query: when did haiti and the dominican republic split

pos: Dominican Republic–Haiti relations at converting average Dominicans into second-class citizens: restrictions of movement, prohibition to run for public office, night curfews, inability to travel in groups, banning of civilian organizations, and the indefinite closure of the state university (on the alleged grounds of its being a subversive organization) all led to the creation of movements advocating a forceful separation from Haiti with no compromises. On February 27, 1844, the people of Santo Domingo ended more than two decades of Haitian misrule by proclaiming their independence and welcoming home from exile the great advocate of Dominican nationalism, Juan Pablo Duarte. The new government was

pos: Dominican War of Independence Dominican War of Independence The Dominican Independence War gave the Dominican Republic autonomy from Haiti on February 27, 1844. Before the war, the island of Hispaniola had been united under the Haitian government for a period of 22 years when the newly independent nation, previously known as the Captaincy General of Santo Domingo, was unified with Haiti in 1822. The criollo class within the country overthrew the Spanish crown in 1821 before unifying with Haiti a year later. In 1844, the members of La Trinitaria chose El Conde, the prominent “Gate of the Count” in the old city walls, as

neg: Dominican Republic national football team Summer Olympics of Mexico. The first leg was played at home on 21 May and Haiti won 8–0. The second leg in Haiti was won by the hosts 6–0 on 27 May, as Haiti went through 14–0 on aggregate. The Dominican Republic did not play another match until March 1970, when they entered at the 1970 Central American and Caribbean Games in Panama. They were placed in a group with Puerto Rico and Venezuela. The Dominican Republic lost 5–0 to Venezuela on 4 March, then gained their first ever win on 6 March by beating Puerto Rico 5–0. They did

neg: Dominican Republic–Haiti relations Dominican Republic–Haiti relations Dominican Republic–Haiti relations refers to the diplomatic relations between the Dominican Republic and the Republic of Haiti. Relations have long been complex due to the substantial cultural differences between the two nations and their sharing the small island of Hispaniola, part of the Greater Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean region. The living standards in the Dominican Republic are considerably higher than those in Haiti. The deep-set cultural differences have contributed to a long-standing conflict. Though having vast demographic and cultural differences since colonial times, the inhabitants of modern-day Dominican Republic and Haiti have at times been allies

neg: Colorism in the Caribbean into preference for lighter skin. Ritualistic skin bleaching to lighten one’s skin, brown paper bag tests to verify one's skin tone, and degradation of darker-complected Haitians as ugly are contemporary manifestations of colorism in Haiti. After declaring its independence from Spanish rule in 1821, the Dominican Republic was overtaken by Haitian rule in 1822. The Dominican Republic did not achieve independence from Haiti until after their victory in the Dominican War of Independence in 1844. However, the country fell back under Spanish rule until it reclaimed its sovereignty after the Dominican War of Restoration of 1865. As the Dominican Republic

neg: An Unbroken Agony armed subversions." When the French departed from Haiti, they demanded reparations from Haiti of roughly $21 billion (in 2004 dollars). Robinson states that there were a number of important precedents in the Caribbean that shed light on the U.S. position towards Haiti. They included sending U.S. troops to the Dominican Republic in the early 20th century to force the Dominican Republic to give Washington the power to collect customs revenues for the U.S. at the Dominican Republic's main shipping ports. This led to the U.S. invading the Dominican Republic in 1915 and occupying the country until the end of 1924.

neg: Dominican Republic–Haiti relations part (Haiti). Race is another defining factor of Dominican–Haitian relations. The ethnic composition of the Dominican population is 73%mulatto, 16%white, and 11%black; while 95% of the Haitian population is black. The Dominican economy is also over 600% larger than the Haitian economy. The estimated annual per capita income is US$1,300 in Haiti and US$8,200 in Dominican Republic. The divergence between the level of economic development between Haiti and the Dominican Republic makes their border the one with the highest contrast of all Western world borders and it is evident that the Dominican Republic has one of the highest illegal migration

