query: where is the first caucus held for each presidential campaign

pos: United States presidential primary Hampshire. Both parties then enacted stricter timing rules for 2016: primaries and caucuses cannot start until February 1; and only Iowa, New Hampshire, South Carolina and Nevada are entitled to February contests. The primary and caucus system is the only method in which voters in Puerto Rico, Guam, and other U.S. territories can have a say in the presidential race. Under the U.S. Constitution, U.S. territories are not represented in the Electoral College, and thus voters residing in those areas are basically ineligible to vote in the general election. On the other hand, as stated above, the primaries and caucuses

pos: United States presidential election primaries and caucuses are staggered generally between January and June before the federal election, with Iowa and New Hampshire traditionally holding the first presidential state caucus and primary, respectively. Like the general election, presidential caucuses or primaries are indirect elections. The major political parties officially vote for their presidential candidate at their respective nominating conventions, usually all held in the summer before the federal election. Depending on each state's law and state's political party rules, when voters cast ballots for a candidate in a presidential caucus or primary, they may be voting to award delegates "bound" to vote for a

pos: Rand Paul to hold a caucus rather than a primary, potentially giving Paul more time to decide whether he should run for U.S. Senator or continue a potential bid for President. Paul announced the suspension of his presidential campaign on February 3, 2016, shortly after the Iowa caucus, where he finished 5th of the 12 Republicans in the race. A supporter of the Tea Party movement, Paul has described himself as a "constitutional conservative". He is generally described as a libertarian, a term he both embraced and rejected during his first Senate campaign. He supports term limits, a balanced budget amendment, and

pos: Nevada caucuses will support in choosing Republican and Democratic presidential candidates. In addition to the voting and the presidential preference choices, caucus-goers may begin the process of writing their parties’ platforms by introducing resolutions, but most of that is not dealt with until the state convention level. Unlike in a primary, the Nevada caucus does not result directly in national delegates for each candidate. Instead, caucus-goers elect delegates to county conventions, who, in turn, elect delegates to state conventions, where Nevada’s national convention delegates are selected. The process is rather similar to the better-known Iowa caucuses, which are the first caucuses to

pos: 2008 United States presidential election in Iowa that its caucus must be held at least eight days before any other meeting, caucus, or primary for the presidential nominating process. Therefore, the Iowa Caucuses have always been traditionally the leading state in the nominating process. Not only did controversy brew between the candidates, but the caucuses themselves drew a large amount of media attention. The decisions of the Iowans often affect the rest of the campaign season. Barack Obama's victory in Iowa helped establish him as one of the Democratic frontrunners of 2008 and was a first step toward his eventual nomination. The caucuses followed the regular procedures

pos: Michele Bachmann 2012 presidential campaign Michele Bachmann 2012 presidential campaign The 2012 presidential campaign of Michele Bachmann, Congresswoman of Minnesota, began in June 2011. She ran for the 2012 Republican Party nomination for president of the United States. Bachmann announced she was running for president during the CNN Republican primary debate held June 13, 2011, and made her formal announcement two weeks later in her hometown of Waterloo, Iowa. She suspended her campaign on January 4, 2012, after coming in sixth at the 2012 Iowa caucus elections. In early 2011, the media speculated about Bachmann's potential run for president. "The New Republic" called her "a

pos: Iowa caucuses their Democratic caucus, and had the first Republican caucus four years later. The Iowa Caucuses operates very differently from the more common primary election used by most other states (see U.S. presidential primary). The caucuses are generally defined as "gatherings of neighbors." Rather than going to polls and casting ballots, Iowans gather at a set location in each of Iowa's 1,681 precincts. Typically, these meetings occur in schools, churches, public libraries and even individuals' houses. The caucuses are held every two years, but the ones that receive national attention are the presidential preference caucuses held every four years. In addition

pos: John McCain 2008 presidential campaign the days leading up to the Iowa caucuses. Romney and Huckabee put much of their early efforts into Iowa, making the caucus particularly crucial for each of them. Giuliani's campaign was suffering from conflicts regarding strategy, damaging revelations about his personal life and the federal indictment of longtime ally and friend Bernard Kerik. Thompson's campaign had not gained momentum after his late entry to the race and had been described as "lackluster". Through November, McCain had put little effort into Iowa, instead focusing on New Hampshire, where he had staged a big win in his 2000 campaign. By mid-December McCain

pos: Ted Cruz 2016 presidential campaign by five percentage points at 23%. On February 1, 2016, Cruz won the first Republican nomination contest, that day's Iowa Republican caucus. Cruz held 28% of the overall vote, with Donald Trump and Marco Rubio in second and third place at 24% and 23%, respectively. This makes Cruz the first Hispanic person to win the Iowa caucus. He has been criticized by both pundits and other candidates for convincing Carson voters that Carson had quit the race, even though it was untrue at the time. Cruz later apologized to Carson twice and blamed the incident on staff, yet none were

pos: Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign Romney had in 2012. Trump also began campaigning in Iowa. Iowa is considered to be a perennial swing state. The Iowa caucus is scheduled as the earliest presidential primary election. Iowa has also been home to nonbinding straw polls held ahead of the primaries (Trump won the 2015 straw poll among Republican candidates). On June 7, President Trump delivered what the "New York Daily News" described as a “campaign-style speech” in Cincinnati, Ohio. Five days later, reports surfaced that Trump was making plans to embark on a more expansive tour that would visit several battleground states. Trump held his fifth

pos: Joe Biden 2008 presidential campaign the Iowa caucus. Seven months after the conclusion of his campaign, Biden was selected to be Democratic presidential nominee Barack Obama's vice presidential running mate. The pair won in the general election, and were sworn in on January 20, 2009. Biden had run for president once before, but his 1988 presidential campaign had lasted for only three and a half months. He had been forced to withdraw due to controversies arising over reusing other politicians' speeches without credit, and falsely recollecting parts of his academic record. Biden first mentioned his intentions to run for president for 2008 on the Don

pos: 2012 United States presidential election in Iowa Gingrich the following Monday, but it proved to be untrue, with Cain refusing to endorse any other candidates. Despite the suspension of his campaign, the Republican Party of Iowa will still report caucus vote totals for Cain. On December 10, 2011, the first of two final debates to be conducted in Iowa before the caucuses was held, and hosted by ABC News, "The Des Moines Register", and the Iowa Republican Party. The debate was the first to occur following Cain's campaign suspension, with Michele Bachmann, Newt Gingrich, Ron Paul, Rick Perry, Mitt Romney and Rick Santorum participating in the debate.

