query: who is credited with being the originator of the computer

pos: History of computer science previous human clerks. Since the values stored by digital machines were not bound to physical properties like analog devices, a logical computer, based on digital equipment, was able to do anything that could be described "purely mechanical." The theoretical Turing Machine, created by Alan Turing, is a hypothetical device theorized in order to study the properties of such hardware. Charles Babbage is often regarded as one of the first pioneers of computing. Beginning in the 1810s, Babbage had a vision of mechanically computing numbers and tables. Putting this into reality, Babbage designed a calculator to compute numbers up to 8

pos: Hackers (film) he'd done some really interesting stuff with a laptop and payphones and that cracked it for me, because it made it cinematic". The character Eugene Belford uses Babbage as a pseudonym at the end of the film, a reference to Charles Babbage, an inventor of an early form of the computer. The fictional computer mainframe named the "Gibson" is a homage to cyberpunk author William Gibson and originator of the term "Cyberspace", first in his 1982 short story Burning Chrome and later in his 1984 book Neuromancer. The cast spent three weeks getting to know each other and learning how

neg: Richard Wexelblat same time. He left the computer field to become an artisanal woodturner. He is said to be the originator of Wexelblat's scheduling algorithm: "Choose two of: good, fast, cheap. He stated, "Bob Rosin said I originated this; I'm not sure. He also credited me with having been the first to refer to Occam's Razor as 'The Law of Least Astonishment'". His sons, Alan and David, and his brother Paul are also computer scientists, although Paul is now mostly retired and David is about halfway through law school. Richard Wexelblat Richard L. Wexelblat, aka Dick Wexelblat is an American an artisanal

neg: Dr. Dobb's Journal microcomputing. All of the content came from volunteer contributors, with Steve Wozniak as one of the better known of them. Other contributors included Jef Raskin, later credited as a leader in the Macintosh development; Hal Hardenberg, the originator of DTACK Grounded an early newsletter for Motorola 68000 based software and hardware; and Gary Kildall, who had created CP/M, the first disk operating system for microcomputers which was not married to proprietary hardware. Computer program source code published during the early years include: The March 1985 issue "10(3)" printed Richard Stallman's "GNU Manifesto" a call for participation in the then-new free

neg: Allen Saunders Allen Saunders Allen Saunders (April 24, 1899 – January 28, 1986) was an American writer, journalist and cartoonist who wrote the comic strips "Steve Roper and Mike Nomad", "Mary Worth" and "Kerry Drake". He is credited with being the originator of the saying, "Life is what happens while you are busy making other plans" in 1957. The saying was later popularised by John Lennon in the song "Beautiful Boy (Darling Boy)". His full name, John Allen Saunders, sometimes led to confusion with his son John (John Phillip Saunders, 1924–2003), who later continued two of his father's strips. Allen Saunders covered

neg: University of Florida College of Engineering advanced research in computer-related fields. This shift began with an engineer: UF alumnus John Vincent Atanasoff. In 1973, Atanasoff was credited as the originator of the modern computer. He had created a prototype of the first digital calculator in 1939, and it possessed many features of modern computers—a binary system, regenerative memory, logical schemes as elements of software and electronic components for storing data. Multi-disciplinary biomedical engineering research was also becoming important within the college. University of Florida materials engineers developed and patented Bioglass, the first composite material that would bind securely to bone. Engineering enrollment tripled during this era

neg: Allen Saunders to the Browne Library for Popular Culture Studies at Bowling Green State University. "Steve Roper and Mike Nomad", the enduring continuation of his first strip, finally came to an end on December 26, 2004, while "Mary Worth" still appears under Karen Moy and Joe Giella. "Kerry Drake" ended with Andriola. Allen Saunders Allen Saunders (April 24, 1899 – January 28, 1986) was an American writer, journalist and cartoonist who wrote the comic strips "Steve Roper and Mike Nomad", "Mary Worth" and "Kerry Drake". He is credited with being the originator of the saying, "Life is what happens while you are

neg: Andokides painter and one who does not. Andokides painter The Andokides Painter was an ancient Athenian vase painter, active from approximately 530 to 515 B.C. His work is unsigned and his true name unknown. He was identified as a unique artistic personality through stylistic traits found in common among several paintings. This corpus was then attributed by John D. Beazley to the Andokides Painter, a name derived from the potter Andokides, whose signature appears on several of the vases bearing the painter's work. He is often credited with being the originator of the red-figure vase painting technique. To be sure, he is

neg: Ryūkyū Kempo Ryūkyū Kempo Ryūkyū Kempo (琉球拳法) is a generic term often used to describe all forms of karate from the Ryukyu Islands, and more specifically to refer to the particular styles associated with Taika Seiyu Oyata and, without any form of endorsement by Oyata or his organization, with George Dillman. Oyata is credited with being the originator of the American use of the terms Ryukyu Kempo, tuite-jutsu and kyusho-jutsu. The name Ryūkyū Kempo was adopted by a prominent martial arts personality, George Dillman, who taught his "own" version of Oyata’s style and promoted it heavily through seminars and publications. This further

neg: Paul Pressey Paul Pressey Paul Matthew Pressey (born December 24, 1958) is an American former professional basketball player who previously was an assistant coach for the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Pressey is widely, though unofficially, credited with being the originator of the point forward position, combining the attributes of a point guard and forward. While playing small forward for the Milwaukee Bucks in the 1980s, Pressey took on many of the ball handling duties, even leading the team in assists for five straight years. He participated in the 1986 NBA Slam Dunk Contest, finishing in 6th place

neg: Paul Pressey an assistant coach for the Cleveland Cavaliers. He served in that role until 2013. In September 16, 2014; he was added to Byron Scott's coaching staff for the Los Angeles Lakers. Paul Pressey Paul Matthew Pressey (born December 24, 1958) is an American former professional basketball player who previously was an assistant coach for the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Pressey is widely, though unofficially, credited with being the originator of the point forward position, combining the attributes of a point guard and forward. While playing small forward for the Milwaukee Bucks in the 1980s, Pressey

neg: Christopher Allen Bouchillon Christopher Allen Bouchillon Christopher Allen Bouchillon (August 21, 1893 – September 18, 1968) was an American country music and blues musician from South Carolina, who is often credited with being the originator of the talking blues musical style. Bouchillon was born on August 21, 1893 to John and Hester Patterson Bouchillon in Oconee County, South Carolina and died on September 18, 1968 in West Palm Beach, Palm Beach County, Florida. Bouchillon married twice. His first marriage was to Susan Moore, with whom he had two sons, Chris Jr (c June 1920 - December 1920) and Robert Anderson Bouchillon (August 27,

neg: Seba Smith Finley Peter Dunne. He is also credited as being a forerunner of other American humorists like Will Rogers. He also penned the American folk ballad "Young Charlotte". Seba Smith is credited with the first recorded use of the word "scrumptious". He was also the originator of the saying "there is more than one way to skin a cat". Seba Smith Seba Smith (September 14, 1792 – July 28, 1868) was an American humorist and writer. He was married to Elizabeth Oakes Smith, also a writer, and he was the father of Appleton Oaksmith. Born in Buckfield, Maine, Smith graduated from

