query: this winelands area is known as the birthplace of south africa 's wine industry

pos: South African wine as Walker Bay and Elgin, have seen vast expansion and development in recent years as producers experiment with cool climate varietals and wine styles. Below are some notable Wine of Origins districts. The Constantia Valley is located south of Cape Town on the Cape Peninsula that juts out into the Atlantic Ocean. Because of its location, the region receives oceanic influences on each side that create a cooling effect contributing to a long, slow ripening period in the summer where average daily temperatures fall between . Winters are often moderate and mild but wet with annual precipitation usually over .

neg:
Cape Winelands Biosphere Reserve 2.12” South; 18° 42’ 29.93” to 19° 29’ 5.99” East
 Area (hectares) : 322,030
 Core area(s) : 99,459
 Buffer zone(s) : 133,844
 Transition area(s) when given : 88,727
 Altitude (metres above sea level) : 20 m to 1 860 m. The administrative authority is Cape Winelands District Municipality, in association with: Cape Winelands Biosphere Reserve The Cape Winelands Biosphere Reserve is located in the Western Cape Province of South Africa approximately 40 km east of Cape Town. The Biosphere Reserve extends from the Kogelberg Biosphere Reserve in the south, northwards along the Cape Fold Belt Mountain Chain and the

neg: Western Cape wine River wards. Newly declared WO that is home to Bramon Estate, who is best known for a sparkling Sauvignon blanc. West of Cape Agulhas, this coastal district produces some high-quality wines from the Burgundy varieties. Hemel-en-Aarde Valley, Sunday's Glen and Upper Hemel-en-Aarde Valley were recently declared as wards. The Cape Winelands is a region of the Western Cape Province of South Africa. It is the largest wine producing region in South Africa and is divided into six main wine regions, each offering its own unique wine route. Constantia, Stellenbosch, Franschhoek, Paarl, Robertson and Wellington are the most popular. The geographic

neg: Cape Winelands District Municipality Cape Winelands District Municipality The Cape Winelands District Municipality, formerly the Boland District Municipality, is a district municipality located in the Boland region of the Western Cape province of South Africa. As of 2011, it had a population of 787,490. The largest towns in the municipality are Paarl, Worcester, Stellenbosch and Wellington. The boundaries of this municipality, which covers an area of , coincide roughly with the boundaries of the geographical area that has been known since the early days of the Cape Colony as "The Boland". In Afrikaans Boland means "up land" or "the higher land" or "the land

neg: KWV South Africa (Pty) LTD the Vasari group under leadership of Mr Vivian Imerman. Based in London, Vasari is a consumer focussed investment group that acquired the operational assets of KWV for ZAR 1.15 billion. The KWV Headquarters and main production complex are situated in the Cape Winelands in Paarl. KWV South Africa (Pty) LTD KWV South Africa (Proprietary) Limited is one of the leading wine and spirits producers in South Africa. Its brands include Roodeberg, KWV Wines & KWV Brandies, and Laborie. KWV was founded as a winemaking co-operative on 8 January 1918 by wine makers from the Western Cape in South Africa, with

neg: Western Cape 50% of all cheese in South Africa is produced in the Western Cape. The Western Cape is famous for wine production and some of the most beautiful vineyards in the world. The winelands are divided into six main regions: Boberg, Breede River Valley, Cape South Coast, Coastal Region, Klein Karoo and Olifants River. Each has unique climate, topography and fertile soils which produce wines of excellent quality. Western Cape The Western Cape (; ) is a province of South Africa, situated on the south-western coast of the country. It is the fourth largest of the nine provinces with an area

neg: Wellington, Western Cape Wellington, Western Cape Wellington is a town in the Western Cape Winelands, a 45-minute drive from Cape Town, in South Africa with a population of approximately 62,000. Wellington's economy is centered on agriculture such as wine, table grapes, deciduous fruit and a brandy industry. The town is located 75 km north-east of Cape Town, reached by the N1 motorway and R44. Due to the growth of the Mbekweni township south of the town, it now forms a de facto urban unit with Paarl, just 10 km to the south. Wellington now officially falls under the Drakenstein Local Municipality, which also

neg: Cape Winelands Shale Fynbos Cape Winelands Shale Fynbos Cape Winelands Shale Fynbos is a vegetation type that naturally occurs in the Cape Winelands (or "Boland") of the Western Cape, South Africa. This vegetation type is found on lower mountain slopes and high, rolling plains in the Western Cape Boland of South Africa. The loamy soils are naturally poor, moist and slightly acidic but the biodiversity is incredibly rich. The vegetation consists of a diverse array of Protea, Erica, geophyte and daisy species, as well as some endemic species. In the moister areas, the Ericas predominate over the other plant groups. This vegetation type is

neg: Cape Winelands Shale Fynbos there are differences. There is a forest of Silvertrees ("Leucadendron argenteum") growing in this spot of Peninsula Shale Fynbos, just above Rhodes Memorial. This rare and enormous Protea is typically restricted to the Peninsula Granite Fynbos of Cape Town. It is not known why - in addition - it grows in the shale fynbos here. Cape Winelands Shale Fynbos Cape Winelands Shale Fynbos is a vegetation type that naturally occurs in the Cape Winelands (or "Boland") of the Western Cape, South Africa. This vegetation type is found on lower mountain slopes and high, rolling plains in the Western Cape Boland

neg: Viognier the grape allows Viognier to pair well with spicy foods such as Thai cuisine. Viognier Viognier () is a white wine grape variety. It is the only permitted grape for the French wine Condrieu in the Rhône Valley. Outside of the Rhône, Viognier can be found in regions of North and South America as well as Australia, New Zealand, the Cape Winelands in South Africa and Israel. In some wine regions, the variety is co-fermented with the red wine grape Syrah where it can contribute to the color and bouquet of the wine. Like Chardonnay, Viognier has the potential to

neg: Viognier Viognier Viognier () is a white wine grape variety. It is the only permitted grape for the French wine Condrieu in the Rhône Valley. Outside of the Rhône, Viognier can be found in regions of North and South America as well as Australia, New Zealand, the Cape Winelands in South Africa and Israel. In some wine regions, the variety is co-fermented with the red wine grape Syrah where it can contribute to the color and bouquet of the wine. Like Chardonnay, Viognier has the potential to produce full-bodied wines with a lush, soft character. In contrast to Chardonnay, the Viognier

neg: Selena Cuffe produces the house wine for Broadway plays, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and War Paint. In 2016, Cuffe negotiated exclusive rights to import award-winning Brazilian wine producer Casa Valduga, home to the largest sparkling wine cellar in South America and famously listed as one of 1,000 Places to Visit Before You Die. In South Africa, in partnership with Burdell Properties, Selena Cuffe negotiated interest acquisition of Silkbush Mountain Vineyards, a 138-hectare (341 acre) property in , 90km east of Cape Town, South Africa, in the famous Western Cape Winelands. Its cultivars, planted on sloped hillsides, up to 700m above sea

