query: rule that applies to one group but not another

pos: Double standard Double standard A double standard is the application of different sets of principles for similar situations. It is most commonly seen as a decisive psychological tool used to defend one’s ego or subconscious from the shortcomings of one’s own set of values or contrasting principles. It is the employment of a hypocritical and biased standpoint, with which to separate the seemingly bad in others from the bad in oneself by having two sets of rules for the same concept. Margaret Eichler, author of "The Double Standard," explains that a double standard “implies that two things which are the same are

neg: Legal opportunism taking self-interested action would mean "breaking" the law). The law should serve them, and not the other way around; or, there is "one rule for them, and another rule for other people." Often, legal opportunism is enabled because a rule must be "interpreted" in order to "apply" it (i.e., how exactly it applies in the given situation is not self-evident or obvious), where the chosen interpretation is precisely the one that favours one's self-interest. If a situation is governed by many different and possibly conflicting rules, some choices may be possible in deciding exactly "which" rule applies. The opportunist then

neg: Rylands v Fletcher this respect similar to the new rule, is not absolute as it is subject to many exceptions but the new rule in Mehta’s case is not only strict but absolute and is subject to no exception. Another important point of distinction between the two rules is in the matter of award of damages. Damages awardable where the rule in Rylands v. Fletcher applies will be ordinary or compensatory; but in cases where the rule applicable is the one laid down in MC Mehta’s case the court can allow exemplary damages, and the bigger and more prosperous the enterprise, the greater

neg: Composting toilet of a dry toilet as long as excreta are not referred to as "fertilizer" (but instead simply a material that is being disposed of). Federal rule 503, known colloquially as the "EPA Biosolids rule" or the "EPA sludge rule" applies only to fertilizer. Thus, individual states regulate composting toilets. The regulations for composting toilets and other forms of dry toilets in Germany vary from state to state and from one application to another (e.g. use in allotment gardens or use in family homes and settlements). In the different states of Germany, it is the "Landesbauordnung" (translates to "state civil engineering

neg: Tz database applies), the format for time zone abbreviations, and, for all but the last zone line, the date and time at which the range of date and time governed by that line ends. The rules for daylight saving time are specified in named rule sets. Each rule set has one or more rule lines in the time zone text files. A rule line contains the name of the rule set to which it belongs, the first year in which the rule applies, the last year in which the rule applies (or "only" if it applies only in one year or "max"

neg: Narrowing of algebraic value sets an expression. If there was a general rule for function application of constraint expressions, then a constraint could be treated like a value. Under function application, of one let expression to another, But a different rule applies for applying the let expression to itself. Note that the let expression does not restrict the scope of the variable x, so x is the same variable in the two let expressions. There appears no simple rule for combining let expressions. What is required is a general form of expression that represents a variable whose value is a member of a set of

neg: Doctrine of bias in Singapore law of an adjudicator will not be permitted to destroy the only tribunal with power to act. The rule applies regardless of whether the disqualification arguably arises from the combination of prosecutorial and judicial functions, pecuniary interest, personal hostility or bias. However, there are limitations to the rule of necessity. One suggested limitation is that the rule is inapplicable if the disqualification of a member will still leave a quorum of an administrative agency capable of acting. Another is that the rule of necessity will not justify an adjudicator sitting where actual bias can be shown. Upon disclosure that the judge

neg: Rule against perpetuities his death. The rule never applies to conditions placed on a conveyance to a charity that, if violated, would convey the property to another charity. For example, a conveyance "to the Red Cross, so long as it operates an office on the property, but if it does not, then to the World Wildlife Fund" would be valid under the rule, because both parties are charities. Even though the interest of the Fund might not vest for hundreds of years, the conveyance would nonetheless be held valid. The exception, however, does not apply if the conveyance, upon violation of the condition,

neg: Shelter rule of Blackacre. The rule has several purposes. One is to allow a bona fide purchaser, who is entitled to hold and enjoy the property, to have a congruent entitlement to sell that property. Another is to prevent the use of the property from being held up in litigation. There are two exceptions to the shelter rule: The shelter rule also applies to the transfer of negotiable instruments. If the recipient of a negotiable interest is a donee (that is, a person who receives by gift), that person would generally not have the rights of a holder in due course -

neg: Slovak orthography This rule applies also over the word boundary. One example is as follows: "prísť domov" (to come home) and "viac jahôd" (more strawberries). The voiced counterpart of "ch" is , and the unvoiced counterpart of "h" is . A long syllable (that is, a syllable containing á, é, í, ý, ó, ú, ŕ, ĺ, ia, , iu, ô) cannot be followed by another long one in the next syllable within the same word. This rule has morphonemic implications for declension (e.g. "žen-ám" but "tráv-am") and conjugation (e.g. "nos-ím" but "súd-im"). Several exceptions of this rule exist. It is typical of

neg: Equal-time rule equal-time rule applies to the political candidate only. The Zapple Doctrine had the same purpose and requirements of equivalent coverage opportunity as the equal-time rule, but its scope included the candidate's spokesman and supporters, not the candidate. Equal-time rule The equal-time rule specifies that U.S. radio and television broadcast stations must provide an equivalent opportunity to any opposing political candidates who request it. This means, for example, that if a station gives a given amount of time to a candidate in prime time, it must do the same for another candidate who requests it, at the same price if applicable.

