query: where did the ioway tribe live in iowa

pos: Iowa people Iowa people The Iowa or Ioway, known as the Báxoǰe in their own language, are a Native American Siouan people. Today, they are enrolled in either of two federally recognized tribes, the Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma and the Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska. The Iowa, Missouria, and Otoe tribes were all once part of the Ho-Chunk people. They are all Chiwere language-speaking peoples. They left their ancestral homelands in Southern Wisconsin for Eastern Iowa, a state that bears their name. In 1837, the Iowa were moved from Iowa to reservations in Brown County, Kansas, and Richardson County, Nebraska. Bands

neg: Iowa people anyway. Today the Iowa Reservation in Nebraska and Kansas is approximately in size, and has more than 150 residents. In 2013 Tim Rhodd was chosen as chairman of the Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska. Bobby Walkup is the current tribal chairperson of the Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma. The Ioway Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska operates the Casino White Cloud at White Cloud, Kansas on the Ioway Reservation. The Ioway Tribe of Oklahoma operates the Cimarron Casino in Perkins, Oklahoma, and the Ioway Casino in Chandler, Oklahoma. Iowa people The Iowa or Ioway, known as the Báxoǰe in their own

neg: Iowa people of Iowa moved to Indian Territory in the late 19th century and settled south of Perkins, Oklahoma to become the Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma. The Ioway tribe is also known as the báxoje tribe. Their name has been said to come from the Sioux "ayuhwa" ("sleepy ones."). Early European explorers often adopted the names of tribes from the ethnonyms which other tribes gave them, not understanding that these differed from what the peoples called themselves. Thus, "ayuhwa" is not an Ioway word. The word Ioway comes from Dakotan "ayuxbe" via French "aiouez". Their autonym (their name for themselves) is Báxoje,

neg: Ioway Reservation representatives, a senior citizen center, and meal site for seniors with a delivery program. The tribe sponsors a Fourth of July rodeo, a demolition derby in August, and the Iowa Tribe Powwow each September. Ioway Reservation The Iowa Reservation of the Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska straddles the borders of southeast Richardson County in southeastern Nebraska and Brown and Doniphan Counties in northeastern Kansas. Tribal headquarters are west of White Cloud, Kansas. The reservation was defined in a treaty from March 1861. Today the tribe operates Casino White Cloud on the reservation. The Iowa, or Baxoje as they call

neg: Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska tribe owns and operates a dairy farm, fuel station, grain processing operation, Casino White Cloud, and the Mahuska Restaurant, located in White Cloud, Kansas. The Iowa originally lived near the Great Lakes. In the 17th century, Iowa people lived in northern Iowa and southern Minnesota. During the 1820s and 1830s, the tribe signed numerous treaties with the US federal government and were assigned a reservation near the Great Nemaha River near the Kansas–Nebraska border in 1836. In the 1870s, the tribe split into two groups, and the Southern Ioway moved to Indian Territory, while the Northern Ioway remained in Kansas

neg: Ioway Reservation Ioway Reservation The Iowa Reservation of the Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska straddles the borders of southeast Richardson County in southeastern Nebraska and Brown and Doniphan Counties in northeastern Kansas. Tribal headquarters are west of White Cloud, Kansas. The reservation was defined in a treaty from March 1861. Today the tribe operates Casino White Cloud on the reservation. The Iowa, or Baxoje as they call themselves, Tribe originated in the Great Lakes region. They migrated south and west into Missouri, but were relocated to Kansas under the provisions of the Platte Purchase of 1836. Subsequent treaties in 1854 and

neg: Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma from that tribe and moved to the south and west. The first recorded contact between the Iowa and Europeans was in 1676, in Green Bay, Wisconsin, where they lived among the Ho-Chunk people. Traditionally, Iowa society was divided into two moieties, the Buffalo and the Bear clans, who would govern the tribe on an alternating, semiannual basis. In face of European-American encroachment, the Iowa moved east in what is now Iowa and Missouri, but in 1839 the tribe ceded their lands and moved to the Ioway Reservation on the Kansas-Nebraska border. There factionalism broke out between the mixed blood and

neg: Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma the Ioway Casino Resort in Chandler. The "Bah-Kho-Je Journal" is a newspaper published by the tribe for enrolled members. The tribe also owns BKH Solutions, a SBA 8(A) certified company providing trucking, construction, environmental, archaeological, and energy services and consulting. They have their own tribal police department and Tah-Je Do-Weh Che Child Development and Head Start program. The tribe owns its own Bah-Kho-Je Gallery that represents Iowa artists, such as Jean Bales (Iowa), David Kaskaske (Iowa-Otoe-Missouri), and Daniel Murray (Iowa/Otoe), as well as artists from related tribes, such as Mars Biggoose (Ponca), Gina Gray (Osage Nation), and others. The gallery

neg: Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma was based in Guthrie, Oklahoma, but is now located in the Iowa tribal complex in Perkins. An estimated thirty tribal members still speak the Iowa or Chiwere language, a Siouan language. The tribe has offered language classes in the past and is currently providing elders with recording devices to archive language material they feel important to share with the younger generations. The Iowa, or Ioway, originated in the Great Lakes region. They are thought, along with the Ho-Chunk, Otoe, and Missouria tribes, to have once been a single tribe. In the 16th century, the Iowa, Otoe, and Missouria broke away

neg: Ioway Reservation 1861 further reduced the Iowa land holdings to the "Diminished Reserve." A band of Iowas left the reservation for Indian Territory beginning in 1878. They became the Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma. The bands that stayed became the Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska. Today, the Iowa reservation consists of that are almost evenly divided between the states of Kansas and Nebraska. The reservation includes parts of Brown counties in Kansas and Richardson County in Nebraska. Located along the Missouri River, the reservation was once approximately reservation includes owned by the Tribe and in tribal member allotments. There were owned by

neg: Ioway Reservation the Tribe in Kansas, with an additional in tribal member allotments. In 1995 Bureau of Indian Affairs indicated that were of Iowa tribal lands in trust status. Today the tribe reports the Iowa Tribe owns within the reservation. The tribe farms , with portions of the remaining acres balanced between in pastures and woods. There is also a haying operation that supports 150 cattle. The tribe also owns and operates Casino White Cloud and a service station, and employs 186 people. As a sovereign nation the reservation has its own police and fire department, tribal court, health clinic, community health

neg: Chandler, Oklahoma National American Insurance Company is headquartered in Chandler. Downtown Chandler, which is located on historic Route 66 and is home to many shops and restaurants. Lincoln County's first Wal-Mart Supercenter opened in 2008 on the east side of Chandler. The Ioway Casino opened west of Chandler on June 1, 2013. The Ioway Casino is operated by the Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma and is the sister casino to Cimarron Casino located in Perkins. The Ioway Casino has 250 machines and is located on SH-66 between Chandler and US-177. Chandler is home to several city parks, a baseball complex, and a municipal

