query: who would take on the role of the director during the renaissance and through the 19th century

pos: Theatre director at this time, and performances of vernacular drama mostly took place in the open air), casting and directing the actors (which included fining them for those that infringed rules), and addressing the audience at the beginning of each performance and after each intermission. From Renaissance times up until the 19th century, the role of director was often carried by the "actor-manager". This would usually be a senior actor in a troupe who took the responsibility for choosing the repertoire of work, staging it and managing the company. This was the case for instance with Commedia dell'Arte companies and English actor-managers

neg: Renaissance and finally Rome during the Renaissance Papacy. The Renaissance has a long and complex historiography, and, in line with general scepticism of discrete periodizations, there has been much debate among historians reacting to the 19th-century glorification of the "Renaissance" and individual culture heroes as "Renaissance men", questioning the usefulness of "Renaissance" as a term and as a historical delineation. The art historian Erwin Panofsky observed of this resistance to the concept of "Renaissance": It is perhaps no accident that the factuality of the Italian Renaissance has been most vigorously questioned by those who are not obliged to take a professional

neg: Sunghursh Kumar, who had previously acted in theatre and other smaller film productions, was noticed through his performance of negative role through "Sungharsh" and he then shot to fame. He was commended for his role while a newcomer as compared with established actors like Dilip Kumar and Balraj Sahni. The film was popularly mistaken to be his debut. As "Sungharsh" was set in Varanasi during the 19th century, Rawail took special care about the costumes and sets to create the look for the period. The actor-director Rajesh Roshan had worked as an assistant director on the film. The music for all

neg: Clan MacInnes as Brion mac Iain, or Cenel n'Iain). If this was the case the clan would have had to take at face value a name based on ’invented tradition’ at that time unless someone knew the oral genealogy all the way back to the 7th century. The clan would certainly adopted this link in mid 19th-century, but for an entirely different reason. It was at this time during a renaissance in all things 'Gaelic' that several arrived at this supposed traditional, mythical account of the origins of many of the clans, (including MacInnes and Macdonald), to show that they linked back

neg: Edward Grubb (Quaker) Edward Grubb (Quaker) Edward Grubb (19 October 1854 – 23 January 1939) was an influential English Quaker who made significant contributions to revitalizing pacifism and a concern for social issues in the Religious Society of Friends in the late 19th century as a leader of the movement known as the "Quaker Renaissance". He also wrote a number of hymns including "Our God, to Whom we turn". He would later play a major role in the No-Conscription Fellowship, an organization that united and supported conscientious objectors in Britain during World War One. Grubb was born in Sudbury, Suffolk, educated at Bootham

neg: Library history at its inception through the first century BCE Alexandria was a well known center for learning, the quantity and quality of the libraries speak to this renown (Murray, 2009, p. 17). It wasn't until the Middle Ages that libraries became a part of culture. During the Renaissance era, more people became educated and relied on libraries as a place to study and gain knowledge. During the Renaissance most of the text held in libraries were religious text. Libraries helped enrich the culture of those who were educated by providing this valuable resource otherwise unavailable. In the early 19th and 20th

neg: Goin' Band from Raiderland has since resigned his position and has accepted the position of Director of Bands at Arkansas Tech University. Hill subsequently took on the role of Goin' Band director and currently directs the band with assistance from Dr. Eric Allen. On March 19th, 2018, Duane Hill resigned as associate Directors of Bands. On April 26th, 2018, the School of Music announced that Dr. Eric Allen, Joel Pagan, and Dr. Ryan Smith would be filling the role as interim Goin' Band directors in Fall 2018. In keeping with the campus' Spanish Renaissance architecture, the uniforms of the Goin' Band are styled after

neg: Old Town Hall (Bratislava) the second half of the 19th century the palace used to have another two wings around a trapezoid-shaped courtyard, used by the servants. Later, the Old Town Hall underwent many transformations and enhancements, namely a Renaissance style reconstruction in 1599 following earthquake damage, Baroque restyling to the tower after a fire in the 18th century, and the addition of a Neo-Renaissance/neogothic wing built in 1912. The building was used as a town hall from the 15th century through the late 19th century. At times during that period, however, it also served other purposes, including housing a prison and mint, and

neg: Metamorphoses Icarus" and Gian Lorenzo Bernini's sculpture "Apollo and Daphne". The "Metamorphoses" also permeated the theory of art during the Renaissance and the Baroque style, with its idea of transformation and the relation of the myths of Pygmalion and Narcissus to the role of the artist. Though Ovid was popular for many centuries, interest in his work began to wane after the Renaissance, and his influence on 19th-century writers was minimal. Towards the end of the 20th century his work began to be appreciated once more. Ted Hughes collected together and retold twenty-four passages from the "Metamorphoses" in his "Tales from

neg: Modern Greek art Many Greek artists of this period also drew upon El Greco's style for inspiration, particularly when creating art based on religious themes. This tied in with the idea of modern secular Greek art of the period referencing more classical styles, while religious art referenced Byzantine, or Byzantine inspired art. Moreover, an important and often pioneering role was played by artists from Ionian islands in the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century, who exploited conquests of the Italian Renaissance and baroque ateliers. As efforts persisted with new directions and objectives, Greek artists emerging in the world during the

neg: Peripatetic school them; it died out in the 3rd century. The study of Aristotle's works continued by scholars who were called Peripatetics through Late Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and the Renaissance. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the works of the Peripatetic school were lost to the Latin West, but in the East they were rediscovered and incorporated into early Islamic philosophy, which would play a fundamental role in the revival of Aristotelian philosophy in Europe through the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. The term "Peripatetic" is a transliteration of the ancient Greek word "περιπατητικός" ("peripatêtikos"), which means "of walking"

neg: The Reform Jewish cantorate during the 19th century but his city would be Paris; the major European capital perhaps best distinguished by the significant role influence plays behind the scenes when it comes to music-making. Naumbourg arrived in Paris in 1843 and began a friendship with Jacques Fromental Halévy, to whom he had been recommended. Naumbourg pursued the position of director of music at the synagogue in rue Notre-Dame-de-Nazareth, a community that had not had chazzan since the death of Israel Lovey in 1832 and the service was in disarray. Anything he proposed however, would have to pass through government's Department of Cults and Education. He submitted an

neg: Korean independence movement (a) the religious groups which grew out of the Korean Confucianist and Christian communities; (b) the former military and the irregular army groups; and (c) business and intellectual expatriates who formed the theoretical and political framework abroad. Koreans brought Catholicism to Korea towards the end of the 18th century and faced intense persecution. Methodist and Presbyterian missionaries followed in the 19th century starting off a renaissance with more liberal thoughts on issues of equality and woman's rights, which the strict Confucian tradition would not permit. The early Korean Christian missionaries both led the Korean independence from 1890 through 1907, and

