query: when did 18 year olds get to vote

pos: Voting age voting age. Many countries, particularly in Western Europe, reduced their voting ages to 18 years during the 1970s, starting with the United Kingdom (1969), with the United States (26th Amendment) (1971), Canada, West Germany (1972), Australia (1974), France (1974), and others following soon afterwards. By the end of the 20th century, 18 had become by far the most common voting age. However, a few countries maintain a voting age of 20 years or higher. It was argued that young men could be drafted to go to war at 18, and many people felt they should be able to vote at

pos: Youth suffrage States Constitution, ratified on July 1, 1971, lowered that age to 18. The primary impetus for this change was the fact that young men were being drafted to fight in the Vietnam War before they were old enough to vote. There have been many proposals to lower the voting age even further. In 2004, California State Senator John Vasconcellos (D-Santa Clara) proposed a youth suffrage constitutional amendment called Training Wheels for Citizenship that would give 14-year-olds a quarter vote, 16-year-olds a half vote, and 17-year-olds a full vote. In 2013, Takoma Park, Maryland became the first U.S. city to allow

pos: Mauritius including Paul Bérenger were imprisoned on 23 December 1971. The MMM leader was released a year later. In May 1975, a student revolt that started at the University of Mauritius swept across the country. The students were unsatisfied with an education system that did not meet their aspirations and gave limited prospects for future employment. On 20 May, thousands of students tried to enter Port-Louis over the Grand River North West bridge and clashed with police. An act of Parliament was passed on 16 December 1975 to extend the right to vote to 18-year-olds. This was seen as an attempt

pos: Sir John Leman High School converted into the Beccles Museum. The school was established when Sir John Leman left money after his death to educate 44 pupils from Beccles, two from Ringsfield and two from Gillingham. In 1914 it became the County Mixed Grammar School on its present site in Ringsfield Road. In 1971 the school became a comprehensive high school and grew in size. In recent years building work has gone on to expand the school. Until September 2012 the school only took 13- to 18-year-olds. Due to the reorganisation of schools in Suffolk it now takes 11- to 18-year-olds. Year 7 and 8

neg: Training Wheels for Citizenship driving, why not politics?" and argued that teenagers have more exposure to current events via the media and Internet. Attorney Richard Perr countered the argument that 14-year-olds lack experience by saying that the "same argument could be made for many adults, who are automatically given the right to vote when they turn 18." The amendment was promoted as a means of increasing voter turnout by allowing youth to get in the habit of voting before leaving high school. The plan was criticized as promoting "representation without taxation." Republican Assemblyman Ray Haynes said, "There's a reason 14-year-olds and 16-year-olds don't vote.

neg: Youth vote in the United States peak at the age of 50 and then falls again. Ever since 18-year-olds were given the right to vote in 1972, youth have been under represented at the polls. In 1976, one of the first elections in which 18-year-olds were able to vote, 18-24 year-olds made up 18 percent of all eligible voters in America, but only 13 percent actually voted - an under-representation of one-third. In the next election in 1978, youth were under-represented by 50 percent. "Seven out of ten young people…did not vote in the 1996 presidential election… 20 percent below the general turnout". In 1998, out

neg: Training Wheels for Citizenship Training Wheels for Citizenship Training Wheels for Citizenship was a youth suffrage proposal by California Democratic state senator John Vasconcellos to give 14-year-olds one-quarter of a vote and 16-year-olds one-half of a vote, with 18-year-olds continuing to have a full vote as under the current system. It would have applied only in state elections. Vasconellos' rationale for the graduated system was that he did not think that the legislature would approve full voting rights; however, he said "in my heart I think 16-year-olds should be given a full vote." Vasconellos said, "We have apprenticeships in medicine, journalism, plumbing, and car

neg: Electoral reform in Oregon of the kind of Constitutional support it would have provided, 47 did not take effect. Portland, Oregon also has a publicly financed campaign option for its city elections known as Clean Elections. Oregon election laws were amended in 2007 by HB 2910 to allow 17-year-olds to "pre-register" to vote, ensuring they receive a ballot when they turn 18 and thereby increasing their likelihood of voting. There have been proposals for lowering the age threshold by one year to allow 16-year-olds to "pre-register". The state used to allow Election Day voter registration up until 1984, but a 1986 ballot measure in

neg: Training Wheels for Citizenship was also passed by the Senate Committee on Elections and Reapportionment on May 5, and referred to the Committee on Constitutional Amendments. On June 23, that committee passed it and referred it to the Committee on Appropriations, where it failed by a 3-5 vote on August 12. Training Wheels for Citizenship Training Wheels for Citizenship was a youth suffrage proposal by California Democratic state senator John Vasconcellos to give 14-year-olds one-quarter of a vote and 16-year-olds one-half of a vote, with 18-year-olds continuing to have a full vote as under the current system. It would have applied only in state

neg: Get out the vote run TV ads aimed at young voters, on a random sample of small cable systems where they could measure the effects. Turnout was three percentage points higher among 18-19-year olds in these sample areas than in the control group covered by other similar small cable systems; there was less effect above age 22. In November 2012 and 2013 Rock the Vote experimented with Facebook ads to encourage voter turnout by telling people the number of days remaining until the election and which of their friends "liked" the countdown. The ads were shown to over 400,000 adults, randomly selected from a

neg: Mutual exclusivity (psychology) of their study, who performed slightly worse but still well above chance. Bialystok and colleagues (2010) found that the younger children in their sample of 3- and 4.5-year-olds showed a higher tendency of exhibiting mutual exclusivity than the older children. Bion, Borovsky, and Fernald (2013) claimed that their findings suggested that “the ability to find the referent of a novel word in ambiguous contexts is a skill that improves from 18 to 30 months of age.” The 18-month-olds in their sample did not reliably look at the novel object after labeling, whereas 24-month-olds did. The 24-month-olds did not show evidence

neg: Voting age encouraged political interest in young people in Austria. More sixteen- and seventeen-year-olds voted than eighteen-to-twenty-one-year-olds in Austria. Brazil lowered the voting age from 18 to 16 in the 1988 constitution. The presidential election of 1989 was the first with the lower voting age. People between the ages 18 and 70 are required to vote. Iran had been unique in awarding suffrage at 15, but raised the age to 18 in January 2007 despite the opposition of the Government. In May 2007 the Iranian Cabinet proposed a bill to reverse the increase. Luxembourg has compulsory voting from the age of 18.

