query: when does the two water agreements with malaysia end

pos: Water conflicts between Malaysia and Singapore On 29 September 1962, a further agreement was signed providing Singapore the right to draw up to per day from the Johor River, with effect until 2061. Both agreements stipulated the price of 3 Malaysian cents per . In 1994, Linggiu Reservoir was built upstream of the Johor River and collects and releases rainwater. This pushes seawater back into the sea, ensuring that the river water is not too salty to be treated. It is operated by the Public Utilities Board (PUB) of Singapore. The Malaysian government has stated that the agreements were signed in a different time and that

pos: Malaysia–Singapore relations several other differences developed between Singapore and Malaysia, including a dispute over water prices (under the 1961 and 1962 water agreements) and ownership of Pedra Branca, an island off the coast of Johor. Under the 1962 Water Agreement, Singapore can draw up to 250 million gallons of water per day from the Johor River. This right expires in 2061. There has been numerous disputes between the two nations over the fairness of the deal, with Malaysia arguing Singapore is an affluent nation profiting from Malaysia's water resources due to the deal, and Singapore arguing that its treatment of water and

pos: Water supply and sanitation in Singapore thus interested in building a dam on the Johor River in Malaysia and an associated new water treatment plant. After six years of difficult negotiations, the Prime Ministers of Singapore and Malaysia signed a Memorandum of Understanding in 1988 paving the way for an agreement in 1990 with Johor that allowed the construction of the dam. In 1998 Singapore began new negotiations with Malaysia to extend its water agreements beyond 2011 and 2061 respectively. In return, Malaysia initially asked to increase the raw water price to 60 sen per , corresponding to 4 US cents per cubic meter. This price

pos: Water supply and sanitation in Singapore that runs along a 1 km bridge, the Johor–Singapore Causeway, that also carries a road and a railway. As of 2009, imported water had been reduced from 50% previously to 40% of total consumption. After the expiry of a 1961 water agreement between Malaysia and Singapore in 2011, two agreements are in force now. One was signed in 1962 and another one in 2000. Both will expire in 2061. Under the first agreement the price of raw water is set at a very low level of 3 Malaysian sen per , corresponding to about 0,2 US cents per cubic meter.

pos: Water conflicts between Malaysia and Singapore On 29 September 1962, a further agreement was signed providing Singapore the right to draw up to per day from the Johor River, with effect until 2061. Both agreements stipulated the price of 3 Malaysian cents per . In 1994, Linggiu Reservoir was built upstream of the Johor River and collects and releases rainwater. This pushes seawater back into the sea, ensuring that the river water is not too salty to be treated. It is operated by the Public Utilities Board (PUB) of Singapore. The Malaysian government has stated that the agreements were signed in a different time and that

pos: Water supply and sanitation in Singapore access to raw water and the infrastructure necessary to convey the water inside Malaysia was entirely paid for by Singapore. Singapore finally refused to accept a higher price and decided to give up on its goal to extend the agreements beyond 2061. Instead, the country decided to achieve self-sufficiency in its water supply before 2061 and the negotiations ended in 2003 without result. While the negotiations were ongoing Singapore already prepared for greater water self-sufficiency through an integrated water management approach including water reuse and desalination of seawater. In 1998, the government initiated a study, the Singapore Water Reclamation Study

pos: Foreign territories of Singapore at 2061. This arrangement wasn't without problems or controversy. There were several times before the turn of the 21st century that Malaysia had threatened to cut water supply to Singapore from the river. In the early 2000s, the problem exacerbated with Malaysia frequently requesting to raise water prices and it was finally decided in 2011 to not renew the existing water agreement with Malaysia when the contract expired. Singapore had also by then been able to raise its own supply water to an adequate amount via other sources and thus there was no pressing need to renew that contract. In

neg: Water supply and sanitation in Malaysia when the new laws became effective. The reform only applies to peninsular Malaysia. The government has also declared that no more water services concessions will be awarded. Existing concessionaires that choose to remain with their concession agreements are allowed to operate until the end of their concessions. State water companies now require an operating license and are gradually being corporatised. The legal framework for the water and sanitation sector differs between peninsular Malaysia (with its 11 federal states and two federal territories) on the one hand and Eastern Malaysia (with the federal states Sabah and Sarawak and one federal territory)

neg: Water supply and sanitation in Singapore a water rate in addition to the rent for the land. Under these agreements Singapore built two water treatment plants in Singapore and a new, expanded pipeline from Johor. Singapore also supplied treated water to Johor far below the cost of treating the water. At the time of the agreements it was expected that Singapore would become part of Malaysia, as it did for a brief period beginning in 1963. When Singapore separated from Malaysia in 1965, then Malaysian Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman said that "If Singapore’s foreign policy is prejudicial to Malaysia’s interests, we could always bring pressure

neg: Foreign territories of Singapore prime land in Singapore were eventually given to Malaysia for joint operation venture in exchange for the land in which the railway sits on. Several land plots adjacent to the Johor River and Linggiu Reservoir are under joint operation control between Singapore and Malaysia. This arrangement first existed because of agreements made in 1927 for the provision of free water to Singapore to meet the needs of water shortage in the then Straits Settlement. Then in 1961 and 1962 two agreements on the supply of water to Singapore which was still under British control where made to ensure water security,

neg: Geography of Malaysia districts. There are separate subdivisions for electoral districts for polling purposes. International borders between Malaysia and Indonesia, Thailand, Singapore and Brunei are defined mostly by geological features such as the Perlis River and Golok River between Malaysia and Thailand; Straits of Johor between Malaysia and Singapore; and Pagalayan Canal between Malaysia and Brunei. However, borders that extends to the seas are defined by agreements such as Straits Settlement and Johore Territorial Waters Agreement of 1927 which defines Malaysia and Singapore water borders. Malaysia's land borders are well established. The border with Thailand was established in 1909 when Siam ceded Kedah,

neg: Malaysia–Thailand border on the principle of joint development for the area where the three countries have overlapping claims. All the agreements specifically state that they do not compromise each country's sovereignty claim over the disputed area. The Malaysia-Thailand Joint Development Area is a 7,250 km square area in the Gulf of Thailand which was created as an interim measure to deal with the overlapping claims of the continental shelf between the two countries. The formula allows for both countries to share the non-living natural resources from the area on a 50:50 basis. It however does not extinguish the sovereignty claims by both

neg: Kelantan they do not own. In the case of Kelantan and any other Peninsular Malaysian state, the Deed should have been worded to refer only to onshore petroleum. Unfortunately for Kelantan, the matter cannot end with the two agreements. There is a supreme Constitution in Malaysia with a federal-state division of legislative and financial powers. The constitutional allocation cannot be altered except by constitutionally permitted procedures and amendments. Even mutual agreements cannot override the constitutional scheme of things because jurisdiction is a matter of law and not of consent or acquiescence. The Kelantan state government is owed between RM850 million and