neg: Helen Rose Hull "Islanders," was published in 1927 and is set in the Midwest during the mid-19th century to World War I. It tells the story of a single woman who has to take care of her parents, her siblings, and her siblings' children. Through the growth of this intelligent and inventive woman, Hull poses important questions about the role of a woman during this time period. Her fictional pieces were praised by noteworthy sources including the "New York Times", the "New York Herald Tribune", and the "Boston Transcript". Helen Rose Hull Helen Rose Hull (March 28, 1888 – July 15, 1971) was

neg: Hendrik Beyaert medieval fortifications of Brussels) he was influenced by the French architect and theoretician Viollet-le-Duc. This realisation played an important role in Beyaert's architectural development for it made him aware of the importance and beauty of the local architectural styles from the late middle-ages and the early renaissance. Beyaert's style largely shifted to the so-called "Flemish Renaissance Revival" which partly under his influence would become a very popular "National" style in the last quarter of the 19th century. Other works included the Antwerp Office of the National Bank of Belgium building (1874–79), built on a clever triangular plan, the Tournai Railway

neg: Ramakrishna's influence John Alexander. František Dvořák (1862–1927), a painter from Prague, inspired by the teachings of Ramakrishna made several paintings of Ramakrishna and Sarada Devi. Ramakrishna's influence Ramakrishna (1836–1886) is a famous nineteenth-century Indian Bengali Hindu mystic. Born as he was during a social upheaval in Bengal in particular and India in general, Ramakrishna and his movement—Ramakrishna Mission played a leading role in the modern revival of Hinduism in India, and on modern Indian history. Ramakrishna and his chief disciple Swami Vivekananda are regarded as two of the key figures in the Bengal Renaissance of 19th century. Ramakrishna played a leading role

neg: Ramakrishna's influence Ramakrishna's influence Ramakrishna (1836–1886) is a famous nineteenth-century Indian Bengali Hindu mystic. Born as he was during a social upheaval in Bengal in particular and India in general, Ramakrishna and his movement—Ramakrishna Mission played a leading role in the modern revival of Hinduism in India, and on modern Indian history. Ramakrishna and his chief disciple Swami Vivekananda are regarded as two of the key figures in the Bengal Renaissance of 19th century. Ramakrishna played a leading role in the modern revival of Hinduism in India and the movement—Ramakrishna Mission—he inspired has deeply influenced modern Indian history. Ramakrishna is also regarded

neg: English Renaissance Burckhardt in the 19th century. The idea of the Renaissance has come under increased criticism by many cultural historians, and some have contended that the "English Renaissance" has no real tie with the artistic achievements and aims of the Italian artists (Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Donatello) who are closely identified with Renaissance visual art. Whereas from the perspective of literary history, England had already experienced a flourishing of literature over 200 years before the time of Shakespeare, during the last decades of the fourteenth century. Geoffrey Chaucer's popularizing of English as a medium of literary composition rather than Latin occurred

neg: Prometheism by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. A key excerpt from Piłsudski's 1904 memorandum declared: The Promethean movement, according to Charaszkiewicz, took its genesis from a national renaissance that began in the late 19th century among many peoples of the Russian Empire. That renaissance stemmed from a social process that led in Russia to revolution. Nearly all the socialist parties created in the ethnically non-Russian communities assumed a national character and placed independence at the tops of their agendas: this was so in Poland, Ukraine, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Georgia and Azerbaijan. These socialist parties would take the lead in their

neg: Tamil Renaissance the Tamil language lose its individuality. Rapid propagation of Western ideas and formulation of the Dravidian civilization theory during the second half of the 19th century inculcated a sense of pride in educated Tamils, eventually leading to the birth of Tamil nationalism, which inspired the Dravidian movement. In its later stages, the renaissance also had a profound impact on Tamil cinema. Tamil Nadu history begins in the 3rd century BC. From then until 14th century AD, the Tamil country was ruled by the Chera, Chola, and Pandya kings, who patronized Tamil language. The Pandya kings, especially, held regular "sangams" at

neg: Palazzo Clary Palazzo Clary The Palazzo Clary ("Clary Palace ") is a Late Renaissance Venetian palace facing the Giudecca Canal alongside the fondamenta Zattere by the ponte longo in Venice's Dorsoduro. It was originally built in the 17th century for a Venetian noble family. In the early 19th century, the palazzo is known as "Palazzo Clary", named after it was bought by the prince Clary-Aldringen. Originally built in the late 17th century, during the vogue of the late Venetian Renaissance revival architecture, the palazzo underwent later remodelling in the 19th century but has kept its original style unchanged. The late Renaissance palace's

neg: Aristotle the rise of Christianity, natural theology) would remain central to biological thought essentially until the 18th and 19th centuries. Ernst Mayr states that there was "nothing of any real consequence in biology after Lucretius and Galen until the Renaissance." Greek Christian scribes played a crucial role in the preservation of Aristotle by copying all the extant Greek language manuscripts of the corpus. The first Greek Christians to comment extensively on Aristotle were Philoponus, Elias, and David in the sixth century, and Stephen of Alexandria in the early seventh century. John Philoponus stands out for having attempted a fundamental critique of

neg: Mission burrito miners of the 19th century. The first printed references to burritos came in the 1930s; in the 1950s and 1960s, versions of the burrito spread through the American Southwest and beyond. But while the Mexican-American burrito began as a wider regional phenomenon, most would agree that the Mission burrito emerged as a recognizable and distinct local culinary movement during the 1970s and 1980s. One writer asserts that the Mission burrito—a large, compact and quite cheap meal—played a special role for those who lived through the local economic recession of the 1980s and early 1990s. During the dot-com boom, the Mission

neg: Châteaubriant during the Middle Ages. The town appeared during the 11th century, around a castle and a priory. A fair, which still exists, was also founded in 1050. Châteaubriant played a certain role during the Mad War between France and Brittany and became a significant cultural centre in the 16th century, when the Renaissance château was built in the medieval fortress. The town is situated between Nantes and Rennes, and tends to be economically oriented towards the latter. The medieval fair and cattle market are still important for the local economy, but Châteaubriant also developed a metallurgical industry during the 19th

neg: Renaissance Revival architecture Renaissance Revival architecture Renaissance Revival architecture (sometimes referred to as "Neo-Renaissance") is a group of 19th century architectural revival styles which were neither Grecian (see Greek Revival) nor Gothic (see Gothic Revival) but which instead drew inspiration from a wide range of classicizing Italian modes. Under the broad designation "Renaissance architecture" nineteenth-century architects and critics went beyond the architectural style which began in Florence and central Italy in the early 15th century as an expression of Humanism; they also included styles we would identify as Mannerist or Baroque. Self-applied style designations were rife in the mid- and later nineteenth century:

neg: Pogradec four mosques, two elementary schools, six hundred houses and one hundred and fifty shops"". During the second half of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century, Pogradec area played an important role in the Albanian National Renaissance. In 14 March 1887 the second Albanian language school was started here. During WWI Pogradec became a battlefield divided between the enemy fronts. From 1914 until 1920 Austro-Hungarian, Serbian, Greek, Bulgarian and French armies, captured the city replacing each-other from time to time. During WWII the city was first invaded by the Italian army in 12 April 1939. Italian occupation of

neg: History of music in Paris century 17th century 18th century Songs of the French Revolution The Second Empire 1917–1939 Links to music (1940–1945) Links to music of postwar Paris (1945–2000) History of music in Paris The city of Paris has been an important center for European music since the Middle Ages. It was noted for its choral music in the 12th century, for its role in the development of ballet during the Renaissance, in the 19th century it became famous for its music halls and cabarets, and in the 20th century for the first performances of the Ballets Russes, its jazz clubs, and its part

neg: Wallace Collection European rulers, including Louis XIII and Louis XIV of France and Tsar Nicholas I of Russia. It is one of the finest collections of early firearms in the United Kingdom. This space was formerly part of Sir Richard Wallace's coach house and stable yard. "Displays: The Collector's Cabinet" The Sixteenth-Century Gallery houses works of art from the Medieval and Renaissance periods and a group of important Renaissance paintings. This part of the Wallace Collection was mainly assembled by Sir Richard who, like many 19th-century collectors, was fascinated by the art and history of Europe during the Middle Ages and Renaissance.

neg: Renaissance Revival architecture to have existed in so many forms, yet still common to so many countries. Renaissance Revival architecture Renaissance Revival architecture (sometimes referred to as "Neo-Renaissance") is a group of 19th century architectural revival styles which were neither Grecian (see Greek Revival) nor Gothic (see Gothic Revival) but which instead drew inspiration from a wide range of classicizing Italian modes. Under the broad designation "Renaissance architecture" nineteenth-century architects and critics went beyond the architectural style which began in Florence and central Italy in the early 15th century as an expression of Humanism; they also included styles we would identify as Mannerist

neg: History of Bengal the region of Bengal in undivided India during the period of British rule. The Bengal renaissance can be said to have started with Raja Ram Mohan Roy (1775–1833) and ended with Rabindranath Tagore (1861–1941), although there have been many stalwarts thereafter embodying particular aspects of the unique intellectual and creative output. 19th century Bengal was a unique blend of religious and social reformers, scholars, literary giants, journalists, patriotic orators and scientists, all merging to form the image of a renaissance, and marked the transition from the 'medieval' to the 'modern'. Bengal played a major role in the Indian independence movement,

neg: Mansion her. Most European mansions were also the hub of vast estates. The 19th century saw the continuation of the building of mansions in the United States and Europe. Built by self-made men, these were often smaller than those built by the old European aristocracy. These new builders of mansions did not confine themselves to just the then-fashionable Gothic tastes in architecture, but also experimented with 19th-century versions of older Renaissance and Tudoresque styles; The Breakers in Rhode Island is a fine example of American Renaissance revivalism. During the 19th century, like the major thoroughfares of all important cites, Fifth Avenue

neg: Irish Literary Revival Irish Literary Revival The Irish Literary Revival (also called the Irish Literary Renaissance, nicknamed the Celtic Twilight) was a flowering of Irish literary talent in the late 19th and early 20th century. The literary movement was associated with a revival of interest in Ireland's Gaelic heritage and the growth of Irish nationalism from the middle of the 19th century. The poetry of James Clarence Mangan and Samuel Ferguson and Standish James O'Grady's "History of Ireland: Heroic Period" were influential in shaping the minds of the following generations. Others who contributed to the build-up of national consciousness during the 19th century

neg: Accademia di Belle Arti di Napoli the academy moved to its present site, a large building on the Via Santa Maria di Costantinopoli designed in the neo-renaissance style by Enrico Alvino. It had been converted from an 18th-century convent attached to the church of San Giovanni Battista delle Monache and was part of a large-scale urban development project led by Alvino and Francesco Saponieri (later Director of the Accademia di Belle Arti). The academy's school of architecture, highly active in the 19th century, was transferred to the University of Naples in 1935. The academy closed during World War II, and from 1943 until the end of

neg: The Reform Jewish cantorate during the 19th century the Renaissance; they served as "shochtim", "mohelim", and as religious schoolteachers. Their primary duties were not musical, although they presided at marriages and burials and chanted the service. There were no ordained Rabbis in the United States until the 1840s when the first major wave of German Jews arrived. Of course they brought with them the reforms that had been initiated in Europe, along with the nascent musical forms. At first, the choir director and the organ had more of an influence on the services than the "chazzan". By mid-century, the situation resembled the one that prevailed in Europe. As

neg: Old Montreal during the early 1960s. As assistant director of the City of Montreal's newly formed planning department, he persuaded authorities to abandon plans for an expressway that would have cut through the old city. In 1964, most of Old Montreal was classified as a historic district; despite this, the Quebec government razed several 19th-century buildings to build a new courthouse. In addition to the return of a residential base, the area has become attractive to the hotel industry. While in the 19th century all major hotels were in Old Montreal, by 1980 there were none. In 2009, there were about 20

neg: Behnam Afas author. Behnam Afas Behnam Afas (born 17 July 1934) is an Iraqi-New Zealander author and researcher. His studies are mostly in the role of the Christian scholars and missionaries, their effect on the renaissance of Iraq during the 19th century and the early 20th century. His work is very well respected from all ethnic and religious groups of Iraq. Behnam Fadheel Hanna Afas was born in the city of Mosul (Ninevah) in the northern part of Mesopotamia-Iraq. He is the second of six children of a religious Syriac-Catholic family. His father Fadheel Afas was a merchant in Mosul (Ninevah). The

neg: Behnam Afas Behnam Afas Behnam Afas (born 17 July 1934) is an Iraqi-New Zealander author and researcher. His studies are mostly in the role of the Christian scholars and missionaries, their effect on the renaissance of Iraq during the 19th century and the early 20th century. His work is very well respected from all ethnic and religious groups of Iraq. Behnam Fadheel Hanna Afas was born in the city of Mosul (Ninevah) in the northern part of Mesopotamia-Iraq. He is the second of six children of a religious Syriac-Catholic family. His father Fadheel Afas was a merchant in Mosul (Ninevah). The family

