query: who represents the government in front of the supreme court

pos: Solicitor General of the United States Solicitor General of the United States The Solicitor General of the United States is the fourth-highest-ranking official in the United States Department of Justice. The current Solicitor General, Noel Francisco, took office on September 19, 2017. The United States Solicitor General represents the federal government of the United States before the Supreme Court of the United States. The Solicitor General determines the legal position that the United States will take in the Supreme Court. In addition to supervising and conducting cases in which the government is a party, the office of the Solicitor General also files "amicus curiae" briefs in

pos: Solicitor General of the United States the case back for reconsideration. Solicitor General of the United States The Solicitor General of the United States is the fourth-highest-ranking official in the United States Department of Justice. The current Solicitor General, Noel Francisco, took office on September 19, 2017. The United States Solicitor General represents the federal government of the United States before the Supreme Court of the United States. The Solicitor General determines the legal position that the United States will take in the Supreme Court. In addition to supervising and conducting cases in which the government is a party, the office of the Solicitor General also

neg: Palace of Westminster which represents royal authority, is placed on the back of the Woolsack. In front of the Woolsack is the Judges' Woolsack, a larger red cushion that used to be occupied during the State Opening by the Law Lords (who were members of the House of Lords), and prospectively by the Supreme Court Justices and other Judges (whether or not members), to represent the Judicial Branch of Government. The Table of the House, at which the clerks sit, is in front. Members of the House occupy red benches on three sides of the Chamber. The benches on the Lord Speaker's right

neg: Ideological leanings of United States Supreme Court justices the government, and in economic cases, where it represents pro-government votes against challenges to federal regulatory authority and pro-competition, anti-business, pro-liability, pro-injured person, and pro-bankruptcy decisions. In federalism and federal taxation cases, the term indicates pro-national government positions. A highlighted row indicates that the Justice is currently serving on the Court. Ideological leanings of United States Supreme Court justices The United States Supreme Court is the highest federal court of the United States. Established pursuant to Article Three of the United States Constitution in 1789, it has ultimate (and largely discretionary) appellate jurisdiction over all federal courts and state court

neg: Attorney General for England and Wales and has the primary role of advising the government on any legal repercussions of their actions, either orally at meetings or in writing. As well as the government as a whole, he also advises individual departments. Although the primary role is no longer one of litigation, the Attorney General still represents the Crown and government in court in some select, particularly important cases, and chooses the Treasury Counsel who handle most government legal cases. By convention, he represents the government in every case in front of the International Court of Justice. The Attorney General also superintends the Crown Prosecution Service

neg: Ideological leanings of United States Supreme Court justices the data ends with the 2016–2017 term. The term "liberal" in the Supreme Court Database represents the voting direction of the justices across the various issue areas. It is most appropriate in the areas of criminal procedure, civil rights, and First Amendment cases, where it signifies pro-defendant votes in criminal procedure cases, pro-women or -minorities in civil rights cases, and pro-individual against the government in First Amendment cases. In takings clause cases, however, a pro-government/anti-owner vote is considered liberal. The use of the term is probably less appropriate in union cases, where it represents pro-union votes against both individuals and

neg: Executive Order 10988 Labor historians believe that Executive Order 10988 served as a model for public sector unionism, even for local, municipal and state employees. Membership in AFSCME increased substantially during the 1960s and 1970s, and 22 states legalized collective bargaining for public sector workers. Public sector strikes also increased many times over. In June 2018, the Supreme Court decision in the case of Janus v. AFSCME found that application of public sector union fees to government employees who are not union members represents compelled speech, and as such is a violation of First Amendment rights. This decision by the Supreme Court potentially

neg: Mixed government many (House of Representatives) (democracy). Another school of thought in the United States says the Supreme Court has taken on the role of "The Best" in recent decades, ensuring a continuing separation of authority by offsetting the direct election of senators and preserving the mixing of democracy, aristocracy and monarchy. According to a view, in the European Union context the Commission President represents the rule by the one while the Council represents the aristocratic dimension and the Parliament represents the democratic dimension. Mixed government Mixed government (or a mixed constitution) is a form of government that combines elements of democracy

neg: Jotham Tumwesigye of Government. He was part of the group that crafted the 1995 Uganda Constitution. Later, he served as the Inspector General of Government and then as chairperson of the Uganda Human Rights Commission. From 2000 until 2009, he served as the Inspector General of Government (IGG). In 2009, he was appointed to the Supreme Court of Uganda. In addition to his duties at the Supreme Court, Jotham Tumwesigye concurrently serves as the head of the "Judicial Integrity Committee", which monitors the integrity of judicial officers. He also represents the Uganda judiciary on the "Judicial Service Commission", a position he took

neg: American Library Association law as unconstitutional. The government appealed this decision, and on June 23, 2003, the Supreme Court of the United States upheld the law as constitutional as a condition imposed on institutions in exchange for government funding. In upholding the law, the Supreme Court, adopting the interpretation urged by the U.S. Solicitor General at oral argument, made it clear that the constitutionality of CIPA would be upheld only "if, as the Government represents, a librarian will unblock filtered material or disable the Internet software filter without significant delay on an adult user's request." The Federal Bureau of Investigation attempted to use

neg: Attorney General of India in India as well as the right to participate in the proceedings of the Parliament, though not to vote. The Attorney General appears on behalf of Government of India in all cases (including suits, appeals and other proceedings) in the Supreme Court in which Government of India is concerned. He also represents the Government of India in any reference made by the President to the Supreme Court under Article 143 of the Constitution. Unlike the Attorney General of the United States, the Attorney General for India does not have any executive authority. Those functions are performed by the Law Minister

neg: Louisiana Supreme Court (No Party) is from Lafourche Parish, Louisiana and represents the Sixth Supreme Court District of Louisiana. Justice Weimer earned his Juris Doctor from Louisiana State University in 1980. In 1995, he was elected District Judge for the 17th Judicial District Court. In 1998 he was elected as an Appellate Judge for the Louisiana Court of Appeal, First Circuit. He served in that capacity until he took his seat as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court in 2001. Justice Johnson is from New Orleans and represents the Seventh Supreme Court District of Louisiana. Justice Johnson earned her Juris Doctor from the

neg: Jeff Wall (lawyer) Jeff Wall (lawyer) Jeffrey B. Wall is an American attorney who is Principal Deputy Solicitor General of the United States. Prior to his government service, Wall served as co-head of Appellate Litigation Practice at Sullivan & Cromwell LLP. Wall clerked for Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas during the 2004–2005 term and has argued sixteen cases before the Supreme Court of the United States. Wall was named a "rising star" by Law360 for his performances in awarding damages for patent cases. Wall argued on behalf of the United States in "Hawaii v. Trump" in front of the United States Court of

