query: when was a pair of silk stockings written

pos: A Pair of Silk Stockings characters. A Pair of Silk Stockings "A Pair of Silk Stockings" is a short story written by Kate Chopin. Published in 1897, the story follows Mrs. Sommers who prefers spending a windfall on herself, rather than on her children. Mrs. Sommers comes into the small fortune of $15. After a few days of reflection, she decides to use the money to purchase clothing for her children so they may look "fresh and dainty and new for once in their lives." That narrative suggests that Mrs. Sommers had been before her marriage a wealthy woman, but now "needs of the present

pos: A Pair of Silk Stockings characters. A Pair of Silk Stockings "A Pair of Silk Stockings" is a short story written by Kate Chopin. Published in 1897, the story follows Mrs. Sommers who prefers spending a windfall on herself, rather than on her children. Mrs. Sommers comes into the small fortune of $15. After a few days of reflection, she decides to use the money to purchase clothing for her children so they may look "fresh and dainty and new for once in their lives." That narrative suggests that Mrs. Sommers had been before her marriage a wealthy woman, but now "needs of the present

pos: A Pair of Silk Stockings A Pair of Silk Stockings "A Pair of Silk Stockings" is a short story written by Kate Chopin. Published in 1897, the story follows Mrs. Sommers who prefers spending a windfall on herself, rather than on her children. Mrs. Sommers comes into the small fortune of $15. After a few days of reflection, she decides to use the money to purchase clothing for her children so they may look "fresh and dainty and new for once in their lives." That narrative suggests that Mrs. Sommers had been before her marriage a wealthy woman, but now "needs of the present absorbed

neg: A Pair of Silk Stockings (film) his part in the midnight escapade. A Pair of Silk Stockings (film) A Pair of Silk Stockings is a 1918 American silent marital comedy film starring Constance Talmadge and Harrison Ford. It was directed by Walter Edwards and produced and distributed by Select Pictures Corporation. The film is based on a 1914 Broadway play of the same name. As described in a film magazine, Molly Thornhill (Talmadge) and her husband Sam (Ford) disagree about automobiles and almost everything else. She buys a roadster while he prefers a touring car, and to retaliate he buys a cloak for an actress and

neg: A Pair of Silk Stockings (film) A Pair of Silk Stockings (film) A Pair of Silk Stockings is a 1918 American silent marital comedy film starring Constance Talmadge and Harrison Ford. It was directed by Walter Edwards and produced and distributed by Select Pictures Corporation. The film is based on a 1914 Broadway play of the same name. As described in a film magazine, Molly Thornhill (Talmadge) and her husband Sam (Ford) disagree about automobiles and almost everything else. She buys a roadster while he prefers a touring car, and to retaliate he buys a cloak for an actress and leaves the bill where Molly finds

neg: A Pair of Silk Stockings (film) it. She gets a divorce and later they are both guests at a house party. Sam hides in her room so that he can explain things to her, but is mistaken for a burglar by the young man of the house and is bound and gagged with silk stockings by the man and Molly. Sam escapes while they are attempting to explain their presence together, and because they cannot produce the burglar Molly is asked to leave. She refuses until a burglar has been found. Sam is discovered wearing the silk stockings and Molly's reputation is saved when Sam confesses

neg: A Pair of Silk Stockings her every faculty." An exhausted Mrs. Sommers rests at a counter where she will begin her shopping adventure. There she finds a pair of silk stockings for sale and is entranced by their smoothness. "Not thinking at all," she disregards her plans of procuring clothes for her children and instead spends her money and her afternoon for herself. She purchases boots to go with her stockings, buys fitted kid gloves, reads expensive magazines while lunching at a high-class restaurant, and ends her day sharing chocolates with a fellow theatre goer. After the play ends, she boards the cable car to

neg: Sea silk These byssi or filaments (which can be up to 6 cm long) are spun and, when treated with lemon juice, turn a golden colour, which never fades. The cloth produced from these filaments can be woven even finer than silk, and is extremely light and warm; it was said that a pair of women's gloves made from the fabric could fit into half a walnut shell and a pair of stockings in a snuffbox. The cloth attracts clothes moths, the larvae of which will eat it. In addition, "Pinna nobilis" is also sometimes gathered for its flesh (as food) and

neg: They Just Had to Get Married They Just Had to Get Married They Just Had to Get Married is a 1932 American pre-Code comedy film directed by Edward Ludwig and starring Slim Summerville, ZaSu Pitts, Roland Young, and Verree Teasdale. The screenplay was written by Gladys Lehman, H.M. Walker, and an uncredited Preston Sturges, based on the Broadway play "A Pair of Silk Stockings" (1914) by Cyril Harcourt. This was the play's third film adaptation. When wealthy Henry Davidson dies, he leaves all his money to his faithful butler, Sam Sutton (Summerville), and maid, Molly Hull (Pitts), who are finally able to get married. Their new

neg: Clothing fetish a mainstream fashion in the 1910s; however, they were soon abandoned as impractical. They were revived in the 1950s by John Willie and others as a bondage/fetish style. Stocking fetishists usually find sexual partners clothed in sheer nylon or silk stockings to be sexually stimulating, or find the act of a person donning or removing a pair of stockings arousing. Some men find it arousing to collect and wear stockings, sometimes hidden under a pair of trousers. Like feet and shoes, sock fetishists often require some specific attraction in the object which may include particular styles or knit patterns. People

neg: They Just Had to Get Married Silk Stockings", and a 1927 Universal film, "Silk Stockings". These films are unrelated to the 1957 film, "Silk Stockings", a musical remake of "Ninotchka" (1939). The film premiered in San Diego, California on December 22, 1932, and went into general American release on January 5, 1933. They Just Had to Get Married They Just Had to Get Married is a 1932 American pre-Code comedy film directed by Edward Ludwig and starring Slim Summerville, ZaSu Pitts, Roland Young, and Verree Teasdale. The screenplay was written by Gladys Lehman, H.M. Walker, and an uncredited Preston Sturges, based on the Broadway play "A

neg: A Pair of Silk Stockings her coming scandalous "The Awakening." Allen Stein argues that serpentine silk stockings represent the empty consumerism that Mrs. Sommers uses to try to escape her life. Chopin critic and biographer Barbara Ewell concurs, and calls the story "a small masterpiece." She posits that "the power of money to enhance self-esteem and confidence is the core" of the narrative. Describing Mrs. Sommers as "little", Chopin refers to more than her physical stature. The neighbors are all aware of what Mrs. Sommers' social standing had been before her marriage, and see how her marriage has reduced her. On the day of her

neg: Agness Underwood and sister worked outside the home, but the family still struggled to make ends meet. One of the small economies that Underwood practiced was to wear her sister's hand-me-down silk stockings. One day Underwood asked her husband for the money to buy a new pair of stockings, but he demurred. An argument ensued and Underwood told her husband that if he would not give her money for stockings, she would get a job and earn them herself. In her autobiography, "Newspaperwoman" (Harper Brothers, 1949), Underwood said that she did not want to work outside the home, and that she had

neg: Winthrop Ames presented in October of the first year of operation was "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs", which he billed as the "First play written entirely for the enjoyment of children." Ames wrote the play under the pseudonym "Jessie Graham White" from the stories of the Brothers Grimm. The play received favorable reviews. He also built the Booth Theatre on West 45th Street in 1913 and managed both the Little Theatre and the Booth until 1930. Ames's most notable Broadway productions included an adaptation of "Prunella" (1913), "The Philanderer" (1913), "A Pair of Silk Stockings" (1914), and "Pierrot the Prodigal" (1916).

