query: rdw in blood test what does it mean

pos: Red blood cell distribution width Red blood cell distribution width Red blood cell distribution width (RDW or RDW-CV or RCDW and RDW-SD) is a measure of the range of variation of red blood cell (RBC) volume that is reported as part of a standard complete blood count. Usually red blood cells are a standard size of about 6-8 μm in diameter. Certain disorders, however, cause a significant variation in cell size. Higher RDW values indicate greater variation in size. Normal reference range of RDW-CV in human red blood cells is 11.5-14.5%. If anemia is observed, RDW test results are often used together with mean corpuscular

pos: Red blood cell distribution width and high MCV. Mixed-deficiency (iron + B12 or folate) anemia usually presents with high RDW and variable MCV. Recent hemorrhages typically present with high RDW and normal MCV. A false high RDW reading can occur if EDTA anticoagulated blood is used instead of citrated blood. See Pseudothrombocytopenia. 7. http://rdwbloodtest.com Red Blood Cell Distribution Width Red blood cell distribution width Red blood cell distribution width (RDW or RDW-CV or RCDW and RDW-SD) is a measure of the range of variation of red blood cell (RBC) volume that is reported as part of a standard complete blood count. Usually red blood cells

pos: Mean corpuscular volume cells. For further specification, it can be used to calculate red blood cell distribution width (RDW). The RDW is a statistical calculation made by automated analyzers that reflects the variability in size and shape of the RBCs. To calculate MCV, the hematocrit (Hct) is divided by the concentration of RBCs ([RBC]) formula_1 Normally, MCV is expressed in femtoliters (fL, or 10L), and [RBC] is the quantity expressed in millions per microliter (10 / μL). The normal range for MCV is 80–100 fL. For example, if the Hct = 42.5% and [RBC] = 4.58 million per microliter (4,580,000/μL), then formula_2 The

pos: Iron-deficiency anemia anemia, they are often vague, which may limit their contribution to determining the diagnosis. Anemia is often discovered by routine blood tests. A sufficiently low hemoglobin (Hb) by definition makes the diagnosis of anemia, and a low hematocrit value is also characteristic of anemia. Further studies will be undertaken to determine the anemia's cause. If the anemia is due to iron deficiency, one of the first abnormal values to be noted on a CBC, as the body's iron stores begin to be depleted, will be a high red blood cell distribution width (RDW), reflecting an increased variability in the size

neg: Complete blood count are classified as normocytic if the MCV is within the expected range. Other conditions that can affect MCV include thalassemia, reticulocytosis, alcoholism, chemotherapy, vitamin B12 deficiency, and/or folic acid deficiency. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH): the average amount of hemoglobin per red blood cell, in picograms. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC): the average concentration of hemoglobin in red blood cells. In Hypochromic anemia, such as caused by an iron deficiency, the MCHC is decreased. Red cell distribution width (RDW): reflects the degree of variation in size and shape of red blood cells as calculated by automated analyzers. RDW determination, in conjunction

neg: Anisocytosis Anisocytosis Anisocytosis is a medical term meaning that a patient's red blood cells are of unequal size. This is commonly found in anemia and other blood conditions. False diagnostic flagging may be triggered by an elevated WBC count, agglutinated RBCs, RBC fragments, giant platelets or platelet clumps. In addition, it is a characteristic feature of bovine blood. The red cell distribution width (RDW) is a measurement of anisocytosis and is calculated as a coefficient of variation of the distribution of RBC volumes divided by the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) Anisocytosis is identified by RDW and is classified according to the

neg: Complete blood count with RBC count and MCV, is useful in the interpretation of several hematological disorders. The RDW is measured as a coefficient of variation of red cell size distribution. Platelet numbers are given, as well as information about their size and the range of sizes in the blood. Mean platelet volume (MPV): a measurement of the average size of platelets. An example of reference ranges for a complete blood count. Note that test names, measurement units and reference ranges may vary between countries and laboratories. Patient results should always be interpreted using the units and reference ranges from the laboratory that

neg: Red blood cell distribution width and small cells, causing the RDW to be elevated. An elevated RDW (red blood cells of unequal sizes) is known as anisocytosis. An elevation in the RDW is not characteristic of all anemias. Anemia of chronic disease, hereditary spherocytosis, acute blood loss, aplastic anemia (anemia resulting from an inability of the bone marrow to produce red blood cells), and certain hereditary hemoglobinopathies (including some cases of thalassemia minor) may all present with a normal RDW. The "width" in RDW-CV is sometimes thought to be "misleading," since it in fact is a measure of deviation of the "volume" of RBCs, and

neg: Complete blood count grams per decilitre. A low level of hemoglobin is a sign of anemia. Hematocrit or packed cell volume (PCV): This is the fraction of whole blood volume that consists of red blood cells. RBC Indices are typically calculated from other measured RBC parameters. They include the MHC, MCHC, MCV and RDW. Automated analyzers measure MCV directly, and use it and the RBC to calculate the Hematocrit. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV): the average volume of the red cells, measured in femtolitres. Anemia is classified as microcytic or macrocytic if the MCV value is above or below the expected normal range; anemias

neg: Sideroblastic anemia The anemia is moderate to severe and dimorphic. Microscopic viewing of the red blood cells will reveal marked unequal cell size and abnormal cell shape. Basophilic stippling is marked and target cells are common. The mean cell volume is commonly decreased (i.e., a microcytic anemia), but it may also be normal or even high. The RDW is increased with the red blood cell histogram shifted to the left. Leukocytes and platelets are normal. Bone marrow shows erythroid hyperplasia with a maturation arrest. In excess of 40% of the developing erythrocytes are ringed sideroblasts. Serum iron, percentage saturation and ferritin are

neg: Anemia in pregnancy diagnosis of anemia. It is important to note that references ranges for these values are often not the same for pregnant women. Additionally, laboratory values for pregnancy often change throughout the duration of a woman’s gestation. Testing involved in diagnosing anemia in the pregnant woman must be tailored to each individual patient. Suggested tests include: hemoglobin and/or hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), erythrocyte count, red cell distribution width (RDW), reticulocyte count, and a peripheral smear to assess red blood cell morphology. If iron deficiency is suspected, additional tests such as: serum iron, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC),