neg: Get the Girl of all 18- to 49-year-olds, and 6% of all 18- to 49-year-olds watching television at the time of the broadcast. This marked a decrease in the ratings from the previous episode, "Last Day in Florida". The episode finished second in its time slot, beating a rerun of the Fox supernatural series "Touch" and The CW teen drama series "The Secret Circle". Despite this, the episode was defeated by the ABC medical drama "Grey's Anatomy" which drew a 3.0/6% rating. In addition, "Get the Girl" was the highest-rated NBC television episode of the night, barely beating the return of "Community". The

neg: 2007 French presidential election territories of French Polynesia and Wallis and Futuna. "Source: IPSOS, see Sociologie du vote du 1er tour, "L'Humanité", 5 May 2007." 30% of men voted for Sarkozy, 24% of them for Royal. 32% of women voted Sarkozy, 27% Royal. 29% of 18- to 24-year-olds voted Royal, against 26% for Sarkozy. Sarkozy also made a higher score for 35- to 44-year-olds and 60- to 69-year-olds, but a lesser score in the 45- to 59-year-old category. 36% of farmers voted Sarkozy against 8% for Royal. Workers voted at similar levels for both Sarkozy and Royal (21% for each), while public servants voted

neg: Voting age the Republican caucus. Minnesota allows 17-year-olds to participate in presidential caucuses, but may not vote in primary elections for other offices. New Hampshire allows anyone who will be 18 years old by the time of next election to register, meaning some 17-year-olds can register to vote in this state. Currently, the Maine Green Independent Party, the state branch of the Green Party of the United States, calls for the lowering of the voting age to 17. Youth suffrage appears to be gaining ground in Massachusetts; three of the four Democratic United States Senate candidates in 2010 supported lowering the voting

neg: Voting age Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The "electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislatures"." 21 states permit 17-year-olds to vote in primary elections and caucuses if they will be 18 by election day: Alaska, Connecticut, Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Mississippi, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Virginia, Vermont, and Washington. Alaska, Kansas, North Dakota and Washington allow 17-year-olds to participate in Democrat caucuses, but not in

neg: Bridgwater (UK Parliament constituency) 1970 another by-election in the constituency achieved fame as it was the first occasion when 18-, 19- and 20-year-olds were able to vote in the UK Parliamentary election. The first teenager to cast a vote was Trudy Sellick, 18 on the day of the poll. The by-election was won by the future Conservative Cabinet Minister Tom King who held the seat for the next thirty-one years, followed by another Conservative until its abolition in 2010. 1885-1918: The Municipal Borough of Bridgwater, the Sessional Division of Bridgwater, and parts of the Sessional Divisions of Taunton and Ilminster. 1918-1950: The Municipal Borough

neg: Voter turnout term the voting-eligible population. In 1972, noncitizens and ineligible felons (depending on state law) constituted about 2% of the voting-age population. By 2004, ineligible voters constituted nearly 10%. Ineligible voters are not evenly distributed across the country – 20% of California's voting-age population is ineligible to vote – which confounds comparisons of states. Furthermore, they argue that an examination of the Census Bureau's Current Population Survey shows that turnout is low but not declining among the youth, when the high youth turnout of 1972 (the first year 18- to 20-year-olds were eligible to vote in most states) is removed from

neg: Youth vote in the United States "motor-voter" law, passed in 1993, allows those 18 years and older to register to vote at a driver's license office or public assistance agency. The law also required states to accept a uniform mail-in voter registration application. Additionally, some states have extended the period in which citizens can vote instead of requiring a vote within 12 hours on a single day. Youth vote in the United States The youth vote in the United States is a political term used to describe 18- to 24-year-olds and their voting habits. Many policy areas specifically affect the youth of the United States, such

neg: Welcome Party on NBC in the United States on April 12, 2012. The episode was viewed by an estimated 4.39 million viewers and received a 2.2 rating/6% share among adults between the ages of 18 and 49. This means that it was seen by 2.2% of all 18- to 49-year-olds, and 6% of all 18- to 49-year-olds watching television at the time of the broadcast. This marked a slight drop in the ratings from the previous episode, "Get the Girl". "Welcome Party" was ranked as the lowest-rated episode of the series in the 18–49 demographic, beating the first-season finale, "Hot Girl", "Tallahassee"

neg: Electoral reform in California demonstrate that they would be out of town on Election Day, were allowed to vote absentee. Today, any voter may vote absentee. In 2004, State Sen. John Vasconcellos (D-Santa Clara) proposed a youth suffrage constitutional amendment called Training Wheels for Citizenship that would give 14-year-olds a quarter vote, 16-year-olds a half vote, and 17-year-olds a full vote. In 2012, state lawmakers passed a bill to adopt Election Day voter registration with the law expected to take effect in 2016. In 2015, California became the second state to pass automatic voter registration with initial implementation expected in the second half of

neg: Child marriage in the United States females aged 16 can marry with exceptions. In Guam, the general age is 18, but 16-year-olds can get married with the consent of at least one parent or guardian. In American Samoa, since 2018, the marriage age is 18 for both sexes; in September 2018, governor Lolo Moliga signed into law a bill changing the marriage age for girls from 14 to 18. In the District of Columbia the general age is 18, but 16-year-olds may marry with exceptions. In the U.S. Virgin Islands the age of marriage is 14 for females and 16 for males. In the Northern Mariana

neg: Same-sex marriage in Uruguay same-sex marriage, while 17% strongly opposed it; with the remaining being somewhat in support or in opposition or had no opinion. Additionally, support was higher among young people: 79% and 80% of 18-25-year-olds and 26-35-year-olds supported same-sex marriage, respectively. Among people over the age of 66, support was 51%. Same-sex marriage in Uruguay Same-sex marriage became legal in Uruguay on August 5, 2013. A bill for legalization was passed by the Chamber of Representatives on December 12, 2012 in a vote of 81–6. The Senate approved it with some minor amendments on April 2, 2013, in a 23–8 vote. The

neg: Same-sex marriage in Canada opinions against same-sex marriage." A 2017 CROP poll showed that 74% of Canadians found it "great that in Canada, two people of the same sex can get married". 26% disagreed. Support for same-sex marriage was higher among women (79%) than among men (70%) and higher among French speakers (82%) than English speakers (73%). Those with a higher income, a university degree or who were born in Canada were also more likely to support same-sex marriage. When divided by age, young people were overwhelmingly in support (82% among 18-24-year-olds and 86% among 25-34-year-olds) and, while people over 65 were less likely

neg: Jack the Writer get new DVDs". According to the Nielsen ratings system, "Jack the Writer" was watched by approximately 4.61 million American viewers, ranking eighty-first in the weekly charts. The episode received a rating of 1.7/5 in the key adults 18–49 demographic. The 1.7 refers to 1.7% of all 18- to 49-year-olds, and the 5 refers to 5% of all 18- to 49-year-olds watching television at the time of the broadcast. In the United Kingdom, the episode attracted 500,000 viewers and a 4% share of the viewing audience at the time of the broadcast. Robert Canning of IGN felt that while the episode

