query: when was the first gun control law passed in america

pos: Gun politics in the United States Dunmore, and British seamen on the other. The Gunpowder Incident was eventually settled by paying the colonists for the powder. According to historian Saul Cornell, states passed some of the first gun control laws, beginning with Kentucky's law to "curb the practice of carrying concealed weapons in 1813." There was opposition and, as a result, the individual right interpretation of the Second Amendment began and grew in direct response to these early gun control laws, in keeping with this new "pervasive spirit of individualism." As noted by Cornell, "Ironically, the first gun control movement helped give birth to the first

neg: Gun control rates decreased over time in Ontario, and that there was no evidence of method substitution. The same study found that "These decreases may be only partly due to the legislation." In 1991, Canada implemented the gun control law Bill C-17. According to a 2004 study, after this law was passed, firearm-related suicides and homicides, as well as the percentage of suicides involving firearms, declined significantly in that country. A 2010 study found that after this law was passed, firearm suicides declined in Quebec among men, but acknowledged that this may not represent a causal relationship. In 1992, Canada promulgated the

neg: Gun control had only a small influence on the rate of gun deaths in U.S. states compared to socioeconomic variables. Philosophy professor Michael Huemer argues that gun control may be morally wrong, even if its outcomes would be positive, because individuals have a prima facie right to own a gun for self-defence and recreation. Rifles and shotguns are relatively easy to obtain, while handguns and some semi-automatic rifles are restricted. With respect to the Criminal Law Amendment Act, a gun control law passed in Canada in 1977, some studies have found that it was ineffective at reducing homicide or robbery rates. One

neg: Gun control determine whether the change in firearm deaths can be attributed to the gun law reforms." Many gun control advocates cite Australia as a case of successful gun control, but opposers of this legislation argue differently. According to studies, Australia's violent crime and gun crime had been falling since the early 90s. After the gun buyback, the crime dropped at exactly the same rate, prompting questioning if it was the buyback that caused the drop in crime, or if it would have continued without confiscating 26,000 firearms. A 2007 study found evidence that gun control laws passed in Austria in 1997

neg: Gun control looked at gun control laws passed in Canada from 1974 to 2008 and found no evidence that these laws had a beneficial effect on firearm homicide rates in that country. According to the study, "other factors found to be associated with homicide rates were median age, unemployment, immigration rates, percentage of population in low-income bracket, Gini index of income equality, population per police officer, and incarceration rate." A 2013 study of the 1995 Canadian gun control law Firearms Act, 1995 reported little evidence that this law significantly reduced rates of lethal gun violence against women. In 1988 and 1996, gun

neg: Gun control after the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting voted on and defeated on April 17, 2013 by a vote of 54 - 46. It needed 60 votes to pass. , only five states had passed stricter gun control laws, while ten states had passed laws that weakened restrictions on firearms. In the early morning hours of April 4, 2013, the Connecticut General Assembly passed new restrictions to the state's existing assault weapons ban. Governor Dannel Malloy signed them into law later the same day. The law banned the sale or purchase of magazines capable of holding more than ten rounds of ammunition like those used in the Sandy

neg: Gun Control Act of 1968 attitudes towards gun ownership renewed efforts to pass the bill. On June 11, 1968, a tie vote in the House Judiciary Committee halted the bill's passage. On reconsideration nine days later, the bill was passed by the committee. The Senate Judiciary Committee similarly brought the bill to a temporary halt, but as in the House, it was passed on reconsideration. House Resolution 17735, known as the Gun Control Act, was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson on October 22, 1968 banning mail order sales of rifles and shotguns and prohibiting most felons, drug users and people found mentally

neg: Gun laws in California or rifle magazine that fit more than 10 rounds, require firearms be stored in locked containers or with trigger locks installed when not in use, and have enacted ammunition regulations. Many jurisdictions have enacted ordinances restricting or banning the discharge of firearms, and use zoning laws to impose significant restrictions to the establishment of gun stores and shooting ranges within their boundaries. Due to one of California's earliest gun-control bills passed in 1923, gun sellers may not advertise the sale of handguns on their property. However this law was declared unconstitutional in September 2018. The buyer of a firearm must

neg: Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act passed the Brady Law." In December 2000, the Boards of Trustees for HCI and the Center to Prevent Handgun Violence voted to honor James and Sarah Brady's hard work and commitment to gun control by renaming the two organizations the Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence and the Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence. In 2000, controversy arose when Sarah Brady purchased a .30-06 Springfield rifle in Delaware for her son. Gun rights groups claimed that this action was a straw purchase, intended to avoid the NICS, and may have also violated Delaware firearms purchase laws. No charges were ever

neg: Bob Russell (The West Wing) flag burning, co-sponsoring the Flag Burning Amendment every time it came before Congress, and strongly considered speaking out when a flag was apparently burnt in the White House. During the primaries, Russell campaigned on his support for ethanol fuel and abortion rights. Russell also supported gun control, attacking rival John Hoynes for his strong pro-gun record, although Russell was also an avid hunter who often hunted with the Governor of Montana. When the California legislature passed a law to not allow illegal immigrants driver's licenses, Russell came out in favor of it. When US foreign policy in relation to Cuba

neg: Gun laws in Texas or centerfire, of such, are not legally firearms in Texas). However, if the firearm is displayed in a manner "calculated to cause alarm," then it is "disorderly conduct". Open carry of a handgun in public had long been illegal in Texas, except when the carrier was on property he/she owned or had lawful control over, was legally hunting, or was participating in some gun-related public event such as a gun show. However, the 2015 Texas Legislature passed a bill to allow concealed handgun permit holders to begin carrying handguns openly. The bill was signed into law on June 13, 2015,

neg: Robert Spitzer (political scientist) rights interpretation of the Second Amendment. But while judges can change the law, they cannot change history, and the historical record largely contradicts the bases for these two recent rulings." Spitzer is the author of five books on gun control: "The Politics of Gun Control," "The Right to Bear Arms," "Gun Control: A Documentary and Reference Guide," coauthor, along with Glenn H. Utter, of "Encyclopedia of Gun Control and Gun Rights" and "Guns across America: Reconciling Gun Rules and Rights" In addition to the American presidency and gun politics, Spitzer has researched and written on many topics related to American

neg: William J. Larkin Jr. state senator E. Arthur Gray. Larkin would go on to win 13 more State Senate terms. Larkin voted against same-sex marriage legislation in 2009 when the bill was defeated in the State Senate and again in 2011 when it passed the Senate and became law. In 2013, he voted against the gun control law known as the NY SAFE Act. Larkin voted in favor of medical marijuana legalization in 2014. In October 2018, a Larkin-sponsored bill renaming the Bear Mountain Bridge was signed into law; the bridge is now named the Purple Heart Veterans Memorial Bridge. In May 2018, at