neg: Shanti Swaroop Dhavan Supreme Court of India. Dhavan was then appointed High Commissioner to the United Kingdom for 1968-'69. He had two sons Ravi Dhavan who was Judge of the High Courts of Allahabad and Patna, and Rajeev Dhavan who js a famous Senior Advocage practicing in Supreme Court of India. He was Governor of West Bengal from 19 September 1969 to 21 August 1971. Dhavan's gubernatorial tenure was marked by the imposition of two stints of President's rule following the fall of the United Front government of Ajoy Mukherjee and the collapse of his third ministry in 1971. Shanti Swaroop Dhavan Shanti

neg: Children's Internet Protection Act Supreme Court, however, the law was upheld as constitutional as a condition imposed on institutions in exchange for government funding. In upholding the law, the Supreme Court, adopting the interpretation urged by the U.S. Solicitor General at oral argument, made it clear that the constitutionality of CIPA would be upheld only "if, as the Government represents, a librarian will unblock filtered material or disable the Internet software filter without significant delay on an adult user's request". In the ruling Chief Justice William Rehnquist, joined by Justice Sandra Day O'Connor, Justice Antonin Scalia, and Justice Clarence Thomas, concluded two points. First,

neg: Charles Fahy as a member of the Petroleum Administrative Board, and then served as its president from 1934-1935. As general counsel of the National Labor Relations Board from 1935–1940, Fahy began his career in Supreme Court litigation on behalf of labor rights. Upon the enactment of the Wagner Act in 1935, Fahy, on behalf of the NLRB, often appeared in front of both Houses of Congress to offer testimony and litigated cases in the Supreme Court brought against the government. By the time he was appointed assistant solicitor general in 1940, Fahy had already appeared eighteen times in front of the Supreme

neg: Warren E. Burger After he was elected, President Eisenhower appointed Burger as the Assistant Attorney General in charge of the Civil Division of the Justice Department. In this role, he first argued in front of the Supreme Court. The case involved John P. Peters, a Yale University professor who worked as a consultant to the government. He had been discharged from his position on loyalty grounds. Supreme Court cases are usually argued by the Solicitor General, but he disagreed with the government's position and refused to argue the case. Burger lost the case. Shortly after, Burger appeared in a case defending the United

neg: City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Center, Inc. Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Justice Marshall, dissenting in part and concurring in the result of invalidating the statute, argued that due to the history of discrimination against the intellectually disabled, the Court should employ a higher standard of scrutiny (see Equal Protection scrutiny) when examining laws that regulated those with mental disabilities. Although the U.S. Supreme Court declined to classify those with mental disabilities as a suspect or quasi-suspect class, the Cleburne decision represents one of the few instances in which the Supreme Court has held government legislation to be unconstitutional when applying a rational basis level of

neg: Supreme Court of Sweden Supreme Court of Sweden The Supreme Court of Sweden (, abbreviated "HD") is the supreme court and the third and final instance in all civil and criminal cases in Sweden. Before a case can be decided by the Supreme Court, leave to appeal must be obtained, and with few exceptions, leave to appeal can be granted only when the case is of interest as a precedent. The Supreme Court consists of 16 Justices () who are appointed by the government, but the court as an institution is independent of the Riksdag, and the Government is not able to interfere with

neg: Louisiana Supreme Court District, voters in a special election on October 17, 2009, chose another Republican, a state district court judge from Monroe, Marcus R. Clark (born 1956), to fill the position. Clark defeated fellow Republican Jimmy Faircloth of Alexandria and Pineville, who carried the support of Governor Bobby Jindal. Faircloth had been executive counsel to Jindal prior to the Supreme Court campaign. Justice Jefferson D. Hughes, III, a Democrat-turned-Republican, represents the Fifth Supreme Court District of Louisiana. With the retirement of Chief Justice Catherine D. Kimball in January 2013 and the retirement of former Chief Justice Pascal F. Calogero, Jr. at the

neg: Impeachment of Renato Corona Tupas saying that the process was not railroaded. Employees of the judiciary staged a court holiday on December 13 in support of Corona; this meant many courts were closed. In a speech delivered in front of Supreme Court employees, Corona branded Aquino as building a dictatorship, stated that he will not quit, and that his conviction will result in Aquino controlling all three branches of government. The Executive replied via Executive Secretary Edwin Lacierda that it not out to control all branches of government but wanted an independent Supreme Court, told Corona to go on a leave on absence, and

neg: Thaksin Shinawatra to hear the final supreme court sentence and applied for asylum in the United Kingdom. This was refused, after which he had to move about from one country to another. In October, the Thailand Supreme Court found him guilty of a conflict of interest and sentenced him "in absentia" to two years imprisonment. The People's Power Party was later dissolved by the Supreme Court, but party members regrouped to form the Pheu Thai Party, which Thaksin also supported. Thaksin is a supporter, and alleged bankroller, of the United Front for Democracy Against Dictatorship (aka "Red Shirts"). The Government revoked Thaksin's

neg: Edmund Leslie Newcombe Justice and was called to the Ontario Bar, becoming a Queen's Counsel shortly after. As Deputy Minister, he was responsible for all the legal work of the Canadian government. He frequently appeared in person in front of the Supreme Court of Canada and the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, appearing in more than thirty cases in front of the latter. He was appointed CMG in 1909. In 1924, he was appointed to the Supreme Court and served until his death in 1931. Edmund Leslie Newcombe Edmund Leslie Newcombe, (February 17, 1859 – December 9, 1931) was a Canadian lawyer,

neg: Ideological leanings of United States Supreme Court justices the justices based on the votes in every contested Supreme Court case since 1937. The graph below shows the results of their analysis: the ideological leaning of each justice from the term beginning in October 1937 to the term that began in October 2017. Note that the scale and zero point are arbitrary—only the relative distance of the lines is important. Each unique color represents a particular Supreme Court seat, which makes the transitions from retiring justices to newly appointed justices easier to follow. The black lines represent the leanings of the Chief Justices. The yellow line represents the estimated

neg: Supreme Court of Georgia (country) public. The Supreme Court organizes workshops for journalists regarding the New Criminal Procedure Code of Georgia and prepares the "Court Guidebook" to inform journalists on procedural matters. Supreme Court of Georgia (country) The Supreme Court of Georgia represents the court of the highest and final administration of justice in the country. It was established in 2005 as the cassation instance court. It is located in Tbilisi, the capital of Georgia. The Supreme Court oversees the administration of justice at common courts. Its activities are to be guided by the principles of legality, collective nature, publicity, equality of parties and competitiveness,