neg: Christian Reformed Church in Haiti Christian Reformed Church in Haiti The Christian Reformed Church in Haiti was a mission effort of the Christian Reformed Church in North America and the Christian Reformed Church of the Dominican Republic in 1987. Two pastors were sent to Haiti from Dominican Republic. They were joined by several Haitians and established the John Calvin Theological Seminary in Port-au-Prince and several Reformed congregations. In 1991 70,000 Haitians come to Haiti from the Dominican Republic. Many of these were Christian Reformed. The joint meeting to establish a denomination with the presence of the Reformed churches from the Dominican Republic, Haiti and the

neg: Haitians in the Dominican Republic Rancho Mateo. In 1899 the Haitian government claimed the center-west and the south-west of the Dominican Republic, including western Lake Enriquillo, as it estimated that Haitians had become the majority in that area. However, the arrival of Haitians to the rest of the country began after the United States occupation of Haiti and the Dominican Republic around 1916, when US-owned sugar companies imported, annually, thousands of Haitian workers to cut costs. The 1935 census revealed that several border towns were of Haitian majority; between 1920 and 1935 the Haitian population in the Dominican Republic doubled. In 1936, Haiti received several

neg: Dominican Day Parade leadership of General Gregorio Luperon, the war was ultimately won from Spain. In 1844, the Dominican Republic secured its independence from Haiti and became a sovereign state until 1861. Under the leadership of General Pedro Santana, segments of the Dominican population sought to annex the Republic back to Spain and did so during March 18, 1861. On August 16, 1863, the start of the war for the Restoration of the Dominican Republic under the command of General Luperon. The Dominican Republic originally declared its independence from Spain on December 1, 1821. Ultimately, the Dominican Republic was re-established, free from Spain,

neg: Magali Febles began managing the Miss Haiti Universe franchise. A delegate from Haiti is yet to place in Miss Universe since 1975, when Gerthie David became the first runner-up in the contest and the second black woman to be placed in the finals. In 2016, the license of Miss Haiti Universe was awarded to Chris Puesan from the Dominican Republic, a pageant coach and license holder. Magali Febles Magali Maria Esperanza Febles Moretta (born 1964 in Santo Domingo) is a Dominican beautician and beauty pageant circuit personality. Febles is the national director for the Miss Dominican Republic Universe franchise and has previously

neg: Dominican Republic–Haiti relations people of Haitian ancestry in the Dominican Republic effectively stateless, restricting their access to health care, education and employment opportunities. Though migration from Haiti to the Dominican Republic is economically beneficial to both countries, it is one of the leading contributors to tension between the two countries as well; illegal immigration from Haiti resonates high dissonance with the Dominican people. It has led to anti-Haitian feelings and mistrust of the Haitian people. Another problem with Haitian migration into Dominican Republic is that it blurs the line of citizenship. This factor of migration affects not only Dominican economy but its culture

neg: Republic of Spanish Haiti of export crops. The nation, however, lacked the wherewithal, the enthusiasm, and the discipline to enforce the code”. Haitian rule in the island lasted 22 years. It wasn't until 1844 that independence was possible due to a young Dominican man, Juan Pablo Duarte y Díez. Eventually the Haitian government became very unpopular, due to the severe economic crisis that hit the country after paying a huge indemnity to France, and gave rise to many anti-Haitian plots. It lasted until 1844, when the independent nation of the Dominican Republic was established. Republic of Spanish Haiti The Republic of Spanish Haiti (),

neg: History of Haiti him to mount several invasions of the Dominican Republic. The new emperor had been called a "rey de farsa" by the Dominicans. The white and mulatto rulers of the Dominican Republic he considered as his "natural" enemies, and he could never consolidate his rule without this conquest, for his reign had been founded on domination and would stand only by it. When in 1849 Soulouque led his first invasion into the Dominican Republic, President Buenaventura Báez declared war on Haiti. The invasion included two marine campaigns. Soulouque launched his last campaign in December 1855. In January of the following year,

