query: who is considered to be the first modern art historian

pos: Art history of Immanuel Kant's "Critique of Judgment" in 1790, and was furthered by Hegel's "Lectures on Aesthetics". Hegel's philosophy served as the direct inspiration for Karl Schnaase's work. Schnaase's "Niederländische Briefe" established the theoretical foundations for art history as an autonomous discipline, and his "Geschichte der bildenden Künste", one of the first historical surveys of the history of art from antiquity to the Renaissance, facilitated the teaching of art history in German-speaking universities. Schnaase's survey was published contemporaneously with a similar work by Franz Theodor Kugler. Heinrich Wölfflin (1864–1945), who studied under Burckhardt in Basel, is the "father" of modern art

neg: Werner Hofmann (art historian) Werner Hofmann (art historian) Werner Hofmann (August 8, 1928 in Vienna - 13 March 2013 in Hamburg) was an Austrian art historian, cultural journalist, writer, curator and museum director, who is "considered by his colleagues as one of the most distinguished European scholars of modern art and its ideology." Hofmann was the son of Leopold Hofmann and Anna Visvader. From 1947 to 1949, he studied art history at the universities of Vienna and Paris, where he completed a Ph.D. dissertation on the "Graphische Gestaltungsweise von Honoré Daumier". From 1950 to 1955 he worked as an assistant at the Albertina in

neg: Werner Hofmann (art historian) of a heart attack in a hospital. Werner Hofmann (art historian) Werner Hofmann (August 8, 1928 in Vienna - 13 March 2013 in Hamburg) was an Austrian art historian, cultural journalist, writer, curator and museum director, who is "considered by his colleagues as one of the most distinguished European scholars of modern art and its ideology." Hofmann was the son of Leopold Hofmann and Anna Visvader. From 1947 to 1949, he studied art history at the universities of Vienna and Paris, where he completed a Ph.D. dissertation on the "Graphische Gestaltungsweise von Honoré Daumier". From 1950 to 1955 he worked

neg: Robert Wornum Robert Wornum Robert Wornum (1780–1852) was a piano maker working in London during the first half of the 19th century. He is best known for introducing small cottage and oblique uprights and an action considered to be the predecessor of the modern upright action which was used in Europe through the early 20th century. His piano manufacturing business eventually became Robert Wornum & Sons and continued half a century after his death. Art historian Ralph Nicholson Wornum (1812–1877) was his son. Robert Wornum was born on 1 October 1780, son of music seller and violin maker Robert Wornum (1742–1815), who

neg: Culture of Egypt World Wide Web as an alternative outlet for artists and there is a strong Art-focused internet community on groups that have found origin in Egypt. Egypt's cultural contributions have included great works of science, art, and mathematics, dating from antiquity to modern times. Considered to be the first engineer, architect and physician in history known by name, Imhotep designed the Pyramid of Djoser (the Step Pyramid) at Saqqara in Egypt around 2630-2611 BC, and may have been responsible for the first known use of columns in architecture. The Egyptian historian Manetho credited him with inventing stone-dressed building during Djoser's reign,

neg: Jacob Burckhardt the movement as introducing new forms of cultural and religious freedom but also worrying about the potential feelings of alienation and disenchantment modern men might feel. These claims proved quite controversial, but the scholarly judgements of Burckhardt's "History of the Renaissance" are sometimes considered to be justified by subsequent research according to historians including Desmond Seward and art historians such as Kenneth Clark. Burckhardt and the German historian Georg Voigt founded the historical study of the Renaissance. In contrast to Voigt, who confined his studies to early Italian humanism, Burckhardt dealt with all aspects of Renaissance society. Burckhardt considered the

neg: Otto Benesch Otto Benesch Otto Benesch (June 29, 1896 – November 16, 1964) was an Austrian art historian. He was taught by Max Dvořák and is considered a member of the Vienna School of Art History. He is well known for his catalogue of Rembrandt's drawings. In 1942 he was awarded the Guggenheim Fellowship. Benesch was the son of art collector Heinrich Benesch, an important patron of the Austrian artist Egon Schiele. Being familiar with modern art from childhood, a personal acquaintance with Schiele left a lasting impression on him, which is also to be seen in several of his publications. From

neg: Otto Benesch independent of its religious or profane content. Life was to him, first of all, life of the soul, eloquence and expressiveness of man." Otto Benesch Otto Benesch (June 29, 1896 – November 16, 1964) was an Austrian art historian. He was taught by Max Dvořák and is considered a member of the Vienna School of Art History. He is well known for his catalogue of Rembrandt's drawings. In 1942 he was awarded the Guggenheim Fellowship. Benesch was the son of art collector Heinrich Benesch, an important patron of the Austrian artist Egon Schiele. Being familiar with modern art from childhood,

neg: Art & Language (b. 1941), Michael Baldwin (b. 1945) and Harold Hurrell (b. 1940). These four artists began their collaboration around 1966 while they were art teachers in Coventry. The name of the group was derived from their journal, Art-Language The Journal of conceptual art, originally created as a work conversation in 1966. The group was critical of what was considered mainstream modern art practices at the time. In their work conversations, they created conceptual art as part of their discussions. Between 1968 and 1982, the group grew to nearly fifty people. Among the first to join were critic and art historian, Charles

neg: Igor Zidić Igor Zidić Igor Zidić (born 10 February 1939) is a Croatian art historian, art critic, poet and essayist. He is considered a top expert on Croatian modern art. Zidić was born in Split, where he graduated from the Classical Gymnasium. He obtained a diploma in art history and comparative literature from the University of Zagreb in 1964. Zidić became the editor of "Hrvatski tjednik" in 1971, but lost his job after the magazine was shut down by the Yugoslavian government. Zidić was a director of Modern Gallery in Zagreb from 1989 to 2008. From 2002-14, he was the president of

neg: Paintings of Abanindranath Tagore Paintings of Abanindranath Tagore Paintings of Abanindranath Tagore is a book on Abanindranath Tagore's paintings by art historian R. Siva Kumar. It is widely considered as a landmark book in the Indian art scene that brings together a large corpus of Abanindranath's work for the first time. It fulfils a glaring lacuna in the picture of this master of modern Indian art. In the books R. Siva Kumar states, 'The social space that Abanindranath narrativized as an artist-flaneur is thus the subject of the Orientalist artist/writer read from the obverse. He reclaims the colonial subjects' right to narrate their stories

neg: Hurufiyya movement pioneer of the hurufiyaa art movement, having exhibited a number of hurufist-inspired works in Georgetown in Washington as early as 1949. and publishing "Arabic Calligraphy: An Inspiring Element in Abstract Art" in 1950. Jamil Hamoudi was also a pioneer, active from the 1950s. Both Omar and Hamoudi joined the One Dimension Group when it was founded by Shakir Hassan Al Said in 1971 since its principles were based on the importance of the Arabic letter. The artist and art historian, Princess Wijdan Ali, who developed the traditions of Arabic calligraphy in a modern, abstract format and is considered a pioneer

