query: which maratha leader has been rightly described as the second founder of maratha empire

pos: Balaji Vishwanath Balaji Vishwanath Balaji Vishwanath (Bhat) was born into a Konkanastha Brahmin (aka Chitpavan) family. The family hailed from the coastal Konkan region of present-day Maharashtra and were the hereditary Deshmukh for Shrivardhan under the Siddi of Janjira. He went out in search of employment to the upper regions of western ghats and worked as a mercenary trooper under various Maratha generals. According to Kincaid & Parasnis, Balaji Vishwanath entered the Maratha administration during the reign of Chhatrapati Sambhaji or the regency of his brother, Rajaram.Later he served as an accountant for the Maratha general, Dhanaji Jadhav, at Janjira. Between 1699

neg: Maratha Empire to the Maratha Empire and his management of external affairs kept the Maratha Empire away from the thrust of the British East India Company. Satara: Kolhapur: From Balaji Vishwanath onwards, actual power gradually shifted to the Bhat family Peshwas based in Pune. The Thanjavur Marathas were the rulers of Thanjavur principality of Tamil Nadu between the 17th and 19th centuries. Their native language was Thanjavur Marathi. Venkoji, Shahaji's son and Shivaji's half brother, was the founder of the dynasty. List of rulers of Thanjavur Maratha dynasty : Maratha Empire The Maratha Empire or the Maratha Confederacy was an Indian power

neg: Battles involving the Maratha Empire Battles involving the Maratha Empire The Imperial Maratha Conquests were a series of conquests in the Indian subcontinent which led to the building of the Maratha Empire. These conquests were started by Shivaji maharaj in 1659 from the victory at the Battle of Pratapgad. The conquests conclusively defeated and overtook the Mughal empire in India and its vassals. It ended with the eventual fall of the Maratha empire after the second and the third Anglo-Maratha Wars. After a lifetime of warfare with Adilshah of Bijapur and Mughal emperor Aurangzeb, Shivaji founded an independent Maratha kingdom in 1674 with Raigad as

neg: Maratha Navy "Angre state" lingered on till 1840, post which it was finally annexed to British India. The 2007 Hollywood film portrays a character named "Sri Sumbahjee", which is a purported reference to a Maratha Naval officer Maratha Navy The Maratha Navy refers to the naval wing of the armed forces of the Maratha Empire, which existed from around mid-17th century to mid-18th century in India. The Maratha ruler Shivaji was the founder of the navy of the Maratha military forces. Historian Sir Jadunath Sarkar noted: In medieval India, the Muslim rulers (such as the Deccan Sultanates and Mughal Sultanate) had mostly

neg: History of Maharashtra the early 19th century as the Maratha Empire. The term Maratha here is used in a comprehensive sense to include all Marathi-speaking people rather than the distinct community with the same name to which Shivaji, the founder of the maratha empire belonged. Chhatrapati Shivaji maharaj is considered the founder of the modern Marathi empire; his policies were instrumental in forging a distinct Maharashtrian identity. Shivaji Bhosale c. 1627/1630 – 3 April 1680), also known as Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, was a member of the Bhonsle clan. Shivaji carved out an enclave from the declining Adilshahi sultanate of Bijapur that formed the

neg: History of India credit for making the Marathas formidable power nationally goes to Peshwa Bajirao I. Historian K.K. Datta wrote that Bajirao I "may very well be regarded as the second founder of the Maratha Empire". By the early 18th century, the Maratha Kingdom had transformed itself into the Maratha Empire under the rule of the "Peshwas" (prime ministers). In 1737, the Marathas defeated a Mughal army in their capital, in the Battle of Delhi. The Marathas continued their military campaigns against the Mughals, Nizam, Nawab of Bengal and the Durrani Empire to further extend their boundaries. By 1760, the domain of the

neg: Mahadaji Shinde Mahadaji Shinde Mahadaji Shinde (Marathi: महादजी शिंदे Mahādajī Śiṃdē) (Birth: 3 December 1730) & (Died: 12 February 1794) also spelled as Mahadji Scindia, was a Maratha Statesman and ruler of Gwalior in Northern India. He was the fifth and the youngest son of Ranoji Rao Scindia, the founder of the Scindia dynasty. Mahadaji was instrumental in resurrecting Maratha power in North India after the Third Battle of Panipat in 1761, and rose to become a trusted lieutenant of the Peshwa, leader of the Maratha Empire. Along with Madhavrao I and Nana Fadnavis, he was one of the three pillars of

neg: Sambhaji Sambhaji Sambhaji (14 May 1657 – 11 March 1689) was the second ruler of the Maratha kingdom. He was the eldest son of Shivaji, the founder of the Maratha Empire and his first wife Saibai. He was successor of the realm after his father's death, and ruled it for nine years. Sambhaji's rule was largely shaped by the ongoing wars between the Maratha kingdom and Mughal Empire as well as other neighbouring powers such as the Siddis, Mysore and the Portuguese in Goa. In 1689, Sambhaji was captured, tortured and executed by the Mughals, and succeeded by his brother Rajaram

neg: Maratha Navy Maratha Navy The Maratha Navy refers to the naval wing of the armed forces of the Maratha Empire, which existed from around mid-17th century to mid-18th century in India. The Maratha ruler Shivaji was the founder of the navy of the Maratha military forces. Historian Sir Jadunath Sarkar noted: In medieval India, the Muslim rulers (such as the Deccan Sultanates and Mughal Sultanate) had mostly ignored the naval arm of their military forces. It may be because they came overland from the North and won decisively in land battles. This scenario changed, however, when the Portuguese arrived in India and

neg: Bhonsle Bhonsle The Bhonsle (or Bhonsale, Bhosale, Bhosle) are a prominent group within the Maratha clan system. Traditionally a warrior clan, some members served as rulers of several states in India, the most prominent being Shivaji, the founder of the Maratha Empire which displaced the Mughal Empire as the preeminent political and military power in India. His successors ruled as Chhatrapatis (emperors) from their capital at Satara, although "de facto" rule of the empire passed to the Peshwas, the Maratha hereditary chief ministers, during the reign of Shahu I. In addition to the Bhonsle Chhatrapatis of Satara, rulers of the Bhonsle

neg: Bhonsle [[Category:Marathi-language surnames]] [[Category:Hindu dynasties]] [[Category:Indian family names]] Bhonsle The Bhonsle (or Bhonsale, Bhosale, Bhosle) are a prominent group within the Maratha clan system. Traditionally a warrior clan, some members served as rulers of several states in India, the most prominent being Shivaji, the founder of the Maratha Empire which displaced the Mughal Empire as the preeminent political and military power in India. His successors ruled as Chhatrapatis (emperors) from their capital at Satara, although "de facto" rule of the empire passed to the Peshwas, the Maratha hereditary chief ministers, during the reign of Shahu I. In addition to the Bhonsle

neg: Maratha Empire In a bid to effectively manage the large empire, Madhavrao gave semi-autonomy to the strongest of the knights, and created a confederacy of Maratha states. These leaders became known as the Gaekwads of Baroda, the Holkars of Indore and Malwa, the Scindias of Gwalior and Ujjain, the Bhonsales of Nagpur and the Puars of Dhar and Dewas. In 1775, the East India Company intervened in a Peshwa family succession struggle in Pune, which led to the First Anglo-Maratha War. The Maratha were victorious. The Maratha remained the pre-eminent power in India until their defeat in the Second and Third Anglo-Maratha