pos: Fred Karger primary or caucus ballot in six states (Michigan, Iowa, New Hampshire, Maryland, California, and Utah) and one territory (Puerto Rico), where he came in fourth place. On June 29, 2012, following the Utah Republican presidential primary and the California Democratic presidential primary, Karger officially ended his campaign. A documentary about Karger's presidential campaign, "Fred", premiered at the Monadnock International Film Festival on April 4, 2014. Though once an opponent of the death penalty, Karger is now proponent of the practice, having affirmed his belief that the death penalty serves to deter crime and that it provides closure to victims of

pos: Bill Bradley ultimately unsuccessful, campaign for the Republican nomination; McCain had stolen Bradley's "thunder" on several occasions. Bradley was much embarrassed by his two to one defeat in the Iowa caucus, despite spending heavily there, as the unions pledged their support for Gore. He then lost the New Hampshire primary 53-47%. Bradley finished a distant second during each of the primaries on Super Tuesday. On March 9, 2000, after failing to win any of the first 20 primaries and caucuses in the election process, Bradley withdrew his campaign and endorsed Gore; he ruled out the idea of running as the vice-presidential candidate

pos: Ron Paul Paul in discussions of the Republican presidential hopefuls even when he was polling second. Ron Paul's presidential campaign managers Jesse Benton, John Tate and Demetri Kesari were all found guilty of paying former Iowa State Senator Kent Sorenson $73,000 to switch his support from Rep. Michele Bachmann to Paul. In court papers filed in August 2014, Sorenson said that he had been paid by both presidential campaigns for his endorsement and plead guilty to criminal charges stemming from the incident. Paul came in third in the Iowa Republican Caucus held on January 3, 2012. Out of a turnout of 121,503

pos: Rand Paul 2016 presidential campaign Paul with 5% of support in the Iowa Republican presidential caucus, allowing his inclusion. Paul announced on January 11 that he would not participate in that month's South Carolina debate after being relegated to the undercard one. Though not present for the debate, Paul's name was briefly shouted by protestors. On the first day of his campaign, Paul raised over $1 million. At the launch of his candidacy, Paul's campaign unveiled his official online campaign store, which caught the attention of many political media analysts with several humorously-themed items, in addition to the traditional campaign gear. Some of the items

pos: Barack Obama 2008 presidential primary campaign Shapiro until March 2008 when Samantha Power stepped down. A larger group of 250 advisers is divided into subgroups of about 20 people, each focusing on a specific area or topic. His legal affairs advisors include Martha Minow, Ronald S. Sullivan Jr., Christopher Edley Jr., Eric Holder, and Cassandra Butts. Among his field staff, Paul Tewes and Mitch Stewart led Obama's winning Iowa caucus campaign, and one or the other of them directed field operations in many other crucial states, including Nevada, Minnesota, Texas, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Indiana. Obama's campaign was notable for extensive use of a logo consisting of

pos: 2016 Iowa Republican caucuses 2016 Iowa Republican caucuses The 2016 Iowa Republican caucuses took place on February 1 in the U.S. state of Iowa, traditionally marking the Republican Party's first nominating contest in their series of presidential primaries ahead of the 2016 presidential election. The Democratic Party held its own Iowa caucuses on the same day. Ted Cruz was able to defeat Donald Trump in the Iowa Caucus by winning over evangelical and libertarian caucus-goers; Cruz won 51,666 caucus votes or 27.6%, giving him a net gain of one delegate over Trump. Mike Huckabee, the 2008 Iowa Caucus winner, dropped out following a poor

pos: Thaddeus McCotter 2012 presidential campaign addressed the Republican Leadership Conference in New Orleans and entered the event's straw poll. Out of the cast, he received two, last place among those considered. At this time, McCotter remained undecided about a run, according to his aides, though he paid $18,000 for a prime spot at the August 13 Ames Straw Poll. During a visit to Iowa, the first caucus state, McCotter announced he would reveal his campaign plans prior to the straw poll. On June 30, "Politico" reported McCotter was ready to begin a campaign. McCotter filed a presidential campaign committee statement with the Federal Election Commission

pos: Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign a customized Chevrolet Express van, nicknamed after "Scooby-Doo", going from New York to Iowa, and stopping several times along the way, including a much publicized stop at a Chipotle Mexican Grill outside Toledo, Ohio, where Clinton was not recognized by the staff. The trip gained considerable media attention and was, according to her campaign, intended as a bit of political theater. Clinton responded to very few questions from the press during the first month of her campaign. During her visits to early primary and caucus states, she did not hold any formal press conferences, and did not participate in any

pos: Barack Obama 2008 presidential primary campaign Iowa, polls released in early December revealed Obama taking the lead in that decisive state. Then, on December 8, Oprah kicked off a three-state tour supporting Obama's campaign, where she drew record-setting crowds in Iowa, New Hampshire, and South Carolina and was described as "more cogent, more effective, more convincing" than anyone on the campaign trail. The Oprah-Obama tour dominated political news headlines and cast doubts over Clinton's ability to recover her recently lost lead in Iowa caucus polls. Later in December, there was controversy regarding Obama's admissions of drug use as a teen. Obama first publicly acknowledged the issue

pos: Rudy Giuliani 2008 presidential campaign in the Iowa Caucus. Some political observers have opined that the Straw Poll results are bought by campaigns. Giuliani had emerged as the frontrunner after overtaking John McCain in the polls. With the exposure and eventual entrance of Fred Thompson into the field, Giuliani's poll numbers began to drop. But he held on to his status as frontrunner. According to the CBS News Poll taken June 26–28, Giuliani held the lead over Thompson 34% to 21%. In the second quarter, Giuliani revealed that he raised $17 million, first among Republicans and third overall behind Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton. On

pos: 2016 Democrats Abroad primary of Representatives, and also for state and local elections and ballot measures, but they cannot vote twice for a presidential candidate. Four candidates and an "uncommitted" option were printed on the Global Presidential Primary ballot PDF file, in the following name and sorting format: A "Global Town Hall" online videoconference was held on February 21. The Sanders and Clinton campaigns participated. De La Fuente never appeared on the list of participants, and O'Malley withdrew from the race after the Iowa caucus on February 1. The Clinton campaign was represented by Jake Sullivan and Madeleine Albright as Clinton was absent from

pos: 2008 United States presidential election in Iowa the first African American to win the caucus. Former U.S. Senator John Edwards of North Carolina came in second place and then-U.S. Senator Hillary Clinton of New York finished third, though Clinton received more delegates than Edwards. Campaigning had begun as early as two years before the event. The Iowa Caucuses have historically been the first held in the United States. The caucus marked the traditional and formal start of the delegate selection process for the 2008 United States presidential election, and the process in which members of the Democratic Party gathered to make policy decisions. Iowa state law mandates

pos: Interregional Primary Plan Historically, the presidential primary season started slowly, ramping up several weeks after the Iowa caucuses and the New Hampshire primary. In the 2008 Presidential primary season, with competition to increase the relevance of each state's selection process, 34 states (plus the District of Columbia), have scheduled their primary or caucus process to be held in January and February, tripling the number of states voting this early than the count in the 2000 races. The interregional plan would prevent any cost savings from travel or common media markets. Each primary date would be national in geographic scope. This is directly counter

pos: 2008 Iowa Democratic caucuses held at least eight days before any other meeting, caucus, or primary for the presidential nominating process. Therefore, the Iowa Caucuses have always been traditionally the leading state in the nominating process. Not only did controversy brew between the candidates, but the caucuses themselves drew a large amount of media attention. The decisions of the Iowans often affect the rest of the campaign season. Barack Obama's victory in Iowa helped establish him as one of the Democratic frontrunners of 2008 and was a first step toward his eventual nomination. The caucuses followed the regular procedures of the Democratic Party process.