neg: NY SAFE Act than one hour later. The passage of the law made New York the first to pass restrictions on gun laws since the Sandy Hook massacre. Cuomo described the law as the toughest gun control law in the United States. The bill passed under the "message of necessity" procedure, a device in the New York State Constitution by which the governor may expedite a vote on a bill, bypassing a usual three-day waiting period. Although nominally used for emergencies, the "message of necessity" procedure has been frequently used in New York to pass many pieces of legislation (it has been used

neg: Virginia Tech shooting weeks, Governor Kaine had issued an executive order designed to close those gaps (see Effects on gun politics below). Prompted by the incident, the federal government passed the first gun control law in more than a decade. The bill, , mandates improvements in state reporting to the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS) in order to halt gun purchases by criminals, those declared mentally ill, and other people prohibited from possessing firearms, and authorizes up to $1.3 billion in federal grants for such improvements. Both the Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence and the National Rifle Association supported the

neg: NY SAFE Act NY SAFE Act The New York Secure Ammunition and Firearms Enforcement Act of 2013 commonly known as the NY SAFE Act is a gun regulation law in the state of New York. The law was passed by the New York State Legislature and was signed into law by Governor of New York Andrew Cuomo in January 2013. The legislation was written in response to the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting in Newtown, Connecticut and the December 24th Webster, New York Shooting. Cuomo described the law as the toughest gun control law in the United States. The NY SAFE Act contains

neg: Buddy Carter responsible for gun violence in America. The GAO Access and Oversight Act of 2017 (,), which was one of the first Acts of the 115th United States Congress signed into law by President Trump during the first 100 days of his presidency, was introduced to the House by Carter on January 1, 2017. It passed through the United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs and was passed by the full Senate, on January 17, 2017. It was signed by Trump on January 31, 2017. The bill ensures that the Government Accountability Office (GAO) has full access to

neg: Nunn v. Georgia Nunn v. Georgia "Nunn v. State", 1 Ga. (1 Kel.) 243 (1846) is a Georgia Supreme Court ruling that a state law ban on handguns was an unconstitutional violation of the Second Amendment. This was the first gun control measure to be overturned on Second Amendment grounds. In 1837, Georgia passed a law banning the sale and carry of certain types of weapons included Bowie and other types of knives, and pistols. Hawkins H. Nunn was charged and convicted for carrying a pistol in violation of the law. He appealed the ruling, claiming the state law was a violation of

neg: Public opinion on gun control in the United States a weapon to 21,restricting high capacity firearm clips to 15 or 10 rounds, and even the measure of city ordinances banning assault style weapons. On the federal level even there was a move by President Donald Trump in March 2018 in prohibiting the sale of bump stocks. Politicians and the public alike have grown increasingly apart in the wake of recent events and tragedies. Many states have started passing legislation to change gun control in America which has lead to increased debate about the topic. Oregon, Washington, Florida, and Rhode Island have all passed legislation that increased gun restrictions in

neg: Gun control study even found that the law may have actually increased robberies involving firearms. A 1993 study found that after this law was passed, gun suicides decreased significantly, as did the proportion of suicides committed in the country with guns. A 2003 study found that this law "may have had an impact on suicide rates, even after controls for social variables," while a 2001 study by the same research team concluded that the law "may have had an impact on homicide rates, at least for older victims." A 1994 study found that after this law came into force in 1978, suicide

neg: Gun Control Act of 1968 Passage of the Gun Control Act was initially prompted by the assassination of U.S. President John F. Kennedy in 1963. The President was shot and killed with a rifle purchased by mail-order from an ad in the magazine "American Rifleman". Congressional hearings followed and a ban on mail-order gun sales was discussed, but no law was passed until 1968. At the hearings NRA Executive Vice-President Franklin Orth supported a ban on mail-order sales, stating, "We do not think that any sane American, who calls himself an American, can object to placing into this bill the instrument which killed the president

neg: Gun control reduced the rates of firearm suicide and homicide in that country. In Brazil, after disarmament laws were passed in 2003, gun-related mortality declined by 8% in 2004 relative to the previous year, the first decline observed in a decade. Gun-related hospitalizations also reversed their previous trend by decreasing 4.6% from 2003 to 2004. A 2006 study found that after gun control laws were passed in New Zealand in 1992, suicides committed with guns declined significantly, especially among youth. The same study found a decline in overall youth suicide after the laws were passed, but also concluded that "it is not

neg: Never Again MSD into law on March 9. He commented, "To the students of Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School, you made your voices heard. You didn't let up and you fought until there was change." John Cassidy stated in "The New Yorker", "This was the first time in thirty years that Florida had passed any gun restrictions, and it was a direct response to the Never Again movement, which was founded by students from Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School." A report in "Salon magazine" suggested that Republican lawmakers have generally remained silent about gun control measures; many depend on support from the NRA

neg: Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990 U.S. Senate in February 1990 as S. 2070 by Senator Herb Kohl of Wisconsin and then was incorporated into the Crime Control Act of 1990 that was signed into law by President George H. W. Bush. The Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990 was originally passed as section 1702 of the Crime Control Act of 1990. It added ; itself was added by the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968. The Supreme Court of the United States subsequently held that the Act was an unconstitutional exercise of Congressional authority under the Commerce Clause of the United States

neg: Ted Deutch all States if and when it is signed into law. Deutch also voted against H. J. Res. 40, which ultimately passed and used the Congressional Review Act to block implementation of an Obama-era Amendment to the NICS Improvement Amendments Act of 2007 that was aimed at preventing the mentally-infirm from legally purchasing firearms. Deutch has an "F" rating from the NRA, indicating that it does not believe he adequately supports gun rights. After the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting, Deutch endorsed several gun control measures. Deutch cosponsored H. R. 5087, the Assault Weapons Ban of 2018, saying, "Americans don't own

neg: Darren Soto a "red-flag" system to issue gun restraining orders, and disallowing anyone on the federal terrorism "no-fly" list from buying a gun. Following the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting in Florida in 2018, Soto stated that gun control will be "one of those litmus test issues" in the 2018 midterms. Working with Senator Bill Nelson, Soto passed his first law in Congress on April 18, 2017 creating a backup fleet of hurricane hunter aircraft to monitor hurricanes affecting Florida and other nearby areas. Soto is working on debt reduction and tax, healthcare, agriculture and small business relief to assist Puerto Rico