neg: Walter Pach in French were published the following year. The first solo exhibition of his own art took place in 1925 at Joseph Brummer Galleries, New York. He created a stir in 1928 in the art world with "Ananias, or The False Artist", a well-known indictment of opportunistic artists and corruption in the art world. Pach considered Vincent van Gogh a seminal figure in the development of modern art and was the first historian to lecture on him in America. He published his well-received monograph, "Vincent Van Gogh", in 1936, and translated the journals of Eugène Delacroix in 1937. His recollections of

neg: Modern art art historian H. Harvard Arnason: "Each of these dates has significance for the development of modern art, but none categorically marks a completely new beginning ... A gradual metamorphosis took place in the course of a hundred years." The strands of thought that eventually led to modern art can be traced back to the Enlightenment, and even to the 17th century. The important modern art critic Clement Greenberg, for instance, called Immanuel Kant "the first real Modernist" but also drew a distinction: "The Enlightenment criticized from the outside ... . Modernism criticizes from the inside." The French Revolution of 1789

neg: Jacinto Quirarte simply be unable to survive without library resources. Such materials are crucial to my work." Jacinto Quirarte Jacinto Quirarte (August 17, 1931 - July 20, 2012) was an art historian, professor, scholar and writer who was instrumental in documenting and promoting Latino and Chicano art in the United States. Quirarte was an "expert in pre-Columbian and Latin American art history." He was one of the first to insist that pre-Columbian art and Latino art become part of the mainstream American art history narrative. He wrote many papers, monographs and several books on the subject of both ancient and modern art

neg: Demetrius III Eucaerus first century historian Josephus, who wrote that Antiochus VIII, who assumed the throne in 125 BC, ruled for twenty-nine years, and is corroborated by the third century historian Porphyry, who gave the Seleucid year (SE) 216 (97/96 BC) for Antiochus VIII's death. Following the death of his brother, Antiochus IX took the Syrian capital, Antioch, while Seleucus VI, established in Cilicia, prepared for war against his uncle. In modern literature, Seleucus VI is considered the eldest son, and Demetrius III is considered younger than Antiochus XI and Philip I. However, almost nothing is known about the early life of Demetrius

neg: Kevin Red Star was encouraged to explore his history and culture through modern art techniques. Upon graduation, Red Star and several other Native students received scholarships to the San Francisco Art Institute. Here he was exposed to the avant garde and political and social concerns of post-modern art. Since embarking on his professional artistic journey, the acknowledged master artist is considered a visual historian and ambassador for his Native Crow culture. In 1997, Kevin Red Star received an Honorary Doctorate Degree in Fine Art from the Rocky Mountain College in Billings, Montana. Kevin Red Star has been accepted into the Russell Skull Society

neg: Rashtrakuta dynasty does not contain any of the "Shikharas" common to the "Nagara" style and was built on the same lines as the Virupaksha temple at Pattadakal in Karnataka. According to art historian Vincent Smith, the achievement at the Kailasanath temple is considered an architectural consummation of the monolithic rock-cut temple and deserves to be considered one of the wonders of the world. According to art historian Percy Brown, as an accomplishment of art, the Kailasanath temple is considered an unrivalled work of rock architecture, a monument that has always excited and astonished travellers.While some scholars have claimed the architecture at Elephanta

neg: Robert Goldwater Robert Goldwater Robert Goldwater (November 23, 1907 – March 26, 1973) was an art historian, African arts scholar and the first director of the Museum of Primitive Art, New York, from 1957 to 1973. He was married to the French-born American artist and sculptor Louise Bourgeois. Born in New York City, Goldwater received his BA in 1929 from Columbia University, and his MA from Harvard in 1931. Goldwater was one of the early art history students to study modern art at a time when the subject was not considered worthy of serious graduate research. Goldwater was one of the participants

neg: Robert Storr (art academic) Gerhard Richter, Max Beckmann, Tony Smith and Robert Ryman. He also organized a number of reinstallations of MoMA's permanent collection, covering such topics as abstraction and the modern grotesque. From 2002 to 2006 he was the first Rosalie Solow Professor of Modern Art at the Institute of Fine Arts, New York University. Per New York magazine, he is considered to be one of the most influential Americans in the art world. Storr has been described as "an artist who's logged enough studio time to have a special regard for painters' painters ... and a gifted writer who can make us

neg: Bernard Smith (art historian) Bernard Smith (art historian) Bernard William Smith (3 October 19162 September 2011) was an Australian art historian, art critic and academic, considered one of the most eminent art historians of the 20th century. His book "Place, Taste and Tradition: a study of Australian art since 1788" is a key text in Australian art history, and an influence on Robert Hughes. Smith was associated with the Communist Party of Australia, and after leaving the party remained a prominent left-wing intellectual. Smith sold much of his art collection to fund one of the first art prizes for artists of Aboriginal background. Smith

neg: Alice Van Vechten Brown Alice Van Vechten Brown Alice Van Vechten Brown, born June 7, 1862, in Hanover, New Hampshire, was an art educator and historian, notable for the creation of the first courses in museum training (1911) and modern art (1927) in the United States. The modern art course was taught by Alfred H. Barr, Jr., who would later claim the departmental headings he developed for the Museum of Modern Art were merely "the subject headings of the Wellesley course". The daughter of a minister on faculty at Dartmouth College, she initially pursued a career as an artist, studying with the Art Students

neg: Aniconism the historian of ideas Kalman Bland recently proposed that the phenomenon is a modern construction, and that "Jewish aniconism crystallized simultaneously with the construction of modern Jewish identities". For the followers of the Bahá'í Faith, the photographs and depictions of the Báb and Bahá'u'lláh, who are considered Manifestations of God, are considered very precious. They are viewed and handled with reverence and respect, and their existence itself is not considered offensive. However, Shoghi Effendi, the Guardian of the Bahá'í Faith, stated that believers should only view the images when they can be treated with the utmost respect, and not let

neg: Terry Smith (art historian) missions and studying the heightening distinction, and dispute, between modern and contemporary art. Terry Smith (art historian) Terry Smith (born Terence Edwin Smith in Geelong, Victoria, 1944) is an Australian art historian, art critic and artist who currently lives and works in Pittsburgh, New York and Sydney. Since 2001 he has been Andrew W. Mellon Professor of Contemporary Art History and Theory in the Department of the History of Art and Architecture at the University of Pittsburgh. He also serves as a Board member of The Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh. Smith was a student at Melbourne High School, where he

neg: Michael Dokeianos to death and mutilated. The family name of Dokeianos is considered to derive from Dok[e]ia in the Armeniac Theme. The family only came into prominence in the mid-11th century, with Michael one of the first to be mentioned. He is generally considered as the Dokeianos who married an unnamed daughter of Manuel Erotikos Komnenos and sister of the future emperor Isaac I Komnenos (reigned 1057–59), probably ca. 1030. Together, they had a son, Theodore Dokeianos. According to the near-contemporary official and historian John Skylitzes, Michael Dokeianos was a simple man and not suited for command, and according to the modern