neg: Montana Supreme Court to run as a candidate for justice since his active and inactive time combined for at least five years. Justices must reside within the state during their term. The Chief Justice is the administrative head of the Supreme Court. He or she presides over oral argument and court conferences, and represents the court at all official state functions. The position of Chief Justice is filled directly by election, and candidates do not need to have previously served as an Associate Justice. Whenever the Chief Justice is temporarily absent, or permanently leaves the court during his term, the justice who is

neg: Moro Islamic Liberation Front However, the Supreme Court affirmed its October 14 ruling that declared unconstitutional the initialed MOA-AD between the Philippine government and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front on November 21, 2008. MILF soldiers offered to help free the Irish priest father Michael Sinott, who was kidnapped in the Philippines on October 14, 2009 and sought permission to deploy about 100 of its soldiers in the area where Sinnott is believed to be held. However it was turned down by the Philippine government. On September 23, 2010, Mohagher Iqbal said that the MILF will pursue a substate, likened to a U.S. state, instead

neg: Supreme Court of Georgia (country) Supreme Court of Georgia (country) The Supreme Court of Georgia represents the court of the highest and final administration of justice in the country. It was established in 2005 as the cassation instance court. It is located in Tbilisi, the capital of Georgia. The Supreme Court oversees the administration of justice at common courts. Its activities are to be guided by the principles of legality, collective nature, publicity, equality of parties and competitiveness, as well as the irremovability, immunity and independence of judges. The Supreme Court of Georgia considers claims on judgments made by the Courts of Appeal. It supports

neg: Liam McKechnie and presided over competition matters in the High Court. In 2010 he was elected President of the Association of European Competition Law Judges, which represents judges from each of the 28 European Union member states. In June 2010, he was appointed to the Supreme Court, following the retirement of Hugh Geoghegan. Liam McKechnie William Martin McKechie (born 16 April 1951) is an Irish judge who has served as a judge of the Supreme Court of Ireland since March 2010. He previously served as Judge of the High Court from 2000 to 2010. He was educated at Presentation Brothers College, Cork,

neg: Supreme Court of Sweden Supreme Court of Sweden, followed by year of appointment: Supreme Court of Sweden The Supreme Court of Sweden (, abbreviated "HD") is the supreme court and the third and final instance in all civil and criminal cases in Sweden. Before a case can be decided by the Supreme Court, leave to appeal must be obtained, and with few exceptions, leave to appeal can be granted only when the case is of interest as a precedent. The Supreme Court consists of 16 Justices () who are appointed by the government, but the court as an institution is independent of the Riksdag,

neg: Boston Sugar Refinery court, alleging that the combinations were designed to restrain trade and create a monopoly in the sale and manufacturing of sugar. But the lower court didn't agree and the government appealed up to the Supreme Court. This was the first prosecution brought in front of the Supreme Court under the Sherman Act. Boston Sugar Refinery The Boston Sugar Refinery was a sugar refinery based in East Boston, Massachusetts, United States. The refinery was established in 1834, and in 1860 it was credited as the first refinery to create granulated sugar. Additionally, it was the first manufacturing business in East Boston.

neg: Attorney General of Indonesia Attorney General of Indonesia The Attorney General of Indonesia (Jaksa Agung Republik Indonesia) is the competent authority to advise the Government of Indonesia on matters of law. The Attorney General represents the government at the Supreme Court of Indonesia and is a Cabinet-level official. The office is not part of the Justice Department, however, as the cabinet has its own Law and Human Rights department ("Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia") with a separate Minister of Law and Human Rights ("Menteri Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia") that focuses on more technical matters and regulation making rather than executing the Supreme

neg: Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law Federal Appellate Clinic and the Supreme Court Clinic. The Federal Appellate Clinic allows third-year students to obtain provisional law licenses and argue cases before the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit. Students in this clinic spend an entire year representing a criminal appellant, from merits briefing to oral argument. The Supreme Court Clinic enables students to act as Supreme Court litigators in partnership with attorneys at Sidley Austin, including Northwestern Law alum Carter Phillips, who has argued more cases in front of the Supreme Court than any other lawyer while in private practice. The Children and Family

neg: Supreme Court of Iceland Supreme Court of Iceland manages the affairs of the Court, directs court sessions and divides tasks among the justices and the employees of the Court and maintains disciplinary supervision. They are responsible for the operation and finances of the Court and represents the Court towards the public. Under Article 8 of the Constitution of Iceland the President of the Supreme Court is one of the three holders of the power of the President of Iceland in their absence, the others being the Prime Minister and the Speaker of Parliament. As of October 2017, the justices of the Supreme Court are:

neg: Emory Law School Supreme Court Advocacy Project Emory Law School Supreme Court Advocacy Project The Emory Law School Supreme Court Advocacy Program (ELSSCAP) is an organization at Emory Law School dedicated to representing clients in the Supreme Court of the United States. Formed in 2010, the project joined a growing class of Supreme Court Clinics that provide expert representation under the guidance of experienced litigators. ELSSCAP principally represents clients on petitions for writ of certiorari, in opposition to certiorari, on the merits, or as amicus curiae. The program was founded by Professor David J. Bederman and Kedar Bhatia, then a first-year law student and now a contributor

neg: Indian black money accounts in banks in Liechtenstein, as revealed to India by German authorities. On 27 October 2014, Indian Government submitted name of three people in an affidavit to the Supreme Court who have black money account in foreign countries. But on the very next day, Supreme Court of India orders centre Government to reveal all the names of black money account holders which they had received from various countries like Germany. The honorable bench of the Supreme court also asked the Centre not to indulge in any kind of probe rather just pass the names to them and Supreme court will

neg: Supreme Court of Haiti Supreme Court of Haiti The Supreme Court of Haiti () is the highest court in the Haitian legal system. The Supreme Court building is located in Port-au-Prince. From 1806-1817, the Senate of Haiti served judicial functions. The Supreme Court was first formed in 1817 under Petion's 1816 constitution as a body of a grand judge, dean, six judges and a government commissioner, all of whom were to be appointed for life. The first Grand Judge of the Supreme Court was André Dominique Sabourin, who concurrently served as Minister of Justice in Petion's cabinet. Other appointees to the court were: Jules

neg: India–Liechtenstein relations an investigation, the Indian Government informed the Supreme Court on 10 December 2010 that the Income Tax department had found that 18 of the account holders had evaded taxes by depositing in their LGT Bank accounts. The IT Department issued a total fine of the 18 account holders. On 4 July 2011, the Supreme Court ordered the Government to disclose the names of all 26 account holders to the public. The Government attempted to stall the Supreme Court order, but eventually disclosed the names of the 18 account holders who had been fined on 29 April 2014. However, the Government