neg: Advertisements (Hire-Purchase) Act 1957 £50 for a first offence and £100 for subsequent offences; this was criticized as an "obvious weakness of the Act", since such a sum is unlikely to deter large companies. The Act does not invalidate agreements made with false advertising, so even if a company does violate the Act, any contracts would still be valid. It was repealed by the Advertisements (Hire-Purchase) Act 1967 of Malaysia Advertisements (Hire-Purchase) Act 1957 The Advertisements (Hire-Purchase) Act 1957 (1957 c.41) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that regulated the way in which hire-purchase agreements could be advertised. One of

neg: Brunei–Malaysia border Malaysian press reports, saying the Limbang Question was never discussed during negotiations for the Exchange of Letters. Malaysia subsequently said the Limbang Question will be settled once the survey and demarcation of the boundary between the two countries is completed. Finally on 2009, with the report from Brunei media, they announced an end to claim over each other's land, and said to resolve issues related to their maritime borders. In terms of boundary delimitation in general, the Letters of Exchange provided for the ending of the dispute by virtue of Brunei agreeing to affirm the five historical border agreements. For

neg: Borders of Malaysia countries. Malaysia has agreements to delimit the continental shelf, territorial sea and other border delimitation agreements or treaties with Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand and Singapore. Malaysia has also unilaterally declared its maritime boundaries through a 1979 map published by its Department of Mapping and Survey. The continental shelf and territorial sea limits depicted on the 1979 map have not been recognised by Malaysia's neighbouring states and have been the subject of maritime boundary and territorial disputes. Malaysia has signed joint development agreements for areas which are subject to overlapping claims with Thailand and Vietnam. Malaysia has signed a Letters of

neg: Brunei–Malaysia border which are defined by agreements, from west to east, are as follows: Brunei and Malaysia in an Exchange of Letters on 16 March 2009, agreed to affirm the five agreements. The two countries also agreed to use the watershed principle to determine the remaining undelimited portions of the border. Brunei's maritime boundary with Malaysia until the 100 fathom isobath was inherited from the Sarawak (Definition of Boundaries) Order in Council 1958 No 1518 and the North Borneo (Definition of Boundaries) Order in Council 1958 No 1517, both of which defined the boundary between Brunei on the one hand, and Sarawak

neg: Indonesia–Thailand border Indonesia–Thailand border Indonesia and Thailand share a common maritime border in the northern part of the Straits of Malacca and the Andaman Sea to the north-east of Indonesia's Sumatra Island and to the west of the western coastline of southern Thailand. The maritime boundary runs between the India-Indonesia-Thailand tripoint in the north, and the Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand tripoint in the south. The border was delimited through four agreements, with two involving third parties India and Malaysia as they determined trijunction points with those countries. Four boundary delimitation agreements are the Indonesia-Thailand continental shelf boundary delimitation agreement of 17 December 1971; the Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand

neg: Japan–Malaysia relations Cooperation, ASEAN+3 and World Trade Organization. In September 2016, the Japanese government through its Prime Minister Shinzō Abe have give Malaysia free patrol boats following a similar agreements with Philippines and Vietnam. The military vessels, which previously used by the Japan Coast Guard handed to Malaysia to counter Chinese military activities in the waters of Malaysia. On May 2017, Japan seek to give their P-3C patrol planes to Malaysia. Japan–Malaysia relations Japan–Malaysia relations ( ; ; Jawi: هوبوڠن جيڤون–مليسيا) refers to bilateral foreign relations between the two countries, Japan and Malaysia. The earliest recorded historical relation between the two nations

neg: Foreign territories of Singapore land (RM 320 million) to build the dam. Currently Singapore still has two agreements left standing and is able to draw up to 250 million gallon of water from the river daily which amounts to 40 percent of its total national water consumption needs. The water is drawn at RM 0.03 per thousand gallon and some of the water which is treated in Singapore is channelled back to Johor at a price of RM 0.50 per thousand gallon, which is actually below the cost price of RM 2.40 per thousand gallon to treat water. Both agreements are expected to end

neg: Austria–Malaysia relations in Southeast Asia. Austria's main investment in Malaysia lies mostly in the energy and natural resources sectors. In 2009, the financial crisis had an impact to the trade relations with a decrease by 30% but later improved after the visit of the Austrian President Heinz Fischer in 2011. Since 1976, several agreements have been signed between the two countries. Austria–Malaysia relations Austria–Malaysia relations (; ; Jawi: هوبوڠن اوستريا–مليسيا) refers to bilateral foreign relations between Austria and Malaysia. Austria has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur, and Malaysia has an embassy in Vienna. History of relations between the two countries can be

neg: Malaysia–South Africa relations visit to Malaysia to strengthen economic ties between the two with the signing of several economic agreements. In 2003, South Africa request for more investments and assistance to build their economy and human resources. By the time, Malaysia is already the third largest investor in the country with its investments mainly in the telecommunications, oil and gas and hospitality sectors. By 2010, Malaysia was the fourth largest new investor in South Africa. Along the same year, Malaysia was South Africa's 20th largest total trade partner with roughly 4.8 million Rand in volume. Malaysia–South Africa relations Malaysia–South Africa relations (; Jawi:

neg: Association of Southeast Asian Nations–European Union relations However, trade talks were moving relatively slowly and eventually ground to a halt in 2009. The failed ASEAN-EU FTA paved the way for bilateral FTAs and negotiating Partnership and Cooperation Agreements (PCA) with individual ASEAN member states. The EU has concluded a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with Singapore in 2012 and is negotiating FTAs with several other ASEAN countries (Vietnam, Thailand, and Malaysia). With Malaysia negotiations are well advanced. These agreements are stepping stones to an overarching region-to-region agreement between the EU and ASEAN. Informal relations between the two regions were established in 1972 through the Special Coordinating Committee of

neg: Malaysia–Tunisia relations also keen to invest in Malaysia especially in Islamic banking and halal products. In education, Tunisia has offered places for Malaysian students in Ez-Zitouna University while Malaysia provided places for Tunisian students in the International Islamic University Malaysia. Malaysia–Tunisia relations Malaysia–Tunisia relations (; Jawi: هوبوڠن مليسيا–تونس; ; ) refers to bilateral foreign relations between Malaysia and Tunisia. Diplomatic relations established on 1957. The Malaysian Embassy in Rabat covers Tunisia while the Tunisian Embassy in Jakarta covers Malaysia. The relations are mainly in economic relations with several agreements has been signed. In 1993, trade relations between the two countries stood at

neg: Malaysia–Morocco relations Malaysia–Morocco relations Malaysia–Morocco relations (; Jawi: هوبوڠن مغربي–مليسيا; ) refers to bilateral foreign relations between Malaysia and Morocco. Malaysia has an embassy in Rabat, and Morocco has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur. Morocco established relations with Malaysia right after Malaysia's been formed in 1963. In 2010, Abdul Khalid Ibrahim who is the Menteri Besar of Selangor made a working visit to Morocco. While Moroccan former Minister of Tourism also made a visit to Malaysia on the same year. Several agreements and memorandum of understanding has been signed between the two countries. In 2008, the total trade between Malaysia and Morocco

