query: who gave the word canadian its modern meaning

pos: Name of Canada shores of the Great Lakes. Later the area became two British colonies, called Upper Canada and Lower Canada until their union as the British Province of Canada in 1841. Upon Confederation in 1867, the name Canada was officially adopted for the new Dominion, which was commonly referred to as the "Dominion of Canada" until after World War II. The name "Canada" is now generally accepted as originating from the St. Lawrence Iroquoian word or , meaning "village" or "settlement". Related translations include "land" or "town", with subsequent terminologies meaning "cluster of dwellings" or "collection of huts". This explanation is historically

neg: Kaplan (surname) Kaplan (surname) Kaplan is a surname that is of ultimately Latin origins. There is also a historically unrelated surname in modern Turkey. Etymologically, the word originates from the Latin term, "capellanus" or "cappellanus", an office given to persons appointed to watch over the sacred cloak (cappa or capella) of St Martin of Tours. Its derivations were then found in many other European languages, including Yiddish, German, English, French, Polish, Norwegian, Croatian, and Hungarian. The French form derived from the old Norman French word "caplain", which gave the old French and medieval English word "chapelain", both meaning "charity priest", who was

neg: Sri Muktsar Sahib tore it up. It is a legendary belief that this gave ""mukti"", meaning freedom, to those 40 Sikhs and hence, the city got its modern-day name Muktsar, where the word ""sar"" is derived from the word ""sarovar"", meaning reservoir, with reference to the Kidrana reservoir. In the days of persecution of the Sikhs, Jassa Singh often took refuge in the jungles of Muktsar. The territories of Muktsar, Kotkapura, Mari and Mudki together with the Faridkot State, formed originally one territory, with its capital at Kotkapura. In 1807, Dewan Mokham Chand conquered the whole of this territory from Tegh Singh, and

neg: Funan in the modern languages of the region as "Vnom" (Khmer) or "Nokor Phnom" (Khmer), (Funan) (Thai), and (Vietnamese), however, the name "Funan" is not found in any texts of local origin from the period, and it is not known what name the people of Funan gave to their polity. Some scholars argued that ancient Chinese scholars transcribed the word "Funan" from a word related to the Khmer word bnaṃ or vnaṃ (modern: phnoṃ, meaning "mountain"), others however thought that "Funan" may not be a transcription at all- rather it meant what it says in Chinese, meaning something like "Pacified South".

neg: Rugelach see '. ' is almost identical in pronunciation and meaning to the Yiddish word "". Alternatively, some assert that the root is ', meaning "royal", possibly a reference to the taste. This explanation is in conflict with Yiddish usage, where the word ' () is the dominant word meaning "royal". Finally, in modern Hebrew, they are known as ' (), a post-biblical Hebrew word meaning "trailing vines", though the name ' () is still commonly used by Hebrew speakers. The Yiddish word "" probably came first. The modern Hebrew is probably a neologism, chosen for its similarity to the Yiddish

neg: Nigel derive from the Latin ', meaning "black"; however, this is now considered an example of an incorrect etymology created by French-speaking clerics, who knew Latin as well, to translate the Norman first name "Neel" in the Latin written documents. The Latin word ' gave birth to Old French ' (modern ""), meaning “niello, black enamel” and it explains the confusion, because the clerics believed it was the same etymology as the first name "Neel", spelled the same way. The Old Norman first name "Neel" (modern surname "Néel") derives from the Norse "Njáll". The Norse "Njáll", in turn, is derived from

neg: Navarch to grand admiral or admiral of the fleet, existed, and was held only by the reigning monarch (Kings George II, Paul and Constantine II). Navarch Navarch (; pronounced "návarchos") is a Greek word meaning "leader of the ships", which in some states became the title of an office equivalent to that of a modern admiral. Not all states gave their naval commanders such a title. Athens, for instance, placed its fleet under the command of generals ("strategoi") holding the same title as those who commanded its land forces. Such command structures reflected the fact that, especially early in the Classical

neg: Navarch Navarch Navarch (; pronounced "návarchos") is a Greek word meaning "leader of the ships", which in some states became the title of an office equivalent to that of a modern admiral. Not all states gave their naval commanders such a title. Athens, for instance, placed its fleet under the command of generals ("strategoi") holding the same title as those who commanded its land forces. Such command structures reflected the fact that, especially early in the Classical period, fleets operated in close conjunction with land forces, and indeed, the title of navarch did not begin to appear until the time of

neg: Cross its genitive "crucis"), "stake, cross". The English verb "to cross" arises from the noun c. 1200, first in the sense "to make the sign of the cross"; the generic meaning "to intersect" develops in the 15th century. The Latin word was, however, influenced by popular etymology by a native Germanic word reconstructed as "*krukjo" (English "crook", Old English "crycce", Old Norse "krokr", Old High German "krucka"). This word, by conflation with Latin "crux", gave rise to Old French "crocier" (modern French "crosse"), the term for a shepherd's crook, adopted in English as crosier. Latin "crux" referred to the gibbet where

neg: Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten thus good and bad art, linking good taste with beauty. By trying to develop an idea of good and bad taste, he also in turn generated philosophical debate around this new meaning of aesthetics. Without it, there would be no basis for aesthetic debate as there would be no objective criterion, basis for comparison, or reason from which one could develop an objective argument. Baumgarten appropriated the word "aesthetics", which had always meant "sensation", to mean taste or "sense" of beauty. In so doing, he gave the word a different significance, thereby inventing its modern usage. The word had been

neg: Snotingas Snotingas The Snotingas were an Anglian tribe who either took their name from a chieftain called "Snot" or "Snod", or from the word "Snottenga", meaning "caves". The Snotingas occupied the settlement of Snottengaham or Snodengaham (modern Nottingham). The Snotingas gave their name to the settlements of Nottingham, first recorded as Snotengaham, and nearby Sneinton, first recorded as "Snotinton". Nottingham's St Mary's Church was probably established as a minster as early as the late 7th century, and the extent of its minster parish is likely to represent the original extent of the territory of the Snotingas. Although determining this area is

neg: Tennessee was located at the confluence of the Pigeon River and the French Broad River, near modern Newport. The meaning and origin of the word are uncertain. Some accounts suggest it is a Cherokee modification of an earlier Yuchi word. It has been said to mean "meeting place", "winding river", or "river of the great bend". According to ethnographer James Mooney, the name "can not be analyzed" and its meaning is lost. The modern spelling, "Tennessee", is attributed to James Glen, the governor of South Carolina, who used this spelling in his official correspondence during the 1750s. The spelling was popularized

neg: Félag Félag The word ' is constructed by the word ' (cattle, wealth) and a verbal base denoting "lay", the meaning being "to lay property together." The Old Norse word ' "companion, comrade" originally meaning "one who has with another" has resulted in the modern English word "fellow" from Old English ', Danish ' from Old Danish "felge", and Norwegian '. The modern English word "fellowship" derives from the Old Norse ' stem, adding the -ship suffix as a "condition of being", cognate with Icelandic '. The word also exists in other Germanic languages; Norwegian ', Danish ' and Dutch ".

