query: in which city did organized option markets originate

pos: Futures exchange Exchange in Osaka, Japan. The London Metal Market and Exchange Company (London Metal Exchange) was founded in 1877, but the market traces its origins back to 1571 and the opening of the Royal Exchange, London. Before the exchange was created, business was conducted by traders in London coffee houses using a makeshift ring drawn in chalk on the floor. At first only copper was traded. Lead and zinc were soon added but only gained official trading status in 1920. The exchange was closed during World War II and did not re-open until 1952. The range of metals traded was extended

neg: Bank of America Home Loans certificates of deposit, through the Internet, call centers and more than 200 financial centers, many of which were located in Countrywide Home Loans' retail branch offices as of April 1, 2007. Countrywide Warehouse Lending provides warehouse lines of credit to mortgage bankers, who use these funds to originate loans. These mortgage bankers are primarily customers of Countrywide Home Loans' Correspondent Lending division and the Capital Markets divisions; the mortgage bankers use warehouse lines of credit from Countrywide Warehouse Lending to help originate loans, then sell those loans to Countrywide through Correspondent Lending or Capital Markets. The Capital Markets segment primarily

neg: Muskogee, Oklahoma of the city of more than 4,000 people to a center of business and industry by 1910, with a population of more than 25,000 inhabitants. Haskell built the first five-story business block in Oklahoma Territory; he built and owned fourteen brick buildings in the city. Most importantly, he organized and built most of the railroads running into the city, which connected it to other markets and centers of population, stimulating its business and retail, and attracting new residents. As Muskogee’s economic and business importance grew, so did its political power. In the years before the territory was admitted as a

neg: NHL Network (1975 TV program) did they not gain new markets, many stations that already carried the Monday game didn't pick up the Saturday one. A few of the markets in the Eastern Time Zone that aired the Saturday afternoon games included Boston, Buffalo, New York, Washington and Springfield, MA. In addition, the NHL gave stations the option of starting the Saturday afternoon broadcasts at 1 Eastern time or starting at 2 EST, with the full open and a first period summary preceding live action of the final two periods. WDCA (the Washington, D.C. affiliate) and WWLP (the Springfield, MA affiliate) took that option. WPGH

neg: National Strike Committee of Belarus strike is attended by 120-190 thousand entrepreneurs and employed persons from almost all cities of the Republic of Belarus. The strike lasted 10 days. December 19, 2002 – Strike of entrepreneurs in Grodno demanding resignation of the current president Lukashenko. More than 4,000 entrepreneurs have supported this demand and did not come to work. January 22, 2003 - One-day strike of entrepreneurs in Grodno. Major markets and mini-markets of the city were closed; more than 8,000 people participated in this strike. February 27, 2003 - Strike Committee of Entrepreneurs together with business structures organized a political meeting in defense of

neg: Robert W. Baird & Co. Baird. In 2004, Baird became a fully independent, employee-owned financial services firm. Its headquarters remain in Milwaukee.[9] Baird is organized into five business units: Private Wealth Management, Asset Management, Equity Capital Markets, Fixed Income Capital Markets and Private Equity. Baird Financial Advisors provide financial advice, planning strategies, and investment solutions to high-net-worth individuals and institutional clients, managing and overseeing more than $130 billion in client assets. An in-house team of investment research and other specialists provide clients with services including portfolio management, retirement planning, philanthropic gifting, and risk management. The group also provides retirement plans, stock option exercise programs, hedging

neg: Transit Expressway Revenue Line Westinghouse Electric's founding) proposed a $114 million plan for a more conventional steel-wheeled light rail system. The system would originate in the South Hills area as the present streetcar system did and extend through downtown to the East Liberty neighborhood. Driverless operation would be an option, and the system would be fully grade-separated. WABCO's proposal notwithstanding, PAT voted to adopt the Skybus plan on July 10, 1969. PAT's decision provoked a storm of controversy, both for the decision itself and the manner in which it was taken. Throughout the decision-making process PAT held numerous closed-door meetings and was less than

neg: Ancillary market Not only did Network Television open up ancillary markets for TV, but other markets as well. The VCR then became a hot commodity, because the consumer wanted the option of recording. That slowly transitioned to the DVD that took out the VCR, and finally DVR. Which seems to be just that, a VCR and a DVD combined. Network television took a gigantic step when it later allowed programs to have different showing dates, and even multiple air times. This offered different networks to still be able to ear revenue off of an older film that already has left the box

neg: Volatility smile surface. The pattern differs across various markets. Equity options traded in American markets did not show a volatility smile before the Crash of 1987 but began showing one afterwards. It is believed that investor reassessments of the probabilities of fat-tail have led to higher prices for out-of-the-money options. This anomaly implies deficiencies in the standard Black-Scholes option pricing model which assumes constant volatility and log-normal distributions of underlying asset returns. Empirical asset returns distributions, however, tend to exhibit fat-tails (kurtosis) and skew. Modelling the volatility smile is an active area of research in quantitative finance, and better pricing models such

neg: Volatility smile price for an option. This implied volatility is best regarded as a rescaling of option prices which makes comparisons between different strikes, expirations, and underlyings easier and more intuitive. When implied volatility is plotted against strike price, the resulting graph is typically downward sloping for equity markets, or valley-shaped for currency markets. For markets where the graph is downward sloping, such as for equity options, the term "volatility skew" is often used. For other markets, such as FX options or equity index options, where the typical graph turns up at either end, the more familiar term "volatility smile" is used.

neg: Eva McCall Hamilton Osborn commended Hamilton in a letter on March 30, 1912 for her efforts in the "woman's suffrage cause", when he wrote, "I think no one has done better work for the cause than you." Hamilton was also a leader in the campaign to establish city farmers markets like the one that still operates at East Fulton Street and Fuller Avenue in Grand Rapids. Though the markets were opposed by the dozens of neighborhood grocers in the city, Hamilton and other members of the "High Cost of Living Commission" argued the markets were a preferable option of getting fresh food to

neg: New York City Business Integrity Commission New York City Business Integrity Commission The Business Integrity Commission (BIC) is the agency of the New York City government responsible for regulating the private carting industry, public wholesale markets businesses, and the shipboard gambling industry. Its purpose is to combat corruption in these industries from organized crime, and was created from the 2001 Organized Crime Control Commission, itself created from the 1996 Trade Waste Commission, the Markets Division in the Small Business Services Department, and the Gambling Commission. It consists of a chairperson appointed by the mayor and of the commissioners of the Police Department, the Department of Consumer

