query: what is the first chapter of the quran

pos: Al-Fatiha Al-Fatiha Sūrat al-Fātiḥah () is the first chapter ("surah") of the Quran. Its seven verses ("ayat") are a prayer for the guidance, lordship and mercy of God. This chapter has an essential role in Islamic prayer ("salāt"). The primary literal meaning of the expression "al-Fātiḥah" is "The Opener," which could refer to this Surah being "the opener of the Book" ("Fātiḥat al-kitāb"), to its being the first Surah recited in full in every prayer cycle ("rakʿah"), or to the manner in which it serves as an opening for many functions in everyday Islamic life. Some Muslims interpret it as a

pos: Al-Fatiha are found in: Al-Bukhari: 007.071.645—medicine; Al-Bukhari: 007.071.633—medicine; Al-Bukhari: 007.071.632—medicine Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj recorded that Abu Hurairah had told that Muhammad had said: A similar story is found in Al-Bukhari: 001.012.723—characteristics of prayer. Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj recorded: Al-Fatiha Sūrat al-Fātiḥah () is the first chapter ("surah") of the Quran. Its seven verses ("ayat") are a prayer for the guidance, lordship and mercy of God. This chapter has an essential role in Islamic prayer ("salāt"). The primary literal meaning of the expression "al-Fātiḥah" is "The Opener," which could refer to this Surah being "the opener of the Book" ("Fātiḥat al-kitāb"), to its

neg: Human rights in the Quran might try you in what He gave you, therefore strive with one another to hasten to virtuous deeds". The Quran advocates equality between all and says that the only good deeds may raise the status of one human over another. With regards to women's rights the Quran dedicates one whole chapter of its one-hundred and fourteen chapters to women which is evident from the very name of the chapter, Women (AN-NISA). The Quran in that chapter states that whoever does good deeds, whether they are male or female, shall enter Paradise and not the least bit of injustice shall be

neg: Scrolls of Abraham a lost body of scripture. The Scrolls of Abraham are understood by Muslims to refer to certain revelations Abraham received, which he would have then transmitted to writing. The exact contents of the revelation are not described in the Quran. The 87th chapter of the Quran, surah Al-Ala, concludes saying the subject matter of the surah has been in the earlier scriptures of Abraham and Moses. It is slightly indicative of what were in the previous scriptures, according to Islam: Chapter 53 of the Quran, surah An-Najm mentions some more subject matters of the earlier scriptures of Abraham and Moses.

neg: Yā sīn Yā sīn yā sīn (also Yaseen; ) is the 36th chapter (surah) of the Quran. It has 83 verses (ayahs) and is one of the Meccan surahs, although some scholars maintain that verse 12 is from the Medinan period. It is named "yā sīn" because the chapter starts with the "disconnected" or "mysterious" (Muqatta'at) Arabic letters: ("yā sīn"). That the name of the chapter comes from the two letters of the first verse of the chapter, which has caused much scholarly debate, and which Tafsir al-Jalalayn, a Sunni exegesis (tafsir), interprets by saying, "God knows best what He means by

neg: Surah in the Quran from a linguistic point of view and the way in which the verses of one chapter relate to each other and to the wider context of the total message of the Quran. El-Awa provides a detailed analysis in terms of coherence theory on chapters 33 and 75 and shows that these two chapters cohere and have a main contextual relationship. Gheitury and Golfam believe that the permanent change of subject within a passage in the Quran, or what they call non-linearity, is a major linguistic feature of the Quran, a feature that puts the Quran beyond any

neg: Muhammad's first revelation Muhammad's first revelation Muhammad's revelation was an event described in Islam as taking place in 610 AD, during which the Islamic prophet, Muhammad was visited by the archangel Jibrīl, who revealed to him the beginnings of what would later become the Quran. The event took place in a cave called Hira, located on the mountain Jabal an-Nour, near Mecca. According to biographies of Muhammad, while on retreat in a mountain cave near Mecca (the cave of Hira), Gabriel appears before him and commands him to recite the first lines of chapter 96 of the Quran. Muhammad's experience is mentioned in

neg: Surah view regarding coherence of the verses of the Quran. In the first viewpoint each chapter of the Quran has a central theme and its verses are related. The second viewpoint considers some chapters of the Quran as collections of passages which are not thematically related. Chapters deal with various subjects, for instance chapter 99, which comprises only eight verses, is devoted exclusively to eschatology and chapter 12 narrates a story, while other chapters, in the same breath, speak of theological, historical, and ethico-legal matters. Chapters are known to consist of passages, not only verses. The borders between passages are arbitrary

neg: Human rights in the Quran dealt to them. The same message is repeated in chapter sixteen " Whoever does good whether male or female and he is a believer, we will most certainly make him live a happy life, and We will most certainly give them their reward for the best of what they did". The ability of women to bear children is a significant attribute used by the Quran in a number of verses to uplift the status of women. One such chapter states " And We have enjoined man in respect of his parents--his mother bears him with fainting upon fainting and his

neg: The English Commentary of the Holy Quran The authors believe, the Chapters ("Surahs") in the Quran, have a "natural order", which also runs through the verses of each Chapter. At the beginning of each Chapter, an introduction has been given, explaining the main subject of the Chapter, the Chronology of Revelation and the questions of how every Chapter is linked to the previous one. It is claimed the Quran forms a thoroughly coherent and consistent reading. The verses of the various Chapters, and the specific position of each Chapter itself is governed by an intelligent order. The "Notes", it is claimed, have been placed to refute the

neg: Surah are recited during the standing portions ("Qiyam") of Muslim prayers. Sura "Al-Fatiha", the first chapter of the Quran, is recited in every unit of prayer and some units of prayer also involve recitation of all or part of any other sura. The word "surah" was used at the time of Muhammad as a term with the meaning of a "chapter" or a "portion" of the Quran. This is evidenced by the appearance of the word "sura" in multiple locations in the Quran such as verse 24:1: "A "sura" that We have sent down and appointed, and We have sent down

neg: Surah (d. 1930) and Richard Bell (d. 1952) have different opinions regarding coherence within chapters. Farrahi believed that the whole structure of the Quran is thematically coherent, which is to say, all verses of a chapter of the Quran are integrally related to each other to give rise to the major theme of the chapter and again all of the chapters are interconnected with each other to constitute the major theme of the Quran. According to Farrahi, each chapter has a central theme ("umud" or pillar) around which the verses revolve: "Each chapter of the Qur'an is a well structured unit.

