query: when did cable cars start in san francisco

pos: San Francisco cable car system the use of his patent. The side grip allowed cable cars to cross at intersections. In 1878, Leland Stanford opened his California Street Cable Railroad (Cal Cable). This company's first line was on California Street and is the oldest cable car line still in operation. In 1880, the Geary Street, Park & Ocean Railway began operation. The Presidio and Ferries Railway followed two years later, and was the first cable company to include curves on its routes. The curves were "let-go" curves, in which the car drops the cable and coasts around the curve on its own momentum. In 1883,

pos: San Francisco cable car system the use of his patent. The side grip allowed cable cars to cross at intersections. In 1878, Leland Stanford opened his California Street Cable Railroad (Cal Cable). This company's first line was on California Street and is the oldest cable car line still in operation. In 1880, the Geary Street, Park & Ocean Railway began operation. The Presidio and Ferries Railway followed two years later, and was the first cable company to include curves on its routes. The curves were "let-go" curves, in which the car drops the cable and coasts around the curve on its own momentum. In 1883,

neg: San Francisco Cable Car Museum San Francisco Cable Car Museum The Cable Car Museum is a free museum in the Nob Hill neighborhood of San Francisco, California. Located at 1201 Mason Street, it contains historical and explanatory exhibits on the San Francisco cable car system, which can itself be regarded as a working museum. The museum contains several examples of old cable cars, together with smaller exhibits and a gift shop. The cable cars displayed include: The museum is part of the complex that also houses the cable car power house, which drives the cables, and the car depot ("barn"). The car depot is not

neg: San Francisco Cable Car Museum March 31, apart from some public holidays. The museum main level is wheelchair accessible via a separate entrance. The admission to the museum is free. San Francisco Cable Car Museum The Cable Car Museum is a free museum in the Nob Hill neighborhood of San Francisco, California. Located at 1201 Mason Street, it contains historical and explanatory exhibits on the San Francisco cable car system, which can itself be regarded as a working museum. The museum contains several examples of old cable cars, together with smaller exhibits and a gift shop. The cable cars displayed include: The museum is part

neg: Cable transport of the cable car came in California. Andrew Hallidie, a Scottish emigre, gave San Francisco the first effective and commercially successful route, using steel cables, opening the Clay Street Hill Railroad on August 2, 1873. Hallidie was a manufacturer of steel cables. The system featured a human-operated grip, which was able to start and stop the car safely. The rope that was used allowed the multiple, independent cars to run on one line, and soon Hallidie`s concept was extended to multiple lines in San Francisco. The first cable railway outside the United Kingdom and the United States was the Roslyn

neg: San Francisco and San Mateo Electric Railway merged to form the United Railroads of San Francisco (URR). The URR then quickly built out the line to San Mateo which was operational on 31 December 1902. Nineteen new motor cars, numbered 1225 to 1244 went into service on the new line on 7 September 1903. As URR struggled to rebuild after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, a shortage of motor cars resulted from conversion of former cable car lines to electric power. The Philadelphia and Western Railroad had ordered twelve motor cars from the Saint Louis Car Company; but these cars were sold to URR when the original

neg: Cable car (railway) both cars over an undriven pulley at the top of the line. The descending car gripped the haulage cable and was pulled downhill, in turn pulling the ascending car (which remained ungripped) uphill by the balance cable. This line was rebuilt in 1979 and is now a standard funicular, although it retains its old cable car name. The best known existing cable car system is the San Francisco cable car system in the city of San Francisco, California. San Francisco's cable cars constitute the oldest and largest such system in permanent operation, and it is the only one to still

neg: History of trams a low-powered steam or horse-drawn car. Cable cars do have wheel brakes and track brakes, but the cable also helps restrain the car to going downhill at a constant speed. Performance in steep terrain partially explains the survival of cable cars in San Francisco. The San Francisco cable cars, though significantly reduced in number, continue to perform a regular transportation function, in addition to being a well-known tourist attraction. A single cable line also survives in Wellington, New Zealand (rebuilt in 1979 as a funicular but still called the "Wellington Cable Car"). Another system, actually two separate cable lines with

neg: San Francisco cable car system San Francisco cable car system The San Francisco cable car system is the world's last manually operated cable car system. An icon of San Francisco, the cable car system forms part of the intermodal urban transport network operated by the San Francisco Municipal Railway. Of the 23 lines established between 1873 and 1890, only three remain (one of which combines parts of two earlier lines): two routes from downtown near Union Square to Fisherman's Wharf, and a third route along California Street. While the cable cars are used to a certain extent by commuters, the vast majority of their 7

neg: San Francisco cable car system was the O'Farrell–Jones–Hyde line, the Hyde section of which still remains in operation as part of the current Powell–Hyde line. In all, twenty-three lines were established between 1873 and 1890. The first electric streetcars in San Francisco began operation in 1892 under the auspices of the San Francisco and San Mateo Electric Railway. At that time, it was estimated that it cost twice as much to build and six times as much to operate a line with cable cars as with electric streetcars. By the beginning of 1906 many of San Francisco's remaining cable cars were under the control of

neg: Chicago City Railway did not suffer much from the elements, and the harsher Chicago climate with extreme variations in summer heat and winter cold was no problem for them. The number of passengers caused a different approach to the cars than the San Francisco cable car system. Rather than using a grip car and single trailer, or combining the grip and trailer into a single car, like the ""California Cars"", CCRy used short bi-directional grip cars to pull trains of up to three trailers. The cable cars did not completely replace the horsecars, but they rather created a transportation backbone. In fact, even

neg: Great Orme Tramway section is an independent funicular and passengers change cars at the halfway station. Whilst the upper section runs on its own right of way and is very similar to many other funicular lines, the lower section is an unusual street-running funicular. Whilst the street running section resembles the better-known San Francisco cable cars, its operation is quite different in that it adheres to the funicular principle where the cars are permanently fixed to the cable and are stopped and started by stopping and starting the cable, unlike San Francisco where cars attach to, and detach from, a continuously running cable.