neg: Mahaska (Native American leader) Mahaska (Native American leader) Mahaska (archaic Ioway "Maxúshga" pronounced ; contemporary "Maxúhga"), or White Cloud, (1784–1834) was a chief of the Native American Iowa tribe. His son, also named Mahaska, was better known as Francis White Cloud. Mahaska was born into the Iowa tribe. He became chief at an early age after killing several enemy Sioux to avenge his father's death by them. Later Mahaska killed a French trader in an argument; he was arrested and imprisoned in St. Louis, Missouri. After he escaped, he led a raid against the Osage. Afterward, he decided that his father's death was finally

neg: Native American tribes in Nebraska in the Nebraska Territory. Today the United States government recognizes several tribes in Nebraska. They include the Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska, the Omaha Tribe of Nebraska, the Ponca Tribe of Nebraska, the Sac & Fox Nation of Missouri in Kansas and Nebraska, the Santee Sioux Tribe of the Santee Reservation of Nebraska, and the Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska. Indian reservations in Nebraska currently include land of the Ioway, Santee Sioux, Omaha, Sac and Fox, Winnebago, and Ponca. The Omaha ceded their Boone County to the U.S. government in 1854. The Pawnee gave up their Boone County lands in

neg: Oskaloosa, Iowa public system, Oskaloosa Community School District, operates a high school, middle school, elementary school, and an alternative school. Oskaloosa Elementary opened in January 2005, merging five smaller buildings scattered across the city. The building is the largest elementary school in Iowa. In the city's town square is a bronze statue of Chief Mahaska, the 19th-century leader of a Native American tribe called the Ioway; he was memorialized by the name of Mahaska County. Restored in the 21st century, the statue was completed in 1907 by an Iowa-born sculptor named Sherry Edmundson Fry (1879–1966). At the time it was commissioned, Fry

neg: White Cloud, Kansas White Cloud, Kansas White Cloud (Ioway: "Chína Maxúthga" pronounced or "Chína Maxúhga" pronounced , meaning "Village Cloud-White") is a city in Doniphan County, Kansas, United States. It was named for James White Cloud, son of Chief White Cloud of the Iowa people. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 176. White Cloud is the seat of government for the Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska. The first post office at White Cloud was established in July, 1855. In 1857, the town site was purchased by John Utt and Enoch Spaulding, two land promoters from Oregon, Missouri, who then

neg: Sherry Edmundson Fry commemorative statues, fountains and reliefs. His earliest public commission was a bronze statue of Mahaska, the 19th-century leader of a Native American tribe called the Ioway. Recently restored, it still stands on its pedestal in the town square of Oskaloosa, which is the county seat of Mahaska County, Iowa, in the southeastern section of the state. At the right of the base is the artist's signature "S.E. Fry, 1907". When he accepted the Mahaska commission in 1906, Fry was living in Paris. He returned to Iowa the following summer to make preparatory drawings of Meskwaki at the nearby Settlement at

neg: James White Cloud The Tesson Cemetery was named for Joseph Tesson, of the Sac and Fox Nation, who was the brother-in law of James White Cloud, having married two of his sisters. After his death in 1940, his great-grandson, Jimmy Rhodd (1935–1997; alt. James Mahaska Rhodd), became chief of the Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska. James White Cloud James White Cloud (May 15, 1840July 16, 1940) was Chief of the Iowa people from 1865 until his death in 1940. He was born May 15, 1840, son of Francis White Cloud and Mary Many Days Robidoux. His Ioway name was The-gro-wo-nung. On the

neg: Iowa of the Corn Belt. In the latter half of the 20th century, Iowa's agricultural economy made the transition to a diversified economy of advanced manufacturing, processing, financial services, information technology, biotechnology, and green energy production. Iowa is the 26th most extensive in land area and the 30th most populous of the 50 U.S states. Its capital and largest city by population is Des Moines. Iowa has been listed as one of the safest states in which to live. Its nickname is the Hawkeye State. Iowa derives its name from the Ioway people, one of the many Native American tribes that

neg: Mary Many Days Robidoux a child, Mary, by an Indian woman. This daughter would marry Chief White Cloud of the Ioway, producing a chiefly line among that tribe. ... The kinship networks established between St. Louis independent traders and ranking native families in the years between 1800-1825 consolidated authority among the clan leaders linked to trader interests. Joseph Robidoux’s French-Ioway daughter, Mary (Many Days), married Ioway chief White Cloud." Mary married Chief Francis White Cloud some time before 1840. They had at least four children: Mary apparently married a second time to Francis H. Dupuis. She died on the Ioway Reservation on 29 June

neg: Half-Breed Tract land for mixed-blood people related to the Oto, Ioway, Omaha, Sac and Fox and Santee Sioux tribes. The treaty granted these "Half-Breed Tracts" as sections of land in a form similar to Indian reservations. A Half-Breed Tract was located in Lee County, Iowa, roughly near . An 1824 treaty between the Sauk people, the Fox tribe, and the United States set aside a reservation for mixed-blood people related to the tribes. The land contained approximately lying between the Mississippi and Des Moines rivers. Under the original treaty, the half-breed people had the right to occupy the soil, but individuals could

neg: Adair County, Missouri was granted statehood, and four years after the Sac and Fox Native American tribes surrendered their claims to the land. The original settlement was called "Cabins of White Folks," or simply, "The Cabins," and was located west of present-day Kirksville along the Chariton River. The Big Neck War: In July 1829, a large party of Iowa (or Ioway) Native Americans, led by Chief Big Neck, returned to their former hunting grounds in violation of treaty. One of the Ioway's dogs killed a pig, and some tribe members threatened (or insulted, according to some sources) the white women. The settlers sent

neg: Grand River (Missouri) by floods. The area was part of Ioway Indian tribal territory through the 1820s. The Ioway chief Big Neck (aka Great Walker) had his village on the Grand River before 1824 and into 1829. The Big Neck War: In July 1829, a large party of Iowa (or Ioway) Native Americans, led by Chief Big Neck, returned to their former hunting grounds in violation of treaty. One of the Ioway's dogs killed a pig and they threatened (or insulted, according to some sources) the white women. The settlers sent messengers south to Randolph and Macon counties asking for help. Captain William

neg: Hiawatha, Kansas 1858, and the first school opened in 1870. The main street was designated Oregon Street after the Oregon Trail. Parallel streets north of it were named after Indian tribes north of the Trail, and streets south carried tribal names of those south of the Trail. Hiawatha is named after a poem by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow called "The Song of Hiawatha". In the poem is legendary Onondaga and Mohawk Indian leader Hiawatha. Adjacent to the former Ioway-Sac reservation and the present-day Ioway Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska, Hiawatha is called "Hári Wáta" in Ioway, meaning "I am looking far away". This

neg: Ocooch Mountains Ioway-Otoe-Missouria emerged from the Oneota cultural group in western Wisconsin. Evidence of their presence is found throughout the Wisconsin Western Uplands as far north as Lake Pepin, and Red Wing, Wisconsin, over to Effigy Mounds National Monument, the Upper Iowa River, and La Crosse, Wisconsin dated from AD 900 to 1700. Decimated by epidemics, the Ioway left the area after the Otoe-Missouria and as the Algonquin language speaking Sac and Fox and Kickapoo peoples came from Michigan fleeing the Iroquois as a result of the French and Indian Wars, or Beaver Wars. Ocooch Mountains written in current Ioway tribal orthography

neg: Joseph Robidoux IV where St. Joseph is now located belonged by treaty to the Ioway Tribe and the combined Sac Tribe and Fox Tribe. Robidoux was a licensed trader and legally allowed to be in the area as a trader. Robidoux was the most spectacular example of several enterprising white settlers who encroached on Indian land. Faced with the possibilities of more encroachment, the tribes in 1836 agreed to sell what is now the northwest corner of Missouri for $7,500 to the federal government in a deal at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. It was presided over by William Clark (of Lewis and Clark fame).