neg: 2013 Dominican Republic–Haiti diplomatic crisis 2013 Dominican Republic–Haiti diplomatic crisis The Dominican Republic (DR) and Haiti experienced a diplomatic crisis in 2013. The principal point of conflict was an issue of trade restrictions, but it unfolded against the background of the DR's attempt to return thousands of DR residents of Haitian descent to Haiti. More than 3,000 Haitians had been expelled from the DR in the first half of the year. On June 6, 2013, Haiti imposed a ban on the importation of chickens and eggs from the DR, citing indications that there was an outbreak of bird flu there. DR officials said other types

neg: Dominican Republic–Haiti relations developmental element to foster peace, as well as strengthening friendship and mutual respect between the two peoples. With the support of the Dominican ministry of Sports, the president of the Dominican Baseball Federation (FEDOBE) was thankful and quoted saying "it allows our federation to fulfill the dream of helping Haiti in baseball." He has pledged to put the Haitian Baseball Federation in relation to the international organizations. Coaches will be sent to Haiti for technical courses, referees and scorers by the Dominican Baseball Federation, while the Haitian Federation will support the logistics in the training and training programs. Dominican Republic–Haiti

neg: Tropical Depression Nine (2003) tropical storm watch was issued from Haiti's border with the Dominican Republic westward to Port-au-Prince. The United States' National Hurricane Center in Miami recommended interests in eastern Cuba to monitor the progress of the storm. When the depression was 205 miles (330 km) south-southeast of Santo Domingo, the Dominican Republic issued a tropical storm warning from Punta Palenque to its border with Haiti. While located 155 miles (250 km) from the coast of Hispaniola, the government of the Dominican Republic extended the tropical storm warning eastward to Isla Saona, while the government of Haiti upgraded its watch area to a

neg: Ecumenical Center for Human Rights Ecumenical Center for Human Rights The Ecumenical Center for Human Rights (Centre Oecumenique des Droits de L'Homme) is a human rights organisation founded in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic in 1979 to monitor the situation in Haiti under the dictatorship of Jean-Claude Duvalier. The center became a leading critic of the abject living conditions of Haitian cane cutters in the Dominican Republic, known as "Braceros". When in 1980, the center's Director was barred from Dominican Republic, its activities were transferred to San Juan, Puerto Rico. From 1986 onwards it has been based in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. The Director, Jean-Claude Bajeux, was forced

neg: Spanish occupation of the Dominican Republic Spanish occupation of the Dominican Republic In 1861, Dominican general Pedro Santana suggested retaking control of the Dominican Republic to queen Isabella II of Spain, after a period of 17 years of Dominican sovereignty. Newly independent Dominican Republic was economically recovering from the recently ended Dominican War of Independence (1844–1856), when the Republic won its independence against Haiti. Spanish crown and authorities, which scorned and rejected the peace treaties signed after the dismantling of some of its colonies in the Spanish West Indies some 50 years prior, welcomed his proposal and set to reestablish the colony. The end of the

neg: Spanish occupation of the Dominican Republic killed or wounded in action. The 12,000 pro-Spanish southern forces recruited by Santana had also suffered about 10,000 casualties. The fatal losses among the Cibao-based nationalist armies were estimated at 4,000. Spanish occupation of the Dominican Republic In 1861, Dominican general Pedro Santana suggested retaking control of the Dominican Republic to queen Isabella II of Spain, after a period of 17 years of Dominican sovereignty. Newly independent Dominican Republic was economically recovering from the recently ended Dominican War of Independence (1844–1856), when the Republic won its independence against Haiti. Spanish crown and authorities, which scorned and rejected the peace treaties

neg: Hurricane Cleo and quickly intensified to a tropical storm again on September 1. The following day, Cleo became a hurricane again, but it remained well offshore and did not cause any further damage. Cleo was last noted on September 5 northeast of Newfoundland. Early on August 21 hurricane warnings were in effect for Barbados and the Windward Islands. On August 22 hurricane warnings were in effect for Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands, with hurricane watches in effect for Haiti and the Dominican Republic. By August 23, hurricane watches remained in effect for Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Hurricane warnings were issued