neg: Al-Mumtahanah includes "God will forge affection", and because affection of the Muslims is one of the themes in the chapter. Al-Mumtahanah Sūrat al-Mumtaḥanah (, translated "She That Is To Be Examined", "Examining Her") is the 60th chapter ("sura") of the Quran, a Medinan sura with 13 verses. According to the Islamic tradition, Al-Mumtahanah is a Medinan sura, that is a chapter that is revealed after Muhammad's hijra to Medina. According to The Study Quran, the revelation likely took place at some point after the 6th year after the hijra (AH) or 628 CE. According to some commentators, the first verse was

neg: Al-Mumtahanah Al-Mumtahanah Sūrat al-Mumtaḥanah (, translated "She That Is To Be Examined", "Examining Her") is the 60th chapter ("sura") of the Quran, a Medinan sura with 13 verses. According to the Islamic tradition, Al-Mumtahanah is a Medinan sura, that is a chapter that is revealed after Muhammad's hijra to Medina. According to The Study Quran, the revelation likely took place at some point after the 6th year after the hijra (AH) or 628 CE. According to some commentators, the first verse was revealed during the conquest of Mecca in 8 AH (January 630 CE). The traditional Egyptian chronology puts the chapter

neg: Surah Surah A Surah (; spelled as Surah; "", plural "suwar") is the term for a chapter of the Quran. There are 114 Surahs in the Quran, each divided into verses. The chapters or suras are of unequal length; the shortest chapter ("Al-Kawthar") has only three "ayat" (verses) while the longest ("Al-Baqara") contains 286 verses. Of the 114 chapters in the Quran, 86 are classified as Meccan, while 28 are Medinan . This classification is only approximate in regard to location of revelation; any chapter revealed after migration of Muhammad to Medina ("Hijrah") is termed Medinan and any revealed before that

neg: Symmetry in the Quran Symmetry in the Quran Symmetry in the Quran is the belief held by some Muslims, that the word and verse structure of the Quran exhibits such complicated symmetry that it could be neither random placements, nor the intentional work of man, but rather proof of "the will of God". There are many examples of such symmetry. Using a program called QuranCode and other analysis programs, scholars have found many patterns. An example is that chapter 76, called Al-Insan, has 247 words, and three mentions of the word silver. The middle word of the chapter is word number 124, which is

neg: Surah specific 'context' and 'temporality'. According to Gheitury and Golfam for the Quran there is no preface, no introduction, no beginning, no end, a reader can start reading from anywhere in the text. Surah A Surah (; spelled as Surah; "", plural "suwar") is the term for a chapter of the Quran. There are 114 Surahs in the Quran, each divided into verses. The chapters or suras are of unequal length; the shortest chapter ("Al-Kawthar") has only three "ayat" (verses) while the longest ("Al-Baqara") contains 286 verses. Of the 114 chapters in the Quran, 86 are classified as Meccan, while 28

neg: Quran translations that the Archangel Gabriel 'most assertively' told him that chapter 36, verse 3, of the Quran, 'specifically' referred to him. He is referred to as God's Messenger of the Covenant, by his followers. He wrote that the Quran contains a mathematical structure based on the number 19. He made the controversial claim that the last two verses of chapter nine in the Quran were not canonical, telling his followers to reject them. His reasoning was that the verses, disrupted an otherwise flawless nineteen-based pattern and were sacrilegious inasmuch as they appeared to endorse worship of Mohammed. Khalifa's research received little

neg: Golden mean (philosophy) the middle ground/golden mean one. In Quran (Chapter 'The Cow', verse number 143) it is said that, "We have made you a balanced, moderate nation". Quran quotes the example of two groups of people, calling one of them extremely greedy (Chasing the wealth of the world) in Chapter 'The Cow' verse 96 and to the others as inventors of monasticism (over-zealousness in religion) in Chapter Al-Hadeed verse number 27. Islam councils its followers to abstain from both these paths of extremities and adopt moderation in chasing the world and practicing religion alike. Not the least the Quran emphasises that the

neg: Digital Quran Digital Quran The term digital Quran is used to refer to the text of the Qur'an processed or distributed as an electronic text, or more specifically to an electronic device dedicated to displaying the text of the Qur'an and playing digital recordings of Qur'an readings. Such a device has first been marketed in Indonesia beginning in 1993. These devices were capable of audio playback of recorded recitations of the Qur'an with synchronized on-screen Arabic text. It allowed basic navigation of the Quran with the ability for the user to select a specific surah (chapter) and ayah (verse). Translations of the

neg: Rashad Khalifa him that chapter 36, verse 3, of the Quran, "specifically" referred to him. He coined the phrase "Final Testament" in reference to the Quran, with his followers referring to him as "God's Messenger of the Covenant". Some Muslims objected to his interpretations, based on his claim that parts of the Quran were fabricated; precluding him from being a strict Quranist. In his works, Khalifa claimed that the Quran contains a mathematical structure based on the number 19. Starting in 1968, Khalifa used computers to analyze the frequency of letters and words in the Quran, with his first book on the

neg: Āyah The word "ayah" is also used to refer to the verses of the Bible by Arab Christians and Christians in countries where Arabic words are used for religious terms. A common myth persists that the number of verses in the Quran is 6,666. In fact, the total number of verses in all chapters is 6,236, although this varies depending on how (or if) the "Bismillah" appearing at the start of each chapter is counted. The Unicode symbol for a Quran verse, U+06DD, is: ۝. The first ayahs in the Quran from a chronological order are "Read [O Muhammad!] in the

neg: Al Imran and who can forgive sins except Allah? - and do not persist in what they have done while they know."(3:135). He explained that the meaning of this is that in the past, when people transgressed their covenant with God, they would come to this realization and repent, avoiding that sin so as not to repeat it. Al Imran Sura Ali-Imran (, "Sūratu Āli 'Imrān", "The Family of Imran") is the third chapter of the Quran with two hundred verses (āyāt). The chapter takes its name from the family of Imran mentioned in verse 33. Imran in Islam is regarded as

neg: Standing in salah other prayers, standing is one part of the prayer. In salat al-Janazah, the Islamic funeral prayer which is part of the Islamic funeral ritual, the entire prayer consists of standing. Most of the reciting of the Quran that occurs during Islamic prayer is done while in standing position. The first chapter of the Quran, Surah Al-Fatiha, is recited while standing. Sahih Muslim recorded that Abu Hurayrah said that the Prophet said, «» (Whoever performs any prayer in which he did not read Umm Al-Qur'an, then his prayer is incomplete.) Additionally, recitations from any other section from the Quran of choice

neg: Arabic in order to express the meaning in the most beautiful form possible. The study of the pauses in the Quran as well as other rhetoric allow it to be approached in a multiple ways. Although the Quran is known for its fluency and harmony, the structure can be best described as chaotic. The suras also known as chapters of the Quran are not placed in chronological order. The only constant in their structure is that the longest are placed first and shorter ones follow. The topics discussed in the chapter often have no relation to each other and only share