neg: Cornelius Van Til Cornelius Van Til Cornelius Van Til (May 3, 1895 – April 17, 1987) was a Dutch Christian philosopher and Reformed theologian, who is credited as being the originator of modern presuppositional apologetics. Van Til (born Kornelis van Til in Grootegast, Netherlands) was the sixth son of Ite van Til, a dairy farmer, and his wife Klasina van der Veen. At the age of ten, he moved with his family to Highland, Indiana. He was the first of his family to receive a higher education. In 1914 he attended Calvin Preparatory School, graduated from Calvin College, and attended one year at

neg: Dave Barham now arguably more famous for their lemonades. Employees wear bright red and yellow uniforms, and can sometimes be spotted mashing lemons by hand to make the restaurant's lemonade. Barham died in 1991 from cancer and left the Hot Dog on a Stick franchise to his employees, making it the nation’s only 100 percent employee owned and operated fast food restaurant chain. Dave Barham Dave Barham (June 13, 1913 – March 25, 1991) was an American business entrepreneur who founded the fast-food chain, Hot Dog on a Stick. Barham is also credited with being the originator of the stick in the

neg: Dave Barham Dave Barham Dave Barham (June 13, 1913 – March 25, 1991) was an American business entrepreneur who founded the fast-food chain, Hot Dog on a Stick. Barham is also credited with being the originator of the stick in the corn dog. Born in Bell City, Missouri, Barham lived his youth on a farm. He traveled frequently to nearby mid-western cities such as St. Louis and Chicago. In these two large cities, he was exposed to big city atmosphere. Barham's favorite snacks were the corn dogs. He figured out that, while other foods such as hamburgers and ice creams had chain

neg: Callback (telecommunications) Gene Retske. A modem allows one computer (the client) to establish a connection to another (the server) by dialing the server's telephone number. This is sometimes viewed as being insecure because there is no authentication of the call originator. One way to increase security is to enforce a modem callback protocol, which usually proceeds as a series of steps: Sometimes callback modem setups can also be used for billback purposes, allowing the originator to avoid lengthy toll charges. Automatic ring back, to an engaged number, sometimes referred to as callback Callback (telecommunications) In telecommunications, a callback or call-back occurs when

neg: Cornelius Van Til of K. Scott Oliphint late in life. Some of Van Til's writings (ranked in order of importance by K. Scott Oliphint) include: Additionally, Eric Sigward has edited "The Works of Cornelius Van Til, 1895-1987, CD-ROM" (), a comprehensive collection of Van Til's writings in digital form that also includes images and extensive audio recordings of Van Til. Today this collection is available for the Logos Bible Software. Cornelius Van Til Cornelius Van Til (May 3, 1895 – April 17, 1987) was a Dutch Christian philosopher and Reformed theologian, who is credited as being the originator of modern presuppositional apologetics. Van

neg: Munchi (DJ) Munchi (DJ) Rajiv Münch (born July 29, 1989), better known by his stage name Munchi, is a Dutch producer and DJ of Dominican descent, born and raised in Rotterdam, Netherlands. He is credited to have made "the first truly original work" for moombahton, taking "the sound to the next level" and being the originator of moombahcore. Even though Munchi is credited mainly for moombahton, it was his versatility and unique production style that brought him into public attention. Notably producing a wide selection of genres and incorporating these elements in his music. This is best represented in the "Murda Sound"

neg: Dandie Dinmont Terrier is thought to be partly based on James Davidson, who is credited as the originator of the modern breed. Davidson's dogs descended from earlier terrier-owning families, including the Allans of Holystone, Northumberland. There are three breed clubs in the UK supporting the breed, although it is registered as a Vulnerable Native Breed by the Kennel Club due to its low number of puppy registrations per year. The breed originates from the dogs being used in the border country of Scotland and England. During the 1600s, they were used for hunting badgers and otters. Whilst their ultimate origin remains unknown, dogs

neg: Rebecca Moore (scientist) Rebecca Moore (scientist) Rebecca Moore is an American software engineer, director of Google Earth, and director and founder of the Google Earth Outreach and Google Earth Engine computer mapping projects. Moore grew up in Roslyn, New York, with one sister and two brothers. Her father, Earle K. Moore, was a communications and civil rights lawyer in Manhattan, who won a landmark case establishing that broadcast stations must serve the interests of their viewers. Her brother, Frank C. Moore, was an artist and activist, including being an originator of the Red Ribbon project for AIDS solidarity. (Moore completed his work setting

neg: James Planché of "that form of travestie which is commonly described as 'classical'—which deals with the characteristics and adventures of gods and goddesses, heroes and heroines, of the Greek and Latin mythology and fable", a genre of which he was later credited as originator. Planché used costume for comedic effect, not by the costumes being comic, but by the incongruity of realistic historical dress being juxtaposed with the actions of the actors. For example, "Olympic Revels" opens with the gods of Olympus in classical Greek dress playing whist. By 1836 these classical burlesques had become so popular that other writers were copying

neg: Rebecca Moore (scientist) as she wouldn't have been able to have children and do her work. Rebecca Moore (scientist) Rebecca Moore is an American software engineer, director of Google Earth, and director and founder of the Google Earth Outreach and Google Earth Engine computer mapping projects. Moore grew up in Roslyn, New York, with one sister and two brothers. Her father, Earle K. Moore, was a communications and civil rights lawyer in Manhattan, who won a landmark case establishing that broadcast stations must serve the interests of their viewers. Her brother, Frank C. Moore, was an artist and activist, including being an originator

neg: Antonio Cobas Technical Director. In this role, he prepared motorcycles ridden to Grand Prix victories by Alberto Puig and Carlos Checa. He also rejoined Crivillé during his world championship winning year in 1999. Cobas died in 2004 at the age of 52. Antonio Cobas Antonio Cobas (Barcelona 1952 – April 14, 2004) was a Spanish Grand Prix motorcycle designer, constructor and mechanic who built world championship winning motorcycles. Cobas was credited with being the originator of the modern, aluminum frame chassis now used on many modern racing and production motorcycles. In the early 1980s, racing motorcycles still used steel-tubed frames developed in

neg: Antonio Cobas Antonio Cobas Antonio Cobas (Barcelona 1952 – April 14, 2004) was a Spanish Grand Prix motorcycle designer, constructor and mechanic who built world championship winning motorcycles. Cobas was credited with being the originator of the modern, aluminum frame chassis now used on many modern racing and production motorcycles. In the early 1980s, racing motorcycles still used steel-tubed frames developed in the 1950s. As motorcycle engine and tire technology progressed, motorcycle frames became more and more stressed. In 1982, Cobas developed a stronger and lighter aluminum twin-beam chassis to replace the steel backbone frames. The technology was copied by major motorcycle