neg: Cable cars in Chicago West. This was when the changeover to electricity ordered by the Chicago City Council in 1905 occurred. The last cable powered train was on the CCR Cottage Grove Ave. line on October 21, 1906. In 1900 the Chicago City Railway was the largest cable operator in the country. Incorporated on February 14, 1859, it was well managed and progressive from its beginning. In 1880 their president had inspected the successful San Francisco lines, and felt cable could be used in Chicago. In 1882 they opened the first cable lines outside of San Francisco. They then built lines past the built

neg: Tram the cable also helps restrain the car to going downhill at a constant speed. Performance in steep terrain partially explains the survival of cable cars in San Francisco. The San Francisco cable cars, though significantly reduced in number, continue to perform a regular transportation function, in addition to being a well-known tourist attraction. A single cable line also survives in Wellington, New Zealand (rebuilt in 1979 as a funicular but still called the "Wellington Cable Car"). Another system, actually two separate cable lines with a shared power station in the middle, operates from the Welsh town of Llandudno up to

neg: Carville, San Francisco Carville, San Francisco Carville, also known Carville-by-the-Sea, was an impromptu neighborhood in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in what is now the Outer Sunset District of San Francisco, California. Residents reused abandoned horsecars (horse-drawn trolleys) and, later, cable cars for housing and public buildings. Carville was located near the intersection of 47th Ave. and Lawton Streets, just south of the western end of Golden Gate Park. In the 1850s and 1860s local San Francisco transit companies used horse-drawn railcars on city streets. The arrival of cable cars and electric streetcars spelled the doom of the equine-pulled variety. In

neg: San Francisco Municipal Railway fleet San Francisco Municipal Railway fleet With five different modes of transport from many different vendors, the San Francisco Municipal Railway or Muni as it is commonly known, runs one of the most diverse fleets of vehicles in the United States. Roughly 800 buses (500 diesel buses and 300 trolleybuses), 200 streetcars and 40 cable cars see active duty. Muni's cable cars constitute the oldest and largest such system remaining in service in the world and is the only one still running with manually operated cars in street traffic. Its fleet of electric trolleybuses is the largest in the United States.

neg: San Francisco cable car system million annual passengers are tourists. They are among the most significant tourist attractions in the city, along with Alcatraz Island, the Golden Gate Bridge, and Fisherman's Wharf. The cable cars are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The cable cars are separate from San Francisco's heritage streetcars, which operate on Market Street and the Embarcadero, as well as from the more modern Muni Metro light rail system. In 1869, Andrew Smith Hallidie had the idea for a cable car system in San Francisco, reportedly after witnessing an accident in which a streetcar drawn by horses over wet cobblestones

neg: San Francisco cable car system on the running boards of cable cars, passenger management is an important task. Some crew members are locally well-known personalities. On the second or third Thursday each July, a cable car bell-ringing contest is held in Union Square between cable car crews, following a preliminary round held during the second to last or the last week of June. The preliminary round determines which contestants go on to the finals in Union Square, by a process of points awarded by a panel of judges. San Francisco cable car system The San Francisco cable car system is the world's last manually operated

neg: Streetcars in North America motive power to Washington streetcars, and after 1893 electricity powered the cars. The advantages of eliminating animal drive power included dispensing with the need to feed the animals and clean up their waste. A North American city that did not eliminate its cable car lines was San Francisco and much of its San Francisco cable car system continues to operate to this day. In this transition period some early streetcar lines in large cities opted to rebuild their railways above or below grade to help further speed transit. Such system would become known as rapid transit or later as heavy

neg: San Francisco cable car system the cable cars as a "cash cow" for Muni, yielding a yearly revenue of around $30 million. Both types of car ride on a pair of four-wheel trucks, to fit the track's narrow gauge. The term "California Street car", as in a car running on the California Street line, should not be confused with the term "California Car". The latter term applies to all the cable cars currently operating in San Francisco, and is a historical term distinguishing this style of car from an earlier style where the open grip section and the enclosed section were separate four-wheel cars (known

neg: San Francisco cable car system the United Railroads of San Francisco (URR), although Cal Cable and the Geary Street Company remained independent. URR was pressing to convert many of its cable lines to overhead electric traction, but this was met with resistance from opponents who objected to what they saw as ugly overhead lines on the major thoroughfares of the city center. Those objections disappeared after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. The quake and resulting fire destroyed the power houses and car barns of both the Cal Cable and the URR's Powell Street lines, together with the 117 cable cars stored within them. The subsequent

neg: San Francisco cable car system segments, a length for their common Powell section, and one length for the California Street line. Apart from the cable itself (which exerts a braking force when going downhill), the cable cars use three separate braking systems: The current cable car network consists of three routes. Like all Municipal Railway (Muni) routes which have route letters or numbers, the cable lines have route numbers, but the cable routes are generally referred to by the names of the streets on which they travel. The Powell-Hyde and Powell-Mason lines use "single-ended" cars, which must be looped or turned around like a bus

neg: San Francisco Municipal Railway Fast Pass. As of July 2017 monthly passes cost $75 for adults ($94 with BART privileges within city limits), $38 for low-income residents ("Life Line Pass"), or $38 for youth, seniors and the disabled. Passes are valid on all Muni lines—including cable cars—and the $94 adult Fast Pass allows BART transit entirely within San Francisco (between Embarcadero and Balboa Park). Other passes and stickers are valid on all Muni lines, including cable cars, but not on BART (with the exception of BART-Plus ticket types). Cable car fare is $7 per trip, with no transfers issued or accepted. "Passports" are folding

neg: W. L. Holman Car Company Jamestown, California. Holman declared bankruptcy in 1914. Some classic Holman cars are in the possession of the Western Railway Museum at Rio Vista, California. Another example is Ocean Shore Railroad passenger car 1409 currently under restoration by the Pacifica Historical Society. Holman Car Company equipment at Western Railway Museum W. L. Holman Car Company W. L. Holman Car Company was a streetcar and cable car manufacturer based in San Francisco, California. It mainly built equipment for rail operation, including San Francisco Municipal Railway's first publicly owned streetcar, and some of the cable cars still operating on San Francisco's California Street

neg: W. L. Holman Car Company W. L. Holman Car Company W. L. Holman Car Company was a streetcar and cable car manufacturer based in San Francisco, California. It mainly built equipment for rail operation, including San Francisco Municipal Railway's first publicly owned streetcar, and some of the cable cars still operating on San Francisco's California Street line. Holman also constructed heavy interurban coaches and combines (combined passenger and freight-express cars) that ran on inland California electric railroads including Petaluma and Santa Rosa Railroad, Sacramento Northern Railway, and Central California Traction Company, as well as the Sierra Railroad, a Common Carrier line which operated out of

neg: San Francisco Municipal Railway Muni has arranged for life-extending rebuilds of 142 buses, by count over 30% of the fleet. In September 1982, the cable car system was shut down for 21 months for rebuilding, and there were massive line reorganizations as Muni restructured their route network to provide stronger cross-town services. In 1983, Muni temporarily ran streetcars down Market Street as part of the San Francisco Historic Trolley Festival, initially conceived of as a substitute attraction for tourists during the one summer when no cable cars would be in operation. The service became so popular that the festival was repeated for several years