neg: Mahra Sultanate (huge) rocks in the valley" - 10. "And Pharaoh- of the many stakes" - 11. "Who (all) transgressed in the land," - 12. "And made much corruption therein " - 13. "Therefore did your Lord pour on them a scourge of diverse chastisement:" - 14. "Surely your Lord is ever watchful.” The 11th Chapter of the Quran was named after the Prophet Hud. In this chapter, Hud is mentioned as a man who is related to ʿĀd kings, and his relation with the ʿĀd people is mentioned again in the Quran in chapter 7. According to Islamic genealogy, Hud is

neg: Dhul-Qarnayn Great. The story of Dhul-Qarnayn is related in chapter 18 (Surat al-Kahf, "The Cave") of the Quran. This chapter was revealed to Muhammad when his tribe, Quraysh, sent two men to discover whether the Jews, with their superior knowledge of the scriptures, could advise them on whether Muhammad was a true prophet of God. The rabbis told them to ask Muhammad about three things, one of them "about a man who travelled and reached the east and the west of the earth, what was his story". "If he tells you about these things, then he is a prophet, so follow

neg: As-Sajda As-Sajda Sūrat as-Sajdah (, "The Prostration") is the 32nd chapter (sura) of the Quran with 30 verses. The name of the chapter, which means "The Prostration", is taken from the fifteenth verse, which mentions those who "... fall prostrate and hymn the praise of their Lord". Alternative names of the chapter include "Alif Lam Mim Tanzil" ("Alif, Lam, Mim, The Revelation") after the first words of the chapter (verses 1 and 2), and "Al-Madajiʻ" ("The Beds"), after a mention of those who "shun [their] beds" in order to worship God at night ("tahajjud"). According to the Islamic tradition, the chapter

neg: As-Sajda Kathir. Another report said that he often recited the chapter before going to sleep. As-Sajda Sūrat as-Sajdah (, "The Prostration") is the 32nd chapter (sura) of the Quran with 30 verses. The name of the chapter, which means "The Prostration", is taken from the fifteenth verse, which mentions those who "... fall prostrate and hymn the praise of their Lord". Alternative names of the chapter include "Alif Lam Mim Tanzil" ("Alif, Lam, Mim, The Revelation") after the first words of the chapter (verses 1 and 2), and "Al-Madajiʻ" ("The Beds"), after a mention of those who "shun [their] beds" in

neg: Challenge of the Quran Challenge of the Quran The challenge of the Quran or Tahaddi (Arabic: التحدي في القرآن, translit. al-tahaddi fi al-Quran), in Islamic theology, refers to a challenge proposed in the Quran. It requests non-Muslims among both humans and the jinn to produce either a chapter or multiple chapters like those within the holy book, with the aim of proving the Quran's superiority over any work. The Quran says that this is impossible to achieve. Non-Muslims are challenged to produce a "statement" or speech similar to the Quran one verse, and challenged to produce either one or ten similar chapters in others.

neg: Al aḥqāf hijra, around the same time as the revelation of Chapter 72 Al-Jinn. The chapter begins with a "Muqattaʿat", the two-letter formula "Hāʼ Mīm", the last of the seven chapters to do so. In the Islamic tradition, the meanings of such formulae at the beginnings of chapters are considered to be "known only to God". The following verses (2–9) warn against those who reject the Quran, and reiterate the Quranic assertion that the verses of the Quran are revealed from God and were not composed by humans. The verses maintain that the Quran itself is a "clear proof" of God's signs,

neg: Jesus in Islam mentioned in detail in the Gospel (a daughter of Jairus, a widow's son at Nain, and Lazarus). Jesus was able to predict, or had foreknowledge, of what was hidden or unknown to others. One example is Jesus would answer correctly any and every question anyone asked him. Another example is Jesus knew what people had just eaten, as well as what they had stored in their homes. In the fifth chapter of the Quran, al-Maida (5) 112-115, a narration mentions the disciples of Jesus requesting a table laden with food, and for it to be a special day of commemoration

neg: Al-Insan appears in the first verse. Other common names for the chapter include "Hal Ata", "Has There Not Come", after the first two words in the first verse; "Al-Dahr", "Endless Time", a word that also appears in the first verse; and Al-Abrar, pl. for "The Pious", after the description of the pious and their rewards in verses 5–22. Al-Insan Sūrat al-Insān (, “Human”, “Man”) or Sūrat ad-Dahr () is the 76th chapter (sura) of the Quran with 31 verses (ayat). According to most scholars of the Islamic tradition, the chapter is a Medinan surah, i.e. it was revealed during the Medinan

neg: Al-Mursalat Al-Mursalat Sūrat al-Mursalāt (, “The Emissaries”, “Winds Sent Forth”) is the 77th chapter (sura) of the Quran with 50 verses. Hadith (حديث) is literally “speech”; recorded saying, tradition, or orthopraxy of Muhammad validated by isnad; with sira these comprise the sunnah and reveal shariah and tafsir is the Arabic word for exegesis of the Qur'an. The first and foremost exegesis of Quran is found in hadith of Muhammad thus making it important to consider the hadith related to a particular surah when studying it. The Surah takes its name from the word wal-mursalat in the first verse. Its subject matter

neg: Luqman Luqman Luqman (also known as Luqman the Wise, Luqmaan, Lukman, and Luqman al-Hakeem; ) was a wise man for whom Surah Luqman (), the thirty-first surah (chapter) of the Quran, was named. While the Quran does not state many personal details about Luqman's life, including when or where Luqman lived, later Islamic traditions have elaborated upon his story. Some tales portray him as a man of Nubian descent, while others state that he was of South Arabian origin. There are many stories about Luqman in Persian, Arabic and Turkish literature, and various tafsir collections comment upon these stories. The Quran

neg: Criticism of the Quran the Quran has high praise for these religions, regarding them as the other two parts of the Abrahamic trinity. The Christian doctrine of the Trinity states that God is a single being who exists, simultaneously and eternally, as a communion of three distinct persons, the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit. In Islam such plurality in God is a denial of monotheism (Quran 9:1–15) and thus a sin of shirk, which is considered to be a major 'al-Kaba'ir' sin. Hindu Swami Dayanand Saraswati gave a brief analysis of the Quran in the 14th chapter of his 19th-century book Satyarth

neg: Surah of Islamic studies, is of the opinion that there is no evidence that the style of Quran has changed in a consistent way and therefore style may not always be a reliable indicator of when and where a chapter was revealed. According to Robinson, the problem of the chronology of authorship is still far from solved. The verses and chapters when revealed to Muhammad in the Quran did not come with a title attached to them. Muhammad, as we find in some reports in "hadith", used to refer to shorter chapters not by name, rather by their first verse. For