pos: Results of the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries 328,309 votes and Obama 0 votes in the disputed Michigan primary. The popular vote is easiest to tally in primary elections, where a simple vote for a candidate is recorded. In caucuses, the "popular vote" is often interpreted as the number of supporters who vote for each candidate at the conclusion of precinct-level caucuses. The table uses the official "popular vote" reported in all primary states and in the caucus states of Alaska, American Samoa, Colorado, Idaho, Minnesota, North Dakota, Nebraska, Hawaii, Wyoming, and Guam. Official numbers were not reported in the caucus states of Iowa, Nevada, Washington, and Maine.

pos: Tommy Thompson 2008 presidential campaign interview on "This Week" with George Stephanopoulos. He branded himself as a reliant conservative whose campaign was "looking good" due to the base he was attempting to establish in Iowa. The state would hold the nation's first presidential caucus in January 2008. His entrance into the race slightly increased voter's recognition of "Thompson" in polls but pollsters stated that this increase was most likely attributed to the exposure of potential candidate Fred Thompson. He remained at 2% in presidential polls, in sixth place overall behind potential candidates Newt Gingrich and Fred Thompson, but ahead of declared candidates Ron Paul, Jim

pos: Nevada caucuses Party leaders and state officials believed that switching from a primary election to a caucus would streamline Nevada's move to becoming an early contender in the nomination process. As a result of switching from a late presidential primary to an early caucus, Nevada has gained electoral prominence. Historically, New Hampshire’s primary and Iowa’s caucus have shared the electoral limelight, marking the beginning of the presidential campaign season. America's increasing ethnic diversity, urbanization, and geographic redistribution made influential political leaders come to the realization that New Hampshire and Iowa were not representative of the United States. Following the 2004 election, Senate

pos: Bill Bradley 2000 presidential campaign to high-profile endorsements and as his fundraising efforts gave him a deep war chest. However, it floundered, in part because it was overshadowed by Senator John McCain's far more attention-gaining, but ultimately unsuccessful, campaign for the Republican nomination; McCain had stolen Bradley's "thunder" on several occasions. Bradley was embarrassed by his two to one defeat in the Iowa caucus, despite spending heavily there, as the unions pledged their support for Gore. He then lost the New Hampshire primary 53-47%. Bradley finished a distant second during each of the primaries on Super Tuesday. On March 9, 2000, Bradley dropped out of

pos: Evan Bayh 2008 presidential campaign the first caucus state of Iowa, meeting with Congressman Leonard Boswell to discuss methamphetamine use. He also attended party fundraisers and met with activists during his three-day stay. While in Des Moines, Bayh stated that Democrats must gain credibility on national security, and commented that he would begin a full-fledged presidential campaign if he felt he had the means to win the Democratic nomination. Throughout the month, he visited Iowa and reflected similar rhetoric to the 2004 Kerry campaign, advocating energy independence, fair trade, lowering the federal deficit and an improved handling of the war in Iraq. He explained to

pos: Presidency of Jimmy Carter former Governor Ronald Reagan of California and former Congressman George H. W. Bush of Texas. Bush, who referred to Reagan's tax cut proposal as "voodoo economics", won the Iowa Caucus but faded later in the race. Reagan won the presidential nomination on the first ballot of the 1980 Republican National Convention and named Bush as his running mate. Meanwhile, Republican Congressman John B. Anderson, who had previously sought the Republican presidential nomination, launched an independent campaign for president. Polls taken in September, after the conclusion of the party conventions, showed a tied race between Reagan and Carter. The Carter campaign

neg: John Adams Republicans held a congressional nominating caucus and named Jefferson and Aaron Burr as their presidential choices. Jefferson at first declined the nomination, but he agreed to run a few weeks later. Federalist members of Congress held an informal nominating caucus and named Adams and Thomas Pinckney as their candidates. The campaign was for the most part confined to newspaper attacks, pamphlets and political rallies; of the four contenders, only Burr actively campaigned. The practice of not campaigning for office would remain for many decades. Adams stated that he wanted to stay out of what he called the "silly and wicked

neg: Ron Paul 2008 presidential campaign Maryland, Virginia, and Washington, DC, held their contests. Paul came in third among current candidates in each of them, receiving 6% in Maryland, 4% in Virginia, and 8% in the District of Columbia. A Fox News exit poll showed that in Virginia, 20% of independent voters voting in the Republican races voted for Paul. In the two February 19 primaries, Paul came in third in Wisconsin with 5% and fourth in Washington state's follow-up primary (8%), even though he was third in the state's caucus with 22%. Paul placed third in the caucus of Puerto Rico (4.33%), tied with Mike

neg: Al Gore on to capture the New Hampshire primary 53-47%, which had been a must-win state for Bradley. Gore then swept all of the primaries on Super Tuesday while Bradley finished a distant second in each state. On March 9, 2000, after failing to win any of the first 20 primaries and caucuses in the election process, Bradley withdrew his campaign and endorsed Gore. Gore eventually went on to win every primary and caucus and, in March 2000 even won the first primary election ever held over the Internet, the Arizona Presidential Primary. By then, he secured the Democratic nomination. On August

neg: Presidency of George Washington Constitution provided for the selection of electors, who would then elect a president. The clear favorite of Democratic-Republicans was Thomas Jefferson, although he was very reluctant to run. John Adams was the choice of a large majority of the Federalists. The Democratic-Republicans in Congress held a nominating caucus and named Jefferson and Aaron Burr as their presidential choices. Jefferson at first declined the nomination, but he agreed to run a few weeks later. Federalist members of Congress held an informal nominating caucus and named Adams and Thomas Pinckney as their candidates for president. The campaign, was, for the most part,

neg: Hillary Clinton 2008 presidential campaign for U.S. president, she was the first female candidate to have held a highly probable chance of winning the nomination of a major party, and the presidential election. She was also the first woman to be an American presidential candidate in every primary and caucus in every state. As such, remarks surrounding her gender and appearance came to the fore. In March 2006, actress Sharon Stone expressed her doubt about Clinton's presidential chances, saying "Hillary still has sexual power, and I don't think people will accept that. It's too threatening." On a similar note, on August 9, 2006, the sculpture

neg: Shirley Chisholm prominence during the 2008 Democratic presidential primaries, when Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton staged their historic "firsts" battle – where the victor would either be the first major party African-American nominee, or the first woman nominee – with at least one observer crediting Chisholm's 1972 campaign as having paved the way for both of them. In 1984, The National Black Women's Political Caucus was established during the presidential campaign of Geraldine Ferraro. African American women from various political organizations convened to set forth a political agenda emphasizing the needs of women of African descent. Chisholm was chosen as its first