neg: The Inner Circle (The Office) decides to give up trying to impress Deangelo. It is also revealed in the same talking head that Michael named his new dog after Pam. In the third 82 second clip, Jim attempts to get back into the inner circle. In its original American broadcast on May 5, 2011, "The Inner Circle" was viewed by an estimated 6.90 million households and received a 3.5 rating/10% share among adults between the ages of 18 and 49. This means that it was seen by 3.5% of all 18- to 49-year-olds, and 10% of all 18- to 49-year-olds watching television at the time

neg: Standards and Practices (30 Rock) realizes that Judy is the only child who proves Jenna has any good in her and decides to get to know her better. According to the Nielsen Media Research, this episode of "30 Rock" was watched by 3.42 million households in its original American broadcast.<ref name="603/604ratings"></ref> It earned a 1.4 rating/4 share in the 18–49 demographic. This means that it was seen by 1.4 percent of all 18- to 49-year-olds, and 4 percent of all 18- to 49-year-olds watching television at the time of the broadcast. The episode received positive reviews from critics. Alan Sepinwall, writing for "HitFix", noted that

neg: Joe Klein child deaths caused by drones in the countries where they are operating, stating that the bottom line in the end was to ask "whose 4-year-olds get killed? What we're doing is limiting the possibility that 4-year-olds here will get killed by indiscriminate acts of terror." In a June 2013 cover story for "Time" magazine, Klein reported on Oklahoma tornado relief, but came under fire for implying secular humanists did not help deliver aid. Klein later clarified he only meant to refer to "organized" secular humanist groups, a claim that was also contested and called inaccurate. In October 2014 Klein traveled

neg: Generation X included that they were "bleak, cynical, and disaffected". Such stereotypes prompted sociological research at Stanford University to study the accuracy of the characterization of Gen X young adults as cynical and disaffected. Using the national General Social Survey, the researchers compared answers to identical survey questions asked of 18–29-year-olds in three different time periods. Additionally, they compared how older adults answered the same survey questions over time. The surveys showed 18–29-year-old Gen Xers did exhibit higher levels of cynicism and disaffection than previous cohorts of 18–29-year-olds surveyed; however, they also found that cynicism and disaffection had increased among all age

neg: Trivia (The Office) of 18 and 49. This means that it was seen by 2.9% of all 18- to 49-year-olds, and 7% of all 18- to 49-year-olds watching television at the time of the broadcast. The episode remained relatively equal in ratings compared with the previous episode, "Christmas Wishes." The episode finished third in its time slot, being beaten by "Grey's Anatomy" which received a 3.8 rating/9% share and the CBS drama "Person of Interest" which received a 3.2 rating/8% share in the 18–49 demographic. The episode, however, did manage to beat the Fox drama series "The Finder" and The CW drama series

neg: 2016 Ohio Democratic primary be 18 by the time of the general election, to vote in the presidential primaries. However, Ohio Secretary of State Jon A. Husted had announced in December 2015 that 17 year olds would be outright barred from participating in the 2016 primaries. The rationale for the decision was based on an interpretation of the law in which 17 year olds could "nominate" officials for office, but not "elect". In the case of the presidential primaries, by definition, voters would be electing officials - delegates to each party's presidential nominating convention. The decision was met with criticism by the public, after

neg: Hangman's fracture group of 65-84 (39.02%) at risks of falls (61%) or motor accidents (21%) in metropolitan areas (94%). There were 203 discharges from the age group 1-17; 1,843 from 18- to 44-year-olds; 2,147 from 45- to 64-year-olds, 4,890 from 65- to 84-year-olds, and 3440 from 85+-year-olds. Females accounted for 54.45% of occurrences while males accounted for the other 45.38%. The mechanism of the injury is forcible hyperextension of the head, usually with distraction of the neck. Traditionally this would occur during judicial hanging, when the noose was placed below the condemned subject's chin. When the subject was dropped, the head would

neg: Representation of the People Act 1969 Representation of the People Act 1969 The Representation of the People Act 1969 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It extended suffrage to 18- to 20-year-olds. Previously, only those 21 or over were permitted to vote. Votes were extended to undergraduate students in their university town following an appeal to the High Court led for the National Union of Students by the Junior Common Room (JCR - official undergraduate student body) of Churchill College, Cambridge. Significantly, it did not extend the right to stand for election to Parliament to under-21s. This statute is sometimes known as

neg: Euroscepticism in the United Kingdom 18–24 (with 56% of 18- to 24-year-olds stating that they would vote for Britain to remain in the EU). Finally, the results of the poll showed some regional variation: support for withdrawal from the EU is lowest in Scotland and London (at 22% and 32% respectively) but reaches 42% in the Midlands and Wales (the only region polled with a plurality in favour of withdrawal). The February 2015 study also showed that trust of the UK's relationship with the EU is split along partisan lines. When asked which party they trusted the most to handle the UK's relationship with the

neg: 2018 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship 2018 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship The 2018 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship was the GAA's premier inter-county gaelic football competition for under 17s. Thirty one county teams from Ireland competed (Kilkenny did not participate). 2018 was the first minor competition for under 17 year-olds – previously the competition had an under 18 age limit. The under 17 championship with a new format was introduced after a vote at the GAA congress on 26 February 2016. A league format was introduced in Connacht and Leinster. Munster retained their double elimination format and Ulster changed to a double elimination format. Kerry defeated Galway

neg: SeinfeldVision key 18–49 demographic, a series high in that category. The 3.4 refers to 3.4% of all 18- to 49-year-olds in the U.S. and the 9 refers to 9% of all 18- to 49-year-olds watching television at the time of the broadcast, in the U.S. Jeff Labrecque of "Entertainment Weekly" wrote that ""SeinfeldVision" was a clever and ironic way to incorporate Seinfeld." Matt Webb Mitovich of "TV Guide" said that "['SeinfeldVision'] was a solid start to the new, fought-for season" and that it did have "some great, great moments." Despite this praise, Webb Mitovich criticised Kenneth and Tracy's "office wife" storyline

neg: Mrs. Donaghy 10:00 as it is a low rated show. According to Nielsen Media Research, "Mrs. Donaghy" was watched by 5.338 million households in its original American broadcast. According to "New York" magazine the staff were most worried about how "30 Rock" and "Community"—another program that airs on NBC's Thursday lineup—would do in the new time change but said that both shows "did great." The episode earned a 2.7 rating/7 share in the 18–49 demographic. This means that it was seen by 2.7 percent of all 18- to 49-year-olds, and 7 percent of all 18- to 49-year-olds watching television at the time

neg: 2020 United States presidential election losing the popular vote, possibly by an even larger margin than in 2016. Additionally, Washington, D.C. may lower its voting age from 18 to 16. Legislation was introduced by City Councilman Charles Allen in April 2018, with a public hearing in June, and a vote by the end of the year. Unlike other cities with a voting age of 16 such as Berkeley, California, this would allow 16 and 17-year-olds to vote for President of the United States for the first time in 2020. Allen said that he was inspired by the high school students that participated in the March