neg: Surah they contradicted interrelations between verses. Zarkashi (d.1392), another medieval Quranic exegete, admitted that relationships of some verses to other verses in a chapter is sometimes hard to explain, in those cases he assigned stylistic and rhetorical functions to them such as parenthesis, parable, or intentional subject shift. Zarkashi aimed at showing how important understanding the inter-verse relations is to understanding the Quran, however, he did not attempt to deal with one complete chapter to show its relations. Contemporary scholars have studied the idea of coherence in the Quran more vigorously and are of widely divergent opinions. For example, Hamid Farrahi

neg: History of the Quran 632. The Quran as it is known in the present, was first compiled into book format by Zayd ibn Thabit and other scribes under the third caliph Uthman (r. 644–56). For this reason, the Quran as it exists today is also known as the Uthmanic codex. According to Professor Francis Edward Peters (1927), what was done to the Quran in the process seems to have been extremely conservative and the content was formed in a mechanical fashion to avoid redactional bias. According to traditional Islamic beliefs, the Quran was revealed to Muhammad, starting one night during the month of Ramadan

neg: Symmetry in the Quran the word "silver". It is in a verse that is the middle verse of the chapter (verse 16 of 31), and it is the third of five words of the verse. Some of this symmetry is caused by the significance of the number 19 in Islam. It is claimed that if all the numbers mentioned in the Quran are added up, their sum is 162,146, which is 19 times 6534; That there are 114 (19 times 6) Surahs; that Muhammad's first revelation consists of a verse that has 19 words and 76 (4 times 19) letters. Another aspect of the

neg: Mahra Sultanate tribe's ancestors, are mentioned extensively in the Quran, and the Muslim people are often reminded in the Quran that those who disobey God will end up as the ʿĀd kingdom and the Thamud. The most well-known Passage from the Quran on ʿĀd kingdom is the 89th chapter (sura) of the Quran, verses 6 -14; - 6. “Have you not seen how your Lord dealt with the 'Ad (people)," - 7. "Of the (city of) Iram with lofty pillars," - 8. "The like of which were not created among (other) cities?" - 9. "And the Thamood (people) who hewed out the

neg: Al-Jinn Abdullah Yusuf Ali says that it is “tolerably certain” that "Al-Jinn" was revealed around 2 B.H. when Muhammad was evangelising near present-day Ta'if. Maulana Muhammad Ali agrees with the date of around 2 B.H., saying that this sura was revealed at a time when opposition to the Holy Prophet’s message was reaching a climax. Al-Jinn Sūrat al-Jinn (, “The Jinn”) is the seventy-second chapter of the Quran with 28 verses. The name as well as the topic of this chapter is jinn. Similar to angels, the Jinn are spiritual beings invisible to the naked human eye. In the Quran, it

neg: David in Islam cursed those Israelites who did not believe (5:78). Moreover, according to the Quran, David was given the ability to distinguish between truth and falsehood when dispensing justice ("faṣl al-khiṭāb", 38:20). Furthermore, there is the allusion to a test David was put through, wherein he prayed and repented and God forgave him (38:24-5). Surat Sad (the 38th chapter of the Quran) is also called "the sūra of David" Exegetes explain that since David prostrated when asking God to forgive him, Muhammad was ordered to imitate him and to perform a prostration when reading this chapter. David is one of the few

neg: Al-Jinn Al-Jinn Sūrat al-Jinn (, “The Jinn”) is the seventy-second chapter of the Quran with 28 verses. The name as well as the topic of this chapter is jinn. Similar to angels, the Jinn are spiritual beings invisible to the naked human eye. In the Quran, it is stated that humans are created from the earth and jinn from smokeless fire in more than one instance. In the second verse the jinn recant their belief in false gods and venerate Muhammad for his monotheism. The jinn apologize for their past blasphemy and criticize mankind for either neglecting them or encouraging their

neg: Tasmia Qwani Tasmia Qwani Tasmia Qwani also known as "Bismillah" is a centuries old traditional Deccani muslim family ceremony in which a Muslim child is initiated to read the Quran. The ceremony is celebrated with multiple traditional customs. After a Muslim child grows to the age of four years and four months the traditional "Bismillah" ceremony is performed in which, any elder person from the family or a religious head from the community make the child to recite the first five verses from Surath Al-Alaq—(96th Chapter of the Quran), and from then on wards the child is regularly taught to learn the

neg: Surah but are possible to determine. For example, chapter 54 may be divided into six passages: The study of text relations in the Quran dates back to a relatively early stage in the history of Quranic studies. The earliest Quranic interpreter known to have paid attention to this aspect of the Quran is Fakhruddin al-Razi (d.1209 ). Fakhr Razi believed that text relation is a meaning that links verses together or mentally associates them like cause-effect or reason-consequence. He linked verse 1 of a chapter to verse 2, verse 2 to verse 3 and so on, and rejected traditionist interpretations if

neg: Second Coming equals, but instead as a prophet. The Quran states that Jesus was born of the Virgin Mary. Muslims believe that Jesus performed all the miracles in the Gospels, but do not believe that Jesus was crucified. In the Quran, the second coming of Jesus is heralded in Az-Zukhruf (the Quran's 43rd surah or chapter) as a sign of the Day of Judgment. In his famous interpretation of the Quran or Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Azim, Ibn Kathir also uses this verse as proof of Jesus' second coming in the Quran. There are also hadiths that clearly foretell of Jesus' future return such

neg: Al aḥqāf 622 CE. Most Quranic commentators say that the tenth verse was revealed during the Medinan period—the period after Muhammad's hijra. There are minority opinions that say verse 15 and verse 35 were also revealed during the Medinan period. Another minority opinion argues that the entire chapter was revealed in the Meccan period. The traditional Egyptian chronology places the chapter as 66th in order of revelation; in the chronology of orientalist Theodor Nöldeke it is 88th. An academic commentary of the Quran, The Study Quran, based on a range of traditional commentators, dates the chapter's revelation to two years before the

neg: Al-Inshiqaq scholars consider this verse one of the 15 verses in the Quran where one prostrates after reciting it. Most Maliki jurists consider it obligatory to prostrate after reciting the verse; Malik ibn Anas —the founder of the Maliki school—was a notable exception. Quran Surah Al-Inshiqaaq Al-Inshiqaq Sūrat al-Inshiqāq (, “The Sundering”, “Splitting Open”) is the eighty-fourth chapter ("sura") of the Qur'an with 25 ayat. It mentions details of the Day of Judgment when, according to the chapter, everyone will receive reckoning over their deeds in this world. According to the Islamic tradition, Al-Inshiqaq was most likely revealed after the 82nd

neg: Ramadan Ramadan typically includes the increased offering of "salat" (prayers), recitation of the Quran and an increase of doing good deeds and charity. Chapter 2, Verse 185, of the Quran states: The month of Ramadan is that in which was revealed the Quran; a guidance for mankind, and clear proofs of the guidance, and the criterion (of right and wrong). And whosoever of you is present, let him fast the month, and whosoever of you is sick or on a journey, a number of other days. Allah desires for you ease; He desires not hardship for you; and that you should