neg: California Street Cable Railroad together with other lines already in municipal ownership. California's mild climate encouraged an innovative streetcar design first used on the California Street Cable Railroad in 1891. The cars feature an enclosed center section with open seating on each end of the car. These California type streetcars were subsequently adopted by many California electric railways, including Pacific Electric, Los Angeles Railway and San Francisco, Napa and Calistoga Railway. California Street Cable Railroad The California Street Cable Railroad (Cal Cable) was a long-serving cable car operator in San Francisco, founded by Leland Stanford. The company's first line opened on California Street in

neg: San Francisco cable car system Press in 2013 showed that over the course of three years, the city of San Francisco had paid almost $8 million to settle around four dozen legal claims relating to cable car accidents. The cable cars are pulled by a cable running below the street, held by a grip that extends from the car through a slit in the street surface, between the rails. Each cable is in diameter, running at a constant speed of , and driven by a electric motor located in the central power house (see below), via a set of self-adjusting sheaves. Each cable has six

neg: San Francisco cable car system as the grip car and trailer). There are 28 single-ended cars in operation on the Powell lines and 12 double-ended cars in operation on the California Street line. The cable cars are occasionally replaced with new or restored cars, with the old cars being moved to storage for later restoration. There are two cable cars in storage in the cable car museum / power house inside the car barn: car numbers 19 and 42, which were used on the Sacramento-Clay and O'Farrell, Jones and Hyde Street lines, respectively. The car barn is located between Washington and Jackson Streets just uphill

neg: Market Street (San Francisco) street grids. Streets on its southeast side are parallel or perpendicular to Market Street, while those on the northwest are nine degrees off from the cardinal directions. Market Street is a major transit artery for the city of San Francisco, and has carried in turn horse-drawn streetcars, cable cars, electric streetcars, electric trolleybuses, and diesel buses. Today Muni's buses, trolleybuses, and heritage streetcars (on the F Market line) share the street, while below the street the two-level Market Street Subway carries Muni Metro and Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART). While cable cars no longer operate on Market Street, the surviving

neg: San Francisco Railway Museum San Francisco Railway Museum The San Francisco Railway Museum is a local railway museum located in the South of Market area of San Francisco. This small museum features exhibits on the antique streetcars of the F Market & Wharves and national landmark cable cars that continue to run along the city's major arteries. The museum is located at the Don Chee Way and Steuart Station, across the street from the Ferry Building. Admission to the museum is free. In addition to the permanent collection of San Francisco railway artifacts from Market Street Railway Company and San Francisco Municipal Railway, the

neg: San Francisco cable car system race to rebuild the city allowed the URR to replace most of its cable car lines with electric streetcar lines. At the same time the independent Geary Street line was replaced by a municipally owned electric streetcar line – the first line of the San Francisco Municipal Railway (Muni). By 1912, only eight cable car lines remained, all with steep gradients impassable to electric streetcars. In the 1920s and 1930s, these remaining lines came under pressure from the much improved buses of the era, which could now climb steeper hills than the electric streetcar. By 1944, the only cable cars

neg: KISQ KISQ KISQ (98.1 MHz, 98.1 The Breeze), is a commercial Soft Adult Contemporary FM radio station licensed to San Francisco, California and owned by iHeartMedia. The transmitter is in Mount Beacon atop the Marin Headlands above Sausalito, California, while its studios are in the SoMa district of San Francisco. KISQ broadcasts two channels in the HD Radio format. 98.1 FM first signed on the air on July 17, 1958 as KAFE. The frequency was the long-time home of KABL-FM ("Cable", denoting cable cars, a symbol of San Francisco). The station once programmed a beautiful music/easy listening format, also heard on

neg: Cable car (railway) cheaper to construct and simpler to operate electrically-powered trolley or tram started to become the norm, and eventually started to replace existing cable car systems. For a while hybrid cable/electric systems operated, for example in Chicago where electric cars had to be pulled by grip cars through the loop area, due to the lack of trolley wires there. Eventually, San Francisco became the only street-running manually operated system to survive—Dunedin, the second city with such cars, was also the second-last city to operate them, closing down in 1957. In the last decades of the 20th-century, cable traction in general has

neg: San Francisco cable car system of where Mason Street crosses them. Cars reverse into the barn off Jackson Street and run out into Washington Street, coasting downhill for both moves. To ensure that single-ended cars leave facing in the correct direction, the car barn contains a fourth turntable. Cars are moved around the car barn with the assistance of a rubber-tired tractor. The car barn is situated directly above the power house and the Cable Car Museum. The museum's entrance is at Washington and Mason. It contains several examples of old cable cars, together with smaller exhibits and a shop. Two galleries allow the visitor

neg: San Francisco cable car system both serve only residential and tourist/shopping districts (Union Square, Chinatown, North Beach, Nob Hill, Aquatic Park and Fisherman's Wharf), with the "downtown" end of both lines a substantial distance from the Financial District. The California Street Line is used more by commuters, due to its terminus in the Financial District. In 2006, then-mayor Gavin Newsom reported that he had observed several conductors pocketing cash fares from riders without receipt. The following year, the San Francisco auditor's office reported that the city was not receiving the expected revenue from cable cars, with an estimated 40% of cable car riders riding for

neg: Castro District, San Francisco mid-1960s. There was originally a cable car line with large double-ended cable cars that ran along Castro Street from Market Street to 29th St., until the tracks were dismantled in 1941 and the cable car line was replaced by the 24 MUNI bus. The Castro is at the end of the straight portion of the Market Street thoroughfare, and a mostly residential area follows Market Street as it curves and rises up and around the Twin Peaks mountains. The U.S. military discharged thousands of gay servicemen from the Pacific theatre in San Francisco during World War II (early 1940s) because

neg: 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake so officials could conduct visual inspection and damage assessment procedures. San Jose International Airport, Oakland International Airport and San Francisco International Airport all opened the next morning. Large cracks in Oakland's runway and taxiway reduced the usable length to two-thirds normal, and damage to the dike required quick remediation to avoid flooding the runway with water from the bay. Oakland Airport repair costs were assessed at $30 million. San Francisco Municipal Railway (Muni) lost all power to electric transit systems when the quake hit, but otherwise suffered little damage and no injuries to operators or riders. Cable cars and electric

neg: Cable car (railway) the cable house realizes the mishap and halts the cable. One apparent advantage of the cable car is its relative energy efficiency. This is due to the economy of centrally located power stations, and the ability of descending cars to transfer energy to ascending cars. However, this advantage is totally negated by the relatively large energy consumption required to simply move the cable over and under the numerous guide rollers and around the many sheaves. Approximately 95% of the tractive effort in the San Francisco system is expended in simply moving the four cables at 9.5 miles per hour. Electric