neg: Iowa people River, where in 1804 Lewis and Clark visited their settlements. There they engaged in trading with the French and local tribes, thanks to their advantageous situation regarding the alum deposits. Between 1820 and 1840, the Iowa ceded their Minnesota, Iowa and Missouri lands to the U.S. government. By 1837 most were relocated to a reservation along the Kansas-Nebraska border, led by their chief Chief Mahaska ("Mew-hew-she-kaw", "White Cloud"; archaic Ioway "Maxúshga" pronounced ; contemporary "Maxúhga"). They surrendered the Little Platte territory in Missouri in 1836. Other Missouri lands had been ceded in 1824. In 1837 they settled in a strip

neg: Platte Purchase livestock", and a host of other small items. The tribes agreed to move to reservations west of the Missouri River in what was to become Kansas and Nebraska. Furthermore, the U.S. government was to "build five comfortable houses for each tribe, break up of land, fence of land, furnish a farmer, blacksmith, teacher, interpreter". The reservations are today known as the Ioway Reservation and the Sac and Fox Reservation. The tribes gave up 3.1 thousand square miles of land for a combined reservation of 29 square miles (26 for the Sac and Fox and 3 for the Ioway). Michigan entered

neg: History of Iowa Oto in 1830. The Ioway ceded the last of their Iowa lands in 1838. The Winnebago and Potawatomi, who had only a short time before been removed to Iowa, were yet again removed and had left Iowa by 1848 and 1846, respectively. The last remaining group, the Sioux, ceded their last Iowa land via an 1851 treaty with the United States, which they completed in 1852. Today, Iowa is still home to one American Indian group, the Meskwaki, who reside on the Meskwaki Settlement in Tama County. After most Sauk and Meskwaki members had been removed from the state, some

neg: Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma Oklahoma, and their tribal jurisdictional area is in Lincoln, Logan, Oklahoma, and Payne counties, Oklahoma. Of the 800 enrolled tribal members, over 490 live within the state of Oklahoma. Bobby Walkup is the current tribal chairperson. The tribe issues its own vehicle tags and operates the Bah-kho-je Housing Authority. They own a truck stop, a gas station, a smoke shop, a bingo hall, an off-track wagering facility, and a casino. The estimated annual economic impact of the Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma was $10,343,000 in 2011. The tribe operates the Cimarron Casino in Perkins, the Iowa Tribe Smokeshop in Coyle, and

neg: History of Iowa in Iowa: the Sauk (Sac) and Meskwaki (Fox) on the eastern edge of Iowa along the Mississippi; the Ioway along the bank of the Des Moines River; the Oto, Missouri, and Omaha along the Missouri River, and the Sioux in the Northern and Western parts of the State. Additionally, earlier records indicate the presence of the Illinois in Iowa, though they were nearly gone by the time of the 1804 observations. The total number of these groups in Iowa in 1804 is estimated to be less than 15,000. While these groups generally came initially for food, some of them (e.g.,

neg: American Indians of Iowa Wisconsin, the Ioway/Baxoje ranged in northern Iowa, the Otoe in central and southern Iowa, and the Missouria in far southern Iowa. All these tribes were also active during the historic period. The following tribes arrived in the late prehistoric period: The Dhegiha lived near the Missouri in the very Late Prehistoric and historic periods; they appear to have migrated to the region from the south or southeast. Their origin location is debated. The following tribes are of the late prehistoric and historic period: These may be descendants of Late Prehistoric Mill Creek cultures, whose range extended into northwest Iowa. Their

neg: Archaeology of Iowa Blood Run, Hartley Fort, the Lane Enclosure, three sites in downtown Des Moines, and sites along the Upper Iowa River, including several large earthwork enclosures. After the decline of the Mill Creek and Glenwood cultures in western Iowa, Oneota cultures appeared across the state. It is widely accepted that the Oneota were the ancestors of modern American Indian tribes associated with Iowa, including the Ioway, Ho-Chunk (Winnebago), Otoe, Missouria, and Omaha. Protohistoric refers to the period when American Indians were exposed to European trade items and large population shifts occurred because of introduced European diseases and warfare, but there is

neg: Iowaville, Iowa Iowaville, Iowa Iowaville was a small town on the lowland near the northeast bank of the Des Moines River, near the line between Davis and Van Buren counties, and between present-day Eldon and Selma, Iowa. It was established about 1838 near the site of earlier trading posts. Iowaville is now farm land with almost nothing to show the town location, but it is an important Iowa archaeological site. The area around the town site had long been used by the Ioway Indians. The residents of Iowaville were frequent visitors to Fort Madison, 1808–1813, the first U.S. Army post in the

neg: Shaumonekusse King. Shaumonekusse Chief Shaumonekusse (Chonmonicase, Letan, L'Letan, "Prairie Wolf") (ca. 1785–1837) was a leader of the Otoe Native American tribe in the early 19th century. The Otoe was a Great Plains tribe, closely related to the Ioway and Missouria. Shaumonekusse was described as a witty and sociable person, and "a daring, active, and successful warrior. We are not aware of his having any hereditary claims to the chieftainship of his tribe, to which he has risen gradually by his own merits. He is a person of deep penetration, and is capable of acting with much duplicity on any occasion when

neg: Shaumonekusse Shaumonekusse Chief Shaumonekusse (Chonmonicase, Letan, L'Letan, "Prairie Wolf") (ca. 1785–1837) was a leader of the Otoe Native American tribe in the early 19th century. The Otoe was a Great Plains tribe, closely related to the Ioway and Missouria. Shaumonekusse was described as a witty and sociable person, and "a daring, active, and successful warrior. We are not aware of his having any hereditary claims to the chieftainship of his tribe, to which he has risen gradually by his own merits. He is a person of deep penetration, and is capable of acting with much duplicity on any occasion when he

neg: Iowa increased use of maize and social changes led to social flourishing and nucleated settlements. The arrival of European trade goods and diseases in the Protohistoric period led to dramatic population shifts and economic and social upheaval, with the arrival of new tribes and early European explorers and traders. There were numerous Indian tribes living in Iowa at the time of early European exploration. Tribes which were probably descendants of the prehistoric Oneota include the Dakota, Ho-Chunk, Ioway, and Otoe. Tribes which arrived in Iowa in the late prehistoric or protohistoric periods include the Illiniwek, Meskwaki, Omaha, and Sauk. The first

