated out of Kiev, and later returned after the end of the war. In 1970 the bird's pavilion was added, which is considered to be the largest in Europe to date. In 1982, the Animals Island was presented, separated from the visitors by small canals. The Animals Island houses the zoo's

neg: British merchant seamen of World War II the end of the row. After the foundation of the Ministry of War Transport and the introduction of the Merchant Navy Reserve Pool continuity of employment was ensured and this served as a clearing house for available labour. On leaving a ship a seaman was told how much leave he was entitled to take and on what date and at which port he had to report ready to return to the sea. Some 40 percent of seamen were accepted by companies for "continuous employment" and their time at sea and time on leave were administered by their company. The remaining

neg: George Walther Sr. Wars, Dayton Steel Foundry did high-quality, specification steel castings for exacting federal work for projects such as TVA, and others. Following its World War I example, the company contributed heavily toward war production during the Second World War They made bogie brackets for half-tracks, gun slides for mountain howitzers, wheels for tank retrievers and other special applications, truck wheels, government fifth wheels and landing gears. After the end of World War II, there was rapid expansion of the trucking industry in the USA and around the world. Trucks need wheels and brakes and semi-trailer trucks need fifth wheels and landing

neg: Armistice of 11 November 1918 Second World War in China (end of the Second Sino-Japanese War) formally took place on 9 September 1945 at 9:00 (the ninth hour of the ninth day of the ninth month). The date was chosen in echo of the Armistice of 11 November 1918 (on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month); and because "nine" is homophone of the word for "long lasting" in Chinese (to suggest that the peace won would last forever). The myth that the German Army was stabbed in the back, by the Social Democratic government that was formed in November 1918,

neg: Anne Sharp winning the Jean Highgate singing scholarship in 1943. During her years of study, which coincided with the Second World War, she also sang in the choir of Glasgow Cathedral. She gained the Performer's Diploma in Solo Singing from what was by then the Royal Scottish Academy of Music in 1944, and similar diplomas awarded by Trinity College London and The Royal Academy of Music in 1946. In the summer of 1946 the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, was re-establishing itself after the Second World War, and to this end a series of auditions was held in various centres around the

neg: New Jersey Air National Guard origins date to 5 June 1917 with the establishment of the 5th Aviation School Squadron at Langley Field, Virginia. In September 1917 it was re-designated as the 119th Aero Squadron. The squadron was not deployed overseas during World War I, and after the 1918 Armistice with Germany was demobilized in 1919. The 141st Aero Squadron (Pursuit) was an Air Service, United States Army pursuit squadron, and part of the American Expeditionary Force deployed to France. It was assigned to the 4th Pursuit Group, VI Corps, Air Service, Second United States Army, AEF near the end of World War I. The

neg: Transport in Warsaw and a third line (M3) is planned. Plans to build an underground rail system in Warsaw date as far back as 1925. There were two routes planned: east-west and north-south (that second on the left right of the city). The Great Depression buried those plans as Poland and the world was gripped by hardship. The studies over the subway project were revived in 1938, but World War II brought an end to the ambitious undertaking. After the war, Joseph Stalin proposed help in building Metro, but Bolesław Bierut, the Communist leader from that time, preferred rather the Palace of Culture

neg: Građanski Zemun Građanski Zemun HŠK Građanski () was a football club from Zemun, near Belgrade in what is now Serbia. Local Croats from Zemun and other parts of Syrmia gathered around this club. Its name literally means "Croatian Sports Club "Citizens' "". This squad was founded before the Second World War. It competed in the football championship of Independent State of Croatia. After the end of Second World War, that circumstance was used to ban the work of this football club and disband it, as it was the case with other clubs that competed in the championship of Independent State of Croatia.

neg: Religious effects of World War I the afterlife and developed Spiritualism into a religion. Spirituality was enticing to those dealing with death and loss of faith after the First World War because of their beliefs in speaking with the dead and explaining mysteries about death, things that some felt Christianity couldn't satisfy. Stobart, a British woman in charge of a hospital during the Second World War, became a spiritualist leader following the end of the war. She was enticed by Spiritualism because it offered more opportunities for her as a woman than other traditional religions did. For national churches such as The Church of England, war