neg: Harry Coonce Coonce estimated that the project would top out at about 80,000 entries. In June 2016, the number of entries surpassed 200,000. Coonce completed his PhD in 1969 at the University of Delaware with a dissertation on "A Variational Method for Functions of Bounded Boundary Rotation". Coonce presently is a retired mathematics professor of Minnesota State University, Mankato. He married Susan Schilling, a computer scientist who died in 2016. Harry Coonce Harry Bernard Coonce (born 1939) is an American mathematician notable for being the originator of the now-popular Mathematics Genealogy Project, launched in 1996, a web-based catalog of mathematics doctoral advisors

neg: Charles Palmer (journalist) editorial control with Bottomley of the publications, "National News" and "Sunday Evening Telegram". Palmer was also drama and music critic of "The People" for 20 years. He was one of the founders of the Society of Dramatic Critics which subsequently merged with the Critics Circle of the Institute of Journalists and was a member of its main organising committee. Palmer's other achievements included being associated with journalist and editor Kennedy Jones in raising the £1,000,000,000 Victory Loan and was credited as being the originator of the idea which resulted in the formation of Dudley Docker's Federation of British Industries. Palmer's

neg: Thomas Gainsborough Thomas Gainsborough Thomas Gainsborough FRSA (14 May 1727 (baptised) – 2 August 1788) was an English portrait and landscape painter, draughtsman, and printmaker. Along with his bitter rival Sir Joshua Reynolds, he is considered one of the most important British portrait artists of the second half of the 18th century. He painted quickly, and the works of his maturity are characterised by a light palette and easy strokes. Despite being a prolific portrait painter, Gainsborough gained greater satisfaction from his landscapes. He is credited (with Richard Wilson) as the originator of the 18th-century British landscape school. Gainsborough was a founding

neg: Jimmy Blanton Jimmy Blanton James Blanton (October 5, 1918 – July 30, 1942) was an American jazz double bassist. Blanton is credited with being the originator of more complex pizzicato and arco bass solos in a jazz context than previous bassists. Blanton was born in Chattanooga, Tennessee. He originally learned to play the violin, but took up the bass while at Tennessee State University, performing with the Tennessee State Collegians from 1936 to 1937, and during the vacations with Fate Marable. Blanton left university in 1938 to play full-time in St Louis with the Jeter-Pillars Orchestra. Blanton joined Duke Ellington's band in

neg: Andokides painter Andokides painter The Andokides Painter was an ancient Athenian vase painter, active from approximately 530 to 515 B.C. His work is unsigned and his true name unknown. He was identified as a unique artistic personality through stylistic traits found in common among several paintings. This corpus was then attributed by John D. Beazley to the Andokides Painter, a name derived from the potter Andokides, whose signature appears on several of the vases bearing the painter's work. He is often credited with being the originator of the red-figure vase painting technique. To be sure, he is certainly one of the earliest

neg: Jimmy Blanton Scott LaFaro and Charlie Haden in the 1960s all modern bass players drew on his innovations." Jimmy Blanton James Blanton (October 5, 1918 – July 30, 1942) was an American jazz double bassist. Blanton is credited with being the originator of more complex pizzicato and arco bass solos in a jazz context than previous bassists. Blanton was born in Chattanooga, Tennessee. He originally learned to play the violin, but took up the bass while at Tennessee State University, performing with the Tennessee State Collegians from 1936 to 1937, and during the vacations with Fate Marable. Blanton left university in 1938

neg: Keith Laws the British Neuropsychological Society, British Neuropsychiatric Association, Experimental Psychology Society. He is a section editor at BMC Psychology and an editor at PLOS ONE. Laws has been a strong critic of the use of CBT for treating the psychotic symptoms associated with schizophrenia. Laws was a former exponent of experimental music, and was a founding member of the post-punk band The The. Laws is credited by fellow founder Matt Johnson as being the originator of the band name. Laws answered an advertisement placed by Johnson in "NME" in 1978, seeking musicians to form a band. as a duo, recorded the

neg: H. Rider Haggard popularity thanks to being a main character in the "League of Extraordinary Gentlemen". Graham Greene, in an essay about Haggard, stated, "Enchantment is just what this writer exercised; he fixed pictures in our minds that thirty years have been unable to wear away." Haggard was praised in 1965 by Roger Lancelyn Green, one of the Oxford Inklings, as a writer of a consistently high level of "literary skill and sheer imaginative power" and a co-originator with Robert Louis Stevenson of the "Age of the Story Tellers". The first chapter of his book "People of the Mist" is credited with inspiring

neg: Kevin Lano Kevin Lano Kevin C. Lano (born 1963) is a British computer scientist. Kevin Lano studied at the University of Reading, attaining a first class degree in Mathematics and Computer Science, and the University of Bristol where he completed his doctorate. He was an originator of formal object-oriented techniques, and developed a combination of UML and formal methods in a number of papers and books. He was one of the founders of the Precise UML group, who influenced the definition of UML 2.0. Lano published the book "Advanced Systems Design with Java, UML and MDA" (Butterworth-Heinemann, ) in 2005. He is

neg: Hardwick Hall Hotel, Sedgefield Hardwick Hall Hotel, Sedgefield Hardwick Hall in Sedgefield, County Durham is a building of historical significance and is listed on the English Heritage Register. A major part of it was built in the late 1700s but it is possible that some of it dates from about 1634. It was the residence for many notable people for two centuries. It is now a hotel which provides accommodation and restaurant services and caters for special events particularly weddings. John Burdon (1711-1792) is credited with being the main originator of Hardwick Hall. However Pevsner believes that he built on an existing manor which

neg: Cultural pluralism incompatible with the laws or values of the dominant culture. The idea of cultural pluralism in the United States has its roots in the transcendentalist movement and was developed by pragmatist philosophers such as Horace Kallen, William James and John Dewey, and later thinkers such as Randolph Bourne. One of the most famous articulations of cultural pluralistic ideas can be found in Bourne's 1916 essay "Trans-National America". Philosopher Horace Kallen is widely credited as being the originator of the concept of cultural pluralism. Kallen's 1915 essay in The Nation, "Democracy versus the Melting Pot", was written as an argument against

neg: Sugar Ray Robinson then became the first boxer in history to win a divisional world championship five times (a feat he accomplished by defeating Carmen Basilio in 1958 to regain the middleweight championship). Robinson was named "fighter of the year" twice: first for his performances in 1942, then nine years and over 90 fights later, for his efforts in 1951. Renowned for his flamboyant lifestyle outside the ring, Robinson is credited with being the originator of the modern sports "". After his boxing career ended, Robinson attempted a career as an entertainer, but it was not successful. He struggled financially until his death

neg: Sylvan Hills, Atlanta gently rolling woodland is most appropriately named because over its entire extent the gracefully undulating knolls are covered with majestic forest trees, shading the hills and vales during the summer season, and furnishing much protection from winter blasts." In May 1924, H. A. Spencer of Norfolk, Virginia, announced the implementation of a "Cross-Town Bus" system that would run from Morningside to Sylvan Hills. The fare for riding the ten modern motor buses was 10 cents. Spencer is credited as being the originator of the cross-town bus system. Home Beautiful Show Atlanta Among the open houses for the 1925 Home Beautiful