neg: Righthand head rule of morphology, but has been subject to much severe criticism. The main point of criticism is that it is empirically insufficient because it ignores numerous cases where the head does not appear in the righthand position (PREP=preposition, NEG=negation): Another main point of criticism is that the righthand head rule is too Eurocentric, or even Anglocentric, taking into consideration only morphological processes typical of European languages (mainly English) and ignoring processes from languages all over the world. Certainly in certain languages a lefthand head rule applies rather than a righthand head rule. Many linguists reject the righthand head rule as being

neg: Inscrutability of reference familiar one, but among every language. This holds also for languages which are quite similar, like German and Dutch, and even for speakers of the same language. One cannot with certainty say, what exactly his/her conversational partner refers to, when that person is talking about a rabbit. We commonly use the homophonic rule in those cases, i.e., if one utters "rabbit", we assume s/he uses it in the same way we do. But, as has been shown, there are multiple possibilities which can be indistinguishable from one another. This also applies in our own case. We ourselves do not know

neg: Free abelian group free abelian. The same applies to flatness, since an abelian group is torsion-free if and only if it is flat. The additive group of rational numbers formula_55 provides an example of a torsion-free (but not finitely generated) abelian group that is not free abelian. One reason that formula_55 is not free abelian is that it is divisible, meaning that, for every element formula_57 and every nonzero integer formula_53, it is possible to express formula_52 as a scalar multiple formula_60 of another element formula_61. In contrast, non-zero free abelian groups are never divisible, because it is impossible for any of their

neg: Casey v The Master of whether or not someone who negligently killed another may inherit in terms of the deceased's will. The court found that the answer was 'no'. In general terms anyone may benefit from a will, however, an exception is made in the Roman-Dutch law:the court held that the "bloedige" hand rule, which means that no one may benefit from the death of their own victim, still applies and has not become obsolete by disuse. Accordingly, the deceased’s husband was not allowed to inherit but could take half of the common estate in terms of the matrimonial property law. Casey v The

neg: Let expression not allowed to be of type Boolean. For Boolean "F" the correct statement of the dropping rule uses implication instead of equality, It may appear strange that a different rule applies for Boolean than other types. The reason for this is that the rule, only applies where "F" is Boolean. The combination of the two rules creates a contradiction, so where one rule holds, the other does not. Let expressions may be defined with multiple variables, then it can be derived, so, The Eta reduction gives a rule for describing lambda abstractions. This rule along with the two laws derived

neg: Profit risk the diversification strategies commonly used for investment asset allocations, real estate diversification, and other portfolio risk management techniques. The concept of profit risk is loosely akin to the well known "80/20" rule or the Pareto principle, which states that approximately 20% of a company's customers drive 80% of the business. This rule and principle may be appropriate for some industries, but not for the financial services industry. According to Rich Weissman, it is true that this small group of customers dominate the income statement, but the old "80/20" rule no longer applies. "There are real-life examples where financial institutions have

neg: Clark v. Martinez unanchored interpretation ignores another indication that the Attorney General's detention discretion was not limited to this truncated period. Section 1231(a)(6) permits continued detention not only of removable aliens but also of "inadmissible" aliens, for instance those stopped at the border before entry. Congress provides for detention of both categories within the same statutory grant of authority. Accepting the majority's interpretation, then, there are two possibilities, neither of which is sustainable. On the one hand, it "may" be that the majority's rule applies to both categories of aliens, in which case we are asked to assume that Congress intended to restrict

neg: Fashion Originators' Guild of America v. FTC examining the buyer’s reasons or justifications) apply the "per se" rule if it finds no legitimate business reason for that purchasing decision. We conclude no boycott-related "per se" rule applies and that the plaintiff here must allege and prove harm, not just to a single competitor, but to the competitive process, "i.e.", to competition itself. The Court pointed to precedent: "FOGA" involved "a group boycott in the strongest sense: A group of competitors threatened to withhold business from third parties unless those third parties would help them injure their directly competing rivals." "Klor's" "also involved a horizontal agreement among those

neg: Hearsay in United States law to make reliability determinations only for hearsay that is offered under a "catchall" exception, such as Federal Rule of Evidence Rule 807, or under new or non-traditional hearsay exceptions that are not "firmly rooted". However, "Crawford v. Washington" overruled "Ohio v. Roberts". One major misconception about the hearsay rule is that hearsay is never admissible in court. While the general rule is that such evidence is inadmissible, there are many exceptions. There are two other common misconceptions concerning the hearsay rule. The first is that hearsay applies only to oral statements. The hearsay rule applies to all out-of-court statements whether

neg: South African criminal law is that the rule only applies to cases in which the accused was actually aware that he was creating a risk of danger through his prior conduct, but persisted in that conduct anyway, but it does not apply to cases in which the accused, although negligent, was oblivious to the risk he was creating. As the SCA decided, in "S v Lungile", “A person who voluntarily joins a criminal gang or group and participates in the execution of a criminal offence cannot successfully raise the defence of compulsion when, in the course of such execution, he is ordered by one

neg: Biloxi language te|| > /kite te/ 'she wanted to hit him'. CC > C The following rule optionally applies to compounds: XV#CY > XCY That may lead to otherwise-disallowed clusters, including geminates: The following rule applies to compounds: Vn#C > V̨#C The following rules are conditioned by person markers on nouns and verbs: Stems beginning with /h/ and some beginning with /y/ (morphophonemically distinguished as ||Y||) undergo the following (obligatory for h-stems but optional for Y-stems): However, that does not apply for y-initial (rather than Y-initial) stems: The following rule applies before roots and the dative marker "ki": (optionally) ||ay|| > /aya~ya/

neg: Central Alberta Dairy Pool v Alberta (Human Rights Commission) hardship and if so, whether the Dairy Plant reasonably accommodated Christie's religious beliefs. Wilson J, writing for the majority, held there was no "bona fide" occupational requirement for Monday attendance and that the dairy farm did not accommodate to the point of undue hardship. Wilson described the situation of one of adverse effect discrimination, which she defined as "a rule that is neutral on its face but has an adverse effect on certain members of the group to whom it applies". Monday attendance, she found, was an isolated incident and there was no evidence that it would be a recurring

neg: Nonqualified deferred compensation Thus, while the old rule of thumb was 5% (based on Belka); Extebank appears to allow for up to 15% eligibility. The Second Circuit determined that the term "primarily" applies to both benefits and participants. Small number of participants who don't meet Top Hat definition will not taint the plan. Court considered qualitative factors in determining a Top Hat Group: Court considered quantitative factors: "Another Case": Gallione v. Flaherty, 70 F.3d 724. Court refers to number of members in the union when considering plan established for union management. There does not appear to be an adoption by the DOL of

neg: Expert witness so today than in the past. Video recordings of bank robberies and audio recordings of life threats are presented in court rooms by electronic expert witnesses. "Hearsay Rule" One important rule that applies to the expert witness but not the percipient witness is the exception to the hearsay rule. A percipient witness tells only what he/she actually knows about a case and nothing more. Percipient witnesses cannot give opinions nor conjecture regarding a hypothetical set of conditions. Conversely, the court does allow an expert to testify about issues that may not be personally known by them. This allows the expert