neg: Hurricane Jeanne strength on September 16 near the eastern tip of the Dominican Republic on the island of Hispaniola, but fell back to tropical storm strength later that day as it moved across the mountainous island. Jeanne moved offshore the Dominican Republic late in the afternoon of September 17. By that time, Jeanne had weakened to tropical depression strength. Even though Jeanne did not strike Haiti directly, the storm was large enough to cause flooding and mudslides, particularly in the northwestern part of the country. On September 18, while the system was being tracked near Great Inagua and Haiti, a new center

neg: Dominican Republic–Haiti relations led to reported concerns among some Dominicans that quake refugees contribute to rising crime, over-crowding, cholera and unemployment. More and more discrimination has been attributed to the massive numbers of Haitian refugees in the Dominican Republic. Over the past years tensions have risen, causing the International Organization for Migration to offer Haitians $50 each plus additional relocation assistance to return to Haiti. More than 1,500 have accepted that assistance and returned. The baseball federations of the Dominican Republic and Haiti have agreed to develop and promote baseball in Haiti (especially at the border), on the basis that sport is a

neg: 2013 Dominican Republic–Haiti diplomatic crisis implementation of the court ruling was harshly criticized by NGO human rights offices, by 15 countries in the Caribbean Community (Caricom) and by the United Nations. Amnesty International said the DR had "effectively wiped four generations of Dominicans off the map". 2013 Dominican Republic–Haiti diplomatic crisis The Dominican Republic (DR) and Haiti experienced a diplomatic crisis in 2013. The principal point of conflict was an issue of trade restrictions, but it unfolded against the background of the DR's attempt to return thousands of DR residents of Haitian descent to Haiti. More than 3,000 Haitians had been expelled from the DR

neg: Haitians in the Dominican Republic Dominican Republic after 1929 but are descended from undocumented immigrants from Haiti. Many of the Dominican Republic-born do not have Haitian citizenship and have never been to Haiti; the decision rendered them at least temporarily stateless. Some Haitians began leaving voluntarily or in response to ethnic violence. The government set a deadline of June 17, 2015 for affected people to leave the Dominican Republic, as nighttime "bandits" threatened Haitians with violence and deportation; by August 2015 "hundreds" had been deported. Almost 75% of the Haitians living in the Dominican Republic have been residing in the country for less than 10

neg: 1895 Dominican Republic arbitration referendum 1895 Dominican Republic arbitration referendum A four-part referendum on arbitration over a border dispute with Haiti was held in the Dominican Republic on 2 June 1895. Voters were asked whether an arbitration tribunal should be established, whether the Pope would be an appropriate arbitrator, what compensation Haiti should receive if the outcome was favourable to the Dominican Republic, and whether the government should comply with the tribunal outcome if it was unfavourable to the Dominican Republic. All four proposals were approved by voters. As a result of the referendum, the two countries signed an arbitration agreement on 3 July 1895.

neg: Dajabón Province Dajabón Province Dajabón () is a province of the Dominican Republic, on the border with Haiti. Its capital city is also called Dajabón. It was split from Monte Cristi province in 1938, and was called "Libertador" until 1961. It is located in the northwestern part of the country, and is surrounded by the provinces Monte Cristi (north), Santiago Rodríguez (east) and Elías Piña (south). To the west, Dajabón borders the Republic of Haiti. The province takes its name from the Taíno name of the region, Dahaboon; it was also the name of the main river of the region (the Dajabón

neg: Hispaniola Rico. The island has the largest economy in the Greater Antilles, however most of the economic development is found in the Dominican Republic, the Dominican economy being nearly 800% larger than the Haitian economy. The estimated annual per capita income is US$1,300 in Haiti and US$8,200 in Dominican Republic. The divergence between the level of economic development between Haiti and Dominican Republic makes its border the higher contrast of all western land borders and is evident that the Dominican Republic has one of the highest migration issues in the Americas. The island also has an economic history and current day