neg: Red blood cell distribution width not directly the diameter. However, "width" refers to the width of the volume curve (distribution width, here presented as the Coefficient of Variation, or CV), not the width of the cells. Thus, it is a reasonably accurate term. Mathematically, the RDW-CV is calculated with the following formula: Anemia in the presence of a normal RDW may suggest thalassemia. A low Mentzer Index, calculated from CBC data [MCV/RBC < 13], may suggest this disorder but a hemoglobin electrophoresis would be diagnostic. Iron-deficiency anemia usually presents with high RDW and low MCV. Folate- and vitamin B12-deficiency anemia usually present with high RDW

neg: Harris platelet syndrome Harris platelet syndrome Harris platelet syndrome (HPS) is the most common inherited giant platelet disorder. HPS was identified among healthy blood donors in the north-eastern part of the Indian subcontinent, characterized by absent bleeding symptoms, mild to severe thrombocytopenia (platelets rarely <50 X 109/L)with giant platelets (Mean platelet volume 10fL) and normal platelet aggregation studies with absent MYH9 mutation. In the blood donors with HPS authors found a statistically higher MPV, RDW and a lower platelet count and platelet biomass. At present the diagnosis of HPS is made by ascertaining the ethnicity of the patient, as well as assessing for

neg: Random glucose test does not necessarily mean you are diabetic). Random glucose test Random glucose test ( random blood glucose) is a blood sugar test taken from a non-fasting subject. This test, also called capillary blood glucose (CBG), assumes a recent meal and therefore has higher reference values than the fasting glucose test. The reference values for a "normal" random glucose test in an average adult are 79–160 mg/dl (4.4–8.9 mmol/l), between 160–200 mg/dl (8.9–11.1 mmol/l) is considered pre-diabetes, and > 200 mg/dl is considered diabetes according to ADA guidelines (you should visit your doctor or a clinic for additional tests however as

neg: Red blood cell distribution width volume (MCV) results to determine the possible causes of the anemia. It is mainly used to differentiate an anemia of mixed causes from an anemia of a single cause. Deficiencies of Vitamin B or folate produce a macrocytic anemia (large cell anemia) in which the RDW is elevated in roughly two-thirds of all cases. However, a varied size distribution of red blood cells is a hallmark of iron deficiency anemia, and as such shows an increased RDW in virtually all cases. In the case of both iron and B deficiencies, there will normally be a mix of both large cells

neg: HIV HIV-infected person who has an undetectable viral load to transmit the virus, even during unprotected sexual intercourse, as there would be a negligible amount of HIV present in the seminal fluid, vaginal secretions or blood, for transmission to occur. This does not mean, however, that prolonged anti-retroviral treatment will result in a suppressed viral load. An undetectable viral load, generally agreed as less than 50 copies per milliliter of blood, can only be proven by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. At the same time, it is important to recognise that reaching an undetectable viral load is determined by many

neg: P.S.K. What Does It Mean? was first used on the song "Rock 'N' Roll" which later became "You'll Be Under My Wheels". The second time they used it is from a song called "Lyrical Terrorist" which later became "Serial Thrilla", but it was soon used on the album "The Day Is My Enemy". P.S.K. What Does It Mean? "P.S.K. What Does It Mean?" (also written as "P.S.K. (What Does It Mean?)") is a song released in 1985 by Philadelphia rapper Schoolly D on his independent label Schoolly D Records. P.S.K. is the abbreviation for Park Side Killas, a street gang with which Schoolly D was

neg: P.S.K. What Does It Mean? P.S.K. What Does It Mean? "P.S.K. What Does It Mean?" (also written as "P.S.K. (What Does It Mean?)") is a song released in 1985 by Philadelphia rapper Schoolly D on his independent label Schoolly D Records. P.S.K. is the abbreviation for Park Side Killas, a street gang with which Schoolly D was affiliated. The highly influential song is considered the first hardcore rap song and features incidents of graphic sex, gunplay, drug references and one of the first uses of the word "nigga" in a rap song (earlier uses include "Scoopy Rap" and "Family Rap" in 1979, and "New York

neg: Blood transfusion many cases of HIV seropositive blood were missed. The development of a nucleic acid test for the HIV-1 RNA has dramatically lowered the rate of donor blood seropositivity to about 1 in 3 million units. As transmittance of HIV does not necessarily mean HIV infection, the latter could still occur at an even lower rate. The transmission of hepatitis C via transfusion currently stands at a rate of about 1 in 2 million units. As with HIV, this low rate has been attributed to the ability to screen for both antibodies as well as viral RNA nucleic acid testing in

neg: What Does Anything Mean? Basically of its icy church keyboards and delay-ridden guitars". Chris Jenkins, in the book "The Rough Guide to Rock", however, called it "as half-baked as its title". What Does Anything Mean? Basically What Does Anything Mean? Basically is the second studio album by English post-punk band the Chameleons. It was recorded in January 1985 and released 1 October 1985 by record label Statik. One single was released from the album: "Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)". "What Does Anything Mean? Basically" was recorded in January 1985 at Highland Studios in Inverness, Scotland. The album's sole single, "Singing Rule Britannia

neg: Adam Cost you're asking yourselves who are Revs and Cost and what are they doing? What is it? What does it mean? What does it mean? What does it mean?" Cost and Revs continued to write in New York City with impunity, highly visible examples of the graffiti that Mayor Rudolph Giuliani was determined to eradicate. One letter writer called Cost "probably the worst graffiti vandal in the history of New York." In October 2010, Cost released a collection of 4 limited edition tshirt styles with fashion retailer Supreme. The tshirts were sold in the United States and Japan. In 1995, Cost

neg: T-statistic the augmented Dickey–Fuller test, the test "t"-statistic will asymptotically have one of the Dickey–Fuller distributions (depending on the test setting). Most frequently, "t" statistics are used in Student's "t"-tests, a form of statistical hypothesis testing, and in the computation of certain confidence intervals. The key property of the "t" statistic is that it is a pivotal quantity – while defined in terms of the sample mean, its sampling distribution does not depend on the population parameters, and thus it can be used regardless of what these may be. One can also divide a residual by the sample standard deviation: to

neg: What Does Anything Mean? Basically What Does Anything Mean? Basically What Does Anything Mean? Basically is the second studio album by English post-punk band the Chameleons. It was recorded in January 1985 and released 1 October 1985 by record label Statik. One single was released from the album: "Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)". "What Does Anything Mean? Basically" was recorded in January 1985 at Highland Studios in Inverness, Scotland. The album's sole single, "Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)", was released on 1 August 1985. This song used uncredited Lennon-McCartney lyrics, with the final passage of the song quoting key