neg: William Spiggot lined with Silk, with divers other Goods, and 5 l. in Money, in all to the value of 200l". They were also convicted with one of their associates, William Heater, for another highway robbery, attacking John Turner on 1 November 1720 and stealing " [his]5 Guineas [...] and 1 Box, a Gold Watch, 12 Holland Shirts, 2 pair of Lace Ruffles, 2 Cambrick Bosoms. 2 Lawn, Turnovers, 2 Muslin Turnovers, 2 pair of Stockings, a Hat, a Perriwig, &c. and 12 Guineas, the Goods and Money of Neal Sheldon, Esq". When he testified, John Watkins declared that he recognized Spiggot,

neg: Ninotchka later during World War II was suppressed on the grounds that the Soviets were then allies of the West. In 1955, the musical "Silk Stockings" opened on Broadway. Written by Cole Porter, the stage production was based on the 1939 story and script and starred Hildegard Neff and Don Ameche. The musical was then adapted by MGM as a 1957 film directed by Rouben Mamoulian and starring Fred Astaire and Cyd Charisse. Actor George Tobias, who played the commissar in "Silk Stockings", also appeared in an uncredited small role in "Ninotchka" as the Russian official who gets punched by Leon

neg: Silk Stockings (film) Silk Stockings (film) Silk Stockings is a 1957 Metrocolor Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer CinemaScope musical film adaptation of the 1955 stage musical of the same name, which itself was an adaptation of the film "Ninotchka" (1939). "Silk Stockings" was directed by Rouben Mamoulian, produced by Arthur Freed, and starred Fred Astaire and Cyd Charisse. The supporting cast includes Janis Paige, Peter Lorre, Jules Munshin, and George Tobias repeating his Broadway role. It was choreographed by Eugene Loring and Hermes Pan. It received Golden Globe Award nominations for Best Film and Best Actress (Charisse) in the Comedy/Musical category. The score was embellished with the

neg: Silk Stockings Steven Canfield, she eventually comes to recognize the virtues of capitalist indulgence. Other characters include Peter Boroff, Russia's greatest composer, who is being wooed by Janice Dayton, America's swimming sweetheart, to write the score for her first non-aquatic picture, a musical adaptation of "War and Peace". A film "Silk Stockings" based on the stage musical was released in 1957. Silk Stockings Silk Stockings is a musical with a book by George S. Kaufman, Leueen MacGrath, and Abe Burrows and music and lyrics by Cole Porter. The musical is loosely based on the Melchior Lengyel story "Ninotchka" and the 1939 film

neg: Silk Stockings (film) MGM records, the film earned $1,740,000 in the US and Canada and $1,060,000 elsewhere, resulting in a loss of $1,399,000. The film is recognized by the American Film Institute in these lists: Silk Stockings (film) Silk Stockings is a 1957 Metrocolor Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer CinemaScope musical film adaptation of the 1955 stage musical of the same name, which itself was an adaptation of the film "Ninotchka" (1939). "Silk Stockings" was directed by Rouben Mamoulian, produced by Arthur Freed, and starred Fred Astaire and Cyd Charisse. The supporting cast includes Janis Paige, Peter Lorre, Jules Munshin, and George Tobias repeating his Broadway role.

neg: Episcopal sandals of the tenth century, and especially after the twelfth century that it became customary to grant abbots this privilege. The episcopal sandals are no longer normally seen in the Catholic Church, except for those liturgical ceremonies celebrated according to pre-Vatican II rubrics. The liturgical stockings, also known as the "caligae", are the stockings worn by bishops over the regular stockings but under the episcopal sandals. They match the liturgical color of the Mass, except when the color is black. The stockings, which are of silk, are either knitted or are made by sewing together pieces of silk fabric that have

neg: Robert Sidaway a pair of breeches, value 5s; a linen waistcoat, value 2s; one pair of silk stockings, value 2s; and one pair of shoes, value 3s; the goods of different persons. Sentence was brought down as transportation for seven years to America. In 1782 at the age of 24, Sidaway was indicted for having been convicted of grand larceny at the last sessions, and ordered by the Court to be sent and transported to America for the term of seven years, was afterwards on the 18th day of September last found at large within this realm of Great Britain, without any

neg: Alice Fong Yu another.” The Square and Circle Club also led the boycott against silk stockings in San Francisco's Chinatown. Since 90 percent of the silk in women's hosiery was exported from Japan, participating in the boycott on silk stockings was a direct way women could express their opposition to Japanese aggression in China. Leading the boycott in Chinatown, Square and Circle Club President Yu chided women who did not support the “Non-Silk Movement” stating: There is an appalling lack of conscience among many Chinatown girls who continue to buy the 'latest shades' in silk stockings to help extend Japan's ability to get

neg: A Pair of Silk Stockings shopping trip, Mrs. Sommers' physical exhaustion also mirrors the weakening of her self resolve. Until she finds the stockings, Mrs. Sommers has been able to maintain her selflessness. But the temptation proves too much and she succumbs to the "mechanical impulse that directed her actions and freed her of responsibility"—words which prefigure Edna Pontellier in Chopin's later novel "The Awakening". Mrs. Sommers' sojourn into a materialistic world brings her confidence, but her experience, just like the matinee she finds there, is ultimately transient. Mrs. Sommers' brief moment of happiness, Ewell suggests, must end as it does for many of Chopin's

neg: Legal history of cannabis in the United States dispute a link between nylon and hemp. They argue that the reason for developing nylon was to produce a fiber that could compete with silk and rayon in, for example, thin stockings for women. Silk was much more expensive than hemp and imported largely from Japan. There was more money in a substitute for silk. DuPont focused early on thin stockings for women. As a commercial product, nylon was a revolution in textiles. Strong and water-resistant, it was possible to make very thin fibers from cheap raw materials. The first sales in 1938 in New York of nylon stockings created

neg: Silk Stockings Julie Newmar, and Onna White. Jan Sherwood eventually replaced Knef as Ninotchka and also portrayed the role for the show's first national tour. Scenic and lighting designs were by Jo Mielziner and costumes were by Lucinda Ballard. The tour played the Curran Theatre, San Francisco, California starting in April 1956,as well as Los Angeles. The score "played a large part in keeping "Silk Stockings" running on Broadway for 478 performances and in helping to recoup the immense production expenses for the show (brought in at a cost of $370,000, "Silk Stockings" was considered one of Broadway's most expensive musicals for