neg: Guns N' Roses in a previously unannounced performance, playing "Welcome to the Jungle", "Madagascar", and "Paradise City". In November 2002, the band's first North American tour since 1993 was organized to support "Chinese Democracy", with CKY and Mix Master Mike joining. However, the opening show in Vancouver was canceled by the venue when Rose failed to turn up. According to Guns' management, "Axl's flight from L.A. had been delayed by mechanical troubles". A riot ensued. This tour was met with mixed results. Some concerts did not sell well, while shows in larger markets such as New York City sold out in minutes. Due

neg: Phi Kappa Phi annually, and to have a total of more than 1 million members since its creation, from over 300 college-based chapters in the United States, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines. In the late 1800s, there were only two academic societies founded and organized as honor societies, and they were discipline specific – Tau Beta Pi and Sigma Xi, which were founded in 1885 and 1886, respectively. There was also Phi Beta Kappa, a social and literary society that did not originate as an honor society when it was founded in 1776 but would soon become one for the liberal arts and

neg: Manitowoc, Wisconsin member districts. The current mayor is Justin Nickels. The Manitowoc area is served by two main medical groups: Manitowoc public schools are administered by the Manitowoc Public School District. High schools within the city include: The city has three colleges and universities within its limits, including: Manitowoc is part of the Green Bay television market, although it is not uncommon for residents to receive stations over-the-air from Milwaukee, and across the lake from the Grand Rapids and Traverse City/Cadillac markets. No television stations originate from Manitowoc, and the only full-time presence of Green Bay stations in the city are remote-operated

neg: Hyundai Elantra domestically. Later, a 1.5-liter lean-burn () gasoline engine based on the Alpha DOHC engine was added. The Philippine version, as well as in some European markets, had the 1.6 (1599 cc) Beta, DOHC ("G4GR") which produced () (in some European markets ). New grilles arrived in 1998 for the 1999 model year. The Lantra in Europe converged into a single-front end design, for both sedan and wagon. The model received the "RD2" or "J3" model codes. A PSA-built 1.9-liter atmospheric diesel option was also added for some European markets, producing . A new 2.0-liter engine option became available. In Australia

neg: Puerto Rico political status plebiscites members of the PNP and the plebiscite itself was a major campaign promise for the governor. Others may argue that PDP advocates did not achieve a final victory in the 1993 vote because Congress rejected the commonwealth option presented on ballots. In the end, Commonwealth status was again upheld in the 1993 plebiscite. In the last locally organized plebiscite held in Puerto Rico, which took place on December 13, 1998, the current "status quo" (Commonwealth status) received less than one tenth of one percent (0.06%) of the total vote. The majority vote went to a "none of the above" option

neg: Yiwu International Trade City Yiwu International Trade City Yiwu International Trade City is the primary wholesale market complex in Yiwu, Zhejiang. There are a number of other large wholesale markets in Yiwu including the Huangyuan Market for clothing, several furniture markets, a capital goods market, and others. It's the world's largest wholesale market for items that are "relatively inexpensive, non-technical, mass-market", serving as the major conduit for many types of such goods. Yiwu is a hilly region originally inhabited by farmers. Poverty-ridden land left peasants with no option but trade for a living. As early as the 1600s, trading flowered in Yiwu. In the

neg: Yiwu International Trade City 7000 booths and shops. Yiwu International Trade City Yiwu International Trade City is the primary wholesale market complex in Yiwu, Zhejiang. There are a number of other large wholesale markets in Yiwu including the Huangyuan Market for clothing, several furniture markets, a capital goods market, and others. It's the world's largest wholesale market for items that are "relatively inexpensive, non-technical, mass-market", serving as the major conduit for many types of such goods. Yiwu is a hilly region originally inhabited by farmers. Poverty-ridden land left peasants with no option but trade for a living. As early as the 1600s, trading flowered

neg: Okhta Center won the competition. The decision was announced on December 1, 2006. In addition to the opinion of the jury, Gazprom invited the public to cast their votes on the company's web-site (it was closed after the project was renamed Okhta Center) and through the ballots distributed at the exhibit. Notably, the ballots did not provide a "none of the above" option, which automatically made all those who had cast their votes into supporters of the construction. Newsportal Vedomosti organized their own survey, asking whether respondents considered it an option to construct a 300-meter skyscraper on the site of the Nyenschantz

neg: Weekly Markets in Munich the Bavarian Farmers’ Organisation. In contrast to professional market vendors, stall-holders on farmers’ markets have to be small farmers and members of the Bauernmarkt München e. V. In 1996 Munich’s first weekly organic market was opened on Pfanzeltplatz (Perlach). Usually organic food market are smaller than conventional weekly markets. The weekly markets are organized by the Wholesale Market Munich who, together with Viktualienmarkt, Elisabethmarkt, Pasing Viktualienmarkt, Wiener Markt and the Weekly Markets in Munich, is a municipal company run by the City of Munich. Weekly Markets in Munich The weekly markets in Munich, Germany, are an important source of food

neg: Aztecs produce much metal work, but did have knowledge of basic smelting technology for gold, and they combined gold with precious stones such as jade and turquoise. Copper products were generally imported from the Tarascans of Michoacan. Products were distributed through a network of markets; some markets specialized in a single commodity (for example the dog market of Acolman) and other general markets with presence of many different goods. Markets were highly organized with a system of supervisors taking care that only authorized merchants were permitted to sell their goods, and punishing those who cheated their customers or sold substandard or

neg: Hijab In a 2014 survey of men and women in seven Muslim-majority countries, the Afghan burqa was the preferred form of woman's dress for 11% of respondents in Saudi Arabia, 4% in Iraq, 3% in Pakistan, 2% in Lebanon, and 1% or less in Egypt, Tunisia, and Turkey. The niqab face veil was the preferred option for 63% of respondents in Saudi Arabia, 32% in Pakistan, 9% in Egypt, 8% in Iraq, and 2% or less in Lebanon, Tunisia, and Turkey. Veiling did not originate with the advent of Islam. Statuettes depicting veiled priestesses precede all major Abrahamic religions (Christianity, Judaism,

neg: American Bankers Association an alternative path to careers in banking to collegiate training in finance and law. The ABA, first headquartered in New York City, organized its activities through sections focused on particular bank types. The trust company section was organized in 1896, followed by one for clearing houses in 1899, savings banks in 1902, and state bankers associations in 1908. The ABA's growth continued with the emergence of the Federal Reserve System, which required national banks to be members of a Federal Reserve Bank and provided the option to state-chartered banks. In 1915, the ABA organized a section for national banks and

neg: Plymouth 2003, a report by the South West RDA was published looking at the future of aviation in the south-west and the possible closure of airports. It concluded that the best option for the south-west was to close Plymouth City Airport and expand Exeter International Airport and Newquay Cornwall Airport, although it did conclude that this was not the best option for Plymouth. In April 2011, it was announced that the airport would close, which it did on 23 December. FlyPlymouth put forward plans to reopen the city airport by 2018, providing daily services to various destinations including London. Plymouth railway