neg: Water Resources Development Act of 1986 and wildlife production and habitat. Amends the Flood Control Act of 1970 to allow an agreement with States for water resources projects to reflect that it does not obligate future State appropriations for performance when such obligation would be inconsistent with State constitutional or statutory limitations. Establishes penalties for non-Federal interest noncompliance with such agreements and interest rates for delinquent payments. Amends the Flood Control Act of 1968 to increase the per-project Federal reimbursement to States or political subdivisions for water resources development projects. Authorizes the Secretary, for projects for which the Federal cost is less than $3,000,000, to disregard

neg: Trade unions in Malaysia for duration of collective agreements to be at least three years The IRA defines a "strike" in a sufficiently broad manner to include Work-to-Rule, and Go-Slow actions. ""Any act or omission by a body of workers, which is intended or which does result in any limitation, restriction, reduction, delatoriness in the performance of their duties connected to their employment" " Illegal strikes have consequences such as fines or imprisonment. A legal strike requires that the union have a trade dispute. A secret ballot with not less than two thirds of the workers involved is required. The Director General has to

neg: Malaysia–Tunisia relations Malaysia–Tunisia relations Malaysia–Tunisia relations (; Jawi: هوبوڠن مليسيا–تونس; ; ) refers to bilateral foreign relations between Malaysia and Tunisia. Diplomatic relations established on 1957. The Malaysian Embassy in Rabat covers Tunisia while the Tunisian Embassy in Jakarta covers Malaysia. The relations are mainly in economic relations with several agreements has been signed. In 1993, trade relations between the two countries stood at MYR16.47 million with Malaysian export reach MYR12.49 million while Tunisian export reach around MYR3.98 million. In 2013, Tunisia has invite any investments from the Malaysian companies especially in the development of their city in Sfax. Beside that, Tunisia

neg: Kuwait–Malaysia relations Kuwait–Malaysia relations Kuwait–Malaysia relations ( ; ; Jawi: هوبوڠن الكويت–مليسيا) refers to bilateral foreign relations between the two countries, Kuwait and Malaysia. Kuwait has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur, and Malaysia has an embassy in Kuwait City. Relations between the two countries are mainly in economic co-operation. Malaysia is one of the major trade partners for Kuwait; bilateral trade had jumped from U$79.3 in 1996 to U$507 million in 2006. Currently, Kuwait Finance House which is considered as the largest Islamic bank on the Persian Gulf also has started operating in Malaysia since 2008. Several agreements such as avoidance of

neg: Malaysia–Qatar relations Malaysia–Qatar relations Malaysia–Qatar relations (; Jawi: هوبوڠن مليسيا–قطر; ) are foreign relations between Malaysia and Qatar. Malaysia has an embassy in Doha, and Qatar has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur since 2004. The relations between the two countries are mainly in the economic relations. In 2011, both countries has announced a US$2 billion joint investment fund and the signing of co-operation agreements in the fields of tourism and higher education. Many Malaysians companies also had secured a total of 25 projects in Qatar. While in 2013, the Qatar Airways plans to expand its services into Malaysia by working with the

neg: Fairfax County Water Authority Fairfax County Water Authority Fairfax County Water Authority (FCWA or more recently Fairfax Water for short) is the main water company in the Northern Virginia region of the United States, and one of the three major water providers in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area (the other two being the Washington Aqueduct and the Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission). Fairfax Water serves most of the populated areas of Fairfax County, and also serves neighboring communities of Alexandria, Prince William County, Virginia and Loudoun County, Virginia through wholesale agreements. It serves drinking water to 1.5 million people. FCWA does not provide sanitary sewer

neg: Medini Iskandar Malaysia partnerships between MIM and specialized service providers. In 2015, MIM signed two joint venture agreements: with a subsidiary company of Telekom Malaysia, to provide ICT services, and with UEM Sunrise Edgenta to provide estate and building management services. Medini Iskandar Malaysia Medini Iskandar Malaysia is a suburb in Iskandar Puteri, Johor Bahru District, Johor, Malaysia. Medini is a urban township development planned for a population of 450,000 by 2030. Medini is Malaysia’s largest single urban development to date and will become the smart and connected Central Business District of Iskandar Puteri. The gross development value of Medini stands at US$20

neg: Malaysia–Senegal relations Malaysia–Senegal relations Malaysia–Senegal relations (; Jawi: هوبوڠن مليسيا–السنغال; ) refers to bilateral foreign relations between Malaysia and Senegal. Malaysia has an embassy in Dakar, and Senegal has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur. The embassy of Malaysia in Dakar was opened in 1992 to enhance the political, economic and social-cultural links between the two countries. In 2011, the Senegal government purchased land in Putrajaya to build their embassy. In 2008, the total trade between the two countries was just $15 million but both countries are now in the process to boost their economic co-operation. Several agreements such as promotion and protection

neg: Water supply and sanitation in Malaysia operators. All operators have to be licensed by the regulatory agency SPAN and have to achieve certain performance indicators specified in the licenses. Sanitation (sewerage and wastewater treatment) is organised differently. The largest wastewater operator is Indah Water Konsortium Malaysia (IWK) that handles sewerage and wastewater treatment all over peninsular Malaysia, except for the State of Kelantan and the capital of Johor state. Assets, however, are owned by the 151 local authorities of Malaysia. Where IWK does not operate the sanitation infrastructure, local authorities provide this service directly. Private operators. Some private operators hold concessions for water treatment plants. They

neg: Miracle of Chile Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay—went into effect in October 1996. Continuing its export-oriented development strategy, Chile completed landmark free trade agreements in 2002 with the European Union and South Korea. Chile, as a member of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) organization, is seeking to boost commercial ties to Asian markets. To that end, it has signed trade agreements in recent years with New Zealand, Singapore, Brunei, India, China, and most recently Japan. In 2007, Chile held trade negotiations with Australia, Thailand, Malaysia, and China. In 2008, Chile hopes to conclude an FTA with Australia, and finalize an expanded agreement (covering trade

neg: Water testing The water test market is approximately two-thirds equipment and one-third consumables. Reagents are used with each test and generate recurring revenue for companies. Aftermarket maintenance agreements, operator training and parts replacement help to ensure resources are maximized. The market leader with an estimated 21% market share, Danaher, is able to reap EBIT margins in the high-teens-to-low-20% on test equipment, but can command 40%+ margins on the water test reagents. "See" Freebie marketing. Companies tend to employ the "direct-to-end-user" model for most products, but may also try to sell low-end equipment via the Internet to reduce distribution costs. Pricing depends on

neg: Ranhill Holdings Berhad Technology and Water, Malaysia to provide source-to-tap water supply services to end-customers in the entire State of Johor, the second most populous state in Malaysia, with a population of approximately 3.5 million people. Outside Malaysia, it operates water concession assets on a BOT, BTO and TOT basis in China which consist of 8 wastewater treatment plants with capacities ranging from 5.0 MLD to 80.0 MLD and a 30.0 MLD reclamation plant. In Thailand, Ranhill has 4 potable water treatment plants with capacities ranging from 10.5 MLD to 15.0 MLD, 4 wastewater treatment plants with capacities ranging from 1.5 MLD to