neg: 2008 Nevada Republican caucuses caucus open to those who were registered 30 days before the caucus date, and 17-year-olds who are eligible to vote in the general election in November. As in most Republican caucuses, there are two components. First, delegates are elected from the attendees. These delegates represent the caucusgoers at the county conventions in March, and generally announce who they support for President, and why they should go to the county convention. Election of delegates is by show of hands. Then, a supporter of each campaign speaks on behalf of their candidate. Finally, a straw poll, called a "presidential preference poll", is

neg: Ron Paul 2008 presidential campaign Florida's delegates. "The Philadelphia Inquirer" noted that Paul did not campaign in the state, and he finished in fifth place with 3% of the vote. "Los Angeles Times" listed Florida as part of an eight-state radio ad campaign by Paul during January 2008. Ahead the 3-day Maine caucus before Super Tuesday, Paul was the only Republican candidate to visit the state. Paul held campaign events, including a rally at the Maine State House on January 28, 2008. The week before the caucus, Paul said that he was hoping for a "grand showing" in the state. With 74.7% of the precincts

neg: Primary elections in the United States with the Republican National Committee's (RNC) rules regarding Presidential primary elections. "No presidential primary, caucus, convention, or other meeting may be held for the purpose of voting for a presidential candidate and/or selecting delegates or alternate delegates to the national convention, prior to the first Tuesday of February in the year in which the national convention is held." In 2020, this date is February . Candidates for President who seek their party's nomination participate in primary elections run by state governments, or caucuses run by the political parties. Unlike an election where the only participation is casting a ballot, a

neg: 2012 United States presidential election in Maine released by the Maine GOP on February 17. Republicans in the town of Rome (Kennebec County) held their caucus on Thursday evening, February 16. According to a post in the unofficial "Daily Paul" blog, 3 votes were cast for Ron Paul, 2 for Rick Santorum, and 1 each for Mitt Romney and Newt Gingrich. As the Maine GOP caucuses continued on Saturday February 18, "The Bangor Daily News" and "The Portland Press Herald" reported the following results: Republicans in the town of Castine (Hancock County) held their caucus on Saturday, March 3, but presidential preferences have not yet been reported.

neg: Dennis Kucinich 2004 presidential campaign 2004 democratic caucus). He also saw a double-digit showing in Maine on February 8, where he got 16 percent in that state's caucus. On Super Tuesday, March 2, Kucinich gained another strong showing with the Minnesota caucus, where 17 percent of the ballots went to him. In his home state of Ohio, he gained nine percent in the primary. Kucinich campaigned heavily in Oregon, spending thirty days there during the two months leading up to the state's May 18 primary. He continued his campaign because "the future direction of the Democratic Party has not yet been determined" and chose to

neg: Colorado Caucus 2016 (Super Tuesday), each of the two major parties (determined by number of votes in previous election) held a caucus in each precinct. Members of both the Democratic and Republican parties chose delegates to represent their precincts at the county conventions. Additionally, Democratic party members participated in a presidential preference poll which determined the allocation of delegates based on their stated intent to vote for a given presidential candidate. Regardless of party, delegates are bound neither to their stated intent nor to the preference given by the population they were chosen by. On the weekend before March 1 caucuses both

neg: Ron Paul 2008 presidential campaign to the U.S. House, representing Texas's 14th congressional district, where Paul is being challenged for the Republican nomination by Friendswood mayor pro tem Chris Peden. Paul recognized a nearly zero chance of a brokered convention. He was determined to continue in every caucus and primary remaining and promised not to campaign for president for another party. Staffer Dan McCarthy clarified in a blog post on February 9 that Paul's presidential campaign "is not ending, not being suspended, and not even drawing down", stating that "[a] few news sources are misreporting Ron Paul's e-mail from last night." On February 11, Paul

neg: William Henry Harrison presidential campaign, 1840 came at the price of alienating many Northern Whigs. There was wide consensus in the party that a national convention was needed to decide on a presidential candidate, and in late 1837, the Whig congressional caucus agreed to work with the state parties to organize a convention. After considerable maneuvering, a convention to nominate candidates for president and vice president was called by the congressional caucus in May 1838, to be held at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania beginning on December 4, 1839. Having failed to gain much support, Webster dropped out of the race in June 1839. The Whig National Convention opened

neg: Results of the Republican Party presidential primaries, 2008 won the primary with this majority, the 20 delegates selected at the state convention will be official uncommitted delegates to the RNC. In addition, Louisiana holds an unofficial caucus on January 22, 2008 where in each of the seven districts 15 delegates where chosen to the state convention. Each district delegation is choosing three pledged delegates for the RNC. John McCain received the majority in the districts 1,2,3,6 and 7, so he won 15 pledged delegates. Caucus date: February 9, 2008<br> National delegates: 18 Washington's 18 delegates chosen at the caucus are not bound to a candidate. Washington chooses 19

neg: United States presidential debates performance that generated much-needed donations to Mondale's lagging campaign. The second presidential debate was held on October 21, 1984, where Ronald Reagan used a joke, "I will not make age an issue of this campaign. I am not going to exploit, for political purposes, my opponent's youth and inexperience", which effectively negated the age issue and stalled Mondale's momentum. Since 1976, each presidential election has featured a series of vice presidential debates. Vice presidential debates have been held regularly since 1984. Vice Presidential debates have been largely uneventful and have historically had little impact on the election. Perhaps the most

neg: Ron Paul 2008 presidential campaign Huckabee for second place in the Northern Mariana Islands caucus (4.35%), and has an unknown standing in the American Samoa caucus. In the four Republican primaries on March 4, Paul came in third in every state. He earned 5% in Texas and Ohio and 7% in Vermont and Rhode Island. Mississippi held their Republican primary on March 11, 2008. Paul finished 3rd with 4% of the vote. In three early April Minnesota state delegate conventions, Paul picked up 6 national delegates from the 12 at stake; they are allowed to vote for any candidate regardless of caucus results. The Nevada

neg: Carol Ammons Legislative Black Caucus. Ammons serves on the following committees: In April 2015, Ammons formally announced she is considering running for Congress in Illinois' 13th Congressional District. The seat is currently held by Republican Rodney Davis. Carol Ammons Carol Ammons is a Democratic member of the Illinois House of Representatives who has represented the 103rd district since January 2015. She is the first African American woman to serve in the seat, and the first from Champaign County to be elected beyond the County Board level. Ammons was one of eight candidates endorsed by Bernie Sanders during his 2016 presidential campaign. Ammons

neg: 2008 Colorado Democratic caucuses than December 5, 2007, with the exception of 18-year-olds or new citizens, who could register at the caucus site. The precinct chairs took presidential preference polls of all caucus attendees; these preference polls were reported to the media. After the preference poll, delegates were then selected among the attendees for each viable candidate, and supporters of nonviable groups could re-caucus into viable groups. Candidates were required to reach a 15-percent threshold for viability within each level of the selection process. Following the local caucuses, county conventions, congressional district conventions, and the state convention, on May 17, 2008, were held to

neg: Congressional nominating caucus candidates (prior to the ratification of the 12th Amendment in 1804 each party ran two presidential candidates). The Federalists secretly held their caucus in early May, but later made their ticket of President John Adams and Charles Cotesworth Pinckney public. The Democratic-Republicans also secretly met in May, and agreed to equally support Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr for president. The Federalists did not hold another caucus after 1800. In 1804, after the passage of the 12th Amendment, the Democratic-Republicans caucus met again. In a ballot of the caucus, George Clinton defeated John Breckinridge and was nominated as Jefferson's running mate.