neg: Episcopal Diocese of the Dominican Republic of the Independent Haitian Episcopal Church. The American Episcopal Church began missionary work in the Dominican Republic when the country was occupied by the United States Marine Corps. William Wyllie, who arrived in 1918, and Archibald Beer, who arrived in 1920, were the first missionaries. The bishops of Puerto Rico and Haiti supervised the mission territory from 1918 to 1960. The Missionary District of the Dominican Republic was established by the General Convention in 1940. Paul Axtell Kellogg became the first resident Bishop of the Dominican Republic in 1960. The Dominican Republic became a missionary diocese in 1970, and it

neg: Dominican Republic–Haiti relations issues in the Americas. Some cross-border cooperation exists in areas such as health, business, and infrastructure. Many Haitians travel to the Dominican Republic to find seasonal or long-term work in order to send remittances to their families. Some of these Haitian workers, as well as Dominicans of Haitian descent have reported complaints of discrimination against them by the Dominican majority population. Other Haitians who would seek work, instead remain in Haiti, fearing discrimination on the other side of the border. Migration has been taking place since the 1920s, when Haitian laborers were actively encouraged to come work in the thriving

neg: Quadripoint the Hungarian counties of Baranya and Bács-Kiskun meet the Croatian county of Osječko-Baranjska and the Serbian (Vojvodina) District of West Bačka (although Croatia continues to claim its former Yugoslav cadastral territory east of the Danube, leaving the quadripoint technically unsettled). On the border of the Dominican Republic and Haiti, there is a binational quadripoint where two departments of Haiti, Centre and Ouest, meet two provinces of the Dominican Republic, Elias Pina and Independencia, at the ridgeline of a feature that is called the Sierra de Neiba in the Dominican Republic and the Chaine du Trou de l'Eau in Haiti, and

neg: Dominican Republic–Haiti relations as well. After the devastating earthquake of 12 January 2010, countless Haitians fled across the border to escape the quake's effects. The Dominican government was one of the first to send teams to help distribute food and medicine to the victims and made it easier for Haitians to acquire visas to receive treatment in Dominican hospitals. Supplies were transported to Haiti through the Dominican Republic, and many injured Haitians have been treated in Dominican hospitals. Haitian refugees were also taken in and supported by many Dominicans, though relations deteriorated as the refugees have remained in the Dominican Republic. This has

neg: Pedernales, Dominican Republic in the south extreme between Haiti and Dominican Republic. Its location over a number of rain shadows through the highlands of Hispaniola from the northeasterly trade winds gives Pedernales a semi-arid climate (Köppen "BSh"). Rainfall is highest in September and October when tropical cyclones may strike the whole island, and temperatures are generally warmer during the day than in much of the tropics. Pedernales, Dominican Republic The Dominican city of Pedernales is the capital of the Pedernales Province, in the Dominican Republic. It is located in the southwest of the country, on the border, and has a crossing to the

neg: Geography of Haiti area of 25 km. Geography of Haiti The Republic of Haiti comprises the western three-eighths of the island of Hispaniola, west of the Dominican Republic. Haiti is positioned east of the neighboring island of Cuba, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean. Haiti's geographic coordinates are at a longitude of 72° 25′ west and a latitude of 19° 00′ north. Haiti's total area is , of which is land and is water. Haiti has of coastline and a -border with the Dominican Republic. The climate is tropical with some variation depending on altitude. Port-au-Prince ranges in January from

neg: Geography of Haiti Geography of Haiti The Republic of Haiti comprises the western three-eighths of the island of Hispaniola, west of the Dominican Republic. Haiti is positioned east of the neighboring island of Cuba, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean. Haiti's geographic coordinates are at a longitude of 72° 25′ west and a latitude of 19° 00′ north. Haiti's total area is , of which is land and is water. Haiti has of coastline and a -border with the Dominican Republic. The climate is tropical with some variation depending on altitude. Port-au-Prince ranges in January from an average minimum of