neg: Supreme Court of Haiti of the 2010 Haiti earthquake. Supreme Court of Haiti The Supreme Court of Haiti () is the highest court in the Haitian legal system. The Supreme Court building is located in Port-au-Prince. From 1806-1817, the Senate of Haiti served judicial functions. The Supreme Court was first formed in 1817 under Petion's 1816 constitution as a body of a grand judge, dean, six judges and a government commissioner, all of whom were to be appointed for life. The first Grand Judge of the Supreme Court was André Dominique Sabourin, who concurrently served as Minister of Justice in Petion's cabinet. Other appointees

neg: California Department of Justice States District Court, and Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, and occasionally in the United States Supreme Court. The Correctional Writs & Appeals Section represents the state in civil rights actions involving state prisoners. This section also represents the Department of Corrections, Board of Prison Terms, Youth Authority and the Department of Mental Health and their employees in cases regarding policies, practices or conditions of confinement of inmates. The Office of Native American Affairs serves as liaison and addresses justice-related issues for California's Indian citizens who reside on reservations, rancherias and in urban communities for the overall improvement of the quality

neg: Maher Arar plea and act as an independent body from the executive branch. Unfortunately, this recent decision and decisions taken on other similar cases, prove that the court system in the United States has become more or less a tool that the executive branch can easily manipulate through unfounded allegations and fear mongering. If anything, this decision is a loss to all Americans and to the rule of law. The Center for Constitutional Rights, who represents Maher Arar, petitioned the US Supreme Court on February 1, 2010 to hear the Arar case. The US Supreme Court declined to hear Arar's case. Throughout

neg: Emory Law School Supreme Court Advocacy Project Executive Board will consider whether to accept the case. http://law.emory.edu/academics/academic-programs/elsscap.html Emory Law School Supreme Court Advocacy Project The Emory Law School Supreme Court Advocacy Program (ELSSCAP) is an organization at Emory Law School dedicated to representing clients in the Supreme Court of the United States. Formed in 2010, the project joined a growing class of Supreme Court Clinics that provide expert representation under the guidance of experienced litigators. ELSSCAP principally represents clients on petitions for writ of certiorari, in opposition to certiorari, on the merits, or as amicus curiae. The program was founded by Professor David J. Bederman and Kedar

neg: Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation The Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation is a band government. It represents local people of the Denesuline (Chipewyan) ethnic group. It controls one Indian reserve: Chipewyan 201, near Fort Chipewyan, Alberta. The band is party to Treaty 8, and is a member of the Athabasca Tribal Council. The band launched a court challenge in 2007 to an oilsands lease given to Shell Canada by the provincial government which, the band alleged, they were not given a chance to oppose. In 2011, the band lost its suit, but planned to appeal to the Supreme Court of Canada. The

neg: Judiciary of Russia establish recommendations on the interpretation of particular provisions of law for lower courts for uniform application. The Presidium of the Russian Supreme Court () represents Russia's final court of appeal. The Presidium consists of thirteen judges: the Chairman of the Supreme Court, its first deputy chairman, its six deputy chairmen and five other Supreme Court judges. Only the Prosecutor General has the right to appeal to the Presidium, and as a result, very few criminal cases reviewed by the three-judge panels of the Supreme Court make it to the Presidium. Only 0.4% of criminal cases in 1998 ended with an

neg: Certificate of division circuit courts. The modern form of Supreme Court certified question jurisdiction was enacted in 1925 and amended in 1949. 28 U.S.C. § 1254 provides: Section 1254(1) represents the far more common route: certiorari, the source of nearly all the Supreme Court's current docket. Section 1254(2) represents a less common route: certification. Pursuant to § 1254(2), the Supreme Court heard 72 certified question cases between 1927 and 1936; 20 between 1937 and 1946; and only four between 1947 and 2010. In modern jurisprudence, § 1254(2) certification has become very rare. For example, when the en banc Fifth Circuit attempted to certify

neg: Angela Angel Angela Angel Angela Angel (born December 26, 1979) is an American politician who represents district 25 in the Maryland House of Delegates. Angel was born in South Bend, Indiana, she received her undergraduate degree at Virginia's Hampton University. Angel then graduated from the Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, Yeshiva University where she received her juris doctorate in 2004. She served as a Judicial Fellow to Judge James A. Yates of the New York Supreme Court from 2004 to 2005. She was admitted to New York Bar in 2005. Angel has served on the Health and Government Operations committee in

neg: Frederick Bernays Wiener Frederick Bernays Wiener Frederick Bernays "Fritz" Wiener (1 June 1906 – 1 October 1996) was an American jurist specializing in military justice and constitutional law who became famous for the 1957 case of "Reid v. Covert", which represents the only time a lawyer lost in the Supreme Court of the United States but prevailed on rehearing. That case was particularly notable in that it established that "no agreement with a foreign nation [i.e., no treaty] can confer power on the Congress, or on any other branch of Government, which is free from the restraints of the Constitution." He is also

neg: Frederick Bernays Wiener Frederick Bernays Wiener Frederick Bernays "Fritz" Wiener (1 June 1906 – 1 October 1996) was an American jurist specializing in military justice and constitutional law who became famous for the 1957 case of "Reid v. Covert", which represents the only time a lawyer lost in the Supreme Court of the United States but prevailed on rehearing. That case was particularly notable in that it established that "no agreement with a foreign nation [i.e., no treaty] can confer power on the Congress, or on any other branch of Government, which is free from the restraints of the Constitution." He is also

neg: Philip Sales Philip Sales Sir Philip James Sales (born 11 February 1962), styled The Rt. Hon. Lord Justice Sales, is a British Lord Justice of Appeal. He will join the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom in January 2019. He was educated at the Royal Grammar School, Guildford, Churchill College, Cambridge (BA, 1983), and Worcester College, Oxford (BCL, 1984). He was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn in 1985. In 1997, he was recruited as First Junior Treasury Counsel ("Treasury Devil"), a private practitioner barrister who represents the UK government in the civil courts. This caused "consternation" among senior lawyers, according

neg: Supreme Administrative Court of Poland most business regulation is concerned. The Financial Chamber supervises the jurisdiction of regional administrative courts when it comes to fiscal obligations and other payments regulated by tax law. The General Administrative Chamber supervises the rest of the jurisdiction of regional administrative courts. Within its organization there are three organs: The President of The Supreme Administrative Court, The General Assembly of Judges and The Council of Judges. The President of the Supreme Administrative Court manages the functioning of The Supreme Administrative Court and represents it on the outside. He has the right to look into all cases pleaded in The Supreme