neg: Kasson Public School modified rehabilitation of the school building and Option 3) a completely new structure on the general footprint of the existing building [note: after demolition of the 1918 school]. On August 10, 2011 the KPLBC presented the aforementioned Option 3 to the city council. That option proposed replacing the historic 1918 school with a $4.5 million 20,000 square foot library facility which included 3,000 sq. ft. of community meeting space. The plan would have been implemented after demolishing the historic school. The council did not vote to demolish the school however they did vote to have the KPLBC continue with their

neg: Binary option prison, three years of supervised release, and ordered to pay restitution of $105,869 (Cedeno was indicted in March and pleaded not guilty). Binary option A binary option is a financial exotic option in which the payoff is either some fixed monetary amount or nothing at all. The two main types of binary options are the cash-or-nothing binary option and the asset-or-nothing binary option. The former pays some fixed amount of cash if the option expires in-the-money while the latter pays the value of the underlying security. They are also called all-or-nothing options, digital options (more common in forex/interest rate markets),

neg: Binary option Binary option A binary option is a financial exotic option in which the payoff is either some fixed monetary amount or nothing at all. The two main types of binary options are the cash-or-nothing binary option and the asset-or-nothing binary option. The former pays some fixed amount of cash if the option expires in-the-money while the latter pays the value of the underlying security. They are also called all-or-nothing options, digital options (more common in forex/interest rate markets), and fixed return options (FROs) (on the American Stock Exchange). While binary options may be used in theoretical asset pricing, they are

neg: Prediction market Prediction market Prediction markets (also known as predictive markets, information markets, decision markets, idea futures, event derivatives, or virtual markets) are exchange-traded markets created for the purpose of trading the outcome of events. The market prices can indicate what the crowd thinks the probability of the event is. A prediction market contract trades between 0 and 100%. It is a binary option that will expire at the price of 0 or 100%. Prediction markets can be thought of as belonging to the more general concept of crowdsourcing which is specially designed to aggregate information on particular topics of interest. The

neg: Shiso food markets in the West. Earnest production of the leafy herb did not begin until the 1960s. One anecdote is that 1961, a cooperative or guild of commodities based in Shizuoka Prefecture picked large-sized green leaves of shiso and shipped them to the Osaka market. They gained popularity such that became the trade name for bunches of picked green leaves. A dissenting account places its origin in the city of Toyohashi, Aichi, the foremost "ōba"-producer in the country, and claims experimented with planting c. 1955, and around 1962 started merchandizing the leaf part as "Ōba". In 1963 they organized "cooperative

neg: Memory and aging This deficit can be explained by the inefficient processing in the medial-temporal regions. This region is important in episodic memory, which is one of the two types of long-term human memory, and it contains the hippocampi, which are crucial in creating memorial association between items. Age-related memory loss is believed to originate in the dentate gyrus, whereas Alzheimer's is believed to originate in the entorhinal cortex. Various actions have been suggested to prevent memory loss or even improve memory. The Mayo Clinic has suggested seven steps: stay mentally active, socialize regularly, get organized, eat a healthy diet, include physical activity

neg: Striezelmarkt from the famous "Stollen", other specialities originate from Dresden and were originally sold at the Striezelmarkt. Striezelmarkt The Striezelmarkt in Dresden is one of Germany's oldest documented Christmas markets. Founded as a one-day market in 1434, it celebrated its 584th anniversary in 2018 which makes the Striezelmarkt one of the oldest Christmas markets in the world. Its 240 stands atract about 3 million visitors from all over the world. The annual market lasts throughout the Advent season until Christmas Eve. This market event was first mentioned in 1434, under Friedrich II, Elector of Saxony, when it was held the Monday

neg: Electronic markets chains where business collaborate during a longer period of time. In the latter case, the transaction partners are only stable for a single transaction. This is usually to be found in auction and other exchange settings. This leads to two definitions: In a narrow sense Electronic Markets are mainly conceived as allocation platforms with dynamic price discovery mechanisms involving atomistic relationships. Popular examples originate from the financial and energy industries. In a broader sense, price discovery is not critical for electronic markets. This covers all forms of electronic collaboration between organizations and consumer as well as vice versa. Electronic markets

neg: Counterfeit performs the final assembly to the exact number required for the number of items to be assembled (or as near to that number as is practicable) or may require the factory to account for every part used and to return any unused, faulty or damaged parts. To help distinguish the originals from the counterfeits, the copyright holder may also employ the use of serial numbers or holograms etc., which may be attached to the product in another factory still. Counterfeit culture is the thriving markets surrounding fake streetwear. Most commonly, these markets originate out of areas where the inability to

neg: Oakland Raiders relocation to Las Vegas however had the first option to join the Rams at the new stadium, the Raiders would have been authorized to negotiate an agreement if the Chargers did not exercise their option by January 2017. The Chargers exercised their choice and announced their relocation to Los Angeles in January 2017, shutting the Raiders out of the Southern California market. Around this time other markets expressed interest in luring the Raiders. For example Duluth, Minnesota submitted a proposal to construct a new stadium for the team, a proposal that was not taken seriously because of the metro area's small size, proximity to

neg: MundoMax operations under an outsourcing agreement with its owners, the Meruelo Group). Some affiliates that did not carry full-fledged newscasts had the option to produce two-minute local news capsules inserted into the network’s Noticias MundoFox national evening newscasts, weather updates or air local public affairs programming. Any remaining affiliates prior to the closure on November 30, 2016 had already exercised the option to switch to similar Spanish programming or change affiliations/formats altogether. In the third quarter of 2016 alone, affiliates in Puerto Rico, Dallas, Chicago, and a few other markets have abruptly changed programming or went silent. MundoMax maintained a website,

neg: Micromarket from technology providers, Micro Markets can be found on college campuses; lower cost technology options like 365 Retail Markets’ "nanomarket"™ are making locations under 150 a financially viable option; locations over 500 are finding value in having a “grab and go” option, appealing to a wider variety of consumers. According to one assessment: Micromarket Micro Markets are a rapidly growing retail sector, closely tied to the vending machine industry that utilizes automated self-checkout technology in order to operate in locations that need an unattended payment experience. Micro markets are unattended retail environments where consumers can purchase products from open shelves,

neg: History of the United States dollar 1935. For foreign exchange purposes, the set $20.67 per ounce value of the dollar was lifted, allowing the dollar to float freely in foreign exchange markets with no set value in gold. This was terminated after one year. Roosevelt attempted first to restabilize falling prices with the Agricultural Adjustment Act; however, this did not prove popular, so instead the next politically popular option was to devalue the dollar on foreign exchange markets. Under the Gold Reserve Act the value of gold was fixed at $35 per ounce, making the dollar more attractive for foreign buyers (and making foreign currencies more