neg: Maratha Empire Wars (1805-1818), which resulted in the East India Company controlling most of India. A large portion of the Maratha empire was coastline, which had been secured by the potent Maratha Navy under commanders such as Kanhoji Angre. He was very successful at keeping foreign naval ships at bay, particularly those of the Portuguese and British nations. Securing the coastal areas and building land-based fortifications were crucial aspects of the Maratha's defensive strategy and regional military history. The Maratha Empire is also referred to as the Maratha Confederacy. The historian Barbara Ramusack says that the former is a designation preferred by

neg: Maratha Empire the Maratha Empire, following the Second Anglo-Maratha War of 1803–1805, Marathas lost these territories to the British East India Company. During the 17th century through late 18th century, the Maratha emperors, prime ministers, and dominion/fiefdom chiefs contributed on military as well as non-military fronts such as building forts, naval facilities, development of towns, constructing and patronizing temples, among others. During the 19th and 20th centuries, when Maratha principalities ruled as a feudatory of the British, Maratha rulers built palaces, contributed towards fine arts, introduced social reforms, and developed civic amenities in their territories. The Maratha army was not homogenous, but

neg: Maratha Empire of the Peshwas. After the death of Chhatrapati Shahu and with the death of Madhavrao – I, various chiefs played the role of the "de facto" rulers in their own regions. Shivaji (1627–1680) was a Maratha aristocrat of the Bhosle clan who is considered to be the founder of the Maratha empire. Shivaji led a resistance to free the Marathi people from the Sultanate of Bijapur from 1645 and establish Hindavi Swarajya (self-rule of Hindu people). He created an independent Maratha kingdom with Raigad as its capital and successfully fought against the Mughals to defend his kingdom. He was crowned

neg: Battle of Koregaon Naravane, "this gallant defense by a small number of Company's troops against an overwhelming Maratha force is rightly considered as one of the most glorious example of valour and fortitude in the annals of the Company's forces." Neither side achieved a decisive victory in the battle. Shortly after the battle, Mountstuart Elphinstone described it as a "small victory" for the Peshwa. Nevertheless, the East India Company government praised the bravery of its troops, who could not be overpowered despite being outnumbered. Notwithstanding this, the battle being one of the last ones to be fought in the Third Anglo-Maratha War, has

neg: Saharanpur district The most significant contribution of Nawab Ghulam Qadir to Saharanpur city is the Nawab Ganj area and the Ahmedabadi fortress therein, which still stands. The death of Ghulam Qadir put an end to the Rohilla administration in Saharanpur and it became the northernmost district of the Maratha Empire. Ghani Bahadur Banda was appointed its first Maratha governor. The Maratha Regime saw the construction of the Bhuteshwar Temple and Bagheshwar Temple in Saharanpur city. In 1803, following the Second Anglo-Maratha War, when the British East India Company defeated the Maratha Empire, Saharanpur came under British suzerainty. Saharanpur is located at ,

neg: Madhavrao I Madhavrao I Madhav Rao I (February 14, 1745 – November 18, 1772) was the fourth Peshwa of the Maratha Empire. During his tenure, the Maratha empire recovered from the losses they suffered during the Third Battle of Panipat, a phenomenon known as Maratha Resurrection. He is considered one of the greatest Peshwas in Maratha history. Madhavrao was second son of Nanasaheb Peshwa. He was born in Savnur in 1745. At the time of his birth, Maratha Empire was stretched across a sizeable portion of Western, Central and Northern India. On December 9, 1753, Madhavrao married Ramabai in Pune. Nanasaheb had

neg: Battles involving the Maratha Empire until dissension between the Peshwas and their sardars (army commanders) saw a gradual downfall of the empire with the eventual defeat in the third Anglo-Maratha war the First Anglo-Maratha War ended in a stalemate with both sides signing the treaty of Salbai. This led to a period of relative peace between the two powers till the decisive second Anglo-Maratha war took place. The Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817–1818) was the final and decisive conflict between the British East India Company and the Maratha Empire in India. The war left the Company in control of most of India. It began with an

neg: Saharanpur appointed its first Maratha governor. The Maratha Regime saw the construction of the Bhuteshwar Temple and Bagheshwar Temple in Saharanpur city. In 1803, following the Second Anglo-Maratha War, when the British East India Company defeated the Maratha Empire, Saharanpur came under British suzerainty. Saharanpur is located at ,Falling Rain Genomics, Inc – Saharanpur about south-southeast of Chandigarh, north-northeast of Delhi, and about south-west of Dehradun. It has an average elevation of . Saharanpur is a part of a geographical "doab" region. Provisional 2011 census data indicates that Saharanpur has a population of 705,478, out of which males were 371,740 and

neg: Deogarh, Madhya Pradesh the Maratha leader Raghoji Bhonsle, who governed neighboring Berar in the name of the "Peshwa" of the Maratha Empire. The Gond kingdom was annexed to the Maratha empire, and ruled by Raghoji's successors. The Bhonsle kingdom was defeated the British in the Anglo-Maratha Wars, and became a princely state of British India. The Nagpur kingdom was annexed by the British in 1853 under the Doctrine of lapse, and was governed as Nagpur Province until 1861, when it became part of the Central Provinces. After India's independence in 1947, the Central Provinces became the new state of Madhya Pradesh. Deogarh, Madhya

neg: Maratha Empire heir to the throne against rival claimants and they signed a treaty with the new Maharaja recognising his independence from the Maratha Empire in return for his acknowledgement of British paramountcy. Before the Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803–1805), the Peshwa Baji Rao II signed a similar treaty. The defeat in Battle of Delhi, 1803 during Second Anglo-Maratha War resulted in the loss of the city of Delhi for the Marathas. The Second Anglo-Maratha War represents the military high-water mark of the Marathas who posed the last serious opposition to the formation of the British Raj. The real contest for India was

neg: History of India the new British Raj. In the early 18th century the Maratha Empire extended suzerainty over the Indian subcontinent. Under the Peshwas, the Marathas consolidated and ruled over much of South Asia. The Marathas are credited to a large extent for ending Mughal rule in India. The Maratha kingdom was founded and consolidated by Chatrapati Shivaji, a Maratha aristocrat of the Bhonsle clan who was determined to establish Hindavi Swarajya. Sir J.N. Sarkar described Shivaji as "the last great constructive genius and nation builder that the Hindu race has produced". While, Venkoji, Shivaji's half-brother founded the Thanjavur Maratha kingdom. However, the

neg: Battles involving the Maratha Empire Himat Nagar (1748). The army of Malharrao Holkar joined the Shinde army to bring all the Rajput states under Maratha control and force them to accept Maratha suzerainty, as directed by the Peshwa. Under this campaign, several city states were added to the Maratha Empire such as Medtya, Ratangarh, Lalgarh, Bikaner, Laswari, Lachhmangarh, and other states with territory of Jaipur and Jodhpur agreed to become vassals of the Maratha Empire. All the Jat states except Bharatpur and Vijaynagar too were conquered. Mathura which was under Mughal rule was conquered by Mahadji in 1755. When the Maratha army crossed the Narmada

neg: Maratha Light Infantry Maratha Light Infantry The Maratha Light Infantry is a light infantry regiment of the Indian Army. It traces its lineage to the Bombay Sepoys, raised in 1768, making it the most senior light infantry regiment in the Indian Army. The class composition of the regiment was and is primarily formed by hardy, frugal and disciplined Maratha recruits from the former Maratha Empire. The men are mostly drawn from all over the state of Maharashtra, with some percentage from Marathi-speaking areas of Karnataka including Coorg. The regimental centre has been in Belgaum, Karnataka, since 1922, which was part of the Bombay

neg: Akola Shahu brought the whole Berar province including Akola district under the Maratha Empire around 1734. In 1749 at the time of his death, Shahu appointed the Peshwa as the head of the Maratha Empire with certain conditions to follow. The Berar province remained under the Marathas. The Battle of Argaon, (or Adgaon near Akot) in took place on 28 November 1803 between the British under the command of Governor Arthur Wellesley and the forces of Maratha under Bhonsle of Nagpur during Second Anglo-Maratha War. In the third Anglo-Maratha War, the last Peshwa Baji Rao II, was defeated by the British.