neg: Cleopatra (1917 film) was implemented in Hollywood, "Cleopatra" was judged to be too obscene to be shown. However, despite its controversies, the film was a huge box office draw, becoming one of the most successful blockbusters of 1917. The last two prints known to exist were destroyed in fires at the Fox studios in 1937 (along with the majority of Bara's other films for Fox) and at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City, and the majority of the film is now considered lost. Only brief fragments of footage are known to survive. Filmmaker and film historian Phillip Dye is reconstructing

neg: Walter Pach despite advice from friends like art historian Bernard Berenson who urged him to devote his time to writing. His writings include monographs on a wide range of subjects, social commentary on the art world, and a book on museum structures. His first publications included brochures for the 1913 Armory Show, including Odilon Redon, and a book about the work of his close friend Raymond Duchamp-Villon titled "A Sculptor's Architecture". In 1923, Pach wrote "Georges Seurat", a book art historian John Rewald later cited by as an important text on the artist. "Masters of Modern Art" and a monograph on Duchamp-Villon

neg: Portrait of a Collector painting, one in the Uffizi depot (inventory 3971) and one at the Walker Art Center of Minneapolis, United States. The first art historian to clarify that the subject was not a priest was Freedberg, in 1950, identifying him as Francesco Baiardi. Today he is considered an unknown collector, who holds the "Offiziolo Durazzo", a miniated breviary today housed in the Biblioteca Civica Berio at Genoa. This work had been executed some twenty years before the painting by Francesco Marmitta, a painter from Parma who has been erroneously considered Parmigianino's master. The man is the same appearing in a portrait in

neg: Michael Hirst (art historian) of reference for Renaissance art history in general. His book on Michelangelo’s drawings is widely considered to be the most perceptive study on the subject thus far. Hirst’s monograph on Sebastiano del Piombo is also fundamental in the field. Beyond Michelangelo, he published important articles and essays on artists such as Francesco Salviati, Perin del Vaga and Parmigianino. He was an Accademico d'Onore, or honorary member, of the Accademia delle Arti del Disegno of Florence. Michael Hirst (art historian) David Michael Geoffrey Hirst, FBA (5 September 1933 – 14 December 2017), commonly known as Michael Hirst, was an art historian

neg: Beatriz Gonzalez Beatriz Gonzalez Beatriz González is a painter, sculptor, critic, curator, art historian, and is considered one of the founders of what is known today as Modern Colombian Art. She is often associated with the Pop Art movement, and is best known for her bright and colorful paintings depicting the traumatic social context in her home country, specifically during the war torn period in Colombia that is known as La Violencia. Beatriz González was born in Bucaramanga, Colombia in 1938. She has described herself as always loving art and drawing a lot, but never thinking that would end up being her

neg: Mills College Art Museum Bay Area artists, and since then the gallery has become an important public collection of modern art in Northern California. Bender himself later became a principal founder of what is now the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. Mills College Art Museum Mills College Art Museum is a museum and art gallery in Oakland, California. The originally all-girls' school Mills College was founded by Susan and Cyrus Mills, who were both interested in art and history. Susan's sister Jane Tolman was an art historian who developed the art history curriculum in 1875. With a Tolman Mills bequest the present museum

neg: Makonde art This first contact with the Western culture can be considered to be the first introduction of the classical European style into the traditional Makonde style.Since the 1950s years the socalled Modern Makonde Art has been developed. An essential step was the turning to abstract figures, mostly spirits, Shetani, that play a special role. This shetani style originated in the early 1950s by master carver Samaki Likankoa, whose patron Mohamed Peera, an art curator in Tanzania played an instrumental and decisive role in influencing the modern makonde art movement. Some Makonde sculptors, the best known of whom is George Lugwani, have

neg: George Baker (art historian) called "Late Criticism". In 2009, Baker led an attempt to save the fine arts library on the UCLA campus, launching a Facebook page and an online petition. George Baker (art historian) George Baker is an American art historian of modern and contemporary art. He is especially known for his writings on photography. He is a professor of art history at the University of California, Los Angeles and an editor of the journal "October." Reviewing a book that Baker wrote on Dada, Merlin James wrote "What Baker really offers, perfectly reasonably, is high-end, post-modern theorising, with just a touch of unconventionality

neg: George Baker (art historian) George Baker (art historian) George Baker is an American art historian of modern and contemporary art. He is especially known for his writings on photography. He is a professor of art history at the University of California, Los Angeles and an editor of the journal "October." Reviewing a book that Baker wrote on Dada, Merlin James wrote "What Baker really offers, perfectly reasonably, is high-end, post-modern theorising, with just a touch of unconventionality in honour of his subject’s way-outness." Baker studied art history at Yale University and received his Ph.D. from Columbia University, also studying at the Whitney Independent Study

neg: Shakir Hassan Al Said Shakir Hassan Al Said Shakir Hassan Al Said () (1925–2004), an Iraqi painter, sculptor and writer, is considered one of Iraq's most innovative and influential artists. An artist, philosopher, art critic and art historian, he was actively involved in the formation of two important art groups that influenced the direction of post-colonial art in Iraq. He, and the art groups in which he was involved, shaped the modern Iraqi art movement and bridged the gap between modernity and heritage. His theories charted a new Arabic art aesthetic which allowed for valuations of regional art through lenses that were uniquely Arabic

neg: Rose O'Neill opportunities were made available in the 19th-century, women artists became part of professional enterprises, and some founded their own art associations. Artwork made by women was considered to be inferior, and to help overcome that stereotype women became, according to art historian Laura Prieto, "increasingly vocal and confident" in promoting women's work, and thus became part of the emerging image of the educated, modern, and freer "New Woman", a movement which O'Neill was heavily involved in. According to Prieto, artists "played crucial roles in representing the New Woman, both by drawing images of the icon and exemplifying this emerging type

neg: Jacinto Quirarte Jacinto Quirarte Jacinto Quirarte (August 17, 1931 - July 20, 2012) was an art historian, professor, scholar and writer who was instrumental in documenting and promoting Latino and Chicano art in the United States. Quirarte was an "expert in pre-Columbian and Latin American art history." He was one of the first to insist that pre-Columbian art and Latino art become part of the mainstream American art history narrative. He wrote many papers, monographs and several books on the subject of both ancient and modern art in the United States, Mexico, Central and South America. He is one of the founding

neg: Igor Zidić Matica hrvatska. In 1986, Zidić received the Tin Ujević Award for poetry. Zidić is a father of six children, Antun Zidić, Žuva Kolar, Toma Zidić, Lucija Zidić, Neva Marija Zidić and Fabijan Stjepan Zidić. Igor Zidić Igor Zidić (born 10 February 1939) is a Croatian art historian, art critic, poet and essayist. He is considered a top expert on Croatian modern art. Zidić was born in Split, where he graduated from the Classical Gymnasium. He obtained a diploma in art history and comparative literature from the University of Zagreb in 1964. Zidić became the editor of "Hrvatski tjednik" in 1971,