neg: Malaysia–Switzerland relations in Malaysia. Several agreements, such as avoidance on tax were also been signed. Many Swiss foods brand such as chocolates and yogurts has reach Malaysian markets and popular in the country. Malaysia–Switzerland relations Malaysia–Switzerland relations (; Jawi: هوبوڠن مليسيا–سويتزيرلند; ; ) refers to bilateral foreign relations between the two countries, Malaysia and Switzerland. Malaysia has an embassy in Bern, and Switzerland has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur. In the 19th century, Swiss trading companies has set up operations in Malaysia. While the diplomatic relations has been established since 1963. Switzerland maintains good contacts in the educational field and supports projects

neg:
Geography of Brunei severe flooding are quite rare, but Brunei is located along the Pacific Ring of Fire. Environment – current issues: seasonal smoke/haze resulting from forest fires in Indonesia Environment – international agreements:
"party to:" Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
"signed, but not ratified:" none of the selected agreements Geography – note: close to vital sea lanes through South China Sea linking Indian and Pacific Oceans; two parts physically separated by Malaysia; almost an enclave within Malaysia Geography of Brunei Brunei is a country in Southeastern Asia, bordering the South China

neg: Brunei–Malaysia border their boundary issues and demarcate their common border according to the five historical agreements, of which the two directly concern Limbang, namely the 1920 agreement establishing the Pandaruan River as the Brunei-Sarawak border to the east of Limbang, and the 1933 agreement establishing the Brunei-Sarawak border to the west of Limbang. The two countries also agreed to use the watershed principle to fill in the gaps. This essentially reaffirms the current de facto boundary without major deviation. This led Malaysia to declare that the Limbang Question has been settled with Malaysia having unequivocal ownership over Limbang. Brunei however immediately denied

neg: Malaysia–Namibia relations Malaysia–Namibia relations Malaysia–Namibia relations (; Jawi: هوبوڠن مليسيا–ناميبيا; ; ) refers to bilateral foreign relations between the two countries, Malaysia and Namibia. Malaysia has a high commission in Windhoek, and Namibia has a high commission in Kuala Lumpur. Both countries were once part of the British Empire and before Namibia achieved its independence, Malaysia has contributed to some operations in Namibia by sending a group of soldiers to help monitor the Namibia elections and peace process. Today, the relations are much more focused in economic co-operation. During the Mahathir era, several agreements have been signed by both countries such as

neg: Chin Peng Rashid Maidin and Abdullah CD met with representatives of the Malaysian and Thai governments. Separate peace agreements were signed between the MCP and both governments. One of the terms of the agreement was that MCP members of Malayan origin be allowed to return to live in Malaysia. When all hostilities ceased, the total number of CPM members was 1,188; 694 were Thai-born and 494 claimed origins in Peninsular Malaysia. They were given a temporary grant and promised integration into Malaysia. In Chin's opinion, a peace could have been achieved as early as 1955 during the Baling Talks, if the British,

neg: Ambalat to over-rule the established agreements and the two islands were awarded to Malaysia. Indonesia argues Malaysian oceanic territory extends only from Ligitan and Sipadan in accordance with UNCLOS, and that not only the 1979 Malaysian map is not only outdated and self-published, ASEAN rejects it and it severely impinges the oceanic rights of Thailand, Vietnam, China and the Philippines. Indonesia claims the Ambalat region pursuant to the 1982 UN Common Law of the Sea, under Articles 76 and 77. "Takat Unarang" ("Unarang End Point/Outcrop") is the nearest to land territory at stake in the dispute, but at best, at low-tide

neg: Geography of Malaysia Kelantan, Perlis and Terengganu to the British. Maritime border disputes between Brunei and Malaysia and a Bruneian claim on Limbang, Sarawak were resolved in an exchange of letters between the two countries on 16 March 2009 after 20 years of negotiations. Malaysia and Indonesia have some overlapping maritime claims, notably in the area around Sabah. An ongoing series of meetings to resolve these claims has produced 16 border agreements (to September 2010). Malaysia and Singapore also have disputes concerning some maritime borders. The Philippines has a dormant claim to the eastern part of the Malaysian state of Sabah. Malaysia is

neg: 2018 Tamil Nadu protests for Kaveri water sharing the breakout of major Kaveri river water scandal has heaped in among several political dramatic turnarounds in the state with both main politicians B. S. Yeddyurappa and Siddaramaiah being historically defeated at the assembly elections. The genesis of this conflict rests in two agreements in 1892 and 1924 between the Madras Presidency and Kingdom of Mysore. The 802 kilometres (498 mi) Cauvery river has 44,000 km² basin area in Tamil Nadu and 32,000 km² basin area in Karnataka. The inflow from Karnataka is 425 TMC ft whereas that from Tamil Nadu is 252 TMCft. However the Karnataka state does not

neg: Azrul Amri Burhan injury when he was tackled by a young David Beckham while playing against England. The injury, along with his discipline problems, curtailed a promising international future for Azrul who was tipped to be a star midfielder for Malaysia. Azrul Amri Burhan He played with Kuala Lumpur FA and Perak FA during his heyday, where he won two Malaysia Cup with Perak and two Malaysia FA Cup with Kuala Lumpur. He also played with Negeri Sembilan FA and club side TNB Kelantan towards the end of his career. Azrul has represented the Olympic team. He also played for Malaysia national futsal

neg: Water miscible oil paint of an oil medium in which one end of the molecule has been altered to bind loosely to water molecules, as in a solution. The traditional rule of gradation of layers — "fat over lean," or flexible over less flexible — applies to water miscible oil paint as it does to traditional oil, and in this respect the two kinds of paint behave in the same way. However, their handling is slightly different: when thinned with water to a considerably liquid phase, water miscible oil paint tends to feel and behave like watercolor (although, unlike watercolor, and to a greater

neg: Water politics the water delivery system. There have been many agreements set in place to try and avoid inequality and conflict with the use of water. Still, international leaders are struggling with incorporating bilateral and multilateral agreements to ensure efficient and fair water allocation. For instance, there are approximately 275 river basins and 270 ground water aquifers with policies that manage the sharing of the resource by two or more nations. Despite the use of policies in the shared management of water, there have been multiple conflicts between nations because of poor water allocation. Likewise, there has been over 300 water treaties

neg: UMW Toyota Motor (Malaysia) Malaysia since 2006. Toyota vehicles were first imported into Malaysia in August 1956, with the first unit being a Land Cruiser. Toyota signed distributor agreements with various Malaysian partners prior to UMW Toyota Motor, namely Asia Motor (1956–1960), Kah Motor (September 1960–February 1974), Borneo Motors (September 1967–September 1982), Sarin Motor (January 1979–February 1983) and Emastorin Motor (September 1979–April 1984). Additionally, two Malaysian plants were appointed as assemblers of Toyota's complete knock down (CKD) kits, namely Champion Motor / Assembly Services and Sarawak Motor Industries. Prior to 1968, Malaysian market Toyota models were only imported as complete built up (CBU) units.