neg: Gun control after the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting to register their weapons, and that some chose to bypass registration by modifying or selling them before the April 15 deadline. State police say they cannot report how many people have registered. By law, they must keep their database of assault weapon owners private. Late on April 4, 2013, the Maryland General Assembly passed Governor Martin O'Malley's gun control bill, the Firearm Safety Act of 2013. It bans the purchase of 45 types of assault weapons and limits gun magazines to 10 rounds. It requires handgun licensing and fingerprinting for new gun owners, and bans those who have been involuntarily

neg: Harlon Carter Carter, on the other hand, led a faction that wanted to see the NRA focus on advocating against gun control legislation. The NRA leadership was ambivalent about the Gun Control Act of 1968, the first gun control legislation since the 1930s. Franklin Orth, the group's Executive Vice President at the time of the act's passage, supported some parts of law, including limits on mail-order gun purchases and bans of Saturday night specials, inexpensive, often low-quality handguns, while opposing other provisions as "unduly restrictive and unjustified in their application to law-abiding citizens". In contrast, Carter believed that no gun control legislation

neg: Steve Israel the 'No Fly, No Buy' Act should be a no-brainer for every member of Congress. It's common sense legislation." He has received 0% ratings from the pro-gun rights NRA and the Gun Owners of America, as well as 100% ratings from the pro-gun control Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence and the Coalition to Stop Gun Violence. Israel was an original cosponsor of the bill To extend the Undetectable Firearms Act of 1988 for 10 years (H.R. 3626; 113th Congress), which passed the House on December 3, 2013. The bill allowed for a ten-year extension of the Undetectable Firearms Act

neg: Alan Lowenthal 2002, he won re-election to a third term defeating Republican nominee Cesar Castellanos, 60%-40%. In the Assembly, Lowenthal authored gun control in California that would ban gun selling in people's homes. He was also a founding member of the Assembly's Bipartisan Caucus and authored legislation for the creation of California’s first ever Bipartisan Citizens Redistricting Commission. Senator Lowenthal was named Legislator of the Year by the California Firefighters Association in 2002 after he passed a law that limited liability for organizations that donated firefighting equipment. The League of California Cities named him Legislator of the Year in 2001 due to

neg: Gun show loophole listed on their Federal Firearms License. It also mandated that licensed firearm dealers maintain records of firearms sales. An unlicensed person is prohibited by federal law from transferring, selling, trading, giving, transporting, or delivering a firearm to any other unlicensed person only if they know or have reasonable cause to believe the buyer does not reside in the same State or is prohibited by law from purchasing or possessing firearms. In 1986, Congress passed the Firearm Owners Protection Act (FOPA), which relaxed certain controls in the Gun Control Act and permitted licensed firearm dealers to conduct business at gun shows.

neg: Jon Corzine and he signed it into law, New Jersey became the first state to legislatively eliminate capital punishment since 1965. Although the bill was not passed until late in 2007, New Jersey had not executed any criminals since 1963. Because the penalty was never used and often reversed upon appeal, it was viewed as a form of extended suffering for victims' families by some supporters of its abolition. Before the enactment of the new law, he commuted the death sentences of all death row inmates to life in prison. Corzine also has supported early New Jersey efforts at gun control. Corzine

neg: Nunn v. Georgia right to keep and bear arms is a fundamental right that cannot be infringed by the state governments Nunn v. Georgia "Nunn v. State", 1 Ga. (1 Kel.) 243 (1846) is a Georgia Supreme Court ruling that a state law ban on handguns was an unconstitutional violation of the Second Amendment. This was the first gun control measure to be overturned on Second Amendment grounds. In 1837, Georgia passed a law banning the sale and carry of certain types of weapons included Bowie and other types of knives, and pistols. Hawkins H. Nunn was charged and convicted for carrying a

neg: Scott Brown (politician) not propose new legislation if he returned to Congress and would listen to all viewpoints if others presented a bill. In 2008, Brown had an A rating from the National Rife Association (NRA), but received a 43% score in 2012. In 2014, Gun Owners of America gave him a 30% grade and New Hampshire Firearms Coalition gave him a 14% rating; both groups are supportive of gun rights and oppose gun control. After the Massachusetts Sensible Marijuana Policy Initiative was passed in 2008 and subsequently implemented, he proposed in the State Senate to enact higher fines for "drugged driving". In

neg: Reactions to the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting and injured in a 2011 shooting in Tucson, launched Americans for Responsible Solutions to raise money for gun control efforts to counter the influence of powerful pro-gun groups such as the NRA. On January 16, 2013, New York became the first U.S. state to act after the shooting when it enacted the Secure Ammunition and Firearms Enforcement (SAFE) Act. On April 4, 2013, Connecticut and Maryland both enacted new restrictions to their existing gun laws. Ten other states had passed laws that relaxed gun restrictions. Legislation introduced in the first session of 113th Congress included the Assault Weapons Ban of

neg: Marion Hammer about denied CCW license renewals, spam phone calls and email, South Korean dogs, and a specific pest control company that she claimed damaged a house she owned. They reveal that Hammer's "sphere of influence" was much wider than just gun legislation. Hammer was "one of the chief architects" of the Stand-your-ground law that was signed into law by Governor Jeb Bush in 2005. It was the first to be passed in the United States. It was based on the Castle Doctrine. The controversy surrounding the trial George Zimmerman, who fatally shot 17-year-old Trayvon Martin, "focused attention once again on Florida's

neg: Robert F. Martwick Jr. same time ensuring that law abiding citizens would not have their rights infringed upon. Martwick's provision was widely backed by both 2nd Amendment and gun control advocates, and it received more votes than any other provision. Shortly after it became law, a known gang leader was denied a conceal carry permit due to this provision. On February 14, 2013, Illinois Senate Bill SB10, the "Religious Freedom and Marriage Fairness Act," legalizing same-sex marriage in Illinois, passed the Illinois Senate, was introduced into the Illinois House, and had its first reading in the Illinois House. On February 21, 2013 Martwick was

neg: Giffords Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence Giffords Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence The Giffords Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence (Giffords Law Center), previously known as the Legal Community Against Violence and as the Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence (LCPGV), is a national public interest law center which provides legal assistance to elected officials, government attorneys, and activists in the United States to promote gun control and to oppose gun violence. The Giffords Law Center publishes information about gun laws and gun control. The organization has been active in promoting gun control ordinances in California and elsewhere, as well as conducting litigation to defend