neg: Macedonian culture (Slavic) Naumovski, who was long classified by art historians as a Naive artist, is well known for his Ohridska Porta Gallery, as well as for the original world of his paintings. Contemporary Macedonian artists include Aleksandar Stankovski, Zhaneta Vangeli, Maja Dzhartovska, and Gordana Apostolovska who all use various styles. In addition to Dimo Todorovski, who is considered to be the founder of modern Macedonian sculpture, the works of Petar Hadzi Boskov, Boro Mitrikeski, Novak Dimitrovski and Tome Serafimovski are also outstanding. The Museum of Contemporary Art and the Art Gallery in the Daut Pasha Baths are considered the best galleries. In

neg: Florence Miller Pierce with a private tutor, May Ashton. It was Ashton who introduced Miller to the Phillips Collection, considered to be the first museum of Modern Art in the United States. It was a rare opportunity for the young girl to develop an appreciation of some of modern art’s greatest masters. Miller spent considerable time at the museum and began to take classes at the Studio School there in 1935. Following her graduation from high school, Miller wished to continue her study of art. Having learned of noted artist Emil Bisttram's School of Art in Taos, New Mexico, Miller convinced her parents

neg: Shakir Hassan Al Said and Sharjah Art Museum. Select list of paintings Select list of publications Sole-authored Collaborative works Shakir Hassan Al Said Shakir Hassan Al Said () (1925–2004), an Iraqi painter, sculptor and writer, is considered one of Iraq's most innovative and influential artists. An artist, philosopher, art critic and art historian, he was actively involved in the formation of two important art groups that influenced the direction of post-colonial art in Iraq. He, and the art groups in which he was involved, shaped the modern Iraqi art movement and bridged the gap between modernity and heritage. His theories charted a new Arabic

neg: T. J. Clark (art historian) T. J. Clark (art historian) Timothy James "T.J." Clark (born 12 April 1943 in Bristol, England) is a British art historian and writer. He taught art history in a number of universities in England and the United States, including Harvard and the University of California, Berkeley. Clark has been influential in developing the field of art history, examining modern paintings as an articulation of the social and political conditions of modern life. His orientation is distinctly leftist, and he has often referred to himself as a Marxist. Clark attended Bristol Grammar School. He completed his undergraduate studies at St John's

neg: Rudolf Eitelberger conceived art history and the practice of art as a unity, a principle expressed in his maxim: "He who wishes to pursue art history must possess a natural inclination towards art itself." Rudolf Eitelberger Rudolf Eitelberger, full name Rudolf Eitelberger von Edelberg (17 April 1817 in Olomouc, Moravia – 18 April 1885 in Vienna) was an art historian and the first "Ordinarius" (full professor) for art history at the University of Vienna. He is considered as the founder of the Vienna School of Art History. Eitelberger, the son of a military officer, studied law and the Romance languages at University

neg: Leszek, Duke of Masovia reconciled with Kazimierz II, who after Leszek's death inherited his duchy. Older Polish historians, like Oswald Balzer, named him "Leszko", which is now considered as incorrect. The correct form is ending with "ek". In document written in Latin Leszek was mentioned as "Lizstek" (1177). Most Polish historians use the version "Leszek", but some modern Polish historian started to use the version "Lestek". Historian Józef Mitkowski stated that Leszek was named thanks to the courtly tradition preserved by Gallus Anonymus in his "Cronicae Polonorum", but as pointed out by historian and genealogist Kazimierz Jasiński he could be named after the eldest

neg: Museum of Modern Art of Algiers d'Isly). The current curator is Mohamed Djehiche, an art historian. The MaMa presented a retrospective on Olivier Debré (May–August 2010) and a tribute to M'hamed Issiakhem (December 2010 – January 2011). www.mama-dz.com Museum of Modern Art of Algiers The Museum of Modern Art of Algiers (MaMa) is an art museum in Algiers. It was inaugurated in 2007. The building, built between 1901 and 1909, was first used as a department store, the Galeries de France. Its architecture is neo-moorish. It was rehabilitated to host the museum on five levels. The MaMa was opened at the occasion of the operation "Algiers,

neg: Carel Blotkamp Carel Blotkamp Carel Hendrik Blotkamp (born 1945) is a Dutch artist, art historian, writer and critic. He was a professor at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam between 1982 and 2007. Apart from his academic career Blotkamp is known for his work in art critique, writing for several newspapers and magazines. He also co-founded several art magazines. Blotkamp is considered an authority on "De Stijl" and magic realism, and wrote several books on modern artists. Blotkamp was born in Zeist in 1945. At an early age he started going to museums on his own. While in high school he started attended painting

neg: Johann Joachim Winckelmann Johann Joachim Winckelmann Johann Joachim Winckelmann (; ; 9 December 1717 – 8 June 1768) was a German art historian and archaeologist. He was a pioneering Hellenist who first articulated the difference between Greek, Greco-Roman and Roman art. "The prophet and founding hero of modern archaeology", Winckelmann was one of the founders of scientific archaeology and first applied the categories of style on a large, systematic basis to the history of art. Many consider him the father of the discipline of art history. He was one of the first to separate Greek Art into periods, and time classifications. His would

neg: Night in paintings (Western art) content, presentation, and emotional force secure its status as a groundbreaking, archetypal image of the horrors of war. Although it draws on many sources from both high and popular art, "The Third of May 1808" marks a clear break from convention. Diverging from the traditions of Christian art and traditional depictions of war, it has no distinct precedent, and is acknowledged as one of the first paintings of the modern era. According to the art historian Kenneth Clark, "The Third of May 1808" is "the first great picture which can be called revolutionary in every sense of the word, in

neg: Constantine Paparrigopoulos the other great modern Greek historian, Pavlos Karolidis. Paparrigopoulos not only offered a united image of the history (ancient-medieval-modern) of the Greek nation, but, at the same time, he articulated in the most stirring way the pains and the dramas of the modern Hellenism. All his main writings are in Greek. Constantine Paparrigopoulos Constantine Paparrigopoulos (; 1815 – 14 April 1891) was a Greek historian, who is considered the founder of modern Greek historiography. He is the founder of the concept of historical continuity of Greece from antiquity to the present, establishing the tripartite division of Greek history in ancient,

neg: Dorothy Hood paper, and newspaper, Hood explored the mind and human psyche by delineating reality and illusion in her collages. In 2015, Texas A&M curated an exhibit intended to be the first in-depth overview of Hood's art and life. The exhibit includes 65 paintings, and 35 drawings and collages. Susie Kalil, an art historian focused on modern Texan art, is writing the first book on Hood. In late 2016, the Art Museum of South Texas turned over the bulk of the museum to an exhibition of her works: Dorothy Hood: The Color of Being/El Color Del Sur. Hood created a collection of

neg: Kahn Lectures a distinguished authority in his own field, while special emphasis will be placed on the selection of subjects not included in the Princeton curriculum." After considering Arthur Pillans Laurie, Eugénie Sellers Strong and Herbert Joseph Spinden, the Department settled on the Swedish art historian Johnny Roosval, professor at Stockholm University, as the first lecturer. Roosval's lectures on Swedish art, described by Levine as "apparently not very exciting", were published in 1932. According to Levine, Roosval had been asked to extend his lectures to the modern architecture of Sweden, an area outside the expertise of the Swedish scholar, who was known