neg: Krishnapura Chhatri in Maratha service, the Holkars fought against the Mughal empire and the British East India Company. However, following the Third Anglo-Maratha War and the subsequent collapse of the Maratha empire in 1818, the Holkars agreed to establish a protectorate on behalf of the East India Company in Indore. This diplomatic move established the Holkar dynasty, which ruled Indore until Indian Independence in 1948. The Krishnapura Chhatri themselves were built in the mid 19th century to honor the deceased members of the Holkar dynasty. They are named for Krishna Bai Holkar, the wife of famed military leader Yashwantrao Holkar and the

neg: John Hessing John Hessing John Hessing (November 5, 1739 – July 21, 1803) was a military officer who served in the armies of the Maratha Empire in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Hessing commanded 3000 Maratha regular troops in the Battle of Kardla, where the Maratha armies defeated the Nizam of Hyderabad on March 12, 1795. In June 1801 Hessing commanded four battalions outside Ujjain, which were attacked and defeated by Yashwantrao Holkar, the Maratha ruler of Indore. Hessing fought with the Maratha armies against the British in the Second Anglo-Maratha War. He died in Agra on 21 July 1803

neg: Second Anglo-Maratha War Second Anglo-Maratha War The Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803–1805) was the second conflict between the British East India Company and the Maratha Empire in India. The British had supported the "fugitive" Peshwa Raghunathrao in the First Anglo-Maratha War, continued with his "fugitive" son, Baji Rao II. Though not as martial in his courage as his father, the son was "a past master in deceit and intrigue." Coupled with his "cruel streak", Baji Rao II soon provoked the enmity of Malhar Rao Holkar when he had one of Holkar's relatives killed. After the fall of Mysore in 1799–1800, the Marathas were the

neg: Battles involving the Maratha Empire making them retreat and Tipu Sultan conquered Savanur soon after. The Siege of Bahadur Benda happened between the forces of Tipu Sultan of Mysore and the Maratha forces of Haripant. Tipu Sultan defeated the Maratha forces. Following this battle, a peace agreement was signed between the [Empire of Mysore] and the Maratha Empire, which allowed for Tipu Sultan to focus his resources into combating the British Empire. The Battle of Gajendragad was fought in June 1786, during the Maratha-Mysore War. An army of the Maratha Empire led by Tukoji Rao Holkar, defeated the army of Tipu Sultan and captured the

neg: Sambhaji Brigade demand free education for Maratha children and registered marriages instead of religious ceremonies. The organization has been described as having a wikt:Liberal secular stand and has been repeatedly criticized for its extremist Anti-conservative views. Purushottam Khedekar is one of the founders of this organisation. He is also prominent in the Maratha Seva Sangh, a related organisation and co-founder of Shivdharma. Khedekar has written many anti-Brahmin books like "Bhatta Cha Kardhankal" (a book with virulently anti-Brahmin propaganda) and "Maharaj Mala Maaf Kara" (Translates as" Your Majesty, I ask for your forgiveness". This book abused 17th century Marathi Hindu saint Samarth Ramdas).

neg: Pratap Singh, Raja of Satara Pratap Singh, Raja of Satara Pratap Singh Bhosle (18 January 1793 - 14 October 1847) was the nominal emperor of the Maratha Empire, Satara from 1808 to 1819 but the main control was under the hands of Peshwas and Raja of Satara until 1839 when he was deposed by the British. Pratap Singh was the eldest son of Shahu II of Satara, whom he succeeded, and a descendant of Chhatrapati Shivaji Raje Bhonsle, the founder of the Maratha Empire. Pratap Singh has build Pune-Satara Road, Build New Palace called Rajwada which was used as a court last 150 years,(Now in

neg: Western India around 290 per square km. The average fertility rate is about 2.2, while the average household size is about 4.7. The states of Maharashtra, Gujarat and Goa are culturally varied and distinct. Maharashtrian culture derives from the ancient Hindu Vedic culture influenced deeply by the Maratha Empire. Maharashtrians take great pride in the Maratha Empire, and many places in Maharashtra are named after the founder of the Empire, Shivaji. Marathi literature and cinema are popular in the state as well as across India. Bollywood has had a huge impact on the lifestyle and culture of this part of India as

neg: Maynak Bhandari Maynak Bhandari Maynak Bhandari was one of the first chiefs or Admiral of the Maratha Navy under Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, and helped in both building the Maratha Navy and safeguarding the coastline of the emerging Maratha Empire. Under his leadership, Maratha navy won the battle at Khanderi fort near Alibaug. He was belong to the Bhandari caste. Along with Daria Sarang, another admiral who served Maharaj, Bhandari commanded a naval fleet of 200 ships. Their official titles of Mai Nayak Bhandari and Daria Sarang translate to Water Leader and Sea Captain, respectively. The Maratha Navy was the forerunner of India's

neg: Battle of Assaye Battle of Assaye The Battle of Assaye was a major battle of the Second Anglo-Maratha War fought between the Maratha Empire and the British East India Company. It occurred on 23 September 1803 near Assaye in western India where an outnumbered Indian and British force under the command of Major General Arthur Wellesley (who later became the Duke of Wellington) defeated a combined Maratha army of Daulat Scindia and the Raja of Berar. The battle was the Duke of Wellington's first major victory and one he later described as his finest accomplishment on the battlefield, even more so than his

neg: Battle of Assaye Battle of Assaye The Battle of Assaye was a major battle of the Second Anglo-Maratha War fought between the Maratha Empire and the British East India Company. It occurred on 23 September 1803 near Assaye in western India where an outnumbered Indian and British force under the command of Major General Arthur Wellesley (who later became the Duke of Wellington) defeated a combined Maratha army of Daulat Scindia and the Raja of Berar. The battle was the Duke of Wellington's first major victory and one he later described as his finest accomplishment on the battlefield, even more so than his

neg: Battles involving the Maratha Empire invasion of Maratha territory by 110,400 British East India Company troops, the largest such British controlled force amassed in India. The troops were led by the Governor General Hastings and he was supported by a force under General Thomas Hislop. It resulted in the formal end of the Maratha empire and the firm establishment of the British East India Company in almost the entire Indian subcontinent. Battles involving the Maratha Empire The Imperial Maratha Conquests were a series of conquests in the Indian subcontinent which led to the building of the Maratha Empire. These conquests were started by Shivaji maharaj

neg: History of Goan Catholics migrated to South Canara. This migration is referred as the "Second Wave of Migration". The attacks of the Maratha Empire on Goa, during the mid 16th century, was also a cause of migration. In 1664, Shivaji, the founder of the Maratha empire, attacked Kudal, a town north of Goa, and began his campaign for Goa. After Shivaji's death on 3 April 1680, his son Sambhaji ascended to the throne. The onslaught of Sambahji, along the northern territories of Goa drove nearly all the Christians from their homelands, and most of them migrated to South Canara. This migration is referred as

neg: Third Anglo-Maratha War Presidency and the territory seized from the Pindaris became the Central Provinces of British India. The princes of Rajputana became symbolic feudal lords who accepted the British as the paramount power. Thus Francis Rawdon-Hastings redrew the map of India to a state which remained more or less unaltered until the time of Lord Dalhousie. The British brought an obscure descendant of Shivaji, the founder of the Maratha Empire, to be the ceremonial head of the Maratha Confederacy to replace the seat of the Peshwa. An infant from the Holkar family was appointed as the ruler of Nagpur under British guardianship.