neg: History of nursing History of nursing The word "nurse" originally came from the Latin word "nutrire", meaning to suckle, referring to a wet-nurse; only in the late 16th century did it attain its modern meaning of a person who cares for the infirm. From the earliest times most cultures produced a stream of nurses dedicated to service on religious principles. Both Christendom and the Muslim World generated a stream of dedicated nurses from their earliest days. In Europe before the foundation of modern nursing, Catholic nuns and the military often provided nursing-like services. It took until the 19th century for nursing to become

neg: Ossicles from , a diminutive of "bone" (; genitive ). The malleus gets its name from Latin "malleus", meaning "hammer", the incus gets its name from Latin "incus" meaning "anvil" from incudere meaning "to forge with a hammer", and the stapes gets its name from Modern Latin "stirrup," probably an alteration of Late Latin "stapia" related to stare "to stand" and pedem, an accusative of pes "foot", so called because the bone is shaped like a stirrup – this was an invented Modern Latin word for "stirrup," for which there was no classical Latin word, as the ancients did not use

neg: Canadian River Caddo word "káyántinu", which was the Caddos' name for the nearby Red River. The name could be of Spanish origin from the word "cañada" (meaning "glen"), as the Canadian River formed a steep canyon in northern New Mexico and a somewhat broad canyon in Texas. A few historical records document this explanation. Edward Hale, writing in 1929, considered the French origin of the name most probable. The first European to explore the Canadian River was Juan de Oñate, the Spanish Governor of New Mexico, who followed the river from its origin to the western plains of what is now Oklahoma

neg: Ordsall, Greater Manchester modern dialect word "haugh". This, indeed, describes the position of the manor of Ordsall, for its boundary on the south side is a large bend in the River Irwell, which became the site of the docks for the Manchester Ship Canal. Ordsall first appears in records in 1177 when Ordeshala paid two marks towards an aid, a feudal due or tax. Antiquarian and Geologist, Samuel Hibbert-Ware gave a different etymology for the name; "ord" is a Saxon word for "primeval" or "very old" and "hal" meaning "den" - hence the name Ordeshal could mean "very old den". His reasoning for

neg: Sadiya periods, which later gave rise to the modern form of Assamese. It is located in the Tinsukia district of the Northeast Indian state of Assam. Its stands on a grassy plain, almost surrounded by forested Himalayan mountains, on the right bank of what is locally (but erroneously) considered the main stream of the Brahmaputra river. Sadiya is famous for a flower named "satphul" (the word means "blessing" or a "desert flower"), which is much like Jasmine. The word "Sadiya" is derived from the Deori-Chutia language and it stands for "land of rising sun". "Sa/Xa" means "Sun", "Di" meaning "water" and

neg: Theory "passionate sympathetic contemplation". Pythagoras changed the word to mean a passionate sympathetic contemplation of mathematical knowledge, because he considered this intellectual pursuit the way to reach the highest plane of existence. Pythagoras emphasized subduing emotions and bodily desires to help the intellect function at the higher plane of theory. Thus, it was Pythagoras who gave the word "theory" the specific meaning that led to the classical and modern concept of a distinction between theory (as uninvolved, neutral thinking) and practice. Aristotle's terminology, as already mentioned, contrasts theory with "praxis" or practice, and this contrast remains today. For Aristotle, both practice

neg: Algorism the "decimal number system" that is still the meaning of modern English algorism. During the 17th century, the French form for the word –but not its meaning– was changed to "algorithm", following the model of the word "logarithm", this form alluding to the ancient Greek . English adopted the French very soon afterwards, but it wasn't until the late 19th century that "algorithm" took on the meaning that it has in modern English. In English, it was first used about 1230 and then by Chaucer in 1391. Another early use of the word is from 1240, in a manual titled

neg: Intimate parts in Islam Other derivatives range in meaning from blind in one eye, false or artificial, among others. Traditionally the word " 'awrat", alongside the word "za'ifeh" (which derives from Arabic "ḍa'īf" (), meaning weak) has been associated with femininity and women who lived under the protection of a man. In modern-day Iran, using the two words (" 'awrah" and "za'ifah") to refer to women is uncommon and is considered sexist language. Instead, the words "zan" and "xânom" are used. In Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, the word "za'if" is still used in the Tajik dialect of Persian and its subdialects. In Turkish, "avrat" is

neg: Snotingas complicated by the large amount of land held by St Mary's granted to Lenton Priory after the Norman Conquest, it certainly included Whiston in the north of the modern city, and probably the areas of Lenton, Radford, Basford, Arnold, West Bridgford, Wilford, Barton and Clifton. Snotingas The Snotingas were an Anglian tribe who either took their name from a chieftain called "Snot" or "Snod", or from the word "Snottenga", meaning "caves". The Snotingas occupied the settlement of Snottengaham or Snodengaham (modern Nottingham). The Snotingas gave their name to the settlements of Nottingham, first recorded as Snotengaham, and nearby Sneinton, first

neg: Ancient Greek coinage in order to discourage avarice and the hoarding of wealth. In addition to its original meaning (which also gave the diminutive ""obelisk"", "little spit"), the word "obol" (ὀβολός, "obolós", or ὀβελός, "obelós") was retained as a Greek word for coins of small value, still used as such in Modern Greek slang (όβολα, "óvola", "monies"). The obol was further subdivided into "tetartemorioi" (singular "tetartemorion") which represented 1/4 of an obol, or 1/24 of a drachm. This coin (which was known to have been struck in Athens, Colophon, and several other cities) is mentioned by Aristotle as the smallest silver coin. Various

neg: Pentagram other belief systems. The word "pentagram" comes from the Greek word πεντάγραμμον ("pentagrammon"), from πέντε ("pente"), "five" + γραμμή ("grammē"), "line". The word "pentacle" is sometimes used synonymously with "pentagram". The word "pentalpha" is a learned modern (17th-century) revival of a post-classical Greek name of the shape. In early (Ur I) monumental Sumerian script, or cuneiform, a pentagram glyph served as a logogram for the word "ub", meaning "corner, angle, nook; a small room, cavity, hole; pitfall" (this later gave rise to the cuneiform sign UB , composed of five wedges, further reduced to four in Assyrian cuneiform). The word

neg: Wheeler (surname) which derivation the modern word “weal” and “wealth” may be traced; and the Anglo-Saxon word “hari” or “heri” a warrior, a root traceable in the modern word “hero.” The present spelling of the family name “Wheeler,” therefore, is a spelling of words which in their modern form would be “Weal-Hero” or in the Anglo-Saxon words “wel-hari.” The meaning of the family name therefore is clearly “the lucky warrior,” or “the prosperous hero.” Wheeler (surname) Wheeler is a surname of English origin. It is an occupational name, describing originally one who makes or uses wheels. Another alternative for the meaning of

neg: History of nursing lines and at risk of bombing attacks. Two dozen were awarded the highly prestigious Iron Cross for heroism under fire. They are among the 470,000 German women who served with the military.<ref>Gordon Williamson, "World War II German Women's Auxiliary Services" (2003) pp 34–36</ref History of nursing The word "nurse" originally came from the Latin word "nutrire", meaning to suckle, referring to a wet-nurse; only in the late 16th century did it attain its modern meaning of a person who cares for the infirm. From the earliest times most cultures produced a stream of nurses dedicated to service on religious principles.