neg: Mehmet Aziz Mehmet Aziz Mehmed Aziz was the Chief Health Inspector for the British colonial Government of Cyprus in the 1930s and 1940s who is widely credited with eradicating malaria in Cyprus. He was made a CBE by the British crown for this work in 1950. According to the London newspaper "The Times," the three-year project to eradicate malaria in Cyprus was "largely carried out by the Cypriots themselves under the skilful organization of Mr Mehmed Aziz, the island's chief health inspector, who studied with Sir Ronald Ross." Aziz was the originator of the idea and methodology to eradicate malaria in Cyprus,

neg: Sherlock Holmes (play) Holmes and Norman Shelley as Watson. In 1979 composer Raimonds Pauls and songwriter, poet Jānis Peters wrote a musical "Šerloks Holmss." It premiered in Dailes Theatre with Valentīns Skulme as Holmes and Gunārs Placēns as Watson. There was a 2006 revival, again in Dailes Theatre. Gillette's Holmes is widely credited with being the first to utter "Elementary, my dear Watson"—a phrase that never appears in Conan Doyle's stories—but the phrase cannot be definitely attributed to Gillette as its originator. The phrase that appears in the various texts ranges from "Ho! ("Sneer".) Elementary!" (1922 Samuel French text; Act II Scene II),

neg: Shields and Yarnell its artsy pedestal. Shields soon returned to California, working in Union Square, San Francisco. Shields is credited with being the originator of "The Robot" moves early in his career. In 1974, Shields appeared in Francis Ford Coppola's film "The Conversation". In 1998, Shields was recruited by the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus to serve as their Director of Clowning. Lorene Yarnell and Robert Shields met when they worked on "Fol-de-Rol", a 1972 Sid and Marty Krofft TV special that marked Shields' first TV appearance. Lorene Yarnell (also a native Angeleno) had been a dancer and actress in movies

neg: Research Academic Computer Technology Institute branches in Greece and abroad, to receive loans and to award postgraduate or post-doctoral grants. The successful course of the Institute may be credited to the management and personnel, foremost among them being the former acting directors, as it was they who set the solid foundations for the development of a contemporary scientific establishment beyond the Greek capital. Research Academic Computer Technology Institute The Research Academic Computer Technology Institute - RACTI () is a research institute in Greece under supervision of the Hellenic Ministry of Education. RACTI is also known as Computer Technology Institute (abbreviated CTI). RACTI's headquarters are located

neg: Mamuni Mayan education, and again in 1997 by the "Vaastu Vedic Research Foundation" with English commentary by S. P. Sabarathnam. MayaAsura is credited with the Surya Siddhanta, The 29 September 2003 edition of the "Deccan Herald" had an article on Mayan by R.R.Karnik, The originator of all these ancient sciences is one known as Mayasura of the same tribe that constructed the mayasabha of Mahabharata. But the period is that of Ramayana some 16,000 years ago. He is the father of Mandodari and father-in-law of Ravana. One of his niece was Sita, who had married Rama and [by] an error of judgement

neg: Manchester Mark 1 tape, but it was mathematician John von Neumann who became widely credited with defining that stored-program computer architecture, on which the Manchester Mark 1 was based. The practical construction of a von Neumann computer depended on the availability of a suitable memory device. The University of Manchester's Baby, the world's first electronic stored-program computer, had successfully demonstrated the practicality of the stored-program approach and of the Williams tube, an early form of computer memory based on a standard cathode ray tube (CRT), by running its first program on 21 June 1948. Early electronic computers were generally programmed by being rewired,

neg: Daryl Gates Daryl Gates Daryl Gates (born Darrel Francis Gates; August 30, 1926 – April 16, 2010) was the Chief of the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) from 1978 to 1992. His length of tenure was second only to that of William H. Parker. As chief of police, he took a hardline, aggressive, paramilitary approach to law enforcement. Gates is co-credited with the creation of SWAT teams with LAPD's John Nelson, who others claim was the originator of SWAT in 1965. Gates also co-founded D.A.R.E along with the Los Angeles Unified School District. After the Rodney King beating and the riots afterward,

neg: Daryl Gates as "my Rodney King scene". Daryl Gates Daryl Gates (born Darrel Francis Gates; August 30, 1926 – April 16, 2010) was the Chief of the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) from 1978 to 1992. His length of tenure was second only to that of William H. Parker. As chief of police, he took a hardline, aggressive, paramilitary approach to law enforcement. Gates is co-credited with the creation of SWAT teams with LAPD's John Nelson, who others claim was the originator of SWAT in 1965. Gates also co-founded D.A.R.E along with the Los Angeles Unified School District. After the Rodney King

neg: Colin Ronan was the originator of the reflecting telescope sometime between 1540 and 1559, over a century before Isaac Newton, who is usually credited with having built the first such telescope around 1668. For a considerable period in the 1980s and early 1990s, he collaborated with Sir Patrick Moore in lecture tours. They took the form of weekend residential symposia on single topics such as the return of Halley’s Comet. Notable and hilarious, the interplay between Ronan's sober and intellectual analysis along with Moore’s more extravagant character led frequent disagreements that were usually solved over several bottles of red wine. The weekends

neg: Lou Jacobs Lou Jacobs Johann Ludwig Jacob (January 1, 1903 – September 13, 1992), professionally known as Lou Jacobs, was a German-born American auguste clown who performed for Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus for more than 60 years. He was inducted into the International Clown Hall of Fame in 1989. He is credited with popularizing the clown car, which has been a staple of circus clown acts ever since. He is also often cited as the originator of the red rubber ball nose, which is used by many clowns today. He was the first living person to have his portrait

neg: Vacuum tube computer 1939, is now credited as the first vacuum tube computer. However it was not a general-purpose computer being able to only solve a system of linear equations and it was also not very reliable. During World War II, special purpose vacuum tube digital computers such as Colossus were used to break German and Japanese ciphers. The military intelligence gathered by these systems was essential to the Allied war effort. Also during the war, electro-mechanical binary computers were being developed by Konrad Zuse. The German military establishment during the war did not prioritize computer development. An experimental electronic computer circuit with

neg: John Koza John Koza John R. Koza is a computer scientist and a former adjunct professor at Stanford University, most notable for his work in pioneering the use of genetic programming for the optimization of complex problems. Koza co-founded of Scientific Games Corporation, a company which builds computer systems to run state lotteries in the United States. John Koza is also credited with being the creator of the 'scratch card' with the help of retail promotions specialist Daniel Bower. Koza was born in 1944 and earned a bachelor's degree in computer science from the University of Michigan, being the second person to