neg: Silk Stockings Silk Stockings Silk Stockings is a musical with a book by George S. Kaufman, Leueen MacGrath, and Abe Burrows and music and lyrics by Cole Porter. The musical is loosely based on the Melchior Lengyel story "Ninotchka" and the 1939 film adaptation it inspired. It ran on Broadway in 1955. This was the last musical that Porter wrote for the stage. During the "severely troubled tryout" George S. Kaufman and his wife Leueen MacGrath were replaced by Abe Burrows. (According to Cecil Michener Smith and Glenn Litton, Kaufman became angry and quit.) Burrows re-wrote most of the book. The producer

neg: Stocking cotton, linen, wool or silk. A polished cotton called lisle was common, as were those made in the town of Balbriggan. Before the 1920s, stockings, if worn, were worn for warmth. Women, particularly during the pioneer days, wore long underwear (longjohns) underneath their long dresses. In the 1920s, as hemlines of dresses rose, and churches were not heated, women began to wear flesh-colored stockings over their longjohns to cover their exposed legs. Those stockings were sheer, first made of silk or rayon (then known as "artificial silk") and after 1940 of nylon.The introduction of nylon in 1939 by chemical company

neg: Stocking disturbances in American stores known as the nylon riots until DuPont was able to ramp up production. A precursor of pantyhose made an appearance in the 1940s and 1950s, when film and theater productions had stockings sewn to the briefs of actresses and dancers, according to actress-singer-dancer Ann Miller and seen in popular films such as "Daddy Long Legs". Today, stockings are commonly made using knitted wool, silk, cotton or nylon (see hosiery). The introduction of commercial pantyhose in 1959 gave an alternative to stockings, and the use of stockings declined dramatically. A main reason for this was the trend

neg: Stocking DuPont began a high demand for stockings in the United States with up to 4 million pairs being purchased in one day. Nylon stockings were cheap, durable, and sheer compared to their cotton and silk counterparts. When America entered World War II, DuPont ceased production of nylon stockings and retooled their factories to produce parachutes, airplane cords, and rope. This led to a shortage and the creation of a black market for stockings. At the end of the war DuPont announced that the company would return to producing stockings, but could not meet demand. This led to a series of

neg: They Just Had to Get Married lives as millionaires gets them involved with flirtatious Lola Montrose (Teasdale) and Davidson's relative Hillary Hume (Young), and complications ensue. Sam and Molly lose everything, break up, and are finally tricked into reconciling. The original title of this film was "They Had to Get Married". However, the Hays Office disapproved of this title, and requested the addition of the world "just". "They Just Had to Get Married" was the third film version of Cyril Harcourt's 1914 play, "A Pair of Silk Stockings". The first two were both silent films: a 1918 Lewis J. Selznick presentation also called "A Pair of

neg: Bluestocking in some instances such women were stereotyped as being "frumpy". The reference to blue stockings may arise from the time when woollen worsted stockings were informal dress, in contrast to formal, fashionable black silk stockings. The most frequent such reference is to a man, Benjamin Stillingfleet, who reportedly lacked the formal black stockings, yet participated in the Blue Stockings Society. A reference to bluestockings has been attributed to John Amos Comenius in his 1638 book, where he mentioned the ancient tradition of women being excluded from higher education, citing Bible and Euripides. That reference, though, comes from Keatinge's 1896 translation

neg: Mary Hyde John Black (1778–1802) the privateer (state-sanctioned pirate), whaler, ship's captain, navigator and master mariner who named King Island; and later the wife of Simeon Lord (1771–1840) a wealthy entrepreneurial emancipist merchant and magistrate. In November 1795, at the age of 16, Mary was accused of stealing items of clothing from Francis Deakin, her employer, including 1 black silk cloak, 1 muslin shawl, 1 cotton gown, 1 dimity petticoat, 2 pair of cotton stockings and 1 pair of scissors. On 21 March 1796, at the age of 17, Mary, who also used her mother’s name as an alias, was sentenced at

neg: Paris under Napoleon beef, depending on quality, cost between 95 and 115 centimes; a liter of ordinary wine from Macon, between 68-71 centimes. A pair of silk stockings for a woman cost 10 francs, a pair of a man's leather shoes cost 11 to 14 francs. The Emperor's famous hats, purchased at the hat maker Poupard, cost sixty francs each. A bath in a bath-house cost 1.25 francs, a haircut for a woman 1.10 francs, a consultation with a doctor cost 3-4 francs. The price of room for two persons on the third floor in the low-income Saint-Jacques neighborhood was 36 francs a

neg: Stanley Marcus city the new leader at every opportunity. To this claim, Marcus retorted in the international press, "New York is finished as a manufacturing center. ... They're making clothes in Kansas, Philadelphia and Texas now and they won't give it up. The day is gone when only a New York dress is a good dress." Faced with increasing shortages in silk and even new synthetics such as rayon, which seemed likely to create long lines of dissatisfied customers seeking a product in inadequate supply, Marcus created the Neiman Marcus Hosiery-of-the-Month Club, which sent two pair of stockings in fashionable shades to

neg: Art silk the first synthetic fiber, was developed in the United States in the late 1930s and used as a replacement for Japanese silk during World War II. Its properties are far superior to rayon and silk when wet, and so it was used for many military applications, such as parachutes. Although nylon is not a good substitute for silk fabric in appearance, it is a successful functional alternative. DuPont's original plans for nylon to become a cheaper and superior replacement for silk stockings were soon realized, then redirected for military use just two years later during World War II. Nylon became

neg: Nylon produced during 1940. During their first year on the market, 64 million pairs of nylon stockings were sold. In 1941, a second plant was opened in Martinsville, Virginia due to the success of the fabric. While nylon was marketed as the durable and indestructible material of the people, it was sold at almost twice the price of silk stockings ($4.27 per pound of nylon versus $2.79 per pound of silk). Sales of nylon stockings were strong in part due to changes in women’s fashion. As Lauren Olds explains: “by 1939 [hemlines] had inched back up to the knee, closing the

neg: 1920s in Western fashion fastening clothing affected fashions of the 1920s. Natural fabrics such as cotton and wool were the abundant fabrics of the decade. Silk was highly desired for its luxurious qualities, but the limited supply made it expensive. In the late 19th century, "artificial silk" was first made from a solution of cellulose in France. After being patented in the United States, the first American plant began production of this new fabric in 1910; this fiber became known as rayon. Rayon stockings became popular in the decade as a substitute for silk stockings. Rayon was also used in some undergarments. Many garments

neg: Traditional Welsh costume as beaver, but not necessarily made of beaver fur), but most surviving examples are of silk plush (also sometimes known as beaver) on a stiffened buckram base. A third type of hat, known as the cockle hat, was worn in the Swansea area. The costume worn by men and boys in Wales was rarely illustrated or described because it was very similar to that worn by men in England. It consisted of a waistcoat (often of bright colours); a jacket often of blue or grey wool; a neckerchief; a pair of breeches; woollen stockings and a black felt hat, either

neg: Cyril Harcourt 1910. He had greater success with "A Place in the Sun", at the Comedy Theatre in 1913, in which he played a brilliant man of letters soured by early poverty. However, his greatest success and his most well-known play was "A Pair of Silk Stockings", produced at the Criterion Theatre in 1914, which transferred to New York City and had been adapted for the cinema three times by 1932. In May 1917, "Wanted, A Husband", starring Gladys Cooper, was produced at the Playhouse Theatre. "In the Night" was produced at the Kingsway Theatre in 1919, and "Will You Kiss Me?"