neg: Pretender French word "prétendre" (and before that, the Latin "praetendo" meaning "to stretch out before"), and originally meant "to put forward, to profess or claim". A pretender was, therefore, simply one who put forward or professed a claim to a title or, in modern terms, a claimant. Only later did the word acquire its modern sense of professing or claiming falsely. The term "pretender" may apply to claimants with arguably genuine rights (as the various pretenders of the Wars of the Roses who regarded the "de facto" monarch as a usurper). It may also be used for those possessing an arguable

neg: Sihuanaba in her metaphorical net of attraction. Likewise, "cigua" or "cegua", names for the spirit in Honduras and Costa Rica, also have their origin in the Nahuatl word "cihuatl", simply meaning "woman". Guatemalan historian and folklorist Adrián Recinos gave two possible origins for the word "siguanaba". In one of the 20+ languages of Guatemala, he claimed "ciguanaba" meant "naked woman" but he failed to identify the exact language of origin. In another source he claimed that its origin is the Nahuatl "ciuanauac" or "ciguanauac", meaning "concubine". In Guatemala, the word "siguanaba" has been linked to "siwan", a K'iche' Maya word meaning

neg: Decadence declines are objectively observable and that they inevitably precede the destruction of the society in question; for this reason, modern historians use it with caution. The word originated in Medieval Latin "(dēcadentia)", appeared in 16th-century French, and entered English soon afterwards. It bore the neutral meaning of decay, decrease, or decline until the late 19th century, when the influence of new theories of social degeneration contributed to its modern meaning. In literature, the Decadent movement—late nineteenth century "fin de siècle" writers who were associated with Symbolism or the Aesthetic movement—was first given its name by hostile critics. Later it was

neg: Villain the modern sense of the word, it became used as a term of abuse and eventually took on its modern meaning. The Germanic word "churl", originally meaning "a non-servile peasant" and denoting the lowest rank of freemen in Saxon society, had gone through a similar degradation, as did the word "boor" which originally meant "farmer". Vladimir Propp, in his analysis of Russian fairy tales, concluded that a fairy tale had only eight "dramatis personae", of which one was the villain, and his analysis has been widely applied to non-Russian tales. The actions that fell into a villain's sphere were: None

neg: Country "pays" that are officially recognised at some level, and are either natural regions, like the Pays de Bray, or reflect old political or economic entities, like the Pays de la Loire. A version of "country" can be found in the modern French language as "contrée", based on the word "cuntrée" in Old French, that is used similarly to the word "pays" to define non-state regions, but can also be used to describe a political state in some particular cases. The modern Italian "contrada" is a word with its meaning varying locally, but usually meaning a ward or similar small division

neg: By-law the term, which originates from the Viking town law in the Danelaw, wherein "by" is the Old Norse word for a larger settlement as in Whitby and Derby (compare with the modern Danish-Norwegian word "by" meaning town, or the modern Swedish word "by", meaning village). However, it is also possible that this usage was forgotten and the word was "reinvented" in modern times through the use of the adverbial prefix "by-" giving the meaning of subsidiary law or side-law (as in "byway"). In either case, it is incorrect to claim that the origin of the word is simply the prepositional

neg: Monokini artist's model Toni Lee Shelley, who was arrested. Some manufacturers and retailers refer to modern monokini swimsuit designs as a topless swimsuit, topless bikini, or unikini. Gernreich may have chosen his use of the word "monokini" ("mono" meaning "single") in the mistaken belief that "bikini" was a compound of bi- ("bi" meaning "two") and -kini. But that is a faulty back-formation, decomposing the word as the Latin prefix "bi-", and "kini", denoting a two-piece swimsuit. But in fact the bikini swimsuit design was named by its inventor Louis Réard after the Bikini Atoll in the Pacific, five days after Operation

neg: Wuzurgan Wuzurgan Wuzurgan (, meaning "grandees" or the "great ones"), also known by its Modern Persian form of Bozorgan (بزرگان), was the third class-rank of the four or five types of the Sasanian aristocracy. After the fall of the Sasanian Empire, they reappear under the Dabuyid dynasty. The word is the plural form of the word "wuzurg" (meaning ”big, great”), which is derived from the Old Persian word "vazarka", which is in turn derived from the Proto-Indo-European word "weǵ" (meaning “to be strong, lively, awake”). The "wuzurgan" are first mentioned in the early Sasanian period and appear in Shapur I's inscription

neg: Praxeology Praxeology Praxeology or praxiology (; ) is the study of human action, based on the notion that humans engage in purposeful behavior, as opposed to reflexive behavior like sneezing and unintentional behavior. French social philosopher Alfred Espinas gave the term its modern meaning, and its study was developed independently by two principal groups: the Austrian school created by Ludwig von Mises and the Polish school created by Tadeusz Kotarbiński. Coinage of the word "praxeology" is often credited to Louis Bourdeau, the French author of a classification of the sciences, which he published in his "Théorie des sciences: Plan de Science

neg: Beech that the modern word derives. In modern German, the word for "book" is "Buch," with "Buche" meaning "beech tree". In modern Dutch, the word for "book" is "boek," with "beuk" meaning "beech tree". In Swedish, these words are the same, "bok" meaning both "beech tree" and "book". Similarly, in Russian, the word for beech is бук ("buk"), while that for "letter" (as in a letter of the alphabet) is буква ("bukva"). The pigment bistre was made from beech wood soot. Beech litter raking as a replacement for straw in husbandry is an old nontimber practice in forest management that has

neg: Legend In its early English-language usage, the word indicated a narrative of an event. The word "legendary" was originally a noun (introduced in the 1510s) meaning a collection or corpus of legends. This word changed to "legendry", and "legendary" became the adjectival form. By 1613, English-speaking Protestants began to use the word when they wished to imply that an event (especially the story of any saint not acknowledged in John Foxe's "Actes and Monuments") was fictitious. Thus, "legend" gained its modern connotations of "undocumented" and "spurious", which distinguish it from the meaning of "chronicle". In 1866, Jacob Grimm described the fairy

neg: Yemenite Hebrew a word used in Yemen instead of the Modern Hebrew word, "minyan"; "ḥefeṣ" (), a noun meaning “desirable thing,” was used by them to describe any “book” (especially one of a prophylactic nature), although now in Modern Hebrew it means “object”; "fiqfūq" () had the connotation of “shock,” “violent agitation,” or “shaking-up,” although today, in Modern Hebrew, it has the meaning of “doubt” or “skepticism”; the word, "harpathqe" (), was used to describe “great hardships,” although in Modern Hebrew the word has come to mean “adventures.” The word "fazmūn" (), any happy liturgical poem, such as those sung on "Simhat