neg:
2018 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship (Kerry)
 11. Matthew Costello (Meath)
 12. Aaron Mulligan (Monaghan)
 13. Luke Mitchell (Meath)
 14. Eoin Darcy (Wicklow)
 15. Matthew Cooley (Galway) 2018 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship The 2018 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship was the GAA's premier inter-county gaelic football competition for under 17s. Thirty one county teams from Ireland competed (Kilkenny did not participate). 2018 was the first minor competition for under 17 year-olds – previously the competition had an under 18 age limit. The under 17 championship with a new format was introduced after a vote at the GAA congress on 26 February 2016. A league format was introduced

neg: Temporary Assistance for Needy Families were also required to eliminate cash benefits to unwed teens under age 18 who did not reside with their parents. TANF allowed states to impose family caps on the receipt of additional cash benefits from unwed childbearing. Between 1994 and 1999, unwed childbearing among teenagers declined 20 percent among 15- to 17-year-olds and 10 percent among 18- and 19-year-olds. In a comprehensive cross-state comparison, Horvath-Rose & Peters (2002) studied nonmarital birth ratios with and without family cap waivers over the 1986-1996 period, and they found that family caps reduced nonmarital ratios. Any fears that family caps would lead to more

neg: Voting rights in the United States federal and state laws which set a minimum voting age higher than 18 years. As of 2008, no state has opted for an earlier age, although some state governments have discussed it. California has, since the 1980s, allowed persons who are 17 to register to vote for an election where the election itself will occur on or after their 18th birthday, and several states including Indiana allow 17-year-olds to vote in a primary election provided they will be 18 by the general election. Prisoner voting rights are defined by individual states, and the laws are different from state to state.

neg: Darryl Buchanan Darryl Buchanan Darryl E. Buchanan is a politician, former City Administrator and City Ombudsman of the City of Flint, Michigan. He was age 18 in 1972 becoming a part of the first generation of 18-year-olds to vote in a presidential election. He worked in the Flint City Ombudsman's office under the former Councilman Chester Simmons. He was appointed the office of Obudsman in 1989. He was remove from office by the City Council. He was elected to City Council in 2001 and re-election in 2005. In February 2007, he won a recall election with 65% of the vote. In November

neg: Flu Shot (30 Rock) seen by 3.2% of all 18- to 49-year-olds, and 8% of all 18- to 49-year-olds watching television at the time of the broadcast. This was an increase from the previous episode, "Señor Macho Solo", which was watched by 5.4 million American viewers. Since airing, the episode has received a mixed response from television critics. IGN contributor Robert Canning said "Flu Shot" had a number of aspects that he enjoyed, but "as a whole" the episode was not completely satisfying, and reasoned that this episode fell below "30 Rock" standards. He said that he personally did not buy the idea of

neg: Distorted Humor freshman sire of 2002. In 2003, his son Funny Cide became a dual classic winner, and Awesome Humor was a Grade I winner. In 2005, Distorted Humor's oldest foals were five-year-olds. Over the course of 140 races, 88 of his get (13 of which were two-year-olds) earned $8.6 million. He finished the year as the second top sire in America, beaten only by the now deceased Saint Ballado. By late 2006, he had 255 winners, including 18 graded stakes winners, from 340 starters and sired 46 stakes winners. From five crops, his progeny have earned $30,265,433. In 2006, as a

neg: Elections in Malta elections in Malta are held according to the single transferable vote (STV) system, consistently with domestic electoral systems and with EU standards requiring proportional representation and use either the list system or STV. In the 2015 local elections, 16-year-olds were allowed to vote for the first time. On March 5th, 2018, 16-year-olds were given the right to vote in general elections and can thus vote in the upcoming 2022 general election There are three types of referendums in Malta: constitutional, consultative and abrogative referendums. The Constitution of Malta mentions the institute of referendum only in Article 66, sub-articles 3 and

neg: When It Rains, It Pours (30 Rock) the episode, several men hit on Liz, which surprises her, and one of those men who hits on her was credited as "Moonvest" and was played by Craig Castaldo, or known as Radio Man. Castaldo has made numerous appearances on the program. In its original American broadcast, "When It Rains, It Pours" drew in 5.688 million households, according to the Nielsen Media Research. The show claimed a 2.6 rating/8 share among viewers in the 18–49 demographic. This means that it was seen by 2.6 percent of all 18- to 49-year-olds, and 8 percent of all 18- to 49-year-olds watching television

neg: Nashville (2007 TV series) Nashville (2007 TV series) Nashville is an American reality television/soap opera series featuring several aspiring country music artists. The show, which was based in Nashville, Tennessee, aired on Fox Broadcasting Company for two episodes prior to its cancellation. Nashville premiered on the Fox network on September 14, 2007 at 9/8c. The docu-soap did not fare well, with a total of 2.72 million viewers for a 1.7/3 (1,916,600 households, 3% of total watching) rating during in its first telecast, and a 1.0/3 (1,310,500 18- to 49-year-olds watching) in the first half-hour and a 0.9/3 (1,179,450 18- to 49-year-olds watching) in the

neg: Electoral reform in Maine Electoral reform in Maine Electoral reform in Maine refers to efforts to changing voting and election laws in the Pine Tree State. In 2004, several Maine legislators proposed a bill to lower the voting age to 17. The proposal failed, but a compromise to allow 17-year-olds to vote in primary election if 18 by general election passed. In 2007, legislation was introduced to join the National Popular Vote Interstate Compact, but it failed. Currently, Maine is the only state besides Nebraska to allocate two of its electors to the winner of the statewide popular vote and the rest according to

neg: Electoral reform in Maine the winner of the popular vote in each Congressional district. Electoral reform in Maine Electoral reform in Maine refers to efforts to changing voting and election laws in the Pine Tree State. In 2004, several Maine legislators proposed a bill to lower the voting age to 17. The proposal failed, but a compromise to allow 17-year-olds to vote in primary election if 18 by general election passed. In 2007, legislation was introduced to join the National Popular Vote Interstate Compact, but it failed. Currently, Maine is the only state besides Nebraska to allocate two of its electors to the winner

neg: Dude Ranch (Modern Family) the characters gain their confidence with Mitchell blowing up a birdhouse with Luke, Jay standing up to the cowboy and Phil standing up to Jay. In its original American broadcast, "Dude Ranch" alongside the following episode, "When Good Kids Go Bad", was viewed by an estimated 14.54 million households and received a 6.1 rating/15% share among adults between the ages of 18 and 49. This means that it was seen by 6.1% of all 18- to 49-year-olds, and 15% of all 18- to 49-year-olds watching television at the time of the broadcast. This marked an 18% rise in the ratings