neg: Telephone numbers in the Dominican Republic other countries the international prefix used in the originating country must be dialled before the "1". Area code 809 was created on January 1, 1958. Initially, the 809 area-code was used for all of the Caribbean, with the exception of Cuba, Haiti, Aruba, the Netherlands Antilles, and the French West Indies. On March 1, 1996, area code 809 was split and eventually just assigned to the Dominican Republic. Following the departure of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines from 809 in 1999, no other countries use the legacy 809 area code. Today, area code 809 and its overlay area codes, 829

neg: Sacha Thébaud encourage and compliment fellow artists. He, along with Marie-José Nadal of Haiti and Paris, and Marianne de Tolentino and Danilo de los Santos of the Dominican Republic, received a collaborative grant from the Getty Foundation to research and write a book on the combined art of Haiti and the Dominican Republic. The survivors of this project anticipate the printing of the book in the near future. Concerned for his fellow humanity and planet, he was active in reforesting Haiti and the Dominican Republic. In the '70's, soon after the Haitian government disapproved a hillside community in Turgeau that he had

neg: The Birds of Haiti and the Dominican Republic including Gonave, Tortue, Grande Cayemite, Saona, and Navassa. The rest of the book comprises individual accounts of the bird species recorded from Hispaniola, ending with a comprehensive bibliography and index. The Birds of Haiti and the Dominican Republic The Birds of Haiti and the Dominican Republic is a book published as no.155 in the zoological monograph series "Bulletin of the United States National Museum". It was authored by Alexander Wetmore, with the assistance of Bradshaw H. Swales, and was published by the Smithsonian Institution in Washington DC in 1931. It is in octavo format (248 x 156 mm) and contains

neg: The Birds of Haiti and the Dominican Republic The Birds of Haiti and the Dominican Republic The Birds of Haiti and the Dominican Republic is a book published as no.155 in the zoological monograph series "Bulletin of the United States National Museum". It was authored by Alexander Wetmore, with the assistance of Bradshaw H. Swales, and was published by the Smithsonian Institution in Washington DC in 1931. It is in octavo format (248 x 156 mm) and contains iv + 484 pages bound in a grey paper cover. It includes 26 black-and-white plates, both of paintings of the birds by Allan Brooks, and of photographs of the habitat.

neg: Eleutherodactylus wetmorei logging and agriculture. It is known from several protected areas, but most of them are in need of better management. Eleutherodactylus wetmorei Eleutherodactylus wetmorei is a species of frog in the Eleutherodactylidae family. It is endemic to Hispaniola and occurs in both the Dominican Republic and Haiti. Specifically, it occurs on the Tiburon Peninsula (Haiti) and east to the Massif de la Selle in the southwestern Dominican Republic, and on the Massif du Nord in north-central Haiti east to west-central Dominican Republic. Its natural habitats are mesic broadleaf forests. It is an arboreal species occurring bromeliads and other plants, and

neg: Eleutherodactylus wetmorei Eleutherodactylus wetmorei Eleutherodactylus wetmorei is a species of frog in the Eleutherodactylidae family. It is endemic to Hispaniola and occurs in both the Dominican Republic and Haiti. Specifically, it occurs on the Tiburon Peninsula (Haiti) and east to the Massif de la Selle in the southwestern Dominican Republic, and on the Massif du Nord in north-central Haiti east to west-central Dominican Republic. Its natural habitats are mesic broadleaf forests. It is an arboreal species occurring bromeliads and other plants, and also in leaf axils of bananas plantations. Eggs are laid in bromeliads. It is threatened by habitat loss caused by

neg: Women in the Americas the Dominican Republic have an attitude that is known as "machista" behavior, where women understood and to a certain degree accepted the "machismo" nature of Dominican Republic men. By tradition, Dominican Republic women are expected to be submissive housewives. Similarly, women in Haiti have equal constitutional rights as men in the economic, political, cultural and social fields, as well as in the family. However, the reality in Haiti is quite far from the law: "political, economic and social features of Haiti negatively affect most Haitians, but Haitian women experience additional barriers to the full enjoyment of their basic rights due