neg: Western Cape wine Winelands and their cultural landscape were added to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List on June 24, 2004 in the Cultural category. Western Cape wine Western Cape is a Geographical Unit within the Wine of Origin classification system of South African wine. Corresponding to the province of Western Cape it includes most of the vineyards in South Africa. The wines of the Western Cape range from sturdy Rhone-style red wines to aromatic Sauvignon blancs in vineyards cooled by breezes off the Atlantic. On 2 February 1659 the founder of Cape Town, Jan van Riebeeck, produced the first wine recorded in

neg: Charles Back only Fairview, but the Paarl and South African winelands. He incorporated the goat tower into his labels and the tale of the origin of The Goats do Roam Wine Company. Back is also recognised for his commitment to social development within the previously disadvantaged communities affiliated to the South African wine industry. In 1997 he initiated the establishment of The Fairvalley Workers Association which seeks to provide land ownership to Fairview workers and their families. Back purchased a piece of land adjacent to his Fairview property, using his personal funds, as well as a grant from the South African government.

neg: Cape Town to the rest of South Africa; it serves as the gateway to other destinations within the province. The Cape Winelands and in particular the towns of Stellenbosch, Paarl and Franschhoek are popular day trips from the city for sightseeing and wine tasting. Whale watching is popular amongst tourists: southern right whales and humpback whales are seen off the coast during the breeding season (August to November) and Bryde's whales and killer whale can be seen any time of the year. The nearby town of Hermanus is known for its Whale Festival, but whales can also be seen in False Bay.

neg: Goat tower Africa in 1981, Fairview Wine and Cheese farm and is a landmark in the Paarl winelands of South Africa. It is the second of five documented structures of this kind. The Goat Tower has become the farm's most identifiable symbol and aspect of their brand. Fairview has more than 750 Saanen goats on their farm, the milk from which is used to produce a range of cheeses under the farm's label. A select group of these goats have the privilege of living in the tower. Illinois farmer David Johnson built his goat tower in Shelby County, near Findlay, after seeing

neg: Paarl Afrikaans Language Route through Dal Josaphat are memorials to this achievement. The former headquarters of the wine industry in South Africa is also situated here.: This was the famous "Co-operative Wine Growers' Association" (better known by its Afrikaans initials KWV). KWV became a South African institution that has acquired an international reputation based on its unique achievements and its imprint of quality on the local wine industry. Over the past decade, however, KWV has been privatized and no longer has an administrative role in the South African wine industry. (KWV's main wine production and maturation facilities are on its Paarl

neg: Klapmuts Klapmuts Klapmuts is the name of both a hill, and a town which formed at its foot. They are located in Cape Winelands District Municipality in the Western Cape province of South Africa. Klapmuts is a little town just off the R45 road between Kraaifontein and Paarl, It is well known for its surrounding wine farms. The Afrikaans Taal Museum in Klapmuts is a Georgian-style house built in the 1860s, with many exhibits from Afrikaans theatre, radio and television. Klapmutskop, the isolated hill which stands over the town, is a unique combination of Shale, Sandstone, Granite and Conglomerate. Its natural

neg: Tot System to them by the farmers, or from illegal shebeens in the area. In 2007, the South African Wine Industry banned the 'papsak' (an Afrikaans word meaning 'soft sack' referring to cheap wine sold in a foil-lined plastic bag), and NGOs such as Dopstop are striving to address alcoholism and other substance abuse problems that plague the poor rural communities of South Africa. Tot System The Tot System, also known as the Dop System (after the Afrikaans word 'dop' meaning an alcoholic drink), is a notorious truck system which was used in South African wine farms particularly in the Western Cape.

neg: Langeberg Local Municipality Langeberg Local Municipality Langeberg Municipality (before 28 August 2009, Breede River/Winelands Local Municipality) is a local municipality located within the Cape Winelands District Municipality in the Western Cape province of South Africa. As of 2011 it had a population of 97,724. Its municipality code is WC026. The municipality covers a land area of in the Breede River Valley and the west end of the Little Karoo. The Langeberg mountains run from northwest to southeast through the centre of the municipality, and the Breede River flows in the same direction south of the Langeberg. The Riviersonderend Mountains form the southern boundary

neg: Economy of the Western Cape tourism industry since 1994. The majority of international tourist visiting South Africa visit the province, with Cape Town, Garden Route and the Winelands being popular tourist destinations. In 2004, Cape Town was listed as one of the top five international tourist destinations. Fifty percent of international tourists to South Africa visit the Western Cape. The province's overall share of South Africa's tourism sector by gross expenditure is 24 percent. There were 1,535,903 international arrivals in 2004 with continued growth annually. Annually 8 million tourists visit the province. Domestic tourism is also on the rise, as low-cost air carriers such as

neg: Stellenbosch Local Municipality elected as the new mayor. Stellenbosch Local Municipality Stellenbosch Local Municipality (also known as Stellenbosch Municipality) is the local municipality that governs the towns of Stellenbosch, Franschhoek and Pniel, and the surrounding rural areas, in the Western Cape province of South Africa. It covers an area of and, , had a population of 155,733 people in 43,420 households. It falls within the Cape Winelands District Municipality. The municipality covers an area of around the towns of Stellenbosch and Franschhoek. To the west and southwest it extends as far as the urban edge of the Cape Town metropolitan area, while to

neg: Stellenbosch Local Municipality Stellenbosch Local Municipality Stellenbosch Local Municipality (also known as Stellenbosch Municipality) is the local municipality that governs the towns of Stellenbosch, Franschhoek and Pniel, and the surrounding rural areas, in the Western Cape province of South Africa. It covers an area of and, , had a population of 155,733 people in 43,420 households. It falls within the Cape Winelands District Municipality. The municipality covers an area of around the towns of Stellenbosch and Franschhoek. To the west and southwest it extends as far as the urban edge of the Cape Town metropolitan area, while to the east and southeast it

neg: Fairview Wine and Cheese permanent milking herd. The milk from these goats, along with the milk from an exclusive single Jersey cow herd are brought to the Vineyard Cheesery daily. There are over twenty permanent lines in the Fairview cheese range, including blue mould, white mould and cream cheese products. These products are available at major retailers throughout South Africa. Fairview Wine and Cheese estate is one of the most visited attractions in the Cape winelands. The farm offers tasting of its full range of wines and cheeses in their tasting room, seven days a week. There is also an eatery on the farm,

neg: Breede Valley Local Municipality election. The local council sends five representatives to the council of the Cape Winelands District Municipality: three from the Democratic Alliance and one each from the African National Congress and Breedevallei Onafhanklik. Breede Valley Local Municipality Breede Valley Municipality is a local municipality located within the Cape Winelands District Municipality, in the Western Cape province of South Africa. As of 2007, it had a population of 166,825. Its municipality code is WC025. The municipality covers a total area of . It includes a middle section of the Breede River Valley around the town of Worcester, and stretches up the Hex