neg: Dvorak (game) are most often used to tell players how to win. When created, special rules are proposed and accepted as normal cards are. However, they are set aside, not shuffled into the draw pile, if they are accepted. They do not count as "cards" for the purposes of interpreting rules. Some cards can bend the rules. For example, if someone plays a card that says "draw three cards to start your turn", the basic "draw one" rule no longer applies to them. Beyond that, if one card denies something and another permits it, the denial takes precedence (e.g., "nobody can draw

neg: Sources of international law ICJ has rejected claims that a customary rule existed because of a lack of consistency in the practice brought to its attention. Within the context of a specific dispute, however, it is not necessary to establish the generality of practice. A rule may apply if a state has accepted the rule as applicable to it individually, or because the two states belong to a group of states between which the rule applies. A dissenting state is entitled to deny the opposability of a rule in question if it can demonstrate its persistent objection to that rule, either as a member

neg: MTV Roadies (season 4) a bed sharing issue. The next day, the Roadies are given a money task where they have to carry people from one place to another using a cart, however, the condition is that the age of the person carried must exceed the age of the team members combined. After completing the task, Rannvijay says Grover is calling for another vote out, but reminds them that the spy rule from yesterday still applies. The Roadies vote out Bani. Grover reveals that there is no spy in the Roadies and that it was all a ruse. However, the twist is that Bani

neg: Portland Water Bureau Another EPA rule, the Long Term 2 Surface Water Treatment Rule (LT2) of 2000, has been the subject of controversy between the EPA and the City of Portland. This supplement to the Clean Water Act of 1996 was designed to reduce illness linked to Cryptosporidium and other microbes in drinking-water systems. The rule, which applies to any drinking-water system in the U.S. that uses surface water or groundwater, is relevant to about 14,000 systems. The City of Portland has argued that the Cryptosporidium threat to the city's water is so low that the EPA rule should not apply to Portland,

neg: Posting rule same medium his agent to receive his acceptance; that the acceptance, when mailed, is then constructively communicated to the offeror. –Excerpt of an opinion by Judge Kimmelman (718 A.2d 1223) In the United States, the majority rule is that the mailbox rule does not apply to option contracts. By default, an option contract is accepted when the offeror receives the acceptance, not when the offeree mails it. However, because the California Civil Code applies the mailbox rule to all contracts, California follows the minority rule, under which the mailbox rule also applies to option contracts. In "Tallerman & Co Pty

neg: Parol evidence rule the case. The rule applies to parol evidence, as well as other extrinsic evidence (such as written correspondence that does not form a separate contract) regarding a contract. If a contract is in writing and final to at least one term (integrated), parol or extrinsic evidence will generally be excluded. However, there are a number of exceptions to this general rule, including for partially integrated contracts, agreements with separate consideration, to resolve ambiguities, or to establish contract defenses. To take an example, Carl agrees in writing to sell Betty a car for $1,000, but later, Betty argues that Carl earlier

neg: Categorical proposition the following: "Some politicians are not corrupt". Since not all politicians are defined by this rule, the subject is undistributed. The predicate, though, is distributed because all the members of "corrupt people" will not match the group of people defined as "some politicians". Since the rule applies to every member of the corrupt people group, namely, "All corrupt people are not some politicians", the predicate is distributed. The distribution of the predicate in an "O"-proposition is often confusing due to its ambiguity. When a statement such as "Some politicians are not corrupt" is said to distribute the "corrupt people" group

neg: Thorson's rule Thorson's rule Thorson's rule (named after Gunnar Thorson by S. A. Mileikovsky in 1971) The rule was originally established for marine bottom invertebrates, but it also applies to a group of parasitic flatworms, monogenean ectoparasites on the gills of marine fish. Most low-latitude species of Monogenea produce large numbers of ciliated larvae. However, at high latitudes, species of the entirely viviparous family Gyrodactylidae, which produce few nonciliated offspring and are very rare at low latitudes, represent the majority of gill Monogenea, i.e., about 80–90% of all species at high northern latitudes, and about one third of all species in Antarctic

neg: Boulevard rule rule, but not all states have similar provisions in statutes or case law. New York applies the rule to traffic entering public roads from private driveways or alleys, but not where public roads intersect. Boulevard rule The boulevard rule is a principle in United States traffic law which states that the driver of a vehicle entering a highway from a smaller road or entrance (called the "unfavored driver") must stop and yield the right of way to all oncoming highway traffic (the "favored drivers"). The rule often comes into play in road accident cases, when a court must determine if

neg: Train horn published the final rule on the use of locomotive horns at highway-rail grade crossings. Effective June 24, 2005, the rule requires that locomotive horns be sounded at all public grade crossings at least 15 seconds, but not more than 20 seconds before entering a crossing. This rule applies when the train speed is below 45 mph (70 km/h). At 45 mph or above, trains are still required to sound their horn at the designated location (usually denoted with a whistle post). The pattern for blowing the horn remains two long, one short, and one long. This is to be repeated

neg: Zulu grammar where the simple prefix does not consist of any syllables. The full prefix has an underlying HL pattern (the simple prefix has L, the augment has H), but the single-syllable prefixes of class 5, 9 and 11 have only H. Again, the underlying pattern may be modified by one or more tone rules, as seen in "ubúntu", where the prefix is underlyingly "úbu-" but surfaces as "ubú-". The following tone rules apply to nouns: These rules are ordered, so that for example the prefix-spread rule applies before the left deletion rule: even if the left deletion rule deletes a high

neg: Indeterminate form one to perform algebraic simplification and eventually evaluate the limit. L'Hôpital's rule can also be applied to other indeterminate forms, using first an appropriate algebraic transformation. For example, to evaluate the form 0: The right-hand side is of the form ∞/∞, so L'Hôpital's rule applies to it. Note that this equation is valid (as long as the right-hand side is defined) because the natural logarithm (ln) is a continuous function; it is irrelevant how well-behaved "f" and "g" may (or may not) be as long as "f" is asymptotically positive. Although L'Hôpital's rule applies both to 0/0 and to ∞/∞,