neg: Tom Walker (cricketer) Tom Walker (cricketer) Thomas Walker (16 November 1762 – 1 March 1831) was an English cricketer who played for Hampshire in the days of the Hambledon Club and later for Surrey. He was famous for his brilliant defensive batting. He is also credited with introducing, roundarm bowling, the predecessor of modern overarm bowling. Walker was born in Churt, near Frensham, Surrey. Known as "Old Everlasting", he was one of the greatest batsmen of the late 18th century and was also a very useful bowler. He is believed to have been the originator of the roundarm bowling style. Legend has it

neg: Cavill family Cavill family The Cavill family of Australia is known for its significant contributions to the development of the sport of swimming. Prominent family members in the sport include Frederick Cavill (1839-1927), sons Ernest Cavill (1868-1935), Charles Claude Cavill (December 19, 1870 - May 22, 1897), Percy Frederick Cavill (1875-1940), Arthur Rowland Channel (Tums) Cavill (August 24, 1877 - March 1, 1914), who is credited by sports journalist W.F. Corbett with originating the Australian crawl stroke, which now predominates in "freestyle" swimming races; and Sydney St. Leonards Cavill ("Sid") (1881 - May 5, 1945), was the originator of the butterfly stroke.

neg: Willem van der Poel said to be the originator of the Zero One Infinity rule, which suggests that software designs should not impose arbitrary limits on the number of instances of a particular entity: if more than a single instance of it is to be allowed, then the collection size should be without fixed limit. Willem van der Poel Willem Louis van der Poel (2 December 1926, The Hague) is a pioneering Dutch computer scientist, who is known for designing the ZEBRA computer. In 1950 Van der Poel obtained an engineering degree in applied science at Delft University of Technology, and in 1956 obtained

neg: Bernard Loomer the art of concentrated teaching and contagious conversation as by way of his intermittent publications." Former students of Loomer include Nancy Frankenberry, John B. Cobb Jr., Catherine Keller, and Bruce Epperly. Epperly recalls his time in Loomer's classroom: "Always wearing a white turtleneck with a pipe in his pocket, Loomer held forth. There was no telling where the class might go on any particular day. Our conversations were wide-ranging and unscripted, and we learned as much about Loomer as the “orthodoxies” of process thought." Charles Hartshorne credited Loomer as being the originator of the term "process thought" as a designation

neg: Make.believe this phrase originated and was submitted as a suggestion for a slogan for a marketing campaign, to Sony's advertising team, by an individual not connected to the Sony company. The individual was never credited with this intellectual property, nor was any payment made for it by Sony. Despite the originator attempting to contact Sony UK on a number of occasions to make a claim, no response was forthcoming. Moral pressure was also put onto Sony through the originator contributing his story to a number of blogs at the time, to no avail. To date, October 2018, no settlement has been

neg: Clinton Foundation was founded in 2005 by Bill Clinton. Doug Band, counselor to Bill, was heavily involved in the formation. Clinton has credited Band with being the originator of CGI and has noted that "Doug had the idea to do this." Band left his paid position at CGI in 2010, preferring to emphasize his Teneo business and family pursuits, but remains on the CGI advisory board. The overlap between CGI and Teneo, of which Bill was a paid advisor, drew criticism. In 2007, Bill started CGI U, which expanded the model of CGI to students, universities, and national youth organizations. CGI U

neg: Jonathan Letterman Jonathan Letterman Major Jonathan Letterman (December 11, 1824 – March 15, 1872) was an American surgeon credited as being the originator of the modern methods for medical organization in armies or battlefield medical management. In the United States, Letterman is known today as the "Father of Battlefield Medicine". His system of organization enabled thousands of wounded men to be recovered and treated during the American Civil War. Letterman was born in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, the son of a well-known surgeon. His studies were directed by a private tutor until he entered Jefferson College. He graduated from Jefferson in 1845 and Jefferson

neg: István Türr 1895, Kaiser Wilhelm II took up the term and made extensive use of it, being indeed often credited as its originator. As interpreted by the German Emperor (and subsequently, by many others) this implied a concrete threat by "Yellow Hordes" in the Far East, poised to invade and overwhelm the West by sheer numbers. This attitude to "Yellow-skinned people" had very concrete results in Wilhelm, a few years later, explicitly exhorting German troops involved in putting down the Boxer Rebellion in China to particularly ruthless and cruel conduct. There is, however, no record of Türr sharing such attitudes. In fact,

neg: Mark Gasson Mark Gasson Mark N. Gasson is a British scientist and visiting research fellow at the Cybernetics Research Group, University of Reading, UK. He pioneered developments in direct neural interfaces between computer systems and the human nervous system, has developed brain–computer interfaces and is active in the research fields of human microchip implants, medical devices and digital identity. He is widely known for his experiments transmitting a computer virus into a human implant, and is credited with being the first human infected with a computer virus. Gasson has featured on television documentaries including Through the wormhole with Morgan Freeman, international television

neg: Ishbel Hamilton-Gordon, Marchioness of Aberdeen and Temair by Gatineau locals. Out of gratitude she funded the construction of a church near the site of the accident and the Lady Aberdeen Bridge. Lady Aberdeen is credited with introducing the Golden Retriever to Canada and her father, Sir Dudley Coutts Marjoribanks, 1st Baron Tweedmouth, a Scottish aristocrat, is best known as the originator of the breed. Aberdeen Avenue in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, was named after Lord and Lady Aberdeen who lived on Bay Street South between 1890 and 1898. They presided over the opening of the "Hamilton Public Library" on 16 September 1890. Aberdeen Avenue in Toronto is also

neg: Dusty Fletcher song was also covered by many others including Count Basie, Louis Jordan, and Pigmeat Markham. National Records began a lawsuit to claim Fletcher's royalties as the originator of the routine which led to McVea's hit. However, a blackface vaudeville comedian, John "Spider Bruce" Mason then claimed that Fletcher had originally stolen the routine from him in the 1920s. Eventually, McVea, Fletcher and Mason were all co-credited with writing McVea's version. Fletcher is credited with originating the "Here come de Judge" line used on the television comedy show, "Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In". The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

neg: Patrick Cousot Patrick Cousot Patrick Cousot (born 3 December 1948) is a French computer scientist. Together with his wife Radhia (1947–2014), Cousot is the originator of abstract interpretation, an influential technique in formal methods. In the 2000s, he has worked on practical methods of static analysis for critical embedded software (Astrée), such as found in avionics. He has been Professor of Computer Science at the École Normale Supérieure (ENS) in Paris since 1991. As of March 2008, Cousot is a Professor of Computer Science at New York University. He is a knight (Chevalier) in the Ordre National du Mérite and the Ordre

neg: J. P. McEvoy away". He also is credited as the originator of the phrase, "Cut to the chase", in 1928. During the 1940s and 1950s, he was a regular contributor to the "Reader's Digest". McEvoy had four children: Dorothy and Dennis with his first wife, and Patricia and Margaret with his third wife, New York journalist Margaret Santry. J. P. McEvoy Joseph Patrick McEvoy (January 10, 1897 – August 8, 1958), also sometimes credited as John P. McEvoy or Joseph P. McEvoy, was an American writer whose stories were published during the 1920s and 1930s in popular magazines such as "Liberty", "The Saturday