neg: Chris Dodd 2008 presidential campaign Caucus on January 3, 2008. After receiving a disappointing total of 0% of the vote he ended his campaign. , He reflected on the joy he had in running for president. The Dodd campaign had raised $13,598,152 overall, spent $9,723,278 leaving $3,874,874 cash on hand. Alec Baldwin donated $2,100 during a New York fundraiser. John Lithgow and Barbra Streisand each added $1,000 and Steve Martin and Howard Stringer each gave $2,300. Jeffrey Bewkes, Lorne Michaels, Paul Simon and his wife each donated the most at $4,600 followed closely behind by Ronald Meyer who donated $4,400. Elisabeth Shue donated $1,500 and

neg: Primary election accordance with the DNC's proposed schedule (as the DNC does not have any direct control over each state's official election schedules) would be penalized by being stripped of delegates won in offending states. The "New York Times" called the move, "the biggest shift in the way Democrats have nominated their presidential candidates in 30 years." Of note regarding the DNC's proposed 2008 Presidential primary election schedule is that it contrasted with the Republican National Committee's (RNC) rules regarding presidential primary elections. "No presidential primary, caucus, convention, or other meeting may be held for the purpose of voting for a presidential

neg: 2012 Democratic Party presidential primaries on each state's law and each state's party rules, when voters cast ballots for a candidate in a presidential caucus or primary, they may be voting to actually award delegates bound to vote for a particular candidate at the state or national convention ("binding" primary or caucus), or they may simply be expressing an opinion that the state party is not bound to follow in selecting delegates to the national convention ("non-binding" primary or caucus). States are awarded bonus pledged delegates if they schedule their primary or caucus later in the primary season. Those states with April dates are awarded

neg: 2012 United States presidential election in Missouri by number of counties won Caucus results by county There were controversies surrounding the caucuses in Clay and Cass counties. The Missouri Republican Party ruled later that the slates of delegates elected at those caucuses were valid. A do-over caucus was required in St. Charles County after the first attempt disbanded over a rules dispute. Controversy also arose at the Jefferson County caucus, and a challenge was filed but later withdrawn. The following table shows who won the national delegates for each congressional district and statewide. 2012 United States presidential election in Missouri The 2012 United States presidential election in

neg: William C. Chasey United States Armed Forces, (Vietnam War Period). He received an honorable discharge May 1967. During 1979-80, Chasey served as director of domestic policy for John B. Connally's presidential campaign. He was a traveling advisor to Gov. Connally in presidential primary and caucus states. When Governor Connally withdrew from the race, Chasey became a principal advisor to the 1980 presidential campaign of Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush. Chasey created and directed the first nationwide Christian voter registration program for Candidate Ronald Reagan. He helped write all of Reagan's campaign position statements and speeches for church groups and religious organizations.

neg: Super Tuesday are dominated by two major political parties, the Democratic and Republican parties, who choose their presidential candidates in nominating conventions attended by delegates from states. State law determines how each parties' delegates are chosen in that state including by either a primary election or a caucus and on what date those contests are held. State governments are free to choose whichever date they want for their states' primary or caucus. With the broadened use of the modern presidential primary system (following the chaotic 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago), states have tried to increase their influence in the nomination process.

neg: Liberty Caucus in Washington, D.C. every Thursday for a group of Republican members of the House of Representatives that he called the Liberty Caucus. The group was in close association with the political action committee the Republican Liberty Caucus and "support[ed] individual rights, limited government and free enterprise". Past attendees of this luncheon include: After the 112th Congress began and Ron Paul switched his focus to his presidential campaign, his luncheon was replaced by a formal congressional member organization called the House Liberty Caucus and chaired by Justin Amash. In June 2014, the caucus supported Raúl Labrador's campaign for House Majority Leader.

neg: Hillary Clinton 2008 presidential primary campaign an official letter of complaint with the Nevada Democratic Party charging the Clinton campaign with many violations of party rules during the caucuses, based upon 1,600 complaints they had received. The Clinton camp said the Obama operation was "grasping at straws" and that they had their own complaints about Obama campaign actions during the caucuses. The issues of race that came to the forefront had no greater effect than where campaigning began for the January 26 South Carolina primary, the first to feature large African American participation in the Democratic electorate. The January 22 CNN/Congressional Black Caucus debate in Myrtle

neg: Congressional nominating caucus At the 1808 caucus, supporters of James Madison defeated attempts to nominate Clinton or James Monroe instead of Madison. Clinton was nominated as the vice presidential nominee, but Clinton criticized the legitimacy of the caucus system and both Clinton and Monroe considered running for president. The Federalists meanwhile, held a proto-national convention in New York in 1808, where they nominated Charles Cotesworth Pinckney and Rufus King. In 1812, Madison won unanimous re-nomination by the caucus. However, the Democratic-Republican members of the New York legislature denounced the caucus system as illegitimate, and instead nominated DeWitt Clinton, the nephew of George Clinton.

neg: Dennis Kucinich 2004 presidential campaign seven candidates with 1 percent of the vote. In the Mini-Tuesday primaries Kucinich finished near the bottom in most states, with his best performance in New Mexico where he received less than six percent of the vote, and still no delegates. Kucinich's best showing in any Democratic contest was in the February 24 Hawaii caucus, in which he won 31 percent of caucus participants, coming in second place to Senator John Kerry of Massachusetts and winning Maui County, one of the 4 counties won by Kucinich in either of his presidential campaigns (the other 3 were in the north carolina

neg: 2010 Brazilian presidential election The second debate was held on August 18, 2010 by internet portal UOL and newspaper "Folha de S.Paulo". It was the first presidential debate broadcast exclusively through internet in the history of the country. According to the electoral law, all free-to-air television and radio networks must carry two 50-minute time slots a day from August 17 until September 30, 2010. The time allocated to each candidate is based on the number of seats held by the parties comprising their coalition in the Chamber of Deputies. The electoral programs are considered a key campaign tool in Brazil, where TV and radio

neg: 1959 West German presidential election 1959 West German presidential election An indirect presidential election (officially the 3rd Federal Convention) was held in West Germany on 1 July 1959. For the first time in the Federal Republic, the incumbent president, Theodor Heuss, was not eligible for reelection. In the buildup to the election, Chancellor Konrad Adenauer initially declared his candidacy, but then withdrew for political reasons. The Christian Democratic Union instead nominated Heinrich Lübke. The Social Democrats nominated Carlo Schmid who had been the party's caucus chair at the Parliamentary Council. The Free Democratic Party nominated the chair of its Bundestag caucus, Max Becker. Like the