neg: Chaperone (social) and Miss Rhode Island on an episode of Seinfeld. Chaperone (social) A chaperone (also spelled chaperon) in its original social usage was a person who for propriety's sake accompanied an unmarried girl in public: usually she was an older married woman, and most commonly the girl's own mother. In modern social usage, a chaperon (frequent in British spelling) or chaperone (usual in American spelling) is a responsible adult who accompanies and supervises young people. By extension, the word chaperone is used in clinical contexts. The word derives figuratively from the French word "chaperon" (originally from the Late Latin "cappa", meaning

neg: Chaperone (social) Chaperone (social) A chaperone (also spelled chaperon) in its original social usage was a person who for propriety's sake accompanied an unmarried girl in public: usually she was an older married woman, and most commonly the girl's own mother. In modern social usage, a chaperon (frequent in British spelling) or chaperone (usual in American spelling) is a responsible adult who accompanies and supervises young people. By extension, the word chaperone is used in clinical contexts. The word derives figuratively from the French word "chaperon" (originally from the Late Latin "cappa", meaning "cape") which referred to a hood that was worn

neg: Tarak-juk Tarak-juk Tarak-juk (), also called uyu-juk () or milk porridge, is a type of "juk" (porridge) made with milk and rice (glutinous japonica variety). It was a part of the Korean royal court cuisine and was also patronized by "yangban" (scholarly-officials). The Korean word (, ) is a compound consisting of (, ) meaning "dairy" and (, ) meaning "porridge". The word is derived from the Korean transliteration of the Mongolian word () or Old Turkic . Cognates include modern Mongolian () and Kurdish , both meaning "cheese". As suggested by its etymology, traditional Korean "tarak" was heavily influenced by

neg: Sycophant Sycophant Sycophant was a term used in the legal system of Classic Athens but in modern English it refers to someone practicing sycophancy i.e. obedient flattery. The word sycophant has its origin in the legal system of Classical Athens. Having no police force and only a limited number of officially appointed public prosecutors, most legal cases of the time were brought by private litigants. By the fifth century BC, however, this practice had given rise to abuse by litigants who brought unjustified prosecutions. Such a litigant was called a "sycophant". The word retains the same meaning in Modern Greek, i.e.

neg: Free word-building in Interlingua of these words, but this would be undesirable. Gode stressed the principle of "clarity" in free word-building. As Gode noted, the noun "marinero" ("mariner") can be formed from the adjective "marin", because its meaning is clear. The noun "marina" meaning "navy" cannot be formed, because its meaning would not be clear from the adjective and suffix that gave rise to it. As the world's languages change, Interlingua changes with them. Each new Interlingua dictionary introduces words, and subsequent dictionaries include derivatives and compounds from those words. The developing vocabulary of Interlingua reflects its character as a living language, in practical

neg: Provisional government 1814. In 1843, American pioneers in the Oregon Country, in the Pacific Northwest region of North America established the Provisional Government of Oregon—as the U.S. federal government had not yet extend its jurisdiction over the region—which existed until March 1849. The numerous provisional governments during the Revolutions of 1848 gave the word its modern meaning: A liberal government established to prepare for elections. Numerous provisional governments have been established since the 1850s, including: Provisional governments were also established throughout Europe as occupied nations were liberated from Nazi occupation by the Allies. Provisional government A provisional government, also called a morning

neg: Dime (Canadian coin) a high steel content. Currently the dime has, as with all Canadian coins, a portrait of Queen Elizabeth II on the obverse. The reverse contains a representation of the "Bluenose", a famous Canadian schooner. The artist, Emanuel Hahn, used three ships including the "Bluenose" as his models, so the ship design is actually a composite. The coin is produced by the Royal Canadian Mint at its facility in Winnipeg. The word "dime" comes from the French word "dîme", meaning "tithe" or "tenth part", from the Latin "decima [pars]". Dime (Canadian coin) In Canada, a dime is a coin worth ten

neg: Casta a new, secular art form primarily produced in eighteenth-century Mexico. A notable exception to the secular nature of the genre is Luis de Mena's 1750 painting of Virgin of Guadalupe with castas. "Casta" is an Iberian word (existing in Spanish, Portuguese and other Iberian languages since the Middle Ages), meaning "lineage", "breed" or "race". It is derived from the older Latin word "castus", "chaste", implying that the lineage has been kept pure. "Casta" gave rise to the English word "caste" during the Early Modern Period. The idea of "purity of blood", "limpieza de sangre", originating under Moorish rule, developed in

neg: Weather vane Tractor. This landmark is located at the Canadian Tractor Museum. The term "weathervane" is also a slang word for a politician who has frequent changes of opinion. The National Assembly of Quebec has banned use of this slang term as a slur after its use by members of the legislature. Weather vane A weather vane, wind vane, or weathercock is an instrument for showing the direction of the wind. It is typically used as an architectural ornament to the highest point of a building. The word "vane" comes from the Old English word "fana" meaning "flag". Although partly functional, weather

neg: Ryes Ryes Ryes is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. Ryes was the seat of the former canton of Ryes, which included 25 communes. Since 2015, it is part of the canton of Bayeux. In 1060, Ryes was mentioned under the name Rigia. The ancient forms of its name are apparently related to the French word "raie" (Old French "roie"), deriving from the Gallo-Roman "rica", from the Gallic word "Rica" meaning a "furrow": cf. Middle Gallic "Rych", meaning a "groove", and Old Breton "rec" (modern Breton "rec'h"), meaning a "tear". The word occurred throughout

neg: Jazz (word) Jazz (word) The origin of the word jazz is one of the most sought-after word origins in modern American English. The word's intrinsic interest – the American Dialect Society named it the Word of the Twentieth Century – has resulted in considerable research and its history is well documented. "Jazz" began as a West Coast slang term around 1912. The meaning varied but it did not initially refer to music. "Jazz" came to mean jazz music in Chicago around 1915. The similarity of "jazz" to "jasm", an obsolete slang term meaning spirit, energy, and vigor, and dated to 1860 in

neg: Borough of Pendle Borough of Pendle Pendle is a local government district and borough of Lancashire, England. It adjoins the Lancashire boroughs of Burnley and Ribble Valley, the North Yorkshire district of Craven and the West Yorkshire districts of Calderdale and the City of Bradford. It has a total population of (). The name Pendle comes from the Cumbric word 'Pen' meaning hill (or head), a reference to Pendle Hill. Hence the name of the modern district derives from the prominent landmark at the west of the district, which already in the Middle Ages gave its name to the royal forest which spread

neg: Commando the word entered English, retaining its general Afrikaans meaning of a "militia unit" or a "raid". Robert Baden-Powell recognised the importance of fieldcraft and was inspired to form the scouting movement. In 1941, Lieutenant-Colonel D. W. Clarke of the British Imperial General Staff, suggested the name "Commando" for specialized raiding units of the British Army Special Service in evocation of the effectiveness and tactics of the Boer commandos. During World War II, American and British publications, confused over the use of the plural "commandos" for that type of British military units, gave rise to the modern common habit of using