neg: Matthew Teitelbaum Matthew Teitelbaum Matthew D. Teitelbaum (born February 13, 1956) is a Canadian art historian, who is currently the director of Museum of Fine Arts in Boston, Massachusetts. Born in Toronto, Ontario, Teitelbaum is the son of the late painter Mashel Teitelbaum and Ethel. He holds a B.A. in Canadian history from Carleton University and an M.Phil. in modern European painting and sculpture from the Courtauld Institute of Art. He has taught and lectured at Harvard University, York University, and the University of Western Ontario. Teitelbaum first held curatorial positions with the Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston, and the Mendel Art

neg: Nicholas Cullinan the Guggenheim museums in Bilbao, New York and Venice. From 2007 to 2013 he was curator of international modern art at Tate Modern. He then joined the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York as its curator of modern and contemporary art. In 2014 he co-curated an exhibition of Henri Matisse's cut-outs at Tate Modern with Sir Nicholas Serota. The exhibition was the most successful in the gallery's history, attracting more than 500,000 visitors. Nicholas Cullinan Nicholas Cullinan (born 1977) is an art historian and curator. On 6 January 2015 it was announced that he would be the 12th director

neg: Ganutell Ganutell Ganutell is a Maltese art form of making artificial flowers from wire, thread, and beads. In his introduction to the book "Ganutell" by Maria Kerr, the Maltese scholar and historian Guido Lanfranco states that in Maltese eighteenth and nineteenth century history, one finds numerous references to ganutell which can be considered to be the Maltese art of making artistic flowers. The word "ganutell" is derived from the Italian "cannotiglio" and in fact this craft, which can also be considered to be an art, was "imported" to Malta during the eighteenth century from mainland Europe. The way the craft eventually

neg: Pompiliu Eliade its language leaves. The artistic phase involves the material condition (prosody, vocabulary, tropes), the ways of sketching action (narrative or descriptive). In the third, the critic attempts to penetrate the author's philosophy, the idea of the work. The fourth step sketches a human profile of the author and his personality traits. Along with criticism, he considered literary history to be an art, writing that "it would be wonderful for the historian to be able to give the feeling of a novel". Many of his opinions regarding the pre-modern poets have been rendered obsolete by subsequent research: for instance, he did

neg: Juliana R. Force Goodrich, an art historian, to be curator of the Whitney Museum of American Art, best known throughout the United States for displaying new kinds and unusual styles of modern art from living artists. Force's passion for new styles of art and her organizational traits made her an administrative director of the nationally known art museum notable for twentieth and twenty-first century art. Force initiated the first display of American folk art in a gallery in the United States, the "Early American Art" collection. On February 9, 1924 she began a presentation of folk art in a Whitney gallery that she

neg: Inés Katzenstein Inés Katzenstein Inés Katzenstein is an Argentine curator, art historian, and art critic who specializes in Latin American art. Katzenstein was born in Argentina. Katzenstein has a B.A. in communications from the University of Buenos Aires. In 2001, Katzenstein received an M.A. in curatorial studies from the Center for Curatorial Studies at Bard College. In 2000, Katzenstein got a position at the Museum of Modern Art, where she began as an assistant to the editor-in-chief of "Listen, Here, Now! Argentine Art in the 1960s," part of MoMa's International Program Primary Documents publication series, and the first one to focus on

neg: Alexandre Benois an entire chapter dedicated to Hans von Bartels. Alexandre Benois Alexandre Nikolayevich Benois (; , Saint Petersburg9 February 1960, Paris) was a Russian artist, art critic, historian, preservationist, and founding member of "Mir iskusstva" (World of Art), an art movement and magazine. As a designer for the Ballets Russes under Sergei Diaghilev, Benois exerted what is considered a seminal influence on the modern ballet and stage design. Alexandre was born into the artistic and intellectual Benois family, prominent members of the 19th- and early 20th-century Russian intelligentsia. His mother Camilla (ru: Камилла Альбертовна Кавос, and then Бенуа) was the granddaughter

neg: New Hague School (visual arts) Fugare group, and/or the Posthoorn-group. These groups were considered to be the main part of the New Hague School. This term was first used by Jos de Gruyter (1899–1979), chief curator of modern art at the Gemeentemuseum Den Haag and later director. The painters: And the sculptors: Artists, that later joined the group: Some of contemporary artists, which can be considered part of the New Hague School, but didn't joined Verve, Fugare and the Posthoorn-group, such as: Furthermore, also some of the contemporaries, who exhibited at the art gallery "De Posthoorn," such as: New Hague School (visual arts) The New

neg: Édouard Manet made possible the completion of a painting in a single sitting. It was adopted by the Impressionists, and became the prevalent method of painting in oils for generations that followed. Manet's work is considered "early modern", partially because of the opaque flatness of his surfaces, the frequent sketchlike passages, and the black outlining of figures, all of which draw attention to the surface of the picture plane and the material quality of paint. The art historian Beatrice Farwell says Manet "has been universally regarded as the Father of Modernism. With Courbet he was among the first to take serious risks

neg: Electro-Spanish Ken Roberts of their early creations. Although mostly forgotten by history, the Ken Roberts represents a fascinating and important step in the evolution of the modern electric guitar." Historian and author Rich Maloof stated in his 2017 article titled ""Who Really Invented the Electric Guitar""featured on Reverb.com: "With less than 50 built, the Ken Roberts guitar was, in many ways, the first modern electric Spanish–style guitar ever produced." Electro-Spanish Ken Roberts Manufactured by Rickenbacker, the Electro-Spanish Ken Roberts is considered the pioneering "grandfather" to the modern electric guitar as it was the first commercially produced full, twenty-five inch scale electric guitar ever

neg: The Third of May 1808 as a groundbreaking, archetypal image of the horrors of war. Although it draws on many sources from both high and popular art, "The Third of May 1808" marks a clear break from convention. Diverging from the traditions of Christian art and traditional depictions of war, it has no distinct precedent, and is acknowledged as one of the first paintings of the modern era. According to the art historian Kenneth Clark, "The Third of May 1808" is "the first great picture which can be called revolutionary in every sense of the word, in style, in subject, and in intention". "The Third

neg: David Scott (art historian) Post-World War II painting, namely Abstracts. He was known to be fond of Arshile Gorky, Stephen Sacklarian, and Millard Sheets, whom he took a class from, among other notable Contemporary Abstractionists. Scott's first wife, Tirsa Saavedra, died in 1986. He later married Doris White Scott. He is survived by two daughters, four stepchildren, and four grandchildren. David Scott (art historian) David W. Scott (July 10, 1916 – March 30, 2009) was an art historian and artist who managed several important American art collections. Scott was born in Fall River, Massachusetts. After high school, he studied with Millard Sheets prior to

neg: Thomas E. Crow Chicago, Princeton University, the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, the University of Sussex, Yale University and the University of Southern California. He served as director of the Getty Research Institute from 2000 to 2007, and started a new position as the Rosalie Solow Professor of Modern Art at New York University's Institute of Fine Arts in September 2007. Crow is a contributing editor to Artforum. Thomas E. Crow Thomas E. Crow (born 1948) is an American art historian and art critic who is best known for his influential writing on the role of art in modern society and culture. Crow