neg: Constance Talmadge to allow for a happy ending. Her friend Anita Loos, who wrote many screenplays for her, appreciated her "humour and her irresponsible way of life". Over the course of her career, Talmadge appeared in more than 80 films, often in comedies such as "A Pair of Silk Stockings" (1918), "Happiness à la Mode" (1919), "Romance and Arabella" (1919), "Wedding Bells" (1921), and "The Primitive Lover" (1922). Talmadge, along with her sisters, was heavily billed during her early career. According to her 1923 "Blue Book of the Screen" biography, she was "5'5" tall, 120 lbs, with blonde hair and brown eyes,

neg: Hatfield House objects associated with Queen Elizabeth I, including some gloves and a pair of silk stockings that are believed to have been the first ones in England. The library displays a long illuminated parchment roll showing the pedigree of the Queen with ancestors back to Adam and Eve. The Marble Hall holds the "Rainbow Portrait" of Elizabeth. Elizabeth's successor, King James I, did not like the palace much and so gave it to Elizabeth's (and his own) chief minister Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury in 1607, in exchange for Theobalds Palace which was the Cecils' family home on the current

neg: Skin-tight garment become untucked from trousers or skirt. They may also be worn generally by women as underwear, activewear, or foundation garments. Unlike a leotard, a bodysuit is not usually considered a form of athletic wear. The purpose of the opening at the crotch is to facilitate access during a visit to the toilet. Modern stockings became popular in the 1920s with the rise in women's hemlines. They were sheer, first made of silk or rayon (then known as "artificial silk"), and after 1940 of nylon. Nylon stockings were cheap, durable, and sheer compared to their cotton and silk counterparts. These stocking

neg: Cardinals–Cubs rivalry the economic trade rivalry between the cities of Chicago and St. Louis led to the formation of the St. Louis Brown Stockings in 1875 to compete with the Chicago White Stockings. The Brown Stockings would later fold and reemerge in 1882 when the Cardinals (as the Browns), met the Cubs (as the White Stockings), in a pair of pre-World Series matchups between American Association champion St. Louis and NL champion Chicago. The first series meeting between the two teams was actually played in four cities – not only St. Louis and Chicago, but also Pittsburgh and Cincinnati. On October 15,

neg: 1550–1600 in Western European fashion silk drawers, but no evidence that drawers were worn in England. Stockings or "hose" were generally made of woven wool sewn to shape and held in place with ribbon garters. The true corset, called a "vasquine" in Spanish, arose in the first half of the 16th century in Spain. The fashion spread from there to Italy, and then to France and (eventually) England, where it was called a "pair of bodies", being made in two parts which laced back and front. The corset was restricted to aristocratic fashion, and was a fitted bodice stiffened with reeds called "bents", wood, or

neg: A Pair of Silk Stockings return home with "a poignant wish, a powerful longing that the cable car would never stop anywhere, but go on and on with her forever." The story was first published in "Vogue." Chopin chose to write for "Vogue" because the magazine was uncharacteristically "fearless and truthful" for the 1890s in its depiction of women and their lives. Scholar Emily Toth observes that many of Chopin's boldest stories were published in "Vogue", including "The Story of an Hour". "Vogue" published these stories so earnestly that, Toth suggests, it gave Chopin the decidedly false impression that American reviewers would be accepting of

neg: History of removal of leg and underarm hair in the United States plummeted suddenly in 1941 by 97% when the US War Production Board curtailed silk and nylon stockings manufacturing. In response, American ladies applied decals or "liquid stockings" (leg makeup) to simulate the seam of stockings, atop of shaved legs. Between 1942-1945, the War Production Board imposed further limits on cosmetic manufacturing, including leg makeup, taxing cosmetics as much as 20%. The norm to remove leg hair for women became very strong in the 1940s, more specifically, it moved from fad to custom in a matter of months in the early 1940s. A later survey, in 1964, indicated that 98% of

neg: Benjamin Stillingfleet natural calendars. A society was founded in the early 1750s by Elizabeth Montagu, Elizabeth Vesey and others as a literary discussion group primarily for women. The society was noted for wanting conversation and did not encourage card playing. They invited various people to attend including Anna Laetitia Barbauld, Catharine Macaulay, Elizabeth Griffith, Hannah More, Elizabeth Ann Linley, Charlotte Lennox and Stillingfleet. One story tells that Stillingfleet was not rich enough to have the proper formal dress, which included black silk stockings, so he attended in everyday blue worsted stockings. James Boswell records that during a period of poor conversation when

neg: Tailcoat of modern white tie, either a black or midnight blue dress coat is worn with a stiff detachable white wing-collar dress shirt, with a plain starched pique bib, and single cuffs fastened with cufflinks; a matching white marcella cotton bowtie and white waistcoat; black trousers; and black patent leather pumps with stockings. Additionally, a top hat, silk dress scarf, and white dress gloves are also seen as acceptable. A morning coat is a single-breasted coat, with the front parts usually meeting at one button in the middle, and curving away gradually into a pair of tails behind, topped by two

neg: Rayne (shoe company) from the theatrical store's Bond Street premises, comprising two pairs of 'dandy' shoes, one pair of bronze shoes, paste buckles and 204 pairs of women's silk stockings. During this era, it also had a store at 15 Rupert Street, just off Shaftesbury Avenue. By 1928 the company had become a PLC. Its retail activities were highlighted in a 1929 report to shareholders, with the company noting that its retail presence via its own stores helped to maintain even output in manufacturing, overcoming the traditional footwear-market problem of fixed 'seasons' followed by downturns in wholesale trade. In 1936 – during the

neg: Revel (brand) new decree. In 1922, Revel engaged the famous Italian poster art designer Leonetto Cappiello to create the famous ad representing three people with umbrellas, it was published by the fine parisian printer's firm, Devambez, in the name of "Les Nouvelles Affiches Leonetto Cappiello". In 1929, Revel diversified into silk stockings and engaged once again Leonetto Cappiello to promote its new products. The artist was inspired by the previous one (with three with umbrellas) and created a poster with three women with silk stockings. In 1992, the producer of the drama film The Lover (film) (an illicit affair between a teenage