neg: Mutual exclusivity (psychology) chance. The 14-month-olds actually looked at the familiar object (a car) after being asked to find the “dax.” Other studies have offered different timelines for different areas of development of this constraint in children. Bion, Borovsky, and Fernald (2013) claimed that their findings suggested that “the ability to find the referent of a novel word in ambiguous contexts is a skill that improves from 18 to 30 months of age.” The 18-month-olds in their sample did not reliably look at the novel object after labeling, whereas 24-month-olds did. Liittschwager and Markman (1994) found evidence of 16-month-olds exhibiting mutual exclusivity, suggesting

neg: Youth vote in the United States Youth vote in the United States The youth vote in the United States is a political term used to describe 18- to 24-year-olds and their voting habits. Many policy areas specifically affect the youth of the United States, such as education issues and the juvenile justice system. The general trend in voter turnout for American elections has been decreasing for all age groups, but "young people's participation has taken the biggest nosedive". This low youth turnout is part of the generational trend of voting activity. Young people have the lowest turnout, though as the individual ages, turnout increases to a

neg: Rock the Vote report to a polling place near you" on November 2, (Election Day). The Rock the Vote logo and a facsimile of Secretary Donald Rumsfeld's signature appeared at the bottom of the message. In addition, Rock the Vote created public service announcements featuring the subject of the draft. Besides making the PSAs available to large cable systems, they also paid to run them on a random sample of small cable systems where they could measure the effects. Turnout was three percentage points higher among 18-19-year olds in these sample areas than in the control group covered by other similar small cable

neg: Digital divide in the United States 57–65 own an e-book reader and an iPad or tablet, 7% of adults ages 47–56 own an e-Book reader compared to 4% owning an iPad or tablet, and 5% of adults ages 18–46 own an e-Book reader and an iPad or tablet. Age is negatively related to incidence of owning a device: 1% of 18–34 year olds, 3% of 35–46 year olds, 8% of 47–56 year olds, 20% of 66–74 year olds, and 43% of 75 year olds and older own none of the previously listed devices. Internet connectivity can be accessed at a variety of locations such as homes,

neg: Melissa Suffield In May 2010 it was announced that Suffield had been axed from "EastEnders" after she allegedly ignored warnings about her "unruly" behaviour. On 14 November 2011, it was announced the character would be returning to "EastEnders" in January 2012 with Hetti Bywater taking over the role. In August 2009, Suffield took part in a documentary called "16: Too Young To Vote?" as part of BBC Three's "Adult Season", where she journeys around the United Kingdom to find out whether 16-year-olds should get the right to vote. In September 2009 she reported for the BBC "Watchdog" programme on the dangers of

neg: Voices of Youth Take Action This section suggests community projects that young people can begin to help improve the world. This section also profiles successful youth leaders as sources of inspiration, and provides a list of organizations and projects for users to get involved in. Voices of Youth members are from more than 180 countries. More than 60% are from developing countries. 55% of Voices of Youth forum users are female, while only 40% are male (5% of members did not disclose their gender). 32% of Voices of Youth members are 15- to 19-year-olds, and an additional 32% are 20- to 25-year-olds. 8%

neg: Australian Electoral Commission that the writs were issued (this can be up to 10 days after the election has been announced). This legislation was considered controversial by some Australians who contended it disenfranchised first-time voters or those who have forgotten to update their enrolment. The law was repealed just before the 2010 federal election, after advocacy group GetUp! obtained a High Court ruling that the changes were unconstitutional. 16 and 17 year olds can provisionally enrol and are able to vote when they turn 18. Australian Electoral Commission The Australian Electoral Commission (AEC) is the federal independent agency in charge of organising, conducting

neg: Music and emotion through matching a facial expression with the type of emotion found in the music. Some emotions, such as anger and fear, were also found to be harder to distinguish within music. In studies with four-year-olds and five-year-olds, they are asked to label musical excerpts with the affective labels "happy", "sad", "angry", and "afraid". Results in one study showed that four-year-olds did not perform above chance with the labels "sad" and "angry", and the five-year-olds did not perform above chance with the label "afraid". A follow-up study found conflicting results, where five-year-olds performed much like adults. However, all ages confused categorizing

neg: John Vasconcellos the State Senate, again limited by term limits. Throughout his long public career Vasconcellos worked to illuminate the link between personal psychology and politics. In March 2004, Vasconcellos introduced Senate Bill 1606, known as Training Wheels for Citizenship, which would allow people 14 or older to vote. The votes of 14- and 15-year-olds would count as a quarter of a vote, and of 16- and 17-year-olds a half. The National Youth Rights Association supported the bill, but Republican legislators criticized it. Bob Stern, president of the Center for Governmental Studies, compared this bill's fractional vote to the policy of the

neg: The Collection (30 Rock) used on "Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip" and Sorkin's previous series. In this episode, the walk and talk sequence is referenced when Liz asks Kenneth, "can you walk and talk?", to which Kenneth replies, "usually, but now you've got me thinking about it". "The Collection" brought in an average of 6.2 million American viewers. This episode achieved a 2.6/7 in the key 18–49 demographic; the 2.6 refers to 2.6% of all 18- to 49-year-olds in the U.S., and the 7 refers to 7% of all 18- to 49-year-olds watching television at the time of the broadcast, in the U.S.

neg: Work Bus 4.28 million viewers and received a 2.1 rating/6% share among adults between the ages of 18 and 49. This means that it was seen by 2.1 percent of all 18 to 49-year-olds, and 6 percent of all 18 to 49-year-olds watching television at the time of the broadcast. This marks a slight decrease in the ratings when compared to the previous episode, "Andy's Ancestry". "The Office" finished third in its time slot, being beaten by an episode of the ABC series "Grey's Anatomy" which received a 3.4/9 percent rating and an entry of the CBS drama "Person of Interest", which

neg: Andy's Ancestry 2012. The episode was viewed by 4.14 million viewers and received a 2.2/6 percent share in the 18–49 demographic. This means that it was seen by 2.2 percent of all 18- to 49-year-olds, and 6 percent of all 18- to 49-year-olds watching television at the time of the broadcast. The episode marked a slight increase when compared to the previous episode, "Roy's Wedding". "The Office" finished fourth in its time slot, being beaten by an episode of the ABC series "Grey's Anatomy" which received a 3.8/10 percent rating; an entry of the CBS drama "Person of Interest", which received a

neg: Multiracial Americans on the rise, as are transracial adoptions. In 1990, around 14% of 18- to 19-year-olds, 12% of 20- to 21-year-olds, and 7% of 34- to 35-year-olds were involved in interracial relationships (Joyner and Kao, 2005). Multiracial people who wanted to acknowledge their full heritage won a victory of sorts in 1997, when the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) changed the federal regulation of racial categories to permit multiple responses. This resulted in a change to the 2000 United States Census, which allowed participants to select more than one of the six available categories, which were, in brief: "White," "Black