neg: Reversible cellular automaton Several methods are known for defining cellular automata rules that are reversible; these include the block cellular automaton method, in which each update partitions the cells into blocks and applies an invertible function separately to each block, and the second-order cellular automaton method, in which the update rule combines states from two previous steps of the automaton. When an automaton is not defined by one of these methods, but is instead given as a rule table, the problem of testing whether it is reversible is solvable for block cellular automata and for one-dimensional cellular automata, but is undecidable for other

neg: Bunt (baseball) the intentional drop rule (Rule 6.05l) that also applies to line drives can be invoked. It is impossible to say exactly when the bunt was introduced into baseball, but the offensive technique now known as the bunt was almost certainly invented by one of the sport's most famous early figures, Dickey Pearce. For much of his career, Pearce used his 'tricky hit' to tremendous effect as rules permitted it to roll foul and still be counted as a hit. The bunt was not common until the 1880s, and was not an accepted part of baseball strategy until the 20th century.

neg: Government of the Philippines term of three years. They can be re-elected but they may not run for a fourth consecutive term. Senators are elected to a term of six years. They can be re-elected but may not run for a third consecutive term. The House of Representatives may opt to pass for a vacancy of a legislative seat, which leads to a special election. The winner of the special election will serve the unfinished term of the previous district representative, and will be considered as one elective term. The same rule also applies in the Senate, however it only applies if the seat

neg: Talmudical hermeneutics ben HaKanah, the particular is only an elucidation of the preceding general expression, so that the latter includes only what is contained in the particular (כלל ופרט אין בכלל אלא מה שבפרט). But if still another general follows the particular, the two general expressions are defined by the intermediate particular, so that the law applies only to what is like the particular (כלל ופרט וכלל אי אתה מרבה אלא כעין הפרט). Akiva, on the contrary, applies the rule of increase and decrease (רבוי ומיעוט) which had been taught him by his teacher Nahum of Gimzo. According to this principle, the

neg: Rule of thirds two thirds of water, and these together, forming about one-third of the picture, the remaining two-thirds to be for air and sky; and he applies the same rule to the crossing and breaking of lines and objects, &c. Even at this early date, there was skepticism over the universality of such a rule, at least in regards to color, for Field continues: This rule, however, does not supply a general law, but universalises a particular, the invariable observance of which would produce a uniform and monotonous practice. But, however occasionally useful, it is neither accurate nor universal, the true mean

neg: Rules of chess at least thirty seconds per move is being used). The score sheet must be made available to the at all times. A player may respond to an opponent's move before writing it down . A player who makes an illegal move must retract that move and make a legal move. That move must be made with the same piece if possible, because the touch-move rule applies. If the illegal move was an attempt to castle, the touch-move rule applies to the king but not to the rook. The arbiter should adjust the time on the clock according to the best

neg: Emor the redundancy to teach that for the celestial beings, where the Evil Inclination (, "yeitzer hara") is non-existent, one utterance is sufficient, but with terrestrial beings, in whom the Evil Inclination exists, at least two utterances are required. The Mishnah taught that the commandment of for Kohanim not to become ritually impure for the dead is one of only three exceptions to the general rule that every commandment that is a prohibition (whether time-dependent or not) governs both men and women (as the prohibition of on Kohanim applies only to men). The other exceptions are the commandments of not to

neg: History of trigonometry that two spherical triangles are congruent if corresponding angles are equal, but he did not distinguish between congruent and symmetric spherical triangles. Another theorem that he establishes is that the sum of the angles of a spherical triangle is greater than 180°. Book II of "Sphaerica" applies spherical geometry to astronomy. And Book III contains the "theorem of Menelaus". He further gave his famous "rule of six quantities". Later, Claudius Ptolemy (ca. 90 – ca. 168 AD) expanded upon Hipparchus' "Chords in a Circle" in his "Almagest", or the "Mathematical Syntaxis". The Almagest is primarily a work on astronomy, and

neg: Rapping Cent and Ja Rule add a slight melody to their otherwise purely percussive raps whereas some rappers such as Cee-Lo Green are able to harmonize their raps with the beat. The Midwestern group Bone Thugs-n-Harmony was one of the first groups to achieve nationwide recognition for using the fast-paced, melodic and harmonic raps that are also practiced by Do or Die, another Midwestern group. Another rapper that harmonized his rhymes was Nate Dogg, a rapper part of the group 213. Rakim experimented not only with following the beat, but also with complementing the song's melody with his own voice, making

neg: Recurring enemies in The Legend of Zelda these smaller Floormasters can be destroyed with only one sword hit each, but the player will need to be quick and kill them all before the full size one appears again. A general rule that applies to Floormasters is that they are usually visible, though there is an invisible Floormaster in "Ocarina of Time's" Spirit Temple. In "" a similar enemy, known as Zant's Hand, is found in the Palace of Twilight. Another variant of Wallmasters exist in "Spirit Tracks" called Keymasters, large purple hands with an eye where their palm is. When Link finds a Boss Key, a large

neg: Go (game) players. In situations when the Ko rule applies, a ko fight may occur. If the player who is prohibited from capture is of the opinion that the capture is important, because it prevents a large group of stones from being captured for instance, the player may play a "ko threat". This is a move elsewhere on the board that threatens to make a large profit if the opponent does not respond. If the opponent does respond to the ko threat, the situation on the board has changed, and the prohibition on capturing the ko no longer applies. Thus the player

neg: Testimony of the Evangelists rule" is not met by the gospel documents and that the force of Greenleaf's argument is thereby undermined. Packham argues that the ancient documents rule technically only applies to a limited genre of legal documents, such as wills and contracts and other specific legal instruments, to which the gospels do not belong. However, there are problems in Packham's argument. The Ancient Documents Rule is not limited to express legal instruments, but covers any type of documents. The criteria for the Ancient Documents Rule is simple and straightforward. According to legal authorities, documents of any type must meet three criteria in

neg: Ordinary income inventory -- and not a capital asset -- for the store. Another case where income is not taxed as ordinary income is the case of qualified dividends. The general rule taxes dividends as ordinary income. A change allowing use of the same tax rates as is used for long term capital gains rates for qualified dividends was made with the Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003. Qualified dividends are dividends paid by domestic corporations or by corporations from foreign countries that have a tax treaty with the United States. This rule applies under the condition that the