neg: Alta Semita Alta Semita The Alta Semita ("High Path") was a street in ancient Rome that gave its name to one of the 14 regions of Augustan Rome. The Alta Semita brought traffic into Rome from the salt route "(Via Salaria)" that had existed since prehistoric times. The great antiquity of the street is also suggested by "semita", a Latin word usually meaning "footpath" and not used for any other Roman street. It ran most likely along the modern Via del Quirinale and , on the spine of the Quirinal Hill, creating a straight route southwest from the Porta Collina in the

neg: Attard from a surname assumed to belong to the first person who lived there. It is unclear what the word 'Attard' means. Some say it means blossoms as the word 'Attar' means fresh oil of the flowers or from the Arabic 'Atr' meaning perfume. Another derivation for the surname is the Italian town of "Atti" in Bologna. As a municipality with its own local government structure since 1994, Attard covers a surface area of about seven square kilometers. Its population, including the modern estate of Misraħ Kola and surrounding environs, is around 10,000. It comprises to its North, facing the city

neg: Oulu to e.g. Southern Sami "åulo", meaning "melted snow", "åulot" meaning "thaw" (of unknown ultimate origin). Two other word families have also been speculated to be related. The first is seen in the Northern Savo dialectal word "uula" and its Sami counterpart "oalli", both meaning "river channel". The second is the Uralic root reconstructed as *"uwa", meaning "river bed" (reflected as "vuo" in modern Finnish, also in derivatives such as "vuolas" "heavy-flowing"). To either of these roots, some Sami variety would have to be assumed having added further derivational suffixes. Oulu was founded on 8 April 1605 by King Charles IX

neg: Etymological fallacy a particular etymology. An etymological fallacy becomes possible when a word has changed its meaning over time. Such changes can include a shift in scope (narrowing or widening of meanings) or of connotation (amelioration or pejoration). In some cases, meanings can also shift completely, so that the etymological meaning has no evident connection to the current meaning. Ancient Greeks believed that there was a "true meaning" of a word, distinct from a common use. There is evidence that a similar belief existed among ancient Vedic scholars. In modern days this fallacy may be found in some arguments of language purists.

neg: Synod Synod A synod () is a council of a church, usually convened to decide an issue of doctrine, administration or application. The word "synod" comes from the Greek σύνοδος ("sýnodos") meaning "assembly" or "meeting", and it is synonymous with the Latin word "concilium" meaning "council". Originally, synods were meetings of bishops, and the word is still used in that sense in Catholicism, Oriental Orthodoxy and Eastern Orthodoxy. In modern usage, the word often refers to the governing body of a particular church, whether its members are meeting or not. It is also sometimes used to refer to a church that

neg: Information sense by Plato (and later Aristotle) to denote the ideal identity or essence of something (see Theory of Forms). 'Eidos' can also be associated with thought, proposition, or even concept. The ancient Greek word for "information" is , which transliterates ("plērophoria") from πλήρης ("plērēs") "fully" and φέρω ("phorein") frequentative of ("pherein") "to carry through". It literally means "bears fully" or "conveys fully". In modern Greek the word is still in daily use and has the same meaning as the word "information" in English. In addition to its primary meaning, the word as a symbol has deep roots in Aristotle's semiotic

neg: Prater Prater The Prater () is a large public park in Vienna's 2nd district (). The Wurstelprater amusement park, often simply called "Prater", lies in one corner of the Wiener Prater and includes the Wiener Riesenrad Ferris wheel. The name Prater derives from one or the other or possibly both Latin words ', meaning meadow, and "," meaning magistrate or lawyer, possibly via Spanish ' or Italian "". The area that makes up the modern Prater was first mentioned in 1162, when Emperor Friedrich I gave the land to a noble family called de Prato. The word "Prater" was first used

neg: Daniella Pavicic Daniella a No. 1 song award for "Every Word" in January 2009. Daniella Pavicic Daniella Pavicic (Pavičić), aka Daniella, is a Croatian-Canadian singer and songwriter, raised in Toronto. Daniella received her first No. 1 "Billboard" dance record, "Every Word" (with Ercola), in November 2008. SOCAN gave Daniella a No. 1 song award for "Every Word" in January 2009. Daniella was raised in Mississauga, a suburb of Toronto. She received her education at a Catholic school where she was active in talent shows and choirs. She played piano and the tambura, and danced Croatian folklore, ballet and modern dance. She sang

neg: Definitions of terrorism word "terrorism" was first recorded in English-language dictionaries in 1798 as meaning "systematic use of terror as a policy". Although the Reign of Terror was imposed by the French government, in modern times "terrorism" usually refers to the killing of people by non-governmental political activists for political reasons, often as a public statement. This meaning originated with Russian radicals in the 1870s. Sergey Nechayev, who founded the "People's Reprisal" (Народная расправа) in 1869, described himself as a "terrorist". German radicalist writer Johann Most helped popularize the modern sense of the word by dispensing "advice for terrorists" in the 1880s. According

neg: Scarlet-breasted fruiteater British ornithologist Philip Sclater in 1858, the scarlet-breasted fruiteater is one of eleven species in the genus "Pipreola". Its type specimen is held at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, in Philadelphia. The species is closely related to the fiery-throated fruiteater, but is found at higher elevations. There are two subspecies, which some taxonomists think represent two distinct species. The genus name given to the fruiteaters, "Pipreola", is a diminutive of "Pipra", which is the genus name Carl Linnaeus gave to the similarly shaped manakins. The specific name "frontalis" is a Modern Latin word meaning "fronted" or "browed".

neg: Purohit were two ideal types of Brahmins in those days, the royal priest or advisor ("rajpurohit", "rajguru") and the sage ("rishi") who lived in the forest and shared his wisdom only with those who asked for it." Its modern use in this sense has been described by Sumit Sarkar as a "self-conscious archaism". Purohit.org sarvapoojalu.com Purohit Purohit, in the Indian religious context, means "family priest", from "puras" meaning "front", and "hita", "placed". The word is also used synonymously with the word "pandit", which also means "priest". Tirth Purohit means the Purohits which the holy rivers or holy tanks, which maintained the

neg: Mandarin (bureaucrat) descobrimento e conquista da Índia pelos portugueses" (c. 1559). Matteo Ricci, who entered mainland China from Portuguese Macau in 1583, also said the Portuguese used the word. The Portuguese word was thought by many to be related to "mandador" ("one who commands") and "mandar" ("to command"), from Latin "mandare". Modern dictionaries, however, agree that it was in fact borrowed by Portuguese from the Malay , which ultimately came from the Sanskrit "mantri" ("Devanagari: मंत्री", meaning counselor or minister – etymologically linked to "mantra"). According to Malaysian Royal Professor Ungku Abdul Aziz, the term had its origin when the Portuguese living

neg: Friday meaning "congregation/gathering." In languages of Islamic countries outside the Arab world, the word for Friday is commonly a derivation of this: (Indonesian ', Malay ', Turkish ', Persian , "). In modern Greek, four of the words for the week-days are derived from ordinals. However, the Greek word for Friday is " () and is derived from a word meaning "to prepare" (). Like Saturday (, ) and Sunday (, ), Friday is named for its liturgical significance as the day of preparation before Sabbath, which was inherited by Greek Christian Orthodox culture from Jewish practices. Friday was formerly a