neg: Maratha Empire descendants played a key role in the expansion of Maratha rule. The empire at its peak stretched from Tamil Nadu in the south, to Peshawar (modern-day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan) in the north, and Bengal Subah in the east. The Maratha discussed abolishing the Mughal throne and placing Vishwasrao Peshwa on the Mughal imperial throne in Delhi. In 1761, the Maratha Army lost the Third Battle of Panipat to Ahmad Shah Abdali of the Afghan Durrani Empire, which halted their imperial expansion into Afghanistan. Ten years after Panipat, the young Peshwa Madhavrao I's Maratha Resurrection reinstated Maratha authority over North India.

neg: Bajaji Rao Naik Nimbalkar Bajaji Rao Naik Nimbalkar Bajajirao Mudhoji Naik Nimbalkar was a Maratha nobleman and sixteenth Raja of Phaltan Jagir during 1644-1676. He was "sardar" of Deccan Sultanates and Maratha nobleman. He succeeded throne of Phaltan after his father Naik Nimbalkar Mudhoji II. He was sixteenth direct descent from Padakla Jagdevrao Parmar, the founder of his dynasty and Phaltan. Bajaji was the brother-in-law of Shivaji, the founder of Maratha Empire, as his sister Maharani Saibai was his first wife. His sons were Mahadaji and Vanangoji. Mahadaji married Sakhubai, the eldest daughter of Shivaji and Saibai. He fought many battles for sultans of

neg: Yashwantrao Holkar Yashwantrao Holkar "H. H. Maharajadhiraj Raj Rajeshwar Shrimant" Yashwant Rao Holkar (Marathi: यशवंतराव होळकर) Bahadur, belonging to the subordinate feudatoryHolkar dynasty of the Maratha Empires was the subordinate feudatory raja of the Maratha Empire. He was born on 3 December 1776. He was a gifted military leader and educated in accountancy as well as literate in Persian and Marathi. Yashwant Rao has been referred to by his fans as the "Napoleon of India". In January 1799, Yashwant Rao Holkar was crowned King, as per Hindu Vedic rites and in May, 1799, he captured Ujjain. He started campaigning towards the north

neg: Maratha with Shivaji a power to be reckoned with". Professor Cynthia Talbot from the University of Texas quotes a saying in Maharashtra, "when a Kunbi prospers he becomes Maratha". The Kunbi origin has been one of the factors on the basis of which the head of Maharashtra State Backward Class Commission (MSBC), a Judge, M.G.Gaikwad, and some others in 2018, stated that Maratha associations have submitted proofs and petitions to be included in the Other Backward Class. The empire also resulted in the voluntary relocation of substantial numbers of Maratha and other Marathi-speaking people outside Maharashtra, and across a big part

neg: Pilaji Rao Gaekwad Pilaji Rao Gaekwad Pilajirao Gaekwad (d. 14 May 1732) was a Maratha general. He is considered to be the founder of the Gaekwad dynasty of the Maratha Empire, who became Maharaja of Baroda. Pilaji was the eldest son of Jhingojirao Kerojirao Gaekwad. He was adopted by his uncle Damaji I Gaekwad (died 1721), who had been given the hereditary title of "Shamsher Bahadur" by Chhattrapati Shahu for bravery in a battle. The Gaekwads were originally lieutenants of the Dabhade family, the Maratha chiefs of Gujarat and holders of the "senapati" (commander-in-chief) title. Pilaji was a "mutalik" (deputy) of Trimbak Rao

neg: Maratha emperors Kashmir in the north to the Kaveri basin in the south. Peshwas served as subordinates to the Chhatrapati (the Maratha king), but later, they became the leaders of the Marathas, and the Chatrapati was reduced to a nominal ruler. During the last years of the Maratha Empire, Peshwe were instrumental in expanding the Maratha empire to this extent. Maratha emperors The Maratha emperors, belonging to the Bhonsale dynasty, from the early 17th century to the early 18th century, built and ruled the Maratha Empire on the Indian subcontinent, mainly corresponding to the modern countries of Bangladesh, India and Pakistan. )

neg: Battles involving the Maratha Empire Ali, and a number of prominent persons lost their lives. This initial success at once enhanced Maratha prestige in the south. From Damalcherry the Marathas proceeded to Arcot. Then, Raghuji invested Trichinopoly in December 1740. The Battle of Katwa occurred between the Nawab of Bengal and Maratha Empire in 1742. The Maratha's initially attacked and captured Katwa and Hooghly, in Bengal. The Nawab of Bengal Ali Vardi Khan responded with a direct attack at the Maratha camp at Katwa and devastated them so much that the entire Maratha army was driven out of Bengal on September 17, 1742. The Second

neg: Mughal–Maratha Wars Mughal–Maratha Wars The Mughal–Maratha Wars, also called the Maratha War of Independence, were fought between the Maratha Empire and the Mughal Empire from 1680 to 1707. The Deccan Wars started in 1680 with the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb’s invasion of the Maratha enclave in Bijapur established by Chatrapati Shivaji. In the first half of 1681, many Mughal contingents were dispatched to lay siege to Maratha forts in present-day Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Madhya Pradesh. Sambhaji provided shelter to the emperor's rebel son Sultan Muhammad Akbar, which angered Aurangzeb. In September 1681, after settling his dispute with the royal house of Mewar,

neg: Uttar Pradesh Akbar's rule. Akbar ruled from Agra and Fatehpur Sikri. In the 18th century, after the fall of Mughal authority, the power vacuum was filled by the Maratha Empire, in the mid-18th century, the Maratha army invaded the Uttar Pradesh region, which resulted in Rohillas losing control of Rohilkhand to the Maratha forces led by Raghunath Rao and Malharao Holkar. The conflict between Rohillas and Marathas came to an end on 18 December 1788 with the arrest of Ghulam Qadir, the grandson of Najeeb-ud-Daula, who was defeated by the Maratha general Mahadaji Scindia. In 1803, following the Second Anglo-Maratha War, when

neg: History of Ahmednagar History of Ahmednagar Ahmednagar, a city in Maharashtra, India, was established in the 1490s. Its history is closely linked to the history of Nizam Shahi sultanate, Shivaji Maharaj, the founder of the Maratha empire, and to the Peshwa, the ministers of the Maratha empire and later the Maratha confederacy At Bhingar the site of his great victory over Jahangir Khan, midway between Junnar and Daulatabad, Ahmad resolved to found his capital there and from it determined to send an army every year to lay waste to the country round Daulatabad till he reduced it. In 1494 he laid the foundation

neg: Kanhoji Angre from Calicut with six English sailors and took it to his harbor. In 1707, he attacked the frigate "Bombay" which blew up during the fight. In time, the British feared as he could take any merchant ship except large European ships. When Maratha Chattrapati Shahu ascended the leadership of the Maratha Empire, he appointed Balaji Viswanath Bhat as his "Senakarta" (Commander) and negotiated an agreement with Angre around 1707. This was partly to appease Angre who supported the other ruler, Tarabai, who claimed the Maratha throne. As per agreement, Angre became head of the Maratha Navy. When the Maratha empire