neg: Søren Kierkegaard up of three parts. It included "Purity of Heart is to Will One Thing", "What we Learn from the Lilies in the Field and from the Birds in the Air", and "The Gospel of Sufferings". These questions are asked, What does it mean to be a single individual who wants to do the good? What does it mean to be a human being? What does it mean to follow Christ? He now moves from "upbuilding (Edifying) discourses" to "Christian discourses", however, he still maintains that these are not ""sermons"". A sermon is about struggle with oneself about the tasks life

neg: Constituent (linguistics) to confirm constituency though not sufficient on their own. Failing to pass a single test does not mean that the test string is not a constituent, and conversely, passing a single test does not necessarily mean the test string is a constituent. It is best to apply as many tests as possible to a given string in order to prove or to rule out its status as a constituent. The 15 tests are introduced, discussed, and illustrated below mainly relying on the same one sentence: By restricting the introduction and discussion of the tests for constituents below mainly to this

neg: Anisocytosis size of RBC measured by MCV. According to this, it can be divided into Increased RDW is seen in iron deficiency anemia and decreased or normal in thalassemia major (Cooley's anemia), thalassemia intermedia From Ancient Greek: "an"- without, or negative quality, "iso"- equal, "cyt"- cell, -"osis" condition Anisocytosis Anisocytosis is a medical term meaning that a patient's red blood cells are of unequal size. This is commonly found in anemia and other blood conditions. False diagnostic flagging may be triggered by an elevated WBC count, agglutinated RBCs, RBC fragments, giant platelets or platelet clumps. In addition, it is a characteristic

neg: Antonio Cañizares Llovera Cañizares Llovera stated regarding the best way to receive the Eucharist: "What does it mean to receive communion in the mouth? What does it mean to kneel before the Most Holy Sacrament? What does it mean to kneel during the consecration at Mass? It means adoration, it means recognizing the real presence of Jesus Christ in the Eucharist; it means respect and an attitude of faith of a man who prostrates before God because he knows that everything comes from Him, and we feel speechless, dumbfounded, before the wondrousness, his goodness, and his mercy. That is why it is not

neg: Gender inequality is a natural difference also in the relative physical strengths (on average) of the sexes, both in the lower body and more pronouncedly in the upper-body, though this does not mean that any given man is stronger than any given woman. Men, on average, are taller, which provides both advantages and disadvantages. Women live significantly longer than men, though it is not clear to what extent this is a biological difference - see Life expectancy. Men have larger lung volumes and more circulating blood cells and clotting factors, while women have more circulating white blood cells and produce antibodies faster.

neg: Regression toward the mean increase on the second test. If your favorite sports team won the championship last year, what does that mean for their chances for winning next season? To the extent this result is due to skill (the team is in good condition, with a top coach, etc.), their win signals that it is more likely they will win again next year. But the greater the extent this is due to luck (other teams embroiled in a drug scandal, favorable draw, draft picks turned out to be productive, etc.), the less likely it is they will win again next year. If one

neg: Analytic–synthetic distinction to ask "What does it mean?". If it makes sense to ask "What does it mean?", then synonymy can be defined as follows: Two sentences are synonymous if and only if the true answer of the question "What does it mean?" asked of one of them is the true answer to the same question asked of the other. They also draw the conclusion that discussion about correct or incorrect translations would be impossible given Quine's argument. Four years after Grice and Strawson published their paper, Quine's book "Word and Object" was released. In the book Quine presented his theory of

neg: The Killing (Danish TV series) degrees of success. Producer Piv Bernth described the broad appeal of the show as "groundbreaking", and explained what she believed to be the root of its popularity: "It's the first time you have a detective drama over 20 episodes – other series had one killing per episode. And we also have this three-plot structure – what does it [a murder] mean for a police investigator, what does it mean for the parents, what does it mean for the politicians. It's not just about finding the murderer. That's important, but it's not all." Over 120 countries have purchased the first two

neg: Sherman Alexie humor. According to Sarah A. Quirk from the "Dictionary of Library Biography," Alexie asks three questions across all of his works: "What does it mean to live as an Indian in this time? What does it mean to be an Indian man? Finally, what does it mean to live on an Indian reservation?" The protagonists in most of his literary works exhibit a constant struggle with themselves and their own sense of powerlessness in white American society. Alexie’s writings are meant to evoke sadness, but at the same time, he uses humor and pop culture that leave the readers with

neg: Two Dogmas of Empiricism of a Dogma". Among other things, they argue that Quine's skepticism about synonyms leads to a skepticism about meaning. If statements can have meanings, then it would make sense to ask "What does it mean?". If it makes sense to ask "What does it mean?", then synonymy can be defined as follows: Two sentences are synonymous if and only if the true answer of the question "What does it mean?" asked of one of them is the true answer to the same question asked of the other. They also draw the conclusion that discussion about correct or incorrect translations would

neg: Alkali denaturation test birth (postpartum hemorrhage) if the newborn has bloody vomiting, bloody stool, or active bleeding from the nasogastric tube. A positive apt test would mean that the blood is either due to gastrointestinal or pulmonary bleeding from the neonate. A negative Apt test would indicate that the blood is of maternal origin, suggesting that the neonate swallowed or aspirated maternal blood, either during delivery or during breastfeeding (e.g., from breast fissures). The test is based on differences between maternal and fetal hemoglobin. Maternal blood contains adult hemoglobin composed of two alpha and two beta subunits (aka hemoglobin A or HbA; i.e.,

neg: The Demon-Haunted World be seen, which Sagan says is a good idea, "but this dragon floats in the air". When the visitor considers using an infra-red camera to view the creature's invisible fire, Sagan explains that the fire is heatless. He continues to counter every proposed physical test with a reason why the test will not work. Sagan concludes by asking: "Now what's the difference between an invisible, incorporeal, floating dragon who spits heatless fire and no dragon at all? If there's no way to disprove my contention, no conceivable experiment that would count against it, what does it mean to say that