neg: Gun Owners of America in Vitter's home state from Hurricane Katrina. On June 27, 2007, the Pence Amendment passed. The bill, named after then-Representative Mike Pence, was passed by a vote of 309–115. According to Gun Owners of America, the amendment blocked the Federal Communications Commission's ability to use the Fairness Doctrine to limit the free speech allowed by organizations like Gun Owners of America over the airwaves. On August 9, 2007, Gun Owners of America supported Vitter's work in pushing through a bill stating that no U.S. funds can be used by the United Nations or any group affiliated with the United Nations

neg: Jack Scott (California politician) and Ken. The Senate eventually passed an amended version of the bill that would raise the penalty for selling a balloon without a proper weight attached and require the balloon to have a warning about the risks of the balloon coming in contact with power lines. California State Term Limits prevented Scott from seeking reelection in 2008. Scott and his wife, Lacreta, have five children, eleven grandchildren and fourteen great grandchildren. Scott is very active in gun control. He began his gun control efforts after his son Adam, an attorney who had recently graduated from USC Law School, was fatally

neg: Richard Mack gun purchasers could be implemented. In a 5–4 decision, the Supreme Court ruled that the provisions of the Brady Act in question were, in fact, unconstitutional. Mack is involved in the patriot movement through his role in the Oath Keepers organization and as founder of the Constitutional Sheriffs and Peace Officers Association (CSPOA). Mack opposes all gun control laws, telling the program "News21", "I studied what the Founding Fathers meant about the Second Amendment, the right to keep and bear arms, and the conclusion is inescapable. There's no way around it. Gun control in America is against the law." In

neg: Gun control which restricted gun availability, in 2003, suicide rates—both overall and firearm-related—decreased. Another 2013 study looking at four restrictive gun laws passed in Norway found that two of them may have reduced firearm mortality among men, but that the evidence was more inconclusive with respect to all of the laws they studied. A 2014 study found that after South Africa's Firearm Control Act was passed in 2000, homicide rates in the country declined, and concluded that "stricter gun control mediated by the FCA accounted for a significant decrease in homicide overall, and firearm homicide in particular, during the study period [2001–2005]."

neg: Korean Brazilians Korean Brazilians Korean Brazilians () are Brazilians of full, partial, or predominantly Korean ancestry, or a Korean-born person residing in Brazil. The Korean population in Brazil, the largest in Latin America, is about 50,000. Korean immigration to South America began on a small scale in the mid-1950s but was only formalized in 1962, when, to encourage emigration to control population, reduce unemployment, and garner foreign exchange via immigrant remittances, the South Korean government passed its Overseas Emigration Law. In December 1962, the South Korean Ministry of Public Health and Social Affairs, to which the emigration section was attached, sent 92

neg: Tom Coburn efforts to mandate gun control on law-abiding citizens." On the Credit CARD Act of 2009, which aimed "to establish fair and transparent practices relating to the extension of credit under an open end consumer credit plan and for other purposes," Coburn sponsored an amendment that would allow concealed carry of firearms in national parks. The Senate passed the amendment 67–29. Coburn placed a hold on final Senate consideration of a measure passed by the House in the wake of the Virginia Tech shootings to improve state performance in checking the federal watch list of gun buyers. However, after the Sandy

neg: Doug LaMalfa a 3-to-6 vote. In 2007, he successfully passed AB 1645, a law that would prevent seizures of firearms in the event of an emergency or natural disaster. This was the first pro-gun legislation passed and signed into law in a decade. When LaMalfa was named the California Rifle and Pistol Association's "Legislator of the Year" for 2007, he said "Receiving this award today from the California Rifle and Pistol Association is a truly humbling honor." In 2010, he ran for the California State Senate in the 4th District. In the Republican primary, he defeated State Representative Rick Keene 58%–42%. In

neg: Conservatism in Canada and not a right as in the United States. The bill passed a House of Commons reading. However, the bill has received criticisms from both gun rights and gun control advocates, with each claiming that the bill serves the opposites' agenda. Leaders of opposition parties also criticize the bill as merely a political tool used by the Conservative Party to gain votes. The law took effect on September 2, 2015 and is now law. The four Western Canada provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba have long been a hotbed for protest politics and political parties of the left

neg: Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act potentially having a much wider potential impact than just Smith & Wesson. HUD Secretary Andrew Cuomo was quoted as saying that gun manufacturers that did not comply would suffer "death by a thousand cuts", and Eliott Spitzer said that those who didn't cooperate would have bankruptcy lawyers "knocking at your door". In January 2005, New York City passed a law allowing lawsuits against gun manufacturers and dealers that did not voluntarily implement certain gun control measures. A similar measure had been rejected by the Senate on March 2, 2004, after it had been combined with an extension to the assault

neg: Tom Udall cleaners, paints, carpets and furniture. The bill initially faced criticism over the balance between federal and state authority to regulate chemicals, but after changes to the legislation it earned broader support, including from liberal members of the Senate and the President. It passed by a vote of 403-12 in the House and voice vote in the Senate. Udall has a "C-" rating from the National Rifle Association and a "F" rating from the Gun Owners of America for his support of gun control. In 2013 he voted for state-by-state reciprocity of concealed carry and for the names of gun owners

neg: National Rifle Association legislation in the interest of the organization. Its first lobbying effort was to petition the New York State legislature for $25,000 to purchase land to set up a range. Within three months, the legislation had passed and had been signed into law by Governor John T. Hoffman. In 1934, the National Rifle Association created a Legislative Affairs Division and testified in front of Congress in support of the first substantial federal gun control legislation in the US, the National Firearms Act. The Institute for Legislative Action (NRA-ILA), the lobbying branch of the NRA, was established in 1975. According to political

neg: Firearms Control Regulations Act of 1975 After the District's application for a rehearing en banc was denied, it appealed the decision to the Supreme Court of the United States. On June 26, 2008, the Court determined that the ban and trigger lock provision violate the Second Amendment. However, the ruling does not prohibit all forms of gun control; laws requiring firearm registration remain in place as does the city's assault weapon ban. Firearms Control Regulations Act of 1975 The Firearms Control Regulations Act of 1975 was passed by the District of Columbia city council on September 24, 1976. The law banned residents from owning handguns, automatic