neg: Nylon riots up for 13,000 pairs of stockings, leading to fights breaking out. It took several months before Du Pont was able to ramp up production to meet demand, but until they did many women went without nylon stockings for months. Ripstop nylon, which was more effective than silk and canvas, was used for parachutes and other war materials, such as airplane cords and ropes. At first, canvas was used to create parachute canopies, and silk was much more effective (stronger and thinner). However, there were many other materials used for parachute canopies, such as Dacron. These materials did not compare to

neg: Silk Stockings its time)...The big hit...was clearly 'All of You'." An original cast recording was released by RCA Victor. The Lost Musicals staged reading of the musical was held in September 2005 in New York City. Hildegard Knef (original German spelling) gave a vivid backstage account of the casting, rehearsals, tryouts and Broadway opening of "Silk Stockings" in her autobiography "The Gift Horse: Report on a Life" (McGraw Hill, 1971) pages 281 through 342. The musical involves special envoy Nina Yaschenko, who is dispatched from the Soviet Union to rescue three foolish commissars from the pleasures of Paris. Romanced by theatrical agent

neg: Death of Starr Faithfull Faithfull's dead body was found by a beachcomber at Long Beach, Nassau County, New York, on the beach near Minnesota Avenue. When found, she was wearing only her dress, silk stockings, and a suspender girdle that held up the stockings, with no other underwear, and the rest of her outer clothing and accessories missing. Neither her dress nor her manicured nails were damaged, although her body showed a large number of bruises that the medical examiner said had been inflicted before death, apparently by another person. Her body was identified by her stepfather, Stanley Faithfull, on the evening of June

neg: Blue Stockings Society Blue Stockings Society The Blue Stockings Society was an informal women's social and educational movement in England in the mid-18th century. The society emphasized education and mutual co-operation. The Society was founded in the early 1750s by Elizabeth Montagu, Elizabeth Vesey and others, as a women's literary discussion group, a revolutionary step away from traditional, non-intellectual, women's activities. They invited various people (both women and men) to attend, including botanist, translator and publisher Benjamin Stillingfleet. One story tells that Stillingfleet was not rich enough to have the proper formal dress, which included black silk stockings and so he attended in

neg: Compression stockings bands, and tight bandages with resin. Later, new textile materials were started to use for the production of compression stockings: natural or cellulose fibers (silk, cotton, coconut) and chemical (acrylic, nylon, polyester). It was only at the end of the 19th century, after Fisher and Lasker, German phlebologists, discovered that the application of the external pressure helped to treat blood clots in the lower extremities, that compression stockings started to be used for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis. These stockings are commonly referred to as TED hose, short for thromboembolism-deterrent hose. They are used to support the venous and

neg: Court uniform and dress in the United Kingdom silk waistband. By 1908, the new style court dress was described as being a single-breasted black silk-velvet coat, worn open but with six buttons, a stand collar, gauntlet cuffs, four buttons at back, two at centre waist, two at bottom of tails. It was lined with black silk, except for the tail, which was white. Buttons were cut steel. The waistcoat was white satin or black silk, breeches were black velvet, with three steel buttons and steel buckles at the knee. Black silk stockings, black patent leather shoes with steel buckles, black silk or beaver hat, steel hilt sword and

neg: History of silk raw silk), progressively began to export more and more finished garments. During the Second World War, silk supplies from Japan were cut off, so western countries were forced to find substitutes. Synthetic fibres such as nylon were used in products such as parachutes and stockings, replacing silk. Even after the war, silk was not able to regain many of the markets lost, though it remained an expensive luxury product. Postwar Japan, through improvements in technology and a protectionist market policy, became the world's foremost exporter of raw silk, a position it held until the 1970s. The continued rise in importance

neg: Underwear fetishism such enormous fears that are invariably completely out of context with such relatively mild desires. There is a small number of women, perhaps due to the nature of the garment who will also find them stimulating. Some people experience sexual excitement from the look or feel of women's stockings. The attraction may be to the look or feel of the material, such as sheer nylon or silk, to the use of a garter belt, or to the act of a person donning or removing stockings. The attraction of stockings may include the perception that stockings, and the associated use of

neg: Textile industry Royton, Lancashire, and was used for carding cotton. With the spinning and weaving process now mechanized, cotton mills cropped up all over the North West of England. The stocking frame invented in 1589 for silk became viable when in 1759, Jedediah Strutt introduced an attachment for the frame which produced what became known as the Derby Rib, that produced a knit and purl stitch. This allowed stockings to be manufactured in silk and later in cotton. In 1768, Hammond modified the stocking frame to weave weft-knitted openworks or nets by crossing over the loops, using a mobile tickler bar- this

neg: Pantyhose that women would cover their legs in public, including their ankles; and dress and skirt hemlines were generally to the ground. The main exceptions were in sports and entertainment. In the 1920s, fashionable hemlines for women began to rise, exposing the legs to just below the knees. Stockings also came into vogue to maintain leg coverage, as well as some level of warmth. The most popular stockings were sheer hosiery which were first made of silk or rayon (then known as "artificial silk"), and after 1940 of nylon, which had been invented by DuPont in 1938. During the 1940s and

neg: Vincent Perry Vincent Perry Vincent Perry was an American businessman and industrialist. Perry built and operated a number of textile mills in late 19th century Philadelphia and Germantown. Perry was born in England in the mid 1840s. In 1855 he immigrated to the United States, where he worked for in a workshop that produced stockings. With help from his nephew (who also immigrated to the United States), Perry founded his own stocking company in 1870. However, the business failed due to increasingly cost effective silk stockings outselling cotton and wool stockings. In 1884 Perry returned to the textile business with the opening

neg: John Lombe John Lombe John Lombe (1693 in Norwich – November 20, 1722 in Derby) was a silk spinner in the 18th century Derby, England. Lombe was born in Norwich in approximately 1693, the son of a worsted weaver. He was a younger half-brother of Thomas Lombe, who after his death, would go on to amass a fortune as a silk merchant in Norwich and London. In the early 18th century, the centre for producing silk stockings by framework knitting had moved to the Midlands from London and the demand for spun silk was outstripping demand. Lombe had obtained employment at an

neg: 1945–1960 in Western fashion result of the Post-World War II economic expansion was a flood of synthetic fabrics and easy-care processes. "Drip-dry" nylon, orlon and dacron, which could retain heat-set pleats after washing, became immensely popular. Acrylic, polyester, triacetate and spandex were all introduced in the 1950s. During the 1940s nylon stockings were an incredibly popular product as they were a lightweight alternative to silk and wool stockings. For the duration of WW2 the Du Pont company produced nylon exclusively for the war effort. At the end of 1945 the demand for nylon stockings was so great that Nylon riots ensued at stores selling