neg: Streptococcus iniae of beta-hemolysis (complete destruction of red blood cells in the blood agar culture medium) are surrounded by large zones of alpha-hemolysis (incomplete destruction of red blood cells with a greenish discoloration due to breakdown of hemoglobin). The bacterium is catalase-negative and LAP-positive (like all streptococci), PYR-test and CAMP-test-positive, does not hydrolyze sodium hippurate, and does not grow in bile esculin agar. It does not express any of the known Lancefield antigens. Two serotypes of "S. iniae" are established. The ATCC 29178 type strain first characterized in 1976 by Pier and Madin is representative of serotype I isolates. Serotype II was

neg: Jeremy Corbyn "Channel 4 News" in July 2015 why he had called representatives from Hamas and Hezbollah "friends", Corbyn explained, "I use it in a collective way, saying our friends are prepared to talk," and that the specific occasion he used it was to introduce speakers from Hezbollah at a Parliamentary meeting about the Middle East. He said that he does not condone the actions of either organisation: "Does it mean I agree with Hamas and what it does? No. Does it mean I agree with Hezbollah and what they do? No. What it means is that I think to bring about

neg: Climateprediction.net models with very high climate sensitivity were found to be "as realistic as other state-of-the-art climate models". The test of realism was done with a root mean square error test. This does not check on realism of seasonal changes and it is possible that more diagnostic measures may place stronger constraints on what is realistic. Improved realism tests are being developed. It is important to the experiment and the goal of obtaining a probability distribution function (pdf) of climate outcomes to get a very wide range of behaviours even if only to rule out some behaviours as unrealistic. Larger sets

neg: BRCA mutation for eight to ten months for test results. A positive test result for a known deleterious mutation is proof of a predisposition, although it does not guarantee that the person will develop any type of cancer. A negative test result, if a specific mutation is known to be present in the family, shows that the person does not have a "BRCA"-related predisposition for cancer, although it does not guarantee that the person will not develop a non-hereditary case of cancer. By itself, a negative test result does not mean that the patient has no hereditary predisposition for breast or ovarian

neg: Mean platelet volume Mean platelet volume Mean platelet volume (MPV) is a machine-calculated measurement of the average size of platelets found in blood and is typically included in blood tests as part of the CBC. Since the average platelet size is larger when the body is producing increased numbers of platelets, the MPV test results can be used to make inferences about platelet production in bone marrow or platelet destruction problems. MPV is higher when there is destruction of platelets. This may be seen in inflammatory bowel disease, immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), myeloproliferative diseases and Bernard-Soulier syndrome. It may also be related to

neg: What Does Anything Mean? Basically lyrics of the Beatles song "She Said, She Said". "What Does Anything Mean? Basically" was released 1 October 1985 on record label Statik. "What Does Anything Mean? Basically" has been generally well received by critics. In his retrospective review, Ned Raggett of AllMusic called it "[a] rarity of sophomore albums, something that at once made the band all the more unique in its sound while avoiding a repetition of earlier work. [...] an astounding record." "Trouser Press" called it "even better" than "Script of the Bridge", "with much stronger production underscoring both the band's direct power and the ghostly atmospherics

neg: MELISA decrease of patient-reported metal-specific responses following the removal of the allergy-causing metals (however the trial did not have a placebo control). MELISA A MELISA (Memory Lymphocyte Immunostimulation Assay) test is a blood test that detects type IV hypersensitivity to metals, chemicals, environmental toxins and molds from one single blood sample. The test does not measure toxicity – that is to say, it will not measure the amounts of a harmful substance in the patient's blood. It measures if the patient is allergic to it. Two articles have concluded that the MELISA test is not useful for diagnosis since a large

neg: MELISA MELISA A MELISA (Memory Lymphocyte Immunostimulation Assay) test is a blood test that detects type IV hypersensitivity to metals, chemicals, environmental toxins and molds from one single blood sample. The test does not measure toxicity – that is to say, it will not measure the amounts of a harmful substance in the patient's blood. It measures if the patient is allergic to it. Two articles have concluded that the MELISA test is not useful for diagnosis since a large number of false positive results will be obtained. A subsequent study confirmed MELISA as reproducible, sensitive, specific, and reliable for detecting

neg: The Juice Media a speech to parliament in which he addressed the topics of freedom of speech and the rights to "mercilessly troll government". Senator Nick McKim is on record as saying: ""Where does this leave satire in Australia? Does it mean that figures such as Shaun Micallef, The Juice Media and The Chaser team, as well as upcoming comedians, will have to think twice before they crack jokes lest they find themselves on the stand or in the slammer? As the government's then Attorney-General put it, 'The test of what genuine satire is will be, as I said, up to the courts.'

neg: PA Consulting Group original brushless servo motor; medical injectors that mean the patient does not need to see the needle; a self-monitoring device for people with diabetes that measures blood glucose levels; micrometers; and 4G wireless test equipment. During the Iraq War, PA Consulting developed the "Panama System" to protect UK troops from improvised explosive devices, winning the Management Consultancies Association's top prize for innovation. PA's venture programme (PAGroup Ventures) was established in 2000 to exploit the ideas and intellectual capital generated from its consulting work. It was seen as unusual in continuing this approach after the dotcom boom led to other companies

neg: Political positions of Jeremy Corbyn "friends", Corbyn explained, "I use it in a collective way, saying our friends are prepared to talk," and that the specific occasion he used it was to introduce speakers from Hezbollah at a Parliamentary meeting about the Middle East. He said that he does not condone the actions of either organisation: "Does it mean I agree with Hamas and what it does? No. Does it mean I agree with Hezbollah and what they do? No. What it means is that I think to bring about a peace process, you have to talk to people with whom you may profoundly disagree

neg: Kastle–Meyer test has been reported as being able to detect blood dilutions down to 1:10, there are a number of important limitations to the test. Chemical oxidants such as copper and nickel salts will cause the Kastle–Meyer reagent to turn pink before the addition of the hydrogen peroxide, thus it is vitally important to add the reagent first, then wait a few seconds, then add the hydrogen peroxide. The Kastle–Meyer test has the same reaction with human blood as it does with any other hemoglobin-based blood, so a confirmatory test such as the Ouchterlony Test must be performed to definitively conclude from

neg: Complete blood count Average RBC size (MCV) and shape (RDW) are also calculated to provide additional diagnostic information. For example, if the red cells are smaller or larger than normal, or if there is a lot of variation in the size of the red cells, this data can help guide the direction of further testing and expedite the diagnostic process so patients can get the treatment they need quickly. Hemocytometers (counting chambers that hold a specified volume of diluted blood to enable enumeration with a microscope) are used to calculate the number of red and white cells per litre of blood. (The dilution