neg: Animals in Islam his son Yusuf to play in the open, even in the presence of his brothers, was that a Boat could eat him. The Quran contains three mentions of dogs: Hunting dogs and the dog of the Companions of "al-Kahf" (, the Cave) are described in a positive light, and the companionship of these dogs is mentioned with approval. The Qurʼan, thus, contains not even a hint of the condemnation of dogs found in certain "Hadith". There is a whole chapter in the Quran naming "The Ants". In Sunni Islam killing of Ants is prohibited. The Quran talks about a miraculous

neg: Shakil Auj was strongly criticized by the orthodox clergy for this book. Auj's book "Tabeerat" relates to the Islamic principles in the contemporary world. In one chapter, he elaborates on the way non-Muslims may be accepted by God if they remain committed to universal human values. He also explains the way the Quran encourages a moderate society based on universal human values, and how Islam can very easily connect to the modern world. His book "Sahib E Quran" is about the honor and attributes of the Prophet Muhammad. He started the book with the Na`at. In one chapter, he expresses the view

neg: History of the Quran Quran." (Bukhari, VIII, No. 446.) This explanation of Ubay also makes it very clear that the companions of Mohammad did not differ at all about what was part of the Quran and what was not part of the Quran when the revelation had ceased. It is also important to note that the "hadith" appeared in the "mushaf" of Ubay because it was for his own personal use; that is, in his private notebook, where he did not always distinguish between Quranic material and "hadith", since the notebook was not meant for public use and he himself knew well what to

neg: Al-Qaria Al-Qaria Sūrat al-Qāriʻah () is the 101st chapter (sura) of the Quran with 11 verses. This chapter takes its name from its first word ""qariah"", referring to the Quranic view of the end time and eschatology. ""Qariah"" has been translated to calamity, striking, catastrophe, clatterer, etc. According to Ibn Kathir, a traditional exegete, "Al-Qariah" is one of the names of the Day of Judgement, like Al-Haaqqa, At-Tammah, As-Sakhkhah and others. After a picturesque depiction of judgement day in first 5 ayaat, next 4 ayat describe that Allah's Court will be established and the people will be called upon to account

neg: The Moderation in Belief and then interprets the revelation. Reason, together with the Revelation, is light upon light as mentioned in Quran chapter 24, verse 35. Next comes an explanatory chapter with its four introductions and four main sections. Ghazali's main topic throughout is in praise of God, depicting it as a work of theology. A translation into English of the first sections was published as a dissertation by Dennis Morgan Davis Jr. in 2005. The first complete English-language edition of was made by Aladdin M. Yaqub, and published by the University of Chicago Press in 2013. The Moderation in Belief Al-Iqtisād fī al-iʿtiqad

neg: History of the Quran right of Ali being the first caliph. The contemporary Shia scholar Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei provides a counter argument to this belief. He states that even if Ali's Quran incorporated additions that are not part of the existing Quran, this does not mean that these additions comprised parts of the Quran and have been dropped from it due to alteration. Rather, these additions were interpretations or explanations of what God was saying, or were in the form of revelations from God, explaining the intention of the verses in the Quran. These additions were not part of the Quran and not part

neg: Iddah waiting period of a widow. It is also clear from another directive of the Qur'an that during this waiting period, the woman should not be turned out of her house. Quran states: In surah Al-Ahzab it is stated: The Quran surah (Chapter) 65, entitled "At-Talaq" meaning "The Divorce" states The following is a summary of the main directives entailed in these verses: Commentaries of the Quran, including the most respected Sunni commentary, ibn Kathir's Tafsir/exegesis/commentary: - Imam Suyuti's commentary, Tafsir al-Jalalayn: -And as for those of your women who read allā’ī or allā’i in both instances no longer expect to

neg: Yusuf (surah) Yusuf (surah) Sūrat Yūsuf () is the 12th sura (chapter) of the Quran. It has 111 verses. It is said to have been revealed in a single sitting, being unique in this respect. The text narrates the story of Yusuf (the biblical Joseph). While other surahs tend to jump between topics, this sura is special in sticking to its central theme throughout, telling a coherent story in chronological order. The Surah after this is Surah Ar-Ra’d (The thunder). The Surah before this is Surah Hud (Hud) The chapter was first translated into Latin by Thomas van Erpe in 1617 and

neg: Islamic marital practices one another in good works”. In Islam, polygyny is allowed with certain restrictions; polyandry is not. The Quran directly addresses the matter of polygyny in Chapter 4 Verse 3, ""...Marry of the women that you please: two, three, or four. But if you feel that you should not be able to deal justly, then only one or what your right hand possesses.That would be more suitable to prevent you from doing injustice."" The Prophet accepts the marriage of multiple wives but only if the husband's duties will not falter as a result The groom kisses the bride 3 times on

neg: Al-Fil Al-Fil Sūrat al-Fīl (, "Chapter of the Elephant") is the 105th chapter (surah) of the Quran. It is a Meccan sura consisting of 5 verses. The surah is written in the interrogative form. Taking its name from the mention of the "Army of the Elephant" in the first verse, this surah alludes to the Abyssinian campaign against Mecca in the year 570 of the Christian era. Abrahah, the Christian viceroy of the Yemen (which at that time was ruled by the Abyssinians), erected a great cathedral at Sana'a, hoping thus to divert the annual Arabian pilgrimage from the Meccan sanctuary,

neg: Alexander the Great in the Quran murky sea. At this place, Dhul-Qarnayn builds a wall in order to enclose the nations of Gog and Magog. It is thought that Gog and Magog will breach Dhul-Qarnayn's wall before Yaum al-Qiyāmah (the Day of Judgement) and will wreak havoc in the world (Islamic Armageddon): The earliest mention of Dhul-Qarnayn outside the Quran is found in the works of the earliest Muslim historian and hagiographer, Ibn Ishaq (?–761 AD), which form the main corpus of the "Sira" (religious biography) literature. Ibn Ishaq's Sira reports that the eighteenth chapter of the Quran (which includes the story of Dhul-Qarnayn) was revealed

neg: Criticism of Twelver Shia Islam The Book of Ali (a copy of Quran written by Ali containing Ali's commentary, which sometimes is called the Book of Ali) incorporated additions that are not part of the existing Quran, this does not mean that these additions comprised parts of the Quran and have been dropped from it due to alteration. Rather, these additions were interpretations or explanations of what God was saying, or were in the form of revelations from God, explaining the intention of the verses in the Quran. These additions were not part of the Quran and not part of what the Messenger of God