neg: Auburn Masonic Temple (Auburn, Washington) display wealth, artist knowledge, and pride. It was during this time, that many designers rediscovered a theory of perfection in architectural design called the Golden Section. Five hundred years later the style reemerged as architects began to look for new architectural inspiration during the early part of the 19th century. In the Pacific Northwest, the Italian Renaissance Revival Style was late to take hold, and can be found mainly during the mid to late 1920s. It was utilized primarily for commercial and civic buildings such as libraries, social lodges, courthouses or banks. However examples can be found on large-scale single

neg: Peter Stephens (actor) and in which Stephens supported as a member of the Brotherhood, a fictional sect which fought vampirism in Central Europe in the 19th century. In the final year of his life, he secured a regular role as the chairman of the board of St. Swithin's Hospital in four episodes of "Doctor in Charge", the ITV comedy series based on Richard Gordon's books, and starring Robin Nedwell, George Layton, Geoffrey Davies and Richard O'Sullivan. His last ever film was "Go for a Take", an inward-looking treatment satirising the film industry, in which he took the part of a film director who

neg: Renaissance Revival architecture exemplified by the Palazzo del Te and Baroque by the Wurzburg Residenz. Thus Italian, French and Flemish Renaissance coupled with the amount of borrowing from these later periods can cause great difficulty and argument in correctly identifying various forms of 19th-century architecture. Differentiating some forms of French Neo-Renaissance buildings from those of the Gothic revival can at times be especially tricky, as both styles were simultaneously popular during the 19th century. John Ruskin's panegyrics to architectural wonders of Venice and Florence contributed to shifting "the attention of scholars and designers, with their awareness heightened by debate and restoration work" from

neg: History of mathematics From ancient times through the Middle Ages, periods of mathematical discovery were often followed by centuries of stagnation. Beginning in Renaissance Italy in the 15th century, new mathematical developments, interacting with new scientific discoveries, were made at an increasing pace that continues through the present day. This includes the groundbreaking work of both Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in the development of infinitesimal calculus during the course of the 17th century. At the end of the 19th century the International Congress of Mathematicians was founded and continues to spearhead advances in the field. The origins of mathematical thought lie

neg: Memphis School of Preaching present location in Germantown, changing the congregation's name to "Forest Hill". At the beginning of 2007, the eldership at Forest Hill announced that Cates would be stepping down from the position of Director to become the Director Emeritus. As of March 27, 2007, Bobby Liddell, who graduated from MSOP in 1979, would become the third Director. It was also announced that Cates would continue to teach at the school but would, in passing on his position, have more time to travel and write. During 2012, Bobby Liddell expressed his desire to take up a more active role in teaching and

neg: English festivals man in the role of the "fool." 'Plough Pudding' is a boiled suet pudding, containing meat and onions. It is from Norfolk and is eaten on Plough Monday. Plough Monday customs declined in the 19th century but were revived in some towns in the 20th. They are now mainly associated with Molly dancing and a good example can be seen each year at Maldon in Essex. Instead of pulling a decorated plough, during the 19th century, men or boys would dress in a layer of straw and were known as Straw Bears who begged door to door for money. The

neg: Gender novels such as John Dryden’s prose Absalom and Achitophel have depicted an 18th century perception of masculinity and the role of women, which can be thought of as one of the first important ‘gendered texts’ to exist. Despite the fact that the 19th century brought about romanticism in literature, it was still a period in time where women were oppressed, especially socially. Women weren’t as valued as men, which is shown through the literature that was written by Mary Virginia, who was an American novelist during the 19th century. She wrote of the suppression of and inferior public attitude towards women,

neg: History of music in Paris History of music in Paris The city of Paris has been an important center for European music since the Middle Ages. It was noted for its choral music in the 12th century, for its role in the development of ballet during the Renaissance, in the 19th century it became famous for its music halls and cabarets, and in the 20th century for the first performances of the Ballets Russes, its jazz clubs, and its part in the development of serial music. Paris has been home to many important composers, to name a few: Jean-Baptiste Lully, Jean-Philippe Rameau, Christoph Willibald Gluck,

neg: Harpers Ferry Historic District the Historic District comprises the upper town. In the late 19th century a number of Victorian and Federalist-style houses were built on the high ground and received guests who included Mark Twain, Alexander Graham Bell and Woodrow Wilson. "Stonewall" Jackson also made the town his base of command during part of the Civil War and Thomas Jefferson said of the ferry area that: "The passage of the Patowmac through the Blue Ridge is perhaps one of the most stupendous scenes in Nature." The historic district preserves what is essentially an intact 19th-century town that occupied a pivotal role in the

neg: English art song Art song composers in the mid- to late 19th century Other English Art song composers in the mid- to late 19th century The great success of European Romantic composers encouraged a "Renaissance" of English music, especially vocal music. Interest in British folk music was expanded through the work of Cecil Sharp, Ralph Vaughan Williams and others; it gradually becomes incorporated into British "classical" music. The highest point of the English musical "Renaissance" began around 1900, and many great art songs were composed in England before the First World War. A second great era for song composition occurred between the wars,

neg: Seguso period the Seguso family crest was imprinted on the osella coin of Venice by the Doge in 1792. However, it was not until the 19th century that they produced their best work and became one of the leading glassmakers on the island of Murano, as well as internationally. Antonio Seguso (b.1829) singularly revived forgotten, sophisticated techniques to play a crucial role in the glass renaissance of the mid-19th century, when Murano glassmaking was recovering from its most difficult period of crisis after the fall of the Venetian Republic. His son, Giovanni (b. 1853) was an eccentric and equally talented glassmaker,

neg: Nithya Menen she was "an idealist", but felt journalism was "not what it used to be". She then decided to become a filmmaker as she could express her ideas "better through films", and enrolled for a course in cinematography at the FTII Pune. During the educational entrance examination, she met B. V. Nandini Reddy, who "brainwashed" and convinced her to take up acting. Nandini Reddy would later turn director and sign Nithya for the lead female role in her first project. Menen appeared first on screen as a child artist when she was ten in the Indian English language film, "The Monkey

neg: Hvar (city) the Russian invasion on Hvar in 1807 the monastery and the church were damaged. In 1811 the French invaders turned the monastery into a fort. In the mid-19th century the complex was sold to the renowned natural scientist Grgur Bučić, who founded one of the first weather stations in Croatia in 1858. The Gothic-Renaissance Church of the Annunciation was first mentioned in the 14th century. It had an important role in the commoners' revolt in 1510, when it was used as a sort of headquarters of the insurgents. In the nearby street, insurgents swore to kill all the local noblemen