neg: One of Us (book) One of Us (book) One of Us is a non-fiction book by Norwegian journalist Åsne Seierstad. "One of Us" tells the lifestories of several Norwegians — notably 18-year-olds Bano Rashid, Simon Sæbø, and Viljar Hanssen — leading up to the 22 July 2011 attacks by Anders Breivik, when he terrorized both Oslo's Regjeringskvartalet and a summer camp associated with the Norwegian Labour Party. Seierstad explains in the epilogue that Tina Brown commissioned her to get anything on "that man" for publication in Newsweek. Instead she wrote about the reaction in Norway then left for Libya. When Breivik's trial was set

neg: Office Olympics and Theme" by John Williams, one of the themes for the actual Olympic games. When the games are finished, the employees play a recording of "The Star Spangled Banner". "Office Olympics" originally aired on NBC in the United States on October 4, 2005. The episode was viewed by 8.3 million viewers and received a 3.9 rating/9% share among adults between the ages of 18 and 49. This means that it was seen by 3.9% of all 18- to 49-year-olds, and 9% of all 18- to 49-year-olds watching television at the time of the broadcast. An encore presentation of the episode,

neg: Voting age part of the compulsory curriculum in schools. The "Representation of the People Act 1969" lowered the voting age from 21 to 18, with effect from 1970 and remained in force until the "Scottish Independence Referendum Act 2013" which allowed 16 year olds to vote for the first time, but only in Scotland and only in that particular referendum. The Scottish Parliament reduced the voting age to 16 for its own and Scottish local elections in 2015. Men in military service who turned 19 during the first world war were entitled to vote in 1918 irrespective of their age as part

neg: Crash test dummy olds has its implications, and does not provide the same physical outcome a human would encounter with a frontal crash. It was found that when testing the three-year old Hybrid III dummy, it showed that frontal crashes would most likely cause cervical spine injuries. When using data from the real world, the results did not match up to the Hybrid III stimulation injuries. To get around this, THUMS was created which stands for Total Human Model of Safety. The model can be easily relatable to the human body anatomically especially focusing on the human spine upon impact. Clinical testing and

neg: The Target (The Office) and received a 1.9 rating/5% share among adults between the ages of 18 and 49. This means that it was seen by 1.9 percent of all 18- to 49-year-olds, and 5 percent of all 18- to 49-year-olds watching television at the time of the broadcast. This made "The Target" the lowest rated episode of the series, tying with "Here Comes Treble". The episode also ranks as the least-viewed episode of the series and the first one to fall below the 4-million viewer mark. Despite this, "The Office" was the highest-rated NBC television program. When DVR ratings were taken into account,

neg: The Ballad of Kenneth Parcell page. According to the Nielsen Media Research, this episode of "30 Rock" was watched by 3.98 million households in its original American broadcast.<ref name="603/604ratings"></ref> It earned a 1.9 rating/5 share in the 18–49 demographic. This means that it was seen by 1.9 percent of all 18- to 49-year-olds, and 5 percent of all 18- to 49-year-olds watching television at the time of the broadcast. The episode received positive reviews from critics. Emily Cheever of "Ology" praised the episode as a big improvement over the previous celebrity-filled, "gimmicky" episodes of the series, opining that the show was best when it was

neg: Who Made Huckabee? one night, it was special appearances galore. It became a clash of the Titans, a battle of epic proportions, a heaping helping of Monday fanservice." Interestingly, upon returning to air on January 7, 2008, "The Daily Show" and "The Colbert Report" had increased ratings. As of the end of January 2008, "The Daily Show" was up 17 percent for viewers between 18-34 from January 2007 and up nine percent for 18- to 49-year-olds in the same period. "The Colbert Report" was up 21 percent for 18- to 34-year-olds and 15 percent for 18- to 49-year-olds over the same time period.

neg: Association des Scouts du Canada all uniforms consist of a colored shirt (the color depends on the branch (age group) of the ASC), beige-khaki pants, a neckerchief, and a leather belt. The color of the shirt is green for 9- to 11-year-olds, blue for 12- to 14-year-olds, red for 15- to 18-year-olds, and pale gray for 18- to 21-year-olds. Scout leaders wear the same color as the youth that they are in charge of. Since both girls and boys wear the same uniform (whether they are in single sex or mixed gender units), the only way to know which program they belong to is by

neg: Variation (linguistics) name of the letter 'Z' varies. Most of the English-speaking world pronounces it 'zed'; however, in the United States, it is pronounced 'zee'. A linguistic survey found that in 1979 two-thirds of the 12-year-olds in Toronto ended the recitation of the alphabet with the letter 'zee' where only 8% of the adults did so. Then in 1991, (when those 12-year-olds were in their mid-20s) a survey showed only 39% of the 20- to 25-year-olds used 'zee'. In fact, the survey showed that only 12% of those over 30 used the form 'zee'. This is hypothesized to be tied to an

neg: Digital divide in the United States and 95% of 18- to 34-year-olds own a cell phone, such as a Blackberry of iPhone, or other device that serves as a cell phone. Of each individual within the age cohort who owns a cell phone, such as a Blackberry or iPhone, or other device that serves as a cell phone, 2% of adults 75 and older, 17% of adults ages 66–74, 15% of ages 57–65, 25% of 47- to 56-year-olds, 42% of 35- to 46-year-olds, and 63% of 18- to 34-year-olds use their phone to access the Internet. Racial minorities use cell phones more often than any other

neg: The Electoral Atlas of New South Wales to 18-year-olds in 1973. In both World Wars, special provisions were introduced to allow service personal to retain their electoral rights. The vote was also extended to service personal under the legal voting age. The first election was conducted under first past the post voting in districts returning between one and four Members. Voters had as many votes as there were vacancies to be filled. Like minded candidates in multi-Member districts would arrange a “bunch”, advocating a vote for a ticket of candidates. This voting method was retained for both the 1858 and 1880 Electoral Acts. However, the 1880 Act

neg: Flea (musician) need it." Flea and the Chili Peppers appeared in 1990 PSA ads for Rock the Vote, a non-profit organization created to encourage 18- to 24-year-olds in the United States to vote in the upcoming presidential election. The Chili Peppers were invited by the Beastie Boys and the Milarepa Fund to perform at the Tibetan Freedom Concert in June 1996 in San Francisco. They also performed at the June 1998 Washington DC concert as well. The concerts, which were held worldwide, were to support the cause of Tibetan independence. In 2001, he founded the Silverlake Conservatory of Music, a school dedicated