neg: Birmingham Quran manuscript of missing folios containing the intervening verses of surahs 18 and 19. There are no diacritical marks to indicate short vowels, but consonants are occasionally differentiated with oblique dashes. The text is laid out in the format that was to become standard for complete Quran manuscripts, with chapter divisions indicated by a decorated line, and verse endings by intertextual clustered dots. Although the Quran text witnessed in the two Birmingham leaves largely conforms to the standard text their orthography differs, especially in respect of the writing (or omission) of the letter "alif". Equally, the application of intermittent dashes to differentiate

neg: Yunus (surah) The chapter presents the Meccan pagans' objections against the Quran, and responds to them. The pagans said that Muhammad was a "manifest sorcerer" and that he fabricated the Quran. They also challenged Muhammad to immediately bring the punishment of God, if his claim was true. They also demanded that Muhammad change the Quran to no longer condemn their practice of idolatry and using intercessors when worshipping God. The chapter's response to these objection is a mix of "argument, threat, promise and reproach". It defends the Quran's divine origin, not a fabrication of Muhammad's, and says that Muhammad could not change

neg: Samiri (Islamic figure) religion. Samiri (Islamic figure) Samiri or the Samiri () is a phrase used by the Quran to refer to a rebellious follower of Moses who created the golden calf and attempted to lead the Hebrews into idolatry. According to the twentieth chapter of the Quran, Samiri created the calf while Moses was away for 40 days on Mount Sinai, receiving the Ten Commandments. In contrast to account given in the Hebrew Bible, the Quran does not blame Aaron for the calf’s creation and instead praises him for trying to stop the worship of it. In Ta-Ha, the Quran’s twentieth surah,

neg: Samiri (Islamic figure) Samiri (Islamic figure) Samiri or the Samiri () is a phrase used by the Quran to refer to a rebellious follower of Moses who created the golden calf and attempted to lead the Hebrews into idolatry. According to the twentieth chapter of the Quran, Samiri created the calf while Moses was away for 40 days on Mount Sinai, receiving the Ten Commandments. In contrast to account given in the Hebrew Bible, the Quran does not blame Aaron for the calf’s creation and instead praises him for trying to stop the worship of it. In Ta-Ha, the Quran’s twentieth surah, Moses

neg: Abraham in Islam Muslims recognize Abraham as the ancestor through whom many other prophets and saints ("Wali") came, including Moses, Jesus (Isa) and Muhammad. The Quran lists, in the sixth chapter, some of the greatest figures to have through Abraham's progeny: Abraham's narrative in the Quran indirectly refers to his role as one of the great patriarchs. The Qur'an says that God made Abraham "an Imam to the Nations.", Father of Muslims, and his narrative records him praying for his offspring. The Quran further states that Abraham's descendants were given "the Book and Wisdom,", and this fact is reinforced in a verse which

neg: Gender roles in Islam Quran deal with acceptable dress for both men and women. Sura 24, Verses 30-31 states: ""And tell the believing men to lower their gaze and be modest. That is purer for them. Lo! Allah is aware of what they do. And tell the believing women to lower their gaze and be modest, and to display of their adornment only that which is apparent, and to draw their veils over their bosoms, and not to reveal their adornment save to [those relatives who fall within bounds of close relationship explained in the Qur’an]..."" Chapter 24, Verses 30-31. However, there are many

neg: Abū Lahab "Muhammad promises me things which I do not see. He alleges that they will happen after my death; what has he put in my hands after that?” Then he blew on his hands and said, “May you perish. I can see nothing in you of the things that Muhammad says.” As a direct result of this incident, a chapter of the Quran, "Al-Masad" ("The Palm Fibre"), was revealed about him. Its English translation by Sahih International reads: In the name of Allah, the most compassionate, the most merciful (بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم) Umm Jamil is called “the bearer of the

neg: Quran For instance, the first verses of Sura 22, which deal with the mighty earthquake and the situations of people on that day, represent this style of divine address: "O People! Be respectful to your Lord. The earthquake of the Hour is a mighty thing." The Quran is often vivid in its depiction of what will happen at the end time. Watt describes the Quranic view of End Time: The Quran does not assert a natural immortality of the human soul, since man's existence is dependent on the will of God: when he wills, he causes man to die; and when

neg: Qibla al-Qudsiyya the Heifer). One verse reads thus: ""The fools among the people will say: "What hath turned them from the Qibla to which they were used?" Say: To God belong both east and West: He guideth whom He will to a Way that is straight."" (Quran 2:142 from Abdullah Y. Ali's translation) It is conceivable that the sources mentioning the Qibla al-Qudsiyya like the Sirat un-Nabi (1) could in fact be trying to "fill in the gaps" of Muhammad's biography by taking Qur'anic verses and drawing implicit information from them. The verses in the chapter in question clearly indicate a group

neg: Biblical and Quranic narratives she said: 'Behold the handmaid of the Lord, be it done to me according to thy word.' In Luke, Mary is betrothed to Joseph but the Quran never mentions any man. In the Quran, 'her people' have a conversation with Mary accusing her of fornication. In the Bible, no such conversation happens but Joseph knows that people are thinking this. The Quran states in the chapter named after Mary, verse 16–37: In the Book, tell the story of Maryam, when she went away from her family (for Prayer) to a place in the East. She placed a screen (to hide

neg: Al Imran Al Imran Sura Ali-Imran (, "Sūratu Āli 'Imrān", "The Family of Imran") is the third chapter of the Quran with two hundred verses (āyāt). The chapter takes its name from the family of Imran mentioned in verse 33. Imran in Islam is regarded as the father of Mary. This chapter is named after the family Imran, which includes Imran, Saint Anne, Mary, and Jesus. The chapter is believed to have been either the second or third of the Medinan surahs, as it references both the events of Badr and the Uhud. Almost all of it also belongs to the third

neg: Al-hamdu lillahi rabbil 'alamin daily during the five prayers, Muslims also strive to recite this expression during other activities throughout their daily lives. Muslims recite the bismillah before performing any work; and when they finish, they thank God for his favors by reciting this verse. They are taught to strive to be grateful to God for his blessings and thus this verse is a statement of thanks, appreciation, and gratitude to God. Quran also signals a suggestion to finish the prayers by reciting this sentence in chapter Yunus verse 10 in the Quran. A commentator on the Quran from the ninth century, al-Tabari, said:

neg: Alpha Lambda Mu Alpha Lambda Mu Alpha Lambda Mu (Alif Laam Meem in Arabic) is the first national Muslim fraternity in America. Alpha Lambda Mu was named for three letters that start several chapters of the Quran: Alif Laam Meem. The Fraternity was created by founder Ali Mahmoud and co-founder Araf Hossain. The fraternities founding chapter was founded at the University of Texas at Dallas on February 12, 2013. As of spring 2017, the fraternity has seven chapters and five colonies. The Fraternity is the subject of the documentary “Brotherhood: America’s Favorite Muslim Fraternity" On March 23, 2013, the chapter at University of