neg: Baji Rao II Baji Rao II Baji Rao II (10 January, 1775 – 28 January, 1851) was the last Peshwa of the Maratha Empire, and governed from 1795 to 1818. He was installed as a puppet ruler by the Maratha nobles, whose growing power prompted him to flee his capital Pune and sign the Treaty of Bassein (1802) with the British. This resulted in the Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803-1805), in which the British emerged victorious and re-installed him as the titular Peshwa. In 1817, Baji Rao II joined the Third Anglo-Maratha War against the British, after they favoured the Gaekwad nobles in a

neg: Jijabai key decision makers. Soon after the escape from Agra, Shivaji remained away for several months. During Shivaji Raje's absence, Jijabai took a rein of the kingdom and ruled it deftly. Her role as a founder of Maratha Empire is vastly neglected by historians. She died soon after coronation of Shivaji on 17 June 1674. Shivaji was heartbroken by her death. Jijabai Jijabai Shahaji Bhonsale (12 January 1598 – 17 June 1674), sometimes referred to as Rajmata Jijabai, was the mother of Shivaji Maharaj, founder of Maratha Empire. She is daughter of Lakhuji Jadhavrao of Sindhkhed, a Mughal-aligned sardar claiming descent

neg: Maratha Empire of Maratha Empire in an appropriate state. He received military help from the Maratha commanders – Santaji Ghorpade and Dhanaji Jadhav. On many occasions he himself participated in battles against Mughals. In 1698, he stepped down from the post of "Hukumat Panha" when Rajaram offered this post to his wife, Tarabai. Tarabai gave an important position to Pant among senior administrators of Maratha State. He wrote Adnyapatra (मराठी: आज्ञापत्र) in which he has explained different techniques of war, maintenance of forts and administration etc. But owing to his loyalty to Tarabai against Shahuji (who was supported by more local satraps),

neg: History of Pakistan and social reformer in north India and the saintly founder of a modern monotheistic order and first of the ten divine Gurus of Sikh religion. At the age of 70, he died at Kartarpur, Punjab of modern-day Pakistan. In 1761, following the victory at the Third battle of Panipat between the Durrani and the Maratha Empire, Ahmad Shah Abdali captured remnants of the Maratha Empire in Punjab and Kashmir regions and had re-consolidated control over them. In 1758, the Maratha Empire's general Raghunath Rao attacked and conquered Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Kashmir and drove out Timur Shah Durrani, the son

neg: Maratha Empire children) and pilgrims at Agra and not take them to the battle field with the soldiers, rejected their co-operation. Their supply chains (earlier assured by Raja Suraj Mal and Rajputs) did not exist. Peshwa Madhavrao I was the fourth Peshwa of the Maratha Empire. It was during his tenure that the Maratha Resurrection took place. He worked as a unifying force in the Maratha Empire and moved to the south to subdue Nizam and Mysore to assert Maratha power. He sent generals such as Bhonsle, Scindia and Holkar to the north, where they re-established Maratha authority by the early 1770s.

neg: Maratha Empire Indian nationalists, while the latter was that used by British historians. She notes, "neither term is fully accurate since one implies a substantial degree of centralisation and the other signifies some surrender of power to a central government and a longstanding core of political administrators. Maratha power was fragmented among several discrete fragments". Although at present, the word Maratha refers to a particular caste of warriors and peasants, in the past the word has been used to describe Marathi people. The empire had its head in the Chhatrapati as "de jure", but the "de facto" governance was in the hands

neg: Maratha Army accompanied Maratha forces during their campaigns and helped win wars in return for plunder and pay. They were a part of the Maratha Army during the Third Battle of Panipat and almost all Anglo-Maratha Wars. Maratha Army Maratha (or Mahratta) Army refers to the land-based armed forces of the Maratha Kingdom of India, which existed from the late 17th to the early 19th centuries in India. The formation, rise, and decline of the armies of the Maratha Kingdom can be broadly divided into two eras Chhatrapati Shivaji, the founder of Maratha polity, raised a small yet effective land army. For

neg: Battles involving the Maratha Empire forces led by Diler Khan and Sambhaji. The Battle of Sangamner was fought between the Mughal Empire and Maratha Empire in 1679. This was the last battle in which the Maratha King Shivaji fought. The Mughals had attacked Shivaji when he was returning from a sack on Jalna. The Marathas engaged in battle with the Mughals for three days until Maratha General, Sidhoji Nimbalkar was killed alongside 2,000 Maratha soldiers. The Marathas were largely decimated, however Shivaji managed to flee with 500 men. The fort of Salher dominated the route between Surat and the realms of Shivaji. There was a

neg: Third Anglo-Maratha War Empire was on the decline. The British had been victorious in the previous Anglo-Maratha war and the Marathas were at their mercy. The Peshwa of the Maratha Empire at this time was Baji Rao II. Several Maratha leaders who had formerly sided with the Peshwa were now under British control or protection. The British had an arrangement with the Gaekwad dynasty of the Maratha province of Baroda to prevent the Peshwa from collecting revenue in that province. Gaekwad sent an envoy to the Peshwa in Pune to negotiate a dispute regarding revenue collection. The envoy, Gangadhar Shastri, was under British

neg: Tarabai retained Rajaram II as the titular Chhatrapati and a powerless figurehead. Tarabai Tarabai Bhosale (14 April 16759 December 1761) was the regent of the Maratha Empire of India from 1700 until 1708. She was the queen of Chhatrapati Rajaram Bhosale, daughter-in-law of the empire's founder Shivaji and mother of Shivaji II. She is acclaimed for her role in keeping alive the resistance against Mughal occupation of Maratha territories after the death of her spouse, and acted as regent during the minority of her son. Tarabai came from the Mohite clan and was daughter of famed Maratha general Hambirao Mohite. She

neg: First Anglo-Maratha War First Anglo-Maratha War The First Anglo-Maratha War (1775–1782) was the first of three Anglo-Maratha wars fought between the British East India Company and Maratha Empire in India. The war began with the Treaty of Surat and ended with the Treaty of Salbai. After the death of Madhavrao Peshwa in 1772, his brother Narayanrao became Peshwa of the Maratha Empire. Narayan Rao (10 August 1755 – 30 August 1773) was the fifth Peshwa or ruler of the Maratha Empire from November 1772 until his murder by his palace guards in August 1773. Narayanrao's widow, Gangabai, gave birth to a posthumous son,

neg: Third Anglo-Maratha War Marathas from central India. Peshwa Baji Rao II's forces, supported by those of Mudhoji II Bhonsle of Nagpur and Malharrao Holkar III of Indore, rose against the East India Company. Pressure and diplomacy convinced the fourth major Maratha leader, Daulatrao Shinde of Gwalior, to remain neutral even though he lost control of Rajasthan. British victories were swift, resulting in the breakup of the Maratha Empire and the loss of Maratha independence. The Peshwa was defeated in the battles of Khadki and Koregaon. Several minor battles were fought by the Peshwa's forces to prevent his capture. The Peshwa was eventually captured

neg: Gujarat Gujarat came under control of the Hindu Maratha Empire that rose defeating the Muslim Mughals and who dominated the politics of India. Most notably, from 1705 to 1716, Senapati Khanderao Dabhade led the Maratha Empire forces in Baroda. Pilaji Gaekwad, first ruler of Gaekwad dynasty, established the control over Baroda and other parts of Gujarat. The British East India Company wrested control of much of Gujarat from the Marathas during the Second Anglo-Maratha War in 1802–1803. Many local rulers, notably the Rajput Maratha Gaekwad Maharajas of Baroda (Vadodara), made a separate peace with the British and acknowledged British sovereignty in