neg: Streetcars in Cincinnati 1835, very few other cities introduced rail transit – in the form or horse- or mule-drawn cars – until the 1850s, and in 1859 Cincinnati was still one of the first few U.S. cities with such transit service. However, horse-drawn vehicles were inadequate because the animals would fatigue and the hills were impossible to climb in bad weather. Cities with hilly terrain such as Cincinnati and San Francisco began adopting cable cars, because they were faster and more reliable than horses. The first cable car routes in Cincinnati were on Gilbert Avenue, Mount Auburn, and Vine Street. Cable cars require

neg: Russian Hill, San Francisco San Francisco Cable Cars serving the Powell-Hyde line stops nearby. San Francisco Police Department Central Station, Metro Division serves Russian Hill. It is in the San Francisco Unified School District (SFUSD) and is within the Jean Parker Elementary School attendance area. The school building was first built in 1911 and rebuilt in 1996. Life in the neighborhood during the 1970s was used as the basis for the fictionalized series "Tales of the City" by Armistead Maupin. Much of the famous car chase sequence in the 1968 thriller "Bullitt", starring Steve McQueen (whose character lived in Nob Hill on Taylor and

neg: San Francisco Railway Museum museum features exhibits such as a retrospective on the 1906 earthquake and a replicated end of the now extinct MSR '100-Class streetcar'. The museum is a project of the nonprofit Market Street Railway, Muni’s historic transportation advocacy group and was opened on October 7, 2006. San Francisco Railway Museum The San Francisco Railway Museum is a local railway museum located in the South of Market area of San Francisco. This small museum features exhibits on the antique streetcars of the F Market & Wharves and national landmark cable cars that continue to run along the city's major arteries. The museum

neg: KISQ "Breeze" branding in multiple major markets. KISQ is the flagship station for "The Breeze". KISQ KISQ (98.1 MHz, 98.1 The Breeze), is a commercial Soft Adult Contemporary FM radio station licensed to San Francisco, California and owned by iHeartMedia. The transmitter is in Mount Beacon atop the Marin Headlands above Sausalito, California, while its studios are in the SoMa district of San Francisco. KISQ broadcasts two channels in the HD Radio format. 98.1 FM first signed on the air on July 17, 1958 as KAFE. The frequency was the long-time home of KABL-FM ("Cable", denoting cable cars, a symbol of

neg: Track gauge in the United States railway), the Mount Washington Cog Railway in Coos County, New Hampshire — in operation since its opening in 1869 — uses a 4 ft 8 inch (1,422 mm) rail gauge, as designed by Sylvester Marsh, the creator of the Marsh rack system for ensuring firm traction going up and down the slopes of the highest mountain in New England. The San Francisco cable cars use the Cape Gauge of , as did the Los Angeles Railway and the San Diego Electric Railway until 1898, and that gauge is still widely used in the U.S. mining industry. gauge railways became the

neg: Cable car (railway) this elevated railway involved collar-equipped cables and claw-equipped cars, proving cumbersome. The line was closed and rebuilt, reopening with steam locomotives. In 1869 P. G. T. Beauregard demonstrated a cable car at New Orleans and was issued . Other cable cars to use grips were those of the Clay Street Hill Railroad, which later became part of the San Francisco cable car system. The building of this line was promoted by Andrew Smith Hallidie with design work by William Eppelsheimer, and it was first tested in 1873. The success of these grips ensured that this line became the model for

neg: San Francisco in popular culture locations in "Fallout 2". San Francisco is a level in both "Tony Hawk's Pro Skater" and in "Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 4". It's one of the four playable cities in "Driver" and the main setting of "". The City of San Fierro in "" is largely based on San Francisco, though significantly smaller and with slightly more of a focus on rural areas. San Fierro features Rockstar's interpretations of the Haight-Ashbury district ("Hashbury"), the Castro district ("Queens"), Chinatown, and the Golden Gate Bridge ("Gant Bridge"), as well as the city's prominent cable cars and hilly terrain. Several other familiar landmarks

neg: San Francisco and San Mateo Electric Railway of the County of San Mateo. A powerhouse and car barn were built on Sunnyside Avenue one block off San Jose Avenue. The streetcars were of the "California car" design, with an enclosed center section and open center bench seating at either end of the car, similar to the cable cars used on the California Street line. Single-truck (four wheel) cars long were used on the double track line, and two-truck cars were used on San Jose Avenue. The route chosen by the company was rather unfortunate. They were not able to traverse any of the major streets, as rival

neg: San Francisco cable car system slid backwards, killing the horses. The first successful cable-operated street railway was the Clay Street Hill Railroad, which opened on August 2, 1873. The promoter of the line was Hallidie, and the engineer was William Eppelsheimer. The line involved the use of grip cars, which carried the grip that engaged with the cable, towing trailer cars; the design was the first to use grips. The term "grip" became synonymous with the operator. The line started regular service on September 1, 1873, and its success led it to become the template for other cable car transit systems. It was a financial

neg: San Francisco Municipal Railway fleet considering an earlier retirement for some of the oldest Breda cars. Historic streetcars are run on the F Market & Wharves line. Introduced as a regular, year-round service in 1995, the F-line heritage streetcar service started out 12 years earlier as a temporary, replacement tourist attraction for the cable cars, during an almost two-year suspension (1982–84) of all cable-car service to permit major infrastructure maintenance to take place. The F line fleet is composed mostly of PCC cars bought second hand from Philadelphia and New Jersey. The cars are painted in liveries from cities around the world, as well as

neg: San Francisco Municipal Railway reduced fuel consumption. All Muni lines except for cable cars are wheelchair accessible. All bus lines have bicycle racks, but streetcars and cable cars do not. Because of San Francisco's geographical makeup (the city having neighborhoods located on hilltop-like areas, making it difficult for vehicles to drive up or down the streets), Muni operators are banned from using low-floor buses on certain routes with streets requiring buses or trolleybuses that are capable of reaching steep grades. But, as of 2013, high-floor vehicles are no longer available to be purchased by Muni; come 2019, all low-floor ones will be in service.