neg: Cheng Shifa Cheng Shifa Cheng Shifa (; 1921 – June 17, 2007) was a Chinese calligrapher, painter, and cartoonist. Cheng was born in a small Chinese village outside the city of Shanghai in 1921, in modern Fengjing township. He originally studied medicine before deciding to focus on art. He graduated from Shanghai Art College in 1941. Cheng staged his first art show in 1942. Cheng was originally known as an illustrator. He initially gained attention for illustrating short stories for Lu Xun, who is considered to be one of the 20th century's best known Chinese satirists. However, Cheng ultimately became best known

neg: Australian Tonalism attacked various forms of modern art which Meldrum considered to be ego-based and technically inferior. Australian Tonalism's conceptual complexities and illusionary soft focus aesthetic is now regarded as a precursor to modernist styles of painting, including minimalism. Meldrum's students staged their first group exhibition at the Athenaeum Gallery in 1919. In 2008, the Art Gallery of South Australia debuted "Misty Moderns", the first major exhibition to cover Australian Tonalism since the movement's demise. Apart from Meldrum, "Misty Moderns" featured works by 17 of Meldrum's pupils and artists who formatively experimented with his tonalist system, including Clarice Beckett, Percy Leason, Colin

neg: Inés Katzenstein Latin American Art at the Museum of Modern Art. Inés Katzenstein Inés Katzenstein is an Argentine curator, art historian, and art critic who specializes in Latin American art. Katzenstein was born in Argentina. Katzenstein has a B.A. in communications from the University of Buenos Aires. In 2001, Katzenstein received an M.A. in curatorial studies from the Center for Curatorial Studies at Bard College. In 2000, Katzenstein got a position at the Museum of Modern Art, where she began as an assistant to the editor-in-chief of "Listen, Here, Now! Argentine Art in the 1960s," part of MoMa's International Program Primary Documents

neg: Alexandre Benois Alexandre Benois Alexandre Nikolayevich Benois (; , Saint Petersburg9 February 1960, Paris) was a Russian artist, art critic, historian, preservationist, and founding member of "Mir iskusstva" (World of Art), an art movement and magazine. As a designer for the Ballets Russes under Sergei Diaghilev, Benois exerted what is considered a seminal influence on the modern ballet and stage design. Alexandre was born into the artistic and intellectual Benois family, prominent members of the 19th- and early 20th-century Russian intelligentsia. His mother Camilla (ru: Камилла Альбертовна Кавос, and then Бенуа) was the granddaughter of Catterino Cavos. His father was Nicholas Benois,

neg: Documenta Documenta documenta is an exhibition of contemporary art which takes place every five years in Kassel, Germany. It was founded by artist, teacher and curator Arnold Bode in 1955 as part of the Bundesgartenschau (Federal Horticultural Show) which took place in Kassel at that time, and was an attempt to bring Germany up to speed with modern art, both banishing and repressing the cultural darkness of Nazism. This first "documenta" featured many artists who are generally considered to have had a significant influence on modern art (such as Picasso and Kandinsky). The more recent "documentas" feature art from all continents;

neg: Catherine David and modern periods. Catherine David Catherine David (born 1954) is a French art historian, curator and museum director. David was the first woman and the first non-German speaker to curate documenta X in Kassel, Germany (21 June – 28 September 1997). David is currently deputy director of the National Museum of Modern Art (Musée National d'Art Moderne) at the Centre Georges Pompidou. She was born and lives in Paris. David studied Spanish and Portuguese literature, linguistics and art history at the Université de la Sorbonne and the École du Louvre in Paris. From 1981 to 1990 she was a curator

neg: Neil Levine (art historian) from the Association of American Publishers. Neil Levine (art historian) Neil Levine is Emmet Blakeney Gleason Professor of the History of Art and Architecture at Harvard University. He was Slade Professor of Fine Art at the University of Cambridge, 1994-95. His lectures during his Slade professorship were collected in his book, "Modern Architecture: Representation and Reality", published by Yale University Press in 2010. He is a specialist in the architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright. His 2015 book "The Urbanism of Frank Lloyd Wright", was the first to examine in depth Wright's plans for the city. It won the 2017 PROSE

neg: Neil Levine (art historian) Neil Levine (art historian) Neil Levine is Emmet Blakeney Gleason Professor of the History of Art and Architecture at Harvard University. He was Slade Professor of Fine Art at the University of Cambridge, 1994-95. His lectures during his Slade professorship were collected in his book, "Modern Architecture: Representation and Reality", published by Yale University Press in 2010. He is a specialist in the architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright. His 2015 book "The Urbanism of Frank Lloyd Wright", was the first to examine in depth Wright's plans for the city. It won the 2017 PROSE Award in Architecture & Urban Planning

neg: Niels Laurits Høyen Niels Laurits Høyen Niels Laurits Andreas Høyen (4 June 1798 – 29 April 1870) is considered to be the first Danish art historian and critic. He promoted a Danish nationalistic art through his writings and lectures, and exerted a far reaching effect on contemporary artists. His work in various cultural institutions helped steer the development of Danish art during the mid-19th century. Høyen was born in Copenhagen to distiller Anders Larsen Høyen and wife, Inger Margrethe. He was bright and did well in school. He was an avid reader, and was interested in art and history. He was lucky to

neg: Douglas Cooper (art historian) Douglas Cooper (art historian) (Arthur William) Douglas Cooper, who also published as Douglas Lord (20 February 1911 – 1 April 1984) was a British art historian, art critic and art collector. He mainly collected Cubist works. Cooper's father, Arthur Hamilton Cooper, O.St.J, D.L., of The Manor House, Blandford St Mary, Dorset, a Major with the Essex Regiment, was the second son of Sir William Charles Cooper, 3rd Baronet; his mother, Mabel Alice, was the daughter of Sir William Henry Marriott Smith-Marriott, 5th Baronet. Cooper's biographer and longtime partner John Richardson considered his suffering from the social exclusion of his family

neg: Guido Cagnacci He died in Vienna in 1663. Art historian Pier Giorgio Pasini says Cagnacci's art "was highly appreciated, as is demonstrated by contemporary eulogies (Mazzoni, and Martinioni in Sansovino) and by the summons (c. 1660) to Vienna to be court painter to Emperor Leopold I". His work remained popular in the 18th century, but subsequently fell into obscurity until reassessed by modern critics. The artist's rediscovery began in 1959 with the "Seicento Bolognese" exhibition. Art historian Luisa Vertova says the inconsistent quality of Cagnacci's work is bewildering: "his compositions amount to little more than empirical juxtapositions in uncertain spaces, his backdrops