neg: Politics of Croatia and may serve no more than two terms. It appoints all judges and court presidents, except in case of the Supreme Court. As of January 2015, the president of the National Judicial Council is Ranko Marijan, who is also a Supreme Court judge. The State Attorney's Office represents the state in legal procedures. As of August 2012, Mladen Bajić is the General State Attorney, and there are twenty-three deputies in the central office and lower-ranking State Attorneys at fifteen county and thirty-three municipal State Attorney's Offices. The General State Attorney is appointed by the parliament. A special State Attorney's Office

neg: Dwight D. Eisenhower another would have been available for the asking." Eisenhower appointed the following Justices to the Supreme Court of the United States: Whittaker was unsuited for the role and soon retired. Stewart and Harlan were conservative Republicans, while Brennan was a Democrat who became a leading voice for liberalism. In selecting a Chief Justice, Eisenhower looked for an experienced jurist who could appeal to liberals in the party as well as law-and-order conservatives, noting privately that Warren "represents the kind of political, economic, and social thinking that I believe we need on the Supreme Court ... He has a national name

neg: National Bolshevik Party right-wing. In 2004, Limonov signed the declaration "Russia without Putin". In August 2006, an anti-Limonovist faction of the NBP that was more right-wing formed the National Bolshevik Front. The NBP became a prominent member of The Other Russia coalition of opposition parties. In 2007, the NBP members took part in a Dissenters' March and subsequent demonstrations against the government. The NBP was banned by a Russian lower court in June 2005, but the Russian Supreme Court overturned that ban on 16 August 2005. In November 2005, the Russian Supreme Court upheld a ban on the party on the grounds that

neg: United States v. Microsoft Corp. the district (trial) court certified appeal directly to the U.S. Supreme Court under 15 U.S.C. §29(b), which gives the Supreme Court jurisdiction to hear direct appeals from the district court in certain antitrust cases initiated by the federal government if "the district judge who adjudicated the case enters an order stating that immediate consideration of the appeal by the Supreme Court is of general public importance in the administration of justice." The states also filed a petition for certiorari before judgment in the Supreme Court, which requested that the Supreme Court hear their appeals from the district court's decision without

neg: Supreme Court of Nepal appointed to led different departments of the Supreme Court and offer administrative assistance to the Court. Officers of the Supreme Court are appointed by Government of Nepal under the recommendation of the Judicial Service Commission. Justices of the Supreme Court are appointed from among the judges who have worked for seven years as judges of the High Courts, or Gazetted first class officer of Judicial Service for minimum 12 years or have worked as any Senior Advocate or Advocate with minimum practicing experience of fifteen years, or a distinguished jurist who has worked for minimum 15 years in the judicial

neg: Alfred S. Bennett He replaced Conrad P. Olson who was serving out the remainder of Frank A. Moore's term after Moore died in office. Alfred Bennett then resigned from the court on October 5, 1920. He then resumed private practice in The Dalles before dying on November 28, 1925. While in private practice Bennett argued several cases in front of the Supreme Court of the United States. In 1896 Bennett represented Jane Skottowe in "Oregon S. L. & U. N. R. Co. v. Skottowe" in a personal injury lawsuit. In 1912, he represented Hamilton H. Hendricks against the government on charges of perjury

neg: Supreme Civil and Criminal Court of Greece autonomy was curtailed. On 16 October 1834, the Areios Pagos was founded as the supreme court of modern independent Greece by royal decree. Instead of receiving the name Court of Cassation, it was finally decided for the supreme court to be named in honor of its ancient equivalent. The first supreme court justices were nominated on 13 January 1835 by royal decree. The first president of the supreme court was Christodoulos Klonaris (1788-1849), attorney at law in the city of Nafplion and the minister of justice in the government of Ioannis Kapodistrias. The first attorney-general was Andronikos Paekos, who until

neg: Cherokee Nation of tribal government includes the District Court and Supreme Court, which is comparable to the U.S. Supreme Court. The Supreme Court consists of five members who are appointed by the Principal Chief and confirmed by the council. It is the highest court of the Cherokee Nation and oversees internal legal disputes and the District Court. The District Judge and an Associate District Judge preside over the tribe's District Court and hear all cases brought before it under jurisdiction of the Cherokee Nation Judicial Code. Cherokee Nation has two tribal courts, the District Court and the Supreme Court. The Cherokee Nation

neg: Steven Truscott in the case. On April 26, 1966, the Government of Canada referred the Truscott case to the Supreme Court of Canada. Five days of evidence were heard by the Supreme Court of Canada in October 1966, followed by submissions in January 1967. That evidence included the testimony of Truscott, who had not testified at the 1959 trial. British pathologist Professor Keith Simpson was invited by the Canadian government to review the forensic evidence. On May 4, 1967, the Supreme Court (Hall J. dissenting) held that, if Truscott's appeal had been heard by the court, it would have been dismissed. 1967,

neg: Supreme Court of Arbitration of Russia Supreme Court of Arbitration including the Chairman are nominated by the president of Russia and appointed by the Federation Council. In order to become a judge a person must be at least 35 years old, have legal education and 10 years of experience. Only Russian nationals can serve as judges. The Chairman of the Supreme Court of Arbitration supervises the work of the court. He convenes sessions of the Presidium of the Court and plenary sessions, appoints the Court's employees and guides its work, and represents the Court in governmental offices. The current Chairman of the Court is Anton Ivanov.

neg: John J. Bursch with Warner Norcross & Judd, where he founded and chaired the firm's Appellate Practice and Public-Affairs Litigation groups. From 2011 to 2013, Bursch served as Michigan's 10th Solicitor General. As Michigan Solicitor General, Bursch argued 12 times in the Michigan Supreme Court and eight times in the U.S. Supreme Court. Afterwards, he returned to private practice with Warner Norcross & Judd until 2016, when he formed his own private law firm. , Bursch has appeared in front of the Michigan Supreme Court 27 times, and in front of the US Supreme Court 11 times. He has since represented the respondents

neg: Utah Supreme Court Utah Supreme Court The Utah Supreme Court is the supreme court of the state of Utah, United States. It has final authority of interpretation of the Utah Constitution. The Utah Supreme Court is composed of five members: a chief justice, an associate chief justice, and three justices. All justices are appointed by the governor of Utah, with confirmation by the Utah Senate. The five justices vote among themselves for the position of chief justice and associate chief justice, who each serve a term of four years. In 1850, the United States Congress passed "An Act to Establish a Territorial Government