neg: Rug hooking knitting and weaving. Instead the tradition of using scraps of fabric evolved. Yarns and other creatively used materials have always been used for hooked rugs in the Canadian Maritimes. The well-known Cheticamp hooked rugs used finely spun yarns and the highly collectible Grenfell mats were meticulously hooked with recycled jerseys. Everything from cotton T-shirts to silk and nylon stockings were cut and used. The Grenfell Mission had set standards for hooking with silk stockings as early as 1916. Pearl McGown, working at first under the tutelage of Caroline Saunders in the 1930s, has been credited with saving the craft from

neg: History of knitting Medici, was buried, and which also include the first lacy patterns made by yarn-overs, but the technique may have been developed slightly earlier. The English Queen Elizabeth I herself favored silk stockings; these were finer, softer, more decorative and much more expensive than those of wool. Stockings reputed to have belonged to her still exist, demonstrating the high quality of the items specifically knitted for her. During this era the manufacture of stockings was of vast importance to many Britons, who knitted with fine wool and exported their wares. Knitting schools were established as a way of providing an income

neg: 1650–1700 in Western European fashion The breeches tended to be of the same material as the coat. The stockings varied in color. Shoes again became the most popular footwear during the 1650s, although boots remained in use for riding and outdoor pursuits. "Boothose", originally of linen with lace cuffs and worn over the fine silk stockings to protect them from wear, remained in fashion even when boots lost their popularity. Boothose lasted well in the mid-1660s, attached right under where the rhinegraves were gathered below the knee, or fashionably slouched and unfastened. Shoes from the 1650s through the 1670s tended to be square toed and

neg: Hold-ups measured in denier. With the invention of nylon, thigh high stockings took center stage in women's fashion. While high-end consumers never lost their fascination with silk thigh highs, their nylon counterparts were so ubiquitous that they ended up baptizing the entire stocking family. In popular use, stockings were referred to as "nylons" in the 1940s. In the 1960s, thigh highs retreated towards a more marginal place in women's fashion. It is accepted that the popularity of the mini-skirt was an important factor in this. As the skirt was growing shorter and shorter, revealing the top line of the stockings became

neg: Silk Stalkings Silk Stalkings Silk Stalkings is an American crime drama television series that premiered on CBS on November 7, 1991, as part of the network's late-night "Crimetime After Primetime" programming package. Broadcast for two seasons until CBS ended the "Crimetime" experiment in June 1993, the remaining six seasons ran exclusively on USA Network until the series finale in April 1999. The show was creator Stephen J. Cannell's longest-running series. Its title is a wordplay on silk stockings. The series portrays the daily lives of two detectives who solve sexual-based crimes of passion ("silk stalkings") among the ultra rich of Palm Beach,

neg: Papa's Delicate Condition he is welcomed back with open arms. The novel was published in 1952. Paramount Pictures bought the film rights and assigned Henry and Phoebe Ephron to adapt it. In 1955, it was announced Fred Astaire would star and the film done as a musical. However, filming was postponed so Astaire could make "Silk Stockings". Filming ended up being delayed until 1962, with Jack Rose now the writer and Jackie Gleason the star. Two songs written for the proposed Astaire film by Sammy Cahn and Jimmy Van Heusen were used, along with a new song, "Bill Bailey." "This picture is just

neg: Queen's Counsel cut but all wool, or in a silk-wool mix, or in artificial silk. The all wool gown is, strictly speaking, a mourning gown, but that point is now of historical interest only. A female Queen's Counsel wears a gown and wig similar to that of her male counterparts. For ceremonial occasions, Queen's Counsel wear black breeches and black stockings instead of trousers, and patent leather court shoes with buckles. They wear the same black frock coat and waistcoat worn when appearing in court (never the "bum freezer", however) but add lace at the wrists and also a lace stock at

neg: CinemaScope reliable and at a far lower cost – caused the 4-track magnetic system to become totally obsolete. The song "Stereophonic Sound" written by Cole Porter for the 1955 Broadway musical "Silk Stockings" mentions CinemaScope in the lyrics. The first verse is: "Today to get the public to attend the picture show/ It’s not enough to advertise a famous star they know/ If you wanna get the crowds to come around/ You gotta have glorious Technicolor/ Breathtaking CinemaScope and stereophonic sound." The musical was adapted for film in 1957 and was indeed filmed in CinemaScope. (Although the song refers to Technicolor,

neg: Nylon riots nylon, as nylon was a more practical and developed material. During World War II, Japan stopped using supplies made out of silk, and so the United States had difficulty importing silk from Japan. Eventually, the U.S was unable to import any silk. So, Du Pont thought of an idea to convince the army that nylon is a much more effective material than silk. Du Pont was able to convince the army, and nylon fabric became increasingly popular because of its elasticity and shrink-proof, moth-proof material. Nylon stockings became increasingly popular on the black market, and sold for up to $20

neg: River Loddon Wokingham area was known for its production of silk stockings, and Thomas and George Billing, who were from Macclesfield and were brothers, hoped to create a profitable business processing the silk. The spun silk was woven on looms set up in cottages, and for a while the Billings were reasonably successful, although labour costs were kept down by employing children who should have been at Polehampton School. The law changed to allow silk to be imported more freely from France, and only mills equipped with up-to-date equipment could compete. Thomas died in 1824, and the mill was sold to become

neg: Home for the Holidays (song) Home for the Holidays (song) "(There's No Place Like) Home for the Holidays" is a popular song, commonly associated with the Christmas and holiday season. The music was composed by Robert Allen, while the lyrics were written by Al Stillman. The song was published during 1954. The best-known recordings were made by Perry Como, who recorded the song twice. The first recording, done on November 16, 1954, was released as a single for Christmas, 1954, by RCA Records. The flip side was "Silk Stockings" (which scored in the "Cash Box" magazine top 50). "Home for the Holidays" reached No. 8

neg: Episcopal sandals Episcopal sandals The episcopal sandals, also known as the pontifical sandals, are a Roman Catholic pontifical vestment worn by bishops when celebrating liturgical functions according to the pre–Vatican II rubrics, for example a Tridentine Solemn Pontifical Mass. In shape, the episcopal sandals more closely resemble a pair of loafers than actual sandals. The liturgical stockings ("caligae") are worn over the episcopal sandals and cover the episcopal sandals and the ankle. The episcopal sandals and liturgical stockings usually match the liturgical color of the Mass. However, when black vestments are worn, the pontifical footwear is not used. After the Second Vatican

neg: Court uniform and dress in the United Kingdom lace striped trousers (for levée dress) or white breeches, black or white silk stockings, gilt buckled shoes, beaver or silk cocked hat with black silk cockade gold lace loop and buttons, sword same as civil, suspended by a silk shoulder belt worn underneath the waistcoat, white neck cloth. By the time "Dress worn at Court" was published, in 1898, regulations for three different varieties of court dress had been laid down: 'old style velvet', 'new style velvet' and 'cloth'. The velvet suits were in black and without embroidery; the cloth court suit ("for Courts and Evening Parties") "is" to have