neg: Red-headed quelea science for the first time by Gustav Hartlaub in 1848, who named it "Ploceus erythrops". In 1951, Hans von Boetticher regarded the cardinal quelea and red-headed quelea sufficiently different from the red-billed quelea to create a new genus "Queleopsis". The species epithet "erythrops" derives from the Greek word ἐρυθρός (eruthros), meaning "red" and ὄψ (ops) meaning "eye" or "face", referring to the rufous or red face. Ludwig Reichenbach gave the species its first English name in 1863: red-headed dioch. Other vernacular names in the English language include pokerhead, and red-headed weaver. Its vernacular name in Swahili is "kwelea kichwa-chekundu". Based

neg: Confederation the word "confederation" has an additional, unrelated meaning. "Confederation" refers to the process of (or the event of) establishing or joining the Canadian federal state. In modern terminology, Canada is a federation and not a confederation. However, to contemporaries of the Constitution Act, 1867, "confederation" did not have the same connotation of a weakly centralized federation. Canadian Confederation generally refers to the Constitution Act, 1867 which formed the Dominion of Canada from three of the colonies of British North America, and to the subsequent incorporation of other colonies and territories. Therefore, on 1 July 1867, Canada became a self-governing dominion

neg: Orc (Middle-earth) "orcneas", which appears in the epic poem "Beowulf", and refers to one of the races who are called the "offspring of Cain" during the initial description of Grendel ("Þanon untydras ealle onwocon,/eotenas ond ylfe, ond orcneas", ll. 111–112). In a letter of 1954 Tolkien gave "orc" as "demon" and claimed he used the word because of its "phonetic suitability"—its similarity to various equivalent terms in his Middle-earth languages. In an essay on Elven languages, written in 1954, Tolkien gives meaning of 'orc' as "evil spirit or bogey" and goes on to state that the origin of the Old English word

neg: Nevėžis (river) "a river without crayfishes" because "vėžys" is the Lithuanian word for crayfish and "ne" means "no". In fact, the Nevėžis is known for its variety of fauna which include crayfish. The name etymologically comes from a Sanskrit word "vaagh" meaning "sough." A negation "ne-" was added because the river is very slow and without turbulence. The name is logical because the Nevėžis has the lowest elevation among rivers in Lithuania, and it makes many loops. The name "Nevėžis" is likely derived from a Finnish word "nevo" meaning "swamp". The upper river has swampy banks. The river gave name to many

neg: Leporella the flower are often recognisable as late as September. The fruit is a non-fleshy, glabrous, dehiscent capsule containing a large number of seeds. This orchid was first formally described in 1840 by John Lindley who gave it the name "Leptoceras fimbriata" and published the description in "A Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony". In 1971, Alex George described the genus "Leporella" and included this species. The genus name ""Leporella"" is derived from the Latin word "leporis" meaning "hare" with the diminutive suffix meaning "-ella", hence "leporella" meaning "little hare". The specific epithet "fimbriata" is a Latin word

neg: Caladenia rhomboidiformis occurs from September to October. This orchid was first described in 1930 by Edith Coleman who gave it the name "Caladenia dilatata" var. "rhomboidiformis" and published the description in "The Victorian Naturalist". In 1971, Alex George recognised it as "Caladenia longiclavata" var. "rhomboidiformis" and in 1989 and Stephen Hopper raised it to species status. The specific epithet ("rhomboidiformis") is derived from the Ancient Greek word ῥόμβος "rhombos" meaning "rhombus", the suffix "oid" meaning "likeness" and the Latin word "forma" meaning "shape" or "figure" referring to the diamond-shaped labellum of this orchid. The diamond spider orchid is found between Busselton and

neg: Rimacola Robert Brown who gave it the name "Lyperanthus ellipticus" and published the description in "Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen". In 1942 Herman Rupp changed the name to "Rimacola elliptica". The genus name ("Rimacola"), given by Rupp, is derived from the Latin word "rima" meaning "cleft" or "fissure" and "-cola" meaning "dweller". The specific epithet ("ellipticus") is derived from the Latin word "ellipsis" meaning "elliptical". "Rimacola elliptica" is mainly found in the Blue Mountains by also occurs disjunctly near Fitzroy Falls and near the coast north of Sydney. It mainly grows in sandstone fissures and on damp sandstone

neg: Fitna (word) Fitna (word) Fitna (or , pl. "; : "temptation, trial; sedition, civil strife") is an Arabic word with extensive connotations of trial, affliction, or distress. A word with important historical implications, it is also widely used in modern Arabic. One might distinguish between the meanings of " as used in Classical Arabic and the meanings of "fitna" as used in Modern Standard Arabic and various colloquial dialects. Due to the conceptual importance of "fitna" in the Qur'an, its use in that work may need to be considered separately from, though in addition to, the word's general lexical meaning in Classical

neg: Swami In Bengali, the word (pronounced ), while carrying its original meaning, also has the meaning of 'husband' in another context. The word also means 'husband' in Malay, in which it is spelled , and in Khmer and Odiya. The Thai word for 'husband', (), like the Tagalog] word for 'spouse', , are also cognates of the word. Swami In Hinduism, a swami ( ; sometimes abbreviated sw.), is an ascetic or yogi who has been initiated into a religious monastic order. The meaning of the Sanskrit root of the word is '[he who is] one with his self' ( stands

neg: Erilaz Erilaz Erilaz is a Migration period Proto-Norse word attested on various Elder Futhark inscriptions, which has often been interpreted to mean "magician" or "rune master", viz. one who is capable of writing runes to magical effect. However, as Mees (2003) has shown, the word is an ablaut variant of earl, and is also thought to be linguistically related to the name of the tribe of the Heruli, so it is probably merely an old Germanic military title (see etymology below). This word is likeliest the Proto-Germanic ancestor of Anglo-Saxon "eorl" (Modern English "earl") and its relatives, meaning "man, warrior, noble".

neg: Yakut language feature of the Yakut language itself. An example is shown in the word meaning "not": Dolgan huoq and Yakut suox. This phonetic observation gave rise to two acknowledgements: Yakut is written using the Cyrillic script: the modern Yakut alphabet, established in 1939 by the Soviet Union, consists of the usual Russian characters but with five additional letters: Ҕҕ, Ҥҥ, Өө, Һһ, Үү. Сахалыы сурук-бичигэ "Saqalıı suruk-biçige (Yakut alphabet) The typical word order can be summarized as subject – adverb – object – verb; possessor – possessed; noun – adjective. Nouns have plural and singular forms. The plural is formed with

neg: Galdieria sulphuraria bacteria, another rarity among eukaryotes. Published descriptions of thermoacidophilic unicellular algae date to the mid-19th century. The earliest description of an organism corresponding to the modern "G. sulphuraria" was published in 1899 by an Italian scientist, A. Galdieri, who gave it the name "Pleurococcus sulphurarius". The taxonomy of thermoacidophilic algae was revised in 1982, which introduced the genus Galdieria and gave the organism its modern designation. "G. sulphuraria" is the type species for this genus. The group to which "G. sulphuraria" belongs, the Cyanidiophyceae, is the most deeply branching subgroup of the rhodophyta (red algae), meaning they were the earliest