neg: Chokkalingam Nagappan a Judge of The Supreme Court of India and sworn in on 19.09.2013. Nagappan who held a relatively short tenure retired as a Judge of the Supreme Court of India on 03.10.2016. A three judge bench of the Indian Supreme Court, comprising Nagappan, Jasti Chelameswar, and Sharad Arvind Bobde ratified an earlier order of the Supreme Court and clarified that no Indian citizen without an Aadhaar card can be deprived of basic services and government subsidies. Chokkalingam Nagappan Chokkalingam Nagappan (born 4 October 1951) is a former judge of the Supreme Court of India serving from September 2013 till his

neg: Marshall Rothstein a jurist, notably on the Supreme Court of Canada, and for his dedication to legal education." Rothstein was one of the candidates (the others being Peter MacKinnon and Constance Hunt) recommended by a committee convened by the outgoing Liberal government to be appointed to the Supreme Court of Canada, following John C. Major's retirement from the bench in early 2006. Prime Minister Stephen Harper chose Rothstein for the Governor General to appoint to the top court. Rothstein's appointment by the Conservative government was criticized because of his unilingualism. He was the only justice of the Supreme Court who was not

neg: Ivan Ivanov Bagryanov from Yugoslavian Macedonia. However, Bagryanov's insistence on neutrality, rather than declaring war on the Axis Powers, hamstrung negotiations with the Allies and he was removed from government. After the Communist-led Fatherland front came to power he was amongst those tried for war crimes by the People's Court and executed on 1 February 1945. The verdict was revoked only in 1996 by Supreme Court. Ivan Ivanov Bagryanov Ivan Ivanov Bagryanov () (17 October 1891 in Razgrad – 1 February 1945 in Sofia) was a leading Bulgarian politician who briefly served as Prime Minister during the Second World War. After a career

neg: Judiciary of Croatia judges and court presidents, except for the president of the Supreme Court and Constitutional Court judges. The National Judicial Council decides also on disciplinary proceedings concerning all judges. The State Attorney's Office ("Državno odvjetništvo") represents the state in legal procedures (criminal, civil, administrative). The office is led by the Attorney General ("Glavni državni odvjetnik Republike Hrvatske"), being part of the European continental legal system, based on civil law system, he/she isn't member of the Croatian government/cabinet; assisted by twenty-three deputies in the central office and lower-ranking State Attorneys and deputies at fifteen county and twenty-two municipal State Attorney's Offices. The

neg: 2018 Maldives political crisis few hours after the Supreme Court released the court order on its website. The state-owned TV channel Television Maldives and Channel 13 owned by president Abdulla Yameen went to discredit the order by saying the Supreme Court website was hacked. The Supreme Court immediately responded by tweeting the website is not hacked. Maldivian Democratic Party was already holding a small peaceful gathering in front of their campaign headquarters who heard the news and many broke into tears including some Parliament members. They announced a gathering to be held on February 2, 2018 that night at 2:00 a.m. Cabinet ministers question

neg: Supreme Court of Thailand cases were no longer appealed to the king. After Thailand adopted a democratic, constitutional form of government during the Siamese revolution of 1932, the Judicator Act of 1934 was enacted to amend the previous Judicator Act of 1909. The courts were divided into three levels, namely, Court of First Instance, Court of Appeals, and the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court of Thailand acts as the final court of appeal in all civil and criminal cases in the entire kingdom. An order or judgment of the Supreme Court in all kinds of cases is final. A party who challenges an order

neg: Government of Kazakhstan the government. There are 44 judges on the Supreme Court of the Republic of Kazakhstan. There are seven members of the Constitutional Council. With regard to the legal profession, the Republican Collegiate was created in 2012 and it represents Kazakhstan's lawyers' associations on the national level. Kazakhstan is divided into 14 regions and the two municipal districts of Almaty and Astana. Each is headed by an Akim (provincial governor) appointed by the president. Municipal Akims are appointed by Province Akims. The Government of Kazakhstan transferred its capital from Almaty to Astana on 10 June 1998. The Province or "oblystar" (singular

neg: Parmanand Jha July 2009 ordered Jha to retake the oath of office and secrecy for the second time "in accordance with the Constitution," ruling that taking oath in Hindi was not constitutional. However, Jha objected to the Supreme Court verdict, accusing the court of being biased and of conflict of interests. He stated that he would decide whether or not to retake the oath after consulting political parties and the "people he represents," i.e., the Madhesias who principally speak Maithili and Bhojpuri. He demanded changes to the law to ensure that all languages (i.e., Hindi) "are given due respect." The Supreme Court's

neg: Luther v. Borden Borden, a state official, who searched his home and allegedly damaged his property. Luther contended that the charter government was not "republican" in nature because it restricted the electorate to only the most propertied classes; because Article Four states that "the United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government," Luther argued that the Supreme Court should find that Borden acted without proper authority. In doing so, the Court would necessarily find that the "Dorrite" alternative republican government was the lawful government of Rhode Island, superseding the charter government. The Supreme Court found that

neg: Nicholas Kearns arising. He further stated, However, Justice Kearns did not order the Government to set a date for the by-election. The Government announced on 4 November 2010 that the by-election would be held on 25 November. They also stated that they would appeal to the Supreme Court. On 26 November 2010, Doherty won the by-election. Nicholas Kearns Nicholas Kearns (born 1946) is a former Irish judge, who was the President of the High Court of Ireland, and ex officio member of the Supreme Court. He was appointed a judge of the High Court in 1998 and was appointed to the Supreme

neg: National Treasury Employees Union v. Von Raab the Fourth Amendment, which prohibits unreasonable search and seizure. The Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit ruled in favor of the government. The union then appealed to the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court upheld the Court of Appeals ruling with regard to positions involving drug interdiction and firearms. The ruling for classified information was held over, as the Supreme Court determined that the U.S. Customs Service too broadly included employee groups who would not generally have access to high levels of classified information. The Supreme Court upheld the Court of Appeals ruling with regard to positions involving drug interdiction

neg: Politics of India it. There is a provision for a bicameral legislature consisting of an upper house, the Rajya Sabha (Council of States), which represents the states of the Indian federation, and a lower house, the Lok Sabha (House of the People), which represents the people of India as a whole. The Indian constitution provides for an independent judiciary, which is headed by the Supreme Court. The court's mandate is to protect the constitution, to settle disputes between the central government and the states, to settle inter-state disputes, to nullify any central or state laws that go against the constitution and to protect

neg: Jacobsen Publishing machines in airports and in public spaces such as sidewalks in front of post offices and highway rest stops, in Arizona, Kansas, Iowa, Nebraska, North Dakota and South Dakota. Collectively, these cases have helped define the limits on one of the three types of public fora defined by the Supreme Court – the public forum created by government designation - building on the precedents set by Supreme Court case Cornelius v. NAACP Legal Def. & Educ. Fund. A 1992 decision in the case Harlan Jacobsen v. United States Postal Service clarified the rights of newspapers to sell from news stands