neg: SAT Subject Test in Spanish to get a perfect score on the exam while leaving some answers blank, depending on how well one does on each section. The mean score on this test is a 653, however, as with all world language tests, this score may be significantly higher as people who speak it fluently or as their first language may take it and will likely get a perfect score. Keep in mind that just because there may be several exceptionally high scores doesn't mean that the test was easy for them, it may just convey that native speakers do well on the test. 18,161

neg: Percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling fetal and maternal blood occurred before the diagnostic tests are done on the blood. Fetal red blood cells (RBC) are usually bigger than maternal RBCs, and the average volume of RBCs, the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), is one of the methods used to determine whether or not the fetal blood has been contaminated. Another method, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) determination, can detect maternal blood because maternal blood has high levels of hCG. The hemoglobin alkaline denaturation test (Apt test) can detect the presence of maternal blood, which is indicated by a color change from red to brown when the sample

neg: GRIM test data revealed that in many cases, sample sizes were incorrectly stated and values incorrectly calculated. GRIM test The granularity-related inconsistency of means (GRIM) test is a simple statistical test used to identify inconsistencies in the analysis of data sets. The test relies on the fact that, given a dataset containing "N" integer values, the arithmetic mean (commonly called simply the average) is restricted to a few possible values: it must always be expressible as a fraction with an integer numerator and a denominator "N". If the reported mean does not fit this description, there must be an error somewhere; the

neg: GRIM test GRIM test The granularity-related inconsistency of means (GRIM) test is a simple statistical test used to identify inconsistencies in the analysis of data sets. The test relies on the fact that, given a dataset containing "N" integer values, the arithmetic mean (commonly called simply the average) is restricted to a few possible values: it must always be expressible as a fraction with an integer numerator and a denominator "N". If the reported mean does not fit this description, there must be an error somewhere; the preferred term for such errors is "inconsistencies", to emphasise that their origin is, on first

neg: Z-test 98.6% confidence we reject the null hypothesis that the 55 test takers are comparable to a simple random sample from the population of test-takers. The "Z"-test tells us that the 55 students of interest have an unusually low mean test score compared to most simple random samples of similar size from the population of test-takers. A deficiency of this analysis is that it does not consider whether the effect size of 4 points is meaningful. If instead of a classroom, we considered a subregion containing 900 students whose mean score was 99, nearly the same "z"-score and "p"-value would be

neg: Fecal occult blood blood in the stool, estimated as 200 ml in the stomach, 100 ml in the duodenum, and lesser amounts in the lower intestine. Tests for occult blood identify lesser blood loss. Fecal Immunochemical Testing (FIT) can identify as little as 0.3 ml of daily blood in the stool; yet this test threshold doesn't cause undue false positives from normal upper intestinal blood leakage because it does not detect occult blood from the stomach and upper small intestine. Thus the FIT test is much more specific for bleeding from the colon or lower gastrointestinal tract than alternatives. The detection rate of

neg: MOT test and are currently published in DVSA's leaflet "The MOT Test and You". An MOT pass certificate indicates that at the time of the test the vehicle met or exceeded the minimum safety standards determined by the DVSA guidelines. An MOT test certificate confirms that at the time of test, the vehicle has met the minimum acceptable environmental and road safety standards. It does not mean that the vehicle is roadworthy for the life of the certificate. The test does not cover the condition of the engine (other than the emissions), clutch or gearbox. Maintenance that is necessary for the reliable

neg: Zak Zodiac Trouble At The Talk 3, Zak defeated WAW World Heavyweight Champion Steve Corino to capture the title for the 1st time On 12 July 2006, Zak debuted for Real Deal Wrestling at RDW vs WAW and took on Dave Rayne for the RDW Lincolnshire Regional Championship and lost. In August, Zak won a RDW Heavyweight Championship number one contendership battle royal and took on the champion, Mick Romeo, a few days later and lost. With things looking bleak, two days later, Zak entered a gauntlet match for the RDW Lincolnshire Regional Championship and won. He would lose the championship three

neg: Embodied cognitive science can have an understanding of the human body. So the argument goes that if one lacked a human body, they could not possibly know what up or down could mean, or how it could relate to emotional states. ‘[I]magine a spherical being living outside of any gravitational field, with no knowledge or imagination of any other kind of experience. What could UP possibly mean to such a being?' While this does not mean that such beings would be incapable of expressing emotions in other words, it does mean that they would express emotions differently from humans. Human concepts of happiness

neg: Eddy Test . . and they were also distinctly above the mean [value] for the officer population.” It has been cited elsewhere that ETP students scored an average of near 68 on the Otis Test. While this test does not directly indicate an intelligence score, it does indicate that personnel in the ETP were in the upper three percent of the population; this roughly corresponds to about 130 on the Stanford–Binet intelligence quotient scale. The study indicated that the several forms of the initial RTST (Eddy Test) was somewhat lacking in internal consistency (there was a Kuder–Richardson Formula 20 value of 21%).

neg: Wier RDW-2 Draggin' Fly Wier RDW-2 Draggin' Fly The Wier RDW-2 Draggin' Fly was a homebuilt light aircraft, designed in the United States in the 1970s, aimed at fairly inexperienced builders and flyers. Plans were available but only one was built. The Draggin' Fly was designed to be easy to build, to have good short field characteristics and to have control characteristics matched to the skills of less experienced pilots. A four-cylinder Volkswagen air-cooled engine was selected for reliability and ease of maintenance. The sole example was constructed over ten months without plans, though a rib jig and propeller plot were used. It was

neg: Warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia by itself). Antibodies are created against the protein-drug complex, leading to the destructive sequence described above. The autoantibody model proposes that, through a mechanism not yet understood, certain drugs will cause antibodies to be made against red blood cells which again leads to the same destructive sequence. It is possible for it to occur in an immunocompromised patient. Diagnosis is made by a positive direct Coombs test, other lab tests, and clinical examination and history. The direct Coombs test looks for antibodies attached to the surface of red blood cells. Laboratory findings include severe anemia, increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV,