neg: Brunei–Malaysia relations In 2011, around 61,470 Malaysian has visited Brunei while Malaysia received 1,238,871 Bruneian tourist in 2013. The states of Sarawak and Sabah in East Malaysia are connected to Brunei via the Pan Borneo Highway through the Brunei–Malaysia Friendship Bridge. Before 2009, Malaysia's land boundary with Brunei around Limbang was in dispute. Brunei and Malaysia agreed to cease gas and oil exploration in their disputed offshore and deep water seabeds until negotiations progressed into an agreement over allocation of disputed areas in 2003. In March 2009, it seemed a solution was achieved between the two governments when the Malaysian press reported

neg: Laos–Malaysia relations the two countries were very small with the valued at only US$2.4 million but increase to US$2.7 million in 2004. While in 2009, Malaysia's exported to Laos has reached US$7.4 million and the Malaysian investment in the country has reached US$150 million. Both countries also has signed various agreements to provide for the expanding of bilateral relations such as the Bilateral Trade Agreement, Tourism Agreement. Investment Guarantee Agreement, Air Services Agreement and the Economic, Scientific and Technical Cooperation Agreement. In 2010, Malaysia ranks ninth in the list of largest foreign investors in Laos. By 2015, Malaysia is the second largest

neg: Germany–Malaysia relations festivals such as the annual Oktoberfest celebrations. Two state universities in Malaysia offer bachelor's degree courses in German. About 30 co-operation agreements exist between German and Malaysian universities of applied sciences. In 2017, over 700 Malaysians with government scholarships are studying at German universities, mainly in the engineering field. The German Academic Exchange Service maintains its own information centre in Kuala Lumpur. An English version of Deutsche Welle TV channel broadcasts on Hypp TV, an IPTV provider through the fibre-optic UniFi network by Telekom Malaysia. Previously, in the 2000s, several television programmes of Deutsche Welle were available on Astro, Malaysia's

neg: Jook-sing not flow out of the other end. The metaphor is that "jook-sings" are not part of either culture; water within the "jook-sing" does not flow and connect to either end. The term may or may not be derogatory. Use of the term predates World War II. In the United States and Canada, the term is pejorative and refers to fully Westernized American-born or Canadian-born Chinese. The term originates from Cantonese slang in the United States. "Jook-sing" persons are categorized as having Western-centric identities, values and culture. The term also refers to similar Chinese individuals in Australia, Malaysia, Singapore, and New

neg: Australian Defence Force other Australian Government and police agencies to counter foreign terrorist threats. While these forces provide a substantial counter-terrorism capability, the ADF does not regard domestic security as being part of its 'core business'. The Australian Defence Force cooperates with militaries around the world. Australia's formal military agreements include the ANZUS Alliance with the United States, the Closer Defence Program with New Zealand, the Five Power Defence Arrangements with Malaysia, Singapore, New Zealand and the United Kingdom, and the ABCA Armies Standardisation Program with the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada and New Zealand. Australia has also established a partnership with

neg: Gratuity bars accepts over-the-counter cash tips in any amount. Massage parlous, which are located practically on every corner in Bali, expect 10%–20%. Taxi drivers expect 5%. Bellboys at high end hotels expect around $1 per bag. In Malaysia tipping is not the norm and is not expected in any service. Instead restaurants can add a service charge of 10% to the bill. In Malaysia the people are familiar with tipping, so if a person does leave a tip then it is accepted and appreciated. When tipping occurs it is usually done by rounding up the bill. Tipping is not customary in

neg: China–Malaysia relations and neighbouring countries could lead to a military conflict. Meanwhile in the economic side, 70% Malaysians positively support China’s presence and investment in their country according to a survey conducted by Merdeka Center in 2017. On a visit to China in November 2016, the former Prime Minister of Malaysia, Najib Razak, announced ties between the two countries are "set to reach new highs" after the two countries signed a series of agreements on energy and defence. While over 25% of Malaysians are Malaysian Chinese, whose ancestors migrated from China centuries ago, they do not generally associate themselves with being from

neg: Live Well Network the end of January 2012; carriage agreements were maintained when Young was purchased by Media General in November 2013. In 2012, many ABC affiliates switching to the Live Well Network dropped Retro Television Network. A 1-hour two-week LWN block was broadcast on Soapnet weeknights from 11 PM to 12 AM (ET/PT) starting on July 30, 2012 through Friday, August 10, 2012. The network lost affiliates in Memphis and Jackson, Tennessee in March 2013 as a result of the sale of Newport Television's stations to Nexstar Broadcasting (Nexstar generally does not carry subchannel networks in any form; WHBF-TV in Rock Island,

neg: Brunei–Malaysia border sections which were not covered by these agreements, the two countries agreed that their common border will be delimited based on the watershed principle. In addition, the two countries agreed to push for the joint demarcation and survey of their common border, through the establishment the necessary structures and processes to carry this out. The Memorandum of Understanding on the Process for the Joint Demarcation and Survey of the Land Boundary was signed on 19 March 2012 in Johor Bahru, Malaysia. The MOU, which was signed during the 8th Malaysia–Brunei Darussalam Meeting on the Implementation of the 2009 Exchange of

neg: Malaysia–Thailand border in a Defined Area of the Continental Shelf of the Two Countries in the Gulf of Thailand" on 21 February 1979, followed by an "Agreement on the Constitution and Other Matters Relating to the Establishment of the Malaysia-Thailand Joint Authority" on 30 May 1990 establishing a joint development area (JDA). Both agreements do not settle disputed maritime border and sovereignty issue of the disputed area and the countries continue staking their overlapping continental shelf claims. Malaysia's 1979 map and Thailand's EEZ proclamation In December 1979 just after the two countries signed the MOU on the joint development area, Malaysia published

neg:
Visa policy of China the end of 2017. Holders of ordinary passports issued by the following 16 countries do not need a visa to enter China as long as their trip does not last longer than the visa-free period listed below. All of these countries have concluded mutual visa-free agreements with China, except for Brunei, Japan and Singapore to which China offers unilateral waivers. The list includes countries which had signed visa-free agreements with China for holders of passports for public affairs or ordinary passports endorsed for public affairs. Exceptions are listed below.