neg: Crime Control Act of 1990 makes it illegal for one to own a gun that is not license with the state in which he or she lives. Crime Control Act of 1990 The Crime Control Act of 1990 was a large Act of Congress that had a considerable impact on the juvenile crime control policies of the 1990s. The bill was passed by the Congress on October 27, 1990, and signed into law by President George H. W. Bush on November 29, 1990. The Bush administration requested a comprehensive crime bill that would expand the death penalty for federal crimes, reform "habeas corpus", limit plea

neg: America First Party (2002) In 2018 the AFP is allegedly running Alan White for the governorship of Maine, Peter Davis for the governorship of Texas, and Paul Young for U.S. House from Vermont's at-large Congressional district. America First Party (2002) The America First Party is or was a minor paleoconservative party in the United States. The party was formed on April 15, 2002, when a group of Pat Buchanan supporters left the Reform Party. The party is pro-life, opposes all gun control, seeks to end affirmative action, racial quotas, and is against illegal and unlimited immigration. Buchanan himself has never publicly professed any affiliation

neg: Mulford Act Sieroty (D) from Los Angeles, and William M. Ketchum (R) from Bakersfield, it passed both Assembly (controlled by Democrats 42:38) and Senate (split 20:20) and was signed by Governor Ronald Reagan on July 28. The law banned the carrying of loaded weapons in public. Both Republicans and Democrats in California supported increased gun control. Governor Ronald Reagan, who was coincidentally present on the capitol lawn when the protesters arrived, later commented that he saw "no reason why on the street today a citizen should be carrying loaded weapons" and that guns were a "ridiculous way to solve problems that have

neg: America First Party (2002) America First Party (2002) The America First Party is or was a minor paleoconservative party in the United States. The party was formed on April 15, 2002, when a group of Pat Buchanan supporters left the Reform Party. The party is pro-life, opposes all gun control, seeks to end affirmative action, racial quotas, and is against illegal and unlimited immigration. Buchanan himself has never publicly professed any affiliation with the party, though his books are for sale on the party's website "[A]utographed... specially for the Party". The AFP has attracted individuals such as former Boston mayor and ambassador to the

neg: Gun laws in New Mexico only exception to this is when one is traveling through the reservation on a state-owned highway (includes US and Interstate highways), in which case state firearms policies and protections under the federal Firearm Owners' Protection Act (FOPA) do apply. While some tribes have established gun control policies that match New Mexico state law and honor New Mexico concealed carry permits, other tribes do not recognize any concealed carry permit regardless of where it was issued, and have far more restrictive gun control laws. Tribes with laws that do not match New Mexico state law have policies on open and concealed

neg: Tomiichi Murayama The Food Sanitation Law of 1995 introduced a comprehensive food safety system. In 1995, an amendment to the Firearm and Sword Possession Control Law made gun possession a more serious offence, and the Science and Technology Basic Law passed that same year provided the framework of Japan's science and technology policy. In 1995, the Mental Health Act was revised to improve psychiatric and medical treatment and psychiatric rehabilitation “and to ensure coordination among the mental health system and other health, social service, and administrative sectors.” The Container and Package Recycling Law of 1995 prescribed “obligatory duties of business parties for

neg: Gun show loophole the same, but only for handguns. Vermont passed new gun control laws in 2018, one of which requires background checks for private sales. A majority of these jurisdictions require unlicensed sellers to keep records of firearm sales. The following table summarizes these state laws. In 1968, Congress passed the Gun Control Act (GCA), under which modern firearm commerce operates. The GCA mandated Federal Firearms Licenses (FFLs) for those "engaged in the business" of selling firearms, but not for private individuals who sold firearms infrequently. Under the Gun Control Act, firearm dealers were prohibited from doing business anywhere except the address

neg: Franklin Zimring of the UC Berkeley School of Law in 1983 as director of the Earl Warren Legal Institute, a position he held until 2002. He was appointed the first Wolfen Distinguished Scholar in 2006 and served in that capacity until 2013. Zimring has written several books on topics such as capital punishment and drug control. He has also published a number of academic papers, including one in the "University of Chicago Law Review" in 1968 on gun control which found that both gun and knife attacks were both typically unplanned and with no intent to kill, but if a gun was

neg: Gun politics in the United States grew largely out of safety-issues resulting from the creation of gun-free zones that were legislatively mandated amidst a response to widely publicized school shootings. In 2001, in "United States v. Emerson", the Fifth Circuit became the first federal appeals court to recognize an individual's right to own guns. In 2007, in "Parker v. District of Columbia", the D.C. Circuit became the first federal appeals court to strike down a gun control law on Second Amendment grounds. Smart guns only fire when in the hands of the owner, a feature gun safety advocates say eliminates accidental firings by children, and the

neg: Presidency of Barack Obama advocacy and subsequent mass shootings such as the Charleston church shooting, no major gun control bill passed Congress during Obama's presidency, in part due to the power of 2nd Amendment activists such as the National Rifle Association. Obama's presidency ironically saw expansion of gun rights in the United States, as the Supreme Court ruled in "McDonald v. City of Chicago" that the Second Amendment applies to the states in addition to the federal government. Obama signed into law two bills containing amendments reducing restrictions on gun owners, one which permitted guns to be transported in checked baggage on Amtrak trains

neg: Gun laws in Canada Children under the age of 12 that are found to need a firearm to hunt or trap may also be awarded the minor's licence. This is generally reserved for children in remote locations, primarily aboriginal communities that engage in subsistence hunting. Long gun registration is no longer required after Bill C-19 was passed and made into law. However, it was still required in Quebec until March 27, 2015, when the Supreme Court of Canada ruled that the destruction of long-gun registry records was within the constitutional power of Parliament to make criminal law, denying the Quebec government's legal challenge and

neg: Land use before they are codified. In colonial America, few regulations existed to control the use of land, due to the seemingly endless amounts of it. As society shifted from rural to urban, public land regulation became important, especially to city governments trying to control industry, commerce, and housing within their boundaries. The first zoning ordinance was passed in New York City in 1916, and, by the 1930s, most states had adopted zoning laws. In the 1970s, concerns about the environment and historic preservation led to further regulation. Today, federal, state, and local governments regulate growth and development through statutory law. The

neg: Gun politics in the United States plan for reducing gun violence in four parts: closing background check loopholes; banning assault weapons and large capacity magazines; making schools safer; and increasing access to mental health services. The plan included proposals for new laws to be passed by Congress, and a series of executive actions not requiring Congressional approval. No new federal gun control legislation was passed as a result of these proposals. President Obama later stated in a 2015 interview with the BBC that gun control: has been the one area where I feel that I've been most frustrated and most stymied, it is the fact that