neg: Bad Religion just ... it's one of those things that, it happened and we took it and, maybe ... it was a really easy symbol for kids to spray paint and it's an easy symbol to put on a shirt and, so, it became, maybe, bigger than what it really was in the beginning. It was just, it was something that we liked and we thought that it would piss our parents off or something, you know? And then, when the records came out it just came everywhere, and so then everyone said 'What does that mean? What does that mean?' Whatever

neg: Biological passport drug and the application of an effective detection method. In contrast, the physiology of the human being remains the same through several generations and all biomarkers developed today in the athlete passport will remain valid for at least several decades. For example, the blood module of the passport is already sensitive today to any new future form of recombinant erythropoietin, as well as to any form of gene doping that will enhance oxygen transfer to the muscles. Also, while a negative drug test does not necessarily mean that the athlete did not dope, the athlete can present his/her passport at

neg: Perfusion MRI maps with different parameters, such as BV (blood volume), BF (blood flow), MTT (mean transit time) and TTP (time to peak). "Dynamic contrast-enhanced" (DCE) imaging gives information about physiological tissue characteristics. For example, it enables analysis of blood vessels generated by a brain tumor. The contrast agent is blocked by the regular blood–brain barrier but not in the blood vessels generated by the tumor. The concentration of the contrast agent is measured as it passes from the blood vessels to the extracellular space of the tissue (it does not pass the membranes of cells) and as it goes back to

neg: Marcel Danesi introduction of the disciplinary subspecialty of forensic semiotics. In 2013 he published Signs of Crime: Introducing Forensic Semiotics. His works typically offer readers an approachable invitation to the use of semiotics to help explain everyday phenomena. For instance, his book "Quest for Meaning: A Guide to Semiotic Theory and Practice" provides readers with a simple three-fold way of considering semiotic inquiry as trying to answer "What does it Mean? How does it convey meaning? And Why does it mean what it means?" Danesi is a public intellectual and has been featured or contributed to a range of mainstream publications such

neg: Z-test In the case of one and two sample location problems, a "t"-test does this. Suppose that in a particular geographic region, the mean and standard deviation of scores on a reading test are 100 points, and 12 points, respectively. Our interest is in the scores of 55 students in a particular school who received a mean score of 96. We can ask whether this mean score is significantly lower than the regional mean—that is, are the students in this school comparable to a simple random sample of 55 students from the region as a whole, or are their scores surprisingly

neg: HIV and pregnancy an HIV infection. Sometimes, however, a person may be infected with HIV but the body has not produced enough antibodies to be detected by the test. If a woman has risk factors for HIV infection but tests negative on the initial screening test, she should be retested in 3 months to confirm that she does not have HIV. Another screening test that is more specific is the HIV antigen/antibody test. This is a newer blood test that can detect HIV infection quicker than the antibody test because it detects both virus particles and antibodies in the blood. Any woman who

neg: Boulevard House raised interesting questions about how to create place-based space when the "place" was uncertain. While creating logistical ambiguities which must be managed, the situation mirrored critical questions about changes taking place within Detroit: What does it mean to occupy space which is tenuous as an indirect result of economic politics? Who has claim to the city and how is that expressed through land policies? In looking at occupancy, what does it mean to be authentic and legitimate, and whose voices govern the determination? If Boulevard House must relocate, does it relocate to another Southwest location or elsewhere in the city

neg: French people of "scientific racism", he wrote: The fact of race is huge originally; but it's been continually losing its importance, and sometimes, as in France, it happens to disappear completely. Does that mean total decadence? Yes, certainly from the standpoint of the stability of institutions, the originality of character, a certain nobility that I hold to be the most important factor in the conjunction of human affairs. But also what compensations! No doubt if the noble elements mixed in the blood of a people happened to disappear completely, then there would be a demeaning equality, like that of some Eastern states

neg: Regression toward the mean the mean of these students would “regress” all the way back to the mean of all students who took the original test. No matter what a student scores on the original test, the best prediction of their score on the second test is 50. If choosing answers to the test questions was not random – i.e. if there were no luck (good or bad) or random guessing involved in the answers supplied by the students – then all students would be expected to score the same on the second test as they scored on the original test, and there would

neg: Battle Club he sees and opening, takes it and flips her. The blast destroys the space shuttle orbiting the earth. They both end up in the infirmary. It is time for Tamako's match and she fights Akutagawa. Tamako dominates the match with her speed and wrestling ability. She throws Akutagawa from the ring. Akutagawa decides to use all his strength in fighting Tamako and begins to humiliate her in the match. He questions to her, "What is wrestling?, What does it mean to win? and What does Kiai really mean?" Tamako can not answer the questions. Tamako is back at the curry

neg: Anemia of prematurity study found that when Hb>10, EPO mean was 20.6 and when Hb≤10, EPO mean was 26.8. As Hb goes down, EPO goes up. While the reason for this decreased response is not fully understood, Strauss (n.d.) states that it results from both physiological factors (e.g., the rapid rate of growth and need for a commensurate increase in RBC mass to accompany the increase in blood volume) and, in sick premature infants, from phlebotomy blood losses. In premature infants this decline occurs earlier and more pronounced that it does in healthy term infants. Healthy term infants Hb rarely falls below 9

neg: Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction all horses suspected or confirmed to be suffering from PPID. There are two tests commonly used for insulin resistance: the oral sugar test and fasting insulin blood concentration. The fasting insulin concentration involves giving a horse a single flake of hay at 10 pm the night before testing, with blood being drawn the following morning. Both insulin and glucose blood levels are measured. Hyperinsulinemia suggests insulin resistance, but normal or low fasting insulin does not rule out PPID. This test is easy to perform, but is less sensitive than the oral sugar test. It is best used in cases where

neg: Driving in the United States or pedal cyclist) had a blood alcohol content (BAC) of 0.01 or greater. NHTSA defines nonfatal collisions as alcohol-related if the accident report indicates evidence of alcohol present. NHTSA specifically notes that alcohol-related does not necessarily mean a driver or non occupant was tested for alcohol and that the term does not indicate a collision or fatality was caused by the presence of alcohol. On average, about 60% of the BAC values are missing or unknown. To analyze what they believe is the complete data, statisticians simulate BAC information. Drivers with a BAC of 0.10 are 6 to 12 times

neg: Fold number Fold number Fold number refers to how many double folds that are required to cause rupture of a paper test piece under standardized conditions. Fold number is defined in ISO 5626:1993 as the antilogarithm of the mean folding endurance: formula_1 where "f" is the fold number, "F" is the folding endurance for each test piece and "n" is total number of test pieces used. In the introduction of ISO 5626:1993 it is emphasized that fold number, as defined in that very International Standard, does not equal the mean number of double folds observed. The latter is however still the definition