 Under reciprocal agreements, holders of diplomatic, official, service,

neg: Asian water monitor Hong Kong; India (Andaman Is., Nicobar Is.); Indonesia (Bali, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Sumatera); Lao People's Democratic Republic; Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia); Myanmar; Singapore; Sri Lanka; Thailand; Vietnam. Asian water monitors are semiaquatic and opportunistic; they inhabit a variety of natural habitats though predominantly this species resides in primary forests and mangrove swamps. It has been noted that the presence of humans does not deter these monitors from areas of human disturbance. In fact, they have been known to adapt and thrive in agricultural areas as well as cities with canal system (such as Sri Lanka, where they are not hunted or

neg: Flexirent of a consumer lease dictate that the customer only has the right to use and does not own the equipment being leased. As per Flexirent end of term conditions, to own the equipment outright, a customer needs to negotiate a price (outlined in the contract) at the end of the contract with Flexirent, who have the right to accept or decline any offer. The Micah Law Centre, a not-for-profit law firm, in a 2007 report postulated that financiers of consumer lease agreements, including Flexirent, sought to circumvent Australian consumer protection laws that apply to loan agreements, citing complex and misleading

neg: Water supply and sanitation in Singapore was blown up by retreating British troops, thus unintentionally destroying the pipeline, which left Singapore with water reserves that could last at most two weeks. According to Lee Kuan Yew, this was one of his motives to envision water self-sufficiency for Singapore later when he became the city-state's Prime Minister. After the war, Singapore continued to grow rapidly and more water was needed to sustain the city’s growth. The 1927 agreement was superseded by two new agreements signed in 1961 and 1962 between the independent federation of Malaya and the self-governing British territory of Singapore. They foresaw the payment of

neg: Azrul Amri Burhan Azrul Amri Burhan He played with Kuala Lumpur FA and Perak FA during his heyday, where he won two Malaysia Cup with Perak and two Malaysia FA Cup with Kuala Lumpur. He also played with Negeri Sembilan FA and club side TNB Kelantan towards the end of his career. Azrul has represented the Olympic team. He also played for Malaysia national futsal team, and was in the squad that took part in the 1996 FIFA Futsal World Championship in Spain. His stint with Olympic team was notable, for when he played in the 1995 Toulon Tournament, he received a severe

neg: Water conflicts between Malaysia and Singapore facilities were handed over to the Johor state government. The handover included the Skudai and Gunung Pulai water treatment plants, which were built by the Public Utilities Board and managed by them for 50 years, as well as two pump houses in Pontian and Tebrau. On 25 June 2018, Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamed stated his intentions of renegotiating the agreement with Singapore as he views the low price at which water is being exported to Singapore has resulted in Malaysia losing a significant amount of revenue. Water conflicts between Malaysia and Singapore Singapore and Malaysia have a long-standing conflict

neg: Social Security (United States) and individuals seeking to ensure future benefits or having to deal with taxation authorities in multiple countries. To that end, the Social Security Administration has signed treaties, often referred to as "Totalization Agreements", with other social insurance programs in various foreign countries. Overall, these agreements serve two main purposes. First, they eliminate dual Social Security taxation, the situation that occurs when a worker from one country works in another country and is required to pay Social Security taxes to both countries on the same earnings. Second, the agreements help fill gaps in benefit protection for workers who have divided their

neg: Trade agreement the separate countries. Regional trade agreements are very hard to establish and commit to when the countries are more diverse. Association of Southeast Asian Nations(ASEAN) this was formed in 1967 between the countries of Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand the reasoning was so that they could engage political and economic encouragement and it helps them all keep regional stability. There are a variety of trade agreements; with some being quite complex (European Union), while others are less intensive (North American Free Trade Agreement). The resulting level of economic integration depends on the specific type of trade pacts and

neg: Consumer Credit Act 1974 does not restrict the time limit of use to less than three months. The agreement does not have to exceed three months, but the option to do so must be given by one party. Partially regulated agreements are those consumer hire or consumer credit agreements which are not an exempt agreement but are exempt from certain provisions of the Act. What these provisions are depends on the type of agreement; small agreements, non-commercial agreements and contracts with a foreign element. Small agreements are defined in Section 17 of the act as regulated consumer credit agreements where the credit does not

neg: Water supply and sanitation in Malaysia on the other hand. While a water reform was enacted for peninsular Malaysia in 2006, the previous legal and institutional framework was maintained in Eastern Malaysia. Two main laws passed in 2006 form the legal framework of the water and sanitation sector in peninsular Malaysia. The Water Services Industry Act (WSIA) established a national Water Asset Management Company (WAMCO), called PAAB in Malaysian, and a Water Forum to give voice to hitherto under-represented stakeholders such as consumers. The National Water Services Commission Act established a National Water Services Commission known under its Malay acronym as SPAN. The acts separated the

neg: Malaysia–Thailand border of the common tripoint at Agreements The 1909 Anglo-Siamese Treaty states that the maritime boundary between the two countries as follows: Subsequently, the two governments signed several agreements over their common maritime boundary in the Gulf of Thailand and South China Sea. The 1973 continental shelf boundary agreement between the two governments only covered the Straits of Malacca segment and did not cover the border in the Gulf of Thailand but on 24 October 1979, an agreement and a memorandum of understanding were signed to determine the common maritime boundary of the two countries in the Gulf of Thailand. The

neg: Algeria–Malaysia relations Algeria–Malaysia relations Algeria–Malaysia relations ( ; ; ; Jawi: هوبوڠن الجزائر–مليسيا) refers to bilateral foreign relations between Algeria and Malaysia. Algeria has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur, and Malaysia has an embassy in Algiers. The Algerian embassy in Malaysia was opened in 1993 with the Algerian President Abdelaziz Bouteflika visiting Malaysia twice in 2003, for the NAM and OIC Summits. Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad reciprocated the visit in the same year, during which several agreements were signed concerning bilateral trade, information and communication technology as well as co-operation between the Algeria Press Service and Bernama news agency. In 2002,

neg: Drinking water quality in the United States for public water systems. There are no federal regulations covering private drinking water wells, although some state and local governments have issued rules for these wells. The EPA enters into primary enforcement authority (primacy) agreements with state governments, so in most states the EPA does not directly enforce the SDWA. State rules can be different from the EPA's, but they must be at least as stringent. The EPA defines a public water system (PWS) as an entity that provides water for human consumption to at least 25 people (or at least 15 connections) for at least 60 days a year.

neg: Whistler Blackcomb master plan updated at the end of 2013. Additional projects part of Renaissance include a 163,000-square-foot water park with water slides, a mountain roller coaster, a suspension bridge atop Whistler Mountain's peak, expansion of Whistler Mountain Bike Park, new parking facilities and housing developments, a new 'Blackcomb Grind' hiking trail, and a revitalization of Blackcomb's base. The start of this project will be subject to government approval and the renegotiation of the Company's master development agreements and negotiation of a proposed business partnership with local First Nations. Once approval is granted, Phase One projects and expansions will take two years

neg: First nation-municipal service agreements cause a change in local priorities, lack of established interpersonal relationships between municipal councils and Band councils and lack of organizational memory regarding service agreements and relationship building efforts. Lack of capacity can be a barrier in two ways: communities may have limited infrastructure capacity or limited human resource capacity. Limited infrastructure capacity could present a barrier, particularly when thinking about water and wastewater service agreements. For example, an older treatment facility may have the capacity to provide only for the current population of a municipality or a First Nation and would not have the capacity to provide for both

neg: Water supply and sanitation in Malaysia of a tap. Wells have since been relegated to the annals of history and stand pipes where villagers washed, bathed and collected water for cooking and drinking are a rarity. Water delivery tankers, once not an uncommon sight, are now only contingency measures to tide over prolonged periods of drought.” The foundation for piped water supply was laid by the British in 1804, when the first aqueduct of brick was built to transport water from the hills to the town of Penang. By the end of the 19th century piped water was available to urban households through house taps and