neg: Hillary Clinton 2008 presidential primary campaign be me." Soon after, in Wyoming, Obama explicitly rejected the notion, saying "You won't see me as a Vice Presidential candidate." The Wyoming Caucus was held on March 8, 2008, with Senator Obama winning by 61% of the vote compared to Clinton's 38%. President Bill Clinton and daughter Chelsea had campaigned in the state, and Hillary Clinton made a Wyoming appearance the day before the caucuses. The Clinton campaign had continued to criticize Senator Obama's inexperience with what one Clinton aide called the "kitchen sink" strategy – throwing everything at Obama in the days leading up to the March 4

neg: 2016 Guam Republican caucus after both Cruz and Kasich dropped out. 2016 Guam Republican caucus The 2016 Guam Republican caucus took place on March 12 in the U.S. territory of Guam as one of the Republican Party's primaries ahead of the 2016 presidential election. On the same day, the Republican Party held their Washington, D.C. caucus, while the Democratic Party held a caucus in the Northern Mariana Islands. The Democratic Party's own Guam caucus was held on May 7, 2016. Gov. Eddie Calvo, one of the delegates from Guam, had announced his support for Cruz prior to the March 12 Guam caucus. But, the

neg: 2016 Guam Republican caucus 2016 Guam Republican caucus The 2016 Guam Republican caucus took place on March 12 in the U.S. territory of Guam as one of the Republican Party's primaries ahead of the 2016 presidential election. On the same day, the Republican Party held their Washington, D.C. caucus, while the Democratic Party held a caucus in the Northern Mariana Islands. The Democratic Party's own Guam caucus was held on May 7, 2016. Gov. Eddie Calvo, one of the delegates from Guam, had announced his support for Cruz prior to the March 12 Guam caucus. But, the slate of delegates all committed to Trump

neg: 2008 Idaho Democratic caucuses 2008 Idaho Democratic caucuses The Idaho Democratic Presidential Caucuses were held on Super Tuesday, February 5, 2008, with 18 national delegates at stake. For the first time, caucuses were held in all 44 counties, all of them open caucuses organized at the county level rather than the precinct level. The Idaho Democratic Caucus was overwhelmingly won by Barack Obama, who won 15 of Idaho's 18 delegates, 44 of the 45 county-level caucuses, and the support of 79.54 percent of caucus attendees statewide, his largest margin of victory in any state during the 2008 Democratic Presidential Primary season. A handful of

neg: United States presidential election who have more financial resources and the institutional backing of their party's establishment. Primary and caucus reform proposals include a National Primary held on a single day; or the Interregional Primary Plan, where states would be grouped into six regions, and each of the regions would rotate every election on who would hold their primaries first. With the primary races usually over before June, the political conventions have mostly become scripted, ceremonial affairs. As the drama has left the conventions, and complaints grown that they were scripted and dull pep rallies, public interest and viewership has fallen off. After having

neg: 2016 United States presidential election in Arizona expressed their preferences for the Democratic, Republican, and Green parties' respective nominees for president. (The Libertarian Party uses a privately funded caucus to select its presidential delegates and does not allow independents to vote in its primary.) Registered members of each party only voted in their party's primary, while voters who were unaffiliated chose any one primary in which to vote, except in presidential elections. Six candidates appeared on the Democratic presidential primary ballot: Fourteen candidates appeared on the Republican presidential primary ballot: The Arizona Green Party held its primary on March 22. Jill Stein won with 82% of the

neg: Howard Dean 2004 presidential campaign Washington, Maine and Vermont. Polling throughout the primary campaign consistently showed Dean either in first place, or second behind Dick Gephardt. However, last minute surges by rivals John Kerry and John Edwards as well as negative campaigning between the Dean and Gephardt campaigns resulted in an 11th hour slump for both campaigns. In a poll released by the Des Moines Register just before Caucus Day, Dean registered in third place with 20%, behind Kerry with 26%, and Edwards with 23%, but ahead of Dick Gephardt with 18%. Throughout Caucus night, Dean was in a fight with Gephardt for third place

neg: Andrew Jackson 1828 presidential campaign elected him U.S. Senator again. By 1824, the Democratic-Republican Party had become the only functioning national party. Its Presidential candidates had been chosen by an informal Congressional nominating caucus, but this had become unpopular. In 1824, most of the Democratic-Republicans in Congress boycotted the caucus. Those who attended backed Treasury Secretary William H. Crawford for President and Albert Gallatin for Vice President. A Pennsylvania convention nominated Jackson for President a month later, stating that the irregular caucus ignored the "voice of the people" and was a "vain hope that the American people might be thus deceived into a belief that

neg: 2016 Green Party presidential primaries that Jill Stein would receive all four of this states delegates. This state's Green Party held its convention on May 21 and its presidential preference vote on May 28. The Lavender Greens, an Identity Caucus within the Green Party dedicated to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, and asexual (LGBTQIA) members, announced on June 1 that it was holding a discussion among its members over which candidate(s) will receive its two delegates. The caucus released a questionnaire filled out by candidates and directed members to a listserv where they could discuss and vote for the candidate of their choice. The

neg: John S. Tanner similar efforts in Colorado and Georgia. After both his district and state chose the former first lady, Congressman Tanner endorsed Senator Hillary Clinton's presidential campaign in April 2008. He currently works for Nashville law firm Miller & Martin and the Prime Policy Group, a lobbying firm. He became chairman of the International Conservation Caucus Foundation, a non-profit group that advocates U.S. leadership in conservation programs globally, in fall of 2011. Tanner is a member of the ReFormers Caucus of Issue One. John S. Tanner John Sumners Tanner (born September 22, 1944) is the former U.S. Representative for , serving from

neg: Nevada caucuses United States. In 2016, the Democratic caucus was held on February 20 and the Republican caucus was held on February 23. Prior to 2008, Nevada usually held primary elections, not caucuses, to choose delegates for the Democratic and Republican national convention. In both cases, these delegates then choose party nominees for the general presidential election. Many parties have held state level caucuses since the 1960s; however, 2008 was the first time both the Democratic and Republican parties held caucuses throughout the local (precinct), county, and state levels. While many states hold primary elections, relatively few states hold statewide, multilevel caucuses.