neg: Kastle–Meyer test which species the blood originated. Color catalytic tests are very sensitive, but not specific. The positive color test alone should not be interpreted as positive proof of blood. A negative result is generally proof of the absence of detectable quantities of heme, however a false negative can be generated in the presence of a reducing agent. The test is unable to give specific evidence as to what is in the blood. The phenolphthalein used in this test has been modified from its conventional form, in that it has been reduced by two electrons and is pre-dissolved in alkaline solution. This

neg: Annabel Port where the aforementioned tomato song with Sir Paul McCartney was aired. This feature is now occasionally resurrected on 'The Geoff Show' when the show does a podcast only show, albeit a "bawdy" song not fit for broadcast on UK radio. "Annabel's Friday Song" was usually a short, comical song introducing the coming weekend, with varying topical verses played live by Annabel. The song was introduced as coming "From the golden throat of miss Annabel Port". "Chorus" Oh what does it mean when the pubs are all packed at five-thirty? Oh what does it mean when we're all having fish for

neg: D-dimer D-dimer D-dimer (or D dimer) is a fibrin degradation product (or FDP), a small protein fragment present in the blood after a blood clot is degraded by fibrinolysis. It is so named because it contains two D fragments of the fibrin protein joined by a cross-link. D-dimer concentration may be determined by a blood test to help diagnose thrombosis. Since its introduction in the 1990s, it has become an important test performed in patients with suspected thrombotic disorders. While a negative result practically rules out thrombosis, a positive result can indicate thrombosis but does not rule out other potential causes.

neg: Anemia flow cytometry, which is an important tool in distinguishing between the causes of anemia. Examination of a stained blood smear using a microscope can also be helpful, and it is sometimes a necessity in regions of the world where automated analysis is less accessible. In modern counters, four parameters (RBC count, hemoglobin concentration, MCV and RDW) are measured, allowing others (hematocrit, MCH and MCHC) to be calculated, and compared to values adjusted for age and sex. Some counters estimate hematocrit from direct measurements. Reticulocyte counts, and the "kinetic" approach to anemia, have become more common than in the past in

neg: Terry Barrett inseparable processes.” Knowing what an artist meant to mean when making a work of art can be a tremendous aid to understanding that work of art. Artists’ intents can play a significant role for interpreters who want to formulate meanings about artists’ works. It would be intellectually foolish to ignore artists’ words about their works when trying to interpret those works. Barrets book does not assert, however, that the work necessarily means what the artist wants it to mean. To believe that a work of art means what its maker meant it to mean is to adhere to what is

neg: Turing test human from the automaton. Descartes fails to consider the possibility that future automata might be able to overcome such insufficiency, and so does not propose the Turing test as such, even if he prefigures its conceptual framework and criterion. Denis Diderot formulates in his "Pensées philosophiques" a Turing-test criterion: "If they find a parrot who could answer to everything, I would claim it to be an intelligent being without hesitation." This does not mean he agrees with this, but that it was already a common argument of materialists at that time. According to dualism, the mind is non-physical (or, at

neg: Night of the Blood Beast the money and missed his opportunity. Additionally, despite winning arbitration in the writing credit matter, Gene Corman was given on-screen original story credit in "Night of the Blood Beast". When contacted by the distributor, American International Pictures, he was told removing Corman's credit would mean recalling all of the prints and changing them, which would have cost thousands of dollars, and Varno agreed to allow it to remain unchanged. "Night at the Blood Beast" was distributed by American International Pictures. It was test-screened for audiences in unadvertised sneak previews, in which audiences attending a different film were surprised with a

neg: Wine Seder, it is a Rabbinic obligation of adults to drink four cups of wine. In the Tabernacle and in the Temple in Jerusalem, the libation of wine was part of the sacrificial service. Note that this does not mean that wine is a symbol of blood, a common misconception that contributes to the Christian myth of the blood libel. "It has been one of history's cruel ironies that the blood libel—accusations against Jews using the blood of murdered gentile children for the making of wine and matzot—became the false pretext for numerous pogroms. And due to the danger, those who

neg: OraQuick Test System provide confidential counseling and treatment referrals. The main differences are that OraQuick does not require blood and presents results within 40 minutes, whereas Home Access HIV-1 Test System requires mailing a blood sample to a laboratory which would then have results available anonymously via telephone within 3 to 7 business days. The laboratory would also do an automatic follow-up test if the initial result was positive, also included in the reports. OraQuick OraQuick is an at-home HIV test manufactured by Orasure Technologies and approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration in 2012. It is one of

neg: Circulating endothelial cell quantified. Although levels vary between individuals, a study observed a mean of 40.6 cell/ml in individuals who suffered a heart attack . In comparison, 0.4 cells/ ml were found in healthy individuals The High-Definition Circulating Endothelial Cell (HD-CEC) assay is a novel fluid biopsy test which detects endothelial cells in the blood of patients who have recently suffered a heart attack. Though not yet approved by the FDA, this test has demonstrated better specificity than the FDA approved CellSearch test used to detect circulating tumour cells. CECs are known to express endothelial markers such as the blood glycoprotein von Willebrand

neg: Leonard Matlovich been looking for a gay service member with a perfect record to create a test case to challenge the military's ban on gays. Four months later, he met with Kameny at the longtime activist's Washington, D.C. home. After several months of discussion with Kameny and ACLU attorney David Addlestone during which they formulated a plan, he hand-delivered a letter to his Langley AFB commanding officer on March 6, 1975. When his commander asked, "What does this mean?" Matlovich replied, "It means Brown versus the Board of Education" – a reference to the 1954 landmark Supreme Court case outlawing racial segregation

neg: Cap Gemini SDM there bugs still present? Bugs that are found in this phase will be fixed. At the ending of this phase, the program should work properly. During the acceptance test, the end-users will test the system. They will test to see if the program does what they want it to do. They will not test every possible scenario, but they will test to see if the program does what they want and expect it to do and that it works in an easy way. Bugs that are found in this phase will be reported to the development team so that they