neg: December 2014 North American storm complex Francisco caused Montgomery Street Station (one of the busiest BART stations in the city) to close and produced a major downtime at the Internet Archive. The San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency announced the entire cancellation of cable cars and ferry services. Public schools remained closed on Thursday December 11 in San Francisco, Berkeley, Oakland and other school districts in the Bay Area. Authorities at San Francisco International Airport were forced to cancel 236 flights, 40% of the day's total flights cancellations in the United States. On the night of Thursday, December 11, the storm approached California, triggering mudslides, floods, and

neg: San Francisco Municipal Railway E Embarcadero and F Market & Wharves lines are referred to by Muni as a "historic streetcar line" rather than as a "heritage railway." Muni's logo is a stylized, trademarked "worm" version of the word "muni". This logo was designed by San Francisco-based graphic designer Walter Landor in the mid-1970s. Bus and trolleybus lines have number designations, rail lines have letters and the three cable car lines are typically referred to by name only (Powell-Mason, Powell-Hyde and California). Except for cable cars, cash fares are $2.75 for adults; $1.35 for seniors over 65, youth aged 5–18, people with disabilities, and

neg: San Francisco cable car system that accompanied San Francisco's hosting of that year's Democratic National Convention. Since 1984, Muni has continued to upgrade the system. Work has included rebuilding of another historical car, the building of nine brand new replacement cars, the building of a new terminal and turntable at the Hyde and Beach terminus, and a new turntable at the Powell and Market terminus. The cable cars are principally used by tourists rather than commuters. The system serves an area of the city that is already served by a large number of buses and trolleybuses. The two lines on Powell Street (Powell-Hyde and Powell-Mason)

neg: Narrow-gauge railroads in the United States in the Pacific Northwest were the Ilwaco Railway and Navigation Co near Astoria, and the Sumpter Valley Railway near Baker City, OR. The latter one still operates in the summer. The San Francisco cable cars use as did the now defunct Los Angeles Railway and the San Diego Electric Railway. The last surviving commercial common carrier narrow-gauge railroad in the United States was the White Pass and Yukon Route connecting Skagway, Alaska and Whitehorse, Yukon Territory. It ended common carrier service in 1982, but has since been partially reopened as a tourist railway. Hawaii boasted an extensive network of not

neg: Chinatown, San Francisco of eighteen, residing in San Francisco's Chinatown for the first few months before moving to Seattle. San Francisco cable cars have long served areas of Chinatown; the modern system serves the southern and western sections of the neighborhood. The Stockton Street Tunnel was completed in 1914 and brought San Francisco Municipal Railway Streetcar service to Stockton Street. After the tracks were removed, the overhead wires were maintained and buses replaced streetcars along the route. The "30 Stockton" and "45 Union-Stockton" are among the most heavily ridden lines in the system. Modern rail service will return at Chinatown station upon completion

neg: San Francisco the West Coast and third overall in the United States. The San Francisco Municipal Railway, known as Muni, is the primary public transit system of San Francisco. Muni is the seventh-largest transit system in the United States, with 210,848,310 rides in 2006. The system operates a combined light rail and subway system, the Muni Metro, as well as large bus and trolley coach networks. Additionally, it runs a historic streetcar line, which runs on Market Street from Castro Street to Fisherman's Wharf. It also operates the famous cable cars, which have been designated as a National Historic Landmark and are

neg: San Francisco servicemen, significant immigration, liberalizing attitudes, along with the rise of the "hippie" counterculture, the Sexual Revolution, the Peace Movement growing from opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War, and other factors led to the Summer of Love and the gay rights movement, cementing San Francisco as a center of liberal activism in the United States. Politically, the city votes strongly along liberal Democratic Party lines. A popular tourist destination, San Francisco is known for its cool summers, fog, steep rolling hills, eclectic mix of architecture, and landmarks, including the Golden Gate Bridge, cable cars, the former Alcatraz Federal

neg: Market Street Railway (nonprofit) Market Street Railway has helped Muni to acquire and restore more than a dozen historic streetcars and cable cars for service, adding diversity to Muni’s large historic fleet. Market Street Railway's restoration corps has done much of this restoration work themselves. Its volunteers also clean the cars' interiors at the Castro Street Terminal to improve rider experience. Additionally, Market Street Railway developed and operates the San Francisco Railway Museum, a local history museum in the Vitale Hotel on the Embarcadero that showcases historical railway artifacts and tells the story of transportation in San Francisco. Led by President Rick Laubscher, Market

neg: Watch Dogs 2 fictionalized version of the San Francisco Bay Area, an area more than twice as large as the Chicago setting from "Watch Dogs". The Bay Area consists of four different areas: San Francisco, Oakland, Marin, and Silicon Valley, all of which have different characteristics and aesthetics. Players can navigate the game's world on-foot or by the various vehicles featured in the game, such as cars, trucks, buses, cable cars, motorcycles, quad bikes, and boats. The driving mechanic was overhauled and designed to be more accessible. The player can shoot their weapons while driving. Marcus also has improved acrobatic skills, and the

neg: St. Charles Streetcar Line a number of systems being tried out. Experimental systems included overhead cable propulsion (with a cable clamp patented by P.G.T. Beauregard in 1869 later being adapted for the San Francisco cable car system), and several innovative designs by Dr. Emile Lamm, including ammonia engines, a "Chloride of Calcium Engine", and most successfully Lamm Fireless Engine which not only propelled pairs of cars along the line in the 1880s but was adopted by the street railways of Paris. While the city's first experiments with electric powered cars were made in 1884 (in conjunction with the World Cotton Centennial World's Fair), electric

neg: Trams in Sydney first part of the North Sydney tramway system was a double-track cable tramway which started at the original Milsons Point wharf, located where the north pylon of the Harbour Bridge is now. The line originally extended via Alfred Street (now Alfred Street South), Junction Street (now Pacific Highway), Blue Street and Miller Streets to the winding engine house and depot at Ridge Street. It used cable grip cars called "dummies" and unpowered trailer cars, similar to the large Melbourne cable tramway system but quite different from the surviving lines in San Francisco, where everything is combined in a single vehicle.

neg: History of San Francisco near the end of the 19th Century interest in bringing them together grew. To make this possible, San Francisco Mayor Adolph Sutro donated 13 acres in Parnassus Heights at the base of Mount Parnassus (now known as Mount Sutro). The new site, overlooking Golden Gate Park, opened in the fall of 1898, with the construction of the new Affiliated Colleges buildings. The City's famous Cable Cars were built around this time, a unique invention devised by Andrew Smith Hallidie in order to traverse the City's steep hills while connecting the new residential developments. San Francisco grew in cultural prominence at

neg: San Francisco Municipal Railway fleet of articulated coaches from New Flyer and Electric Transit, Inc. (ETI) (Skoda/AAI), as well as standard 40 ft coaches from ETI. Historically, Muni ran ETBs from Brill, the St. Louis Car Company, Twin Coach, Marmon-Herrington and Flyer. Around the turn of the twentieth century, there were numerous cable car lines providing service to many sections of the city. Some of those cable cars are built by Muni themselves. Currently only three lines and forty cars remain. The Muni Metro has run multiple types of light rail vehicles. Originally, Boeing-Vertol cars, which Muni designated LRV1, were used. However, these proved to