neg: Foreign relations of Malaysia over the pricing of deliveries of raw untreated water to Singapore, Singapore's land reclamation causing a negative environmental impact in Malaysian waters, a new bridge to replace the Johor-Singapore Causeway which Singapore does not want to pay for, maritime boundaries, the redevelopment of Malayan Railway lands in Singapore and Pedra Branca. Both parties however, agreed to ICJ arbitration on the island dispute. On 24 May 2008, the International Court of Justice ruled that Pedra Branca belonged to Singapore with the nearby Middle Rocks going to Malaysia. Regarding railway land in Singapore, see also Malaysia-Singapore Points of Agreement of 1990. On

neg: Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency of 2017 following similar agreements with the Philippines and Vietnam. The military vessels, which previously used by the Japan Coast Guard will be handed over free of charge to Malaysia to counter Chinese military activities in the waters of Malaysia. Three new 83m OPV based on Damen 1800 also ordered by Malaysia to boost up patrol capabilities. Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency The Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency (Abbr.; MMEA; – "APMM"); formally known as Malaysia Coast Guard for international identification, is the coast guard organisation of Malaysia, and principal government agency tasked with maintaining law and order, and coordinating search and

neg: Malaysia–Romania relations in 2010. While in 2013, trade relations recorded a total of $115.12 million with the Romanian exports consisting of furniture, metals, chemicals, lumber, wood, metal products, machinery and electrical equipment while Malaysian exports including natural rubber and rubber products, tin, cocoa, computer equipment and electronics products. Both countries are in the process to boosting the economic relations and Romania government has shown interest to co-operate with Malaysia to develop an entry port for palm oil in Romania third largest city, Constanta. Approximately, nine agreements on the economic sector has been signed between the two countries. In 2013, a framework agreement

neg: Social and environmental impact of palm oil in May 2010, Indonesia announced a two-year suspension on new agreements to clear natural forests and peatlands. Additionally, Indonesia announced plans to create its own organization similar to the RSPO, which, as a government certification system, will introduce mandatory regulation for all Indonesian palm oil producers. In 2011, Malaysia began developing a national certification, the "Malaysia sustainable palm oil" (MSPO) certification, to improve involvement in sustainable palm oil production nationwide. The certification program, aimed at small and medium-sized producers, is expected to be launched in 2014. Malaysia has initiated its own environmental assessment on oil palm industry based on Life

neg: Malaysia–Vietnam border showing the boundary, drawn as the equidistant line between Malaysia's Redang Island and the Vietnamese shore, ignoring islands off its coast. The eastern terminus of any future Malaysia–Vietnam border seems to have been established at northern terminus of the 1969 Indonesia–Malaysia continental shelf border at a point designated as Point 20, with the coordinates 6° 05.8' N 105° 49.2' E. Point 20 is the equidistant point from the baselines of Indonesia, Malaysia and Vietnam. Although not determined by any tripartite agreement, bilateral agreements governing the Indonesia–Malaysia and Indonesia–Vietnam maritime borders as well as the agreement to establish the Malaysia–Vietnam joint

neg: Water supply and sanitation in Singapore Water supply and sanitation in Singapore Water supply and sanitation in Singapore is characterised by a number of achievements in the challenging environment of a densely populated island. Access to water is universal, affordable, efficient and of high quality. Innovative integrated water management approaches such as the reuse of reclaimed water, the establishment of protected areas in urban rainwater catchments and the use of estuaries as freshwater reservoirs have been introduced along with seawater desalination in order to reduce the country's dependence on water imported from neighboring country, Malaysia. Singapore's approach does not rely only on physical infrastructure, but it

neg: Malaysia–Singapore border after the ICJ decision that a joint technical committee would be set up to determine the maritime border in the waters around Pedra Branca. Malaysia filed a review before the 10 year mark of the award in 2017, the review was subsequently withdrawn in 2018 by the new government putting the matter to rest. This dispute resulted from Singapore's reclaiming of land in two areas, namely in the southwestern end of the island called the Tuas development, and in the waters adjacent to Pulau Tekong in the Straits of Johor. The latter does not involve any encroachment into the territorial

neg: Bathing pour water over the body, in such a way that this water does not go back into the large container. In Indonesia and Malaysia, this is a traditional method referred to as "mandi". In the Indonesian language, "mandi" is the verb for this process; "bak mandi" is the large container, and "kamar mandi" is the place in which this is done. Travel guides often use the word "mandi" on its own or in various ways such as for the large container and for the process of bathing. In the Philippines, "timba" (pail) and "tabo" (dipper) are two essentials in every

neg: War of the Lüneburg Succession of Hanover in 1373 that the war came to an end, at least for the time being. In accordance with the agreements reached at Hanover, the regency would alternate between the Welfs and the Wittenbergs. The treaty was further reinforced by the marriage of the two eldest sons of Magnus Torquatus, Frederick and Bernard I, to the two daughters of Wenceslas, as well as the marriage of Magnus's widow to Albert of Saxe-Wittenberg. Henry, the younger brother of Frederick and Bernard, however, rejected the agreements and continued the war. After the Battle of Winsen in 1388, when Wenceslas lost his

neg: Indonesia–Malaysia border (as opposed to mere coastal control) over Borneo. This document provided a fait-accompli division of Borneo based on the flow of watersheds. This decree was essentially the blueprint that the Dutch subsequently negotiated with the British that resulted in the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1891. The principal document determining the land border between Indonesia and Malaysia on the island of Borneo is the Border Convention or London Convention of 1891 which was signed in London signed between Great Britain and the Netherlands, the two relevant colonial powers of that time, on 20 June 1891. Subsequent agreements between the colonial powers in

neg: Malaysia–Syria relations included a 2007 visit to Syria by Malaysian Prime Minister Abdullah Badawi, and the signing of several agreements in 2009 relating to air travel and the SME sector. The "Syrian-Malaysian Business Council" was established in February 2011 to help further develop trade between the two countries, just one month before the Syrian Civil War started. In October 2015, Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak announced that at least 3,000 Syrian refugees would be resettled in the country, with Malaysia become one of the first Muslim-majority country to make this offer. Najib stated that Muslim countries were partly responsible for ensuring the

neg: Young grab or skids to ensure the gear does not sink too deep in soft sediments. A draw-back of the use of this sampler is that it tends to disturb the sediments more than a box corer does. This does also not allow for sampling of the water column, but only the benthic surface. While letting the instrument down into the water, the two levers with buckets at their ends are spread like an open scissor. The levers are locked in this position, and unlock when hitting the ground. When the rope is pulled upward again, the two buckets close and grab

neg: Lansing, Michigan a local newspaper retrospective in 2011. Lansing is the centerpiece of a region of Michigan known as Mid-Michigan or Central Michigan. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water. This figure includes two 425 Agreements with Alaiedon Township and Meridian Township, and the four 425 Agreements with Delta Township since 2000. Since the 2010 Census, the city has entered into two additional 425 Agreements. The first agreement consisted of the temporary transfer of 1,888.2 acres of Lansing Capital Region International Airport to the city from DeWitt