neg: Highclere Castle Earl following a design by Sir Charles Barry in 1839–1842, during his construction of the Houses of Parliament. It is in the Jacobethan style and faced in Bath stone, reflecting the Victorian revival of English architecture of the late 16th century and early 17th century, when Tudor architecture was being challenged by newly arrived Renaissance architecture influences. During the 19th century there was a huge Renaissance Revival movement, of which Sir Charles Barry was a great exponent—Barry described the style of Highclere as Anglo-Italian. Barry had been inspired to become an architect by the Renaissance architecture of Italy and was

neg: Fenzi Fenzi The Fenzi Bank and family were key players in both the economic growth of the Italian industrial revolution and the expansion of the north Italian Railways between Florence and Livorno in 18th and 19th century Italy. The old Florentine aristocratic family produced several generations of noteworthy citizens who enhanced and enabled many different aspects of both the Florentine political life and economic market during the 17th, 18th and 19th century. Although the origins of the Fenzi family can be traced back to the Italian Renaissance, it was not until the mid 17th century that the fortune of the family

neg: Renaissance Revival architecture style in Kingdom of Hungary in the 1870s and 1880s. In the fast-growing capital, Budapest many monumental public buildings were built in Neo-Renaissance style like Saint Stephen's Basilica and the Hungarian State Opera House. Andrássy Avenue is an outstanding ensemble of Neo-Renaissance townhouses from the last decades of the 19th century. The most famous Hungarian architect of the age, Miklós Ybl preferred Neo-Renaissance in his works. In Russia, the style was pioneered by Auguste de Montferrand in the (1835), the first in Saint Petersburg to take "a story-by-story approach to façade ornamentation, in contrast to the classical method, where the

neg: Renaissance the negative social factors popularly associated with the medieval period – poverty, warfare, religious and political persecution, for example – seem to have worsened in this era, which saw the rise of Machiavellian politics, the Wars of Religion, the corrupt Borgia Popes, and the intensified witch-hunts of the 16th century. Many people who lived during the Renaissance did not view it as the "golden age" imagined by certain 19th-century authors, but were concerned by these social maladies. Significantly, though, the artists, writers, and patrons involved in the cultural movements in question believed they were living in a new era that

neg: Długa street in Bydgoszcz merchant, member of Bromberg city council, who lived at "Danziger Straße 13" (today's Gdańska street 17). 1767-1774 (N°54) 1877-1878 (N°55) Last quarter of the 19th century (N°56) Second half of the 19th century (N°58) Neoclassical architecture The house at N°56 had its second floor, with a new loft, rebuilt by architect Anton Hoffmann. At the beginning of the 21st century, these houses have been rebuilt. According to Joseph Święcicki, in 1907, a restaurant, "Twardowski", stood there. Kuyavian-Pomeranian Heritage list N°601284, Reg.A/343/1-2 (February 24, 2005) 1850s Neo-Renaissance The building has a second entry through Pod Blankami street 57. The cellar located

neg: Architecture of Finland redbrick Erottaja fire station, Helsinki (1891) is seen as a mixture of neo-Gothic and neo-Renaissance styles modelled on Giotto's Campanile in Florence and the tower of the medieval Palazzo Vecchio also in Florence. However, the question of "stylistic revival" in Finland has another important cultural-political aspect, the presence of the Russian Empire through the building of Russian Orthodox churches in the second half of the 19th century - though what is regarded as the initiation of the deliberate politico-cultural policy of the Russification of Finland didn't take place until the reign of Czar Nicholas II, from 1899 onward. Initially, just

neg: Elizabethan literature and Ben Jonson. There have been few attempts to change this long established list because the cultural importance of these five is so great that even re-evaluations on grounds of literary merit has not dared to dislodge them from the curriculum. Edmund Spenser had a significant influences on 17th-century poetry. Spenser was the primary English influence on John Milton. In the 18th century interest in Elizabethan poetry was rekindled through the scholarship of Thomas Warton and others. The Lake Poets and other Romantics, at the beginning of the 19th century, were well-read in Renaissance poetry. However, the canon of Renaissance

neg: Roman mythology In particular, the versions of Greek myths in Ovid's "Metamorphoses", written during the reign of Augustus, came to be regarded as canonical. Because ritual played the central role in Roman religion that myth did for the Greeks, it is sometimes doubted that the Romans had much of a native mythology. This perception is a product of Romanticism and the classical scholarship of the 19th century, which valued Greek civilization as more "authentically creative." From the Renaissance to the 18th century, however, Roman myths were an inspiration particularly for European painting. The Roman tradition is rich in historical myths, or legends,

neg: Tivissa d'Avall and Portal de la Raval, as well as of the castle. Tivissa's main church has a 19th-century Renaissance-style appearance, but the interior is in Gothic style. The church was built on the site of an earlier Romanesque building in the 13th-14th centuries, and various additions and alterations were made in the 16th to 18th centuries. The octagonal bell-tower was built in 1550. During the 19th century the rector Pere Rius started to plan a larger building, and received the support of the local council and of the president of the First Spanish Republic, Estanislau Figueres, who had connections with

neg: History of science classical approaches of the Enlightenment. Major breakthroughs came in biology, especially in Darwin's theory of evolution, as well as physics (electromagnetism), mathematics (non-Euclidean geometry, group theory) and chemistry (organic chemistry). The decline of Romanticism occurred because a new movement, Positivism, began to take hold of the ideals of the intellectuals after 1840 and lasted until about 1880. The scientific revolution established science as a source for the growth of knowledge. During the 19th century, the practice of science became professionalized and institutionalized in ways that continued through the 20th century. As the role of scientific knowledge grew in society, it

neg: France–Japan relations (19th century) and had a decisive role in the Naval Battle of Hakodate Bay in May 1869, which marked the end of the Boshin War, and the complete establishment of the Meiji Restoration. In 1867, the southern principality of Satsuma, a now-declared enemy of the Bakufu, also invited French technicians, such as the mining engineer François Coignet. Coignet would later become the Director of the Osaka Mining Office. Despite its support of the losing side of the conflict during the Boshin War, France continued to play a key role in introducing modern technologies in Japan even after the 1868 Meiji Restoration, encompassing

neg: Llanfrechfa Grange Hospital towards the decommissioning of the on-site accommodation in order to provide more appropriate accommodation in the community. The site is a candidate for a new centralised critical injury hospital for the district that would take the role from the Royal Gwent Hospital in Newport. Construction commenced in July 2017. Llanfrechfa Grange Hospital Llanfrechfa Grange Hospital is a hospital operated by the Aneurin Bevan Local Health Board, located to the east of Cwmbran in the neighbourhood of Llanfrechfa. It has fulfilled a number of roles through its history. Llanfrechfa Grange was built in the middle of the 19th century by Charles

