query: what did cro-magnon man paint on cave walls

pos: Cave painting ago during the time of the most recent Ice Age. At uKhahlamba / Drakensberg Park, South Africa, now thought to be some 3,000 years old, the paintings by the San people who settled in the area some 8,000 years ago depict animals and humans, and are thought to represent religious beliefs. Human figures are much more common in the rock art of Africa than in Europe. Distinctive monochrome and polychrome cave paintings and murals exist in the mid-peninsula regions of southern Baja California and northern Baja California Sur, consisting of Pre-Columbian paintings of humans, land animals, sea creatures, and abstract

pos: Before We Ruled the Earth second and last part in the series takes place during the Ice Age. It shows how the Cro-Magnon and modern humans have become the dominant species and how we hunted animals such as mammoth, Irish elk, aurochs and buffalo. Threats however include giant cave bears and wolves. Death on the tundra was common and to survive our ancestors need to be able to adapt to change, such as the warming of the earth at the end of the last Ice Age ... something most of the giant beasts could not do, and therefore suffered extinction. Species discussed: Cro-Magnon, Cave bear,

pos: Les Combarelles Les Combarelles Les Combarelles is a cave in Les Eyzies de Tayac, Dordogne, France, which was inhabited by Cro-Magnon people between approximately 13,000 to 11,000 years ago. Holding more than 600 prehistoric engravings of animals and symbols, the two galleries in the cave were crucial in the re-evaluation of the mental and technical capabilities of these prehistoric humans around the turn of the last century. Formed by an underground river, the cave is approximately long with an average width of . Long used as a stable by local peasants who regularly found Magdalenian artifacts in the cave, the cave and

pos: Akhshtyrskaya Cave foxes and other animals. Humans - Neanderthals settled in the cave about 70,000 years ago. After a break of about 20,000 years the cave was populated by Cro-Magnon humans between 30,000 and 35,000 years ago. "Layer Dating:" Layer 3/1: 40,000 yrs BC; Layer 4/1: 70,000 yrs BC; Layer 4/2: 80,000 yrs BC; Layer 5/1: 112,000 yrs BC; Layer 5/2: 200,000 yrs BC; Layer 6/1: 250,000 yrs BC; Layer 6/2: 270,000 yrs BC; Layer 7: 300,000 yrs BC; Layer 8: 300,000 yrs BC; Layer 9: 350,000 BC Finding (2005): mandible of cave bear; hip bone of cave bear; radius; humerus; cervical

pos: The Mammoth Hunters broke his arm, and was healed by the medicine woman of Ayla's Neanderthal clan (the grandmother of Ayla's adoptive mother Iza). This story is referenced in "Clan of the Cave Bear" as the Neanderthals rationalize Ayla's behavior in terms of what they know about "the Others" (Cro-Magnon). Mamut learned some of the Clan sign language during that stay, and became aware of the fact that the Clan are human (as opposed to other animals, as is the common opinion of most of his people). Also within the Lion Camp is a six-year-old boy named Rydag who, like Ayla's lost son

pos: Uruz Project cave paintings made by Cro-Magnon people in the Lascaux Caves, estimated to be 17,300 years old. Aurochs and other large animals portrayed in Paleolithic cave art were often hunted for food. Hunting and habitat loss caused by humans, including agricultural land conversion, caused the aurochs to go extinct in 1627, when the last individual, a female, died in Poland’s Jaktorów Forest. The aurochs is one of the keystone species that is missing in Europe. Their grazing and browsing patterns, trampling of the soil and faeces had a profound impact on the vegetation and landscapes it inhabited. Grazing results in a

neg: Cave dweller interiors for ceremonies. The Cro-Magnon people also made representational paintings on cave walls. Also about 100,000 years ago, some "Homo sapiens" worked in Blombos Cave, in what became South Africa. They made the earliest paint workshop now known, but apparently did not dwell in the caves. Especially during war and other times of strife, relatively small groups of people have lived temporarily in caves, where they have hidden or otherwise sought refuge. They also have used caves for clandestine and other special purposes while living elsewhere. Perhaps fleeing the violence of Ancient Romans, people left the Dead Sea Scrolls in

neg: Chancelade man 1970s literature was extended to include what would today be called anatomically modern humans in general. In this understanding of the term "Cro-Magnon", the short and stocky Chancelade man did not stand out. This change coincided with a shift of paleoanthropological focus away from Europe. Because of the divergence in the use of the term "Cro-Magnon" in the 1970s, its use in scholarly literature has been mostly discontinued. The wide sense is covered by anatomically modern humans (equivalent to the species name "Homo sapiens" in literature which considers "Homo neanderthalensis" a separate species) and its narrow sense covered by European

neg: Grimaldi Man of Gibraltar and a route from Algeria via Sicily was thought to have been fordable in the late Paleolithic. Others have suggested the Grimaldi people may have been related to Bushmen. By the 1970s, new finds from Jebel Qafzeh in Israel, Combe-Capelle in France, Minatogawa in Japan, the Kabwe skull from Zambia and several Paleo-Indians had considerably broadened the knowledge of early man. All these finds group with Cro-Magnons rather than with Neanderthals, and the old term Cro-Magnon was expanded to encompass all early modern humans, including the Grimaldi. In this understanding of the term "Cro-Magnon", the Grimaldi man did

neg: Grimaldi Man a moist period from 50,000 to 30,000 years before present. The Aurignacian is 47,000 to 41,000 years old using the most recent calibration of the radiocarbon timescale. With the Grimaldi skeletons situated at the lowest Aurignacian layer, the true age is likely in the earlier range. The Grimaldi skeletons were very different from the finds that had been unearthed in Europe until then. Unlike the robust Neanderthals, the Grimaldi skeletons were slender and gracile, even more so than the Cro-Magnon finds from the same cave system. The Grimaldi people were small. While an adult Cro-Magnon generally stood over 170 cm

neg: Papasidero large fresco was painted between 700 and 800, depicting the Virgin and Child and a bishop kneeling before the high Archangel Michele who pierces Satan in flames. This important discovery, which occurred in 1961 in the territory of Papasidero, has shed a light on events in prehistoric northern Calabria, and showed that it was inhabited at least 20,000 years ago. The Romito man was a Cro-Magnon; he did not keep cattle or practise agriculture or make ceramics. The cave is divided into two distinct areas: the actual cave, about twenty metres deep, which goes into the limestone formation with a

neg: Prehistory of the Valencian Community not located within a cavern or cave. By the late Middle Paleolithic, around 40,000 BCE, Cro-Magnon began expanding throughout Europe. During a period of approximately 10,000 years, the two species of hominids, the Neanderthals and the Cro-Magnon, coexisted. This eventually led to Neanderthal's extinction around 30,000 BCE; the last traces of Neanderthal activity are documented in the southern region of the Iberian Peninsula, including Valencia. Being the last region occupied by the Cro-Magnon, the end of the Middle Paleolithic was delayed compared to the north of the peninsula, as this delayed the onset of industry linked to them; the move

neg: Ertebølle culture Without resorting to this specialised language, the main conclusions are as follows. The Ertebølle and preceding Kongemose populations were of mixed race . On the one hand they did not differ from the current inhabitants of Denmark in skeleton. Soft tissue features, being known through reconstruction only, leave some room for variation. On the other hand, many skulls evidence facial features or dimensions of Cro-magnon man. The latter type prevailed in Late Paleolithic times in Europe, supplanting Neanderthal man there. The Cro-magnon skull is dolichocephalic (long), the jaw prognathous (protruding), the nose flat and the supraorbital ridges (brow ridges) pronounced.