neg: Rick Becker to announce his candidacy in the 2016 North Dakota gubernatorial election. The campaign sought the endorsement of the Republican Party at its state convention, held in Fargo in April 2016. He publicly pledged to not proceed past the convention without support from the Party. Becker was endorsed by many of the top conservatives in the legislature, including Majority Caucus Leader Scott Louser. He was also endorsed by the National Association for Gun Rights and by Congressman and former presidential candidate Ron Paul. At the State Republican Convention, Becker came in second to Attorney General Wayne Stenehjem on a first and

neg: Caucus for a New Political Science after the controversial 1967 meeting, CNPS nominated a full ticket of presidential and vice-presidential candidates, as well as candidates for open Executive Council and Nominating Committee positions. The Caucus’ decision created an election scenario without precedent in APSA, and it was decided that it would be conducted by mail, and administered by the American Arbitration Association. The CNPS leadership continued throughout the 1970s to run candidates for executive offices each year, until 1979. In each of those elections, the Caucus failed to win the presidency, coming closest in 1972 when Peter Bacharach captured 49.5% of the vote. However, results would

neg: Congressional nominating caucus only presidential candidate since Washington to have been re-elected without serious opposition. In 1824, Crawford was nominated by the caucus, but three other Democratic-Republican candidates also ran for president, of whom one, John Quincy Adams, won the election. After 1824, the Democratic-Republican Party fractured between supporters of Andrew Jackson and supporters of Adams; both candidates condemned the caucus system, and no caucus was held in 1828. From 1831 onwards, the Congressional nominating caucus was replaced with national presidential nominating conventions. The Federalists and Democratic-Republicans of the early 19th century were not as organized on the state and especially federal level

neg: Debbie Willhite She helped organize Tobacco Free Kids, The Susan G. Komen “Share the Cure” campaign, and the Environmental Defense Fund. She ran the campaign of Alice Lightle for District Judge; and for Arkansas Families First. She has worked with the House Democratic Caucus Leadership since 2008. Willhite is a US Navy Veteran Willhite currently lives in Evergreen, Colorado. Debbie Willhite Debbie Willhite (born December 28, 1951) is an American Democratic political consultant and activist who has worked on six presidential campaigns, served as Policy Director for the Speaker of the House in Connecticut, and served as the National Coordinated Campaign Director

neg: United States presidential primary run the primary elections, while caucuses are private events that are directly run by the political parties themselves. A state's primary election or caucus is usually an indirect election: instead of voters directly selecting a particular person running for president, they determine the number of delegates each party's national convention will receive from their respective state. These delegates then in turn select their party's presidential nominee. The first state in the United States to hold its presidential primary was New Hampshire in 1920. Each party determines how many delegates it allocates to each state. Along with those "pledged" delegates chosen

neg: Stephen P. Gordon Paul's Alabama Media Coordinator and Bob Barr's e-Campaign manager during the 2008 presidential elections. Gordon did not run for re-election for any of his Libertarian Party positions in 2008 and is currently working with the Republican Liberty Caucus. He has served as a consultant or in a senior campaign position on multiple Republican campaigns since then. Stephen Gordon's first notable position with a political campaign was managing south Arlington County, Virginia during the Oliver North for Senate campaign. Following the Republican Revolution in 1994, Stephen Gordon became increasingly disenchanted with the Republican Party. His gradual transformation to the Libertarian Party

neg: Buddy Roemer 2012 presidential campaign of the total, coming in 7th place behind Rick Perry. He was also on the ballot in Puerto Rico, Arizona, Michigan, California and Illinois, and qualified for the Idaho caucus as well as several other states. On March 20 he came in 3rd place in Puerto Rico with 2.3% of the vote. As of May 29, 2012, he has received 21,060 votes. On May 31, 2012, Roemer announced that he was ending his campaign for the presidency. Buddy Roemer 2012 presidential campaign The 2012 presidential campaign of Buddy Roemer, 52nd Governor of Louisiana and former U.S. Representative of Louisiana began

neg: Mitt Romney 2012 presidential campaign caucuses, and, in a contest that did not actually award any delegates and did not include Newt Gingrich on the ballot, lost the Missouri primary to Santorum by a 30-point margin. Romney was initially declared the narrow winner of the Maine Caucus, but the results are now subject to a recount after several counties were not counted. Michigan and Arizona held their Presidential primaries on Tuesday, February 28, and allocated 29 and 30 Republican delegates, respectively. CNN moderated a Republican primary debate in Mesa, Arizona on February 22, 2012. The Arizona Republican primary is 'winner-take-all' and the Michigan Republican delegate

neg: African-American women in politics both the "black candidate" and the "woman candidate" in the 1972 presidential campaign and "found herself shunned by leaders from the political establishments she helped to found—the Congressional Black Caucus and the National Women's Political Caucus." Still, Chisholm was able to gain 151 votes at the Democratic National Convention, despite missing the presidential nomination. In 1993, Carol Moseley Braun became the first African American woman to be elected to the United States Senate, and the only female senator from Illinois. Braun's original spark came from her anger at incumbent Democratic senator Alan Dixon's vote to confirm Clarence Thomas after his

neg: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign attributed to Trump's anti-immigrant rhetoric. Alarm at Trump's rise prompted an increase in the number of eligible Latino immigrants who have chosen to naturalize to vote against him. Despite his poor national standing with Hispanic and Latino Americans, he had constantly garnered higher numbers from them than each of his Republican rivals, along with other minority groups.<ref name="http://www.washingtontimes.com all"></ref> At the same time, Trump received pockets of Hispanic support, winning around 45 percent (plus or minus 10 percentage points) of the Hispanic Republican vote in the Nevada Republican caucuses (where about 8 percent of Republican caucus-goers were Hispanic), and receiving

neg: Leo Perez Minaya the Democratic National Committee (DNC) and was an active member of the DNC Hispanic Caucus. During the 2008 presidential election, he was a superdelegate. In 2008, the presidential nominee Barack Obama appointed Minaya as a member of his National Finance Committee as well as the representative of the Democratic Party in Latin America. In 2010, Minaya was appointed Trustee for the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee. During the 2016 general elections, Minaya was a member of the Latino Finance Council for the Hillary For America Campaign and appeared on television programs as a Latino surrogate for the campaign. Pérez Minaya is

neg: 2008 United States presidential election in Illinois holding a primary or caucus on Super Tuesday. Delegates from each of Illinois' 19 congressional districts are selected by direct election. In addition, the primary ballot also contains a preference poll that lists the presidential candidates. "*Candidate withdrew prior to the primary" The Illinois chapter of the Green Party held a presidential primary on February 5. There were 17 news organizations who made state-by-state predictions of the election. Here are their last predictions before election day: Obama won every single pre-election poll, and each by a double-digit margin and with at least 52% (with the exception of an ARG poll).