neg: Cape Winelands Biosphere Reserve Cape Winelands Biosphere Reserve The Cape Winelands Biosphere Reserve is located in the Western Cape Province of South Africa approximately 40 km east of Cape Town. The Biosphere Reserve extends from the Kogelberg Biosphere Reserve in the south, northwards along the Cape Fold Belt Mountain Chain and the adjoining valleys constituting the Cape Winelands. The Biosphere Reserve incorporates key portions of the registered Cape Floral Region Protected Areas World Heritage Site. The Reserve was designated in 2007. The Biosphere Reserve is characterised by a mosaic of diverse ecosystems and physiographic environments, and a gradation of land-uses and human settlement patterns

neg: Stellenbosch the larger of the two main wine growing regions in South Africa. The South African wine industry produces about 1,000,000,000 litres of wine annually. Stellenbosch is the primary location for viticulture and viticulture research. Professor Perold was the first Professor of Viticulture at Stellenbosch University. The Stellenbosch Wine Route established in 1971 by Frans Malan from Simonsig, Spatz Sperling from Delheim and Neil Joubert from Spier, known as Stellenbosch American Express® Wine Routes since 2002, is a world-renowned and popular tourist destination. This route provides visitors the opportunity to experience a wide range of cultivars and includes farms such as

neg: Chenin blanc department. In South West France, it is permitted to be used in the white wines of the Côtes de Duras and the Garonne wines of Vins d'Estaing and Vins d'Entraygues et du Fel. In South Africa, Chenin blanc is the most widely planted variety, accounting for nearly one-fifth (18.6%) of all vineyard plantings in the early 21st century. In 2008, there were of the grape planted, nearly twice the amount of Chenin blanc planted in France. The majority of the plantings are found in the Western Cape wine region of Paarl in the Cape Winelands District Municipality with with the

neg: Boland, Western Cape of sports teams from the region, including the Boland cricket team and the Boland Cavaliers rugby union team. Boland, Western Cape The Boland (Afrikaans for "top country" or "land above") is a region of the Western Cape province of South Africa, situated to the northeast of Cape Town in the middle and upper courses of the Berg and Breede Rivers, around the Boland Mountains of the central Cape Fold Belt. It is sometimes also referred to as the Cape Winelands because it is the primary region for the making of Western Cape wine. Although the Boland does not have defined

neg: Boland, Western Cape Boland, Western Cape The Boland (Afrikaans for "top country" or "land above") is a region of the Western Cape province of South Africa, situated to the northeast of Cape Town in the middle and upper courses of the Berg and Breede Rivers, around the Boland Mountains of the central Cape Fold Belt. It is sometimes also referred to as the Cape Winelands because it is the primary region for the making of Western Cape wine. Although the Boland does not have defined boundaries, its core lies around the Boland Mountains and the towns of Stellenbosch, Paarl and Worcester. It may

neg: De Doorns De Doorns De Doorns is a town in Cape Winelands District Municipality in the Western Cape province of South Africa. It lies in the Hex River Valley, 32 km north-east of Worcester and 40 km south-west of Touwsrivier. It is in the centre of an export grape growing region, surrounded by over 200 table grape farms. The town takes its name from the farm "De Doorns boven aan de Hex Rivier" (‘the thorns on the upper Hex River’), known as early as 1725. The area was declared a sub-drosty of Tulbagh in 1819 and the farm became the seat of

neg: Drakenstein Local Municipality shows the results of the 2016 election. The local council sends eight representatives to the council of the Cape Winelands District Municipality: five from the Democratic Alliance, two from the African National Congress, and one from the Economic Freedom Fighters. Drakenstein Local Municipality Drakenstein Municipality is a local municipality located within the Cape Winelands District Municipality, in the Western Cape province of South Africa. it had a population of 251,262. Its municipality code is WC023. The municipality covers a total area of in the valley of the Berg River to the west of the Boland mountain ranges. It stretches about

neg: Garden Route District Municipality Garden Route District Municipality The Garden Route District Municipality (formerly known as the Eden District Municipality) is a district municipality located in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. Its municipality code is DC4. The Garden Route district covers an area of in the southeastern part of the Western Cape, covering the regions known as the Garden Route and the Little Karoo. It stretches to the Breede River mouth and the Langeberg mountains on the west, where it abuts the Overberg District Municipality and (for a short distance) the Cape Winelands District Municipality. To the north the boundary with the

neg: Coetsenburg Coetsenburg Coetsenburg is an historic wine estate and one of the oldest estates in South Africa, established in 1682, and located at the foot of the Stellenbosch Mountain, which forms part of the estate, in the town of Stellenbosch, 31 miles (50 km) east of Cape Town, in the Cape Winelands of the Western Cape Province. The estate has historically been owned by the Coetsee family and is currently not open to the public. The north-western portion of the original estate is now the Coetsenburg Sports Grounds which belongs to the University of Stellenbosch. Coetsenburg is owned by the Coetsee

neg: Breedekloof activity in the Breedekloof is agriculture. It is traditionally a wine producing area, but peaches, prunes, pears and other crops are also grown. Tourism has also become an important industry in the area with new wedding venues and guest houses providing many opportunities. The Breedekloof wine route is the youngest wine route in South Africa. It was established in 2002 and consists of 22 cellars. It runs from Gouda to Montagu (east to west) and McGregor to Tankwa-Karoo National Park (north to south). It forms part of Route 62, which claims to be the longest wine route in the world.

neg: Coetsenburg He owned the Lion Distillery (now Van Rhyn’s Distillery) on Vlottenburg Estate and the Malmesbury Voogdy en Assuransiemaatskappy. In 1915, he co-founded Naspers and established Die Burger newspaper. He bequeathed £100,000 to establish the University of Stellenbosch and a scholarship scheme which continues today. Coetsenburg Coetsenburg is an historic wine estate and one of the oldest estates in South Africa, established in 1682, and located at the foot of the Stellenbosch Mountain, which forms part of the estate, in the town of Stellenbosch, 31 miles (50 km) east of Cape Town, in the Cape Winelands of the Western Cape Province.