neg: Gun control enacted or repealed. A 2004 study in the "Journal of the American Medical Association" found evidence that child access prevention laws were "associated with a modest reduction in suicide rates among youth aged 14 to 17 years." Two 2015 studies found that the permit-to-purchase law passed in Connecticut in 1995 was associated with a reduction in firearm suicides and homicides. One of these studies also found that the repeal of Missouri's permit-to-purchase law was associated with "a 16.1% increase in firearm suicide rates," and a 2014 study by the same research team found that the repeal of this law was

neg: Physician gag law Physician gag law In the United States, a physician gag law is a law that prohibits physicians from asking their patients about whether the patient owns a gun. In some cases, these laws may also restrict the ability of physicians to counsel their patients about gun safety. The term was first used to describe the "Firearm Owners' Privacy Act," a law that was supported by the National Rifle Association and passed in Florida in 2011, which prohibited doctors from “making written inquiry or asking questions concerning the ownership of a firearm or ammunition by the patient or by a family

neg: Gun laws in Honduras to prosecute. In May 1985, when Honduras was transiting from military rule to a democracy, the Regulations for the Possession and Carrying of Weapons, Agreement Number 1029 was passed by the Legislative Power. By the mid 1990s, the administration of police forces was no longer part of the armed forces and therefore gun regulation became a civil task. In July 2000, the Act on the Control of Firearms, Ammunition, Explosives and Other Related Material was enacted, outlining the rights and limitations of citizens regarding weapons. Since then, several reforms to the Act have been passed in an effort to limit

neg: Gun laws in New York counties, with New York City's license costing $340 every three years and by contrast, a renewal charge of $10.00 in Suffolk County every 5 years. New York's ban on nunchuks was ruled unconstitutional on December 14, 2018. In the wake of the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting and the 2012 Webster, New York shooting, New York became the first U.S. state to enact stricter gun control laws when it passed the NY SAFE Act on January 15, 2013. New measures included the redefining of what is considered an assault weapon, assault weapon registration, prohibition of sales of assault weapons, the

neg: USS William B. Preston (DD-344) soon underway heading downriver. Three hours later, while proceeding between Silver Island and Hsing Shan fort, small arms fire again crackled from the shore, first directed at Fungwo and next at "William B. Preston". Bluejackets on the destroyer promptly broke out their Lewis guns and Springfields to reply, but the situation suddenly worsened when a 3-inch gun at the fort opened fire on the ships. One shell splashed into the muddy river ahead of the destroyer; another fell in the ship's wake; and the third passed through the fire control platform. The destroyer's number one 4-inch gun was quickly trained

neg: Pat Toomey The legislation did not pass when it was originally introduced, or when it was re-introduced in 2015. In 2016, Toomey voted against a bill that would prohibit gun purchases for individuals on the no-fly list. According to "Politico", "Toomey's advocacy for expanded background checks has hurt his standing among gun-rights groups but bolstered his bipartisan bona fides in the swing state of Pennsylvania." Toomey opposed President Obama's executive orders on gun control as contrary to the constitutional system of checks and balances, but believes background checks should be passed by the Congress. He received nearly $93,000 from guns rights groups,

neg: Sullivan Act Act was passed so that Sullivan could have friends in the police force plant handguns on his rivals and take them to jail. Sullivan Act The Sullivan Act is a gun control law in New York State that took effect in 1911. The law required licenses for New Yorkers to possess firearms small enough to be concealed. Private possession of such firearms without a license was a misdemeanor, and carrying them in public was a felony. The act was named for its primary legislative sponsor, state senator Timothy Sullivan, a notoriously corrupt Tammany Hall politician. For handguns, the Sullivan Act

neg: Nazi gun control argument was determined to deprive Americans of their constitutional rights." Because mainstream scholars argue that gun laws in Germany were already strict prior to Hitler, gun-control advocates may view the hypothesis as a form of "Reductio ad Hitlerum". In a 2004 issue of the "Fordham Law Review", legal scholar Bernard Harcourt said Halbrook "perhaps rightly" could say that he made the first scholarly analysis of his Nazi-gun-registration subject, but as a gun-rights litigator, not as a historian. Harcourt called on historians for more research and serious scholarship on Nazi gun laws. "Apparently," Harcourt wrote, "the historians have paid scant attention to

neg: Everytown for Gun Safety The group's definition of a "school shooting" was also challenged in 2014 when Everytown claimed there had been 74 school shootings since Sandy Hook. Everytown for Gun Safety Everytown for Gun Safety is an American nonprofit organization which advocates for gun control and against gun violence. Everytown was founded in 2014, combining 'Mayors Against Illegal Guns' and 'Moms Demand Action for Gun Sense in America'. Everytown for Gun Safety is largely financed by Michael Bloomberg, who also founded the group. The organization works to "support efforts to educate policy makers, as well the press and the public, about the consequences

neg: John Popper roundtable discussion on gun control which included panelists from the Law Enforcement Alliance of America and Harvard's John F. Kennedy School of Government. He carries weapons in any state where it is allowed, even carrying them onstage. On his "Daily Show" appearance, he stated that he decided to move away from New Jersey because of the state's tight gun laws. He said that his Bucks County, Pennsylvania property had on which he built a private gun range. Popper is a member of the Libertarian Party, and has previously expressed support for the Republican Party. He endorsed George W. Bush in

neg: Oregon pioneer history a governor. This government remained in control of portions of the region until 1849 when the United States' territorial government arrived. Beginning in 1849, the Oregon Territorial Legislature began meeting and passing laws, with the Provisional Government's laws remaining in effect unless a new law was passed (except a law allowing for minting of money that was set aside by the first territorial governor). In 1857, the people of the territory passed a resolution to hold a convention to draft a constitution in order to achieve statehood. The Oregon Constitutional Convention was held in Salem during the summer of 1857,

neg: International Action Network on Small Arms Arms Trade Treaty was approved by the UN General Assembly in 2006. The US National Rifle Association says IANSA is using the treaty as the first step in a ban on private gun ownership in the United States, and also of making it easier for the world's dictatorships to oppress their own citizens. The Gun Owners of America lobbying organisation has been equally vocal in its criticism of IANSA. IANSA is described as an umbrella network to which almost all national and regional gun control groups belong and is estimated to represent over 800 gun control organizations in 120 countries.