neg: Battles involving the Maratha Empire a century and innumerable long and short battles. The war ended with the death of Aurangzeb in 1707. It also paved the way for the Maratha expansion in the North. The Peshwas controlled the Maratha army and they later became the hereditary rulers of the Maratha Empire from 1749 to 1818. During their rein, the Maratha empire reached its zenith ruling most of the Indian Subcontinent. Prior to 1700 one Peshwa received the status of king for eight or nine years. They oversaw the greatest expansion of the Maratha Empire around 1760, and also its eventual annexation by the British

neg: Maratha Empire Maratha Empire The Maratha Empire or the Maratha Confederacy was an Indian power that dominated much of the Indian subcontinent in the 17th and 18th century. The empire formally existed from 1674 with the coronation of "Chhatrapati" Shivaji and ended in 1818 with the defeat of "Peshwa" Bajirao II. The Marathas are credited to a large extent for ending Mughal rule in India. The Maratha were a Marathi warrior group from the western Deccan Plateau (present-day Maharashtra) who rose to prominence by establishing a Hindavi Swarajya (meaning "self-rule of Hindu/Indian people"). The Maratha became prominent in the 17th century under

neg: Tarabai Tarabai Tarabai Bhosale (14 April 16759 December 1761) was the regent of the Maratha Empire of India from 1700 until 1708. She was the queen of Chhatrapati Rajaram Bhosale, daughter-in-law of the empire's founder Shivaji and mother of Shivaji II. She is acclaimed for her role in keeping alive the resistance against Mughal occupation of Maratha territories after the death of her spouse, and acted as regent during the minority of her son. Tarabai came from the Mohite clan and was daughter of famed Maratha general Hambirao Mohite. She also was the niece of Soyarabai and therefore a cousin of

neg: Maloji Bhosale Maloji Bhosale Maloji Raje Bhonsle was a Maratha sardar (general) who served the Ahmadnagar Sultanate in Malik Ambar's army. He was the father of Shahaji and the grandfather of Shivaji, the founder of the Maratha Empire. Maloji was born in 1552 to Babaji Bhonsle (d. 1597), a patil (chief) of the Hingni Berdi and Devalgaon villages around Pune. The family belonged to the Bhonsle Maratha clan, and claimed descent from the Suryavanshi Sisodia Rajput royal family of Udaipur. Maloji had a younger brother, Vithoji. Maloji and his brother Vithoji migrated away from Pune, and initially served as petty horsemen under

neg: History of the world to the Mughal Empire. Starting in the northwest, the Mughal Empire would by the late 17th century come to rule the entire subcontinent, except for the southernmost Indian provinces, which would remain independent. Against the Muslim Mughal Empire, the Hindu Maratha Empire was founded on the west coast in 1674, gradually gaining territory—a majority of present-day India—from the Mughals over several decades, particularly in the Mughal–Maratha Wars (1681–1701). The Maratha Empire would in 1818 fall under the control of the British East India Company, with all former Maratha and Mughal authority devolving in 1858 to the British Raj. In 1511

neg: History of Maharashtra Mughal Empire. During much of this era, the Peshwas, belonging to the (Bhat) Deshmukh Marathi Chitpavan Brahmin family, controlled the Maratha army and later became the hereditary heads of the Maratha Empire from 1749 to 1818. During their rein, the Maratha empire reached its zenith in 1760, dominating most of the Indian subcontinent. Bajirao I, the second Peshwa from the Bhat family was only 20 when appointed Peshwa. For his campaigns in North India, he actively promoted young leaders of his own age such as Ranoji Shinde, Malharrao Holkar, the Puar brothers and Pilaji Gaekwad. These leaders also did not

neg: Shivaji Peshwa Balaji Bajirao. At its peak,the Maratha empire stretched from Tamil Nadu in the south, to Peshawar (modern-day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) in the north, and Bengal. In 1761, the Maratha army lost the Third Battle of Panipat to Ahmed Shah Abdali of the Afghan Durrani Empire, which halted their imperial expansion in northwestern India. Ten years after Panipat, young Madhavrao Peshwa reinstated Maratha authority over North India. In a bid to effectively manage the large empire, Shahu and the Peshwas gave semi-autonomy to the strongest of the knights, creating the Maratha Confederacy. They became known as Gaekwads of Baroda, the Holkars

neg: Modern history date to this period which was characterised by the expansion of Persian cultural influence in the Indian subcontinent, with brilliant literary, artistic, and architectural results. The Maratha Empire was located in the south west of present-day India and expanded greatly under the rule of the Peshwas, the prime ministers of the Maratha empire. In 1761, the Maratha army lost the Third Battle of Panipat which halted imperial expansion and the empire was then divided into a confederacy of Maratha states. The development of New Imperialism saw the conquest of nearly all eastern hemisphere territories by colonial powers. The commercial colonization

neg: Empire day Benin and Ivory Coast, bordered by the Dagomba kingdom to the north and Dahomey to the east. Due to the empire's military prowess, sophisticated hierarchy, social stratification and culture, the Ashanti empire had one of the largest historiographies of any indigenous Sub-Saharan African political entity. The Sikh Empire (1799–1846) was established in the Punjab region of India. The empire collapsed when its founder, Ranjit Singh, died and its army fell to the British. During the same period, the Maratha Empire (also known as the Maratha Confederacy) was a Hindu state located in present-day India. It existed from 1674 to

neg: Third Anglo-Maratha War believed that a new permanent approach was needed to establish and maintain continuous contact with the Peshwa's court in Pune. The British appointed Charles Malet, a senior merchant from Bombay, to be a permanent Resident at Pune because of his knowledge of the languages and customs of the region. The Maratha Empire had partly declined due to the Second Anglo-Maratha War . Efforts to modernize the armies were half-hearted and undisciplined: newer techniques were not absorbed by the soldiers while the older methods and experience was outdated and obsolete. The Maratha Empire lacked an efficient spy system, and had weak

neg: Mai Nayak Bhandari Mai Nayak Bhandari May Nak was a Bhandari caste admiral in the navy of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, and helped to lead the formation of the Maratha Empire. Along with Daria Sarang, another admiral who served Maharaj, Bhandari commanded a naval fleet of 200 ships. Their official titles of Mai Nayak Bhandari and Daria Sarang translate to Water Leader and Sea Captain, respectively. The Maratha Navy was the forerunner of India's present-day Coast Guard. A memorial has been built to Ram Nayak Bhandari at Bhatye Village, close to Ratnagiri town. In April 1672, Shivaji had an eye upon the rocky Islands

neg: Maratha Empire with the exception of the states of Kolhapur and Satara, which retained local Maratha rulers (descendants of Shivaji and Sambhaji II ruled over Kolhapur). The Maratha-ruled states of Gwalior, Indore, and Nagpur all lost territory and came under subordinate alliance with the British Raj as princely states that retained internal sovereignty under British paramountcy. Other small princely states of Maratha knights were retained under the British Raj as well. The Third Anglo-Maratha War was fought by Maratha war lords separately instead of forming a common front and they surrendered one by one. Shinde and the Pashtun Amir Khan were subdued

neg: Balaji Baji Rao Balaji Baji Rao Balaji Baji Rao (December 8, 1720 – June 23, 1761), also known as "Nana Saheb", was a Peshwa (prime minister) of the Maratha Empire in India. During his tenure, the Chhatrapati (Maratha king) was reduced to a mere figurehead. At the same time, the Maratha empire started transforming into a confederacy, in which individual chiefs — such as the Holkars, the Scindias and the Bhonsles of Nagpur kingdom — became more powerful. During Balaji Rao's tenure, the Maratha territory reached its zenith. A large part of this expansion, however, was led by the individual chiefs, whose acts