neg: Duluth, Minnesota topography is dominated by a steep hillside that climbs from Lake Superior to high inland elevations. Duluth has been called "the San Francisco of the Midwest," alluding to San Francisco's similar water-to-hilltop topography. This similarity was most evident before World War II, when Duluth had a network of streetcars and an inclined railroad, the 7th Avenue West Incline Railway, that, like San Francisco's cable cars, climbed a steep hill. The change in elevation is illustrated by Duluth's two airports. The weather station at Sky Harbor Airport on Park Point has an elevation of 607 feet (185 m), while Duluth International

neg: San Francisco cable car system the Market Street Cable Railway opened its first line. This company was controlled by the Southern Pacific Railroad and would grow to become San Francisco's largest cable car operator. At its peak, it operated five lines, all of which converged on Market Street to a common terminus at the Ferry Building. During rush hours, cars left that terminus every 15 seconds. In 1888, the Ferries and Cliff House Railway opened its initial two-line system. The Powell–Mason line is still operated on the same route today; their other route was the Powell–Washington–Jackson line, stretches of which are used by today's Powell–Hyde

neg: St. Francis Circle station St. Francis Circle station St. Francis Circle is a light rail stop on the Muni Metro K Ingleside and M Ocean View lines, located in the St. Francis Wood neighborhood of San Francisco, California. It opened around 1907 when the United Railroads (URR) expanded its Ocean Avenue line west to Ocean Beach; Muni service followed with the K in 1918 and the M in 1925. The 1906 earthquake damaged many cable car and streetcar lines; in the aftermath, the United Railroads (URR) closed many cable cars lines and expanded the electric streetcar system. The URR resumed service on the Ocean

neg: Fisherman's Wharf, San Francisco Fisherman's Wharf, San Francisco Fisherman's Wharf is a neighborhood and popular tourist attraction in San Francisco, California. It roughly encompasses the northern waterfront area of San Francisco from Ghirardelli Square or Van Ness Avenue east to Pier 35 or Kearny Street. The F Market streetcar runs through the area, the Powell-Hyde cable car lines runs to Aquatic Park, at the edge of Fisherman's Wharf, and the Powell-Mason cable car line runs a few blocks away. San Francisco's Fisherman's Wharf gets its name and neighborhood characteristics from the city's early days of the mid to later 1800s when Italian immigrant fishermen

neg: Cable car (railway) other cable car transit systems, and this model is often known as the "Hallidie Cable Car". In 1881 the Dunedin cable tramway system opened in Dunedin, New Zealand and became the first such system outside San Francisco. For Dunedin, George Smith Duncan further developed the Hallidie model, introducing the pull curve and the slot brake; the former was a way to pull cars through a curve, since Dunedin's curves were too sharp to allow coasting, while the latter forced a wedge down into the cable slot to stop the car. Both of these innovations were generally adopted by other cities,

neg: William Eppelsheimer line is more often attributed to its promoter, Andrew Smith Hallidie. He later designed the Eppelsheimer bottom grip for the Geary Street, Park & Ocean Railway, another San Francisco line, and this is still used by that city's surviving cable cars. Eppelsheimer went on to design the Chicago City Railway, at one time the world's largest and most profitable cable car system, and London's Highgate Hill Cable Tramway, Europe's first cable tramway. After working in Edinburgh on the "Edinburgh Northern Cable Tramways" he returned to Germany by 1885. William Eppelsheimer William Eppelsheimer (January 26, 1842– June 9, 1920) was a

neg: KRON-TV end of the decade). During this time, KRON news grew rapidly in viewership and collected a large number of awards, including two DuPont Columbia awards, a Peabody, and more than 100 local Emmys. The station also produced a series of one-minute documentaries during the mid-1980s, "San Francisco Minutes" and "Bay Area Minutes", which featured people, places and events in San Francisco and Bay Area history and usually featured narrations by KRON-TV personalities set to soaring music (e.g., Mark Thompson on San Francisco's cable cars, Lloyd Patterson on the San Mateo County coastline). In the 1990s, the station utilized a "24

neg: Horsebus This was not only more efficient, but faster and produced, in an age of unpaved streets, a far superior ride. These horse-cars on rails were converted to cable-drawn cars in larger cities, as still exist in San Francisco, the underground cable being drawn by stationary steam engines. (Not to be overlooked was the establishment in both London and New York, of steam hauled urban railways, either underground or on elevated structures. These metropolitan railways are where the present term "Metro" began. These systems provided "rapid transit" on their routes). At around 1890, electric propulsion became practical and replaced both the

neg: Wellington Cable Car and trains, the Cable Car does not receive a subsidy, and is profitable. The Cable Car Museum was opened in December 2000. Located in the original winding house, and with a new extension completed in 2006, it houses original grip cars 1 and 3, with the electric winding gear still in working order. Car 1 is in red 1970s livery, including contemporary advertising. Car 3 was restored in 2005 to a green livery dating from about 1905, and a bell from the San Francisco Cable Car was added. The winding gear is still in working order and runs a loop

neg: Cable grip accelerating. This is the type of grip used in the cable cars of San Francisco. The grip is attached to the lead truck of the car (or both trucks, in the case of double-ended cars), and is a field-replaceable unit. While there have also been side grips and even top grips, the sheer number of rope changes, crossings, and "let-go" curves make a bottom grip, i.e., one in which the jaws open directly downward, the most practical type of grip. The operating lever raises and lowers the center plate of the grip, which in turn operates the jaws. With the

neg: Consolidated Steel Corporation horse cars and perhaps street cars for Los Angeles, Pasadena and other communities in the Los Angeles area and that they built some larger cars for the Santa Ana & Orange Motor Road in 1898. According to this authority, after Pacific Electric bought this line, the cars were revamped and continued in service until 1920. It is claimed that In the early 1890s, Street Railway Journal reportedly ranked Baker “among the principal car builders on the Pacific Coast.” There is also some possibility Baker built some of the L.A. cable cars too. (Yes, San Francisco was not the only city

neg: South of Market, San Francisco York City, and, in turn, Soho in London. Before being called South of Market this area was called "South of the Slot", a reference to the cable cars that ran up and down Market along the slots through which they gripped cables. While the cable cars have long since disappeared from Market Street, some "old timers" still refer to this area as "South of the Slot". Since 1847, the official name of the South of Market area has been the "100 Vara Survey" (alternately "100 Vara District") or simply "100 Vara" for short (with "100" sometimes spelled out). Since the

neg: Market Street Railway (nonprofit) Market Street Railway (nonprofit) Market Street Railway is San Francisco Municipal Railway's (Muni) 1,200-member nonprofit preservation partner. It relies on private contributions to help maintain San Francisco’s fleet of historic streetcars in service on the E Embarcadero and F Market & Wharves lines and the national landmark cable cars. Market Street Railway operates a vintage vehicle restoration facility at 1 Buchanan Street, in the shadow of the 1937 San Francisco Mint. It is here that Market Street Railway volunteers restore historic vehicles before donating them to Muni. Market Street Railway borrows the name of the Market Street Railway Company, a