neg: Grimaldi Man not stand out. This change coincided with a shift of paleoanthropological focus away from Europe. Cro-Magnon in the wide sense is now replaced by "Anatomically modern humans" or AMH, and the name Cro-Magnon has come to denote remains similar to the original find, though not as a formal unit. Cheikh Anta Diop (1981) insisted that Grimaldi man represent a distinct black race, different from the Cro-Magnon. The Afrocentrist theory of the origin of Europeans vary somewhat from author to author, but the essence is that "white man" only appeared around 20,000 years ago, with a "black" Grimaldi man as ancestor.

neg: Cro-Magnon rock shelter excavations, and found the partial skeletons of four prehistoric adults and one infant, along with perforated shells used as ornaments, an object made from ivory, and worked reindeer antler. These "Cro-Magnon men" were identified as the prehistoric human race of Europe, as distinct from Neanderthal Man, described a few years earlier by William King based on the Neanderthal 1 fossil discovered in Germany in 1856. Lartet proposed the subspecies name "Homo sapiens fossilis" in 1869. The term "Cro-Magnon Man" soon came to be used in a general sense to describe the oldest modern people in Europe. By the 1970s, the

neg: Chancelade man that found in some European and Middle Eastern people. The chin was well developed and the limb bones were strong. The original skeleton is today housed in the Musée d'art et d'archéologie du Périgord in Perigueux. The difference in cranial morphology was noted by French anatomist Leo Testut, who in 1889 published the hypothesis that Chancelade Man was of a separate stock than the Cro-Magnon fossils, perhaps representing a lineage ancestral to Eskimos. While both the cranium of Cro-Magnon 1 and the Chancelade find were markedly dolicocephalic, the Cro-Magnon skull was long and broad, with a very large cranial capacity

neg: Villars Cave for the tooth. The close stylistic resemblance of the "man and bison" scene with similar depictions in Lascaux and in Roc-de-Sers also indicates an age range of 18,000 to 17,000 years BP. Villars Cave The Villars Cave, in French "Grotte de Villars" or "Grotte du Cluzeau", was occupied during the Lower Magdalenian by Cro-Magnon hunter-gatherers. The cave is part of the French commune of Villars in the northern Dordogne département. Besides its enormous wealth in beautiful stalactites, stalagmites and similar calcite deposits it contains cave paintings and some engravings. The Villars Cave and the Rouffignac Cave are the biggest known

neg: European early modern humans the Cro-Magnon rock shelter in southwestern France, where the first EEMH were found in 1868. Louis Lartet (1869) proposed "Homo sapiens fossilis" as the systematic name for "Cro-Magnon Man". W. K. Gregory (1921) proposed the subspecies name "Homo sapiens cro-magnonensis". In literature published since the late 1990s, the term EEMH is generally preferred over the common name Cro-Magnon, which has no formal taxonomic status, as it refers neither to a species or subspecies nor to an archaeological phase or culture. The earliest known remains of EEMH can be dated to before 40,000 years ago (40 ka) with some certainty: those

neg: The Valley of Horses Jondalar, a young Cro-Magnon man of "the Ninth Cave of the Zelandonii", accompanies his impetuous younger half-brother Thonolan on a traditional rite of passage called the Great Journey. In these episodes, we learn of the Cro-Magnon's paleolithic nature religion, centered on the worship of the "Great Mother of All", and follow their adventures and sexual exploits. It is also through these episodes that the animosity, verging on hatred, between the Others and the Clan (whom they refer to derogatorily as "flatheads") is introduced. The Others have repeatedly persecuted the Clan, taking land and resources, but justify it by classing them

neg: Cro-Magnon rock shelter showed the same high forehead, upright posture and slender (gracile) skeleton as modern humans. The other specimens from the site are a female, Cro-Magnon 2, and male remains, Cro-Magnon 3. Cro-Magnon rock shelter Cro-Magnon (, ; ) is an Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic) site, located in a rock shelter at Les Eyzies, a hamlet in the commune of Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil, Dordogne, southwestern France. "Abri de Cro-Magnon" is part of the UNESCO World Heritage of the Prehistoric Sites and Decorated Caves of the Vézère Valley. Most notably, it is the site of the discovery of anatomically modern human remains, apparently buried at

neg: Raymonden the bones are stained red. The skeleton is now kept in the Musée du Périgord. The Chancelade Man was 55 to 60 years old and about only about 1.55 meters tall. His cranial volume was measured 1,530 cm, larger than the modern European average of c. 1,350 cm but somewhat smaller than the Aurignacian (Cro-Magnon) average of about 1,600 cm. He must have suffered from chronic rheumatism. The right half of the skull had undergone several lesions that later had healed over again. A bit farther north from Raymonden cave is another small cave, sometimes also designated as "Chancelade cave".

neg: Cabazon Dinosaurs sold under the label "Don't swallow it! The fossil record does not support evolution." The current ownership has expressed a young Earth creationist belief that most dinosaurs were created on Earth about 6,000 years ago – the same day as Adam and Eve. In stark contrast to that belief are Bell's painted frescoes and sculptures inside Dinny, depicting a naturalist and evolutionary viewpoint. Bell's paintings include representations of Cro-Magnon man (labeled "Cro-Magnon Man 30,000 [years ago]") and Java Man (labeled "Java Man 400,000"). Bell's historic displays now exist alongside information detailing the creationist viewpoint of the earth and man's origins.

neg: Ahnenerbe do with the Ahnenerbe. The Ahnenerbe also was active in the " (Mauern caves) in the Franconian Jura. R.R. Schmidt discovered red ochre, a common pigment for cave paintings made by the Cro-Magnon. In autumn 1937, , a Frisian nationalist who had applied to the SS Excavations Department earlier that year, took over the excavation. His team proceeded to find artifacts such as burins, ivory pendants, and a woolly mammoth skeleton. They also discovered Neanderthal remains buried with what appeared to be throwing spears and javelins, a technology thought to have been developed by the Cro-Magnons. Bohmers interpreted this to

neg: Chancelade man of 1,730 cm, the Chancalade skull narrow and tall, and with a smaller brain volume. The Chancalade skeleton, together with finds from Laugerie-Basse and the Duruthy cave near Sorde-l'Abbaye were grouped as a distinct "Magdalenian race", presumed to have been primarily reindeer hunters. This population was thought to have differed from the larger, big-game hunting Cro-Magnon people, being of shorter and stockier build, with longer faces, a long nose and tall orbitae, unlike the broader faces of the Cro-Magnons. This was the mainstream interpretation until the 1920s. This study was part of a prevailing view of the time, dividing the

neg: Cro (TV series) friend Cro, who lived with a family of Neanderthals. Each episode features Phil narrating how a problem was resolved through simple engineering. The show's (and lead character's) name is an Occitan word for "cave"; it alludes to Cro-Magnon, the location in France where the earliest anatomically modern humans were first discovered. The videos that were released by Republic Home Video in the United States are: Cro (TV series) Cro is an American animated television series produced by the Children's Television Workshop (now known as Sesame Workshop) and Film Roman. It debuted on September 18, 1993 as part of the Saturday