neg: Platte Purchase Potawatomi Trail of Death to Osawatomie, Kansas. The formal application came in the summer of 1835 when at a meeting on the Dawes farm near Liberty, Missouri, where the Indian agent for the Sac and Fox tribes, Andrew S. Hughes, presided over a meeting of Missouri residents who formally asked Congress to acquire the land. Missouri senator Thomas Hart Benton introduced a bill to acquire the land and it was approved with little opposition in June 1836. An agreement was reached in 1836 with the chiefs Mahaska and No Heart of the Ioway tribe and leaders of the combined Sac

neg: History of South Dakota whose territory extended from southern Canada, through western Minnesota & eastern N. Dakota & may have extended as far south as northeast South Dakota. Many of the cultural traits among the Sioux that do not exist among other Siouan peoples—including hairdos—originated with the A'ani. One of the first to be driven off by the Sioux, they moved west & north, splitting into the tribes known as the Gros Ventre and the Arapaho. They are not to be confused with the Hidatsa, who were also called Gros Ventre by the French. The Ioway, or Iowa people, also inhabited the region where

neg: Ho-Chunk mythology Ho-Chunk mythology The Hocągara (Ho-Chungara) or Hocąks (Ho-Chunks) are a Siouan-speaking Indian Nation originally from Wisconsin and northern Illinois, but due to forced emigration, they are also found in Nebraska, where about half the nation now lives. They are most closely related to the Chiwere peoples (the Ioway, Oto, and Missouria), and more distantly to the Dhegiha (Quapaw, Kansa, Omaha, Ponca, and Osage). In the story that follows, the Bear Clan assumes the foundation role for the whole nation, and when they land they find the nation's friendship tribe, the Menominee. The Bear Clan is strongly associated with the "kaǧi",

neg: Native American tribes in Nebraska assigned the tribe some land in Nebraska. Today the Ponca Tribe of Nebraska live in Knox County; another part of the people live on their federally recognized reservation in Oklahoma. The Missouri lived south of the Platte River and, along with the Otoe, met with the Lewis and Clark Expedition at the Council Bluff. Like the Iowa, both tribes are part of the Chiwere branch of the Siouan-language family. In 1804 the Otoe had a town on the south side of the Platte River not far from its mouth on the Missouri. On March 3, 1881 the tribe sold all

neg: Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska The Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska is one of two federally recognized tribes of Iowa people. The other is the Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma. They hold an annual Indian rodeo and a powwow every September. The Iowa Reservation is located in Richardson County in southeastern Nebraska and Brown and Doniphan Counties in northeastern Kansas. It spans of checkerboard lands, alternating between tribal and non-Native ownership. The Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska is headquartered in White Cloud, Kansas. The tribe is governed by a five-member council. The current administration is as follows. The

neg: Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska denied this motion. Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska The Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska is one of two federally recognized tribes of Iowa people. The other is the Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma. They hold an annual Indian rodeo and a powwow every September. The Iowa Reservation is located in Richardson County in southeastern Nebraska and Brown and Doniphan Counties in northeastern Kansas. It spans of checkerboard lands, alternating between tribal and non-Native ownership. The Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska is headquartered in White Cloud, Kansas. The tribe is governed by a five-member council. The current administration is

neg: Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma The Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma is one of two Federally recognized tribes for the Iowa people. The other is the Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska. Traditionally Iowas spoke the Chiwere language, part of the Souian language family. Their own name for their tribe is "", meaning, "grey snow," a term inspired by the tribe's traditional winter lodges covered with snow, stained grey from hearth fires. Since 1985, the tribe has held an annual powwow. It takes place in mid-June south of Perkins, Oklahoma, on Highway 177. The Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma is headquartered in Perkins,

neg: Meskwaki Settlement, Iowa tribal school, tribal courts, public works department, and police force. The settlement includes more than . There are about 1,300 members of this Meskwaki Tribe, of whom about 800 live on the settlement; non-tribal members, including spouses, also live on the settlement. The Meskwaki Casino Resort is located on the Settlement and generates revenue for the welfare of the tribe. The settlement includes land in parts of Indian Village Township, Toledo Township, Tama Township, and Columbia Township. The tribe holds a large pow-wow there each year. The Meskwaki traded with French colonists of the Illinois Country but were forced west

neg: Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma is the only animal that has seen the face of the creator and so we honor him with respect and dignity." Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma The Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma is one of two Federally recognized tribes for the Iowa people. The other is the Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska. Traditionally Iowas spoke the Chiwere language, part of the Souian language family. Their own name for their tribe is "", meaning, "grey snow," a term inspired by the tribe's traditional winter lodges covered with snow, stained grey from hearth fires. Since 1985, the tribe has held an annual powwow.

neg: Living History Farms a museum where people viewed things under glass, but rather a place where history was lived. The museum is divided by Interstate 35/80 and a tractor-drawn cart transports visitors from the town (which is next to the entrance at the Visitor Center) to the west side of the museum. After visiting the 1700 Ioway Farm, 1850 Farm, 1900 Farm, and Wallace Exhibit Center, visitors return to the east side of the interstate. The 1875 town of Walnut Hill features multiple structures, including the Martin and Ellen Flynn Home and barn, both original to the site. The 1700 Ioway Indian Farm

neg: Jeffrey Deroine near Agency, Missouri, in delicate negotiations between the Ioway and Omaha. His reputation for his linguistic skills led to Deroin's employment as translator for the Office of Indian Affairs, although his hiring required the intervention of William Clark because of his status as a former slave. Deroine mostly translated for the Ioway, and was accepted by the Ioway as an ally. In 1844 he accompanied Francis White Cloud and a group of Ioway on a tour of Europe sponsored by George Catlin (who called him "Doraway") which was widely celebrated at the time. His interpretation of their languages was so

neg: Omaha, Nebraska Today, gambling in Omaha is limited to keno, lotteries, and parimutuel betting, leaving Omahans to drive across the Missouri River to Council Bluffs, Iowa, where casinos are legal and there are numerous businesses operating currently. Recently a controversial proposal by the Ponca tribe of Nebraska was approved by the National Indian Gaming Commission. It will allow the tribe to build a casino in Carter Lake, Iowa, which sits geographically on the west side of the Missouri River, adjacent to Omaha, where casinos are illegal. Education in Omaha is provided by many private and public institutions. Omaha Public Schools is the

neg: Ray Young Bear audiences. The goal of the Woodland Drum Group is to educate non-Native Americans about the meaning behind the dances and songs of Native Americans. Ray Young Bear Ray Young Bear (born 1950 in Marshalltown, Iowa) (Meskwaki) is a poet and novelist. He was raised on the Meskwaki Tribal Settlement near Tama, IA. Young Bear's great-great grandfather, Maminwanike, purchased the land that the Meskwaki Settlement was built on. The settlement is located along the Iowa River. Young Bear's great-great grandfather was only a boy when he made the decision to move the tribe from Kansas back to Iowa where the tribe

neg: Ray Young Bear Ray Young Bear Ray Young Bear (born 1950 in Marshalltown, Iowa) (Meskwaki) is a poet and novelist. He was raised on the Meskwaki Tribal Settlement near Tama, IA. Young Bear's great-great grandfather, Maminwanike, purchased the land that the Meskwaki Settlement was built on. The settlement is located along the Iowa River. Young Bear's great-great grandfather was only a boy when he made the decision to move the tribe from Kansas back to Iowa where the tribe is originally from. After his great-great grandfather's decision, Meskwaki people were sent to negotiate the purchase of land that eventually became the Meskwaki Settlement.