neg: Katepano Katepano The katepánō (, lit. "[the one] placed at the top", or " the topmost") was a senior Byzantine military rank and office. The word was Latinized as "capetanus/catepan", and its meaning seems to have merged with that of the Italian "capitaneus" (which derives from the Latin word "caput", meaning head). This hybridized term gave rise to the English language term "captain" and its equivalents in other languages (Capitan, Kapitan, Kapitän, El Capitán, Il Capitano, Kapudan Pasha etc.) The "katepáno" first appears in the 9th century, when it was used in the generic sense of "the one in charge" by

neg: Katepano subdivision was also adopted in the Second Bulgarian Empire. Katepano The katepánō (, lit. "[the one] placed at the top", or " the topmost") was a senior Byzantine military rank and office. The word was Latinized as "capetanus/catepan", and its meaning seems to have merged with that of the Italian "capitaneus" (which derives from the Latin word "caput", meaning head). This hybridized term gave rise to the English language term "captain" and its equivalents in other languages (Capitan, Kapitan, Kapitän, El Capitán, Il Capitano, Kapudan Pasha etc.) The "katepáno" first appears in the 9th century, when it was used in

neg: Calochilus praealtus glandular tip which is long and about wide. The column has two yellowish "eyes" joined by a faint ridge. Flowering occurs from December to February but the flowers only last between two and four days. "Calochilus praealtus" was first formally described in 2006 by David Jones from a specimen collected in Mount Kaputar National Park and the description was published in "Australian Orchid Research". The specific epithet ("praealtus") is a Latin word meaning "very high". Jones gave the species the name "Calochilus praeltus", misspelling the Greek word and mentioning that its meaning is "high altitude, elevation; in reference to its

neg: Captain at the top", or "the topmost") which was used as title for a senior Byzantine military rank and office. The word was Latinized as capetanus/catepan, and its meaning seems to have merged with that of the late Latin "capitaneus" (which derives from the classical Latin word "caput", meaning head). This hybridized term gave rise to the English language term captain and its equivalents in other languages (Capitan, Capitaine, Capitano, Capitão, Kapitan, Kapitän, Kapitein, Kapteeni, Kapten, kapitány, Kapudan Pasha, Kobtan, etc.). Captain is a rank in the British Armed Forces used by two separate rank grades: Captain Captain is a title

neg: Ryes network on 29 September 1932. Ryes Ryes is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. Ryes was the seat of the former canton of Ryes, which included 25 communes. Since 2015, it is part of the canton of Bayeux. In 1060, Ryes was mentioned under the name Rigia. The ancient forms of its name are apparently related to the French word "raie" (Old French "roie"), deriving from the Gallo-Roman "rica", from the Gallic word "Rica" meaning a "furrow": cf. Middle Gallic "Rych", meaning a "groove", and Old Breton "rec" (modern Breton "rec'h"), meaning a

neg: Sakalava people The origin of the word "Sakalava" itself is still subject to controversy, as well as its actual meaning. The most common explanation is the modern Malagasy translation of Sakalava meaning long ravines, denoting the relatively flat nature of the land in western Madagascar. Another theory is that the word is possibly from the Arabic "saqaliba", which is in turn derived from Late Latin "sclavus", meaning slave. Austronesian people started settling in Madagascar between 200 and 500 CE. They arrived by boats and were from various southeast Asian groups. Later Swahili-Arabs and Indian traders came to the island's northern regions. African

neg: Consciousness many occurrences in Latin writings of the phrase "conscius sibi", which translates literally as "knowing with oneself", or in other words "sharing knowledge with oneself about something". This phrase had the figurative meaning of "knowing that one knows", as the modern English word "conscious" does. In its earliest uses in the 1500s, the English word "conscious" retained the meaning of the Latin "conscius". For example, Thomas Hobbes in "Leviathan" wrote: "Where two, or more men, know of one and the same fact, they are said to be Conscious of it one to another." The Latin phrase "conscius sibi", whose meaning

neg: Wuzurgan Tabaristan were oppressed by Khurshid's general Karin. After the fall of the Dabuyid dynasty in 760, the "wuzurgan" are no longer mentioned in any sources. Wuzurgan Wuzurgan (, meaning "grandees" or the "great ones"), also known by its Modern Persian form of Bozorgan (بزرگان), was the third class-rank of the four or five types of the Sasanian aristocracy. After the fall of the Sasanian Empire, they reappear under the Dabuyid dynasty. The word is the plural form of the word "wuzurg" (meaning ”big, great”), which is derived from the Old Persian word "vazarka", which is in turn derived from the

neg: Teraphim derive the word from Hittite "tarpiš", "the evil daemon". Teraphim Teraphim ( "teraph"; plural: "teraphim") is a Hebrew word from the Bible, found only in the plural, of uncertain etymology. Despite being plural, "Teraphim" may refer to singular objects, using the Hebrew plural of excellence. The word "Teraphim" is explained in classical rabbinical literature as meaning "disgraceful things" (dismissed by modern etymologists), and in many English translations of the Bible it is translated as "idols", or "household god(s)", though its exact meaning is more specific than this, but unknown precisely. According to Genesis 31, Rachel takes the teraphim belonging to

neg: Obște is assumed to predate the Slavic contact, previously the word for community being cătun (cognate with Albanian katund), a word that changed its meaning in modern Romanian into "hamlet" or "mountain village". The villages, autonomous and lacking a political superstructure, employed their own defense system: the very words for village in Romanian ("sat", archaic "fsat") and Albanian ("fshat") are derived from the Latin word "fossatum", meaning "a ditch used for fortifications". Most villages were not ancient, but they were founded and discarded during successive colonization steps. As extensive farming was used, the areas with depleted soil were abandoned for new

neg: Njai positive image of the mixed-race children of "njai" and Europeans. Njai The njai (; Perfected Spelling: nyai) were women who were kept as housekeepers, companions, and concubines in the Dutch East Indies (modern-day Indonesia). In the original Balinese, the word "njai" meant "sister", but the term later took a more specific meaning. Author Rob Nieuwenhuys described the position of the njai as always subservient, being the white man's housekeeper and companion, before she was his concubine. The word "njai" (also "nyai", "njaie", "nyaie", "nyahi" or "nyi") comes from a Balinese word meaning sister. In Sundanese the term "nyai" refer to

neg: Njai Njai The njai (; Perfected Spelling: nyai) were women who were kept as housekeepers, companions, and concubines in the Dutch East Indies (modern-day Indonesia). In the original Balinese, the word "njai" meant "sister", but the term later took a more specific meaning. Author Rob Nieuwenhuys described the position of the njai as always subservient, being the white man's housekeeper and companion, before she was his concubine. The word "njai" (also "nyai", "njaie", "nyaie", "nyahi" or "nyi") comes from a Balinese word meaning sister. In Sundanese the term "nyai" refer to "miss" or young woman, while in Betawi dialect, "nyai" refer

neg: Yerba mate plant in Guaraní, language of the indigenous people who first cultivated and enjoyed mate, is , which has the same meaning as "herb". , in Portuguese, is derived from the Tupi expression, meaning something like "what keeps us alive", but a term rarely used nowadays. "Mate" is from the Quechua , a word that means container for a drink, infusion of an herb, as well as gourd. The word "mate" is used in both modern Portuguese and Spanish languages. The pronunciation of in Spanish is . The accent on the word "mate" is on the first syllable, not the second.