neg: Criticism of the Quran the fact so exiguous that few have failed to be convinced that what is in our copy of the Quran is in fact what Muhammad taught, and is expressed in his own words. According to Islamic tradition, the Quran is the literal word of God as recited to the Islamic prophet Muhammad through the angel Gabriel. Muhammad, according to tradition, recited perfectly what the angel Gabriel revealed to him for his companions to write down and memorize. Muslims believe that the wording of the Quranic text available today corresponds exactly to that revealed to Muhammad in the years 610–632. Maurice

neg: Luqman "O Son, if thou art able not to sleep, then thou art able not to die. And if thou art able not to waken after sleep, then thou shalt be able not to rise after death.” Luqman Luqman (also known as Luqman the Wise, Luqmaan, Lukman, and Luqman al-Hakeem; ) was a wise man for whom Surah Luqman (), the thirty-first surah (chapter) of the Quran, was named. While the Quran does not state many personal details about Luqman's life, including when or where Luqman lived, later Islamic traditions have elaborated upon his story. Some tales portray him as a

neg: Criticism of the Quran down, their approach is disastrous." R. B. Serjeant states that "[Crone and Cook's thesis]… is not only bitterly anti-Islamic in tone, but anti-Arabian. Its superficial fancies are so ridiculous that at first one wonders if it is just a 'leg pull', pure 'spoof'." Francis Edward Peters states that "Few have failed to be convinced that what is in our copy of the Quran is, in fact, what Muhammad taught, and is expressed in his own words". In 2006, legal scholar Liaquat Ali Khan claimed that Crone and Cook later explicitly disavowed their earlier book. Patricia Crone in an article published

neg: As-Sajda 70th. The first half of the chapter covers some of Islam's theological concepts, including revelation, God, creation of human beings, resurrection and the judgment day. The second half discusses the contrast between those who "fall prostate" before God and those who "turns away" from God's sign. The chapter then mentions the Children of Israel as an example of people who follow God's guidance through Moses. A hadith narrated by Abu Huraira said that Muhammad often recited "As-Sajda" together with "Al-Insan" (chapter 76 of the Quran) for the early morning prayer ("fajr") every Friday. This report also appears in Tafsir ibn

neg: Criticism of the Quran Islamic Studies in Riyadh, questions whether the parchment might have been reused as a palimpsest, and also noted that the writing had chapter separators and dotted verse endings – features in Arabic scripts which are believed not to have been introduced to the Qur'an until later. Dr Saud's criticisms was affirmed by several Saudi-based experts in Quranic history, who strongly rebut any speculation that the Birmingham/Paris Quran could have been written during the lifetime of the Prophet Muhammad. They emphasize that while Muhammad was alive, Quranic texts were written without chapter decoration, marked verse endings or use of coloured inks;

neg: Boasting boast in his riches" (Jeremiah 9:23 ESV). Quran: "Verily, Allâh does not like such as are proud and boastful; Those who are miserly and enjoin miserliness on other men and hide what Allâh has bestowed upon them of His Bounties" (The Noble Qur'an 4:36-37). Hindu Wisdom: "Whereas, in our Occident, the most dry and sterile minds brag in front of Nature" (La Bible de l'Humanite in Oeuvres). The Ancient Greek book "The Characters of Theophrastus" devotes a chapter to "The Boastful Man". "Bēot" is Old English for a ritualized boast, vow, threat or promise, which was usually made by an

neg: Al-Hujurat The word "al-hujurat" is the plural and definite form of "hujrah" which translates as room, compartment of chamber. The verse 4 of this chapter is the only use of this word in the Quran, and due to this uniqueness, the chapter is named after it. Al-Hujurat Sūrat al-Ḥujurāt (, "The Chambers") is the 49th chapter ("sura") of the Qur'an with 18 ayat. The chapter contains etiquette and norms to be observed in the Muslim community, including the proper conduct towards the prophet, an injunction against acting on news without verification, a call for peace and reconciliation, as well injunctions against

neg:
Juz' "Juzʾ amma" is named after the 1st word of the 30th chapter (chapter 78) in that "juz'." Juz - 30 Parts of the Quran in a simpler view: Juz' # – Chapter Verse – Chapter Verse
 Juz’ 1 – Al Fatiha 1 – Al Baqarah 141
 Juz’ 2 – Al Baqarah 142 – Al Baqarah 252
 Juz’ 3 – Al Baqarah 253 – Al Imran 92
 Juz’ 4 – Al Imran 93 – An Nisa 23
 Juz’ 5 – An Nisa 24 – An Nisa 147
 Juz’ 6 – An Nisa 148 – Al Ma’idah 81
 Juz’ 7 – Al

neg: Cyrus the Great in the Quran built, if at all, and by whom. (4) Besides possessing the aforementioned characteristics, he should also be a mono-theist and a just ruler, since the Quran has stressed these characteristics more than anything else in the quoted passages. (1) The first of these characteristics may be applicable to Cyrus. The Prophet Daniel, in the Biblical account, saw a vision that the united kingdom of Media and Persia was like a two-horned ram before the rise of the Greeks. The Book of Daniel Chapter 8 says: The "New Revised Standard Version" of the Bible gives the following interpretation from Gabriel: "As

neg: Quran of the Quranic message. The central theme of the Quran is monotheism. God is depicted as living, eternal, omniscient and omnipotent (see, e.g., Quran , , ). God's omnipotence appears above all in his power to create. He is the creator of everything, of the heavens and the earth and what is between them (see, e.g., Quran , , etc.). All human beings are equal in their utter dependence upon God, and their well-being depends upon their acknowledging that fact and living accordingly. The Quran uses cosmological and contingency arguments in various verses without referring to the terms to prove

neg: Hadith of the Quran and Sunnah Muhammad were reported via many different sources, there was disagreement about what constituted "sunnah", and how that affected what should be "shariah". In the ninth century Al-Shafi‘i took the view that the Quran superseded "sunnah", but that "sunnah" could not supersede the text of the Quran. In this he rejected the version of the above hadith that said the Quran and "sunnah" were "equal" sources of guidance. (See Shafi'i school of jurisprudence.) Others, notably Ibn Kathir in his book "Al-Bidaya wa'l-Nihaya", took the reverse position that "sunnah" as later revelation should take precedence over the Quran. Both Sunnis and Shi'as

neg: Abrahamic religions things." God, as referenced in the Quran, is the only God. Islamic tradition also describes the 99 names of God. These 99 names describe attributes of God, including Most Merciful, The Just, The Peace and Blessing, and the Guardian. Islamic belief in God is distinct from Christianity in that God has no progeny. This belief is summed up in chapter 112 of the Quran titled Al-Ikhlas, which states "Say, he is Allah (who is) one, Allah is the Eternal, the Absolute. He does not beget nor was he begotten. Nor is there to Him any equivalent". All these religions rely