neg: Catalan wine investment. The area has a long winemaking tradition and was the birthplace of the sparkling wine "Cava", invented in the early 1870s in Sant Sadurní d'Anoia by Josep Raventos of Codorníu Winery. At the turn of the 20th century, the Catalan wine industry was at the forefront of Spain's emergence as a world leader in quality wine production, being the first Spanish wine region to adopt the use of stainless steel fermentation tanks. The area is also an important cork production region, with output aimed primarily at the region's Cava houses. Archaeological evidence suggests that the Phoenicians introduced winemaking to

neg: Fairview Wine and Cheese name of the property was officially changed to Fairview. Charles Back purchased the Fairview farm from a Mr Hugo in 1937 for the sum of 6500 pounds. Fairview has been in the Back family to the present day. Charles Louis Back was a Lithuanian immigrant to the Cape, who arrived in South Africa in 1902. He settled in Paarl where he set up a butcher shop as well as selling farm produce from the local farmers. Through these dealings he was offered a piece of land on the farm Klein Babylonstoren in the Paarl winelands. In 1916 Charles Back purchased

neg: Robertson, Western Cape Robertson, Western Cape Robertson is a town in the Western Cape Province of South Africa known as the valley of wine and roses, at the heart of the wine route - Route 62. The town was founded in 1853 and named after the Scottish Dutch Reformed Church Minister, Dr . Situated in the fertile Robertson Valley, farming and wagon building were the town's original industries. However, after the Second Anglo-Boer War of 1899, the wagon building industry collapsed when the railways took over the transport of all goods. Robertson subsequently became famous for its ostrich farming, but this industry collapsed

neg: Charles Back Charles Back Charles Louis Back is the third generation owner of South African wine and cheese producer Fairview, in Paarl in the Western Cape province. Fairview Estate is a third-generation family-owned farm, located on the slopes of the Paarl Mountain in the winelands of the Western Cape. With a winemaking heritage that dates back to 1693, Fairview has developed a reputation as one of South Africa’s leading wine producers that has been bottling wine under its own label since 1974. Under the guidance of owner Charles Back, who joined his father at the farm in 1978, Fairview is driven by

neg: History of South African wine producers to pour their unsaleable wine into local rivers and streams. The depressed prices caused by this out-of-balance supply and demand dynamic prompted the South African government to fund the formation of the Koöperatieve Wijnbouwers Vereniging van Zuid-Afrika Bpkt (KWV) in 1918. Initially started as a co-operative, the KWV soon grew in power and prominence, setting policies and prices for the entire South African wine industry. To deal with the wine glut the KWV restricted yields and set minimum prices, encouraging the production of brandy and fortified wines. For much of the 20th century, the wine industry of South Africa

neg: History of South African wine exert enormous power on the pricing structure and direction of the South African wine industry. The KWV was able to regulate planting rights for new vineyard properties, specify permitted grape varieties, limit harvest yields, regulate production methods and impose quotas on how much wine needed to be distilled for fortified wine production. While the activities of the KWV was able to stabilize the South African industry, it also stagnated the industry by limiting innovation and improvements in quality. This stagnation was compounded by the isolation South Africa experienced during the Apartheid era. Wine expert Jancis Robinson notes that the history

neg: Oudebaaskraal Dam Oudebaaskraal Dam Oudebaaskraal Dam is an earth-fill type dam located on the Tankwa River near Ceres, Western Cape, South Africa. It was established in 1969 and serves mainly for irrigation purposes. The hazard potential of the dam has been ranked significant (2). Oudebaaskraal Dam is next to Wadrif and is located in Cape Winelands District Municipality, Western Cape, South Africa. Oudebaaskraal Dam has a length of 14.34 kilometres. A game drive in the stony desert area around the Oudebaaskraal Dam is probably the best chance of spotting some of the animals that have been reintroduced into the Tankwa Karoo National

neg: LGBT tourism in South Africa abundance of good restaurants and its close proximity to the winelands of the Boland and Constantia Valley. LGBT tourism in South Africa LGBT tourism in South Africa is a form of niche tourism marketed to gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people who visit South Africa. Cape Town is the most popular destination for LGBT tourists in South Africa and is regarded as the gay capital of Africa, hosting the Cape Town Pride festival in February/March, the Mother City Queer Project in December, and the Out in Africa Film Festival in September/October every year. Other regional events include the Pink

neg: Mount Barker, Western Australia providing power to the town and surrounding area. Mount Barker is one of the 5 nominated subregions of the Great Southern wine region in Western Australia, which is Australia's largest wine region with a rectangle 200 kilometres from east to west and over 100 kilometers from north to south. The area has been described as 'the birthplace of the Great Southern wine region' and has won numerous awards for a variety of wines. Situated as it is in the middle of the Great Southern, the continental aspects of the climate make this quintessential country for Riesling and Shiraz. While, as

neg: South African wine have risen to prominence with Cabernet Sauvignon being the most widely grown red grape variety covering 12% of all plantings in 2009. Other red grape varieties found in South Africa include: Carignan, Gamay (often made in the style of Beaujolais wine with carbonic maceration), Grenache, Petit Verdot, Cabernet Franc, Pontac, Ruby Cabernet, Tinta Barroca and Zinfandel. There is a wide range of lesser known groups that are used to feed the country's still robust distilled spirits and fortified wine industry. These grapes usually produce bland, neutral wine that lends itself well to blending and distillation but is rarely seen as

neg: South Africa South Africa occur between June and August. The extreme southwest has a climate remarkably similar to that of the Mediterranean with wet winters and hot, dry summers, hosting the famous fynbos biome of shrubland and thicket. This area also produces much of the wine in South Africa. This region is also particularly known for its wind, which blows intermittently almost all year. The severity of this wind made passing around the Cape of Good Hope particularly treacherous for sailors, causing many shipwrecks. Further east on the south coast, rainfall is distributed more evenly throughout the year, producing a green landscape.

neg: Wine Country (California) after, European settlers brought in more intensive agriculture to the Wine Country, including growing grapes and wine production. Some of the historical events that led to the establishment of California as a state transpired in the Wine Country. In particular, the town of Sonoma, is known as the birthplace of American California. Agoston Haraszthy is credited with being one of the forefathers of the California wine industry in Sonoma by his planting of grapes in the lower Arroyo Seco Creek watershed of Sonoma County. In 2017, many portions of California's Wine Country were heavily devastated by wildfires, including the October

neg: Western Cape wine to the government as an experimental station. In 1980 Duggie Jooste bought Klein Constantia, redeveloped it, and is now selling a new version of Vin de Constance made from Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains. The Franschhoek Valley was settled over 300 years ago by the French Huguenots. The first official wine route was opened in Stellenbosch in 1971. In 1993, Western Cape was designated as a Geographical Unit under the Wine of Origin scheme. The Geographical Unit covers almost all of the South African Winelands, including the regions of Breede River Valley, Coastal Region, Klein Karoo and Olifants River. It

neg: History of South African wine the 19th century, South Africa fell under British rule which proved lucrative for the wine industry as South African wine flowed into the British market. This prosperity lasted until the 1860s when the Cobden–Chevalier Treaty signed by the Palmerston government and France reduced the preferential tariffs that benefited South African wine in favor of French wine exports. Following the devastation from the phylloxera epidemic in the late 19th century, many vineyards were replanted with high yielding grape varieties such as Cinsaut. By the early 1900s there was a large glut of wine, creating a wine lake effect which led some