neg: Missouria Missouria The Missouria or Missouri (in their own language, Niúachi, also spelled Niutachi) are a Native American tribe that originated in the Great Lakes region of United States before European contact. The tribe belongs to the Chiwere division of the Siouan language family, together with the Iowa and Otoe. Historically, the tribe lived in bands near the mouth of the Grand River at its confluence with the Missouri River; the mouth of the Missouri at its confluence with the Mississippi River, and in present-day Saline County, Missouri. Since Indian removal, today they live primarily in Oklahoma. They are federally recognized

neg: Sac and Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa Sac and Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa The Sac and Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa is one of three federally recognized Native American tribes of Sac and Meskwaki (Fox) peoples in the United States. The Fox call themselves Meskwaki. They are Algonquian peoples, historically developed in the Eastern Woodland culture. The Sac and Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa is headquartered in Tama, Iowa. They are governed by a seven-person council. They oversee more than of land, known as the Meskwaki Settlement, which the Meskwaki bought mostly in the 19th century. In 2005, they established

neg: Gambling in Omaha, Nebraska to Council Bluffs, Iowa, where casinos are legal and there are numerous gambling businesses operating. Recently, a controversial proposal by the Ponca tribe of Nebraska was approved by the National Indian Gaming Commission. It will allow the tribe to build a casino in Carter Lake, Iowa, which sits geographically on the west side of the Missouri River, adjacent to Omaha, where casinos are illegal. After its founding in 1854, pioneer Omaha became the "Gateway to the West," as an essential stopping, restocking and "jumping off" point for settlers, hunters and miners traveling to the Western United States. The city quickly

neg: Jeffrey Deroine became an experienced trader himself, helped by his ease in learning different American Indian languages. Suffering from Robidoux's physical abuse, Deroine sued for his freedom in St. Louis in 1822, when Deroine was 16 years old, claiming he was being held against his will in regions where slavery was illegal. After a decade of legal proceedings and delays, Deroine lost his case, but his freedom was likely purchased by either the Indian trader Andrew S. Hughes or the Ioway chief Francis White Cloud in 1832. Deroine, now free, began work for Hughes as a translator at the Ioway Agency, located

neg: Wilson v. Omaha Tribe tribe. The multiple lawsuits were consolidated into one action in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Iowa. The trial court found for the non-Indian defendants, using the state law of Nebraska to determine the issue of the movement of the river, rejecting the position of the United States and the tribe that 25 U.S.C. § 194 controlled the issue. The tribe then appealed the trial court's decision to the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals. The appeals court reversed the judgment of the trial court, holding that 25 U.S.C. § 194 did apply. The court stated that once

neg: Living History Farms features the farming techniques of the Ioway Indians. The farm includes produce originating from the 1700s including blue corn and Omaha melons. Interpreters inform visitors about the Ioway lifestyle including topics such as hunting, roles of men and women, and tool making. Demonstrations include tanning hide, food preparation, and making traditional pottery. The 1850 Pioneer Farm includes a log cabin where visitors are able to see how women cooked with cast iron over a fire, as well as tasks done by hand such as wool spinning and candle making. Outside visitors can see an ox driven plow till the fields

neg: Battlestar Galactica (miniseries) is a legendary Thirteenth Tribe of Kobol somewhere out there in the universe and that this Thirteenth Tribe settled on a planet called Earth. While Earth is considered a myth, Adama claims to know where it is and promises to lead the fleet to Earth as their new home. Afterwards, Adama is confronted by Roslin who knows that he lied. Adama admits this, stating that he did it to give the people hope and a reason to live. The two are able to come to an agreement where Roslin controls the civilian part of the fleet and Adama is in

neg: Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska to testify at congressional meetings in Washington, DC. Tribal Council members Vestana Cadue, Oliver Kahbeah, and Ralph Simon of the Kickapoo Tribe in Kansas traveled at their own expense to testify as well. The strong opposition from the Potawatomi and Kickapoo tribes helped them, as well as the Sac and Fox and the Iowa Tribe, avoid termination. In March 2016, the Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska filed a motion to consult with the Iowa Utilities Board (IUB) regarding their permit for Dakota Energy to build the Bakken pipeline, which will run through the tribe's ancestral lands. The IUB tentatively

neg: Hinton, Iowa For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.6 males. Hinton's high school mascot is the Blackhawk, presumably after Ioway Indian tribal leader Chief Black Hawk. The school's basketball team compete in the War Eagle Conference, with the girls' basketball team making state playoff appearances in 2000, 2002, 2004, and 2009. The boys' and girls' golf teams both made state appearances in 2006 & 2007, with the boys winning 1st place overall in 2006. The school's cross country team has sent a runner to the state meet five times, most recently in 2010, 2011, and 2012. The football

neg: Council Bluffs, Iowa their chief Sauganash ("one who speaks English"), the son of the British loyalist William Caldwell, who founded Canadian communities on the south side of the Detroit River, and a Pottawatomi woman. Seeking to avoid confrontation with the Sioux, who were natives of the Council Bluffs area, the 1,000 to 2,000 Pottawattamie initially had settled east of the Missouri River in Indian territory between Leavenworth, Kansas and St. Joseph, Missouri. When this area was bought from Ioway, Sac and Fox tribes in the Platte Purchase and part of Missouri in 1837, Sauganash and the Pottawatomi were forced to move to their

neg: Big Neck and released. Big Neck Moanahonga, known as Big Neck or Great Walker, was an Iowa Nation leader. In July 1829 Big Neck had ostensibly led a party of Ioway Native Americans to return to their former hunting grounds along the Grand River and Chariton River leading to the conflict known as the Big Neck War. The conflict ended in October 1830 when Big Neck and some of his party surrendered to Indian sub-agent Andrew S. Hughes. They were tried in March 1830, but when evidence emerged showing that the local whites had started the fight Big Neck and his men

neg: Big Neck Big Neck Moanahonga, known as Big Neck or Great Walker, was an Iowa Nation leader. In July 1829 Big Neck had ostensibly led a party of Ioway Native Americans to return to their former hunting grounds along the Grand River and Chariton River leading to the conflict known as the Big Neck War. The conflict ended in October 1830 when Big Neck and some of his party surrendered to Indian sub-agent Andrew S. Hughes. They were tried in March 1830, but when evidence emerged showing that the local whites had started the fight Big Neck and his men were acquitted

neg: British Band Wabokieshiek (White Cloud), and Neapope. There were seven civil chiefs besides Neapope and Wabokieshiek, and five war captains including Black Hawk. The other civil chiefs in the band were: Pamisseau, Weesheet, Chakeepashipabo, Checokalako, Ioway, Pamaho, and Towaunonne; the four other war captains were: Menacou, Makatauaupuat, Pashetowat, and Kinnekonnesaut. The band was composed of about 500 warriors and 1,000 old men, women and children when they crossed the Mississippi on 5 April. The group included members of the Sauk, Fox and Kickapoo Nations. They crossed the river near the mouth of the Iowa River and then followed the Rock River northeast.