neg: Neanderthal stencil, and red lines and dots on the cave walls of three Spanish caves apart were dated to at least 64,000 years old. If the dating is correct, they were painted before the time anatomically modern humans are thought to have arrived in Europe. Paleoanthropologist John D. Hawks argues these findings demonstrate Neanderthals were capable of symbolic behavior previously thought to be unique to modern humans. An alternative to extinction is that Neanderthals were absorbed into the Cro-Magnon population by interbreeding. This would be counter to strict versions of the recent African origin theory, since it would imply that at

neg: Ayla (Earth's Children) Ayla (Earth's Children) Ayla is the main character of Jean Auel's Earth's Children novels. She is a Cro-Magnon woman who was raised by Neanderthals. Ayla was played by Daryl Hannah in the 1986 movie "The Clan of the Cave Bear". Ayla's character has been described as an example of the "rebellious primordial" that conquers adversity with wit and will. Ayla is orphaned as a young Cro-Magnon child when an earthquake opens a fissure in the ground into which the camp of her mother falls and is destroyed. It was mentioned a few times that the location of the camp was

neg: Bükk culture Bükk culture Bükk culture (, , Ukrainian: Буковогірська культура) may have belonged to a dense pocket of Cro-magnon type people inhabiting the Bükk mountains of Hungary (inner western Carpathians) and the upper Tisza and its tributaries. The surrounding Neolithic was mainly of a more gracile Mediterranean type, with a Cro-magnon admixture as another possibility. As to whether the Cro-magnons were a remnant squeezed into this pocket, there is no sign of conflict there and the Cro-magnons were doing rather well in the obsidian trade. They were, so to speak, the wealthy men of the European Neolithic. The Cro-magnons did acquire

neg: History of Earth ago. The first humans to show signs of spirituality are the Neanderthals (usually classified as a separate species with no surviving descendants); they buried their dead, often with no sign of food or tools. However, evidence of more sophisticated beliefs, such as the early Cro-Magnon cave paintings (probably with magical or religious significance) did not appear until 32,000 years ago. Cro-Magnons also left behind stone figurines such as Venus of Willendorf, probably also signifying religious belief. By 11,000 years ago, "Homo sapiens" had reached the southern tip of South America, the last of the uninhabited continents (except for Antarctica, which

neg: Chancelade man Chancelade man Chancelade man (the Chancelade cranium) is an ancient anatomically modern human fossil of a male found in Chancelade in France in 1888. The skeleton was that of a rather short man, who stood a mere tall. Due to morphological differences with the Cro-Magnon 1 cranium, early interpretations postulated that the individual belonged to a separate lineage, possibly ancestral to Eskimos. G. M. Morant in 1930 recognized the skeleton as within the morphological range of Upper Paleolithic European populations, and this interpretation has remained accepted since. The Chancelade find was discovered in 1888 in the cave of Raymonden Chancelade

neg: European early modern humans transition to the European Mesolithic, depending on the region also given in the range of 12,000 to 10,000 years ago. Use of "Cro-Magnon" is mostly to times after the beginning of the Aurignacian proper, c. 37 to 35 ka. Genetically, EEMH form an isolated population between 37 and 14 ka, with significant Mesolithic admixture from the Near East and Caucasus beginning around 14 ka. The description as "modern" is used as contrasting with the "archaic" Neanderthals which lived in Europe during 300,000 to 40,000 years ago. The term EEMH is equivalent to Cro-Magnon Man, or Cro-Magnons, a term derived from

neg: Fa Hien Cave bone fossils are attributed to three children, a juvenile and two adults that show evidence of secondary burials. The bodies had been exposed to decomposition and scavengers and the bones were subsequently placed in graves. Additional fossil remains include those of another young child, dated to about 6,850 years BP and of a young woman (nicknamed "Kalu-Menika" by archaeologists), dated to about 5,400 years BP. Both individuals were also recovered from secondary burials. The discoveries allowed archaeological and paleontological comparative studies as the earliest occupants of Fa Hien, or Pahiyangala Cave lived during the same period as European Cro-Magnon man

neg: Dance of the Tiger Dance of the Tiger Dance of the Tiger (Swedish: "Den Svarta Tigern") is a novel by Swedish palaeontologist Björn Kurtén, published in 1978 and English translation in 1980. It is a prehistoric novel dealing with the interaction between Neanderthals and Cro-Magnons. A sequel, "Singletusk", published in 1982, continues the story of the family. Set 35,000 years ago in Scandinavia, during a thaw in the great Ice Age, the novel follows a Cro-Magnon named Tiger as he tries to defeat Shelk, a tyrant and a hybrid (Neanderthal/Cro-Magnon), the man who killed his father. With his family and much of his tribe

neg: Grimaldi Man Neanderthals. The Grimaldi skeletons were found in the lower Aurignacian layer in June 1901, by the Canon de Villeneuve. The two skeletons appeared markedly different from the Cro-Magnon skeletons found higher in the cave and in other caves around Balzi Rossi, and was named "Grimaldi man" in honour of the Prince. One of the two skeletons belonged to a woman past 50, the other an adolescent boy of 16 or 17. The skeletons were in remarkably good shape, though the weight of some 8 meters of sediments had crushed the skulls somewhat, particularly the fine bones of the face. Yet,

neg: La Balme-les-Grottes scraps in the La Balme caves. Around 15000/13000 BC, in the late Upper Paleolithic, Cro-Magnon hunters did the same in the shelter of the cave: flints and bones of reindeer, ibex, aurochs, and horses have been found. From about 4000 BC, Neolithic farmers colonised the region leaving their polished axes, flints, and pots in Louvaresse and Travers. Collective graves and vases have also been found in the cave from that time. It was especially at the end of the Bronze Age that they left very important remains (1250-950 BC): numerous tombs with cremation urns and animal offerings have been found

neg: Cro-Magnon rock shelter term was used for any early modern human wherever found, as was the case with the far-flung Jebel Qafzeh remains in Israel and various Paleo-Indians in the Americas. The term "Cro-Magnon" remains in use, but since the late 1990s has typically been restricted to European early modern humans. Cro-Magnon 1 consists of a skull and partial skeletal remains belonging to a male individual, approximately 40 years old. It is dated to 27,680 ± 270 Before Present (BP). The cranial cavity measures . The capacity of a modern adult anatomically modern human's cranial cavity is . Cro-Magnon 2 is a partially

neg: Cro-Magnon rock shelter Cro-Magnon rock shelter Cro-Magnon (, ; ) is an Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic) site, located in a rock shelter at Les Eyzies, a hamlet in the commune of Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil, Dordogne, southwestern France. "Abri de Cro-Magnon" is part of the UNESCO World Heritage of the Prehistoric Sites and Decorated Caves of the Vézère Valley. Most notably, it is the site of the discovery of anatomically modern human remains, apparently buried at the site, dated to about 28,000 years ago. In 1868, workmen found animal bones, flint tools, and human skulls in the rock shelter. French geologist Louis Lartet was called for