neg: KVCW 2017. This included an option, that was exercisable between July 1, 2012 and March 31, 2013, for Fox parent News Corporation to buy a combination of six Sinclair-owned stations (two CW/MyNetworkTV duopolies and two standalone MyNetworkTV affiliates) in three out of four markets; KVCW and KVMY were included in the Fox purchase option, along with stations in Cincinnati (WSTR-TV), Raleigh (WLFL/WRDC) and Norfolk (WTVZ-TV). In January 2013, Fox announced that it will not exercise its option to buy any of the Sinclair stations in the four markets included in the option. On August 13, 2013, KSNV-DT announced that the NBC

neg: Quanto a quanto has an embedded currency forward with a variable notional amount. It is that variable notional amount that give quantos their name—"quanto" is short for "quantity adjusting option." Quanto options have both the strike price and underlier denominated in the foreign currency. At exercise, the value of the option is calculated as the option's intrinsic value in the foreign currency, which is then converted to the domestic currency at the fixed exchange rate. Another type of structure is called Quanto in the weather/energy markets. In these markets, a Quanto is a weather-contingent energy (or commodity) derivative. Weather contingent means

neg: WUTR Syracuse). With the purchase, Ackerley began to build a regional strategy called the "Central New York Station Group" (CNYSG) which eventually covered most of Upstate New York and acquired stations in markets the company did not initially enter. In October 2001, Clear Channel Communications (now iHeartMedia) announced its buyout of Ackerley closing on its purchase in 2002. Though initially no changes took place, market concentration concerns with Clear Channel's radio cluster in the Utica market put WUTR's future under the company in doubt. Given the option between potentially selling WUTR or the four-station "Sports Stars" sports radio simulcast, Clear Channel

neg: OTC Markets Group OTC Markets Group OTC Markets Group, (previously known as Pink Sheets) is an American financial market providing price and liquidity information for almost 10,000 over-the-counter (OTC) securities. The group has its headquarters in New York City. OTC-traded securities are organized into three markets to inform investors of opportunities and risks: OTCQX, OTCQB and Pink. The company was first established in 1913 as the National Quotation Bureau (NQB). For decades, the NQB reported quotations for both stocks and bonds, publishing the quotations in the paper-based Pink Sheets and Yellow Sheets respectively. The publications were named for the color of paper on

neg: OTC Markets Group on the OTC equity small cap market, including data for over 1,800 sub $500 million market cap listed issuers. OTC Markets Group OTC Markets Group, (previously known as Pink Sheets) is an American financial market providing price and liquidity information for almost 10,000 over-the-counter (OTC) securities. The group has its headquarters in New York City. OTC-traded securities are organized into three markets to inform investors of opportunities and risks: OTCQX, OTCQB and Pink. The company was first established in 1913 as the National Quotation Bureau (NQB). For decades, the NQB reported quotations for both stocks and bonds, publishing the quotations

neg: Oracle OLAP Database OLAP Option offers: The Oracle database tablespace codice_1 stores OLAPSYS schema objects and integrates Oracle Database OLAP Option with the Oracle Warehouse Builder (OWB). The CWMLITE name reflects the use of CWM — the Common Warehouse Metamodel, which Oracle Corporation refers to as "Common Warehouse Metadata". Oracle OLAP The Oracle Database OLAP Option implements On-line Analytical Processing (OLAP) within an Oracle database environment. Oracle Corporation markets the Oracle Database OLAP Option as an extra-cost option to supplement the "Enterprise Edition" of its database. (Oracle offers Essbase for customers without the Oracle Database or who require multiple data-sources to load

neg: Obion County, Tennessee the option of paying $75 per year if they want firefighting services from the city of South Fulton. Obion County, Tennessee Obion County is a county located in the northwest corner of the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2010 census, the population was 31,807. The county seat is Union City. The county was formed in 1823 and organized in 1824. It was named after the Obion River. Obion County is part of the Union City, TN–KY Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Martin–Union City, TN–KY Combined Statistical Area. In the year, 1811 there was a

neg: Argentina foreign trade relations with the European Union with the European Union (EU), within the framework of the free trade agreement with Mercosur. Technicians of the two blocs that gathered in March from 2014 in Brussels did not reach an agreement because of the lack of ambition of the Mercosur proposal, says the Brazilian newspaper Folha de S.Paulo. Brazil and Argentina were in disagreement and Brazilian representative would have mentioned the existence of a B plan, which would consist of different rhythm for opening markets in each country. However, Argentina would have blocked this option, fearful that their products could replaced by European ones in the Brazilian market,

neg: MundoMax 2012 with the network's programming moving to full-power station WGEN-TV, which is owned by Caracol Television (RCN's main rival in Colombia) through subsidiary Mapale LLC. 48 stations from MundoMax's initial 50-station affiliate body also committed to developing in-house news departments to provide locally-produced Spanish-language newscasts to the markets served by the stations, a small number of whom did not have a Spanish-language news option on local television at the time of the network's launch (KWHY and WGEN-TV have already operated their own news departments; the former shut down its news operation in August 2015, when RCN Televisión took over KWHY's

neg: Smith's Food and Drug Utah. It was replaced with a larger store across the street in 1922, and renamed "Smith & Son's Market" in 1932. When his son Dee Glen Smith joined the business after serving in World War II, he began immediately expanding it. The company's growth ramped up significantly from 1946 onward. It changed its name to Smith's Super Markets in 1952. When Dee Smith took over as president upon his father's death in 1958, he discovered Brigham City was saturated, and felt the only option was to expand to other markets. Through partnerships and acquisitions Dee Smith built the company, until

neg: RGC Resources of the gas company was changed from Roanoke Gas Light Company to Roanoke Gas Company. Natural gas via pipeline first came to Roanoke homes and businesses on August 26, 1950. In 1993, the city of Roanoke considered exercising an option under the franchise agreement with Roanoke Gas to assume ownership of the natural gas distribution lines through the city with the company only providing gas for the system. The company objected to this proposal and successfully organized public opposition which persuaded the city not to proceed. On July 1, 1998, Roanoke Gas and its subsidiaries were reorganized into the RGC

neg: WUTB combination of six Sinclair-owned CW and MyNetworkTV affiliates (two of which were standalone stations affiliated with the latter service) in three of four markets: Raleigh (WLFL and WRDC), Las Vegas (KVCW and KVMY), Cincinnati (WSTR-TV) and Norfolk (WTVZ). The WUTB option would create a virtual triopoly with WBFF and CW affiliate WNUV, which Sinclair manages under a local marketing agreement with owner Cunningham Broadcasting. On November 29, 2012, Sinclair exercised its option to purchase WUTB through Deerfield Media for $2.7 million. In January 2013, Fox announced that it would not exercise its option to buy any of the Sinclair stations