neg: Iowa people pronounced (alternate spellings: "pahotcha", "pahucha",), which translates to "grey snow". "Báxoje" has been incorrectly translated as "dusted faces" or "dusty nose". The state of Iowa, where they once lived, was named after this tribe. Their name has been applied to other locations, such as Iowa County, Iowa City and the Iowa River. Their estimated 1760 population of 1,100 dropped to 800 by 1804, a decrease caused mainly by smallpox, to which they had no natural immunity. Their numbers were reduced to 500 by 1900. In 1960, 100 Iowa lived in Kansas and 100 in Oklahoma. By 1980 their population had

neg: Blood Run Site million before the end of the year, according to the governor’s office." "The Conservation Fund will purchase and hold the majority of the Nelson property until funds are available and then transfer it to the state of South Dakota." Blood Run Site The Blood Run Site is an archaeological site on the border of the US states of Iowa and South Dakota. The site was essentially populated for 8,500 years, within which earthworks structures were built by the Oneota Culture and occupied descendant tribes such as the Ioway, Otoe, Missouri, and shared with Quapaw and later Kansa, Osage, and Omaha

neg: Marie Aioe Dorion name "Holy Rainbow" (Wihmunkewakan) states the name refers to Pierre Dorion's FIRST wife, a Yankton Sioux woman, not Marie: "It is believed that Dorion had taken the young Iowa Indian woman for a wife about 1806, after abandoning a Yankton woman named Holy Rainbow." Marie was the second wife, not the first who was the Yankton named "Holy Rainbow." Marie was Ioway, not Yankton, and her name was not "Holy Rainbow." Wihmunkewakan is the Lakota translation of Holy Rainbow it seems, although if it is a name of a woman, it properly would have ended with -win (female suffix). We

neg: Native American tribes in Nebraska 1857. Nance County was a Pawnee reservation until 1875 when harassment by the whites and Sioux helped convinced the Pawnee to relocate to Oklahoma. The Oto, Omaha, and Ioway ceded much of their land to the U.S. government in 1854, agreeing to settle on reservations in eastern Nebraska. That year the Nebraska Territory was organized and opened to settlement. The Nemaha Half-Breed Reservation was located between the Great and Little Nemaha rivers in Nemaha County. Because the Omaha and some other tribes had patrilineal systems, mixed-race children with white fathers had no place in the tribe; they were considered white.

neg: Third Treaty of Prairie du Chien concluded on August 1, 1829, was made between the United States and representatives of the Winnebago tribe. They also ceded land in northwestern Illinois and southwestern Wisconsin. Third Treaty of Prairie du Chien The Treaty of Prairie du Chien may refer to any of several treaties made and signed in Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin between the United States, representatives from the Sioux, Sac and Fox, Menominee, Ioway, Winnebago and the Anishinaabeg (Chippewa, Ottawa and Potawatomi) Native American peoples. Two treaties were negotiated simultaneously at Prairie du Chien in the summer of 1829, both signed by General John McNeil, Colonel Pierre

neg: Eagle of Delight Shortly after her visit, Hudjihini died of measles, probably contracted during her travels. When Chief Mahaska of the Ioway tribe saw Eagle of Delight's portrait in winter 1836-1837 on a visit to Washington DC, and was certain that she was his mother. However, at nearby King's gallery, a copy of Eagle of Delight's portrait hung next to the portrait of Rantchewaime (Female Flying Pigeon), his mother, whom he recognized by her fan. It turned out that Mahaska was mistaken because his mother, who had died when he was four, had been a neighbor and close friend of Eagle of Delight.

neg: Platte River (Iowa and Missouri) Ioway, Sac and Fox tribes. However, settlers (most notably Joseph Robidoux in St. Joseph, Missouri) began encroaching on the land. Further settlers in northern Missouri were upset about being cut off from the Missouri. In 1836, William Clark (of Lewis and Clark) persuaded the tribes to sell their lands in northwest Missouri. The deal known as the Platte Purchase was named for the river was ratified in 1837 and the tribes were paid $7,500 for an area about the combined size of Delaware and Rhode Island. The land was then annexed to Missouri. In 1838 settlers used the river (and

neg: Des Moines, Iowa story of Midwestern agriculture and rural life in an open-air museum with interpreters dressed in period costume who recreate the daily routines of early Iowans. Open daily from May through October, the Living History Farms include a 1700 Ioway Indian village, 1850 pioneer farm, 1875 frontier town, 1900 horse-powered farm, and a modern crop center. Wallace House was the home of the first Henry Wallace, a national leader in agriculture and conservation and the first editor of "Wallaces' Farmer" farm journal. This restored 1883 Italianate Victorian houses exhibits, artifacts, and information covering four generations of Henry Wallaces and other family

neg: Jewelle Gomez Minor LeClaire, a nurse, and John Gomez, a bartender. Gomez was raised by her great-grandmother, Grace, who was born on Indian land in Iowa to an African-American mother and Ioway father. Grace returned to New England before she was 14, when her father died, and she was married to John E. Morandus, a Wampanoag and descendant of Massasoit, the sachem for whom Massachusetts was named. Growing up in the 1950s and 1960s Gomez was shaped socially and politically by the close family ties with her great-grandmother, Grace, and grandmother Lydia. Their history of independence as well as marginalization in an

neg: Mahaska (Native American leader) the nearby Settlement at Tama, Iowa, and to collect Indian artifacts and other reference materials. Returning to Paris, he began on a clay scale model, which he first showed at the Paris Salon in 1907. A year later, he exhibited the final full-sized sculpture, for which he was awarded the Rome Prize. Soon after, it was shipped to the U.S., and arrived in Oskaloosa by railroad. The formal dedication of the statue, which was attended by "a crowd of 12,000 rain-soaked spectators", was held on May 12, 1909. Mahaska (Native American leader) Mahaska (archaic Ioway "Maxúshga" pronounced ; contemporary "Maxúhga"),

neg: Ocooch Mountains Territories" issued by Baldwin and Craddock for the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge also depicted the western highlands of Wisconsin. Unlike James and Keating, it placed the label Ocooch Mountains further north, at the headwaters of the Black, La Crosse, Kickapoo and Pine rivers. It showed the range running roughly north-northeast through modern La Crosse, Jackson, Clark and Taylor counties. The vowels and consonants of Ocooch and their order are correct for the Ioway language, a Siouan language. The Ho Chunk, a related Native American tribe, called them a name phonetically similar to Ocooch, waxoj, pronounced WAH-KOH-CH(e). The