neg: Marijan Mole of 39, when he was already considered one of the most gifted Iranists of his generation. He was survived by his wife and a son. Marijan Mole Marijan Molé (Ljubljana, 28 July 1924–Paris, 6 May 1963) was a Slovenian-Polish scholar of Middle and Modern Iranian studies, who also contributed to the fields of Islamic and particularly Sufi studies. His father, Vojeslav Molé (1886-1973), was a Slovenian writer and historian of art who lectured at the University of Ljubljana. In 1925 he moved as a visiting professor to Poland, the native land of Marijan’s mother. Molé showed an early interest in

neg: Eliza Acton books, and was a development of Acton's own. Acton wrote that each recipe had been cooked and "proved beneath our own roof and under our own personal inspection". The food historian Sarah Freeman describes the cooking instructions Acton produced as being written "so conscientiously, and with such gastronomic sensitivity, that ... ["Modern Cookery"] was as much a work of art on food as it was functional". The reviews for "Modern Cookery" were positive, and the critic from "The Morning Post" considered it "unquestionably the most valuable compendium of the art that has yet been published". The review in "The Spectator"

neg: Degenerate art regulation of the arts. In the case of Germany, the model was to be classical Greek and Roman art, regarded by Hitler as an art whose exterior form embodied an inner racial ideal. Art historian Henry Grosshans says that Hitler "saw Greek and Roman art as uncontaminated by Jewish influences. Modern art was [seen as] an act of aesthetic violence by the Jews against the German spirit. Such was true to Hitler even though only Liebermann, Meidner, Freundlich, and Marc Chagall, among those who made significant contributions to the German modernist movement, were Jewish. But Hitler ... took upon himself

neg: Art criticism art historian R. Siva Kumar, "The borders between art history and art criticism... are no more as firmly drawn as they once used to be. It perhaps began with art historians taking interest in modern art." Art criticism includes a descriptive aspect, where the work of art is sufficiently translated into words so as to allow a case to be made. The evaluation of a work of art that follows the description (or is interspersed with it) depends as much on the artist's output as on the experience of the critic. There is in an activity with such a marked

neg: Aniconism in Judaism of Jewish visual arts, the historian of ideas Kalman Bland recently proposed that the phenomenon is a modern construction, and that "Jewish aniconism crystallized simultaneously with the construction of modern Jewish identities". Others have also argued that the notion of a total prohibition of figural representation in the Biblical and Hellenistic-Roman periods is untenable. Until the 20th century, Judaism was believed always to have been aniconic. The view was probably first challenged by Dávid Kaufmann, who marshalled a large and comprehensive corpus of data in order to prove it untenable. He was the first to use the term “Jewish art”

neg: Spyridon Prosalentis Spyridon Prosalentis Spyridon Prosalentis (; Corfu, 1830 – Athens, 1895) was a Greek portrait painter of the Heptanese School. His first name is sometimes seen as Spyros. Prosalentis was descended from a noble Byzantine family, who fled to areas under the control of the Venetian Republic after the Fall of Constantinople. His father was Pavlos Prosalentis, who is considered to be the first significant modern Greek sculptor and, in 1811, created Greece's first art school. His earliest lessons naturally came from his father. Later, he finished his education at the Accademia di Belle Arti di Venezia. He remained in Italy

neg: H. Harvard Arnason H. Harvard Arnason Hjorvardur Harvard Arnason (1909 – 1986) was an American academic, administrator, author and art historian focusing on modern art. His most enduring contribution was his survey of modern art, "History of Modern Art: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture & Photography" which was first published in 1968. Now in its seventh edition, it has remained a standard volume on the modern period. Arnason was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada to Icelandic immigrants, Sveinbjorn Arnason and Maria (Bjarnadottir) Arnason. He attended the University of Manitoba from 1925 to 1927, then immigrating to the United States where he attended Northwestern University, graduating

neg: Les Demoiselles d'Avignon knocked Matisse and Fauvism off the map, virtually ending the movement by the following year. In 1907 Picasso joined the art gallery that had recently been opened in Paris by Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler (1884–1979). Kahnweiler was a German art historian, art collector who became one of the premier French art dealers of the 20th century. He became prominent in Paris beginning in 1907 for being among the first champions of Pablo Picasso, and especially his painting "Les Demoiselles d'Avignon." Before 1910 Picasso was already being recognized as one of the important leaders of Modern art alongside Henri Matisse who had been

neg: Gaston Chaissac Gaston Chaissac Gaston Chaissac (1910–1964) was a French painter. An autodidact and son of the French rural working class, he became involved in the art world when he lived next door to Otto Freundlich and Jeanne Kosnick-Kloss in Paris during the 1930s. They showed him modern art and supported his efforts to paint, helping him along and promoting his work. Gaston Chaissac is often considered to be part of the Art Brut or Outsider Art category. Some artists have described his style as "modern rustic." Chaissac's art was praised by Jean Dubuffet when he first came across it in 1946.

neg: Antoine Seilern Antoine Seilern Count Antoine Seilern (17 September 1901 – 6 July 1978) was an Anglo-Austrian art collector and art historian. He was considered, along with Sir Denis Mahon, to be one of a handful of important collectors who was also a respected scholar. The bulk of his collection was bequeathed to the Courtauld Institute of Art and most is on display at the Courtauld Gallery in London. Count Antoine Edward Seilern und Aspang was born on 17 September 1901 at Frensham Place, Farnham, in Surrey, England. He was the youngest of the three sons of Count Carl Seilern und Aspang

neg: Seal (East Asia) would use their seals (generally leisure seals and studio seals) to identify his/her work. These types of seals were called "Nakkwan" (낙관, 落款). As seal-carving itself was considered a form of art, many artists carved their own seals. Seals of Joseon-period calligraphist and natural historian Kim Jung-hee (aka Wandang or Chusa) are considered as antiquity. In modern Korea, the use of seals is still common. Most Koreans have personal seals, and every government agency and commercial corporation has its own seals to use in public documents. While signing is also accepted, many Koreans think it is more formal to use

neg: Arthur Jerome Eddy would become Bloch's most important collector, owning over forty paintings and etchings. Eddy's collection in modern art would grow to over 100 works of art. 1914 saw the publication of perhaps his most important writing, "Cubists and Post-Impressionism", a large portion of which was based on information that Eddy obtained from the artists themselves. It is considered to be the first work published in the United States in which Modern Art was presented and explained sympathetically. Additionally it was the first adequate account of Kandinsky in America; the artist had been represented by only one painting in the Armory Show

neg: Gabrielle Civil Performance at in, "Performance Art: Futurism to the Present," she defines performance art and its significance to the developments made in modern art. She acknowledges that no definition can be encompassing of performance art if it were to be specific. "Performance has been considered as a way of bringing to life the many formal and conceptual ideas on which the making of art is based." There is a significance within current society to performance art and the cultural impact it has and how culture impacts the arts. "This latest account describes the huge increase in the number of twenty-first century

neg: Michael Sullivan (art historian) to the University of Oxford as a Fellow by Special Election at St Catherine's College, Oxford. He lived in Oxford, England. He was Slade Professor of Fine Art at the University of Oxford for 1973–74. Sullivan was a major art collector who owned more than 400 works of art, including paintings by Chinese masters Qi Baishi, Zhang Daqian, and Wu Guanzhong. His was one of the world's most significant collections of modern Chinese art. He bequeathed his collection to the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford, which has a gallery dedicated to Sullivan and his wife Khoan. Michael Sullivan (art historian) Donovan