neg: Dominican Republic–Haiti relations the loss of the eastern, Spanish-speaking two-thirds of the island of Hispaniola. On March 9, 1849, President Faustin Soulouque of Haiti led 10,000 troops in an invasion of the Dominican Republic. Soulouque's forces were defeated and had to retreat, leaving a path of pillage and destruction in their wake. Dominican President Buenaventura Báez launched a naval offensive against Haiti to forestall the threat of another invasion. His seamen under the French adventurer, Fagalde, raided the Haitian coasts, plundered seaside villages, as far as Cape Dame Marie, and butchered crews of captured enemy ships. Fagalde left the southern coast of Haiti

neg: Sexual violence in Haiti the bordering Dominican Republic. Haitian children are trafficked into the Dominican Republic for use as slaves in work including child prostitution; they are sometimes kidnapped, or their families may be swindled into handing them over to traffickers. Haitian children may also be used in sex tourism inside Haiti, forced into prostitution for foreigners. Dominican women have also reportedly been trafficked into Haiti for forced prostitution. It is rare for human traffickers to be prosecuted in Haiti because the country does not have laws specifically banning the practice, and those laws that could be used against traffickers go unenforced. Efforts to

neg: Armed Forces of the Dominican Republic group is highly trained in counter-terrorism missions. The armed forces participate fully in counter-illegal drug trade efforts, for this task, there is a taskforce known as DEPROSER 24/7 (DEfender, PROteger y SERvir). They also are active in efforts to control contraband and illegal immigration from Haiti to the Dominican Republic and from the Dominican Republic to the United States (via illegal transportation of immigrants to Puerto Rico). Haiti under their president Jean-Pierre Boyer had invaded and occupied Dominican Republic from 1822 to 1844. The military forces of the First Republic's army comprised about 4,000 soldiers organized into seven line infantry

neg: 1895 Dominican Republic arbitration referendum However, the Vatican declined the request, noting that it was "restricted to the simple interpretation of Article 4 of the Treaty of 1874." Subsequently the countries agreed to form a mixed demarcation commission on 28 May 1899. 1895 Dominican Republic arbitration referendum A four-part referendum on arbitration over a border dispute with Haiti was held in the Dominican Republic on 2 June 1895. Voters were asked whether an arbitration tribunal should be established, whether the Pope would be an appropriate arbitrator, what compensation Haiti should receive if the outcome was favourable to the Dominican Republic, and whether the government should

neg: Dominican peso Dominican peso The Dominican peso is the currency of the Dominican Republic (). Its symbol is "$", with "RD$" used when distinction from other pesos (or dollars) is required; its ISO 4217 code is "DOP". Each peso is divided into 100 "centavos" ("cents"), for which the ¢ symbol is used. It is the only currency that is legal tender in the Dominican Republic for all monetary transactions, whether public or private. The first Dominican peso was introduced with the country's independence from Haiti in 1844. It replaced the Haitian gourde at par and was divided into 8 "reales". The Dominican

neg: Mister Dominican Republic International Haiti and Mister International USA. The winner of Mister Dominican Republic represents Dominican Republic at the Mister International. On occasion, when the winner does not qualify (due to age) for either contest, a runner-up is sent. Mister República Dominicana Universe Model is a model pageant to select its winner to the Men Universe Model. The pageant previously named Mister Universe Model then renamed Men Universe Model since 2013. Mister República Dominicana Universe Model collaborates MEN UNIVERSE MODEL Company to held one of the most prestigious male international pageant in the world in the Dominican Republic. This pageant leads by

neg: Slavery in Haiti in the 1970s and 80s, he sold Haitians at bulk rates to work on sugar plantations in the Dominican Republic. Most people who move across the border are women and girls. The migration of Haitian women to the Dominican Republic is intrinsically linked to the "feminization of migrations" which is in turn part of the "new Haitian immigration," brought about by changes in labor markets as well as by the fragile situation of women and their families in Haiti. Women migrants are particularly vulnerable to human trafficking, violence and illicit smuggling. When attempting to cross the border, Haitian women are