neg: Affirmative action in the United States that the policy was not the source of their problems. Clinton plainly outlined his stance on affirmative action, saying: Let me be clear about what affirmative action must not mean and what I won't allow it to be. It does not mean – and I don't favor – the unjustified preference of the unqualified over the qualified of any race or gender. It doesn't mean – and I don't favor – numerical quotas. It doesn't mean – and I don't favor – rejection or selection of any employee or student solely on the basis of race or gender without regard

neg: Rubin causal model subtracting the mean change under control from the mean change under treatment. Although the average causal effect is a decrease in blood pressure, the causal effect for Joe is an increase in blood pressure. Joe would never want to take the drug. How we measure the response affects what inferences we draw. Suppose that we measure changes in blood pressure as a percentage change: This measurement suggests the opposite conclusion, that the average causal effect is an increase in blood pressure. One obtains this result because the positive change in blood pressure for Joe is a larger percentage of his

neg: René Magritte of my pictures, one asks oneself this simple question, 'What does that mean?'. It does not mean anything, because mystery means nothing either, it is unknowable." Magritte's constant play with reality and illusion has been attributed to the early death of his mother. Psychoanalysts who have examined bereaved children have hypothesized that Magritte's back and forth play with reality and illusion reflects his "constant shifting back and forth from what he wishes—'mother is alive'—to what he knows—'mother is dead' ". Contemporary artists have been greatly influenced by René Magritte's stimulating examination of the fickleness of images. Some artists who have

neg: Krista Kim itself. For this reason, Techism does not mean how it sounds. It does not put technology before art but rather, sees art and technology as companions meeting the next wave of human expression – digital humanism. We are the masters of technology, and creating art is the expression of digital humanism. What does it mean to be human in the digital age, and where is the beauty in it? Many traditional practices of artisanship have remained, and they will continue to do so. Techism is not a movement that stands in opposition to older practices. Nor does it assert brusque

neg: Death of Kaja Ballo of the Scientology test that Kaja took just before she took her life. The family wanted a debate about this. What makes this so important is this test. What kind of test is this? Is it so reprehensible, and significant to what happened? If it is, I mean it's something that's extremely important to focus on." Ballo's family agreed to discuss the incident with the media. In an interview Ballo's father said he did not have issues with the case being front-page news in newspapers. Norway parliament member Inga Marte Thorkildsen weighed in on the situation, and stated to the

neg: Fecal occult blood gastrointestinal bleeding or lower gastrointestinal bleeding and warrant further investigation for peptic ulcers or a malignancy (such as colorectal cancer or gastric cancer). The test does not directly detect colon cancer but is often used in clinical screening for that disease, but it can also be used to look for active occult blood loss in anemia or when there are gastrointestinal symptoms. The stool guaiac test for hidden (occult) blood in the stool can be done at home or in the doctor's office, or can be performed on samples submitted to a clinical laboratory. Testing kits are available at pharmacies

neg: Double Dee and Steinski a rating of 8.7 from Pitchfork, and 4 stars from Rolling Stone. Steinski's 2006 compilation CD "What Does it all Mean?" contained a new track - "Number 3 on Flight 11", a meditation on the 9/11 terrorist attacks - which has been widely praised. In their reviews of "What Does it all Mean", Peter Shapiro ("Wire" magazine, June 2008) called the piece "a graceful (but still chilling) elegy to New York," while Dean Biron ("Popular Music and Society", 2009) referred to it as "one of the most remarkable pieces of music of this or any year ... [which] manages the

neg: Jerry Rothwell aren’t really any social rules. What does a connection based solely on genetics mean? Can it become the basis of a lasting ‘family’ relationship? Is it emotionally necessary for the child? And what does it mean for the biological father? I was excited about how those questions were raised for this specific group of people, connected by a single sperm donor.” Total Film claims "Donor Unknown is a skillfully constructed look at a very modern family." "Town of Runners" is a feature documentary about two girls in the Ethiopian village of Bekoji who want to become track athletes. The initial

neg: Skinned (novel) of the novel revolves around the question, "what does it mean to be human?" This is evident in many places throughout the novel, from Lia's internal struggle with accepting her new, mechanical life, to Auden's mother choosing to not "play God" before her son's birth. As reviewer Thea James says: "...there are a few interesting questions that the novel quietly raises (unconsciously, perhaps): humans in Lia’s rich and privileged world have test-tube babies, with genomes hand selected with traits they desire (boy/girl, hair/eye/skin color, intelligence, beauty, a family physical trait, emotional empathy, etc). There’s a degree of uncertainty with some

neg: The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog letters of the alphabet". Robert Baden-Powell's book "Scouting for Boys" (1908) uses the phrase as a practice sentence for signaling. The first message sent on the Moscow–Washington hotline on August 30, 1963, was the test phrase "THE QUICK BROWN FOX JUMPED OVER THE LAZY DOG'S BACK 1234567890". Later, during testing, the Russian translators sent a message asking their American counterparts, "What does it mean when your people say 'The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog?'" During the 20th century, technicians tested typewriters and teleprinters by typing the sentence. In the age of computers, this pangram is commonly used

neg: Implied consent would be diminished by the body's natural metabolic system if officers were to wait for a warrant. The Fifth Amendment only applies to interrogation and testimony and does not prohibit blood tests. The case resulted in a conviction because it was decided that blood test results do not constitute testimony, proof of a confession or any other communicative acts. In the United States, implied consent laws generally do not apply to Preliminary Breath Test (PBT) testing (small handheld devices, as opposed to evidential breath test devices). For a handheld field breath tester to be used as evidential breath testing, the

neg: Differentiable manifold what does ""f" is " mean for ? We know what that means when "f" is a function between Euclidean spaces, so if we compose "f" with a chart of "M" and a chart of "N" such that we get a map that goes from Euclidean space to "M" to "N" to Euclidean space we know what it means for that map to be . We define ""f" is " to mean that all such compositions of "f" with charts are . Once again, the chain rule guarantees that the idea of differentiability does not depend on which charts of

neg: Dudes (film) to pick up: We wound up with a movie that was both true to and exceeded the multiple genres of the script, and the script wasn't one thing or another. It's a punk rock Western; well, what does that mean? It's a modern Western; what does that mean? It also has supernatural elements, but it's got punk rock, it's got a bunch of rock and roll, it's got a human story, it's got comedy, it's got romance...so which one do we sell it as? Spheeris felt similarly upon reflection, saying that "when we were looking to get it released, the