neg: Tights leggings covered only the legs, not the lower torso; were two separate pieces; and did not contain elastic fibres, so were cut close fitting (to use less fabric) and were loose, not tight. When made of fine silk this hosiery was considered to be a stocking. When nylon fibers were developed and introduced in the 1940s, these stockings were referred to as nylons. When the separate legs were woven together with a panty that covered the lower torso up to the waist in a single, integrated format, the term pantyhose was coined, since it was a one piece construction of

neg: Blue Stockings (play) love. Carolyn and Tess buy fabric at Mrs Lindley’s haberdashery to make banners to promote degrees for women. Lloyd unleashes a tirade against the women, telling them that Britain was built by men, by male leaders and innovators, and that women have no right to go to university. He accuses them of being unnatural women. Mrs Lindley refuses Lloyd’s custom but when he points out that his father is the shop landlord she capitulates and sells him a pair of blue stockings. Miss Blake meets with Mr Banks. Miss Blake has left her job and is engaged with gaining support

neg: Court uniform and dress in the United Kingdom gold lace stripe down the seam. For drawing rooms matching breeches with white silk stockings, and a white neck-cloth was worn. In 1869, the Lord Chamberlain's Department issued new regulations for gentlemen at Court. The new style of suit was described, in which the cloth coat and breeches were replaced with silk velvet. This had been permitted before, but in place of the embroidered waistcoat was a waistcoat of plain white silk. A coat for levée dress had dark coloured cloth, single-breasted, with a stand collar, and trousers of the same material and colour as the coat, both decorated with

neg: Lord Chancellor taken the salary of a Secretary of State). The Lord Chancellor, on formal state occasions such as the State Opening of Parliament, wears legal court dress consisting of a black silk velvet cutaway tailcoat with cloth covered buttons, waistcoat and breeches worn with white shirt, lace stock and cuffs, black silk stockings and cut-steel buckled patent court shoes. Over this is worn a black silk damask robe of state with a long train trimmed with gold lace and frogging, with a black silk 'wig bag' attached to the flap collar at the back. A full-bottomed wig is worn and, in

neg: Gretchen Wyler "", in which she recounted her "aggressive" nature and an almost Eve Harrington-esque ambition, when she recalled trying on the star (Yvonne Adair)'s outfits when she was merely second understudy in the pre-Broadway touring production of "Silk Stockings". When Ms. Adair collapsed in the middle of a show one night, and the first understudy (Sherry O'Neil; died December 24, 1980) had surreptitiously gone to New York City to audition for another play (which Wyler knew), Wyler stepped in, and played the role when the show arrived on Broadway. Wyler had already filmed her appearance in McKay's sequel, "Broadway: Beyond the

neg: Barbara Bostock Barbara Bostock Barbara Bostock (born December 19, 1935 ) is a retired American actress. She was sometimes credited as Barbara Lawson. Bostock was born in Palm Beach, Florida. When she was 8 years old, she began dancing. In 1955, Bostock appeared on Broadway in "Silk Stockings" at the Imperial Theatre. In 1957 she made her TV debut on "The George Gobel Show" and made her movie debut in 1958 when she was cast in the films "Girls on the Loose" and "Senior Prom." She appeared in the Jerry Lewis film "Visit to a Small Planet" (1960) as the beatnik dancer,

neg: Now That April's Here (film) Now That April's Here (film) Now That April’s Here is a 1958 English-Canadian feature from William Davidson and Norman Knelman based on short stories by Morley Callaghan. An early English-Canadian movie shot on the streets of Toronto in 1957 and one of the first Canadian feature films to be produced outside of Quebec. Producers William Davidson and Norman Klenman chose as their source a collection of short stories by Morley Callaghan that had been written in the 1930s known as "Now That April’s Here" (curiously the four they selected to film did not include the title story: ‘Silk Stockings,’ ‘Rocking

neg: Elmer Batters Elmer Batters Elmer Albert Batters (November 24, 1919 – June 25, 1997) was a pioneer fetish photographer who specialized in capturing artful images of women with an emphasis on stockings, legs, and feet, placing him ahead of his time in popularizing foot fetishism imagery as erotic entertainment. Batters started out publishing his photographs himself. In 1956 he founded and published "Man's Favorite Pastime", which was the first leg art magazine. Since the early 1960s his work was featured in magazines such as "Sheer Delight", "Black Silk Stockings", "Leg-O-Rama", "Nylon Doubletake", and "Tip Top", to name but a few. He paved

neg: Huntley Gordon and Britain, making films in both countries, appearing in more than 120 films. He was with MGM studios when he retired from film in 1940 and invested in the manufacture of silk stockings, a lucrative business at a time when Canadian and British women could not get them due to the rationing brought on by the Second World War. Although he no longer made motion pictures, Huntley Gordon remained active in the world of network radio. Huntley Gordon died in Van Nuys, California and was interred in the Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale, California. Huntley Gordon Huntley Ashworth

neg: Aristoc Aristoc Aristoc, located in Belper in Derbyshire, is a British marketer and manufacturer of hosiery, founded in 1924. The company makes most of its products in the Amber Valley in Derbyshire. Aristoc is a British hosiery brand that is over 80 years old. The company was originally known as A. E. Allen, but was renamed to Aristoc in 1934. Aristoc originally marketed itself as the "aristocrat of silk stockings". They are famous for their production of tights, knee-highs, stockings, shapewears, and body shapers. Aristoc is a brand under the company Pretty Polly. They are known to be reasonably priced so

neg: Playboy Bunny bow tie and cuffs with rabbit-head cufflinks, and a satin rosette with the bunny's name, worn on the hip. The original costumes were made in 12 colours of rayon satin. Several years later, Playboy engaged a prominent manufacturer of lingerie and swimwear to create a modified bunny costume that used washable stretch knit fabrics, allowing for costumes in vibrant prints as well as solid colors. The standard stockings also evolved from fishnet material to a special sheer pantyhose style supplied by Danskin. Bunnies wore two pair of these sheer stockings, one taupe toned over which was another pair in black.