neg: Health Care for America NOW! for a rally in support of health reform, and on March 9, 2010, when more than 5,000 people rallied on the street outside a health insurance industry conference at the Ritz-Carlton Hotel in Washington, D.C. HCAN led grassroots online activists, conducted news conferences and published reports on health insurance industry profits, executive compensation, concentration of market power, and mistreatment of consumers and health care providers. HCAN did not achieve one of its central goals, the creation of a so-called public option, a government-run health plan that would introduce greater competition into local health insurance markets, nearly all of which are

neg: Kok Tobe tall TV Tower at the foot of the mountain. The tower can be seen from most parts of the city. Up until the 1960's, the Kok Tobe mountain was originally called Verigin. Before the Soviet Union, the hill was a favorite spot for the inhabitants of the city. During the Summer, the civilians organized "May Day" celebrations. At winter, it was a popular spot for skiing and sledding. Verny merchants called the mountain "Blue Hill", a name believed to originate back to medieval times. During the 1960s, the Ministry of Communications of the Republic issued the initiative of constructing a

neg: Stephen Duneier in New York City. He was later hired by Bank of America to expand their foreign exchange business into European crosses and Emerging Markets and eventually promoted to Global Head of Currency Option Trading. Soon after Bank of America merged with Nations Bank, Duneier moved to AIG International where he was eventually named managing director in charge of Emerging Markets trading and based out of London, England. In 2002, Duneier launched a proprietary trading portfolio known as "TIP" for AIG International. Shortly after the firm merged with Banque AIG, Duneier became a global macro portfolio manager at London Diversified Fund

neg: Mexican Mafia Mexican Mafia The Mexican Mafia (Spanish: "Mafia Mexicana"), also known as La Eme (Spanish for "the M"), is a highly organized Mexican American criminal organization in the United States. Despite its name, the Mexican Mafia did not originate in Mexico, and is entirely a U.S. criminal prison organization. Law enforcement officials report that the Mexican Mafia is the most powerful gang within the California prison system. Government officials state that there are currently 350–400 official members of the Mexican Mafia with around 990 associates who also carry out its illegal activities in the hopes of becoming full members. The Mexican

neg: Prefectures of Japan is believed to originate from Matsuura Takeshiro, an early Japanese explorer of the island. Since Hokkaido did not fit into the existing "dō" classifications, a new "dō" was created to cover it. The Meiji government originally classified Hokkaido as a , and later divided the island into three prefectures (Sapporo, Hakodate, and Nemuro). These were consolidated into a single in 1886, at prefectural level but organized more along the lines of a territory. In 1947, the department was dissolved, and Hokkaido became a full-fledged prefecture. The "-ken" suffix was never added to its name, so the "-dō" suffix came to

neg: Saltwater City: An Illustrated History of the Chinese in Vancouver Centre in Vancouver had organized an exhibit named "Saltwater City," and the book was based on the exhibit, held in 1986, the city's centennial anniversary, and written to accompany it. The documents and photographs featured in the book originate from the exhibition. The original edition of the book was published in 1988 and later went out of print. Around 2007 there was a new edition of the book that went into print some time prior to 2007. Sources include government documents, oral histories, data from the Canadian census, letters, photographs, English newspapers, Chinese newspapers, and archives of organizations. Many personal

neg: Indiana State University are the two largest counties that enrolled students originate from and 74% of enrolled students originate from the state of Indiana. Indiana State was the first public university in Indiana to require incoming freshmen to have a laptop. ISU awards laptop scholarships to incoming freshmen with high school GPAs of 3.0 or higher (on a 4.0 scale). Students have the option of choosing either a laptop or iPad. ISU offers more than 100 programs in the Colleges of Arts & Sciences, Business, Education, Technology, and Health and Human Services. The College of Graduate and Professional Studies offers programs that lead

neg: Lloyd Doggett In 2015, his continued interest in international affairs was reflected in his leadership supporting the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), the Iran nuclear deal. Together with Congressman David Price and Congresswoman Jan Schakowsky, Doggett organized a successful whip effort to ensure Congress did not obstruct nuclear negotiations with Iran. In March 2010, Doggett voted in favor of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. Prior to his vote, Doggett cited concerns with the bill not including enough affordability, insurance competition provisions, and consumer protection provisions. Originally an advocate of a public option, he conceded the option in the final

neg: Apple TV x v10.4 Tiger. In February 2008, Apple released a major and free upgrade to the Apple TV, labelled "Take Two"(2.0). This update did away with Front Row and introduced a new interface in which content was organized into six categories, all of which appeared in a large square box on the screen upon startup (movies, TV shows, music, YouTube, podcasts, and photos) and presented in the initial menu, along with a "Settings" option for configuration, including software updates. In October 2009, Apple released a minor upgrade for the Apple TV called "Apple TV Software 3.0". This update replaced the interface

neg: Front Row (software) added. This update did away with Front Row and introduced a new interface for the original Apple TV in which content was organized into six categories, all of which appeared in a large square box on the screen upon startup (movies, TV shows, music, YouTube, podcasts, and photos) and presented in the initial menu, along with a "Settings" option for configuration, including software updates. Front Row was discontinued with the July 2011 release of Mac OS X Lion (v 10.7). The software appeared in neither the early Developer Previews nor the final version. While it was initially possible to reinstall

neg: Richard Thompson (musician) since become famous. Froom and PolyGram had plans to target college and the growing "alternative" markets with "Daring Adventures". Sales improved, but not substantially. Polygram declined an option to renew the contract. Thompson's management negotiated a new deal with Capitol Records. In 1985 Fairport Convention reformed and recorded the album "Gladys' Leap". Thompson did not rejoin Fairport, but he did contribute a song to the project and played guitar on another track on the album. 1988 saw the release of Thompson's first album for Capitol, "Amnesia". Froom was retained as producer, and once again the album was recorded in Los

neg: Black–Scholes model "volatility domain" is obtained. Rather than quoting option prices in terms of dollars per unit (which are hard to compare across strikes, durations and coupon frequencies), option prices can thus be quoted in terms of implied volatility, which leads to trading of volatility in option markets. One of the attractive features of the Black–Scholes model is that the parameters in the model other than the volatility (the time to maturity, the strike, the risk-free interest rate, and the current underlying price) are unequivocally observable. All other things being equal, an option's theoretical value is a monotonic increasing function of implied