neg: James White Cloud James White Cloud James White Cloud (May 15, 1840July 16, 1940) was Chief of the Iowa people from 1865 until his death in 1940. He was born May 15, 1840, son of Francis White Cloud and Mary Many Days Robidoux. His Ioway name was The-gro-wo-nung. On the paternal side, he was grandson of Mahaska, for whom White Cloud, Kansas, is named. On the maternal side, he was grandson of Joseph Robidoux IV, founder of St. Joseph, Missouri and his second wife, whose name is unknown. His parents founded one of the main families of Métis people who played a major

neg: Blood Run Site Blood Run Site The Blood Run Site is an archaeological site on the border of the US states of Iowa and South Dakota. The site was essentially populated for 8,500 years, within which earthworks structures were built by the Oneota Culture and occupied descendant tribes such as the Ioway, Otoe, Missouri, and shared with Quapaw and later Kansa, Osage, and Omaha (who were both Omaha and Ponca at the time) people. The site was so named on account of the iron-stained soil. Arikara, Dakota, and Cheyenne were regular traders with the village and Nakota/Dakota and Arikara people also regularly resided

neg: Red Horn Red Horn Red Horn is a culture hero in Siouan oral traditions, specifically of the Ioway and Hocąk (Winnebago) nations. He has different names. Only in Hocąk literature is he known as "Red Horn" ("Hešucka"), but among the Ioway and Hocągara both, he is known by one of his variant names, "He Who Wears (Man) Faces on His Ears". This name derives from the living faces on his earlobes (Hocąk), or earbobs that come to life when he places them on his ears (Ioway). Elsewhere, he is given yet another name, "Red Man" ("Wąkšucka"), because his entire body is red

neg: Bellevue, Iowa and 13.1% of those age 65 or over. Bellevue has a rich history that has greatly influenced the culture of the city. The prehistoric Woodland Native Americans made their homes in the fertile valleys where Bellevue lies. Much later, so did the Blackhawk tribe of which evidence can be found in the form of burial mounds high on the south bluff overlooking the river. The European pioneers arrived as fur traders, farmers, and merchants looking to settle new land beginning in 1833; many floating across the Mississippi River on logs. These early settlers formed Bell View, the oldest city in

neg: Chiwere language the Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma says "Bah-Kho-Je" means "grey snow," due to their winter lodges being covered with snow stained grey by fire smoke. The last two fluent speakers died in the winter of 1996, and only a handful of semi-fluent speakers remain, all of whom are elderly, making Chiwere critically endangered. As of 2006, an estimated four members of the Otoe-Missouria Tribe of Indians still speak the language, while 30 members of the Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma speak their language. The Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma has sponsored language workshops in the past and hopes to host more in the

neg: Lorin Morgan-Richards as friends and family. History was made at the film series on February 25, 2010, at the screening of "Lost Nation: The Ioway" when representatives of the Southern Ioway and Northern Ioway tribes gathered with Tongva leaders, making it the first time a meeting took place between Southern California and Midwestern Native American Nations. In 2015, Richards published a free journal entitled "Bringing the Circle Together Magazine" featuring interviews with contemporary Native American leaders Joanne Shenandoah, Greg Grey Cloud, and L. Frank. Richards became heavily involved in the Welsh-American community after the untimely closure of the Welsh Presbyterian Church in

neg: Otoe-Missouria Tribe of Indians Otoe-Missouria Tribe of Indians The Otoe-Missouria Tribe of Indians is a single, federally recognized tribe, located in Oklahoma. The tribe is made up of Otoe and Missouria Indians. Traditionally they spoke the Chiwere language, part of the Siouan language family. The Otoe, or Oto, and Missouria, or Missouri, tribes both originated in the Great Lakes region. They are thought, along with the Ho-Chunk and Iowa tribes, to have once been a single tribe. In the 16th century, the Iowa, Otoe, and Missouria broke away from that tribe and moved to the south and west. By the late 17th century, the

neg: James White Cloud in 1940. On February 28, 1867, James married a full-blooded Ioway named Pumpkin Vine (Wy-to-hum-gra-mee), later known as Grandma Louise White Cloud. She lived from 1848 to 1914 and was the daughter of Sho-tom-he and his wife Daw-ya-ma-mee. Of their two sons, only Lewis White Cloud grew to maturity. Ioway custom allowed as many wives as a man could afford and, in 1874, while still married to Pumpkin Vine, James married Lydia Dorian, an Ioway woman. James and his two wives lived in the same house. James and Lydia divorced in 1875. James' third marriage was in 1875 to Sallie

neg: Suyá music Suyá were aware of and even knew how to make a variety of Upper Xingu woodwind instruments, they did not seriously make and play them, though they did seriously perform Upper Xingu sung ceremonies. Suyá music Suyá music is the music of the Suyá people, a tribe of about 150 people who live on the Suyá-Miçu River and are native to Mato Grosso, Brazil. Their houses are set up in a circle around the village square, where the majority of their ceremonies take place. Other buildings include a men's meeting house where there is almost always singing. Speech and hearing

neg: Iowa people recovered to 1,000 (of which only 20 spoke Iowa). In 1990 there were 1,700 people. According to the Bureau of Indian Affairs, in 1995 there were 533 individuals living in the Iowa reservations of Kansas and 44 in Nebraska (Horton Agency), while 857 people lived in the Oklahoma Iowa Tribe (Shawnee Agency), amounting to a total of 2,934 people. According to the 2000 census, 1,451 people identified as full-blood Iowa, 76 were of mixed-Indian descent, 688 of mixed-race descent, and 43 of mixed-race and tribe descent, amounting to 2,258 people. The Iowa have had customs similar to those of the

neg: The Lost Tribe (2010 film) by the Catholic Church. Anna is then left by herself to survive on the island and uncover its secrets. "The Lost Tribe" was preceded by an earlier 2009 filmed version of the story, originally produced as "The Tribe", that was directed by Jorg Ihle, and which starred Jewel Staite, Justin Baldoni, and Kellan Lutz. After the completion of filming "The Tribe", the producers did not like the initial edited cut, and could not get the original cast back to do further reshoots. As a result, the production crew concluded that they had produced a movie that did not live up

neg: Cherokee Commission Iowa felt that allotment and money was not good for the tribe, and they were still awaiting past government monies owed them. Many Iowa expressed concern about their children's forced assimilation in white schools, and were distrusting of the government. The Commission reiterated the threat of forced Congressional allotments. Jefferson White Cloud announced that the Iowa would sign the agreement. On May 20, 1890, at the Iowa Village on their reservation, the tribe signed the Agreement with the Iowa (1890) to cede all their land, in return for $60,000 (less than 27 cents per acre) divided per capita and paid