neg: Anthro (comics) and wood weapons, while his body looks more like a modern teenager rather than having a Cro-Magnon appearance. In this issue, he only expresses himself with ! and ? signs, as he is apparently unable to speak, as are the rest of the cavemen characters in the book. In the final issue of "Final Crisis", Anthro appears as an old man, drawing the symbols he saw on Metron's body onto a cave wall. As he finishes drawing he dies peacefully, watched over by Bruce Wayne, who is lost in time. The after-effects of Anthro's death on his friends and family

neg: European early modern humans flint tools found in association with the remains at Cro-Magnon have associations with the Aurignacian culture that Lartet had identified a few years before he found the first skeletons. The Aurignacian differ from the earlier cultures by their finely worked bone or antler points and flint points made for hafting, the production of Venus figurines and cave painting. Like most early humans, the Cro-Magnons were primarily big-game hunters, killing mammoth, cave bears, horses, and reindeer. They hunted with spears, javelins, and spear-throwers. Archery had not yet been invented. They would have been nomadic or semi-nomadic, following the annual migration of

neg: Tito Bustillo Cave Tito Bustillo Cave The Tito Bustillo Cave is a prehistoric rock shelter located in the small town of Ribadesella, in the autonomous community of Asturias, Spain. The cave was inhabited by humans (cro-magnon) before the year 10,000 BC. Due to the collapse of the rock, the original entrance to the cave was sealed thousands of years ago, which made it possible for preservation of objects, tools and wall paintings that were discovered in 1968. Based on those objects found in the cave, it is known that there was a significant human presence during the Magdalenian culture of the Upper Palaeolithic,

neg: Villars Cave Villars Cave The Villars Cave, in French "Grotte de Villars" or "Grotte du Cluzeau", was occupied during the Lower Magdalenian by Cro-Magnon hunter-gatherers. The cave is part of the French commune of Villars in the northern Dordogne département. Besides its enormous wealth in beautiful stalactites, stalagmites and similar calcite deposits it contains cave paintings and some engravings. The Villars Cave and the Rouffignac Cave are the biggest known cave systems in the Dordogne. The Villars Cave is situated 3.5 kilometres to the northeast of Villars and about 500 metres to the north-northeast of the hamlet "Le Cluzeau". It can be

neg: Bear attack evidence of cave bear worship during these early years: between the years 1917 and 1922, Emil Bachler discovered a large stone chest filled with cave bear skulls in the Drachenloch Cave, one of the Wildkirchli; between 1916 and 1922, Konrad Hormann found narrow niches filled with five cave bear skulls. However, at these sites, there have been little evidence of any human presence, and so some scientists have come to regard such discoveries as the result of some natural cause. Ward and Kynaston go on to report that Cro-Magnon humans, who first appeared nearly 35,000 years ago, show more obvious

neg: Timeline of the history of Gibraltar Museum said "this natural richness of wildlife and plants in the nearby sandy plains, woodlands, shrublands, wetlands, cliffs and coastline probably helped the Neanderthals to persist." Evidence at the cave shows the Neanderthals of Gibraltar likely used it as a shelter "for 100,000 years." Cro-Magnon man took over Gibraltar around 24,000 BCE. The Phoenicians are known to have visited the Rock circa 950 BC and named the Rock ""Calpe"". The Carthaginians also visited. However, neither group appears to have settled permanently. Plato refers to Gibraltar as one of the Pillars of Hercules along with Jebel Musa or Monte Hacho on

neg: Henry Christy funding contributed to the discovery of Cro-Magnon man in 1868 in a cave near Les Eyzies. An account of the explorations appeared in a half-finished book left by Christy, entitled "Reliquiae Aquitanicae, being contributions to the Archaeology and Paleontology of Périgord and the adjacent provinces of Southern France"; this was completed by Christy's executors, first by Lartet and, after his death in 1870, by Thomas Rupert Jones. Attribution Henry Christy Henry Christy (26 July 1810 – 4 May 1865) was an English banker and collector, who left his substantial collections to the British Museum. Christy was born at Kingston upon

neg: Testament of Man the genius Neanderthal, learns to set animal traps and make fire. These feats elevate him to leadership in his clan. Gode, the Cro Magnon, tames a wolf, makes the first cave paintings and after a deadly conflict with Harg's clan, initiates the first race war. He initiates the rite of burial out of fear of a new concept, the ghost. Women, givers and keepers of life, care little about such impractical ideas. But because no one has linked sex and procreation, women are slowly attaining power through the miracle of birth. 3. "Intimations of Eve" (1946) portrays a matriarchal society.

neg: Reincarnation (novel) man a little behind Cro-Magnon in evolution, thus unable to capture the concept of speech. The female, May, is ready to get married soon, and will be linked to Lenar by her deity, the Great Mother. The male, Kye is hunting with his group. They meet each other near the cave that May visits when they spot a green rock. They struggle over the stone. May wanted it so that she could have her own ranking within her tribe, to be able to not marry an insensitive tribesman, Lenar, the first antagonist in the book. Kye wants it so that

neg: Akhshtyrskaya Cave Layer 5/2, 5/1: 112,000 years BC. First level of long-term habitation of Neanderthal people. Layer: 4/2, 4/1: 70,000 years BC. Second level of long-term habitation of Neanderthal people. Layer 3: 40,000 years BC. Late Paleolithic. Stone object of possible Cro-Magnon culture. Photographs of the cave and immediate area. Akhshtyrskaya Cave The Akhshtyrskaya cave ( "Big Kazachebrodskaya" ) is a notable archeological site in the Western Caucasus. It is located on the right side of Akhshtyrskaya gorge of the Mzymta River near the Adlersky City District of Sochi, Krasnodar Krai, Russia. It was discovered in September 1903 by Edouard Martel and

neg: Ahnenerbe mean that Cro-Magnons had left these stones in the caves over 70,000 years before, and this was therefore the oldest Cro-Magnon site in the world. To validate his claims, Bohmers traveled around Europe speaking with colleagues and organizing exhibitions, notably in the Netherlands, Belgium and France. At the Parisian Institute for Human Paleontology, Bohmers met with Abbé Henri Breuil, an expert on cave art. Breuil arranged for Bohmers to visit Trois Frères, a site whose owners allowed only a small number of visitors. First, however, Bohmers took a quick trip to London, followed by a tour of several other French

neg: David MacRitchie Leo Testut in 1889. Scientific consensus after the 1930s however agreed that the remains of "Chancelade Man" were Cro-Magnon, however some modern anthropologists still propose Cro-Magnon morphological traits appear distinctly in Lapps. Within folklore, MacRitchie's euhemeristic view of fairies developed a racialist school which considered that the fairies and other beings such as elves and goblins of British myth represented primitive pre-Aryans, a view proposed most notably by John S. Stuart Glennie, Laurence Waddell and Alfred Cort Haddon. According to Haddon: "fairy tales were stories told by men of the Iron Age of events which happened to men of the

neg: Praileaitz Cave was dated to the Lower Magdalenian period of the Cro-Magnon people. The cave is located next to the Sasiola Quarry, which presents a threat to the conservation of the paintings. On May 24, 2007, the Aranzadi Science Society proposed the establishment of a wide protective area around the cave. On July 17, 2007, the Basque Government adopted (with Ezker Batua and Eusko Alkartasuna voting against) a decree that established a 50-meter protective area around the "rock sanctuary." This level of protection was deemed insufficient by the Aranzadi Science Society, which was in charge of the archaeological excavation and studying the