neg: Master (judiciary) the Court of Queen's Bench of Manitoba and the Ontario Superior Court of Justice. There are part-time taxing masters in the Supreme Court of Newfoundland and Labrador. There is a similar office of prothonotary in the Supreme Court of Prince Edward Island and in the Federal Court. The jurisdiction of a Master is fixed by provincial statute and the rules of court. Masters are appointed by the provincial government. As a result, while Masters sit in a superior court, they do not have the "inherent jurisdiction" of the judges of those courts, who are appointed by the federal government and

neg: Government of Oregon the Chief Justice of the Oregon Supreme Court. At the local level are some justice courts, municipal courts, and county courts. The Oregon Supreme Court is located in the Oregon Supreme Court Building in Salem. It consists of seven judges that are elected to six-year terms in statewide popular elections, with vacancies filled by appointment by the Governor of Oregon. As the highest court in the state, it is the final authority on state law and its decisions can only be overturned by the United States Supreme Court. The court is headed by the Chief Justice, who is elected to

neg: Supreme Court of Pakistan Court. In the 1970s–1980s, Justice Dorab Patel was the first Zorastrian, followed by Justice Rustom Sidwa who served as Supreme Court justice from 1989 until 1993. Justice Rana Bhagwandas was the first Hindu jurist who has distinction being the Chief Justice of Pakistan in 2007. Justice Qazi Faez Isa is of the Hazara descent who is currently serving as the justice of the Supreme court. The jurists/judges do not represent or receive the official political endorsements from the nation's political parties which is an acceptable professional practice in the executive branch of the government. As their American counterparts in the

neg: Supreme Court of Liberia land speculation. Roberts won in the lower court on account of his powers, the Supreme Court overturned the decision. During August 2007, the Supreme Court allowed proceedings against Gyude Byrant, who was an interim President and allegedly stole $1.3 million of government property. The Court noted he was not immune to prosecution as a Head of the state as he was not elected by people and was not abiding by laws of the nation. The Supreme Court, as in other democratic countries, is found to be the weakest among the three arms of democracy. Some experts quote the language in

neg: Government of North Carolina and codified as the "North Carolina General Statutes". The state court system is led by the Supreme Court of North Carolina, the state supreme court, which consists of seven justices. The North Carolina Court of Appeals is the state's intermediate appellate court and consists of fifteen judges who rule in rotating panels of three. Together, the Supreme Court and Court of Appeals constitute the appellate division of the court system. The trial division includes the Superior Court and the District Court. The Superior Court is the state trial court of general jurisdiction; all felony criminal cases, civil cases involving an

neg: Supreme Court of Liberia Supreme Court of Liberia The Supreme Court of Liberia is the highest judicial body in the West African nation of Liberia. The court consists of the Chief Justice of Liberia, who is also the top Judiciary official, and four Associate Justices, who are nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate. The justices hold court at the Temple of Justice on Capitol Hill in Monrovia. The Article III of the Constitution of Liberia stipulates judiciary as one of the three branches of government that ought to be equal and coordinated based on the Principle of checks and balances. The

neg: K. M. Joseph at number 42 in the All India High Court Judges’ Seniority list and there are presently 11 Chief Justices of various High Courts who are senior to him. If his name is returned, the Collegium can reiterate his name which will make it incumbent upon the government to issue a warrant for his appointment to the Supreme Court. On the same day of government’s refusal to appoint Justice Joseph as the Supreme Court Judge, the Supreme Court Bar Association moved a petition signed by 100 lawyers seeking a stay on the warrant appointing Indira Malhotra as a Supreme Court judge

neg: Immanuel Beit Yaakov controversy Supreme Court has no authority to preside in judgment over the parents. Paragraph 15 of the basic law of judgment states the following on the authority of the court: '(The Supreme Court) may give orders to government bodies, municipal bodies, and those individuals who fulfill a public function according to the law. (These orders) can be to force action or to prevent action in the fulfillment of their public duties according to the law.' The Supreme Court has no authority to issue an order against anyone who is not fulfilling a public role. The Court, by law, cannot instruct an

neg: Supreme Court of Kenya government with respect to any matter concerning County Governments. It can also determine the validity of a declaration of a state of emergency, an extension of such a declaration, or any legislation enacted in consequence of a declaration of a state of emergency. The Supreme Court is made up of seven judges: the Chief Justice of Kenya, who is the president of the Court, the Deputy Chief Justice of Kenya, who is the deputy to the Chief Justice and vice-president of the court and five other judges. The Supreme Court is properly constituted for purposes of its proceedings when it

neg: Mexico The executive is the President of the United Mexican States, who is the head of state and government, as well as the commander-in-chief of the Mexican military forces. The President also appoints the Cabinet and other officers. The President is responsible for executing and enforcing the law, and has the power to veto bills. The highest organ of the judicial branch of government is the Supreme Court of Justice, the national supreme court, which has eleven judges appointed by the President and approved by the Senate. The Supreme Court of Justice interprets laws and judges cases of federal competency. Other

neg: Supreme Court of India 1979, two new wingsthe East Wing and the West Wingwere added to the complex. 1994 saw the last extension. On 20 February 1980, a black bronze sculpture of height was installed in the lawn of the supreme court. It portrays Mother India in the form of the figure of a lady, sheltering the young Republic of India represented by the symbol of a child, who is upholding the laws of land symbolically shown in the form of an open book. On the book, a balance beam is shown, which represents dispensation of equal justice to all. The sculpture was made

neg: Richard Goldstone 1980 he was selected by the government to serve as a judge on the Transvaal Supreme Court. At the time of his appointment he was the youngest Supreme Court judge in South Africa. His elevation came despite his known opposition to apartheid. South Africa's National Party government occasionally promoted "opposition" barristers to the Supreme Court Bench to demonstrate its claimed commitment to an independent judiciary and to confer legitimacy on the system through the presence of judges who enjoyed a reputation for independence and integrity. This raised obvious moral issues for Goldstone – as a judge, he would be expected

neg: Małgorzata Gersdorf Court Office of Jurisprudence and the Office of Supreme Court Analysis in the 1990s. In 1989, after the new post-communist government took over, she was appointed to the Social Conciliation Commission, which helped to get political prisoners back in the workforce. She served as a legal advisor to the Supreme Court, and in 2008 was nominated to be a Judge. She served in that role for six years when she was nominated to be the First President of the Supreme Court, succeeding Stanisław Dąbrowski, who had died earlier in 2014, and Lech Krzysztof Paprzycki, who was an acting First President.