neg: Raghoji I Bhonsle battle concluded with the fall of Dost Ali Khan and three years of Maratha occupation in the Carnatic. The "Expeditions in Bengal" was taken by the Maratha Empire after the successful campaign in Carnatic at the Battle of Trichinopolly. The leader of the expedition was Maratha Maharaja Raghuji of Nagpur. Raghoji was able to annex Orissa and parts of Bengal permanently as he successfully exploited the chaotic conditions prevailing in the region after the death of their Governor Murshid Quli Khan in 1727. Nawab of Bengal ceded territory up to the river Suvarnarekha to the Marathas, and agreeing to pay

neg: Shahu I Shahu I Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj (1682–1749 CE) was the fifth Chhatrapati of the Maratha Empire created by his grandfather, Shivaji. He was the son of Sambhaji, Shivaji's eldest son and successor. Shahu, as a child, was taken prisoner along with his mother in 1689 by Mughal sardar, Zulfikar Khan Nusrat Jang After the death of Aurangzeb in 1707, leading Mughal courtiers released Shahu with a force of fifty men, thinking that a friendly Maratha leader would be a useful ally.At that time he fought a brief war with his aunt Tarabai in an internecine conflict to gain the Maratha throne

neg: Battles involving the Maratha Empire and Chambal and 50 lakh rupees as war expenses to the Marathas. The Battle of Bhopal was fought between the Mughal and Maratha empires near Bhopal in India in December 1737, and was arguably the largest pitched battle fought in India in the 18th century. The battle resulted in decisive Maratha victory mainly through the swift tactics of Maratha Peshwa Baji Rao. The Mughal Empire was left in a wrecked position and was unable to face the later invasion of Nadir Shah. Raghuji Bhonsle, Maharaja of Nagpur kingdom of the Maratha Empire, was required to undertake an expedition to Karnataka

neg: Sindkhed Raja During reorganization of revenue Sub-Divisions during 2013, Government of Maharashtra established a new revenue sub-divisional office at Sindkhed Raja. Its jurisdiction includes Sindkhed Raja and Deulgaon Raja Tahsils. The office was inaugurated by then guardian minister of district Mr. Hasan Mushrif on 15 August 2013. Dr. Vivek Ghodke was the first Sub-Divisional Magistrate of Sindkhed Raja. Sindkhed Raja is the birthplace of Jijabai, mother of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, the founder of Maratha empire. Sindkhed Raja has a specific importance in history of Maratha empire. Sindkhed Raja Sindkhed Raja is a city and a municipal council in Buldhana district in the

neg: Maratha Army Maratha Army Maratha (or Mahratta) Army refers to the land-based armed forces of the Maratha Kingdom of India, which existed from the late 17th to the early 19th centuries in India. The formation, rise, and decline of the armies of the Maratha Kingdom can be broadly divided into two eras Chhatrapati Shivaji, the founder of Maratha polity, raised a small yet effective land army. For better administration, Shivaji abolished the land-grants or "jagirs" for military officers and made a cash payment. During the 17th century the Maratha Army was small in terms of numbers when compared to the Mughals, numbering

neg: Maratha Empire Peshwas belonging to the Bhat family controlled the Maratha Army and later became de facto rulers of the Maratha Empire. During their reign, the Maratha Empire dominated most of the Indian subcontinent. Shahu appointed Peshwa Balaji Vishwanath in 1713. From his time, the office of Peshwa became supreme while Shahuji became a figurehead. After Balaji Vishwanath's death in April 1720, his son, Baji Rao I, was appointed Peshwa by Shahu. Bajirao is credited with expanding the Maratha Empire tenfold from 3% to 30% of the modern Indian landscape during 1720–1740. He fought over 41 battles before his death in April

neg: History of Hinduism seat of Peshwas, flowered as a centre of Hindu learning and traditions. The empire at its peak stretched from Tamil Nadu in the south, to Peshawar (modern-day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan ) in the north, and Bengal and Andaman Islands in the east. In 1761, the Maratha army lost the Third Battle of Panipat to Ahmad Shah Abdali of the Afghan Durrani Empire which halted their imperial expansion into Afghanistan. Ten years after Panipat, the young Peshwa Madhavrao I's Maratha Resurrection reinstated Maratha authority over North India. In 1761, the Maratha army lost the Third Battle of Panipat to Ahmad Shah

neg: Kapshi Jagir the second half of the 17th century. Kapshi Jagir Kapshi Estate was a jagir in India during the British Raj. It was under the Kolhapur-Dekkan Residency in the Bombay Presidency, and later the Deccan States Agency. The vassal state of Kapshi was located south of Kolhapur. It had a population of 3,414 in 1901. The father of the founder of the estate was Shrimant Senapati Malojirao Ghorpade, who died in the battle of Sangmeshwar against the Mughals. A general of the Maratha army, he was granted the title 'Senapati', a hereditary title of nobility used in the Maratha Empire, and

neg: Sambhaji the throne for her own son, Shivaji II. The Mughals kept Yesubai captive to ensure that Shahu adhered to the terms of his release. She was released in 1719 when Marathas became strong enough under Shahu and Peshwa Balaji Vishwanath. Sambhaji Sambhaji (14 May 1657 – 11 March 1689) was the second ruler of the Maratha kingdom. He was the eldest son of Shivaji, the founder of the Maratha Empire and his first wife Saibai. He was successor of the realm after his father's death, and ruled it for nine years. Sambhaji's rule was largely shaped by the ongoing wars

neg: Lakhuji Jadhav Lakhuji Jadhav Lakhuji Jadhav was a prominent grandee of Sindkhed Raja in the present-day Buldhana district of Maharashtra state during the 16th century. He was Jahigirdar in the court of Nizam Shahi Sultans of Daulatabad in the present day Maharashtra. His daughter was Jijabai, the mother of Shivaji, founder of the Maratha Empire. She was born on 12 January 1598 and married at an early age to Shahaji Bhosale, a nobleman and military commander under the Adil Shahi sultans of Bijapur in present-day Karnataka. Shivaji Raje Bhosale, founder of Maratha Empire was his grandson and sixth son of his daughter

neg: Lakhuji Jadhav Jijabai and her husband Shahaji Bhosale. Lakhuji Jadhav Lakhuji Jadhav was a prominent grandee of Sindkhed Raja in the present-day Buldhana district of Maharashtra state during the 16th century. He was Jahigirdar in the court of Nizam Shahi Sultans of Daulatabad in the present day Maharashtra. His daughter was Jijabai, the mother of Shivaji, founder of the Maratha Empire. She was born on 12 January 1598 and married at an early age to Shahaji Bhosale, a nobleman and military commander under the Adil Shahi sultans of Bijapur in present-day Karnataka. Shivaji Raje Bhosale, founder of Maratha Empire was his grandson

neg: Thanjavur Maratha kingdom Thanjavur Maratha kingdom The Thanjavur Maratha kingdom of the Bhonsle dynasty was a principality of Tamil Nadu between the 17th and 19th centuries. Their native language was Marathi. Venkoji was the founder of the dynasty. Following the demise of Chola rule in the 15th century (specifically around 1436), the Thanjavur area came under the rule of the Pandyas and then, following the invasion of Malik Kafur, it fell into disorder. Pandya chieftains very quickly reasserted their independence and forced the Delhi Sultan to flee Thanjavur. Soon afterwards, however, they were conquered by the Vijayanagara Empire. The Emperor appointed his trusted