neg: National Rifle Association NRA and used the recently passed gun control measures to motivate voters in the 1994 midterm elections. In 1993, with Democrats in the majority of both the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives, President Bill Clinton signed 'The Brady Bill', named after the press secretary who was shot and paralyzed during the 1981 assassination attempt of President Reagan. 'The Brady Bill' created a mechanism for background checks in order to enforce the GCA of 1968 and prevent criminals and minors from purchasing guns. In addition, the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 included a 10 year ban

neg: Gun violence and gun control in Texas the federal government has used its regulatory authority over interstate affairs to prohibit activities on a nationwide basis that are regarded as contributing to criminal activity. Title IV (State Firearms Control Assistance) and the 1968 Gun Control Act were two federal reactions to handgun violence. More recently, the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act was passed in 1993 and sets national minimum requirements for firearms purchases. The main focus of the Brady Act is to prevent felons from obtaining firearms. According to the Open Society Institute, generally a lobbyist for gun control & an international grantmaking network founded by business magnate

neg: Florida Senate Bill 7026 Florida Senate Bill 7026 The Florida Senate Bill 7026 or the Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School Public Safety Act is a Florida bill to tighten gun control, school security and school safety. The bill would ban bump stocks and raise the minimum age to purchase a firearm from 18 to 21, among other restrictions. The Florida Senate passed the bill 20–18 in March 2018, three weeks after the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting. The Florida House of Representatives passed the bill 67–50, with House Republicans voting 57–19 and House Democrats voting 10–31. The bill was signed into law by Governor

neg: Debbie Stabenow and failed our children." After the Orlando nightclub shooting, Stabenow participated in the Chris Murphy gun control filibuster. One month later, she supported Democrat proposed bills to ban people on the terrorist watchlist from buying guns and to expand background checks. Neither bill passed the Senate. Stabenow blamed the NRA for the bills' failure to pass. In 2017, Stabenow and Debbie Dingell, introduced a law that would make it illegal for people charged with misdemeanor stalking to buy guns. Stabenow has an "A+" rating from the Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence and an "F" rating from both the National

neg: Northern Colorado sends more oil and gas revenue to the state than it receives back for schools, roads, and other services. In 2013 the Democratic-controlled Colorado General Assembly passed tighter gun control laws, higher renewable energy reliance laws, and livestock treatment laws. A higher environmental standard oil and gas production law was narrowly defeated. During the debates over these laws, talk of secession began in the Eastern Plains area. At a meeting of the state's county commissioners in early June, a State House leader indicated that they would attempt to pass the oil environmental standards law again. This brought the secession discussion

neg: Jews for the Preservation of Firearms Ownership the government. This law, as well as the August 7, 1920, "Law on the Disarmament of the People" passed in light of the Versailles Treaty, remained in effect until 1928, when the German parliament enacted the "Law on Firearms and Ammunition" (April 12, 1928)—a law which relaxed gun restrictions and put into effect a strict firearm licensing scheme." Harcourt continued, "To be sure, the Nazis were intent on killing Jewish persons and used the gun laws and regulations to further the genocide", but he concluded that the firearms laws were not central to implementing the Holocaust. Attorney and author Stephen

neg: Gun Buster (arcade game) Gun Buster (arcade game) , also known as and released in North America as Operation Gunbuster, is a first-person shooter video game developed by Taito and released for arcades in . In contrast to on-rail light gun shooters at the time, this was one of the first arcade games to feature free-roaming FPS gameplay, the same year "Wolfenstein 3D" was released on personal computers. "Gun Buster"s control scheme consists of a joystick for movement and strafing and a light gun for aiming and turning. The player can also carry multiple weapons, each with different recharge rates and movement speeds, and

neg: Arming America didn’t even pause to consider the possibility that something wasn’t right." Historian Peter Charles Hoffer, an advocate of gun control, lent support to Cramer's charge when, in a 2004 examination of the Bellesiles case, he noted that influential members of the historical profession had "taken strong public stands on violence in our society and its relation to gun control." For instance, the academics solicited for blurbs by Bellesiles’ publisher Alfred A. Knopf "were ecstatic in part because the book knocked the gun lobby." Bellesiles energized this professional consensus by attempting to play "the professors against the NRA in a high-wire

neg: New Mexico then Governor Bill Richardson signed the law abolishing the death penalty in New Mexico following the assembly and senate vote the week before, thus becoming the 15th U.S. state to abolish the penalty. On gun control, New Mexico arguably has some of the least restrictive firearms laws in the country. State law pre-empts all local gun control ordinances. Unlike states with strong gun control laws, a New Mexico resident may purchase any firearm deemed legal under federal law. There are no waiting periods under state law for picking up a firearm after it has been purchased, and there are no

neg: Gun laws in Georgia Georgia's gun laws were drastically revised when Governor Nathan Deal signed House Bill 60, or the Safe Carry Protection Act, into action. The Safe Carry Protection Act changed many of the currently enacted gun laws in place beforehand. In 2017, the Georgia legislature passed HB 280, which allows for concealed carry permit holders to carry concealed handguns on public college campuses. Governor Nathan Deal signed it into law on May 4, 2017. The law took effect July 1, 2017 on all University System of Georgia Campuses, including universities, colleges, and trade schools under the University System. Under HB280 any Georgia

neg: Ghost gun and pass a background check. In 2015, during the state of New York's first prosecution for sale of ghost guns, Attorney General Eric Schneiderman said it is "easy" for "criminals to make completely untraceable, military-grade firearms." Ghost gun A ghost gun is a firearm without serial numbers. The term is used by gun control advocates, gun rights advocates, law enforcement, and some in the firearm industry. By making the gun themselves, owners may legally bypass background checks and registration regulations. Under U.S. federal law, the creation and possession of ghost guns is permitted, but a license is required to manufacture

neg: James Lindgren America as revealed in probate records, are among the most downloaded law review articles ever published. His historical and doctrinal work on extortion was adopted by the Supreme Court in "United States v. Evans" (1992), which held that bribery behavior could be punished as extortion under the federal Hobbs Act. Lindgren is a cofounder of the Section on Scholarship of the Association of American Law Schools and a former chair of its Section on Social Science and the Law. Lindgren was a leading critic and investigator of charges of scholarly impropriety against pro-gun-control scholar Michael Bellesiles, who eventually resigned and

neg: Amy Klobuchar that have become law, including the Combating Human Trafficking in Commercial Vehicles Act; the No Human Trafficking on Our Roads Act; S.2974 (which funded the U.S. National Human Trafficking Hotline); and the Justice for Victims of Trafficking Act of 2015. Klobuchar has a "F" rating from the National Rifle Association (NRA) for supporting gun control legislation. In the wake of the 2016 Orlando nightclub shooting, Klobuchar participated in the Chris Murphy gun control filibuster. According to her Senate website, while serving as Attorney of Hennepin County, Klobuchar was "a leading advocate for successful passage of Minnesota's first felony DWI law".