neg: Clay Street Hill Railroad car, so Hallidie took the grip himself and ran the car down the hill and up again without any problems. The line involved the use of grip cars, which carried the grip that engaged with the cable, towing trailer cars. The design was the first to use such grips. The Clay Street line started regular service on September 1, 1873 and was a financial success. In 1888, it was absorbed into the Sacramento-Clay line of the Ferries and Cliff House Railway, and it subsequently became a small part of the San Francisco cable car system. Today none of the original

neg: Track brake cable cars of San Francisco are fitted with mechanical track brakes, controlled by a large braking lever next to the grip lever. Pulling back on this lever forces replaceable pine wood blocks against the rails; as a result, a cable car descending a steep hill emits an odor of smoldering wood. These track brakes are routinely used many times while traversing a cable car route. The true emergency brake on a cable car is known as a "slot blade," a steel wedge that can be forced into the slot-rail between the running rails by a strong spring. If a runaway

neg: San Francisco cable car system at the end of the line; the single-ended cable cars use manual non-powered turntables to rotate the car. There are three street turntables to do this, one at the end of each of the three terminals: at Market & Powell Streets, Taylor & Bay Streets, and Hyde & Beach Streets, with a fourth turntable located inside the car barn on Washington and Jackson Streets. There is also a set of non-revenue tracks from the California Street line along Hyde Street to join the Powell-Hyde line at Hyde and Washington. This connection exists to enable California Street cars to reach the

neg: Narrow-gauge railroads in the United States notable later survivor was West Side Lumber Company railway which continued using gauge geared steam locomotives until 1968. There is one narrow-gauge industrial railroad still in commercial operation in the United States, the US Gypsum operation in Plaster City, California, which uses a number of Montreal Locomotive Works locomotives obtained from the White Pass after its 1982 closure. Temporary narrow-gauge railways are commonly built to support large tunneling and mining operations. The famous San Francisco cable car system has a gauge of , as did the street cars on the former Los Angeles street railway. Rail haulage has been very

neg: San Francisco cable car system car barn. The cable car system connects at both its terminals on Market Street with the F Market heritage streetcar line. The Taylor and Bay terminal, and the Hyde and Beach terminal, are both short walks from the F Market line. As of July 1, 2015, riding a cable car costs $7 for a single ride, except for seniors riding before 7am or after 9pm when the senior fare is $3. $7 Cable Car Souvenir Tickets are sold in advance and include a San Francisco souvenir as well as a single ride. Beside these single ride tickets, cable car rides

neg: Wagonway engine (4.5 to 1 gear ratio), driving four individually-rotating concave-tread wheels on stationery axles via chain drives; powerful but running less than 5 miles per hour. As steam power gradually replaced horse power, the term "wagonway" became obsolete and was superseded by the term "railway". In 2018, very few horse or cable freight railways, notable examples being the cable-hauled St Michael's Mount Tramway and the Reisszug - which has been in continuous operation since around 1500. A few passenger lines continue to operate, including the horse-hauled Douglas Bay Horse Tramway and the cable-hauled San Francisco cable cars. Wagonway Wagonways (or

neg: Cable car (railway) including San Francisco. In Australia, the Melbourne cable tramway system operated from 1885 to 1940. It was one of the most extensive in the world with 1200 trams and trailers operating over 15 routes with 103 km (64 miles) of track. Sydney also had a couple of cable tram routes. Cable cars rapidly spread to other cities, although the major attraction for most was the ability to displace horsecar (or mule-drawn) systems rather than the ability to climb hills. Many people at the time viewed horse-drawn transit as unnecessarily cruel, and the fact that a typical horse could work only

neg: San Francisco cable car system that it needed comprehensive rebuilding at a cost of $60 million. Mayor Dianne Feinstein took charge of the effort, and helped win federal funding for the bulk of the rebuilding job. In 1982 the cable car system was closed again for a complete rebuild. This involved the complete replacement of 69 city blocks' worth of tracks and cable channels, the complete rebuilding of the car barn and powerhouse within the original outer brick walls, new propulsion equipment, and the repair or rebuild of 37 cable cars. The system reopened on June 21, 1984, in time to benefit from the publicity

neg: Robert Alexander Wason of jobs and places before settling down to a career writing, with his westerns incorporating items from his life's experiences. In addition to clerking for his father, he worked as an office boy, a grip man on the San Francisco cable cars, a miner in a Nevada mercury mine, and as a farmer in Delphi, Indiana. Over his life he lived in Ohio, Indiana, San Francisco, Detroit, Orr's Island, Maine, Temple, Arizona, Arden, Delaware, Norwalk, Connecticut, and Mountain Lakes, New Jersey. Wason married Emma Louise Brownell in Peru, Indiana in 1911. They had two sons and a daughter. He died

neg: Passenger rail terminology streetcar (also known as heritage trolley or vintage trolley) is an American term for streetcar systems that use vehicles that were built before 1960, or modern replicas of such vehicles. Cable car is an American word for a passenger rail vehicle attached to a moving cable located below the street surface and powered by engines or motors at a central location, not on board the vehicle. There are cable cars operating in numerous cities, such as San Francisco. In the Tennessee Williams play "A Streetcar Named Desire", the term "streetcar" is used allegorically to refer to Blanche DuBois' promiscuity and

neg: Mount Lowe Railway built to negotiate a granite chasm across of track on a 62% grade. The trestle was named, as was customary in railroad constructions, for the chief engineer, David Macpherson, thus, the Macpherson Trestle. The Great Incline cable mechanism was engineered by Andrew Smith Hallidie of San Francisco cable car fame. It climbed with approximately of cable spliced into a complete loop which raised and lowered the cars of the Incline. At the Echo summit an incline powerhouse was erected to house the winding motor and gear works which powered the grip wheel. The wheel consisted of 72 clamping "finger" mechanisms

neg: San Francisco cable car system votes to 51,457. In 1951, the three Cal Cable lines were shut down when the company was unable to afford insurance. The city purchased and reopened the lines in 1952, but the amendment to the city charter did not protect them, and the city proceeded with plans to replace them with buses. Again Klussmann came to the rescue, but with less success. The result was a compromise that formed the current system: a protected system made up of the California Street line from Cal Cable, the Powell-Mason line already in municipal ownership, and a third hybrid line formed by grafting

neg: Beautiful music listening") in 1973, but ended with a change to adult contemporary in 1976. In 1959 Gordon McLendon, who had interests in Top-40 radio in Dallas as well as other markets, decided to "counter-program" in San Francisco since several Top-40 stations were already there. McLendon established beautiful music AM station KABL (a tribute to the San Francisco cable cars, named by McLendon's executive assistant Billie Page Odom) which was successful through the 1990s. It then experimented with combining elements of Big Bands and soft rock until its demise in the early 21st century. It was reborn as an Internet radio station