neg: Furfooz view (p. 192) but it was generally agreed that the crania at Grenelle and Furfooz were ancestral to the broad-headed Alpine race. Furfooz The Furfooz, Furfooz race or Grenelle-Furfooz Men were the first anatomically modern humans of the European Upper Palaeolithic, alongside the Cro-Magnon and Grimaldi Man. In 1866, the archaeologist Édouard Dupont discovered a prehistoric lower jaw in the Trou de la Naulette, a cave near the village of Furfooz in the Belgian province of Namur. A further excavation the following year led to the discovery of other cranial remains, including a complete skull. Of these two crania, one

neg: Furfooz Furfooz The Furfooz, Furfooz race or Grenelle-Furfooz Men were the first anatomically modern humans of the European Upper Palaeolithic, alongside the Cro-Magnon and Grimaldi Man. In 1866, the archaeologist Édouard Dupont discovered a prehistoric lower jaw in the Trou de la Naulette, a cave near the village of Furfooz in the Belgian province of Namur. A further excavation the following year led to the discovery of other cranial remains, including a complete skull. Of these two crania, one was brachycephalic (round-headed) and another was mesocephalic. In scientific literature from the late 19th and early 20th century, the skulls from Furfooz

neg: Cro-Magnon rock shelter preserved female skull with marked facial similarities to Mladeč 2. Cro-Magnon 3 is a partial skull of a male adult. The remains are thought to represent adults who died at an advanced age, who were placed at the site, along with pieces of shell and animal teeth in what appear to have been pendants or necklaces, in an apparent intentional burial. The presence of necklaces and tools suggests the concept of grave goods. Analysis of the pathology of the skeletons shows that the humans of this period led a physically difficult life. In addition to infection, several of the individuals

neg: The Clan of the Cave Bear (film) The Clan of the Cave Bear (film) The Clan of the Cave Bear is a 1986 American adventure film directed by Michael Chapman and based on book of the same name by Jean M. Auel. The film stars Daryl Hannah, Pamela Reed, James Remar, and Thomas G. Waites. Dialogue is conducted mostly through a form of sign language which is translated for the audience with subtitles. A young Cro-Magnon woman named Ayla (Daryl Hannah) is separated from her family and orphaned during an earthquake. She is found by a group of Neanderthals and raised as one of their own. It

neg: The Clan of the Cave Bear The Clan of the Cave Bear The Clan of the Cave Bear is an epic work of prehistoric fiction by Jean M. Auel about prehistoric times. It is the first book in the "Earth's Children" book series which speculates on the possibilities of interactions between Neanderthal and modern Cro-Magnon humans. The novel references the advance of the polar ice sheets, setting the story before 18,000 years Before Present (BP) or 19,950 years BCE, when the farthest southern encroachment of the last glacial period of the current ice age occurred. Auel's time-frame, somewhere between 28,000 and 25,000 years BP or 29,950

neg: Ayla (Earth's Children) leaves the Clan and her son behind. Readers around the world express their desire to learn what fate has in store for Durc. Ayla's infant daughter, in the "Shelters of Stone" fathered by Jondalar. She grows into a beautiful and beloved child, close to both parents, and enjoys time with her own horse, Grey, born to Ayla's horse Whinney. Ayla (Earth's Children) Ayla is the main character of Jean Auel's Earth's Children novels. She is a Cro-Magnon woman who was raised by Neanderthals. Ayla was played by Daryl Hannah in the 1986 movie "The Clan of the Cave Bear". Ayla's

neg: The Ugly Little Boy go back to the past with Timmie. Her appearance coincides with the crisis point in the confrontation between Neanderthal and Cro-Magnon; both groups regard her as a goddess to be worshiped. As she is clearly akin to the Cro-Magnon but has adopted a Neanderthal child, her appearance deflects the two groups from a would-be inevitable conflict. The ending suggests that in the modified past Neanderthals and Cro-Magnon would cooperate and come closer to each other in the common worship of the "Goddess" - with Timmie growing up to be her acolyte and a "demigod" himself. It also suggests that the

neg: Slovenia of Slovenia" (). On 8 March 1990, SR Slovenia removed the prefix "Socialist" from its name, becoming the "Republic of Slovenia"; it remained a part of the SFRJ until 25 June 1991. Present-day Slovenia has been inhabited since prehistoric times. There is evidence of human habitation from around 250,000 years ago. A pierced cave bear bone, dating from 43100 ± 700 BP, found in 1995 in Divje Babe cave near Cerkno, is considered a kind of flute, and possibly the oldest musical instrument discovered in the world. In the 1920s and 1930s, artifacts belonging to the Cro-Magnon, such as pierced

neg: Les Combarelles its content remained unstudied by scientists for a long period. It was officially discovered in September 1901 by pre-historians Denis Peyrony, Abbé Breuil, and Louis Capitan. The entrance of the cave and the right-hand gallery had already been excavated by Émile River between 1891 and 1894. Abbé Breuil described 291 drawings divided into 105 separate sets — a discovery he himself called an "enormous firecracker in the world of prehistory". Radiocarbon dating of bones found in the cave indicate the cave was inhabited by Cro-Magnon people 13,680–11,380 years before the present. During that period, these people produced hundreds of drawings

neg: Prehistory of Transylvania of phalanges unearthed by M. Roska in the Bordu Mare Cave at Ohaba Ponor (Hunedoara County). A skull capsule discovered by Roska in the Cioclovina Cave displays features attributed to Homo sapiens sapiens, and dates back to the Upper Paleolithic as indicated by three flint objects peculiar to the Aurignacian discovered next to them. Likewise, in the Ciurul Mare Cave in the Pǎdurea Craiului Mountains (Transylvania) speleologists have discovered some distinctively male, female and child footprints. An anthropological analysis has identified Cro-Magnon and even Neanderthal characteristics in these footprints. The economy of the Paleolithic communities consisted mainly of exploiting natural

neg: Quinson ago. Remains of cave bears dating from this period have been found. The Neanderthals were eventually succeeded by Cro-Magnon men, who occupied the cave during the Upper Paleolithic. Finally, modern humans lived in the cave during Neolithic. Quinson Quinson is a commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in southeastern France. In the nearby Gorges du Verdon, there are a number of caves (known as "baumes"), which were occupied intermittently for over 400,000 years. The most significant of these caves is the "Baume Bonne", which has been studied by various archaeologists, including Henry de Lumley. The Baume Bonne was occupied first during

neg: The Clan of the Cave Bear book was carried out by Auel from her public library, by attending archaeological conventions, and touring extensively on sites with briefings by working field archaeologists. Some of the descriptions are based on the first adult Neanderthal skeletons found in Iraq from the cave burial at Shanidar, dating between 60-80,000 years BP. Other data is clearly linked to the widespread Aurignacian culture and Gravettian culture, and their tell-tale Venus figurines which Auel uses as one center of her Cro-Magnon religious practices. In 1986, the novel was adapted into a film directed by Michael Chapman and starring Daryl Hannah. In 2014, the