neg: NCAA Division II student does not have to sit out a year before resuming sports participation as would usually be the case in the event of transferring from one Division I institution to another. Several exceptions to this rule currently exist, of which three are the most significant. First, football players transferring from a Division I FBS school to a Division I FCS school do not have to sit out a year, provided that the player has at least two remaining seasons of athletic eligibility. The same also applies to players transferring from scholarship-granting FCS schools to non-scholarship FCS schools. Second, in sports

neg: Bughouse chess black pieces start the clocks simultaneously. Bughouse is usually played using , which allows touching of pieces. A move is completed only when the clock is pressed. is practiced to a lesser extent. When used, it applies to pieces in reserve as well; they are considered dropped after contact has been made with an empty square. Bughouse can be played without a clock, but then there is usually a rule preventing a player waiting for pieces (stalling or sitting) indefinitely. One rule states that players may not delay their move beyond the time that it takes for their partner to

neg: Mishpatim who goes free after six years. Then turns to the female Jewish indentured servant, who one might have thought was included in the generalization about Jewish indentured servants. Instead, says that her avenues to freedom are not as those of her male counterpart. Rather, the Torah applies a more lenient rule to the female Jewish indentured servant, as she may go free before six years have passed — upon the onset of puberty or the death of her master. And also applies a more stringent rule to the female Jewish indentured servant, as she may be betrothed against her will

neg: Beneficiary rule not receive a beneficiary rule lap in certain situations: There are two restrictions on the pitting in regards to the beneficiary rule: In 2006, NASCAR began to use this rule at road course races, despite previous years where it was not used at road course events. In June 2009, double-file restart rule changes resulted in changes to the Beneficiary Rule: The 2009 NASCAR rule change brings it in line with Grand-Am road racing, while rules where lapped cars between leaders may gain one lap were adopted in Formula One as of 2007. The lapped-car rule in Formula One applies when

neg: Five-second rule (basketball) counts to occur. NCAA women's rules require the defender to be within three (3) feet and can occur anywhere on the playing court, but only applies when the offensive player is holding the ball. A count ends whenever the player with the ball gets his head and shoulders past the defender, the defender is no longer within the required distance, the same defender does not continuously closely guard the player in control of the ball, or another opponent is between the defender and the ball. High school rules mimic men's college basketball's closely guarded rule. A defender must be guarding

neg: Red Flags Rule providers [are] no longer classified as 'creditors' for the purpose of the red flags rule just because they do not receive payment in full from their clients at the time they provide their services." There are many different companies that this rule applies to: this list includes, but is not limited to finance companies, automobile dealers, mortgage brokers, utility companies, and telecommunications companies; or any other company that advances funds or routinely interacts with consumer credit agencies when performing a service and receiving payment once the work is complete The Red Flags Rule sets out how certain businesses and organizations

neg: Sloppy identity the VP-copying rule applies first, as can be seen in sentence 5). The VP-copying rule copies the VP in the antecedent into the empty VP: Covert VP-copying rule Following the VP-copying rule, the anaphor-copying rule applies, as can be seen in sentence 6). The anaphor-copying rule, which is clause-bound, copies NPs into anaphors within the same clause: Covert anaphor-copying rule Strict reading In the strict reading, the application of these rules occur in the opposite order. Therefore, the anaphor-copying rule is applied first. Due to the fact that the empty VP does not contain an anaphor, the NP “Otto” cannot

neg: Rule in Dearle v Hall rule that the first to give notice will take priority unless the later assignee was a volunteer or was aware of the earlier assignment at the time he obtained his assignment. The rule applies even if the later assignee made no enquiries of the trustees and even if the first assignee was not negligent in failing to give notice, for instance because he was not aware of it or because there was no one to whom notice could be given. In "Ward v Duncombe" [1893] AC 369, the House of Lords decided that the rule that notice determines priority of

neg: Penalty (gridiron football) of each half, but the NCAA rule differs in that it applies to fouls by either side that cause a clock stoppage. Like the NFL rule, the team that benefits from the penalty may elect to take both the yardage and the runoff, the yardage alone, or neither (but not the runoff in lieu of yards). The penalized team may elect to take a charged timeout in order to avoid the runoff. The new NCAA rule was passed in response to the end of the 4th quarter in the 2010 Music City Bowl. In that game, the North Carolina Tar

neg: Emor concerning the commandments: "which a man will perform and live by them." The commandments were given so that one may live by them and not die because of them. If one dies rather than transgress a commandment, one is held accountable for one's life. But Maimonides taught that this rule applies with regard to commandments other than the worship of other gods, forbidden sexual relations, and murder. With regard to these three sins, if one is ordered to transgress one of them or be killed, one should sacrifice one's life rather than transgress. And Maimonides taught that these general rules

neg: L-system per iteration. The fact that each iteration employs as many rules as possible differentiates an L-system from a formal language generated by a formal grammar, which applies only one rule per iteration. If the production rules were to be applied only one at a time, one would quite simply generate a language, rather than an L-system. Thus, L-systems are strict subsets of languages. An L-system is "context-free" if each production rule refers only to an individual symbol and not to its neighbours. Context-free L-systems are thus specified by a context-free grammar. If a rule depends not only on a single

neg: Hoare logic and "y" refer to the same variable (aliasing), although it is a proper instance of the assignment axiom scheme (with both {"P"} and {"P"[2/"x"]} being {"y"=3}). Hoare's rule of composition applies to sequentially executed programs "S" and "T", where "S" executes prior to "T" and is written "S;T" ("Q" is called the "midcondition"): For example, consider the following two instances of the assignment axiom: and By the sequencing rule, one concludes: Another example is shown in the right box. The conditional rule states that a postcondition "Q" common to then and else part is also a postcondition of the whole

neg: IO Group, Inc. v. Veoh Networks, Inc. limit the activities to mere storage. Instead, the DMCA splits service provider into two definitions. The narrower definition is used by § 512(a) and expressly notes that the service provider may not modify the content it receives or transmits. The broader definition, and the one that applies to Veoh, does not contain this narrowing characteristic. The Court also noted that another court had also noted that "gateway" functions, like the one present in this case, should not act as a bar to the Safe Harbor. Thus, the Court concluded that Veoh was not disqualified from § 512(c)'s Safe Harbor due