neg: Gozo Farmhouse of Carthage in 400 BC, has never been abandoned through Roman occupation (between 218 B.C. and A.D. 455 ) and found its way until the 9th century with the Aghlabid Muslims of Tunisia who will remain in Malta archipelago during three centuries. At this state, the architecture was still humble. It is the European wars that begun in the 15th century that will change the shape of the buildings according to their taste, imprinted with the Renaissance and Baroque styles. This is under those influences the primitive "razzett" - or farmhouse - began to take the shape we know nowadays

neg: Długa street in Bydgoszcz 31" during Prussian period, was the property of Wilhelm Schulße Jr., who had been running a hat workshop from the end of the 1860s till World War I (then managed by his son Julius). 1776 Neo-Renaissance, elements of Eclecticism During the second half of the 19th century, the landlord was Albert Ménard, a merchant and member of Bromberg city council. Main elevation is Neo-classic style, the gable is ornamented with many sculptural details, such as a mascaron. First half of the 19th century Neoclassical architecture In the 1880s, this building was the property of the Weisbein family, traders in cereals,

neg: Swedes of innovations and the large population growth. These innovations included government-sponsored programs of enclosure, aggressive exploitation of agricultural lands, and the introduction of new crops such as the potato. Because the Swedish peasantry had never been enserfed as elsewhere in Europe, the Swedish farming culture began to take on a critical role in the Swedish political process, which has continued through modern times with modern Agrarian party (now called the Centre Party). Between 1870 and 1914, Sweden began developing the industrialized economy that exists today. Strong grassroots movements sprung up in Sweden during the latter half of the 19th century

neg: Sweden and a rapid population growth. These innovations included government-sponsored programmes of enclosure, aggressive exploitation of agricultural lands, and the introduction of new crops such as the potato. Because the Swedish peasantry had never been enserfed as elsewhere in Europe, the Swedish farming culture began to take on a critical role in Swedish politics, which has continued through modern times with modern Agrarian party (now called the Centre Party). Between 1870 and 1914, Sweden began developing the industrialised economy that exists today. Strong grassroots movements sprung up in Sweden during the latter half of the 19th century (trade unions, temperance groups,

neg: String instrument strings. String instrument design refined during the Renaissance and into the Baroque period (1600–1750) of musical history. Violins and guitars became more consistent in design, and were roughly similar to what we use in the 2000s and into the present day. The violins of the Renaissance featured intricate woodwork and stringing, while more elaborate bass instruments such as the bandora were produced alongside quill-plucked citterns, and Spanish body guitars. In the 19th century, string instruments were made more widely available through mass production, with wood string instruments a key part of orchestras – cellos, violas, and upright basses, for example,

neg: La Fábula de Polifemo y Galatea most avid of Humanists during the Renaissance. Ovid seems to represent Galatea as entirely helpless and passive as she laments over the brutality of Polyphemus: Within the Polifemo, Galatea transgresses the established gender roles that were rigidly maintained particularly in 17th century Spain. Góngora places Galatea in a much different light by having her assume a more sexually assertive role. Her shamelessly unrestrained behavior is distinct. Midway through the poem, there is a reversal between the role of the lover (Galatea) and the beloved (Acis). This inversion of the courtly poetry popular in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance in

neg: Chastity belt Holy Lands on the Crusades, his Lady would wear a chastity belt to preserve her faithfulness to him. However, there is no credible evidence that chastity belts existed before the 15th century (over a century after the last Middle Eastern Crusade), and their main period of apparent use falls within the Renaissance rather than the Middle Ages. Research into the history of the chastity belt suggests that they were not used until the 16th century, and then only rather rarely; they first became widely available in the form of 19th-century anti-masturbation medical devices. Renaissance chastity belts were said to have

neg: Cottonport, Louisiana Cottonport, Louisiana Cottonport is a town in Avoyelles Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 2,006 at the 2010 census. Cottonport was founded in the early 19th century and incorporated in 1888 along the banks of Bayou Rouge (French for "Red Bayou"). In the 19th century, large boats made their way through Cottonport with goods destined for the port of New Orleans. The bayou was deep enough to support the large boats and formed a perfect horseshoe, which allowed vessels to turn around. The boats would deliver cargo into the area and would load crops on board to take to

neg: La Serena, Chile investments and urban redevelopment that would imprint a single seal on the country. It began to take hold in the role of services, to rescue and to develop its own architectural style known as Colonial Revival. The city is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of La Serena. The Cathedral, built from the same stone, dates from the 19th century. It must be said that although it lacks the same historical value as the older churches, this is a stone building in a country prone to seismic activity, and has survived various earthquakes. Indeed, during centuries of existence, there

neg: The Song of the Sibyl likely until the 16th or 17th century. Oral transmission of the song caused, as it did with the text, the birth of different variations and models. The interest this chant produced amongst early Musicologists and Folklorists of the 19th century led to the transcription of the different known versions of the song. The versions still played nowadays take these transcriptions as model. In the Renaissance, the Gregorian melody of the Song was set to polyphonic music by various composers, a common practice during that period. Two of these works, both for four voices, can be found in the Cancionero de

neg: Medieval aesthetics and the divine. The thought of St Augustine and Pseudo-Dionysius integrated Plato and Plotinus with early Church Doctrine, while St Thomas Aquinas incorporated Aristotelian philosophy into his discussion of beauty in nature. The theological concern of these writers has meant that their aesthetic theories received relative neglect until the 19th Century, and their influence has been extensive, especially during the Renaissance and later in the works of Spanish director Luis Buñuel. Aesthetics as a philosophical branch did not exist during the Middle Ages. This means that medieval aesthetics as a topic comprised various extractions from key thinkers made by important

neg: Inconceivable (2017 film) and Angela, Brian, Maddie, Cora and baby Gabriel are a happy family. The project was unveiled during the 2014 Sundance Film Festival by Lindsay Lohan who said she would both produce and star in it. Producer and financier Randall Emmett said during a press conference announcing the project that audiences would be "really shocked when they see Lindsay take this role on". Lohan, who was also looking for a director, expressed interest in working with Jessica Lange and Juliette Lewis. In May 2015, "Deadline" reported that the film would mark Jonathan Baker's directorial debut. Baker also signed a deal to

neg: Ferdinand de Villeneuve Ferdinand de Villeneuve Ferdinand de Villeneuve (5 June 1801 – 27 September 1858) was a 19th-century French playwright. He made his debut at theatre age 21 by partnering with Charles Dupeuty and obtained success from 1823. In 1825, he founded the newspaper "La Nouveauté" with Dupeuty, Amable de Saint-Hilaire and Musnier Desclozeaux, a publication which became a daily. Co-director of the Théâtre de la Porte-Saint-Martin with Anténor Joly from December 1835, he then directed, still with Joly, the Théâtre de la Renaissance in 1838 with its own funds. His plays were presented on several Parisian stages of the 19th century,