neg: The Chopstars Screwed music, thus giving competition to DJ Screw, who is credited as the originator of the screwed genre. Michael '5000' Watts and OG Ron C were issuing "Swishahouse Remixes," which were screwed versions of songs by Swishahouse artists and other major artists not affiliated with the label. Watts and Ron C also had a very popular mixtape series called "Fuck Action" - R&B songs, chopped and screwed. In 2001, OG Ron C started using the term ChopNotSlop, taking a jab at other DJ's (excluding DJ Screw) for their "sloppy" way of creating mixes under the subgenre. This created some backlash

neg: Prosthaphaeresis of multiplication available was long multiplication, most of this time was spent taxingly multiplying out products. Mathematicians, particularly those who were also astronomers, were looking for an easier way, and trigonometry was one of the most advanced and familiar fields to these people. Prosthaphaeresis appeared in the 1580s, but its originator is not known for certain; its contributors included the mathematicians Paul Wittich, Ibn Yunis, Joost Bürgi, Johannes Werner, Christopher Clavius, and François Viète. Wittich, Yunis, and Clavius were all astronomers and have all been credited by various sources with discovering the method. Its most well-known proponent was Tycho Brahe,

neg: Andrew Glassner Andrew Glassner Andrew S. Glassner (born 1960) is an American expert in computer graphics, well known in computer graphics community as the originator and editor of the "Graphics Gems" series, "An Introduction to Ray Tracing," and "Principles of Digital Image Synthesis". His later interests include interactive fiction, writing and directing and consulting in computer game and online entertainment industries. He worked at the New York Institute of Technology Computer Graphics Lab. He started working in 3D computer graphics in 1978. He earned his B.S. in computer engineering (1984) from Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, M.S. in computer science (1987)

neg: The American Metaphysical Circus and the politically charged "Invisible Man", written for and aimed squarely at President Lyndon B. Johnson. Two of the more unusual tracks on the record are "Mister Fourth of July" — a ragtime tune complete with scratchy 78RPM-style effects, and "Leisure World", featuring narration from long-time ABC voice-over and "Ghoulardi" originator Ernie Anderson in an ode to California's first retirement mega-community. Among the musicians featured on the record are prominent West Coast studio musicians Tom Scott and the late Ted Greene, who is credited with the album's stellar guitar work in one of his few recorded appearances. Meyer Hirsch was

neg: Christian Jürgensen Thomsen dating of artifacts. Thomsen refined the three-age system as a chronological system by seeing which artifacts occurred with which other artifacts in closed finds. In this way, he was the first to establish an evidence-based division of prehistory into discrete periods. This achievement led to his being credited as the originator of the three-age system of European antiquity. Thomsen also wrote one of the first systematic treatises on gold bracteates of the Migration period. Thomsen's study of artifacts within the Copenhagen museum were based on associations between stylistic change, decoration and context; he recognised the importance of examining objects from

neg: History of the Jews in Vietnam in the 1860s and 1870s. The "Jewish Encyclopedia" mentions a French merchant and ship-owner named Jules Rueff being active in Indochina in the 1870s, becoming "one of the pioneers of French influence in that country." Per the Encyclopedia of Jewish Knowledge, "in 1872 [Rueff] became one of the pioneers in the development of French Indo-China." He is also credited in other sources to have been both the "originator of the plan for the railroad of Saigon-Mỹ Tho, in Cochinchina, and the founder and general director of the 'Messageries Fluviales de Cochinchine,' which greatly facilitated the spread of French trade in

neg: Theodosia Burr Shepherd in California to hybridize flowers and sell their seeds. At the time of her death, she was credited with being "the most noted woman in this line of work... not only in California but over all the country." In 1905, one writer enthused that she was "known to every floriculturist in civilization as a hybridizer of blossoms and originator of new flowers". She collected seeds, plants, and rare flowers, and developed new varieties, including begonias, "Coreopsis" section "Calliopsis", cosmos, nasturtiums, petunias, poppies, and a rose, ‘Oriole‘. She developed the ever-popular ‘Heavenly Blue’ morning glory, and the ‘Golden West’ California Poppy.

neg: Jaz-O and the single "Nigga What, Nigga Who (Originator 99)" from "", where he was credited as Big Jaz. He also produced the single "Ain't No Nigga" from "Reasonable Doubt" and the song "Rap Game/Crack Game" from "In My Lifetime, Vol. 1". The album "Kingz Kounty (2002) - with The Immobilarie Present" marked the last time Jay-Z and mentor Jaz-O would ever collaborate. The long-standing feud between him and Jay-Z started when Jay-Z started Roc-A-Fella Records and he tried to convince Jaz-O and fellow rapper Sauce Money to sign with the label. They both refused. It is rumored that they didn't

neg: Paul Vandy Paul Vandy Paul Vandy (c. 1874 – 19 October 1950) was the stage name of Charles Edward Maynard (born Charles Edward Davis), known as the juggling magician, who was a prolific performer from around 1894 to 1930 and is credited as the originator of magical juggling. Billed as "The World Famous Magical Juggler", "The Jocular Juggler", "The Juggler King", "The Great Vandy", "the Best Plate Juggler on Earth", "the Greatest Juggling Novelty in the World", "the Peerless Vandy" and "England's Extraordinary Entertainer", he was primarily a juggler and equilibrist (a person who performs feats of balance, in this instance the

neg: CKUT-FM current timeslot in January 2006 under the name "Roots Rock Rebel". Some of the legendary ska and reggae artists who have been interviewed on Roots Rock Rebel include Lynn Taitt of The Skatalites, Pauline Black of The Selecter, and Hopeton Lewis, who is often credited as the originator of the rocksteady genre. The program airs Wednesday nights from 10pm-12am on CKUT. CKUT-FM CKUT-FM is the official campus community radio station of McGill University. It can be heard at 90.3 FM in Montreal, 91.7 on cable, or on the CKUT website. CKUT's FM signal, broadcast from a tower on the top

neg: 1988 Democratic Party presidential primaries Rhodes scholar and basketball star; Georgia senator Sam Nunn, with defense credentials; and New York Governor Mario Cuomo, who they hoped would grab the family values voters. Joe Biden's campaign also ended in controversy after the Delaware Senator was accused of plagiarizing a speech by Neil Kinnock, then-leader of the British Labour Party. Though Biden had correctly credited the original author in all speeches but one, the one where he failed to make mention of the originator was caught on video and sent to the press by members of the Dukakis campaign. In the video Biden is filmed repeating a

neg: Electronic data interchange interchange of strictly formatted messages that represent documents other than monetary instruments. EDI implies a sequence of messages between two parties, either of whom may serve as originator or recipient. The formatted data representing the documents may be transmitted from originator to recipient via telecommunications or physically transported on electronic storage media." It distinguished mere electronic communication or data exchange, specifying that "in EDI, the usual processing of received messages is by computer only. Human intervention in the processing of a received message is typically intended only for error conditions, for quality review, and for special situations. For example, the