neg: National Football League on television will usually sell the preseason, local ESPN, and if the CBS affiliate in that market declines the option, the NFL Network games as one package. Only over-the-air stations in the market of the participating teams (with the Green Bay Packers having two such markets) may bid on this syndicated package. Starting in 2014, CBS affiliates in the primary markets in question have the primary option to NFL Network-only games; if the local affiliate declines the option (as was in Cincinnati), the NFL will implement the same syndicated package rule. In 2016 and 2017, with the "TNF" package split between CBS

neg: WTVZ-TV This includes an option, exercisable between July 1, 2012 and March 31, 2013, for Fox parent News Corporation to buy a combination of six Sinclair-owned stations (two CW/MyNetworkTV duopolies and two standalone MyNetworkTV affiliates) in three out of four markets; WTVZ is included in the Fox purchase option, along with stations in Cincinnati (WSTR-TV), Raleigh (WLFL and WRDC) and Las Vegas (KVCW and KVMY). In January 2013, Fox has announced that it will not exercise its option to buy any of the Sinclair stations in those four markets mentioned. On May 8, 2017, Sinclair Broadcast Group entered into an agreement

neg: KHSV five-year affiliation agreement extension for the station group's 19 Fox-affiliated stations until 2017. This included an option, that was exercisable between July 1, 2012 and March 31, 2013, for Fox parent News Corporation to buy a combination of six Sinclair-owned stations (two CW/MyNetworkTV duopolies and two standalone MyNetworkTV affiliates) in three out of four markets; KVMY and KVCW were included in the Fox purchase option, along with stations in Cincinnati (WSTR-TV), Raleigh (WLFL/WRDC) and Norfolk (WTVZ). In January 2013, Fox announced that it will not exercise its option to buy any of the Sinclair stations in the four markets included

neg: WSTR-TV Sinclair's then-19 Fox-affiliated stations until 2017. This included an option, exercisable between July 1, 2012 and March 31, 2013, for Fox's then-parent News Corporation to buy a combination of six Sinclair-owned stations (two CW/MyNetworkTV duopolies and two standalone MyNetworkTV affiliates) in three out of four markets; WSTR-TV was included in the Fox purchase option, along with stations in Raleigh (WLFL and WRDC), Norfolk (WTVZ) and Las Vegas (KVCW and KVMY). In January 2013, Fox announced that it would not exercise its option to buy any of the Sinclair stations in those four markets. On July 19, 2012, Sinclair announced that

neg: Evgeny Chubarov of Stalinist repression—did not originate with the artist. It was created by the park administration, which accepted these sculptures as a gift in the mid-1990s. In 1986, Chubarov was admitted to the Union of Artists. The Soviet part of Chubarov’s biography is not so rich in external events, and there is no evidence that the artist tried to become part of the underground. His name did not appear on the list of those artists who tried to exhibit independently. At the invitation of art dealer Gary Tatintsian, he traveled to Berlin and New York City, where his style underwent its

neg: Derek Bickerton (1981), Bickerton poses three questions: 1) How did creole languages originate? 2) How do children acquire language? 3) How did the language faculty originate as a feature of the human species? In "Language and Species" (1990), he suggests that all three questions might be answered by postulating that the origin of language can be traced to the evolution of representation systems and symbolic thinking, together with a later development of formal syntax. Using primitive communication faculties, which then evolved in parallel, mental models became shared representations subject to cultural evolution. In "Lingua ex Machina" (2000), he and William Calvin revise

neg: Compound option Compound option A compound option or split-fee option is an option on an option. The exercise payoff of a compound option involves the value of another option. A compound option then has two expiration dates and two strike prices. Usually, compounded options are used for currency or fixed income markets where insecurity exists regarding the option’s risk protection. Another common business application that compound options are used for is to hedge bids for business projects that may or may not be accepted. Compound options provide their owners with the right to buy or sell another option. These options create positions

neg: Arbeitskreis Börse by students of the University of Mannheim but is receiving increasing support from students of other tertiary establishments in Mannheim. The Arbeitskreis Börse was founded in response to a perceived gap in the services provided by student societies at the University of Mannheim. Students interested in the stock exchange and financial markets, that sought to actively participate in capital markets did not have the opportunity to do so whilst engaging on campus as no such opportunity had yet been offered. Therefore, a small group of students independently organized an evening event within the university with the aim of creating a

neg: Death of Kelly Thomas copy from blogs and sold to some lawyer" and that, while the call did originate from the Slidebar, "that she [the manager] never used the phrase 'breaking into cars.'" Dubin further claims that "Everything in that lawsuit is 100 percent false" and the real reason Reeve was fired was because of a confrontation with a manager in front of customers. On June 12, 2012, Ron Thomas organized a small gathering outside of the Slidebar to protest the false police report. Thomas and Popoff talked during the event and Thomas later said that if the report was correct, "then I have

neg: Izuna 2: The Unemployed Ninja Returns option. Unfortunately, the one-hit kill option did not apply to the bosses, so debuggers still had to grind to gain enough levels to defeat the bosses. In total, six official testers found 104 system-type bugs and 259 text bugs. On the Japanese release date of "Izuna 2", Success organized a series of fashion events at various stores in Akihabara. Cosplayers could compete for prizes by dressing up as either Izuna or Shino. Additionally, actors and members of the design staff attended to field questions and sign autographs. The game was also made available at Comiket 73 between December 21 and

neg: Revolt of the Lash well led and organized—and their main armament was fully functional. His report showed that the sailor's complaints, especially about the lash, were well-justified and that a military option would be unlikely to succeed. By the afternoon on 23 November, the Brazilian Congress had begun work on a bill that would grant amnesty to all involved and end the use of corporal punishment in the navy. Pressed by his navy minister, Forseca did not yet give up on the military option. On the same afternoon, the rebels received an illicit telegram warning from the government-held destroyer that they were planning to

neg: Duopoly (broadcasting) Red Deer, which was available on cable and via rebroadcast transmitters in both Calgary and Edmonton, where Canwest respectively already owned CICT and CITV. This was not considered a true twinstick as CHCA was not based in the larger markets, and did not have permission to solicit local advertising in those markets. It did, however, have simultaneous substitution rights. CHUM Television operated the CITY/CKVR twinstick in Toronto-Barrie and the CKVU/CIVI twinstick in Vancouver-Victoria under the Citytv and A-Channel brands prior to its acquisition by CTVglobemedia in 2006. Following this acquisition, Rogers Media briefly held twinsticks in Vancouver (CKVU and CHNU)

neg: Compound option and PV() indicates present value. Similar logic leads to the following: Compound option A compound option or split-fee option is an option on an option. The exercise payoff of a compound option involves the value of another option. A compound option then has two expiration dates and two strike prices. Usually, compounded options are used for currency or fixed income markets where insecurity exists regarding the option’s risk protection. Another common business application that compound options are used for is to hedge bids for business projects that may or may not be accepted. Compound options provide their owners with the