neg: Misogyny in rap music of and attitudes toward the music, and those who listened more frequently were more likely to have positive perceptions and attitudes…That is, the younger group (18- to 20-year-olds) reported significantly greater scores on the violent-misogyny subscale indicating more positive perceptions and attitudes toward rap and hip hop music than the older group (21- to 23-year-olds)" (Gourdine, 2008). This study came to the conclusion that the younger the individuals listening to this rap and hip hop music, the more likely they did not identify the misogyny that came with this type of music. According to Gourdine and Lemmons, the older the

neg: UK Independence Party three main parties were four times more likely to vote for the Green Party than for UKIP. Conversely, a March 2015 Ipsos Mori poll found among 18- to 34-year-olds UKIP was polling nearly as well as the Green Party, somewhat contradicting the idea that Farage lacked appeal for younger voters. On the basis of their fieldwork among supporters of the English Defence League (EDL), an anti-Islam social movement, Winlow, Hall, and Treadwell noted that most EDL supporters whom they encountered intended to vote for UKIP in the build-up to the 2015 general election. UKIP supporters are sometimes nicknamed "kippers". In

neg: Sea Cadets (United Kingdom) Junior Cadets have their own training programme and uniform, based around a more practical version of the Sea Cadets training programme. When Junior Sea Cadets turn 11 years and 10 months, they can move up to being a New Entry to learn the New Entry courses, before moving up to become a Sea Cadet. For 12 to 18 year olds, young people can join as a Sea Cadet and work their way up through the training programme. For 13 to 18 year olds, the Royal Marines Cadets are part of the Sea Cadets family. The Headquarters of Sea Cadets are

neg: Paul T. Conway Review" that ""the number one issue to them was the lack of full-time jobs... [T]hey blamed the President for that, not Congress"", he said. On November 13, 2012, the "Hillsdale Natural Law Review" wrote about the impact Generation Opportunity had on the 2012 election during its first eighteen months. “In 2008, Senator Barack Obama won the youth vote (18-29 year olds) by 34 points – 66%-32%. In 2012, Obama won the same demographic by only 23 points: 60%-37%. The youth vote swung 11 points in favor of the Republican ticket. No other demographic changed half this much between 2008 and

neg: Audience measurement in a given minute. As of 2004, there are an estimated 109.6 million television households in the United States. Thus, a single national ratings point represents 1%, or 1,096,000 television households for the 2004–05 season. When used for the broadcast of a program, the average rating across the duration of the show is typically given. Ratings points are often used for specific demographics rather than just households. For example, a ratings point among the key 18- to 49-year-olds demographic is equivalent to 1% of all 18- to 49-year-olds in the country. A Rtg/TVR is different from a share point in

neg: Roy's Wedding of all 18- to 49-year-olds, and 6 percent of all 18- to 49-year-olds watching television at the time of the broadcast. The episode stayed consistent when compared to the season opener "New Guys". "The Office" finished fourth in its time slot, being beaten by an episode of the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) series "Grey's Anatomy" which received a 4.4/12 percent rating; an entry of the CBS drama "Person of Interest", which received a 2.9/8 percent rating; and an installment Fox series "Glee", which received a 2.4/7 percent rating. "Roy's Wedding", however, finished ahead of repeats of The CW show "The

neg: Epidemiology of binge drinking in 2007 (using a 5-drinks definition per occasion for both genders), 42% of 18- to 25-year-olds "binged" at least once a month, while 20% of 16–17-year-olds and 19% of those over age 35 did so. The peak age is 21. Prevalence varies widely by region, with the highest rates being in the North Central states. The annual Monitoring the Future survey found that, in 2007, 10% of 8th graders, 22% of 10th graders, and 26% of 12th graders report having had five or more drinks at least once in the past two weeks. The same survey also found that alcohol

neg: Chrissie Watts legally became Sharon's. Problems with the script did not escape Oberman, who criticised her character's storylines after she left the show, saying the writers "must have been on crack", adding how "plots didn't make logical or emotional sense – but they said, 'That's the soap convention, dear, get used to it'". She also considered some scenes to be irresponsible, saying "I was worried when four-year-olds said to me, 'I saw you kill Den.' I don't agree with censorship but there has to be a level of responsibility." One of the consequences of all the uncertainty behind the scenes was Chrissie's

neg: Amina al-Tuhaif punishment (meaning only 18 year olds can get the death sentence). al Tuhaif was raped by a prison guard while at al-Mahaweet prison and subsequently became pregnant. The pregnancy resulted in Yemen being unable to carry out the death sentence because Yemeni law states a mother cannot be executed until the child is two (when they are no longer breastfeeding). A stay of execution was granted until 2005, due to the pregnancy. Various celebrities, non-profits and international organizations demanded a new trial for Amina. From Lilli Gruber, Emma Bonino, to Amnesty international. After the controversy, Yemen officials used the Sharia

neg: Mandela Barnes creating an Office of Civil Service, allowing 16- and 17-year-olds to preregister to vote, decriminalization of marijuana, and comprehensive gun control legislation. In 2015, protester and videographer Miles Kristan recorded video of himself asking Assemblyman Barnes in public "if Wisconsin taxpayers should pay for a Bucks arena," regarding Barnes' vote to fund a Bucks arena. After the encounter, Barnes confronted Kristan and seemingly pushed him. Barnes said he pushed Krisitan's camera away, but did not assault Kristian. In 2017, Wisconsin Republican Party spokesperson Alec Zimmerman resurfaced the allegations, criticizing Barnes for "attacking a man." Barnes accused Zimmerman of libeling him

neg: Jon A. Husted this ranking in a press release following the biannual release of the national rankings. On March 7, 2016, the ACLU of Ohio sent a letter to Husted's office indicating their opinion that 17-year-olds should be allowed to vote in the 2016 primary March 15. "The Secretary of State's Official Election Manual makes a distinction between the ability of 17 year olds in "electing" and "nominating" candidates," an Ohio ACLU press release indicates. "The Secretary of State interprets this to block 17 year olds from voting for presidential candidates, since they will actually be electing delegates, who go on to nominate

neg: Hannah-Beth Jackson the California Teachers Association, SEIU State Council, the California League of Conservation Voters, and the California Democratic Council, along with over 90 additional endorsements. Jackson won the general election on November 6, 2012, and took the oath of office on December 3. In 2013, Jackson introduced a bill allow 16-year-olds to pre-register to vote. Senate Bill 113 was passed and signed into law in 2014, and took effect in 2017. Now 16- and 17-year-olds in California can pre-register to vote online. In 2015 the California Fair Pay Act, her equal pay bill, was signed into law. It is one of

neg: Columbine High School massacre shotgun blast. Klebold then moved toward the same table and fired several shots with the TEC-9, killing 18-year-old Lauren Townsend. At this point, the seriously injured Valeen Schnurr began screaming, "Oh my God, oh my God!" In response, Klebold asked Schnurr if she believed in the existence of God; when Schnurr replied she did, Klebold asked "Why?" and commented "God is gay" before walking from the table. Harris approached another table where two girls were hiding. He bent down to look at them and dismissed them as "pathetic". Harris then moved to another table where he fired twice, injuring 16-year-olds