neg: South African wine varietal bottlings. These include: Belies, False Pedro, Kanaän, Raisin blanc, Sultana and Servan. Pinotage, a crossing of Pinot noir and Cinsaut, has seen its plantings rise and fall due to the current fashion of the South African wine industry. Today, it is the second most widely planted red grape variety in South Africa. While there are supporters who want to make the grape South Africa's signature variety, critics of the grape note that hardly any other wine region in the world has planted this variety due to its flaws. In the early 1990s, as Apartheid ended and the world's wine

neg: History of South African wine of the South African wine industry in the 20th century shows how intimately wine mirrors social and political change. For much of the 20th century, the wine industry of South Africa received very little attention on the worldwide stage. Its isolation was further deepened by boycotts of South African produce in protest at the country's system of Apartheid. It wasn't till the late 1980s and 1990s when Apartheid was ended and the world's export market opened up that South African wines began to experience a renaissance. With a steep learning curve, many producers in South Africa quickly adopted new viticultural

neg: Page Springs Cellars efforts benefited the Arizona wine industry as a whole and since this victory the number of federally bonded wineries in Arizona has more than tripled. Although Spanish Missionaries begun producing wine in Arizona during the 16th century for use in Christian religious ceremonies, modern winemaking started in 1970’s in the Sonoita AVA. Today there are over 45 licensed and bonded wineries throughout Arizona. Despite the prejudices and objections of many, Arizona is quickly becoming known as a serious wine destination. The state’s first viticulture program, started at Yavapai College in January 2011. Another catalyst in the Verde Valley area is

neg: Orange, New South Wales in the area, since its climate is too cool. In recent years, a large number of vineyards have been planted in the area for rapidly expanding wine production. The growth of this wine industry, coupled with the further development of Orange as a gourmet food capital, has ensured Orange's status as a prominent tourism destination. Other large industries include: Orange is also the location of the headquarters of the New South Wales Department of Industry (Department of Industry, Skills and Regional Development, the New South Wales Department of Primary Industries). The following Primary Schools are not within the city limits

neg: Cape Winelands Shale Fynbos more vulnerable than other types of Mountain Fynbos, as it typically grows on lower slopes, which tend to be developed for housing or cultivated for farming. An isolated patch of this vegetation can also be found further to the west, within the city of Cape Town. Here it is usually known as Peninsula Shale Fynbos and occurs on the lower slopes of Devils Peak as far south as Newlands Forest and Kirstenbosch. On the northern slopes of Devils Peak, it merges into Peninsula Shale Renosterveld. This ecosystem is usually classed as being a type of Cape Winelands Shale Fynbos, although

neg: Curicó Province a Denomination of Origin (DO) as defined by the Chilean Appellation system, the legally defined and protected geographical indication used to identify where the grapes for a wine were grown. This area is located 200 km (124 miles) south of Santiago, Chile’s capital city, at 35°S, a similar latitude to the southern tip of Spain. It is divided in two sub-regions: the Teno valley in the north and Lontue in the south. Wine production in this area is known for the variety of grapes, reliability and good value Cabernet Sauvignon and Sauvignon Blanc. Although European vines have been growing in

neg: Drakenstein Local Municipality Drakenstein Local Municipality Drakenstein Municipality is a local municipality located within the Cape Winelands District Municipality, in the Western Cape province of South Africa. it had a population of 251,262. Its municipality code is WC023. The municipality covers a total area of in the valley of the Berg River to the west of the Boland mountain ranges. It stretches about from Saron in the north to beyond Paarl in the south. It abuts on the Witzenberg Municipality and Breede Valley Municipality to the east, the Stellenbosch Municipality to the south, the City of Cape Town and the Swartland Municipality to

neg: South Tyrol wine South Tyrol wine South Tyrol is an autonomous province located in north-east Italy producing wine. This Austro-Italian wine region is noted for the distinct Austrian influences on the wine industry due to the region's long history under the rule of Austria-Hungary and Holy Roman Empires. Because of its unique history and location within the southern Alps and Dolomites, in this region grows a wide range of grape varieties that are not usually seen in other parts of Italy. These include Müller-Thurgau, Vernatsch, Lagrein, Sylvaner, Riesling (known in Italian as "Riesling Renano"), Gewürztraminer (known in Italian as "Traminer Aromatico") and Blatterle.

neg: KWV South Africa (Pty) LTD KWV South Africa (Pty) LTD KWV South Africa (Proprietary) Limited is one of the leading wine and spirits producers in South Africa. Its brands include Roodeberg, KWV Wines & KWV Brandies, and Laborie. KWV was founded as a winemaking co-operative on 8 January 1918 by wine makers from the Western Cape in South Africa, with Dr. Charles Kohler as its chairperson. The name “Koöperatieve Wijnbouwers Vereniging van Suid-Afrika” is Afrikaans for "Co-operative Winemakers Union' of South Africa", but today KWV represents a well-known global wine and spirits brand producing a large portfolio of products. The purpose of KWV was to

neg: Witzenberg Local Municipality Witzenberg Local Municipality Witzenberg Municipality is a local municipality located within the Cape Winelands District Municipality, in the Western Cape province of South Africa. it had a population of 115,946. The municipality covers an area of which includes the Land van Waveren (Tulbagh) valley, the Warm Bokkeveld, the Koue Bokkeveld and the Ceres-Karoo. It stretches from the Groot Winterhoek Mountains in the west and the Hex River Mountains in the south as far as the Northern Cape provincial border in the north and east. It abuts on the Hantam Municipality to the north, the Karoo Hoogland Municipality to the northeast,

neg: Jamestown, Western Cape Jamestown, Western Cape Jamestown, also known as Webersvallei ("Weber's Valley"), is a quiet rural settlement on the southern outskirts of Stellenbosch in the Cape Winelands District of the Western Cape province of South Africa. It is situated next to Blaauwklippen Vineyards, on the eastern side of route R44 from Stellenbosch to Somerset West and the Strand coastal resort. The main access from the R44 is via Webersvallei Road, the main road in Jamestown with "watererven" – long, narrow agricultural plots on the south bank of Blouklip River – on the north side of the road and residential plots on the

neg: Jamestown, Western Cape in harmony. Jamestown, Western Cape Jamestown, also known as Webersvallei ("Weber's Valley"), is a quiet rural settlement on the southern outskirts of Stellenbosch in the Cape Winelands District of the Western Cape province of South Africa. It is situated next to Blaauwklippen Vineyards, on the eastern side of route R44 from Stellenbosch to Somerset West and the Strand coastal resort. The main access from the R44 is via Webersvallei Road, the main road in Jamestown with "watererven" – long, narrow agricultural plots on the south bank of Blouklip River – on the north side of the road and residential plots