neg: Al aḥqāf Al aḥqāf al aḥqāf (, "the sand dunes" or "the winding sand tracts") is the 46th chapter (sura) of the Qur'an with 35 verses (ayat). This is the seventh and last chapter starting with the letters ha-mim. It is one of the late Meccan chapters, except for verse 10 and possibly a few others which Muslims believe were revealed in Medina. The chapter covers various topics: It warns against those who reject the Quran, and reassures those who believe; it instructs Muslims to be virtuous towards their parents; it tells of the Prophet Hud and the punishment that befell his

neg: Al-Masad plants in Muhammad’s path to injure his feet. Since this is the only place in the Quran where an enemy of Islam has been condemned by name, the study of hadith is pivotal to grasp the special trait of the character of this person, which became the basis of this condemnation by name, as "ḥadīṯ" (حديث) is literally "speech"; recorded saying or tradition of Muhammad validated by isnad; with sira these comprise the sunnah and reveal shariah. Al-Masad Sūrat al-Masad (, meaning "The Palm Fiber") is the 111th chapter (sura) of the Quran with 5 verses. Verse 1 mentions one

neg: Fitra Calvinist term "Sensus divinitatis". In the 30th Chapter of the Quran, verse 30, the word Fitra is used in the context of the following verse "Set thy Face to religion as a Hanif in the primordial nature from God upon which originated mankind there is no altering the creation of God; that is upright but most mankind know not." Fitra in the Quran is closely linked to the concept of Hanif (Original Monotheism) and Nabbi Al Ummi (The Illiterate Prophet or The Aboriginal Prophet). In a Hadith, the prophet Muhammad states that children are born upon Fitra and are then

neg: Islamic views on evolution and what is tangible and seen. There is no contradiction between what is revealed in the Koran and natural selection and survival of the fittest'." Maurice Bucaille, famous in the Muslim world for his commentary on the Quran and science, attempted to reconcile evolution with the Quran by accepting animal evolution up to early hominid species, and then positing a separate hominid evolution leading to modern humans. However, these ideas differ from the theory of evolution as accepted by biologists. Contemporary Islamic scholar Yasir Qadhi believes that the idea that humans evolved is against the Quran, but says that God

neg: Hans Jansen part Jansen only sums up what other researchers already had found. Some examples: Jansen points out that the historically questionable traditions are of great importance for the interpretation of the Quran. The Quran mostly does not reveal the situation for which a revelation was made. The historical context is merely indicated, at best. Many Islamic traditions came into being long after Muhammad on the basis of mere guesses for what situation a Quranic verse had been revealed. By the historically questionable traditions the interpretation of Quran is restricted since then. In the epilogue, Jansen concluded without further ado that Muhammad

neg: Criticism of the Quran and ethical message. According to F. E. Peters, Professor Emeritus of History, Religion and Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies at New York University: What commends it (Quran) so powerfully to the historian is its authenticity, not as the Word of God, of course, as the Muslims believe but as the secular historian cannot and should not, but rather as a document attesting to what Muhammad said at that time and place, early seventh-century Mecca. It is not a transcript, however; our present Quran is the result of an edition prepared under the orders of Uthman... but the search for significant

neg: Quran According to the tests carried out by Oxford University Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, "with a probability of more than 95%, the parchment was from between 568 and 645". The manuscript is written in Hijazi script, an early form of written Arabic. This is possibly the earliest extant exemplar of the Quran, but as the tests allow a range of possible dates, it cannot be said with certainty which of the existing versions is the oldest. Saudi scholar Saud al-Sarhan has expressed doubt over the age of the fragments as they contain dots and chapter separators that are believed to have originated

neg: Astrolatry prohibition of Astrolatry is mentioned in the Quran through Prophet Abrahim observation of celestial bodies whose worship was common in Babylonian religion of that time. Below is the reference from Al-Quran, Surah Anaam, chapter 6, verses 75–80 75. Thus did we show Ibrahim (Abraham) the kingdom of the heavens and the earth that he be one of those who have Faith with certainty. 76. When the night covered him over with darkness he saw a star. He said: "This is my lord." But when it set, he said: "I like not those that set." 77. When he saw the moon

neg: Prayer in the Quran. The prayer is performed by the person while they are facing the Kaaba in Mecca. There is the "call for prayer" ("adhan"), where the "muezzin" calls for all the followers to stand together for the prayer. The prayer consists of actions such as glorifying and praising God (such as mentioning ‘Allāhu Akbar’ (God is Great)) while standing, recitation of chapters of the Quran (such as the opening chapter of the book ("Al-Fatiha")), bowing down then praising God, prostrating ("sujud") then again praising God and it ends with the words: "Peace be with you and God’s mercy". During

neg: Chiastic structure Documentary Hypothesis explained the repetition by hypothesizing two different authors or redactors (J or Jahwist and P or Priestly sources). The repetition may also show the literary artistry of a single author or editor, either working from one tradition or weaving together the J and P sources in chiastic fashion. While there are many examples of chiastic structure in the Quran, perhaps the most well known is in the 'Verse of the Throne' or 'Ayat al-Kursi'. The verse contains 9 sentences which exhibit chiasmus, but perhaps more interesting is that it is found in the longest chapter of the Quran,

neg: History of the Quran lectionary. (See also the articles Gerd R. Puin, and Alexander the Great in the Quran.) Fred Donner has argued for an early date for the collection of the Quran, based on his reading of the text itself. He points out that if the Quran had been collected over the tumultuous early centuries of Islam, with their vast conquests and expansion and bloody incidents between rivals for the caliphate, there would have been some evidence of this history in the text. However, there is nothing in the Quran that does not reflect what is known of the earliest Muslim community. In

neg: Al-Hujurat Al-Hujurat Sūrat al-Ḥujurāt (, "The Chambers") is the 49th chapter ("sura") of the Qur'an with 18 ayat. The chapter contains etiquette and norms to be observed in the Muslim community, including the proper conduct towards the prophet, an injunction against acting on news without verification, a call for peace and reconciliation, as well injunctions against defamation, suspicion, and backbiting. The chapter also declares a universal brotherhood among Muslims. The thirteenth verse, one of the most famous in the Quran, is understood by Muslim scholars to establish equality with regards to race and origin; only God can determine one's nobility based

neg: Gabriel to Muslim belief, God revealed the Quran to the Islamic prophet Muhammad through the angel Gabriel, and the fifty-third chapter of the text describes the angel without naming him, in a passage that Islamic commentators have unanimously interpreted as referring to Gabriel. The passage in question, , reads: Gabriel is also "named" numerous times in the Qur'an ( and for example). In , the Quran mentions Gabriel along with Michael, who is also venerated as an exalted angel in Islam. In Muslim tradition, Gabriel is considered one of the primary archangels. Exegesis narrates that Muhammad saw Gabriel in his full