neg: Iura novit curia on it must prove it. In civil law systems, the same rule generally applies in attenuated forms: judges may (or should to the extent possible) make their own investigations of foreign law. According to Mattias Derlén, "it has traditionally been claimed that "jura novit curia" applies in civil law systems but not in common law systems". Francis Jacobs described this view as follows: Jacobs explains, however, that this distinction is exaggerated on closer examination: Civil law courts, "iura novit curia" notwithstanding, may not exceed the limits of the case as defined by the claims of the parties and may not

neg: Rule of thirds not just for dividing the frame, but also for "all" division of straight lines, masses, or groups. On the other hand, he does not discuss the now-common idea that intersections of the third-lines of the frame are particularly strong or interesting for composition. Rule of thirds The rule of thirds is a "rule of thumb" or guideline which applies to the process of composing visual images such as designs, films, paintings, and photographs. The guideline proposes that an image should be imagined as divided into nine equal parts by two equally spaced horizontal lines and two equally spaced vertical lines,

neg: Log Gabor filter formula_5 should remain constant. The following figure shows the frequency response of the Gabor compared with the Log-Gabor: Another definition of the Log-Gabor filter is to consider it as a probability distribution function, with a normal distribution, but considering the logarithm of frequencies. This makes sense in contexts where the Weber–Fechner law applies, such as in visual or auditive perception. Following the change of variable rule, a one dimensional Log-Gabor function has thus the modified frequency response: Note that this extends to the origin and that we still have formula_6. In both definitions, because of the zero at the DC

neg: Bo (parsha) an olive's bulk of leavening or a date's bulk (which is more than an olive's bulk) of leavened bread in one's house made one liable, but the House of Hillel held that an olive's bulk of either made one liable. The Gemara noted that the command in to eat unleavened bread (, "matzah") on the first night of Passover applies to women (as did the command in for all Israelites to assemble), even though the general rule is that women are exempt from time-bound positive commandments. The Gemara cited these exceptions to support Rabbi Johanan's assertion that one may not

neg: Superstar Duets romantic balladeer, Christian Bautista. The contestants will be divided into two batch. Each batch will have two contestants who got the lowest score placed in the bottom group . Bottom group contestants will face the elimination round while the safe contestants will fight for immunity. The same rule applies for this round except for the immunity round. The same rule applies for this round except for the third elimination wherein each of the bottom group contestants will have their Celebrity resbaker. The five remaining contestants will perform. The contestant with lowest star rating from the judges will be eliminated from

neg: Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999 party to enforce terms of a contract in one of two situations: firstly if the third party is specifically mentioned in the contract as someone authorised to do so, and secondly if the contract "purports to confer a benefit" on him. An exception to the second rule involves contracts that include language barring third parties from applying the rule. Another exception applies to contracts between solicitors and their clients to write wills, something governed by "White v Jones" [1995] 2 AC 207. After the act was first published, Guenter Treitel argued that in a situation where the promisor felt that

neg: 2011–12 CONCACAF Champions League Group Stage. Like the previous editions, the tournament is divided into three phases: Teams from the same association (excluding "wildcard" teams which replace a team from another association) may not be drawn with each other in the Preliminary Round and Group Stage, but may be drawn with each other in the Championship Round, where the only restriction is that in the quarterfinals, a group winner has to be drawn with the runner-up of another group and also host the second leg. For the two-legged ties of the Preliminary Round and Championship Round, the away goals rule is used, but not

neg: Fractal dimension rule applies to fractal geometry but less intuitively. To elaborate, a fractal line measured at first to be one length, when remeasured using a new stick scaled by 1/3 of the old may not be the expected 3 but instead 4 times as many scaled sticks long. In this case, formula_1=4 when formula_2=1/3, and the value of formula_3 can be found by rearranging Equation 1: That is, for a fractal described by formula_1=4 when formula_2=1/3, formula_3=1.2619, a non-integer dimension that suggests the fractal has a dimension not equal to the space it resides in. The scaling used in this example

neg: Matrix calculus switching between numerator-layout and denominator-layout notation. Using numerator-layout notation, we have: The following definitions are only provided in numerator-layout notation: Using denominator-layout notation, we have: As noted above, in general, the results of operations will be transposed when switching between numerator-layout and denominator-layout notation. To help make sense of all the identities below, keep in mind the most important rules: the chain rule, product rule and sum rule. The sum rule applies universally, and the product rule applies in most of the cases below, provided that the order of matrix products is maintained, since matrix products are not commutative. The

neg: Fixed points of isometry groups in Euclidean space only the shape but also the density is taken into account, it applies to the centre of mass. If the set of fixed points of the symmetry group of an object is a singleton then the object has a specific centre of symmetry. The centroid and centre of mass, if defined, are this point. Another meaning of "centre of symmetry" is a point with respect to which inversion symmetry applies. Such a point needs not be unique; if it is not, there is translational symmetry, hence there are infinitely many of such points. On the other hand, in the cases

neg: Inclusive fitness This distinction is independent of whether the altruism involved in child rearing is toward descendants or toward collateral relatives, as when aunts and uncle rear their nieces and nephews. Inclusive fitness theory was developed in order to better understand collateral altruism, but this does not mean that it is limited to collateral altruism. It applies just as well to parental care. Which perspective one chooses does not affect the animals but just one's understanding. Early writings on inclusive fitness theory (including Hamilton 1964) used K in place of B/C. Thus Hamilton's rule was expressed as formula_5 is the necessary and

neg: Let expression approach is then generalized to support mutual recursion. A mutually recursive let expression may be composed by rearranging the expression to remove any and conditions. This is achieved by replacing multiple function definitions with a single function definition, which sets a list of variables equal to a list of expressions. A version of the Y combinator, called the "Y*" poly-variadic fix-point combinator A let expression may be used to represent a value that is a member of a set, Under function application, of one let expression to another, But a different rule applies for applying the let expression to itself.