neg: Tulbagh Tulbagh Tulbagh, named after Dutch Cape Colony Governor Ryk Tulbagh, is a town located in the "Land van Waveren" mountain basin (also known as the Tulbagh basin), in the Winelands of the Western Cape, South Africa. The basin is fringed on three sides by mountains, and is drained by the Klein Berg river and its tributaries. The nearest towns are Ons Rust and Gouda beyond the Nuwekloof Pass, Wolseley some to the south inside the basin, and Ceres and Prince Alfred Hamlet beyond Michell's Pass in the Warm Bokkeveld. The basin has been inhabited for thousands of years by indigenous

neg: Tulbagh are either being planned or built to cope with the expected production volumes of quality wines. Tulbagh Tulbagh, named after Dutch Cape Colony Governor Ryk Tulbagh, is a town located in the "Land van Waveren" mountain basin (also known as the Tulbagh basin), in the Winelands of the Western Cape, South Africa. The basin is fringed on three sides by mountains, and is drained by the Klein Berg river and its tributaries. The nearest towns are Ons Rust and Gouda beyond the Nuwekloof Pass, Wolseley some to the south inside the basin, and Ceres and Prince Alfred Hamlet beyond Michell's

neg: Argentine wine metres or 3,000 ft.), valleys and rivers. Major wineries (like Trapiche) have made investments in the area and production is likely to increase significantly, but most of the potential in this vast area is untapped. As the coast continues south, the weather becomes drier and windier, with (counter-intuitively) hotter summers. South of the city of Bahia Blanca, the Medanos area is becoming another focal point of the wine industry (see Buenos Aires wines. Weather records suggest that the coast should be adequate for wine making much further south: into Viedma, San Antonio Oeste, Puerto Madryn, Trelew and even Comodoro Rivadavia

neg: KWV South Africa (Pty) LTD create unity amongst the wine farmers of South Africa and to ensure continuous improvement in the quality of South African wines and brandies. From the early 1920s, the co-operative was granted increasing legislative control over the production, sale and export of South Africa’s distilling wine and spirits, which allowed the body to experiment with innovations in the industry which aided its development. The organisation also invested a great deal in the promotion of South African wine and brandy both locally and abroad. KWV’s legal hand over the industry was lifted with the end of Apartheid in 1990 and subsequent change

neg: Charles Back Nelson Mandela. In 2007 Back was nominated as one of UK publication Harpers most influential personalities in the wine industry The KWV appointed Back onto their advisory winemaking committee in 2007, tasked with assisting the company with their quality and production strategy. In 2017, Charles Back became one of the most awarded winemakers in South Africa, honoured with prestigious titles such as the 1659 Wine Industry Medal of Honour 2017 and the South African Farmer of the Year 2017. Charles Back Charles Louis Back is the third generation owner of South African wine and cheese producer Fairview, in Paarl in

neg: Sonoma Valley Indians of California" (New York 1976 - reprint of Bulletin 78 of the Bureau of American Ethnology of the Smithsonian Institution 1925) Sonoma Valley Sonoma Valley is a valley located in southeastern Sonoma County, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area. Known as the birthplace of the California wine industry, the valley is home to some of the earliest vineyards and wineries in the state, some of which survived the phylloxera epidemic of the 1870s and the impact of prohibition in the early 20th century. Today, the valley's wines are protected by the US Federal Government's Sonoma Valley and Carneros

neg: Sonoma Valley Sonoma Valley Sonoma Valley is a valley located in southeastern Sonoma County, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area. Known as the birthplace of the California wine industry, the valley is home to some of the earliest vineyards and wineries in the state, some of which survived the phylloxera epidemic of the 1870s and the impact of prohibition in the early 20th century. Today, the valley's wines are protected by the US Federal Government's Sonoma Valley and Carneros AVAs (or American Viticultural Areas). Sonoma Valley offers a wide range of year-round festivals and events, including the Sonoma International Film Festival.

neg: Charles Back This 16 hectare piece of land was given to the association. He also assisted with the development of the Fairvalley wine brand which is owned by the workers association. This was one of the first such arrangements in South Africa and the funds raised through the sale of Fairvalley wines were used to build eight houses for founding members of the association. Plans are currently in progress to develop the land further through the establishment of the Fairvalley eco-village. In April 2006, South African WINE Magazine voted Back the second most influential person in the South African wine industry, after

neg: Breede Valley Local Municipality Breede Valley Local Municipality Breede Valley Municipality is a local municipality located within the Cape Winelands District Municipality, in the Western Cape province of South Africa. As of 2007, it had a population of 166,825. Its municipality code is WC025. The municipality covers a total area of . It includes a middle section of the Breede River Valley around the town of Worcester, and stretches up the Hex River valley to the edge of the Karoo. It abuts on the Witzenberg Municipality to the north, the Laingsburg Municipality to the east, the Langeberg Municipality to the southeast, the Theewaterskloof Municipality

neg: South African wine defined by political boundaries – wards are the level of origin designation that is most defined by unique "terroir" characteristics. As of 2003, South Africa was 17th in terms of area planted with vines, with the country owning 1.5% of the world's grape vineyards with . Yearly production among South Africa's wine regions is usually around 10 million hL (264 million US gallons) which regularly puts the country among the top ten wine producing countries in the world. The majority of wine production in South Africa takes place in the Cape, particularly the south-west corner near the coastal region. The

neg: Coetsenburg in South Africa, e.g. Coetzee, Coetse, Coussé. Coetsenburg is often incorrectly spelt Coetzenburg. A branch of the Coetsee family became Anglicized through intermarriage after the British conquest of the Dutch Cape Colony in 1795 and Coetsenburg is now under their custodianship. The Coetsenburg Estate lies on the banks of the Eerste River at the foot of the Stellenbosch Mountain in the town of Stellenbosch in the Western Cape province of South Africa. Stellenbosch is part of the Cape Winelands and is renowned for its viticulture, orchards and picturesque mountain scenery. Stellenbosch is the second oldest European settlement in South Africa,

neg: KwaZulu-Natal wine KwaZulu-Natal wine KwaZulu-Natal is designated as a geographical unit under the Wine of Origin classification of South African wine. It corresponds to the province of KwaZulu-Natal in the east of South Africa, which has an embryonic wine industry. The first trials of Vitis vinifera in KwaZulu-Natal were in 1992 at Sunwich Port. Tiny and Judy van Niekerk established the Stables Wine Estate in 2005, the first wine estate in KwaZulu-Natal, and released the first wines from the region in 2006. Judy van Niekerk was responsible for having KZN designated as a "Wine of Origin" region in 2005 after negotiations with

neg: Turkish wine flavored red wine made from Boğazkere grapes grown in the Anatolia region of Turkey. The wine is a red wine with high tannic levels. It is sometimes produced in an ice wine fashion with the grapes allowed to hang on the vine till the first frost and then crushed while the grapes are still frozen. Historically, the area where Buzbağ is produced is considered a possible birthplace of wine. The biblical accounts of Noah after the flood has him planting a vineyard near the area where the ark landed. This area is presumed to be Mt. Ararat where Buzbağ is