neg: The Clan of the Cave Bear and 26,950 BCE, corresponds generally with archaeological estimates of the Neanderthal branch of mankind disappearing. A five-year-old girl, Ayla, whom readers come to understand is Cro-Magnon, is orphaned and left homeless by an earthquake that destroys her family's camp. She wanders aimlessly, naked and unable to feed herself, for several days. Having been attacked and nearly killed by a cave lion and suffering from starvation, exhaustion, and infection of her wounds, she collapses, on the verge of death. The narrative switches to a group of people who call themselves "The Clan" and whom we come to understand are Neanderthal, whose

neg: Cro-Magnon rock shelter found at the shelter had fused vertebrae in their necks, indicating traumatic injury; the adult female found at the shelter had survived for some time with a skull fracture. As these injuries would be life-threatening even today, this suggests that Cro-Magnons relied on community support and took care of each other's injuries. In addition, Cro-Magnon 1 suffered from a genetic condition called Neurofibromatosis type I, which would have led him to have large cysts or tumours on his face, evident in the depression in the frontal bone and pits of the eyebrows and cheek bones. Compared to Neanderthals, the skeletons

neg: Earth's Children Otherwise, they have concluded it is best simply to avoid the Cro-Magnon men. Accurate to current DNA evidence, Auel depicts Cro-Magnons and Neanderthals as able to interbreed. The mixed-race children are generally not favorably regarded by either group. As in many historical cultures, malformed Clan children are routinely subjected to exposure, while the Others may allow such children to live but prejudicially label them as 'abominations'. Such children and their experiences enter the plotline in several books of the series. "Children of mixed spirits", as the Cro-Magnons call them, are mis-matched combinations of both Cro-Magnon and Neanderthal phenotypes physiologically as

neg: Chancelade man many pre-historic finds into more finely grained racial groups than is presently the norm. In the racial anthropology of the early 20th-century, the Chancelade lineage was proposed to belonging to a lineage ancestral to the Mongoloid race, while, similarly, Grimaldi Man was interpreted as ancestral to the Negroid race. In the second half of the 20th century, new finds from Jebel in Israel, Combe-Capelle in France, Minatogawa in Japan and several Paleo-Indians had considerably broadened the knowledge of early man. All these finds were found to group with Cro-Magnons rather than with Neanderthals, and the old term "Cro-Magnon" in some

neg: Divje Babe Flute Cave. According to Brodar, such holes are an element of the Central European Aurignacian. They have been ascribed to modern human Cro-Magnon. According to Brodar, the Divje Babe Flute is as well a product of modern humans, but this has been disputed by other Slovene scholars. In 1995, Ivan Turk found the approximately 43,100 year old cave bear femur at the Divje Babe site near a Mousterian hearth. Because it has the characteristics of a flute he has dubbed it a "Neanderthal flute". Whether it is actually a flute created by Neanderthals is a subject of debate. It is broken

neg: The Valley of Horses the valley Ayla has not yet investigated. The Valley of Horses The Valley of Horses is a historical fiction novel by Jean M. Auel. It is the sequel to "The Clan of the Cave Bear" and second in the Earth's Children series. The book starts off from the events at the end of "The Clan of the Cave Bear" detailing the life of a young Cro-Magnon woman named Ayla who has just been exiled from the Clan, the band of Neanderthals who had raised her from early childhood. Ayla now searches for her own people, whom the Clan refer to

neg: The Valley of Horses The Valley of Horses The Valley of Horses is a historical fiction novel by Jean M. Auel. It is the sequel to "The Clan of the Cave Bear" and second in the Earth's Children series. The book starts off from the events at the end of "The Clan of the Cave Bear" detailing the life of a young Cro-Magnon woman named Ayla who has just been exiled from the Clan, the band of Neanderthals who had raised her from early childhood. Ayla now searches for her own people, whom the Clan refer to as "the Others". In a parallel narrative,

neg: Stan Gooch System B, later associated with Cro-Magnon and Neanderthal lineage, respectively. These could be roughly equated to Freud's Ego and Id, and in some ways Carl Jung's Male and Female principles. "Total Man" was followed by "Personality and Evolution" (1973) and "The Neanderthal Question" (1977). In these books, Gooch develops what would become known as the "hybrid-origin theory". The theory as represented in " Guardians of the Ancient Wisdom" (1979) can be outlined as follows: Gooch continued to develop the theory during the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s in "Cities of Dreams" (1989, 1995), and "The Neanderthal Legacy" (2008). In "The Paranormal"

neg: Mitja Brodar a thesis on those excavations. Betal Rock Shelter () is another site he was excavating. He helped establish and was during the 1970s president of the Slovene archaeological association. Together with his father he wrote a book on Potok Cave () excavations. According to him, the Divje Babe flute is a product of Cro-Magnon, modern human, and not Neanderthal. Mitja Brodar Mitja Brodar (1921 – 16 February 2012) was a Slovenian archaeologist. He was a son of Srečko Brodar, a pioneer of the study of the Paleolithic period in Slovenia. He was born in 1921 in Celje where his father

neg: Halfdan Bryn from the Nansen Fund for conducting anthropological studies in Norway. After Bryn left the military, he concentrated on anthropological research. Despite his relatively advanced age, he was extremely productive and provided a number of interesting contributions to the country's anthropology, at a time when industrialization and restructuring of society had not yet managed to put their mark on the population. Already in 1921, he had presented two remarkable works, "Selbu" and "Tydal" and also published the controversial article "En nordisk Cro-Magnon type", which claimed that people in Tydal were descendants of the Cro-Magnon. He released volume one of the uncompleted

neg: Sympathetic magic could be influenced through sprinkling cursed salt on a path frequently used by the victim, while a 15th-century crown princess of Joseon Korea is recorded as having cut her husband's lovers' shoes into pieces and burnt them. The term is most commonly used in archaeology in relation to Paleolithic cave paintings such as those in North Africa and at Lascaux in France. The theory is one of prehistoric human behavior, and is based on studies of more modern hunter-gatherer societies. The idea is that the paintings were made by Cro-Magnon shamans. The shamans would retreat into the darkness of the

neg: Grafton Elliot Smith According to Smith and William James Perry, Egypt was the source of all cultural innovations and the ultimate source of human civilization. According to Smith, "Man did not become truly erect until his brain had developed in a very particular way to make it possible for him to use his hands". That line of reasoning reinforced the European origin of human, which Smith and Keith supported, as the mostly large brained specimens such as the Cro-Magnon had been found in Europe. The term 'hyperdiffusionism' seems to have been coined by the British archaeologist Glyn Daniel in his book "The Idea

neg: Linear Pottery culture civilization of the Aegean and Europe. The iconography was inherited from the Palaeolithic. The Gravettian culture introduced it into the range of the future LBK from western Asia and south Russia. From there, it diffused throughout Europe in the Upper Palaeolithic, which was inhabited by Cro-Magnon man and was responsible for many works of art, such as the "Venus of Willendorf". With the transition to the Neolithic, "the female principle continued to predominate the cultures that had grown up around the mysterious processes of birth and generation." The LBK, therefore, did not bring anything new spiritually to Europe, nor was

neg: The Man from Earth: Holocene The Man from Earth: Holocene The Man from Earth: Holocene is an American drama science fiction film directed by Richard Schenkman and written by Emerson Bixby, based on characters created by his father, science fiction writer Jerome Bixby. It is a sequel to the 2007 film "The Man from Earth". David Lee Smith returns as John Oldman, the protagonist. This film was uploaded to The Pirate Bay on January 16, 2018, by the creators themselves for completely legal download. The plot focuses on university professor John Oldman, now calling himself John Young, who is secretly a Cro-Magnon man (or Magdalenian

neg: Ahnenerbe points of interest: La Fond de Gaume (a site featuring Cro-Magnon cave paintings), Teyat, La Mouthe and the caves of Dordogne. Then Bohmers moved on to Les Trois-Frères. The Ahnenerbe took great interest in the 900-year-old Bayeux Tapestry. In June 1941, its staff oversaw the transport of the tapestry from its home in Bayeux Cathedral to an abbey at Juaye-Mondaye, and finally to the Chateau de Sourches. In August 1944, after Paris was liberated by the Allies, two members of the SS were dispatched to Paris to retrieve the tapestry, which had been moved into the basement of the Louvre.