neg: Lexical rule Lexical rule A lexical rule is in a form of syntactic rule used within many theories of natural language syntax. These rules alter the argument structures of lexical items (for example verbs and declensions) in order to alter their combinatory properties. Lexical rules affect in particular specific word classes and morphemes. Moreover, they may have exceptions, do not apply across word boundaries and can only apply to underlying forms. An example of a lexical rule in spoken English is the deletion of /n/. This rule applies in "damn" and "autumn", but not in "hymnal". Because the rule of n-deletion apparently

neg: European labour law a prohibition on "indirect discrimination" where employers apply a neutral rule to everybody, but this has a disproportionate impact on the protected group. The Part-time Work Directive 1997, Fixed-term Work Directive 1999 and Temporary Agency Work Directive 2008 generally require that people who do not have ordinary full-time, permanent contracts are treated no less favourably than their colleagues. However, the scope of the protected worker is left to member state law, and the TAWD 2008 only applies to "basic working conditions" (mostly pay, working hours and participation rights) and enabled member states to have a qualifying period. Minimum job security

neg: Accessio union of a thing with the ground; and when the union between the ground and the thing is complete, the thing belongs whoever owns the ground. Thus if a someone builds on ground that someone else owns, the building belongs to the owner of the ground, unless it is a building of a moveable nature, as a tent; for the rule of law is ""superficies solo cedit"." A tree belonging to one person, if planted in the ground of another person, belongs to the owner of the ground as soon as it has taken root. The same rule applies to

neg: Hyperbolic geometry precise enough to give a definite answer, but he did reach the conclusion that if the geometry of the universe is hyperbolic, then the absolute length is at least one million times the diameter of the earth's orbit (, 10 parsec). Some argue that his measurements were methodologically flawed. Henri Poincaré, with his sphere-world thought experiment, came to the conclusion that everyday experience does not necessarily rule out other geometries. The geometrization conjecture gives a complete list of eight possibilities for the fundamental geometry of our space. The problem in determining which one applies is that, to reach a definitive

neg: Little's law The result applies to any system, and particularly, it applies to systems within systems. So in a bank, the customer line might be one subsystem, and each of the tellers another subsystem, and Little's result could be applied to each one, as well as the whole thing. The only requirements are that the system be stable and non-preemptive; this rules out transition states such as initial startup or shutdown. In some cases it is possible not only to mathematically relate the "average" number in the system to the "average" wait but even to relate the entire "probability distribution" (and moments)

neg: Tax Increase Prevention and Reconciliation Act of 2005 rule exception from Subpart F for cross-border payments of dividends, interest, rents, and royalties that are funded with active income that has not been repatriated. This "CFC look-through" rule will be effective for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2005 and before January 1, 2009. The provision simplifies the application of the active trade or business test to certain corporate distributions. By applying this test on an affiliated group basis, the provision applies the same standard regardless of whether a business is owned by a holding company or owned directly. As a result, the provision allows corporations to avoid costly

neg: The Chair (game show) some other task in an attempt to lower the heart rate, McEnroe gave a warning. Three warnings would end the game (contestants can still leave with their stabilized amount). The latter never happened, though one contestant on the US show was warned twice and almost disqualified for the above actions. On the first episode, one contestant closed her eyes for the entire time on the one heartstopper she reached and was not given a warning. In the Korean version, that warning rule only applies in heartstoppers. "The Chair" lasted for nine episodes on ABC in 2002, but not before two

neg: Hanna v. Plumer the current case the federal and state laws are in direct conflict and the court has been instructed to follow the Federal Rule in these cases and there is no constitutional reason not to do so. In short, outcome determinative judgments are important under the American legal system for deciding if a state or federal rule applies but in the current case denying the federal rule would remove any power whatsoever the federal courts have over their procedures. Harlan argued that forum shopping and equitable administration of laws were not the only concerns in "Erie" because public uncertainty over which

neg: Indian nationality law even if the acquisition of another citizenship was done as a result of actions by the child's parents. The acquisition of another country's passport is also deemed under the Citizenship Rules, 1956 to be voluntary acquisition of another country’s nationality. Rule 3 of Schedule III of the Citizenship Rules, 1956 states that "the fact that a citizen of India has obtained on any date a passport from the Government of any other country shall be conclusive proof of his/her having voluntarily acquired the citizenship of that country before that date". Again, this rule applies even if the foreign passport was

neg: Totalization agreements for Social Security and Medicare benefits from the United States. Another rule, the detached-worker rule, governs foreign workers who are only temporarily stationed in the United States. A worker who has been temporarily transferred to work in the United States, for a period of up to five years, will remain subject to the social security system of his/her home country. This rule also applies if a worker goes from one foreign country to a different foreign country for an additional five years. The detached-worker rule is in all U.S. agreements with other countries except for its agreement with Italy. For

neg: Categorical proposition to "some politicians", the information seems of little value, since the group "some politicians" is not defined. But if, as an example, this group of "some politicians" were defined to contain a single person, Albert, the relationship becomes clearer. The statement would then mean that, of every entry listed in the corrupt people group, not one of them will be Albert: "All corrupt people are not Albert". This is a definition that applies to every member of the "corrupt people" group, and is, therefore, distributed. In short, for the subject to be distributed, the statement must be universal (e.g., "all",

neg: 1% rule (Internet culture) who participate will probably be significantly higher than one percent, but the content producers will still be a minority of users. This is validated in a study conducted by Michael Wu, who uses economics techniques to analyze the participation inequality across hundreds of communities segmented by industry, audience type, and community focus. The 1% rule is often misunderstood to apply to the Internet in general, but it applies more specifically to any given Internet community. It is for this reason that one can see evidence for the 1% principle on many websites, but aggregated together one can see a different

neg: Cup-tied players from clubs that may have lost out in earlier rounds, in an attempt to increase their cup chances. The rule applies to individual cup competitions, such that a player who plays in the English FA Cup, but not the Football League Cup, for example, is cup-tied only in the former competition. If the player signs for a new club in the same season, he is thus eligible for the Football League Cup, but not the FA Cup. Breaching the cup-tied rule can result in a result being declared invalid, with serious consequences for the offending club. Governing bodies usually