neg: Behnam Afas studies about the role of Iraqi Christians in the renaissance of Iraq during the 19th Century. Afas taught Arabic language, literature and educating methods in several institutions and schools in Iraq such as; Teachers Training Institute, Baghdad College, Babel College of Theology, Al-Nidhameia high school and Al-Mustansiriya University. In spite of Afas's passion to New Zealand, he chose to reside in the suburbs of Melbourne, Australia. Close to his older son Joshua and youngest daughter Rawa. On 18 June 2015, he was awarded Al Onka al Thahabia al Dawalia. حصل على جائزة " العنيقاء الذهبية الدولية " في حزيران 2015

neg: Oriental carpets in Renaissance painting Oriental carpets in Renaissance painting Carpets of Middle-Eastern origin, either from Anatolia, Persia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, the Levant, the Mamluk state of Egypt or Northern Africa, were used as decorative features in Western European paintings from the 14th century onwards. More depictions of Oriental carpets in Renaissance painting survive than actual carpets produced before the 17th century, though the number of these known has increased in recent decades. Therefore, comparative art-historical research has from its onset in the late 19th century relied on carpets represented in datable European paintings. Activities of scientists and collectors beginning in the late 19th century have

neg: Sweden during the late 19th century introduction of compulsory gymnastics in Swedish schools in 1880 rested partly on a long tradition, from Renaissance humanism to the Enlightenment, of the importance of physical as well as intellectual training. More immediately, the promotion of gymnastics as a scientifically sound form of physical discipline coincided with the introduction of conscription, which gave the state a strong interest in educating children physically as well as mentally for the role of citizen soldiers. Skiing is a major recreation in Sweden and its ideological, functional, ecological, and social impact has been great on Swedish nationalism and consciousness. Swedes perceived skiing as virtuous,

neg: Royal Hamilton College of Music Royal Hamilton College of Music The Royal Hamilton College of Music was a Canadian music conservatory in Hamilton, Ontario that was actively providing higher education in music during the late 19th century and 20th century. The college was founded as the Hamilton Conservatory of Music in 1897 by C. L. M. Harris, who served as the school's first director through 1907. From 1904 until its closing in 1980 due to financial reasons the school was located at premises on James St South. In 1906 the school became affiliated with the University of Toronto through which the school awarded Bachelor of

neg: Royal Hamilton College of Music other guest events year-round. Royal Hamilton College of Music The Royal Hamilton College of Music was a Canadian music conservatory in Hamilton, Ontario that was actively providing higher education in music during the late 19th century and 20th century. The college was founded as the Hamilton Conservatory of Music in 1897 by C. L. M. Harris, who served as the school's first director through 1907. From 1904 until its closing in 1980 due to financial reasons the school was located at premises on James St South. In 1906 the school became affiliated with the University of Toronto through which the

neg: Rochas After having been Assistant at Dolce & Gabbana for their ready-to-wear line, he became Donatella Versace's right arm. He then relaunched the American brand of Halston. Rochas conferred the responsibility of its ready-to-wear collections upon him in 2009. His ambition to build "brick by brick" and season after season the foundations of a renewed House of Rochas, his insistence on making each new collection "unpredictable", confirm the renaissance of Rochas in fashion. In September 2013, it was confirmed that Zanini would be leaving Rochas after five years with the brand to take on the role of Creative Director at the

neg: St. Johnsbury Historic District the Passumpsic River, where its Main Street is now located. This area developed as a residential and civic hub, with some commercial development, in the first half of the 19th century. The arrival of railroad lines in the 19th century prompted major development in the "lower district", now Railroad Street, as a commercial center organized around the railroads. During the second half of the 19th century this development competed with Main Street for economic primacy, and elements of a commercial corridor began to take grow on Eastern Avenue, the main through road between Main and Railroad Streets. Railroad Street benefited

neg: Nobility of Italy parallel nobilities with different traditions and rules. 16th-, 17th- and 18th-century Italy (after the Renaissance) was home to myriad noble families that had risen to prominence via judicial appointment, election to the various regional senates or appointment to Catholic Church office. There were also families which had been part of Italian nobility for many decades or even centuries. Writing in the 19th century, Leopold von Ranke recorded: During this period, throughout Italy, various influential families came to positions of power through the election of a family member as Pope or were elevated into the ranks of nobility through ecclesiastic promotion.

neg: Denmark Renaissance style. During the 17th century, many impressive buildings were built in the Baroque style, both in the capital and the provinces. Neoclassicism from France was slowly adopted by native Danish architects who increasingly participated in defining architectural style. A productive period of Historicism ultimately merged into the 19th-century National Romantic style. The 20th century brought along new architectural styles; including expressionism, best exemplified by the designs of architect Peder Vilhelm Jensen-Klint, which relied heavily on Scandinavian brick Gothic traditions; and Nordic Classicism, which enjoyed brief popularity in the early decades of the century. It was in the 1960s that

neg: Balachka as a central Ukrainian dialect used by the Black Sea Cossacks who moved to the Kuban in 1792. Over the years the language began to acquire more Russian vocabulary, coinciding with the rising literacy rates in the late 19th century. The Kuban Cossack Chorus artistic director Viktor Zakharchenko points to the local folk songs dating to early and mid-19th century., where those that originated in the Kuban would have their own unique literary flavour and differ from those in standard Russian and Ukrainian. During the 1897 Russian census the dialect was classified as Little Russian language rather than Great Russian.