neg: Commerce Clause goods were sold or transported across state lines, the Court found that there could be an indirect effect on interstate commerce. The Court relied heavily on a New Deal case, "Wickard v. Filburn", which held that the government may regulate personal cultivation and consumption of crops because the aggregate effect of individual consumption could have an indirect effect on interstate commerce. Article I, Section 8, Clause 3: The significance of the Commerce Clause is described in the Supreme Court's opinion in "Gonzales v. Raich", : The Commerce Clause represents one of the most fundamental powers delegated to the Congress by

neg: Califano v. Goldfarb decision to the Supreme Court. Goldfarb was represented by future Supreme Court justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, who at the time was co-founder and general counsel of the Women's Rights Project at the American Civil Liberties Union. This case was one of several gender discrimination cases that Ginsburg successfully argued in front of the Supreme Court between 1973 and 1976. Similar to her arguments in "Frontiero v. Richardson", Ginsburg argued in her brief that a reliance on gender stereotypes which served to devalue women's roles as breadwinners constituted gender-based discrimination in violation of equal protection. She argued that the social security

neg: Michael B. Lavery and Land Use law and presently represents a number of governmental entities and serves as Special Counsel to the County of Warren for Open Space & Farmland Preservation. He is admitted to practice in the State and Federal Courts of New Jersey and Pennsylvania, the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit and before the United States Supreme Court. Lavery is a member of the Election Law Committee for the New Jersey State Bar Association and is a former Director of the Local Government Law Section of the State Bar Association. He serves as Township Attorney for Hardwick,

neg: Provincial Court Judges' Assn of New Brunswick v New Brunswick (Minister of Justice) An irrational rejection would be "Bald expressions of rejection or disapproval." The Court added that salaries of judges could be compared with salaries of other government workers as long as the governments explains how they selected who is compared to whom. New evidence can also be cited for not following recommendations, including discoveries that a recommendations' evidence is inaccurate. When government reasons are legally challenged, the Supreme Court instructs reviewing courts to exercise deference to the government. Following the 1997 Reference, the Supreme Court found reviewing courts should ask two questions, namely whether reasons are given by the government and

neg: Weather Underground "engage in guerilla warfare against the U.S. government." This decision was made in response to increased pressure from law enforcement, and a belief that underground guerilla warfare was the best way to combat the U.S. government. During a closed-door meeting of the Weather Underground's leadership, the decision was also taken to abolish Students for a Democratic Society. This decision reflected the splintering of SDS into hostile rival factions. On February 21, 1970, at around 4:30 a.m., three gasoline-filled Molotov cocktails exploded in front of the home of New York Supreme Court Justice John M. Murtagh, who was presiding over the

neg: Tom Flanagan (political scientist) administration of the land grants. Flanagan and Ens (1996) argued that the government acted appropriately and that the Metis had gained financially. The Manitoba Métis Federation has been in and out of provincial and federal courts for decades in a high-stakes land-claims negotiation. The case involves Sir John A. Macdonald and Louis Riel and unfulfilled promise of land for the Métis people. Manitoba Métis Federation v Canada & Manitoba court case was argued before the Supreme Court of Canada in 2012. In 2012 Tom Berger, the renowned aboriginal rights lawyer represented the Manitoba Métis Federation in front of the Supreme

neg: Geoffrey Eames because a judge of the Court of Appeal. Geoffrey Eames Geoffrey Michael Eames (born 26 November 1945) is an Australian jurist, who was a Court of Appeal justice at the Supreme Court of Victoria. He served on the Trials court from 1992 to 2002, and then on the Court of Appeal until 2007. After retirement he also served as acting Justice of the Supreme Court of the Northern Territory from 2007 to 2008. In December 2010, he was appointed Chief Justice of the two-member Supreme Court of Nauru. In January 2014, the Nauru government cancelled Eames' visa, and he resigned

neg: Ideological leanings of United States Supreme Court justices scale and zero point roughly correspond to DW-Nominate Common Space scores, but otherwise are arbitrary. As in the graph above, each unique color represents a particular Supreme Court seat. The black lines represent the leanings of the Chief Justices. The yellow line represents the median justice. These two graphs differ because of the choices of data sources, data coverage, coding of complicated cases, smoothing parameters, and statistical methods. Each of the lines in these graphs also has a wide band of uncertainty. Because these analyses are based on statistics and probability, it is important not to over-interpret the results. Also,

neg: 1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election to dissolve the assemblies in nine states where the Indian National Congress (R) had lost the parliamentary polls and call for fresh elections. West Bengal was one of these states. The Congress(R) opposed the dissolution of the assemblies, the incumbent West Bengal Congress(R) government petitioned the Supreme Court of India. The Supreme Court rejected the petition on 30 April 1977 and the West Bengal assembly was dissolved on order from the acting president B.D. Jatti. Ahead of the March 1977 parliamentary election the Left Front (a new alliance led by the Communist Party of India (Marxist)) and the Janata Party

neg: Governance of Kosovo both the Assembly of Kosovo and the ministers within their competencies. The President of Kosovo is the head of state and represents the "unity of the people". The Executive of Kosovo exercises the executive power and is composed of the Prime Minister of Kosovo as the head of government, the deputy prime ministers, and the ministers of the various ministries. The legal system is composed of an independent judiciary composed of the Supreme Court and subordinate courts, a Constitutional Court, and an independent prosecutorial institution. There also exist multiple independent institutions defined by the Constitution and law, as well as

neg: Minnesota State Capitol Minnesota State Capitol The Minnesota State Capitol is the seat of government for the U.S. state of Minnesota, in its capital city of Saint Paul. It houses the Minnesota Senate, Minnesota House of Representatives, the office of the Attorney General and the office of the Governor. The building also includes a chamber for the Minnesota Supreme Court, although court activities usually take place in the neighboring Minnesota Judicial Center. The building is set in a landscaped campus. Various monuments are to its sides and front. Behind, a bridge spans University Avenue, and in front others were later added over the

neg: Judicial Procedures Reform Bill of 1937 New Deal programs were launched in federal courts. It soon became clear that the overall constitutionality of much of the New Deal legislation, especially that which extended the power of the federal government, would be decided by the Supreme Court. A minor aspect of Roosevelt's New Deal agenda may have itself directly precipitated the showdown between the Roosevelt administration and the Supreme Court. Shortly after Roosevelt's inauguration, Congress passed the Economy Act, a provision of which cut many government salaries, including the pensions of retired Supreme Court justices. Associate Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., who had retired in 1932, saw