neg: Witzenberg Local Municipality single councillor from the Congress of the People (COPE) to govern the municipality. The local council sends three representatives to the council of the Cape Winelands District Municipality: two from the Democratic Alliance and one from the African National Congress. Since 2002 Witzenberg has an official town twinning agreement with the town Essen in Belgium. The city-to-city cooperation consists of sustainable development programs in the vulnerable areas concerning youth, local economic development and environment. Witzenberg Local Municipality Witzenberg Municipality is a local municipality located within the Cape Winelands District Municipality, in the Western Cape province of South Africa. it had

neg: History of California wine oak supplies ran low. As home to both Buena Vista winery, California's oldest commercial winery, and Gundlach Bundschu winery, California's oldest family-run winery, the Sonoma Valley is known as the birthplace of the California wine industry. Although George Yount planted a small vineyard in Napa Valley in the mid-1830s, John Patchett planted the first commercial vineyard in Napa Valley in 1854 and established the first winery there in 1858. In 1861 Charles Krug who previously had worked for Agoston Haraszthy and Patchett founded his namesake winery in St. Helena and began making his own wine. Originally a Prussian political dissident,

neg: South African wine between the South African government and the KWV, which put forth 369 million rand ($46 million US$), SAWIS works to promote the export market for South African wines abroad, and the development of new technologies and education. Additionally, SAWIS works with the Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) programme to promote the black community's involvement in the South African wine industry – including ownership opportunities for vineyards and wineries. Wine competitions are held to assess whether a wine is of good quality and whether it is true to its character. In 2014, more than 20 wine competitions were held in South Africa,

neg: New World wine use from vineyards to lucrative cotton fields, contributing further to the decline of the wine and pisco industry. This was particularly true during the time of the American Civil War (1861–1865) when the cotton prices skyrocketed due to the Blockade of the South and its cotton fields. Also in South Africa did wine making suffer a stunning blow in the 1860s with the implementation of the Cobden–Chevalier Treaty in 1860 that forced South African wines to compete with French wines in Britain and resulted a doubling of French wine imports to Britain. South African vineyards also suffered a second setback

neg: Pinotage grown in hectares over the past 10 years (2007-2017) .The SA Wine Industry Information & Systems (SAWIS) industry body indicate that the total area under Pinotage vines is now (2017) at 6 979 ha, up from 6.5% to 7.4% of the total area under vines In addition to South Africa, Pinotage is also grown in Brazil, Canada, Israel, New Zealand, United States and Zimbabwe. In New Zealand, there are of Pinotage. In the US, there are plantings in Arizona, California, Michigan, Oregon and Virginia. German winemakers have recently begun experimenting with the grape. The majority of the world's plantings of

neg: South African wine historical heart of South African wine has been the area near the Cape Peninsula and modern-day Cape Town. This area is still of prominence in the industry being home to the major wine regions of Constantia, Stellenbosch and Paarl. Today, wine is grown throughout the Western Cape and in parts of the Northern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape regions. The river regions along the Breede Valley, Olifants and Orange Rivers are among the warmest areas and are often the location of bulk wine production and distillation. The cooler climate regions east of Cape Town along the Indian Ocean coast, such

neg: KwaZulu-Natal wine Peak has developed into an award winning estate. It has won numerous medals and awards with the highest award being the Michelangelo trophy for its 2015 Barrel Pinotage. KwaZulu-Natal wine KwaZulu-Natal is designated as a geographical unit under the Wine of Origin classification of South African wine. It corresponds to the province of KwaZulu-Natal in the east of South Africa, which has an embryonic wine industry. The first trials of Vitis vinifera in KwaZulu-Natal were in 1992 at Sunwich Port. Tiny and Judy van Niekerk established the Stables Wine Estate in 2005, the first wine estate in KwaZulu-Natal, and released

neg: Tanzanian wine Tanzanian wine Tanzanian wine industry does not have much international recognition, however, it is the second largest producer of wine in Sub-Saharan Africa after South Africa. Compared to the rest of the world, the history of wine in Tanzania is very recent and dates back to just a few years before independence. Tanzania only has one major grape growing region and it is centered around the capital city Dodoma. The most common grape varietals in the region are Chenin Blanc, Syrah, Cabernet Sauvignon and a local variety named for a Dodoma sub-region, Makutupora. Initially wine production and grape growing was

neg: New South Wales wine New South Wales, including Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Shiraz and Sémillon. New South Wales is the second-largest wine producing state in Australia, accounting for 30 percent of the A$5 billion Australian wine industry In 1994 the various wine regions within New South Wales agreed there was a need to form a peak lobby group to act as the conduit between industry and the New South Wales Government, and to represent New South Wales at the Federal level through the Winemakers Federation of Australia Inc. This body is the New South Wales Wine Industry Association. The of the New South Wales land

neg: New South Wales wine for wine tourism. The wine industry of New South Wales is reflective of the industry throughout Australia, with a strong presence of large firms and smaller boutique wineries. Some of the first New South Wales wines to gain widespread commercial recognition, in Australia and abroad, were the Shiraz-based "Hermitage" wine from McWilliam's and the Sémillon-based "Chablis" wine from Lindemans. Other large wineries, such as De Bortoli Wines, Yellow Taill and Rosemount all were founded in this state. New South Wales wine New South Wales wine is Australian wine produced in New South Wales, Australia. New South Wales is Australia's most

neg: South Tyrol wine and Lagrein all other classic grape varieties have been produced for far more than one hundred years: Pinot nero, Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc. Nearly 42% of the grape growing area is planted with red wine varieties. Varieties produced: translated from: South Tyrol wine South Tyrol is an autonomous province located in north-east Italy producing wine. This Austro-Italian wine region is noted for the distinct Austrian influences on the wine industry due to the region's long history under the rule of Austria-Hungary and Holy Roman Empires. Because of its unique history and location within the southern Alps and Dolomites,

neg: South African wine production such as plantings of Sauvignon blanc in the Groenekloof area near Darling and Pinotage in unirrigated farmland of the Swartland. In the Olifants River region, Chenin blanc and Colombard are popular. The area is also home to South Africa's biggest single co-operative winery – the Vredendal Co-operative. The Northern Cape wine regions located along the Orange River include the hottest wine producing areas in South Africa. Wine production here was slow to take root, delayed to the 1960s when better irrigation and temperature control fermentation technology became available. Today, the area is responsible for nearly 12% of all the

neg: New South Wales wine similar to the Riverland area of South Australia. The major wine producing centre is located around the Riverina area, which is also known as the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area, and the city of Griffith where the major crush facilities are located. After Riverland, this is Australia's second most prolific wine producing region and is responsible for many of Australia's box and mass-produced wine brands. Along the Murrumbidgee River, Sémillon and Shiraz are the most popular plantings. New South Wales presents a sizable market for the consumption of local wines and Sydney, as well as the nation's capital, Canberra, are gateway cities