neg: Gun Owners of America of America sees the right to bear arms as a fundamental freedom issue. GOA's stance is to "never compromise" and not to accept the status quo. According to Gun Owners of America 's official website, its board contends that Americans have lost some of their gun rights, and GOA strives to get them back. For 30 years, Gun Owners of America has been building a nationwide network of lawyers to aid in challenging gun control legislation in the courts. Gun Owners of America has been involved in legal proceedings in almost every state in the hopes of maintaining and advancing

neg: Andrew Cuomo law the first state gun control bill to pass after the December 14, 2012, Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting in neighboring Connecticut. The NY SAFE Act was described as the toughest gun control law in the United States. The act came under criticism, and the National Rifle Association called it draconian. The New York State Sheriffs' Association issued a statement supporting tougher penalties for illegal use of firearms, but criticizing several aspects of the legislation, including a magazine limit of seven rounds and a "too broad" definition of assault weapons. On July 5, 2013, Cuomo signed an amendment to the

neg: National Rifle Association Rock Island Arsenal began the manufacture of M1903 Springfield rifles for civilian members of the NRA in 1910. The Director of Civilian Marksmanship began manufacture of M1911 pistols for NRA members in August 1912. Until 1927, the United States Department of War provided free ammunition and targets to civilian rifle clubs with a minimum membership of ten United States citizens at least 16 years of age. The NRA formed its Legislative Affairs Division to update members with facts and analysis of upcoming bills, after the National Firearms Act (NFA) of 1934 became the first federal gun-control law passed in the

neg: Gun control policy of the Bill Clinton administration unstable Vietnam vet, who had just been released from a mental hospital. The man went on a killing spree with the gun. Clinton cited this in his autobiography, as the best argument he encountered as to why the background checks in the Brady Law were needed. In February 1993 Clinton encouraged congress to pass the Brady bill, stating that he would sign it if they passed it. That same month Charles Schumer introduced the bill in the House and Howard Metzenbaum did so in the Senate. Public opinion polls at the time showed a majority favored the bill. After several

neg: Gun Control Act of 1968 1968 "provides an ideal case study to highlight the political processes affecting a direct effort to regulate firearms." He also stated in his book that President Johnson's proposal called for national registration of all guns as well as licensing for all gun carriers, but his influence over the enacted law was small. House Rules Committee chair William Colmer only released H.R. 177735 to the floor after Judiciary Committee chair Emanuel Celler promised to oppose efforts to add licensing and registration provisions. Gun Control Act of 1968 The Gun Control Act of 1968 (GCA or GCA68) is a U.S. federal law

neg: Gun politics in the United States that the federal government would begin to confiscate firearms. Though gun control is not strictly a partisan issue, there is generally more support for gun control legislation in the Democratic Party than in the Republican Party. The Libertarian Party, whose campaign platforms favor limited government, is outspokenly against gun control. The National Rifle Association (NRA) was founded to promote firearm competency in 1871. The NRA supported the NFA and, ultimately, the GCA. After the GCA, more strident groups, such as the Gun Owners of America (GOA), began to advocate for gun rights. According to the GOA, it was founded in

neg: Gun violence in the United States Act passed by Congress in 1993 imposed a waiting period before the purchase of a handgun, giving time for, but not requiring, a background check to be made. The Brady Act also required the establishment of a national system to provide instant criminal background checks, with checks to be done by firearms dealers. The Brady Act only applied to people who bought guns from licensed dealers, whereas felons buy some percentage of their guns from black market sources. Restrictions, such as waiting periods, impose costs and inconveniences on legitimate gun purchasers, such as hunters. The Violent Crime Control and Law

neg: Nazi gun control argument Holocaust, with many distancing themselves from the idea. Political scientist Robert Spitzer said (in the same law review as Harcourt, who stated the same thing) the quality of Halbrook's historical research is poor. In reference to Halbrook's hypothesis that gun control leads to authoritarian regimes, Spitzer says that "actual cases of nation-building and regime change, including but not limited to Germany, if anything support the opposite position." White U.S. nationalist William L. Pierce wrote in his 1994 pamphlet: "When you have read [and compare the 1928 and 1938 German gun laws], you will understand that it was Hitler's enemies, not

neg: Adam Dread Belcourt Theatre. He still hosts the annual "Oyster Easter" event for the CRC and was named their "2007 Volunteer of the Year." In October 2009 Adam Dread wast voted "Best Attorney" in Nashville by the readers of the "Nashville Scene". In the summer of 2009 Dread became very involved in the controversial new gun laws enacted in Tennessee. When the Legislature passed a law allowing people with carry permits to take their handguns into bars, Dread, and a team of lawyers, sued the State of Tennessee. They alleged that the law was passed due to fraudulent facts provided by lobbyists.

neg: Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State and Peru, Clinton dealt with questions at every stop about the recently passed and widely controversial Arizona SB 1070 anti-illegal immigration law, which had damaged the image of the U.S. in Latin America. When answering a question from local television reporters in Quito about it, she said that President Obama was opposed to it and that "The Justice Department, under his direction, will be bringing a lawsuit against the act." This was the first public confirmation that the Justice Department would act against the law; a month later, it became official as the lawsuit "United States of America v. Arizona".

neg: People v. Aguilar then stayed the order for 180 days to give the Illinois legislature an opportunity to amend the law to make it constitutional. In January 2013 the Illinois Legislature began to look at enacting legislation to address the "Moore" decision. Lt. Governor Sheila Simon formed a working group of thirteen Democrats and two Republicans to look into the issue. During hearings on the matter, debate centered on concealed carry permits, with gun rights groups preferring shall-issue permits while gun control groups favored may-issue permits. On May 31, 2013, the state house passed a shall-issue bill by a vote of 89–28, after

neg: Province of Maryland St. Mary's City, and eventually restored order. In 1649 Maryland passed the Maryland Toleration Act, also known as the Act Concerning Religion, a law mandating religious tolerance for trinitarian Christians. Passed on 21 September 1649 by the assembly of the Maryland Colony, it was the first law requiring religious tolerance in the English North American colonies. In 1654, after the Third English Civil War (1649–1651), Parliamentary (Puritan) forces assumed control of Maryland for a time. When dissidents pressed for an established church, Caecilius Calvert's noted that Maryland settlers were "Presbyterians, Independents, Anabaptists, and Quakers, those of the Church of England