neg: Thomas Jefferson Kaye of his record productions. The band included fiddler Kenny Kosek, and released a self-titled album on the small Good Medicine label in 1972. About the same time, Kaye was commissioned by Columbia Records to produce the third album by Loudon Wainwright III. This produced the hit single "Dead Skunk", and raised Kaye's profile. He moved to San Francisco in the early 1970s, to produce Link Wray's album "Be What You Want To". There, he "fell in love with Wally Heider's studio and with the air-conditioned San Francisco climate and with the hills and with the cable cars...". He settled in

neg: San Francisco graft trials San Francisco had been converted to overhead trolley routes, but a great many favored placing the power lines in underground conduits which was considerably more expensive. Eastern investors led by Patrick Calhoun took over the system, inheriting a number of lines built by a variety of competing companies over many years. In 1900, the system had of track, of cable, of overhead trolley, for horse cars, and of ancient steam railroad. United Railroad was dead set against paying for underground conduit. In 1902, Tirey L. Ford, who was the Attorney General of the State of California, began making regular, secret

neg: San Francisco Municipal Railway scratch-off passes that can be purchased by mail, or at various places throughout the city; they are good on all regular-service lines without surcharge, including cable cars, and cost $20 for a 1-day pass, $31 for a 3-day pass, or $40 for a 7-day pass, as of July 2015. Muni has implemented a dual-mode smart card payment system known as Clipper (formerly TransLink). The transponders have been in use since at least 2004, and replaced most paper monthly passes in 2010. BART, Caltrain, Golden Gate Transit, VTA, AC Transit, SamTrans, SMART and San Francisco Bay Ferry also utilize the Clipper

neg: San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency as transit, street design, parking needs, taxis, and so on. The SFMTA handles rail, bus, and other public transportation under its Transit division (the San Francisco Municipal Railway, commonly known as "Muni"). The SFMTA handles over 700,000 weekday boardings (707,590 in fiscal year 2017) on its public transit services and serves 90 routes. Muni provides transit services with its vehicle fleet of, as of 2015, 1096 service vehicles: buses (both diesel and trolleybus), cable cars, light rail vehicles, and historic streetcars. The agency and its board also set the fares for the system, with the last increase setting the general

neg: Muni Metro for youth ages 5–17, seniors, and the disabled. Clipper and MuniMobile fares are lower than cash fares. Effective July 1, 2017, their fares are $2.50 for adults and $1.25 for youth ages 5–17, seniors, and the disabled. Muni currently operates a Free Muni for Seniors program that provides low- and moderate-income seniors residing in San Francisco free access to all Muni transit services, including Muni's cable cars. Free Muni is open to all San Francisco senior Clipper card holders, ages 65 and over, with a gross annual family income at or below 100 percent of the Bay Area Median Income

neg: San Francisco Municipal Railway Medicare card holders; and free for low- and moderate- income seniors, youth aged 5–18, people with disabilities residing in San Francisco, and up to three kids under 5 per adult. Clipper card and MuniMobile fares are $2.50 for adults and $1.25 for seniors, youth, and people with disabilities. Proof-of-payment, which fare inspectors may demand at any time, is either a Clipper card, Muni Passport, or paper transfer. One fare entitles a rider to unlimited vehicle transfers for the next 90 to 120 minutes. Cable cars are $7 one way, with no transfers unless the rider has a Muni Passport or

neg: Cable car (railway) Rather than using a grip car and single trailer, as many cities did, or combining the grip and trailer into a single car, like San Francisco's "California Cars", Chicago used grip cars to pull trains of up to three trailers. In 1883 the New York and Brooklyn Bridge Railway was opened, which had a most curious feature: though it was a cable car system, it used steam locomotives to get the cars into and out of the terminals. After 1896 the system was changed to one on which a motor car was added to each train to maneuver at the

neg: San Francisco cable car system remaining were the two Powell Street lines – by then under municipal ownership, as part of Muni – and the three lines owned by the still-independent Cal Cable. In 1947, Mayor Roger Lapham proposed the closure of the two municipally owned lines. In response, a joint meeting of 27 women's civic groups, led by Friedel Klussmann, formed the "Citizens' Committee to Save the Cable Cars". In a famous battle of wills, the citizens' committee eventually forced a referendum on an amendment to the city charter, compelling the city to continue operating the Powell Street lines. This passed overwhelmingly, by 166,989

neg: South of Market, San Francisco Vara, while the South of Market area is officially known as 100 Vara. During the mid-19th century, SOMA became a burgeoning pioneer community, consisting largely of low-density residential buildings, except for a business district that developed along 2nd and 3rd streets, and emerging industrial areas near the waterfront. Rincon Hill became an enclave for the wealthy, while nearby South Park became an enclave for the upper middle class. By the early 20th century, heavy industrial development due to its proximity to the docks of San Francisco Bay, coupled with the advent of cable cars, had driven the wealthy over to

neg: Urban rail transit descending cars to help pull the ascending cars up the slope. A cable car in the context of mass transit is a system using rail cars that are hauled by a continuously moving cable running at a constant speed. Individual cars stop and start by releasing and gripping this cable as required. Cable cars are distinct from funiculars, where the cars are permanently attached to the cable and cable railways, which are similar to funiculars, but the rail vehicles are attached and detached manually. Transit agencies' names for lines do not necessarily reflect their technical categorization. For example, Boston's Green

neg: Quiz Kids (Bay Area) Quiz Kids (Bay Area) Bay Area Quiz Kids is an academic quiz public-access television show for San Francisco Bay Area high schools. From the start in 1999 it has been hosted by Brad Friedman, the Drama Director at San Mateo High School. Originally developed as "Peninsula Quiz Kids" by Bob Marks and Liz La Porte of Peninsula TV Cable 26 (Pen-TV) in 1999, the show began airing on KRON-4 in San Francisco as "Bay Area Quiz Kids". The show is now a production of TV Game Brains, headed by Executive Producer Marc Balcer. Throughout its run, the show has been

neg: San Francisco drawn to "Old Gold Mountain", creating the city's Chinatown quarter. In 1870, Asians made up 8% of the population. The first cable cars carried San Franciscans up Clay Street in 1873. The city's sea of Victorian houses began to take shape, and civic leaders campaigned for a spacious public park, resulting in plans for Golden Gate Park. San Franciscans built schools, churches, theaters, and all the hallmarks of civic life. The Presidio developed into the most important American military installation on the Pacific coast. By 1890, San Francisco's population approached 300,000, making it the eighth-largest city in the United States