neg: Caucus chair times each caucus meets, the role of each caucus in aiding legislative decision-making, the interrelationships with other caucus leaders and memberships, the assignment of political and institutional duties, all vary in accordance with local traditions and personalities. Caucuses do not always function well. In Congress in the 1950s, for instance, the House Democratic Caucus met so infrequently that insurgent Democrats formed the House Democratic Study Group, led by Rep. Eugene J. McCarthy, later a U.S. Senator and Presidential candidate, to do the work of reviewing legislation now generally done by caucuses under the direction of the caucus chairmen. Caucuses have

neg: 2016 United States presidential election in the Northern Mariana Islands which to vote. The caucuses were held in March 2016. Prior to the Republican caucus, Ralph Torres, the Governor of Northern Mariana Islands, endorsed Donald Trump. The Republican caucus took place on March 15, 2016: On January 11, 2016, Northern Mariana Islander delegate Gregorio Sablan endorsed Hillary Clinton. The Democratic caucus took place on March 12, 2016. 2016 United States presidential election in the Northern Mariana Islands The Northern Mariana Islands did not participate in the November 8, 2016 general election for President of the United States, because it is a territory and not a state. However, the five non-incorporated

neg: Utah Democratic Party and sends state delegates to the Utah Democratic Party's state convention each year. County delegates are selected at caucus meetings held on the third Tuesday of March in election years (even numbered years) and serve two year terms. In April, county delegates selected at the March caucus meetings gather at their respective county conventions to select state delegates and nominate county candidates or state legislative candidates where the legislative district is entirely within their county. The Utah Democratic Party's state convention is typically held within the first two weeks of May following these county conventions in election years, but may

neg: 2016 United States presidential election in the US Virgin Islands on the Caucus results on each of the three islands: four from St Thomas and St. John jointly, and three from St. Croix. The Democratic Caucus took place on June 4, 2016. 2016 United States presidential election in the US Virgin Islands The U.S. Virgin Islands did not participate in the November 8, 2016 general election because it is a territory and not a state. However, the five non-incorporated territories that send Delegates to the House of Representatives did participate in the presidential primaries. In presidential caucuses, Virgin Islands voters expressed their preferences for the Democratic and Republican parties' respective

neg: Robert F. Kennedy 1968 presidential campaign run for the presidency merely to oppose any man, but to propose new policies. I run because I am convinced that this country is on a perilous course and because I have such strong feelings about what must be done, and I feel that I'm obliged to do all I can." Kennedy made this announcement from the same spot in the Senate Caucus Room where John F. Kennedy had announced his presidential candidacy in January 1960. McCarthy supporters angrily denounced Kennedy as an opportunist. With Kennedy joining the race, liberal Democrats thought that votes among supporters of the anti-war movement

neg: John McCain 2008 presidential campaign Washington as "a foot soldier in the Reagan Revolution", and addressed the issue of illegal immigration—one of the major issues where conservatives have attacked McCain. He said that "it would be among my highest priorities to secure our borders first", before addressing other immigration laws. February 9 saw voting in Louisiana, Kansas and Washington state. Huckabee won an easy victory in Kansas, claiming all 36 of the state's delegates to the national convention. Only 14,016 votes were cast, and the McCain campaign expressed no concern over the lightly attended caucus. However, social conservatives had a strong presence in the Kansas

neg: 2012 Northern Mariana Islands Republican caucuses 2012 Northern Mariana Islands Republican caucuses The Northern Mariana Islands Republican Caucuses for 2012 took place on March 10, 2012. Citizens of the Northern Mariana Islands send nine delegates to convention. The caucus will elect six of the nine delegates to the Republican National Convention. Delegates from the Northern Mariana Islands are not technically required to support a certain candidate at the 2012 Republican National Convention in Tampa. Matt Romney, son of Republican presidential candidate Mitt Romney, arrived in the Northern Mariana Islands to campaign on behalf of his father in the run-up to the caucus. This is the first

neg: Cuyahoga County Progressive Caucus Cuyahoga County Progressive Caucus The Cuyahoga County Progressive Caucus (CCPC) is a progressive political organization in the Greater Cleveland area, headquartered in Lakewood, Ohio. In July 2016, around the time of the Republican National Convention in Cleveland, a group of supporters of Senator Bernie Sanders' unsuccessful 2016 presidential campaign founded the Cuyahoga County Progressive Caucus on Cleveland's west side. According to CCPC co-founder and political director Steve Holecko, "When we realized Bernie would fall short, we decided to stay together. Cuyahoga County didn't have an organization with the word 'progressive' in it, so we formed the Cuyahoga County Progressive Caucus."

neg: 2016 American Samoa Republican caucus 2016 American Samoa Republican caucus The 2016 American Samoa Republican caucus took place on March 22 in the U.S. territory of American Samoa as one of the Republican Party's primaries ahead of the 2016 presidential election. On the same day, the Republican Party held a primary in Arizona and caucuses in Utah, while the Democratic Party held primaries and caucuses in three states. The Democratic Party's own Democratic Samoa caucus has already been held on March 1, 2016. The delegates were originally elected as unbound but all 9 delegates declared their support for Trump after Trump became the presumptive nominee.

neg: 2016 American Samoa Republican caucus 2016 American Samoa Republican caucus The 2016 American Samoa Republican caucus took place on March 22 in the U.S. territory of American Samoa as one of the Republican Party's primaries ahead of the 2016 presidential election. On the same day, the Republican Party held a primary in Arizona and caucuses in Utah, while the Democratic Party held primaries and caucuses in three states. The Democratic Party's own Democratic Samoa caucus has already been held on March 1, 2016. The delegates were originally elected as unbound but all 9 delegates declared their support for Trump after Trump became the presumptive nominee.

neg: 1812 United States presidential election held until after the Congressional Caucus had met, to finalize his decision. Early caucuses were held in the states of Virginia and Pennsylvania, both of which pledged their support to Madison. On May 18 a Democratic-Republican Congressional nominating caucus was held, and James Madison was formally nominated as the candidate of his party, though divisions were quite apparent; only 86 of the 134 Democratic-Republican Senators and Congressmen participated in the caucus. Seeking a northerner for a running mate (and with DeWitt Clinton remaining aloof), the caucus chose New Hampshire Governor John Langdon to balance the ticket. However Langdon declined due

neg: 2016 United States Virgin Islands Democratic caucuses percent threshold is required in order for a presidential contender to be pledged National Convention delegates. The At-Large delegates are to be pledged proportionally to presidential contenders based on the Caucus results on each of the three islands: four from St Thomas and St. John jointly, and three from St. Croix. Hillary Clinton won the Virgin Islands Democratic Caucuses. This is the only primary where Bernie Sanders receives zero delegates. In 2008, the primary of the same place was where Hillary Clinton received zero delegates. 2016 United States Virgin Islands Democratic caucuses The 2016 United States Virgin Islands Democratic caucuses

neg: 2008 Democrats Abroad primary the Democrats Abroad Delegate Selection Plan: "The binding presidential preference primary will determine the allocation of these nine (9) At-Large Delegates among the presidential candidates; the Regional Caucus will elect such Delegates based on such allocation." Caucus dates: March 15–April 11, 2008 National pledged delegate votes determined: 0 While the five pledged At-Large and pledged PLEO delegates (each with a half vote, for a total of 2½ votes) were selected at the global convention, the number allocated to each candidate was pre-determined by the results of the primary. According to the Democrats Abroad Delegate Selection Plan: "The binding presidential preference

neg: Political party committee National Committee, Green National Committee, Libertarian National Committee, and Republican National Committee are the official central organizations for their respective parties. They have the greatest role in presidential election years when they are responsible for planning the nominating convention and also spend heavily in support of their party's nominee (some of this spending is directly coordinated with the nominee's campaign; the rest is in independent expenditures). The two major parties also have two national Hill committees, controlled by their caucus leadership in each house of Congress, which work specifically to elect members of their own party to Congress. The individual