neg: Schmaltz cognate with the German term "Schmalz", meaning "rendered animal fat", regardless of source: both tallow and lard are considered forms of "Schmalz" in German, as is clarified butter. English usage tends to follow Yiddish, where it means poultry fat. The term "schmaltz" entered English usage through Yiddish-speaking Ashkenazi Jews who used it to refer to kosher poultry fat; the word "shmalts" is the Yiddish word for rendered chicken fat. The word is common to the High German languages, including both Yiddish and modern Standard German, and comes from Middle High German "Schmalz", a noun derived from the verb "schmelzen", meaning

neg: Slavery in India all four varnas and this inclusion of Shudras stands different from the Vedic literature. Kangle suggests that the context and rights granted to "dasa" by Kautilya implies that the word had a different meaning than the modern word slave, as well as the meaning of the word slave in Greek or other ancient and medieval civilizations. According to Arthashastra, anyone who had been found guilty of "nishpatitah" (Sanskrit: निष्पातित, ruined, bankrupt, a minor crime) may mortgage oneself to become "dasa" for someone willing to pay his or her bail and employ the "dasa" for money and privileges. Shamasastry's 1915 foundational

neg: Calenberg Castle gave its name to the Welf Principality of Calenberg. Following the Thirty Years' War it lost its military importance and was slighted. Today it is a ruin with underground vaults that are surrounded by high ramparts. The word "Feste" or "Veste" ("fort") stems, like the words "Festung" ("fortress") and "Befestigung" ("fortification") from the adjective "fest" ("strong", "firm" or "immovable"). The adjective in turn has its roots in the Middle High German and Middle Low German word "veste" and the Old High German word "festi" meaning: "fortress, castle, fortification and security of a location". The word syllables "Kal", "Kalen-", "Calen-" in

neg: Vatican Secret Archives and remained closed to outsiders until the late 19th century, when Pope Leo XIII opened them to researchers, more than a thousand of whom now examine some of its documents each year. The use of the word "secret" in the title "Vatican Secret Archives" does not denote the modern meaning of confidentiality. A fuller and perhaps better translation of the Latin may be the "private Vatican Apostolic archives". Its meaning is closer to that of the word "private", indicating that the archives are the Pope's personal property, not belonging to those of any particular department of the Roman Curia or

neg: Anamã Anamã Anamã is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Amazonas. Its population was 6,889 (2005) and its area is 2,454 km². Anamã comes from a Tupi indigenous word, meaning ""jewel of the river"", is a portmanteau of the word in Tupi-guarani [""Ãnn""], whose meaning is "jewel or emerald" and ["mãa"], which means "river", adapted through the Portuguese language. Evidences of the first modern human habitations in Anamã and neighbouring regions, occurred in the period of the first latex extraction fields (fluid withdrawn from rubber trees, raw material of natural rubber), at the beginning of the commercial exploitation of

neg: Wissenschaft rhetoric, and other subjects that were meant to promote an understanding of truth, beauty, and goodness. Kant argued persuasively that aesthetic judgments were not an area of systematic knowledge, and therefore were outside the realm of Wissenschaft. Although "Wissenschaft" and "science" were roughly comparable words in previously centuries, the word "science" in English "has narrowed its meaning incomparably, whereas Wissenschaft...has retained its broad meaning". In modern English, the word "science" refers to systematically acquired, objective knowledge that is about a particular subject (the workings of the natural world, including the people in it) and produced through a particular methodology (the

neg: Earthling English "yrþling", in the meaning "ploughman". The sense of "inhabitant of earth" is first attested in the 1590s. Its use in science fiction dates to 1949, in "Red Planet" by Robert A. Heinlein. The word "Human" has the same imposed meaning, since it originates from a PIE word "*ǵʰmṓ" "earthling" < "*dʰéǵʰōm" "earth". Compare Latin "homo" "human" and "humus" "earth, soil". Its modern use in science fiction literature contrasts "Earth" (the planet) with outer space or hypothetical other planets with sapient life. The term was often used in 1950s science fiction film and novels by aliens to express a disdainful

neg: Theodiscus "public ford" and in the exonym '. It survives as the Icelandic word ' for "people, nation", the Norwegian word ' for "people", "nation", and the word "German" in many languages including German ', Dutch ', Yiddish ', Danish ', Norwegian ', Swedish ' and Italian ". The word ', a neologism for a branch of Germanic neopaganism, is based on the Gothic form of the word, where ' took on the meaning of "pagan". Proto-Slavic borrowed the word as with the meaning "foreign" (thus the opposite of the original meaning "native"), giving rise to modern Polish ', Czech ',

neg: MFBTY a 3-person project group known as MFBTY. 2013 In January 2013, MFBTY debuted with their digital mini album, “Sweet Dream.” While the video is known for its visuals, it is also filled with Easter eggs referring to Tiger JK’s jokes with his MFBTY and DT fanbase. For example, Tiger JK is dressed as the Mad Hatter from Alice In Wonderland. The word, “Jaguatirica (meaning Ocelot, a type of wild cat),” appears in the background of one scene. This word refers to Drunken Tiger’s Brazilian following, who gave him the name. “Sweet Dream” also marked the debut of their new DJ,

neg: Schornsheim It is not a traditional Germanic personal name, nor a word for a natural feature, but rather a title, and only became a personal name through transference. "Scoran" (cognate with English "shorn", and with much the same meaning, referring to a tonsure) was a word used for priests and monks and was given boys as a name who were destined for the clergy, for whom the tonsure had long stood as a defining mark. It could well be that a clergyman of this time gave Schornsheim its name. It is assumed that one or more Frankish settlements had already arisen

neg: River Ouse, Sussex in Yorkshire, and the Great Ouse and Little Ouse in Norfolk, Suffolk and Cambridgeshire. The name may stem from the Celtic word Ūsa, which is in turn derived from the word *udso-, meaning "water". The root of this word is the Indo-European *wed-, from which the modern English words "wet" and "water" also stem. If this derivation is correct, then its name is a tautology, meaning "Water river" or "Wet river". However, the National Rivers Authority stated that the river above Lewes was called the Middewinde historically, while the river from Lewes to the sea was called "The Great River

neg: Tanning (leather) compound from which the tanning process draws its name (tannin is in turn named after an old German word for oak or fir trees, from which the compound was derived). The use of a chromium (III) solution was adopted by tanners in the Industrial Revolution. The English word for tanning is from medieval Latin "tannāre", deriv. of "tannum" (oak bark), from French "tan" (tanbark), from old-Cornish "tann" (red oak). These terms are related to a hypothetical "dʰonu" meaning "fir tree" in Proto-Indo-European. (The same word is source for Old High German "tanna" meaning fir, related to modern "Tannenbaum"). Despite the