neg: Algerian wine Algerian wine Algerian wine is wine made in Algeria. While not a significant force on the world's wine market today, Algeria has played an important role in the history of wine. Algeria's viticultural history dates back to its settlement by the Phoenicians and continued under Algeria's rule by the Roman empire. Just prior to the Algerian War of Independence, Algerian wine (along with the production of Morocco and Tunisia) accounted for nearly two-thirds of the total international wine trade. With as much land under vine as the countries of Germany and South Africa, Algeria continues to maintain a wine industry

neg: Lake Sibhayi S - 27° 25' S and 32° 32' E - 32° 44' E Lake Sibhayi Lake Sibhayi, also known as Lake Sibaya, a freshwater lake in South Africa, with a surface area of 64 km². The lake is also wrongly known as Sibaya or Sibayi. The lake is located in the Maputaland, or Umhlabuyalingana, area of KwaZulu-Natal, on the east coast of South Africa. It is part of the Greater St. Lucia Wetland Park and is recognised under the Ramsar Convention as a "Wetland of International Importance" on 28 June 1991. In December 1999, the Greater St. Lucia Wetland Park

neg: Kylemore, Western Cape Kylemore, Western Cape Kylemore (named after Kylemore in Ireland) is a settlement in Cape Winelands District Municipality in the Western Cape province of South Africa. Kylemore is a previously disadvantaged rural community outside Stellenbosch in South Africa. Although a well-established community, with a remarkable level of generic skills and individual talent, it is still economically vulnerable: 60% of adults are unemployed, and the village is socially deprived of community facilities. With a population of 4000+ people, the community is largely dependent on seasonal jobs as farm labourers during the harvest season. For the rest of the year, unemployment is rampant

neg: Industry of Kosovo and wine culture has a long tradition in Kosovo. While local small-scale wine – production was introduced rampantly during the last twenty years, the wine industry in Kosovo became large-scale in the 1970s with the founding of the first larger SOEs. During its "glory days", the wine industry benefited from 9,000 ha vineyard area, divided into private and public ownership, and spread mainly throughout the south and west of Kosovo. The four state-owned wine production facilities were not as much "wineries" as they were "wine factories". Only the Rahovec facility that held app. 36 percent of the total vineyard area

neg: Jubaea 2,600 known species of palms, "Jubaea chilensis" is the second most massive, exceeded only by the floodplain or river bottom variety of "Borassus aethiopum". The species is partially protected within Chile, although pressures of human overpopulation and expansion of grazing areas have reduced the population of the Chilean Wine Palm in recent centuries. Jubaea Jubaea is a genus of palms with one species, "Jubaea chilensis" or "Jubaea spectabilis", commonly known as the "Chilean wine palm" or "Chile cocopalm". It is native to southwestern South America and is endemic to a small area of central Chile between 32°S and 35°S in

neg: Fernão Pires Pires do Beco, Gaeiro, Gaieiro, Maria Gomes, and Molinha. Fernão Pires Fernão Pires is a white Portuguese wine grape grown throughout Portugal, especially in the Tejo and Bairrada, where it is also known as "Maria Gomes". This variety is known to produce wines with a spicy aromatic character, though often with delicate exotic fruity notes. Generally not expected to be a long-living wine, this wine is best drunk in its infancy or matured for up to 2 or 3 years. Outside of Portugal there are some significant plantings in South Africa. Fernão Pires is also known under the synonyms Camarate,

neg: Fernão Pires Fernão Pires Fernão Pires is a white Portuguese wine grape grown throughout Portugal, especially in the Tejo and Bairrada, where it is also known as "Maria Gomes". This variety is known to produce wines with a spicy aromatic character, though often with delicate exotic fruity notes. Generally not expected to be a long-living wine, this wine is best drunk in its infancy or matured for up to 2 or 3 years. Outside of Portugal there are some significant plantings in South Africa. Fernão Pires is also known under the synonyms Camarate, Fernam Pires, Fernan Piriz, Fernão Pirão, Fernao Pires, Fernão

neg: Book fairs in South Africa to change the name in November 2013 ahead of the 2014 fair to encourage South Africans to take ownership of the event and make it more inclusive. The SABF became a public and trade fair in 2014 and is no owned by the South African Book Development Council (SABDC). The first annual Franschhoek Literary Festival (FLF) took place in May 2007. The festival is hosted annually in the Western Cape’s winelands in the town of Franschhoek, believed to be one of the oldest towns in South Africa. It has become internationally recognised for celebrating South African books and authors while

neg: Brackenfell Brackenfell Brackenfell is a northern suburb of Cape Town situated within the Western Cape province of South Africa at the gateway to the winelands. The local government services are provided by the City of Cape Town Municipality. In Brackenfell a variety of property situated on the foothills of Cape Town can be found. The Bracken Nature Reserve, situated in the Ruwari suburban area, was once a quarry site and was later declared a nature reserve after some negotiations between the Cape Town City Council and the Stellenbosch Divisional Council. Brackenfell offers schools, shopping malls and medical services, and many different

neg: Route 62 (South Africa) Route 62 (South Africa) Route 62 is a tourist route in South Africa that meanders between Cape Town, Oudtshoorn, the Garden Route, and Port Elizabeth, offering the scenic alternative to the N2 highway. Route 62 is named for the R62 provincial route, which it follows from Montagu to Humansdorp, but the tourist route extends further along other highways to Cape Town and Port Elizabeth. Also known as the Wine Route, Route 62 leads through the wine-growing areas of Wellington, Tulbagh, Worcester, Robertson and the Klein Karoo and is thus one of the longest wine routes in the world. Activities along

neg: Calitzdorp as a centre of the port wine industry in South Africa with several major wine estates famous for their award-winning products. A Port festival takes place in the town in mid-June each year. http://roseofthekaroo/wp/ Calitzdorp Calitzdorp is a town on the Western side of the Little or Klein Karoo in the Western Cape Province of South Africa and lies on South Africa's Route 62. The farm, on which Calitzdorp stands, was granted to JJ and MC Calitz in 1831. In 1924 a railway line was opened, in 1937 electrification and a new cement road to Oudtshoorn was completed. The Swartberg

neg: Paraguayan wine its demand for sacred wine was filled by imports. In 1908 Carlos Voigt, a winegrower of German heritage, began growing grapes in the province of Guiará. This marked the rebirth of the Paraguayan wine industry. Paraguayan wine Paraguay is one of the countries of South America that produces wine. However, Paraguay does not have active wine exports as of 2018 and its wine is little known outside its country of origin. Paraguayan wine history falls into three distinct chronological categories. In the mission period starting in the late 16th century, Spanish-speaking Jesuit missionaries planted European grapes ("vitis vinifera") as part