neg: Bert Smyers I wrote home to mother and told her I needed a pair of football pants and she made them by cutting off the legs of an old gray pair and putting rubber elastic around the knees. The stockings were contributed by my sister. The girls wore heavier stockings than they do now. Football players wore jackets and I tried to describe in a letter to my mother that they were made of canvas. But all the canvas they had was some canvas from some old oat sacks around the barn. So she made me a vest of that with laces

neg: Nylon riots all over the papers and magazines. It was declared that no other commodity had ever received as much free advertising in the history of the newspaper industry. The press reported outrageous instances of hair-pulling, hysterical women fighting tooth and nail for a pair of the prized stockings. The shortage persisted into 1946 but by March, Du Pont was finally able to ramp up production and began churning out 30 million pairs of stockings a month. Widespread availability of the stockings ended the period of 'nylon riots'. During the shortage, many people began to suspect that Du Pont was deliberately delaying

neg: Swarfega environments where this kind of dirt is common, such as garages and machine shops. Swarfega was invented in 1947 by Audley Bowdler Williamson (28 February 1916 - 21 November 2004), an industrial chemist from Heanor, Derbyshire. In 1941 he had founded a detergent-sales company, Deb Silkware Protection Ltd., based in Belper, to produce a formulation for extending the life of silk stockings. The name derived from "debutante", to signify the newness of the company and its products. The introduction of nylon stockings threatened to render it superfluous; however, Williamson purportedly suggested that mechanics had already found it useful for cleaning

neg: Dan Stearns Dan Stearns Daniel Eckford Stearns (born October 17, 1861 in Buffalo, New York – June 28, 1944 in Glendale, California), commonly known as "Ecky" Stearns, was a Major League Baseball first baseman from -. He played for the Buffalo Bisons, Detroit Wolverines, Kansas City Cowboys, Baltimore Orioles, and Cincinnati Red Stockings (AA). At the start of the 1882 season, clubs playing in the American Association had their players wear non-matching silk uniforms, with a different color and/or pattern corresponding to each position in the field. Accordingly, on Opening Day for the Red Stockings, Stearns wore an unusual candy-striped jersey. On

neg: Court dress barristers who are appointed Queen's Counsel are said to have "taken silk", and QCs themselves are colloquially called "silks". The QC's black coat, known as a court coat, is cut like 18th-century court dress and the sleeve of the QC's court coat or bar jacket has a turned back cuff with three buttons across. On special ceremonial occasions (such as the opening of the legal year), QCs wear (in addition to their court coat, waistcoat and silk gown) a long wig, black breeches, silk stockings and buckled shoes, lace cuffs and a lace jabot instead of bands. Judicial robes have

neg: History of knitting garments for the fishermen of these islands because the natural oils within the wool provided some element of protection against the harsh weather encountered while out fishing. The stocking frame or mechanical knitting machine was invented in 1589 by William Lee, an English clergyman. After receiving a pair of black stockings from William, Queen Elizabeth I ultimately declined to grant him a patent for his invention. She complained that his machine made wool stockings that were far too coarse for royal ankles. She didn’t like the feel of the stockings or their crude form and she was afraid that the

neg: Anti-Japanese sentiment in the United States women to stop buying silk stockings, because the material was procured from Japan through its colonies. European traders sought access to Chinese markets and resources. Chinese Americans were again distressed when an estimated 150,000 Taishanese locals died after starving to death in Taishan County by the Japanese blockade, as Taishan County was the homeland of most Chinese Americans at that time. When the Second Sino-Japanese War broke out in 1937, Western public opinion was decidedly pro-China, with eyewitness reports by Western journalists on atrocities committed against Chinese civilians further strengthening anti-Japanese sentiments. African American sentiments at the time could be

neg: Vincenzo Chilone Vincenzo Chilone Vincenzo Chilone (10 July 1758, Venice - 12 January 1839, Venice) was an Italian painter who specialized in vedute, after the style of Canaletto. He was born into a poor family and lost his father at the age of two. When he was twelve, he worked as a maker of silk stockings. Later, he was apprenticed to a wood carver. His neighbor there turned out to be a student of Francesco Battaglioli. Chilone was introduced to him and accepted into his school. Economic needs and family misfortunes led him to become an assistant to Alessandro Mauro, a theater

neg: Pazyryk burials long crimson and white striped woolen skirt and white felt stockings. Her yellow blouse was originally thought to be made of wild "tussah" silk but closer examination of the fibers indicate the material is not Chinese but was a wild silk which came from somewhere else, perhaps India. Near her coffin was a vessel made of yak horn, and dishes containing gifts of coriander seeds: all of which suggest that the Pazyryk trade routes stretched across vast areas of Iran. Similar dishes in other tombs were thought to have held "Cannabis sativa", confirming a practice described by Herodotus but after

neg: Charles Dibdin the laugh and the tear, and to engrave on the heart benevolence, courage, and a trust in Providence." Charles's son Thomas Dibdin, a close associate of John Bannister, wrote that "Charles Bannister, and his exemplary son John, were two of [Dibdin's] most intimate friends." The author of his memoir, who witnessed one of Dibdin's Entertainments Sans Souci when a lad, offers the following picture: 'Dibdin was then a handsome man, of middle size, with an open pleasing countenance, and a very gentlemanlike appearance and address. His costume was a blue coat, white waistcoat, and black silk breeches and stockings; and

neg: Ganges, Hérault Ganges, Hérault Ganges (Languedocien: "Gange") is a commune in the Hérault department in Occitanie in southern France. Ganges is situated at the confuence of the Hérault and Rieutord rivers. The castle, of which only ruins remain, was the scene of a murder in the 17th century. The beautiful Dianne de Roussan was killed by her husband's brothers, who wanted her large fortune. They were caught and subsequently executed. Ganges became prosperous from the manufacture of fine silk stockings during the reign of Louis XIV. Natural silk was replaced by artificial, and later by nylon, and cottage industry gave way to

neg: Robert R. Nathan Robert R. Nathan Robert R. Nathan (1908– September 4, 2001) was an American economist who was heavily involved in US industrial mobilization during World War II. Nather grew up in Dayton, Ohio and attended the University of Pennsylvania, receiving a BA and MA. While in college, Nathan supported himself by factory work and selling silk stockings and telephone memo pads. In 1933, Nathan joined US Commerce Department. When World War II started, Nathan frequently criticized the lack of industrial readiness in the United States if they entered the war. In 1942, he was appointed chair of the federal War Production

neg: Rayon to produce than wool, cotton, or silk. It also requires less processing and hence fewer workers. In addition, it was 50% cheaper than silk during the 1920s in the US. Then, it was used initially for men's socks but later for lingerie and women's stockings. Trade names are used within the rayon industry to label the type of rayon in the product. Viscose Rayon was first produced in Coventry England in 1905 by Courtaulds. "Bemberg" is a trade name for cupramonium rayon developed by J. P. Bemberg. Bemberg performs much like viscose but has a smaller diameter and comes closest

neg: Rouben Mamoulian musicals and was based on the 1939 Greta Garbo classic "Ninotchka". The film "Silk Stockings" starred Fred Astaire and Cyd Charisse, with Janis Paige and Peter Lorre in support. Mamoulian's film directing career came to an end when he was fired from two consecutive films, "Porgy and Bess" (1959) and "Cleopatra" (1963). He had previously been fired as director of "Laura" (1944). After directing the highly successful original stage productions of "Oklahoma!" and "Carousel", he worked on only a few other theatrical productions, such as "St. Louis Woman", which introduced Pearl Bailey to Broadway audiences. He was personally recruited by