neg: Stile umbertino Stile umbertino The stile umbertino is the name commonly given to a 19th-century style of Renaissance Revival architecture in Italy. It is a style which is typical of the eclecticism of late 19th century architecture and decorative arts in Europe . It is characterized by its eclecticism, because of the mix of decorative elements from the past. It flourished during the reign of king Umberto I of Italy, after whom it was named, and it was most popular in Rome. The stile Umbertino takes its name from king Umberto I of Savoy, who reigned the kingdom of Italy from 1878

neg: Zduhać or upper arm. In Montenegrin Littoral, the caul played no role in the birth of zduhaći, who were rather born on certain Fridays at a set hour. There was also a belief in Herzegovina that male children who were conceived on the eves of great feast days would become zduhaći. A 19th-century ethnographic account from eastern Herzegovina describes a way through which a man who was not born as a zduhać could become one. Forty days after he ceased praying to God and washing his face, the man should go to some level ground, before he drew a circle on

neg: Classical music dominant musical temperament during the 19th century, different historical temperaments are often used for music from earlier periods. For instance, music of the English Renaissance is often performed in meantone temperament. As well, while professional orchestras and pop bands all around the world have tuned to an A fixed at 440 Hz since the late 19th century, there was historically a great variety in the tuning pitch, as attested to in historical pipe organs that still exist. Performers who have studied classical music extensively are said to be "classically trained". This training may come from private lessons from instrument or

neg: Aria attitude was to underlie Wagner's would-be deconstruction of aria in his concept of "Gesamtkunstwerk". Despite the ideals of Gluck, and the trend to organise libretti so that arias had a more organic part in the drama rather than merely interrupting its flow, in the operas of the early 19th century, (for example those of Gioachino Rossini and Gaetano Donizetti), bravura arias remained focal attractions, and they continued to play a major role in grand opera, and in Italian opera through the 19th century. A favoured form of aria in the first half of the 19th century in Italian opera was

neg: Inquisitorial system of modern legal institutions which occurred in the 19th century, for the most part jurisdictions did not only codify their private law and criminal law, but the rules of civil procedure were reviewed and codified as well. It was through this movement that the role of an inquisitorial system became enshrined in most European civilian legal systems. However, there exist significant differences of operating methods and procedures between 18th century courts and 19th-century courts. In particular, limits on the powers of investigators were typically added, as well as increased rights of the defense. It would be too much of a

neg: Arthur Boyd Houghton Arthur Boyd Houghton Arthur Boyd Houghton (13 March 1836 – 25 November 1875) was a British painter (oil and watercolours) and illustrator. Houghton was born in Kotagiri, Madras, India. His work was varied and was highly regarded during the mid-19th century. He traveled to America and Russia, creating illustrations for "The Graphic" and for numerous books, including "The Arabian Nights" and "Don Quixote". His work was strongly influenced by the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. He played a leading role in the renaissance of wood-engraved illustration during the golden decade of English book illustration (c. 1860–75), when a new school of artists overcame

neg: Masque associated with patriotic topics. There are isolated examples throughout the first half of the 19th century. With the renaissance of English musical composition during the late 19th and early 20th century (the so-called English Musical Renaissance), English composers turned to the masque as a way of connecting to a genuinely English musical-dramatic form in their attempts to build a historically-informed national musical style for England. Examples include those by Arthur Sullivan, George Macfarren, and even Edward Elgar, whose imperialistic "Crown of India" was the central feature at the London Coliseum in 1912. Masques also became common as scenes in operettas

neg: Arthur Boyd Houghton died in London. Arthur Boyd Houghton Arthur Boyd Houghton (13 March 1836 – 25 November 1875) was a British painter (oil and watercolours) and illustrator. Houghton was born in Kotagiri, Madras, India. His work was varied and was highly regarded during the mid-19th century. He traveled to America and Russia, creating illustrations for "The Graphic" and for numerous books, including "The Arabian Nights" and "Don Quixote". His work was strongly influenced by the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. He played a leading role in the renaissance of wood-engraved illustration during the golden decade of English book illustration (c. 1860–75), when a new school

neg: Architecture of Finland the impressive Imatra Rapids (the biggest in Finland), was intended mostly for wealthy tourists from the Russian Imperial capital of Saint Petersburg, while its architectural style was inspired by Finnish National Romanticism, whilst taking its inspiration partly from the medieval and neo-Renaissance French châteaux Usko Nyström had seen during his time in France. At the end of the 19th century Finland continued to enjoy greater independence under Russia as a grand duchy; however, this would change with the coming to power of Czar Nicholas II in 1894, who introduced a greater process of "Russification". The reaction to this among the

neg: X-chair woodwork was nearly always completely covered with silk or velvet, and the seat was made up of loose cushions resting on webbing between the side rails of the frames. The form was revived in the Neo-classical period and features in Thomas Sheraton's "Cabinet Directory". It continued through the 19th century as a folding portable chair for use during campaigns or other outdoor pursuits. Dantesca is a type of chair used during the Italian Renaissance. The arms end in scrolls and continue all the way up to the back support. It is made to look like it can fold, but in

neg: Obesity in both Greek and Roman art, probably in keeping with their ideals regarding moderation. This continued through much of Christian European history, with only those of low socioeconomic status being depicted as obese. During the Renaissance some of the upper class began flaunting their large size, as can be seen in portraits of Henry VIII of England and Alessandro dal Borro. Rubens (1577–1640) regularly depicted full-bodied women in his pictures, from which derives the term Rubenesque. These women, however, still maintained the "hourglass" shape with its relationship to fertility. During the 19th century, views on obesity changed in the Western

neg: Gooding House and Tavern the Gooding family for 175 years, this farmstead and tavern played an important role in the commercial development of Orange Township and Delaware County during the 19th century and early 20th century. The property demonstrates the broad pattern of Ohio's transportation-related commerce in the early 19th century, when inns and taverns were built to accommodate and sustain the traveler. The Gooding House provides an example of the architectural evolution of a property from Ohio's settlement period, through the more prosperous years of the mid-19th century, to the changes brought by the early 20th century. The building exhibits significant architectural features

neg: Women in music creativity to compose good music" due to the "biological predisposition" of women. Later, it was accepted that women would have a role in music education, and they became involved in this field "to such a degree that women dominated music education during the later half of the 19th century and well into the 20th century." As part of women's role in music education, women wrote hymns and children's music. The "secular music in print in America before 1825 shows only about 70 works by women." In the mid 19th century, notable women songwriters emerged, including Faustina Hasse Hodges, Susan Parkhurst,

neg: Château de Pau 1848 the emir Abd El-Kader, conquered by France Algeria. As might be that this castle should retain its character Henricians, placed there many objects "neo-Renaissance" and "neo-Gothic" and a collection of tapestries (16th - 19th century), to recall the halcyon days of good King. Louis-Philippe, in exile in England, could never stay at this place which was visited by Napoleon III. He is the Renaissance portal through which one enters and who bears the initials of the royal couple of Navarre, founder of the modern castle. Then the castle became a presidential residence in the Republic. It is currently a

neg: Division of the Afsharid Empire he would be able to remain "de facto" autonomous through the Zand period. Under the successive Qajar dynasty, Iran managed to restore Iranian suzerainty over the Georgian regions, until they would be irrevocably lost in the course of the 19th century, to neighbouring Imperial Russia. Meanwhile, Azad Khan Afghan (who was a member of Nader Shah's army and participated in the Indian campaign) managed to take control over the land between the Aras river, and the Urmia Lake by 1750. Azad Khan would later go on to capture Isfahan and occupy Shiraz, before losing all his territories by 1758 to