neg: Ralph Leighton Richard Feynman's Last Journey." He is credited as associate producer and originator of the concept for the Academy-Award–nominated documentary film "Genghis Blues" (2000), which came about through the nexus provided by Friends of Tuva. He is the son of the late Caltech physicist Robert B. Leighton, who was also a close friend of Feynman. He is married to Phoebe Kwan; they have two children, Nicole and Ian. Ralph Leighton Ralph Leighton (; born 1949) is an American biographer, film producer, and friend of the late physicist Richard Feynman. He recorded Feynman relating stories of his life. Leighton has released some

neg: Virtual Army Experience The dual use of the virtual environment with tracking technology is a combination that commercial marketers could learn from, say experts, especially those marketers who target young adults. The VAE is managed by the Army’s Office of Economic and Manpower Analysis (OEMA) at the United States Military Academy, West Point. OEMA director Colonel Casey Wardynski is the originator of the Army Game Project. The army spent about $9 million building four versions of the Virtual Army Experience, Col. Wardynski said. Col. Wardynski envisioned "using computer game technology to provide the public a virtual soldier experience that was engaging, informative and

neg: Paris Dupree night". In one of the myths surrounding the origin of vogue, Paris is credited as the originator or one of the pioneers of the dance form, and it was because of her that the art form is called "vogue". It is reported when she attended an after hours nightclub called Footsteps on 2nd Avenue and 14th Street, some gay Black men were throwing shade at each other. Paris who had a copy of Vogue Magazine in her bag took out the magazine and started dancing then suddenly stopped, posing to the beat of the music imitating the models' poses. That

neg: Securitization or a part-sale and part-financing. In a true sale, the originator is allowed to remove the transferred assets from its balance sheet: in a financing, the assets are considered to remain the property of the originator. Under US accounting standards, the originator achieves a sale by being at arm's length from the issuer, in which case the issuer is classified as a "qualifying special purpose entity" or "qSPE". Because of these structural issues, the originator typically needs the help of an investment bank (the arranger) in setting up the structure of the transaction. To be able to buy the assets

neg: Kevin Lano also the editor of "UML 2 Semantics and Applications", published by Wiley in October 2009, among a number of computer science books. Lano was formerly a Research Officer at the Oxford University Computing Laboratory (now the Oxford University Department of Computer Science). He is a reader at the "Department of Informatics" at King's College London. Kevin Lano Kevin C. Lano (born 1963) is a British computer scientist. Kevin Lano studied at the University of Reading, attaining a first class degree in Mathematics and Computer Science, and the University of Bristol where he completed his doctorate. He was an originator of

neg: John Tiller John Tiller John Thomas Ibbotson Tiller (13 June 1854 in Blackburn, Lancashire – 22 October 1925 in New York) was a musical theatre director who was credited with inventing precision dance and was the originator of the 'Tiller Girls'. John Tiller always had a keen interest in music. He was always a perfectionist to the point where very few people could live up to his standards. At ten years old he became a choirboy, and with his perfectionist qualities, he became choirmaster by fourteen. His obsession with neatness and cleanliness was to earn him the excellence for which he was

neg: History of video games text adventures to gambling games like blackjack (generally played for "points" rather than real money). On some multiuser BBSs (where more than one person could be online at once), there were games allowing users to interact with one another. SuperSet Software created "Snipes", a text-mode networked computer game in 1983 to test a new IBM Personal Computer–based computer network and demonstrate its abilities. "Snipes" is officially credited as being the original inspiration for NetWare. It is believed to be the first network game ever written for a commercial personal computer and is recognized alongside 1974 game "Maze War" (a networked

neg: Count Matchuki of Dodd, who became familiar with the US style on his visits to the States to buy records to play on his sound system. He thus originated a deejay style that was later developed by artists such as U-Roy, and which eventually led to rap. Matchuki started by adding spoken introductions to the records that were played, taking inspiration from the American magazine "Jive". He has also been credited as the originator of beatboxing, adding what he called "peps" to records that he thought sounded weak. In the late 1950s, the prevailing sound changed with the advent of ska, and

neg: Roman art prices than the greatest paintings of many other artists.” The adjective "vulgar" is used here in its original meaning, which means "common". The Greek antecedents of Roman art were legendary. In the mid-5th century BC, the most famous Greek artists were Polygnotos, noted for his wall murals, and Apollodoros, the originator of chiaroscuro. The development of realistic technique is credited to Zeuxis and Parrhasius, who according to ancient Greek legend, are said to have once competed in a bravura display of their talents, history’s earliest descriptions of trompe l’oeil painting. In sculpture, Skopas, Praxiteles, Phidias, and Lysippos were the foremost

neg: Clay Dreslough successful computer game developer and publisher, Dreslough is rare in his outspoken stance against digital rights management and other forms of copy protection. According to MobyGames, Dreslough has been credited as a programmer, designer or video game producer on 17 computer game titles; the most recently credited one on that site being in 2013. Clay Dreslough has been a member of 'SABR', the Society for American Baseball Research, since 1995. He is the first baseball researcher to invent and publish a statistic used to measure defense-independent pitching performance. His other contributions to baseball research include the SABR style manual, an

neg: Across the Zodiac Across the Zodiac Across the Zodiac: The Story of a Wrecked Record (1880) is a science fiction novel by Percy Greg, who has been credited as an originator of the sword and planet subgenre of science fiction. The book details the creation and use of apergy, a form of anti-gravitational energy, and details a flight to Mars in 1830. The planet is inhabited by diminutive beings; they are convinced that life does not exist elsewhere than on their world, and refuse to believe that the unnamed narrator is actually from Earth. (They think he is an unusually tall Martian from

neg: Gordon Foster at Bletchley Park. After the war he resumed studies at Magdalen College, Oxford. A lecture on feedback control by Norbert Wiener, regarded as the originator of cybernetics, proved to be a great influence on Foster's research. Upon completing his PhD at Magdalen, he accepted an offer to lecture on his research at the University of Manchester, where he met Alan Turing, a Bletchley Park veteran who became known as the father of computer science. Turing introduced him to the "Manchester Mark I" computer and enlisted his help working on it. In 1952 Foster joined the faculty of the London School

neg: Katherine Whitney Curtis Katherine Whitney Curtis Katherine Whitney Curtis (January 4, 1897 - July 6, 1980), also spelled "Katharine" or "Kay" Curtis, is widely credited as the originator of synchronized swimming. While historical figures such as Esther Williams and Annette Kellerman are recognized for similar contributions, important historical details regarding the origin of the word "Synchronized Swimming," its reference to the Olympic sport, and the technical structure of that sport are all credited to Curtis. The only descendants of Katherine's family survive through her nephew, Gaylord Whitney, in central Ohio. Her great-grand nephew, Jordan Whitney Wei, is both the writer and primary researcher