neg: Argument from ignorance evidence should have been there but is not. Arguments from ignorance can easily find their way into debates over the existence of God. It is a fallacy to draw conclusions based precisely on ignorance, since this does not satisfactorily address issues of philosophic burden of proof. Contraposition is a logically valid rule of inference that allows the creation of a new proposition from the negation and reordering of an existing one. The method applies to any proposition of the type "If A then B" and says that negating all the variables and switching them back to front leads to a

neg: American Bar Association Model Rules of Professional Conduct services incompetently. The rule does not mention contracts for sexual services (i.e. prostitution) but as these contracts are criminally illegal in California, it is arguably not necessary to specify them. A third major difference is that ABA Model Rule 4.1 prohibits an attorney from making a "false statement of material fact or law to a third person." While the ABA model expressly applies to "any" context in which a lawyer acts in a representative capacity, California Rule 5-200 prohibits an attorney only from making false statements before a court. In 2001, the Commission for the Revision of the Rules of

neg: Local government in the United States a Dillon's Rule state, but which also allows for home rule in specified circumstances, applies Dillon's Rule to matters or governmental units where home rule is not specifically authorized. The nature of both county and municipal government varies not only between states, but also between different counties and municipalities within them. Local voters are generally free to choose the basic framework of government from a selection established by state law. In most cases both counties and municipalities have a governing council, governing in conjunction with a mayor or president. Alternatively, the institution may be of the council–manager government form, run

neg: Infield fly rule achieve the force play, replacing the runner at first base with the batter. Risks for the defense are that the uncaught ball may roll away from the fielder, and any runner on third base can try to score but has the option of remaining on his base. If the batter gives up on the play, the defense can achieve outs at second base and first base by deliberately letting the ball drop untouched. A related rule called the intentional drop rule (Rule 5.09(a)(12)) applies even when second base is unoccupied (so long as first-base is occupied), and applies even when

neg: Pinks of 16 cars, dubbed in Season 3 as "Underdogs", will race another group of 16 cars, the "Defenders". Each pair of cars will race a single set of eliminations, using the signature "Pinks" arm-drop start. The winners advance to the Pinks All Out 16. Standard bracket racing rules apply, with drivers being eliminated for infractions, and a breakout rule applies. If officials discover the winner of the race was running considerably faster than the fastest official time of the 16 cars, that car will be disqualified and the loser advances. Pinks technical advisors will review elapsed times in the timing

neg: Unique key one candidate key may be distinguished as the primary key. A key constraint applies to the set of tuples in a table at any given point in time. A key is not necessarily a unique identifier across the population of all "possible" instances of tuples that could be stored in a table but it does imply a data integrity rule that duplicates should not be allowed in the database table. Some possible examples of unique keys are Social Security Numbers, ISBNs, vehicle registration numbers or user login names. Unique keys as well as primary keys may be logically referenced by

neg: Chargaff's rules credible candidate for the genetic material than protein. In 2006, it was shown that this rule applies to four of the five types of double stranded genomes; specifically it applies to the eukaryotic chromosomes, the bacterial chromosomes, the double stranded DNA viral genomes, and the archaeal chromosomes. It does not apply to organellar genomes (mitochondria and plastids) smaller than ~20-30 kbp, nor does it apply to single stranded DNA (viral) genomes or any type of RNA genome. The basis for this rule is still under investigation, although genome size may play a role. The rule itself has consequences. In most

neg: South African contract law intended to draw up an exclusive memorial in the first place, and when it is apparent that a written document was not so intended; indeed, the rule applies "only" to written contracts, and comes into play only once everyone is satisfied that a contract actually exists. Furthermore, the rule does not apply if the document in question represents only one part of the contract, or if the contract is partly written and partly oral, which is the same as saying that the document was not intended, as it must, to be the whole body of the contract. It must apply

neg: Squadron Supreme (Supreme Power) to what they believe is an alternate reality. In this world Hyperion and a version of the Squadron rule the world, with only Nighthawk and a small group of superhumans opposing their rule. Although the heroes locate the true Hyperion and convince him to return to their world, Burbank discovers that it was in fact not an alternate reality but their world two years from the present time. The second volume of the series "Squadron Supreme" brings together all the superhumans (with exception of reluctant outsider Nighthawk), who are split into two teams--one for international/public missions and another for covert

neg: 8th National Assembly of the Republic of Slovenia April and Brglez did not and stated that these acts are against international law and Slovenian Constitution. He decided to stay member of the SMC group in the Assembly, but did not rule out the possibility to join another group later, most possibly The Left. On 2 August 2018 Commission for the prevention of corruption issued its report on Zdravko Počivalšek's unlawful meetings with former President of Executive Council of SRS (Prime Minister) and former Director of State Security Service (SDV) Janez Zemljarič who is seen as one of the most important people in Slovenia as a part of so-called

neg: Adverse inference States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit pointed out in 2004, in a case involving spoliation (destruction) of evidence, that "the giving of an adverse inference instruction often terminates the litigation in that it is 'too difficult a hurdle' for the spoliating party to overcome. The court therefore concluded that the adverse inference instruction is an 'extreme' sanction that should 'not be given lightly'..." This rule applies not only to evidence destroyed but also to evidence existing but not produced by the party as well as to evidence under a party's control but not produced. See Notice to produce.

neg: Refusal to serve in the IDF services do in non-democratic regimes. A captain in the group stated that a good deal of what the IDF is not about 'defense', but consists in military rule over another people in the Occupied Palestinian territories. A further witness said that Palestinians lacked 'legal protections from harassment, extortion and injury.' One testified that "any information that might enable extortion of an individual is considered relevant information". A captain said his outlook was changed after viewing The Lives of Others, dealing with the way the East German Stasi unit pried into the private lives of citizens. Another said a turning point

neg: Schedular system of taxation to the Income Tax Act. In the case of United Kingdom corporation tax, they remain for companies charged to that tax, and in the case of United Kingdom income tax, many, but not all remain. In the United Kingdom the "source rule" applies. This means that something is taxed only if there is a specific provision bringing it within the charge to tax. Accordingly, profits are only charged to corporation tax if they fall within one of the following, and are not otherwise exempted by an explicit provision of the Taxes Acts: Notes: Income tax was levied under 5 schedules