neg: J. P. Hodin J. P. Hodin Josef Paul Hodin (Prague, 1905 - London, 1995) was a Czechoslovak art historian who in 1954 won the first international prize for art criticism at the Venice Biennale for his work on Surrealism and Francis Bacon. Hodin obtained his Doctorate at Charles University in Prague and moved to London during World War II to work as a press attaché to the Norwegian government-in-exile. His work was characterised by strong psychological analysis of the artist's character and an interest in geistesgeschichte and the zeitgeist. Hodin was a specialist in modern art and this is reflected in his published

neg: John Hayes (art historian) John Hayes (art historian) John Trevor Hayes (21 January 1929 – 25 December 2005) was a British art historian and museum director. He was an authority on the paintings of Thomas Gainsborough. Hayes was educated at Ardingly College and read modern history at Keble College, Oxford after which he undertook a postgraduate diploma at the Courtauld Institute of Art. In 1954 he became assistant keeper of the London Museum in Kensington Palace, the forerunner to the modern Museum of London. He developed an interest in Gainsborough after realising that British artists had hitherto been neglected by art-historical scholarship. Taking advantage

neg: Anil de Silva Anil de Silva Anil de Silva (1909–1996), known as Anil (Marcia) de Silva-Vigier, was a Sri Lankan journalist, political activist, author, art critic, and art historian. She worked for "Marg", a quarterly Indian journal on traditional and modern art, and was co-editor of the children's magazine "Toycart"; She founded the Indian People's Theatre Association, was associated with the Indian Communist party, and was considered Bombay's avant-garde. In 1958 she launched an expedition to China to study cave paintings. She published several books, of which the most prominent were: "The Life of the Buddha Through Painting and Sculpture" (1955), "The Art

neg: Antipodeans recruited a young critic, Robert Hughes, to oppose the stance of Bernard Smith. In 1999 the now internationally known art movement Stuckism was founded, which among other preceding art movements draws on the principles of The Antipodeans. Antipodeans The Antipodeans were a group of Australian modern artists who asserted the importance of figurative art, and protested against abstract expressionism. They staged a single exhibition in Melbourne during August 1959. The Antipodeans group consisted of seven modern painters and the art historian Bernard Smith, who compiled "The Antipodean Manifesto", a declaration fashioned from the artists' comments as a catalogue essay to

neg: Susan Best Susan Best Susan Best is an art historian with expertise in critical theory and modern and contemporary art. Best is a Professor at the Queensland College of Art, Griffith University. Her book, "Visualizing Feeling: Affect and the Feminine Avant-garde" focuses on four women artists of the 1960s and 70s: Eva Hesse, Lygia Clark, Ana Mendieta and Theresa Hak Kyung Cha. It shows how their work transforms the avant-garde protocols of the period by introducing an affective dimension to late modern art. According to Suzannah Biernoff "Visualizing Feeling: Affect and the Feminine Avant-garde" "should be compulsory reading for anyone interested in

neg: Karl Gotthard Lamprecht in 1905 as "What is History?" Lamprecht's work was a formative influence in the thinking of the French social historian Marc Bloch as well the Annales School. One of his students was Cai Yuanpei, who later served as the chancellor of Beijing University and had an enormous influence on modern Chinese thought. Karl Gotthard Lamprecht Karl Gotthard Lamprecht (25 February 1856 – 10 May 1915) was a German historian who specialized in German art and economic history. Lamprecht was born in Jessen in the Province of Saxony. As a student, he trained in history, political science, economics, and art at

neg: Niels Laurits Høyen and the University shortly after his death. Niels Laurits Høyen Niels Laurits Andreas Høyen (4 June 1798 – 29 April 1870) is considered to be the first Danish art historian and critic. He promoted a Danish nationalistic art through his writings and lectures, and exerted a far reaching effect on contemporary artists. His work in various cultural institutions helped steer the development of Danish art during the mid-19th century. Høyen was born in Copenhagen to distiller Anders Larsen Høyen and wife, Inger Margrethe. He was bright and did well in school. He was an avid reader, and was interested in

neg: Iraqi art poetry as well as arts. In the 20th century, an art revival, which combined both tradition and modern techniques, produced many notable poets, painters and sculptors who contributed to the inventory of public artworks, especially in Baghdad. These artists are highly regarded in the Middle East, and some have earned international recognition. The Iraqi modern art movement had a profound influence on pan-Arab art generally. The art historian, Nada Shabout, points out that Iraqi art remains largely undocumented. The West has very little idea about Iraqi art. Problems associated with documenting a complete picture of Iraqi art have been compounded

neg: Niki Hastings-McFall Gallery of Modern Art and the British Museum. Niki Hastings-McFall Niki Hastings-McFall (born 1959) is a New Zealand jeweller and artist of Samoan and Pākehā descent. She has been described by art historian Karen Stevenson as one of the core members of a group of artists of Pasifika descent who brought contemporary Pacific art to 'national prominence and international acceptance'. In 2000 Hastings-McFall graduated from the Manukau Institute of Technology with a Bachelor of Visual Arts majoring in Jewellery. Much of her work references her Samoan heritage, which she began learning about when she first met her father in 1992.

neg: Denis Mahon also left the Art Fund a further £1 million cash bequest. Denis Mahon Sir John Denis Mahon, (8 November 1910 – 24 April 2011) was a British collector and historian of Italian art. Considered to be one of the few art collectors who was also a respected scholar, he is generally credited, alongside Sacheverell Sitwell and Tancred Borenius, with bringing Italian pre-Baroque and Baroque painters to the attention of English-speaking audiences, reversing the critical aversion to their work that had prevailed from the time of John Ruskin. Born in London into a wealthy Anglo-Irish family, his father John FitzGerald Mahon

neg: R. Siva Kumar joined Kala Bhavan and completed his MFA in history of art. Since 1981, Professor Siva Kumar, who is often considered to be "the most erudite and self-effacing art historian" of his time, has been teaching art history at Kala Bhavana, where he has held several offices, including that of the Principal. His writings on Abanindranath Tagore and the Santiniketan artists have contributed a new perspective on them by shifting the critical focus from nationalist revivalism to a context sensitive modernism. Among his curated exhibitions commissioned to mark the fifty years of Indian independence, "Benodebehari: A Centenary Retrospective" (co-curated with Ghulam

neg: John Hayes (art historian) photographs, journal offprints and drafts of publications. John Hayes (art historian) John Trevor Hayes (21 January 1929 – 25 December 2005) was a British art historian and museum director. He was an authority on the paintings of Thomas Gainsborough. Hayes was educated at Ardingly College and read modern history at Keble College, Oxford after which he undertook a postgraduate diploma at the Courtauld Institute of Art. In 1954 he became assistant keeper of the London Museum in Kensington Palace, the forerunner to the modern Museum of London. He developed an interest in Gainsborough after realising that British artists had hitherto