neg: Church College of New Zealand way the LDS Church did things in the U.S., and this helped facilitate the transition of the LDS Church in New Zealand from its mission status to the stake and ward system. The school taught students in New Zealand's educational years nine through thirteen (13- to 18-year-olds). While in operation there were approximately 700 students and 100 faculty/staff members, until its last year, when the student body was 120 students and 50 staff members. A modest tuition was charged but the school is heavily subsidized by the LDS Church. In 2009, approximately 10% of Latter Day Saint high school students

neg: Arthur Bremer to begin and wanted to get a good seat. Bremer was photographed at the rally that evening, where he had a clear opportunity to shoot his target, but, according to his diary, he did not do so because he might have shattered some glass and blinded some "stupid 15-year-olds" who stood nearby. Short of money and unable to afford a hotel room, Bremer slept in his car for the following two nights, as he had done on some nights the previous week. He made his final diary entry on May 14, 1972, when he drove to Maryland. Bremer turned up

neg: Representation of the People Act 1969 the Sixth Reform Act. The United Kingdom general election, 1970 (18 June) is the first in which this Act had effect. Representation of the People Act Representation of the People Act 1969 The Representation of the People Act 1969 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It extended suffrage to 18- to 20-year-olds. Previously, only those 21 or over were permitted to vote. Votes were extended to undergraduate students in their university town following an appeal to the High Court led for the National Union of Students by the Junior Common Room (JCR - official undergraduate student

neg: Darryl Buchanan in his bid to be oust current mayor Dayne Walling, Buchanan took second (2,668 votes 24% to 2,434 votes or 22% for Scott Smith) to face off with him in the general election in November. On November 8, 2011, Mayor Dayne Walling defeated Buchanan 8,819 votes (56%) to 6,868 votes (44%). Darryl Buchanan Darryl E. Buchanan is a politician, former City Administrator and City Ombudsman of the City of Flint, Michigan. He was age 18 in 1972 becoming a part of the first generation of 18-year-olds to vote in a presidential election. He worked in the Flint City Ombudsman's office

neg: Invader Zim did not think the show was doing well because they were only focused on a certain age group of viewers: 2-11 year olds. Even though "Invader Zim" was praised by critics and popular with viewers ages 14–18, the ratings amongst Nickelodeon's core demographic were just not high enough for the network to justify the expenses being put into the show, as Invader Zim was the most expensive show they were producing at the time. When Nickelodeon saw that some of their other shows with half the budget of Invader Zim were getting double the desired ratings amongst the 2-11 year

neg: Electoral system of Australia been compulsory since 1911. Today, eligible voters are Australian citizens over 18 years of age who have lived at their current address for at least one month. Special rules apply to citizens going or living outside the country, to military personnel and to prisoners, all of which do not reside at their normal residential address for electoral purposes. Homeless people or those otherwise with no fixed address have a particular problem with registration, not having a current address to give. Enrolment is optional for 16 or 17 year olds but they cannot vote until they turn 18. Enrolment is voluntary

neg: Time-based prospective memory the results of the prior study, Ceci and Bronfenbrenner (1985) found that in a time-based task with 10-year-olds and 14-year-olds, time monitoring was greater among older children. Another study by Kvavilashvili et al. (2009) comparing time-based prospective memory among young adults (18- to 30-year-olds), young-old adults (60- to 75-year-olds) and old-old adults (79- to 90-year-olds), found that young adults performed the best on time-based tasks. A study further compared the difference between young-old adults and old-old adults in time-based prospective memory, finding that young-old adults outperformed old-old adults. The findings of the above studies suggest that there is ongoing improvement

neg: Voter apathy the highest rate of voter turnout. In the time span from 1964-2004, 18-24 year olds usually had a voter turnout of 41.8%, compared to 25-44 year olds who had a turnout of 57.9%. The older age groups, 45-65 year olds and the 65 and older group has turnout rates of 69.3% and 66.6%, respectively. Older Americans are overrepresented during elections. The greatest percentage of unregistered voters is in the 18-30 year old age group. These people are more focused on other aspects in their life, such as college, marriage, careers, etc. that they in turn do not pay attention to

neg: Mutual exclusivity (psychology) tested 24- and 30-month-olds’ retention of the novel labels. They found that 24-month-olds failed to remember the novel labels after a 5-minute waiting period. The 30-month-olds, however, did remember the label. One study examined 3-year-olds, 4-year-olds, and adults who were given a novel label to a novel object. They were tested three times on whether they successfully mapped the label to the object, once immediately after being presented with the word-object relation, once a week later, and once a month later. They found that the adults were more successful than the 3- and 4-year-olds during the immediate assessment, but all

neg: Appropriate adult child as under the age of 18, however 17 year olds in police custody in England and Wales fell into a grey area prior to the changes in Section 42. The British government is on a trajectory towards correcting this misalignment – largely due to the tragic suicides of Eddie Thornber, Joe Lawton and Kesia Leatherbarrow and the campaign that followed them. In 2013, the Home Secretary ordered the amendment of PACE Code C to extend the requirement for an AA to 17 year olds when detained or questioned by police. Earlier in the year s.41 of the Criminal Justice

neg: Explorer Scouts (The Scout Association) Explorer Scouts (The Scout Association) Explorer Scouts (shortened to Explorers), a section of the Scout Association in the United Kingdom for 14- to 18-year-olds, was introduced in 2001 replacing Venture Scouts (which was for 15.5- to 20-year-olds). This was part of a greater change in programme, including the introduction of Scout Network for 18- to 25-year-olds. The aim of the section is to provide a flexible and active Scouting programme for adolescents and young adults, with an emphasis on personal challenge and adventure. The Explorer Scout section follows on from the Scout section, and is in turn followed by Scout

neg: Pembina County, North Dakota and 33.1% were non-families. 30.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 2.98. Nearly 80% of the county was under the age of 65 at the 2000 census, with children under the age of 18 taking up nearly a quarter (24.9%) of the population followed by 45- to 64-year-olds (24.8%) and 25- to 44-year-olds (24.6%). Those over the age of 65 were 19.5% the population, with 18- to 24-year-olds at 6.2%. The median

neg: Holywell High School Holywell High School Ysgol Treffynnon (formerly Holywell High School) is an English-medium comprehensive school for 11- to 18-year-olds in Flintshire, Wales. It serves the town of Holywell and neighbouring villages and rural communities in the northern part of the county. The roll is currently 840 pupils. There were 2 buildings which made up the school, Lower and Upper buildings. The Lower building catered for 11-13 year olds and the Upper building for 14-18 year olds and included the Sixth Form. The upper building was demolished in the mid 1990s to make way for a new housing development and the Lower