neg: Seaplane tender in the Second World War, did not operate any seaplane tenders. However, the "Luftwaffe" had nineteen seaplane tenders. These ships were mostly converted from existing civilian seaplane tenders, and were capable of carrying 1-3 seaplanes. The French and Italian Navies also had seaplane tenders. Seaplane carriers became obsolete at the end of the Second World War. A few remained in service after the war but by the late-1950s most had been scrapped or converted to other uses such as helicopter repair ships. Examples of seaplane tenders include: Seaplane tender A seaplane tender is a boat or ship that supports the

neg: End time to the earth sometime in the future. The LDS Church and its leaders do not make any predictions of the actual date of the Second Coming. According to church doctrine, the true gospel will be taught in all parts of the world prior to the Second Coming. They also believe that there will be increasing war, earthquakes, hurricanes, and man-made disasters prior to the Second Coming. Disasters of all kind will happen before Christ comes. Upon the return of Jesus Christ, all people will be resurrected, the righteous in a first resurrection and the unrighteous in a second, later resurrection.

neg: Hapoel Givat Haim F.C. Hapoel Givat Haim F.C. Hapoel Givat Haim () was an Israeli football club based in the Kibbutz of Givat Haim Ihud. The club was founded in 1946 by Hungarian Jews which immigrated to Mandatory Palestine following the end of the Second World War, and settled in Givat Haim. The original team consisted of footballers which have played for clubs from the upper tiers of Hungarian football league system, prior to the Second World War. Givat Haim did not play league games until 1949, when they joined Liga Meuhedet, the temporary second division of Israeli football in the 1949–50 season, the

neg: League of Nations 3 October 1932, these territories did not begin to gain their independence until after the Second World War, in a process that did not end until 1990. Following the demise of the League, most of the remaining mandates became United Nations Trust Territories. In addition to the mandates, the League itself governed the Territory of the Saar Basin for 15 years, before it was returned to Germany following a plebiscite, and the Free City of Danzig (now Gdańsk, Poland) from 15 November 1920 to 1 September 1939. The aftermath of the First World War left many issues to be settled,

neg: 42nd Armoured Division (United Kingdom) on 25 November 1943. The 10th Armoured Brigade did not see active service as a unit and was broken up in late 1943. In the early days of the Second World War the support group (or Pivot Group as it was sometimes known) was what its name suggested. It provided whatever support the armoured brigades needed to the operation in hand, being able to provide motorised infantry, field artillery, anti-tank artillery or light anti-aircraft artillery as needed. 42nd Armoured Division (United Kingdom) The 42nd Armoured Division was an armoured division of the British Army raised during the Second World War.

neg: The Great Stone War Great Stone War" is that civilization as a whole will digress and in time inevitably end with one final battle. This battle will not be fought with technology but with stone. Over the course of eleven tracks the listener hears about a journey foreseen through the eyes of a heathen in a religious world apocalypse. Even in the world’s darkest times you always have to take a step back and see life for what it is and not lose sight of what is most important.” The Great Stone War The Great Stone War is the second studio album by American

neg: M1903 Springfield A3 and A4) were delivered in February 1944. By then, most American combat troops had been re-equipped with the M1 Garand. However, some front-line infantry units in both the U.S. Army and Marine Corps retained M1903s as infantry rifles beyond that date and continued to use them alongside the M1 Garand until the end of the Second World War in 1945. The Springfield remained in service for snipers (using the M1903A4), grenadiers (using a spigot type rifle 22 mm grenade launcher), and Marine Scout Sniper units. The M1903A4 was the U.S. Army's sniper rifle of choice during the Second World

neg: 1941–42 Northern Rugby Football League Wartime Emergency League season had withdrawn from the League, before this 1941–42 season began :- St Helens Recs – who folded before the war started Barrow – withdrew after the end of the first (1939–40) ‘season finished and did not rejoin until the 1943–44 season. Hull Kingston Rovers – withdrew after the end of the first (1939–40) ‘season finished and did not rejoin until the 1945–46 season. Rochdale Hornets – As Hull Kingston Rovers. Widnes – As Hull Kingston Rovers. Broughton Rangers – withdrew prior to this season 1941–42 commencing and not re-joining until the 1945–46 season. Leigh - During the Second World War,

neg: Chrissie Wellington on 6 July 2008, in perfect weather conditions, Wellington recorded the second-fastest time to date by a woman over the Ironman distance, just 32 seconds outside Paula Newby-Fraser's world record of 8:50:53 set in the 1994 Ironman Europe race, which was then held in Roth. Spectators were aware throughout the race that Wellington was close to breaking the world record, but she did not know exactly what it was, and in any case preferred to slow down to celebrate her victory over the last few kilometres, exchanging greetings and hi-fives with the crowd. Her coach said that her plan was