neg: Sac and Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa a tribal court system and tribal law enforcement in 2006. The tribe publishes the "Meskwaki Nation Times", a bi-monthly newspaper for enrolled tribal members. It is a member of the Native American Journalists Association. The tribe operates the Meskwaki Trading Post, Meskwaki Bingo Casino, Prime Cut Steakhouse, Full House Cafe, Food Arcade and the Jackpot Buffet, and the Meskwaki Bingo Casino Hotel, with 400 guest rooms, all located outside Tama, Iowa. The current tribal council members are: The tribe organized this form of government in 1934 under the federal Indian Reorganization Act. Sac and Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in

neg: Hair (musical) men of the tribe burn their draft cards. Claude puts his card in the fire, then changes his mind and pulls it out. He asks, "where is the something, where is the someone, that tells me why I live and die?" ("Where Do I Go"). The tribe emerges naked, intoning "beads, flowers, freedom, happiness." Four tribe members have the "Electric Blues". After a black-out, the tribe enters worshiping in an attempt to summon Claude ("Oh Great God of Power"). Claude returns from the induction center, and tribe members act out an imagined conversation from Claude's draft interview, with Hud saying

neg: Mullazai tribe families. Other places where the tribe have settled include Khubadan and Kallag. There, the tribe mainly work cultivating dates, amiraris. The date groves extend in places to nearly mile away from the river. Southwest of Tasp is Sorowan and has the Khushkawa, where some of the tribe still live. The first mosque in Panjgur was built in 1513 in Tasp By Mulla Shehsawar, an ancestor of the tribe. The Mullazai are known as Akhoonds, Mala Zai, Mali Zai or Mollazahis Clans of the tribe include Kenagzai, Halazai, Sahibzada, Miazai, Gowarazai and Akundzai . These are the direct descendants of the

neg: Prairie Band Potawatomi Nation (). Independently of the Council of Three Fires, the Prairie Band were also signatories to the 1832 Treaty of Tippecanoe () as the Potawatomi Tribe of Indians of the Prairie. Under the Indian Removal Act, the Prairie Band were forcibly relocated west, first to Missouri's Platte Country in the mid-1830s and then to the vicinity of Council Bluffs, Iowa in the 1840s, where they were known as the Bluff Indians. The tribe controlled up to five million acres (20,000 km²) at both locations. After 1846, the tribe moved to present-day Kansas. At that time, the reservation was thirty square miles

neg: Des Moines Rapids the rapids of the River Des Moines." Missouri did not attempt to clarify the mistake even when the Iowa (tribe), Sauk and Fox (tribe) ceded all land "in Missouri" along the line from the Mississippi to the Indian Territory Line (Sullivan's line going north from the Kansas) in 1824. This created the Half-Breed Tract. When interest in the rapids increased in the late 1830s as work began on making the rapids navigable, along with Iowa's beginning the process of entering as a state, Missouri took an interest in asserting control of the west side of the rapids. However, thwarted by

neg: Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma for lands in Iowa, then Kansas, part of what was known as Indian Territory under the federal government's plan. The Ottawa did not relocate from Ohio until April 1837. Of the 600 Ottawa who emigrated to Kansas, "more than 300 died within the first two years, because of exposure, lack of proper food, and the great difference between the cool, damp woods of Ohio and the dry, hot plains of Kansas." To survive as a people, the tribe made a remarkable investment in their children's future. Of the the Ottawa controlled in Kansas, they set aside for an upper-level school

neg: Land Run of 1891 to settlers who took part in the land run at $1.25 per acre. The Iowa tribe settled for eighty-acre allotments for each of its 86 members and sold the remaining as "surplus" at less than $0.28 per acre. The Sac and Fox agreed to accept 160 acres per member and sold at $1.25 per acre. The Citizen Band Potawatomi agreed with the 160-acres per member for 1,498 members. The Absentee Shawnee took 569 allotments and sold the remaining at $0.68 per acre. The Kickapoo tribe did not agree to take their allotments at this time, so their land was not

neg: Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska and Nebraska. They ratified their constitution and by-laws on February 26, 1937. During the period from the 1940s to the 1960s, in which the Indian termination policy was enforced, four Kansas tribes, including the Iowa, were targeted for termination. One of the first pieces of legislation enacted during this period was the Kansas Act of 1940 which transferred all jurisdiction for crimes committed on or against Indians from federal jurisdiction to the State of Kansas. It did not preclude the federal government from trying Native people, but it allowed the state into an area of law in which had historically

neg: Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma Service standards. The aviary is one of the few in the country is open to the public, and visitors have come from all over the world, including tribal elders from many different Oklahoman Indian tribes. Naturally molted eagle feathers are gathered by the tribe for legally permitted religious use. Victor Roubidoux, an Iowa tribal member, serves as the aviary manager. The tribe is currently raising funds to expand the aviary, since spaces for eagles filled up almost immediately with birds from throughout the United States. The tribe recently added a new flight cage. Says Roubidoux, "We believe that the eagle

neg: Ro Foege in Papua New Guinea. His family moved from George to Decorah, Iowa and then to Montgomery, Alabama before moving to Dows, Wright County, Iowa in 1942 where his father was the Pastor of Vernon Lutheran Church. The family moved to Pocahontas, Iowa in 1946 and he graduated from Pocahontas High School in 1956. At the age of 4, Foege went to live with the John H. and Ellie Janssen family of Gilmore City, Iowa due to the illness of his mother. This 6-month stay developed into a lifelong relationship with the Janssen family as he returned to live with the

neg: Marie Aioe Dorion Marie Aioe Dorion "Madame" Marie Aioe Dorion Venier Toupin (ca. 1786 – September 5, 1850) was the only female member of an overland expedition sent by Pacific Fur Company to the Pacific Northwest in 1810. Like her common-law first husband, Pierre Dorion Jr., she was Métis, with her mother from the Iowa tribe and a French Canadian father. She was also known as Wihmunkewakan (Holy Rainbow), "Walks Far Woman" and Marie Laguivoise, the latter recorded in 1841 at the Willamette Mission and apparently a variation on "Aiaouez", later rendered as "Iowa". NOTE FROM THE IOWA TRIBE: The source for the

neg: Dawi Dawi Davi (also spelled as "Dawi", "Daavi" or "Daway") is a Gharghasht Pashtun tribe and the brother of the Kakar tribe. Both are the sons of Gharghasht tribe. The population of Davi tribe is almost equal to that of the Kakar tribe but apparently seems smaller than Kakar because of the close ties of both tribes; they intermingled and mixed so closely that most Davi tribesmen consider themselves as part of Kakar tribe. Therefore, a large portion of Davi tribe is part of Kakar. The Davi tribesmen mostly live in Afghanistan, Baluchistan, Kashmir and India. Where there is a Kakar

neg: Dakota Access Pipeline protests the beginning of the meeting, Archambault indicated the tribe's opposition to the project within treaty boundaries, stating, "So just that you know: this is something that the tribe is not supporting." Additional SRST representatives voiced opposition and concerns about the pipeline. Pipeline protests were reported as early as October 2014, when Iowa community and environmental activists presented 2,300 petitions to Iowa Governor Terry Branstad asking him to sign a state executive order to stop it. Voicing concerns for damage to wildlife habitat and sacred sites, the Sac & Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa (Meskwaki Nation) also objected to