neg: Rock of Solutré at the rock, remains of Cro-magnon man were discovered at Eyzies by Louis Lartet. The Cro-magnons were contemporaries of the culture who had cut tools and hunted at Solutré. The departmental history museum, a structure designed by the architect Guy Clapot from Strasbourg, is situated at the foot of the rock. The museum was encouraged by French President François Mitterrand, and was opened in 1987. Because of regulations in force at the site, the museum lies beneath a dome planted with vegetation, and is hardly visible from a distance. The places where the discoveries were made are presented in the

neg: Homo sapiens has been proposed that the emergence of behavioral modernity was a gradual process. In January 2018 it was announced that modern human finds at Misliya cave, Israel, in 2002, had been dated to around 185,000 years ago, the earliest evidence of their out of Africa migration. The earliest "H. sapiens" (AMH) found in Europe are the "Cro-Magnon" (named after the site of first discovery in France), beginning about 40,000 to 35,000 years ago. These are also known as "European early modern humans" in contrast to the preceding Neanderthals. The equivalent of the Eurasian Upper Paleolithic in African archaeology is known

neg: Spain of these prehistoric human settlements are the famous paintings in the Altamira cave of Cantabria in northern Iberia, which were created from 35,600 to 13,500 BCE by Cro-Magnon. Archaeological and genetic evidence suggests that the Iberian Peninsula acted as one of several major refugia from which northern Europe was repopulated following the end of the last ice age. The largest groups inhabiting the Iberian Peninsula before the Roman conquest were the Iberians and the Celts. The Iberians inhabited the Mediterranean side of the peninsula, from the northeast to the southeast. The Celts inhabited much of the inner and Atlantic sides

neg: Villars Cave seem to have the problems that affected Lascaux. Besides the paintings some engravings are also present, as well as abstract female silhouettes, red dots painted with ochre and some very abstract geometrical signs like staffs, crosses and hooked symbols. The geometrical signs are very difficult to interpret. Besides horses, bovines, bisons, capricorns and a deer head, a human figure attacked by a bison is depicted. The latter resembles a similar scene found in the well of Lascaux ("scene du puits"). Cro-Magnon man's presence has left a few traces like knocked over calcite concretions and broken stalagmites. Some lost or discarded

neg: Montaigle Castle each of them after the trees growing near the cave's entrance; Trou du Sureau (Elder), Trou du Chêne (Oak), Trou de l'Erable (Maple), except the lowest one, named Trou Philippe after the name of the hermit who lived therein. Prehistoric remains were found in all of these caves; Dupont described the Cro-Magnon civilization years before the French paleontologists, but the French nomenclature was adopted, though. The "Montaiglian" layer was later renamed "Aurignacian", after the cave of Aurignac in the Pyrénées. " This opinion is also indirectly in a book of Marcel Otte Hawthorne Harris Wilder wrote yet in 1924 "Montaiglian

neg: Hispania humans took refuge in Southern Europe, namely in Iberia, after retreating through Southern France. In the millennia that followed, the Neanderthals became extinct and local modern human cultures thrived, producing pre-historic art such as that found in L'Arbreda Cave and in the Côa Valley. In the Mesolithic period, beginning in the 10th millennium BC, the Allerød Oscillation occurred. This was an interstadial deglaciation that lessened the harsh conditions of the Ice Age. The populations sheltered in Iberian Peninsula (descendants of the Cro-Magnon) migrated and recolonized all of Western Europe. In this period one finds the Azilian culture in Southern France

neg: Anthro (comics) of the Unexpected" and the 2008 miniseries "Final Crisis" by Grant Morrison and J. G. Jones. Anthro also starred in the first story in "DC Universe Holiday Special 2010". Anthro is the first Cro-Magnon boy born in the Stone Age. His father, Neanderthal caveman Ne-Ahn is the chief of his tribe, his mother a captive member of another tribe. Winning two competing cavegirls as his wives, Cro-Magnon women Embra and Nima, Anthro begins the human race, as Embra lives to bear his first child. "Justice League Europe Annual" #2 features a version of Anthro. In an alternate time-line, an older

neg: Dance of the Tiger book is not intended to be a 'theory about interaction between Neanderthals and Modern Humans', it is just a fictive description of one possible scenario among several that might have taken place". Cro-Magnon children and adults are portrayed as having smooth brows and small faces; the characteristic features of childhood act as "innate releasing mechanisms" for feelings of affection. Kurtén postulates that this attraction led to intermarriage between the two people, which produced sterile offspring. He emphasizes the possibility of Neanderthal extinction through inter-breeding rather than through violence. He also presents social differences between the two groups, presenting the Cro-Magnon

neg: Mladeč caves visitors about 40 minutes to go through the 380 metre-long path. The minimum for the visit is a group of six visitors and there is an exhibition of photos and interesting information about the caves. These caves can be visited from April to October. They are an important archaeological site and probably even the oldest, largest and most northern settlements of the Cro-Magnon people in Europe (Cro-Magnon lived here as long as 31 thousands years ago). Mladeč caves are a significant paleontological and archaeological locality. There are findings of bones of extinct Pleistocene vertebrates, a number of skeletons of people

neg: Early human migrations a limited degree. Populations of modern humans and Neanderthal overlapped in various regions such as in Iberian peninsula and in the Middle East. Interbreeding may have contributed Neanderthal genes to palaeolithic and ultimately modern Eurasians and Oceanians. An important difference between Europe and other parts of the inhabited world was the northern latitude. Archaeological evidence suggests humans, whether Neanderthal or Cro-Magnon, reached sites in Arctic Russia by 40,000 years ago. Cro-Magnon are considered the first anatomically modern humans in Europe. They entered Eurasia by the Zagros Mountains (near present-day Iran and eastern Turkey) around 50,000 years ago, with one group

neg: Ayla (Earth's Children) eventually guesses her age accurately. "See The Clan of the Cave Bear, The Valley of Horses, The Mammoth Hunters, The Plains of Passage, The Shelters of Stone and The Land of Painted Caves for a detailed synopsis of Ayla's life." Ayla is described as tall, with blonde hair, gray-blue eyes, a well-toned body, and a strangely accented voice (actually a speech mannerism). She has been raised with Clan customs, sign language instead of speech, not to laugh or smile, and not to cry. Almost every male Cro-Magnon character in the series finds Ayla exceptionally beautiful, though Ayla describes herself as