neg: Maloji Bhosale his jagir was transferred to his son Shahaji. Maloji Bhosale Maloji Raje Bhonsle was a Maratha sardar (general) who served the Ahmadnagar Sultanate in Malik Ambar's army. He was the father of Shahaji and the grandfather of Shivaji, the founder of the Maratha Empire. Maloji was born in 1552 to Babaji Bhonsle (d. 1597), a patil (chief) of the Hingni Berdi and Devalgaon villages around Pune. The family belonged to the Bhonsle Maratha clan, and claimed descent from the Suryavanshi Sisodia Rajput royal family of Udaipur. Maloji had a younger brother, Vithoji. Maloji and his brother Vithoji migrated away from

neg: Ibrahim Adil Shah I establised his own Maratha empire in konkan of 28 villages..as "Daspati. and at Present they are famous in Konkan as Daspatkar Shinde...Somajirao Ramajirao Shinde was a founder of this small empire. He was independently ruled in konkan Pranta. Ibrahim's anti-afaqi policy, however, considerably weakened the kingdom as the dismissed personnel joined the service of the neighbouring rulers. This exposed the kingdom to a series of invasions. Yet it was the veteran afaqi leader Asad Khan Lari (Buried in Belgaum), who acting as a diplomatic counselor to Ibrahim, saved the kingdom in the hour of crisis. The reign of Ibrahim, which

neg: Cattle slaughter in India have gone to paradise."" According to Ian Copland and other scholars, the Maratha Empire, which led a Hindu rebellion against the Muslim Mughal Empire and created a Hindu state in the 17th and 18th centuries, respected mosques, mausoleums and Sufi "pirs". However, the Maratha polity sharply enforced the Hindu sentiments for cow protection. This may be linked to the Bhakti movement that developed before the rise of the Maratha Empire, states Copland, where legends and a theology based on the compassion and love stories of Hindu god Krishna, himself a cowherd became integral to regional religiosity. The Maratha administration adopted

neg: Punjab, India of the British Crown. The Cis-Sutlej states, including Kaithal, Patiala, Jind, Thanesar, Maler Kotla, and Faridkot, were under the suzerainty of the Scindhia dynasty of the Maratha Empire, following the Second Anglo-Maratha War of 1803–1805, when Marathas lost this territory to the British. During the war, some of the states in the region gave their allegiance to British General Gerard Lake. At the conclusion of the Second Anglo-Maratha War, an 1809 agreement with Ranjit Singh, ruler of the Sikh Empire west of the Sutlej, brought these states under formal British protection. Ranjit Singh's death in the summer of 1839 brought

neg: Nesari the new Sarnaubat (Commander-in-chief of the Maratha forces). King Shivaji was deeply grieved on hearing of Pratprao's death. He married his second son, Rajaram, to the daughter of Prataprao Gujar; who was later to be the Empress of the Maratha Empire, Maharani Jankibai.[1] This event has been retold in the form of a Marathi poem "Vedaat Marathe Veer Daudale Saat". The poem is written by famous poet Kusumagraj. This poem has also been sung by Lata Mangeshkar. On 8 October 2014, DAR Motion Pictures, IME Motion Pictures and Blue Drop Films jointly announced a big budget Marathi feature film based

neg: Battles involving the Maratha Empire (originally "Shindes") of Malwa and Gwalior; the Holkars of Indore; the Bhonsles of Nagpur; and the Gaekwads of Baroda. A rivalry between the Sindhia and Holkar dominated the confederation's affairs into the early 19th century, as did the clashes with the British and the British East India Company in the three Anglo-Maratha Wars. In the Third Anglo-Maratha War, the last Peshwa, Baji Rao II, was defeated by the British in 1818. Most of the former Maratha Empire was absorbed by British India, although some of the Maratha states persisted as quasi-independent princely states until India became independent in 1947. The

neg: Cis-Sutlej states Cis-Sutlej states The Cis-Sutlej states were a group of small states in Punjab region in the 19th century, lying between the Sutlej River on the north, the Himalayas on the east, the Yamuna River and Delhi District on the south, and Sirsa District on the west. These states were under the suzerainty of the Scindhia dynasty of the Maratha Empire. Small Punjabi kingdoms of the Cis-Sutlej states paid tributes to the Marathas, until the Second Anglo-Maratha War of 1803-1805, after which the Marathas lost this territory to the British. During the Second Anglo-Maratha War of 1803-1805, some of the states

neg: Banawadi copper-inscriptions (Tamralech). In 1673 Shivaji, founder of Maratha Empire conquered it along with other forts in Satara region Ajinkyatara, Sjjangad, Kalyangad etc. Maratha ruled these forts till Chatrapati Sambhaji's regime, 1689 later Mughals empowered it from Maratha's. After Anglo-Maratha war British took over control of Satara region and hence of Chandan-Vandan. Chandan-Vandan is also a sacred/famous place for pilgrims. There is a famous durgah and temple of lord Shiva is situated on top of Chandan fort. Every year urs-e-shareef is celebrated in remembrance of Gaus Paak Mehboob e Subhani (Under of sunnatul Muslim jamat trust banawadi) on Chandan fort at

neg: Treaty of Salbai of the Maratha Empire. The British also recognised the territorial claims of the Mahadji Shinde west of the Jumna River and all the territories occupied by the British after the Treaty of Purandar were given back to the Marathas. The Treaty of Salbai resulted in a period of relative peace between the Maratha Empire and the British East India Company until outbreak of the Second Anglo-Maratha War in 1802. David Anderson concluded the Treaty of Salbai on behalf of the East India Company. "The treaty of salbai establish beyond dispute the dominance of the British as the controlling factor in

neg: Pant Pratinidhi family Pant Pratinidhi family Pant Pratinidhi family is a prominent aristocratic noble family of India, who served as Pratinidhis to Chhatrapatis of Maratha Empire and later became independent rulers of the Aundh and Vishalgad princely states. The Pant Pratinidhi's were officer's of the highest dignity under the Maratha Empire. They were ranked above all Ashta Pradhans and even above Peshwas during Rajaram I to Shahu I times. The family of the Pant Pratinidhi is descended from Trimbak Krishna, the Kulkarni (village officer) of Kanhai. Parshuram Trimbak Pant Pratinidhi, son of Trimbak Krishna was the founder of the family. Parshuram Pant Pratinidhi

neg: Shivaji's forts Shivaji's forts Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, founder of Maratha empire in western India in 1664, was well known for his forts; he was in possession of around 370 at the time of his death. Many, like Panhala Fort and Rajgad existed before him but others, like Sindhudurg and Pratapgad, were built by him from scratch. Also, the fort of Raigad was built as the place of throne, i.e., the capital, of Maratha Empire by Hirojee Indulkar on the orders of Shivaji. This is the place where Shivaji was crowned and today also his Samadhi stands in front of the Jagadishwar temple.

neg: Maratha Empire administrators of the Maratha Empire from 1749 till its end in 1818. Under Peshwa administration and with the support of several key generals and diplomats (listed below), the Maratha Empire reached its zenith, ruling most of the Indian subcontinent. It was also under the Peshwas that the Maratha Empire came to its end through its formal annexation into the British Empire by the British East India Company in 1818. The Marathas used a secular policy of administration and allowed complete freedom of religion. There were many notable Muslims in the military and administration of Marathas like Ibrahim Khan Gardi, Haider