neg: Option naming convention Option naming convention In financial markets, an option naming convention is a method of identifying which of many possible options is being quoted or traded. US equity options, typically cleared by the Options Clearing Corporation, underwent an initiative between 2008 and 2010 to change the standard symbology. The proposed revision was meant to address several deficiencies with the old standard convention described below. In particular: The new symbology does away with the letter codes for strike and expiration, and instead employ a 21-byte series key in the style of Root symbol (ticker symbol) + Expiration Year (yy) + Expiration Month

neg: WBFF that will run through 2017. This included an option (that was exercisable from July 1, 2012 to March 31, 2013) to allow Sinclair to purchase WUTB, resulting in the creation of a virtual triopoly with WBFF and WNUV; while giving Fox the option to buy any combination of six CW and MyNetworkTV affiliates (two of which were standalone stations affiliated with the latter service) owned by Sinclair in three of four markets: Raleigh (WLFL and WRDC), Las Vegas (KVCW and KVMY), Cincinnati (WSTR-TV) and Norfolk (WTVZ). Under the agreement and the WUTB purchase option, Sinclair would pay $52.7 million to

neg: Mummers Parade and shooting guns. Unable to suppress the custom, by the 1880s the city government began to pursue a policy of co-option, requiring participants to join organized groups with designated leaders who had to apply for permits and were responsible for their groups actions. The earliest documented club, the Chain Gang, had formed in 1840 and Golden Crown first marched in 1876 with cross-town rivals Silver Crown forming soon after. By 1881, a local report said "Parties of paraders" made the street "almost like a masked Ball." By 1900, these groups formed part of an organized, city-sanctioned parade with cash prizes

neg: Mummers play class young men roamed the streets on New Year's Day, organizing "riotous" processions, firing weapons into the air, and demanding free drinks in taverns, and generally challenging middle and upper-class notions of order and decorum. Unable to suppress the custom, by the 1880s the city government began to pursue a policy of co-option, requiring participants to join organized groups with designated leaders who had to apply for permits and were responsible for their groups actions. By 1900, these groups formed part of an organized, city-sanctioned parade with cash prizes for the best performances. About 15,000 mummers now perform in the

neg: Covered hopper to transport these heavy loads. As technology has advanced, some of the heavier loads formerly assigned to two-bay hoppers have been assigned to larger, more efficient three-bay hoppers. Large unit trains of various grain crops are a common sight in North America, reaching up to 125 cars long. These predominantly haul grain from the large farming areas of the Great Plains to various markets, but a number of unit trains originate from other major farming areas, such as Illinois and Indiana. These trains may originate from a single grain elevator, or may be marshaled in a yard from various locals

neg: Prostitution in Russia the late 1990s, the Moscow city government made many noticeable attempts to eliminate prostitution in Russia and there is serious jail time for prostitution to eliminate these markets, other than to eliminate some of the more obvious points along Tverskaya, Moscow's main avenue. Tochkas are controlled by organized criminal gangs that bribe local police departments in order to remain in business. Instead, the city police randomly checked the documents of women traveling alone after dark. For this reason, prostitutes often carried a hundred rubles with which to bribe the police. Russia is a major source of women trafficked globally for

neg: Option naming convention (mm) + Expiration Day (dd) + Call/Put Indicator (C or P) + Strike Price: For Example, an April 16th, 2015 $30.00 Call Option on Yahoo would be listed as "YHOO150416C00030000". All options that settle into the same underlier (e.g. 100 shares of the underlier) share the same symbol field. Prior to 2010, standard equity option naming convention in North America, as used by the Options Clearing Corporation, was as follows: An option code looks like this: SLW150515C19 This is a call option on SLW Stock option names are written in the following format: SYMBOL+MONTH+STRIKE Option naming convention In financial markets,

neg: Shimla Academy of Audit and Accounts for training of officers of the Indian Audits and Accounts Service (IA&AS). Local transport in Shimla is by bus or private vehicles. Buses ply frequently on the circular road surrounding the city centre. Like any other growing city, Shimla is also expanding with new habitats in the vicinity.Transport services in these areas are also expanding rapidly. Tourist taxis are also an option for out of town trips. Locals typically traverse the city on foot. Private vehicles are prohibited on the Mall, Ridge and nearby markets. Due to narrow roads and steep slopes, the auto rickshaws

neg: Katowice local administrations within the conurbation, which have only evolved due to mining, are a subject to overall decline after the liquidation of coal mines and factories. This is one of the reasons which led to the development of the service sector, including office spaces, shopping centres and tourism. Katowice did not originate as a medieval town. The city centre was beginning to form in the mid-19th century when it was part of the Kingdom of Prussia and had an ethnic German majority. The buildings of the time are decorated in an eclectic style (mostly Renaissance with elements of Baroque) and

neg: Carl Paladino does not particularly care for the issue. He has spoken negatively of the concept of gay pride, particularly the sexual demonstrations at gay pride parades, which he believes are unsuitable for children. In a speech to a group of Hasidic Jews organized by Yehuda Levin on 10 October 2010, Paladino said, "I just think my children and your children would be much better off and much more successful getting married and raising a family, and I don't want them brainwashed into thinking that homosexuality is an equally valid and successful option—it isn't." He later stated that he did not agree

neg: Race and ethnicity in Colombia had long possessed Africans as slaves and did not find them as alien as the Amerindians they encountered in the New World. Moreover, it was more difficult for the blacks to maintain their original culture because, unlike the indigenous people, they could not remain within their own communities and did not initially have the option of retreating into isolated areas. Moreover, the blacks came from different areas of Africa, often did not share the same language or culture, and were not grouped into organized social units on arrival in the New World. Despite slave revolts, no large community of escaped

neg: Prediction market track of, so there have been efforts to develop algorithms and rules to make the data more tractable. Prediction market Prediction markets (also known as predictive markets, information markets, decision markets, idea futures, event derivatives, or virtual markets) are exchange-traded markets created for the purpose of trading the outcome of events. The market prices can indicate what the crowd thinks the probability of the event is. A prediction market contract trades between 0 and 100%. It is a binary option that will expire at the price of 0 or 100%. Prediction markets can be thought of as belonging to the

neg: Tabor City, North Carolina as Atlantic Telephone Membership Cooperative in the outlying areas. According in AOL, as of July 2014, being situated between the three markets leads to 35 channels being available free via an over the air antenna. Internet services are available by the two cable companies, as well as Centurylink. Free internet is available at the local public library. Satellite internet is also an option in many of the more remote outlying areas of the Greater Tabor City Metropolitan area. A circa 1900 one-room school house was restored by the historical societies of Tabor City and Columbus County. This facility was purchased