neg: Intel 8080 from high end architecture chips, and a common strategy to produce a very large computer is to network many x86 processors. Federico Faggin, the originator of the 8080 architecture in early 1972, proposed it to Intel's management and pushed for its implementation. He finally got the permission to develop it six months later. Faggin hired Masatoshi Shima from Japan, who did the detailed design under his direction, using the design methodology for random logic with silicon gate that Faggin had created for the 4000 family. Stanley Mazor contributed a couple of instructions to the instruction set. Intel 8080 The Intel

neg: Manuel Jiménez Ramírez Manuel Jiménez Ramírez Manuel Jiménez Ramírez (December 9, 1919 – March 4, 2005) was a Mexican carver, sculptor and painter credited as the originator of the Oaxacan version of “alebrijes,” animal creatures carved in wood and painted in strong contrasting colors with intricate designs. He was a charismatic and philosophical person, who believed he was the reincarnation of an artist. He began making animal figures of clay when he was a child but changed to wood carving later, creating human figures, nativity scenes, masks and more as well as the alebrijes. He work can be found in public and private

neg: Strikeout New York Mets fans in honor of "Dr. K", Dwight Gooden. The "K" may be placed backward in cases where the batter strikes out looking, just as it would appear on a scorecard. Virtually every televised display of a high-strikeout major league game will include a shot of a fan's strikeout display, and if the pitcher continues to strike out batters, the display may be shown following every strikeout. The use of "K" for a strikeout was invented by Henry Chadwick, a newspaper journalist who is widely credited as the originator of the box score and the baseball scorecard. As

neg: Chaki have a slightly convex top and body that gradually narrows toward the base, but in practice any "usucha-ki" may be referred to as a "natsume". Since "natsume" are used for thin tea, they are the first "chaki" that a tea student learns to use. A lacquer artist named Haneda Gorō, who lived in the era of Higashiyama Culture and did lacquer work for Ashikaga Yoshimasa, is credited as the originator of this style of container for powdered tea which at first, as a rule, was black-lacquered. Records of tea gatherings held by Sen Rikyū reveal that he used "natsume," and

neg: Hugo Koch Hugo Koch Hugo Alexander Koch (9 March 1870, Delft – 3 March 1928, Düsseldorf) was a Dutch inventor who conceived of and patented an idea for machine encryption — the rotor machine, although he was not the first to do so. He is sometimes erroneously credited as the originator of the Enigma machine, although this has been shown to be the work of German engineer Arthur Scherbius. Koch filed for his rotor machine patent on 7 October 1919, and was granted Netherlands patent 10,700 (equivalent to ), held by Naamloze Vennootschap Ingenieursbureau Securitas in Amsterdam. No machine was built from

neg: Frozen Ghost two albums featured guest musicians, such as Derry Grehan, lead guitarist of Honeymoon Suite. The drums, however, were sequenced on a computer rather than being played by a human drummer. While Lanni may have programmed the drums himself, the actual programmer is uncredited and unknown. On their final album "Shake Your Spirit", there were three official additions to the band: John Bouvette, who was on drums and percussion, Sammy De Bartel on keyboards and Phil X who played the guitar and did some vocals. Phil X was also credited on the album "Nice Place to Visit" for being a guitarist,

neg: Draw play running back is free to help block. "Buckets" Goldenberg is one credited originator of the play, forcing Sid Luckman to use it after his persistent blitzes. The draw was also allegedly invented by the Cleveland Browns during their years in the All-America Football Conference. A botched play, originally designed to be a pass play, caused quarterback Otto Graham to improvise a hand-off to fullback Marion Motley. A surprised Motley, who had been expecting to block on the play, instead ran for a big gain. Coach Paul Brown noted the success of the improvised play and began to work it in

neg: ILLIAC IV making it the fastest computer in the world at that time. It is also credited with being the first large computer to use solid-state memory, as well as the most complex computer built to date, with over 1 million gates. Generally considered a failure due to massive budget overruns, the design was instrumental in the development of new techniques and systems for programming parallel systems. In the 1980s, several machines based on ILLIAC IV concepts were successfully delivered. In June 1952, Daniel Slotnick began working on the IAS machine at the Institute for Advanced Study (IAS) at Princeton University. The

neg: Canon Cat Canon Cat The Canon Cat was a task-dedicated, desktop computer released by Canon Inc. in 1987 at a price of . On the surface it was not unlike the dedicated word processors popular in the late 1970s to early 1980s, but it is far more powerful and incorporates many unique ideas for data manipulation. The Canon Cat is primarily the creation of Jef Raskin, originator of the Macintosh project at Apple. After leaving the company in 1982, he began designing a new computer closer to his original vision of an inexpensive, utilitarian "people's computer"; "BYTE" in 1987 described the Cat

neg: Nolan Bushnell In 2012 he founded an educational software company called Brainrush, that is using video game technology in educational software. Nolan is credited with Bushnell's Law, an aphorism about games "easy to learn and difficult to master" being rewarding. Bushnell enrolled at Utah State University in 1961 to study engineering and then later business. In 1964, he transferred to the University of Utah College of Engineering, where he graduated with a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering. He was a member of the Pi Kappa Alpha fraternity. He was one of many computer science students of the 1960s who played the historic

neg: Bradbury Robinson ball, these were extraordinary passes." Sports historian John Sayle Watterson agreed. In his book, "College Football: History, Spectacle, Controversy", Watterson described Robinson's long pass as "truly a breathtaking achievement." Coach Stagg, who disputed St. Louis' leading role in developing the forward pass, pointed to Robinson's passing prowess as the real difference-maker: "It might be true that his passer, Robinson, could throw a longer spiral than anyone else for he was a gifted passer. However, Eddie Cochems was not the originator of the long spiral pass." Some credited Robinson with throwing an all-time record 87-yard missile to Schneider earlier that season

neg: Seymour Ginsburg foundations of Computer Science. Members of the research group included: Sheila Greibach, Michael A. Harrison, Gene Rose, Ed Spanier, and Joe Ullian. The work that came out of this group distinguished Computer Science theory from other fields, putting Ginsburg at the center of what became the theoretical Computer Science community. It was during the SDC years that a young Jeff Ullman spent one summer working for Ginsburg, learning both formal language theory and a broad approach to research in Computer Science theory. Al Aho credited Ullman's summer with Ginsburg as being highly influential on Aho's career in Computer Science. In

neg: Coding theory techniques for secure communication in the presence of third parties (called adversaries). More generally, it is about constructing and analyzing protocols that block adversaries; various aspects in information security such as data confidentiality, data integrity, authentication, and non-repudiation are central to modern cryptography. Modern cryptography exists at the intersection of the disciplines of mathematics, computer science, and electrical engineering. Applications of cryptography include ATM cards, computer passwords, and electronic commerce. Cryptography prior to the modern age was effectively synonymous with "encryption", the conversion of information from a readable state to apparent nonsense. The originator of an encrypted message shared the