neg: Treaty Clause Representatives and the signature of the President. Throughout American history, presidents have also made international agreements through congressional-executive agreements, that are ratified with only a majority from both houses of Congress, or executive agreements, made by the President—in the exercise of his Constitutional executive powers—alone. Though the Constitution does not expressly provide for any alternative to the Article II treaty procedure, of the Constitution does distinguish between treaties (which states are forbidden to make) and agreements (which states may make with the consent of Congress). The Supreme Court has considered congressional-executive and executive agreements to be valid, and they have

neg: Article 160 of the Constitution of Malaysia Article 160 of the Constitution of Malaysia Article 160 of the Constitution of Malaysia defines various terms used in the Constitution. It has an important impact on Islam in Malaysia and the Malay people due to its definition of a Malay person under clause 2. It took effect after 31 August 1957 ("Merdeka Day" or "Independence Day") in West Malaysia, and took effect in Singapore and East Malaysia when they merged with Malaya in 1963. The article no longer applies to Singapore, as it separated from Malaysia in 1965 (Singapore is also a secular state); however, it does affect the

neg: Bakun Dam is an oversupply of electricity, with Tenaga Nasional Berhad being locked into unfavourable purchasing agreements with Independent Power Producers. The original idea was to have 30% of the generated capacity consumed in East Malaysia and the rest sent to Peninsular Malaysia. This plan envisioned 730 km of overhead HVDC transmission lines in East Malaysia, 670 km of undersea HVDC cable and 300 km of HVDC transmission line in Peninsular Malaysia. Future plans for the dam include connecting it to an envisioned Trans-Borneo Power Grid Interconnection, which would be a grid to supply power to Sarawak, Sabah, Brunei, and Kalimantan (Indonesia).

neg: Foreign direct investment and the environment Canada's oil and gas industry has raised concerns that such investments may increase global emissions. Furthermore, Canada is involved in trade agreements over water with the United States such as NAFTA. Researchers argue trade agreements concerning water is affecting the sustainability of water management. It is stated that water governance and management is changing in Canada. There are many commodities that are produced with water, which may increase the competition for water resources and this may affect water security. Canada has been taking preliminary steps to become more environmentally conscious within their trade agreements and environmental regulation policies. In order

neg: Transatel Network Code MNC 901-37, and made possible through agreements signed in each country with local MNOs. New agreements are signed every month, and should bring the global Transatel footprint to over 60 countries by the end of 2016. SIM 901 gives the end-user of the device uninterrupted cellular access to the internet when residing or traveling in affiliated countries. For the manufacturer, SIM 901 generates new revenue streams and up-markets the device. To date, Transatel has signed agreements with three of the top ten worldwide laptop/tablet OEMs, with commercial soft launches planned in Q1 2016 with Windows 10, targeting the

neg: Indonesia–Malaysia border the country's territorial sea. Malaysia's 1979 map The continental shelf and territorial sea boundaries beyond the southern terminus of the 1969 and 1970 agreements have not been agreed to. The 1979 territorial sea and continental shelf map published by Malaysia shows a unilaterally drawn continental shelf/territorial sea boundary connecting the southern terminus of the 1969 continental shelf and 1970 territorial sea agreement between Indonesia and Malaysia with the Malaysia-Singapore border at the western entrance of the Straits of Johor. The boundary's southern-most turning point, namely Point 17, is inside Indonesia's baseline in the Riau Islands, giving the impression that Malaysia

neg: Najib Razak Najib called for signing a "Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement" by the same date. These economic agreements have resulted in plans for RM 1.6 trillion in investment for Malaysia. In January 2010, Najib announced plans to develop a new visa regime for Indian nationals, specifically for managers and knowledge workers to visit Malaysia. Najib made a two-day visit to Singapore, on 21–22 May 2009. During the visit, both Najib and Singapore Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong agreed to move bilateral relations forward in a more productive manner and will either set aside or resolve the "legacy" problems between the two countries.

neg: Spile the novel "Catching Fire" and subsequent film "". The spile consists of tube with one end sharpened and the other split. When pounded into a tree, a stream of fresh water flows from the tube. Most of the year, this is not consistent with the nature of trees, as water diffuses upward through very tiny capillary passages. When a tree is cut down, water does not flow out of the cut surface. The technique used in the movie would only work in early spring or late winter, when the watery sap runs high in the trees. The taps that are

neg: Unilever as practicable as a single economic entity, whilst remaining separate legal entities with different shareholders and separate stock exchange listings. There are a series of legal agreements between the parent companies, together with special provisions in their respective Articles of Association, which are known as the Foundation Agreements. A key requirement of the agreements is that the same people be on the Boards of the two parent companies. An Equalisation Agreement regulates the mutual rights of shareholders in Unilever plc and Unilever N.V. with the objective of ensuring that, in principle, it does not make any financial difference to hold

neg: Order of the Royal Family of Malaysia gold star is in a radial form with an embossed fern motive. The sash is made from red silk and the end is tied with a ribbon. The badge is also in a radial form and surmounted by a hibiscus. It suspends from the Malaysian Royal Crown. The sash is worn from the left shoulder to the right hip. Official source The recipients does not receive any title. Order of the Royal Family of Malaysia The Most Excellent Order of the Royal Family of Malaysia () is a Malaysian federal award conferred to the Malay rulers who were appointed as

neg: Economy of Chile Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) organization, is seeking to boost commercial ties to Asian markets. To that end, it has signed trade agreements in recent years with New Zealand, Singapore, Brunei, India, China, and most recently Japan. In 2007, Chile held trade negotiations with Australia, Thailand, Malaysia, and China. In 2008, Chile hopes to conclude an FTA with Australia, and finalize an expanded agreement (covering trade in services and investment) with China. The P4 (Chile, Singapore, New Zealand, and Brunei) also plan to expand ties through adding a finance and investment chapter to the existing P4 agreement. Chile's trade talks with

neg: Water purification particles to form floc. PolyDADMAC is a popular cationic (positively charged) organic polymer used in water purification plants. Waters exiting the flocculation basin may enter the sedimentation basin, also called a clarifier or settling basin. It is a large tank with low water velocities, allowing floc to settle to the bottom. The sedimentation basin is best located close to the flocculation basin so the transit between the two processes does not permit settlement or floc break up. Sedimentation basins may be rectangular, where water flows from end to end, or circular where flow is from the centre outward. Sedimentation basin

neg: New Zealand free-trade agreements part of New Zealand's international trade policy. New Zealand has used free trade agreements also known as closer economic partnerships to liberalise trade between economies. A Closer Economic Partnership Agreement with Thailand was negotiated in 2004 and implemented in 2005. Negotiations for a Free Trade Agreement with Chile, Brunei and Singapore known as the Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership were concluded in 2005. Negotiations for further agreements with Malaysia were undertaken in 2006, but failed to reach a conclusion. The historic FTA with China was signed in Beijing in April 2008. On 27 February 2009 New Zealand and its close partner