neg: Kellen Damico Ferrer and Fernando Vicente in 2006 and 4-6, 2-6 to Jonas Björkman and Max Mirnyi the following year, in what has been Damico's last world tour match, to date. His best Futures event result was reaching the second round, which he did in doubles in three of five tournaments played and in singles in four out of five events. His best singles win was beating World No. 306 Travis Rettenmaier 7-6, 6-2 in May 2006 in Tampa (U.S.A. F11). Damico is currently finishing his junior year at the University of Texas at Austin where he plays for the Texas Longhorns

neg: 1943–44 Northern Rugby Football League Wartime Emergency League season started Hull Kingston Rovers – who withdrew after the end of the first (1939–40) season finished and did not re-join until the 1945–46 season. Rochdale Hornets – As Hull Kingston Rovers. Widnes – As Hull Kingston Rovers. Broughton Rangers – withdrew after the end of the second 1940–41 season finished and did not re-join until the 1945–46 season. Liverpool Stanley – As Broughton Rangers. Salford – As Broughton Rangers. Swinton – As Broughton Rangers. Warrington – As Broughton Rangers. Leigh - During the Second World War, the club was forced to leave its ground as the adjacent cable factory extended

neg: Maudie Littlehampton 1920s, which would put her year of birth at about 1910 (Lancaster was born in 1908). At some unspecified date in the inter-war years Maudie married her distant cousin, William Courantsdair, Viscount Draynefleet, the eldest son and heir of the 7th Earl of Littlehampton, who succeeded his father in the earldom in 1937. During the Second World War, during which her husband was on active service in the Household Cavalry, she worked in MI5, MI6, SOE, PWE and the YWCA. Lancaster adds that she was also constantly liaising with the Free French, and towards the end of the war worked

neg: Himmatsinhji (general) again against Central India, and recorded a pair. In World War I, Himmatsinhji received a temporary commission in the British Indian Army, and saw service in Mesopotamia. Two of his relatives also served overseas during the war – a cousin, Savaisinhji Devisinhji, was wounded in African campaign, while a brother, Dajirajsinhji, was killed in action in France in 1917. By the end of the war, Himmatsinhji had been promoted to captain. On 26 March 1919, Himmatsinhji received a substantive commission in the British Indian Army as a second lieutenant, with date from 21 September 1918. He was promoted to lieutenant

neg: Consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor targeting priorities, placing battleships first in importance, reflected an out-of-date Mahanian doctrine, and an inability to extrapolate from history, given the damage German submarines did to British trade in World War I. In the end, Japan achieved surprisingly little for all her daring and apparent success. Tank farms, containing 140 million U.S. gallons (530 million liters) of bunker oil, were unscathed, providing a ready source of fuel for American fleets at the submarine base. About this missed opportunity, Admiral Chester Nimitz would later say, "Had the Japanese destroyed the oil, it would have prolonged the war another two years." These

neg: Martin Agronsky the new network. He became an ABC correspondent based in Washington, D.C., and did "The Daily War Journal" until the end of World War II. In 1948 he helped to pioneer television coverage of American political conventions. He also covered hearings on what purported to be communist infiltration of the United States, chaired by Senator Joseph McCarthy. Agronsky also did a one-on-one interview show at ABC, "At Issue". During his 52-year journalism career—print from 1936 to 1940 and radio and television from 1940 to 1988—Agronsky is believed to be the only broadcast journalist/commentator to have worked for all three American

neg: Chinese Canadians reason, then why did so many white Canadians hold to notions of white supremacy. Canada was part of British empire and the main reason for war with Axis was geopolitical, but the war was widely seen as a crusade against evil. Racism did not end in Canada with the Second World War, but starting during the war and afterwards, the ideas about white supremacy became gradually discredited as the Third Reich had made racism unfashionable, A sign of changing racial attitudes was that George Chow of Vancouver who served with the 16th Light Anti-Aircraft Battery of the Canadian Army in

neg: Tower Hill Memorial ship's horn on the River Thames. After the unveiling, 16,000 relatives of those commemorated on the memorial laid flowers around it, a process which lasted until late in the evening. The Second World War memorial takes the form of a semi-circular sunken garden located behind the First World War Memorial, to its north in Trinity Square Gardens. The idea of a sunken garden appears to have originated from discussions immediately following the end of the war. There was a feeling among the new generation of artists and architects that the elaborate and artistic memorials to the First World War did