neg: Ayla (Earth's Children) odd and not near known Cro-Magnon settlements. The facts that no father or other family members were mentioned and the odd location of the mother’s camp suggest that the mother either chose or was forced not to live with her clan. Ayla is swimming nude in the river beside the campsite when the earthquake starts and watches the tragedy in horror. Wandering aimlessly, alone, frightened, hungry and helpless, Ayla eventually encounters a cave lion which chases her into a narrow crack in a rock wall. Attempting to pull Ayla out, the lion gashes open Ayla's leg, leaving four deep parallel

neg: The Full Circle caused the regression of their bodies (clothes and equipment included) to an earlier stage of evolutionary development; the transformation extended to their minds, giving them a Cro-Magnon level of knowledge and intelligence. Unfortunately, there will be no opportunity for a proper study as the Moon has since moved out of range of the planet. To the professor's annoyance, no one has retained any memory of being a Stone-Age person. He had hoped to learn how the human psyche has evolved after 40,000 years. Sandra's debriefing shows the inability to communicate fostered fear and anger. Helena admits the cave-wife expressed feelings

neg: The Wailing Asteroid thousands of small black cubes. When he dozes off next to one he has a lucid dream of taking part in a weapons drill. He understands that the dream that has obsessed him since childhood must have come from a fragment of a similar cube that had been found in a Cro-Magnon cave with artifacts dated to 20,000 B.C. Sandy suggests looking for cube readers, reasoning that learning from a cube by sleeping near it is inefficient. They find a pair of reading helmets and quickly begin learning all about the fortress, its weapons, and an implacable Enemy with which

neg: Ao: The Last Hunter be his pursuers, he put out his campfire and went to investigate. He discovered that it was Aki moaning and screaming in a secluded part of the cave as she was giving birth to Wama. Witnessing this, Ao believed that the newborn infant is the reincarnation of his deceased daughter, Nea. Ao kept talking to Wama and as Aki observed his interest in her daughter but doesn't understand why due to language barrier, she grew wary of Ao. After defeating the marauding Cro-Magnon warriors, Ao finds his birthplace only to realize his twin brother Oa, from whom he was separated

neg: Power Rangers Dino Charge Ranger, Koda, a Cro-Magnon caveman living in modern times as he found his Energem in his tribe's cave, and was kept in suspended animation until the present day; the Green Ranger, Riley, the youngest of the group who is a skilled fencing swordsman; and the Black Ranger, Chase, the suave and laid back member of the group originally from New Zealand. With these powers, the Dino Charge Power Rangers fight against Sledge, Poisandra, Fury, Wrench, Curio, and their prison full of monsters in order to find the remaining Energems and protect the Earth. As time goes by, the Rangers are

neg: Prehistory of the Valencian Community some excavated Cro-Magnon settlements, rabbits represented more than 80 percent of identified remains. Valencian sites up to the Upper Paleolithic are rare and mainly concentrated to the south of the region, covering an area along the modern-day border of Valencia and Alicante. Among those from this period are those at the Parpalló and Meravelles caves in Gandía and the Cova de les Rates Penades in Rótova. Paleolithic art developed in the Levant. In the Upper Paleolithic, the best-known and most comprehensive assortment of art are the cave paintings of the Iberian Peninsula. In the Valencian Community, various caves contain this

neg: Venus of Hohle Fels Venus of Hohle Fels The Venus of Hohle Fels (also known as the Venus of Schelklingen; in German variously "") is an Upper Paleolithic Venus figurine made of mammoth ivory that was unearthed in 2008 in Hohle Fels, a cave near Schelklingen, Germany. It is dated to between 35,000 and 40,000 years ago, belonging to the early Aurignacian, at the very beginning of the Upper Paleolithic, which is associated with the earliest presence of "Cro-Magnon" in Europe. The figure is the oldest undisputed known example of a depiction of a human being. In terms of figurative art only the lion-headed,

neg: Transfusion (short story) Stone happen upon an extraordinary event in France, over 25,000 years ago, near a cave where Cro-Magnon remains were found in their time. They see a gigantic spaceship land. Humans emerge, along with robots of various shapes and sizes. Using fantastic technology they shape the land into a primitive home, complete with artifacts such as stone tools. They deposit some apparently brainwashed humans wearing animal skins. They also bury objects in local caves. Hazard is sure that these are bones left for future generations to find. Returning to modern times, they join Gottwald to try to solve the mystery. Clearly

neg: Wild Wild World Wild Wild World Wild Wild World is a Warner Bros. cartoon released in the Merrie Melodies series in 1960 and directed by Robert McKimson. It's a parody of the television series "Wide Wide World" hosted by Dave Garroway. In this cartoon, "Cave Darroway" presents a recently discovered film taken during the Cro-Magnon era. The stone age gags in the "film" predate and possibly inspired "The Flintstones" which made its debut in 1960. The final gag in this cartoon depicts a modern elevator utilizing the primitive operational methods of the stone age elevator shown in the "film." Because of the long

neg: Eoörnis pterovelox gobiensis Eoörnis pterovelox gobiensis Eoörnis pterovelox gobiensis is a fictional bird, a humorous hoax by Lester W. Sharp, professor of botany, Cornell University, United States. It was initially a short talk presented together with a graduate student, Cuthbert Fraser, about the most unusual bird from the Gobi Desert, called woofen-poof by the local populace. (Compare the coinage "woofen-poof" to Whiffenpoof, Hufflepuff, etc.) Eventually it grew into a 34-page monograph signed by an Augustus C. Fotheringham, Sc.D. (Cantab.), F.R.G.S., printed by ""The Buighleigh Press"" in 1928, full of illustrated detail of anatomy, physiology, ecology, evolution, and historical references, complete with Cro-Magnon cave

neg: Arctic ecology quickly disappeared and were replaced by modern humans, "Homo sapiens sapiens". Just a few thousand years after the sudden disappearance of the Neandertalers, modern humans occupied all the land that their predecessors had occupied. Some scientists believe that the Neandertalers were overcome by the incoming modern race, commonly called Cro-Magnon people, while others believe the race disappeared by integrating itself within the new population. The Aurignacoid (upper Paleolithic tool-making) tradition of the modern people is most associated with a feature called blade-and-core technology. According to Quaternary scientist C.V. Haynes, Arctic cave art also dates back to the Aurignacoid phase and

neg: Chancelade man early modern humans (EEMH). Modern knowledge of the genetic history of Europe demonstrates that the European continent has been populated in several waves of genetically distinct populations, the lineage of the Upper Paleolithic EEMH populations being dubbed "West European Hunter-Gatherers". Chancelade man Chancelade man (the Chancelade cranium) is an ancient anatomically modern human fossil of a male found in Chancelade in France in 1888. The skeleton was that of a rather short man, who stood a mere tall. Due to morphological differences with the Cro-Magnon 1 cranium, early interpretations postulated that the individual belonged to a separate lineage, possibly ancestral

neg: Ventimiglia Tenda. Remains of a Roman theatre (first half of the 2nd century) are visible, and remains of many other buildings have been discovered, among them traces of the ancient city walls, a fine mosaic, found in 1852 but at once destroyed, and a number of tombs to the west of the theatre. The ruins of the ancient "Albintimilium" are situated in the plain of Nervia, c. to the east of the modern town. The caves of the "Balzi Rossi" have proved rich in palaeolithic remains of the Quaternary period. Remains of a family of Cro-Magnon people were discovered, with several