neg: Commonwealth (U.S. insular area) Puerto Rico an autonomous government and removed it from the list of colonies. The territory was organized by the Foraker Act in 1900, which was amended by the Jones–Shafroth Act in 1917. The drafting of the Constitution of Puerto Rico by its residents was authorized by Congress in 1951, and the result approved in 1952. The government of Puerto Rico has held several referenda with the options of U.S. statehood, independence, and commonwealth; the commonwealth option won on multiple plebiscite's held in 1967, 1993, and 1998. In 2012, 54% of the voters did not wish to continue the present territorial

neg: Schotia Place and in the presence of the Governor of Queensland, Baron Lamington, Mayor Hugh Fiddes opened the new Rockhampton City Markets on 18 April 1899. That day the Governor observed that even Brisbane, then considered Rockhampton's key rival, did not possess a retail market. Rockhampton's City Markets as a commercial venture did not survive much beyond two decades. Encroachment by other users was gradual. The Naval Brigade Office was located there in 1903, most likely in one of the offices facing Bolsover Street. Three years later stall-holders complained of the building being used by visiting entertainers during carnival week. An office

neg: Bhaudaha, Kosi a large number of residents work in the industrial belt between Biratnagar and Rangeli. Handicrafts which originate in the area include traditional woven mats, which are available at local markets or in Biratnagar bazaar. The Judi khola cuts through the VDC from north to south, providing a source of irrigation, although the VDC also lies towards the tail end of the Sunsari-Morang canal network. Bhaudaha is home predominantly to the Batar community, although there is a sizeable Rajbanshi community in Sitpur to the north and a large Jhagar community in the south. As across Morang district, there are a number

neg: EPEX SPOT which operated the power spot markets in Belgium (through Belpex), the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. EPEX SPOT was founded in 2008 by the merger of the power spot markets of the energy exchanges Powernext and European Energy Exchange (EEX AG). Today, EPEX SPOT is held by EEX Group (51%) and Transmission System Operators. The transmission system operators are organized in the holding HGRT composed of Amprion, APG, RTE, Elia, Swissgrid and TenneT, which holds a share of 49% in EPEX SPOT. EPEX SPOT is one of the stakeholders in the Multi-Regional Coupling which currently connects markets representing 85% of

neg: Organizational structure change the size of the business by either adding or removing divisions. When divisional structure is utilized more specialization can occur within the groups. When divisional structure is organized by product, the customer has their own advantages especially when only a few services or products are offered which differ greatly. When using divisional structures that are organized by either markets or geographic areas they generally have similar function and are located in different regions or markets. This allows business decisions and activities coordinated locally. The disadvantages of the divisional structure is that it can support unhealthy rivalries among divisions. This

neg: Citrus production while citrus fruits for consumption as fresh fruit are mainly grown in California, Arizona, and Texas. Smaller markets for citrus growth in the United States originate in South Carolina, Georgia, Oklahoma, Tennessee, and the gulf coastal states, including Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi, and Georgia, as well as North Carolina. Independent cultivars are found in Kentucky, Virginia, and even Missouri, Southern Illinois, and far Southern Kansas. The farther north the range, the more seasonal the cultivation. Florida produces approximately 100 million boxes annually (each box is 90 lbs). China could be a major player in the orange juice and processed citrus markets,

neg: Watsco 2012, Watsco exercised their first option to acquire an additional 10% ownership interest in Carrier Enterprise I, which increased the company's ownership interest to 70%. On July 1, 2014, Watsco exercised their last remaining option to acquire an additional 10% ownership interest in Carrier Enterprise I, which increased the company's ownership interest to 80%. In April 2011, Watsco formed a second joint venture with Carrier, Carrier Enterprise II, to distribute Carrier products throughout the Northeast U.S. in largely new markets for the company. In July 2011, the company added Carrier's distribution operations in Mexico to the second joint venture. In

neg: Porsche 928 Absorbers. Customers could specify paint and interior colours the same way as on a normal 928. Two cars were made in the late 1980 model year for U.S. with this option. The package was officially available in 1981 and 1982 model years and was canceled in 1983 when the S model became available for these markets. Many cars have had S model features added by subsequent owners, making original "Competition Group" cars difficult to distinguish without checking option codes. In the 1982 model year, two special models were available for different markets. 202 "Weissach Edition" cars were sold in North

neg: A-segment markets including the United Kingdom. However, the Fiat Cinquecento, launched towards the end of 1991, was made for right-hand drive markets, and was hugely popular. In 1996, the Ford Ka was presented with its radical New Edge design. Its egg-shaped body did not leave much room in the rear seats, but many customers did not need them and preferred the Ka over more conservative designs. It was especially popular with British buyers. During the second half of the 1990s, South Korean brands Daewoo and Hyundai introduced their city car entries, both for the Asian and European markets. The Hyundai Atos,

neg: Agricultural marketing places where farmers can meet with traders to sell their products. These may be occasional (perhaps weekly) markets, such as haat bazaars in India and Nepal, or permanent. Terminal wholesale markets are located in major metropolitan areas, where produce is finally channelled to consumers through trade between wholesalers and retailers, caterers, etc. The characteristics of wholesale markets have changed considerably as retailing changes in response to urban growth, the increasing role of supermarkets and increased consumer spending capacity. These changes may require responses in the way in which traditional wholesale markets are organized and managed. Retail marketing systems in western

neg: Option (finance) conform to each other's clearing and settlement procedures. With few exceptions, there are no secondary markets for employee stock options. These must either be exercised by the original grantee or allowed to expire. The most common way to trade options is via standardized options contracts that are listed by various futures and options exchanges. These trades are described from the point of view of a speculator. If they are combined with other positions, they can also be used in hedging. An option contract in US markets usually represents 100 shares of the underlying security. A trader who expects a stock's

neg: Alaska gas pipeline a pipeline from Alaska North Slope through Alaska, the Yukon Territory, British Columbia and to Alberta for a total distance of approx. 1,700 miles. Gas was then to be delivered on through existing pipelines serving the major North American markets. The second option proposed was to transport natural gas from the North Slope to Valdez, AK for a distance of approx. 800 miles. Once in Valdez it would be converted to liquified natural gas in facilities built by others and then shipped to North American and International markets. An additional component to each option is a gas treatment plant (GTP)

neg: Market (economics) a playground, and yet another for contracts for the future delivery of a commodity. There can be black markets, where a good is exchanged illegally, for example markets for goods under a command economy despite pressure to repress them and virtual markets, such as eBay, in which buyers and sellers do not physically interact during negotiation. A market can be organized as an auction, as a private electronic market, as a commodity wholesale market, as a shopping center, as a complex institution such as a stock market and as an informal discussion between two individuals. Markets vary in form, scale