neg: Deforestation in Haiti of this charcoal is destined for Puerto Rico and the United States mainland, although a small amount crosses over the border into Haiti. Some estimates calculate the illegal movement of 115 tons of charcoal per week from the Dominican Republic to Haiti in 2014, but these estimates are based on incomplete surveys and the numbers are highly contested. Dominican officials estimate that at least 10 trucks per week are crossing the border loaded with charcoal. Ultimately the uncertainty around how much charcoal is originating from the Dominican Republic will be settled by a nationwide charcoal production and consumption study financed

neg: Dominican Republic hospital in Santo Domingo report that over 22% of childbirths are by Haitian mothers. Haiti also suffers from severe environmental degradation. Deforestation is rampant in Haiti; today less than 4 percent of Haiti's forests remain, and in many places the soil has eroded right down to the bedrock. Haitians burn wood charcoal for 60% of their domestic energy production. Because of Haiti running out of plant material to burn, some Haitian bootleggers have created an illegal market for charcoal on the Dominican side. Conservative estimates calculate the illegal movement of 115 tons of charcoal per week from the Dominican Republic

neg: Cordillera Central, Dominican Republic the Massif de la Selle in Haiti. Cordillera Central, Dominican Republic The Cordillera Central is the highest mountain range in the Dominican Republic and in all of the Caribbean region, running through the heart of the island of Hispaniola. Connected to the Massif du Nord in Haiti, it gradually bends southwards and finishes near the town of San Cristóbal on the Caribbean coastal plains. Because of its altitude, cool temperature, and scenic vistas, the Cordillera Central is also known as the "Dominican Alps". The Cordillera Central is home to the highest peaks in the West Indies: Pico Duarte (3,098 m

neg: 2013 Dominican Republic–Haiti diplomatic crisis a meeting of the Petrocaribe oil alliance nations in Nicaragua. Medina said that Martelly admitted there were no problems with the quality of eggs and chickens from the Dominican Republic and that the ban had been imposed as a matter of economic policy based on Haiti's difficulty in collecting tax revenues associated with the imports. The import ban remained in place. On July 19, the Haitian government prohibited the importation of plastics from the Dominican Republic, arguing that they were not of good quality and that Haiti needed to reduce pollution caused by plastic. On September 23, 2013, the Dominican

neg: Haiti–Taiwan relations commercial office in Haiti in a bid to start the process of formalizing diplomatic relations however it did not come to fruition. Taiwan, in a bid to maintain relations, has offered US$150 Million to Haiti for development of rural power grids, following the destruction of much of the infrastructure in the 2010 Haiti Earthquake. On 28 May 2018, Haitian President Jovenel Moise visited Taiwan following the announcement of the Dominican Republic severing ties with Taiwan. Tsai Ing-wen and Moise discussed developmental aid for Haiti and maintaining relations with Tsai stating “Even though Taiwan and Haiti are separated by large geographic

neg: Afro-Dominicans sport in Haiti. Haitian immigration is the most important of the immigrations to the Dominican Republic since its independence. Haiti is more impoverished than the Dominican Republic. So, in 2003, 80% of all Haitians were poor (54% in extreme poverty) and 47.1% were illiterate. The country of nine million people has a fast-growing population, but over two-thirds of the jobs lack the formal workforce. Haiti's GDP per capita was $1,300 in 2008, or less than one-sixth of the Dominican figure. As a result, hundreds of thousands of Haitians have migrated to the Dominican Republic, with some estimates of 800,000 Haitians

neg: Bahá'í Faith in Haiti some 70 non-Bahá'ís attended and Bahá'í marriage ceremonies were accepted legally. In 1958 Haiti hosted the convention to elect the regional assembly of the Greater Antilles as well as the first international school of the Antilles with attendees from Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, and Haiti. Hand of the Cause Ugo Giachery and then US National Assembly member Glenford Mitchell met with the Antillees assembly as well as giving talks in February 1959 in Haiti. Two conferences on the progress of the religion as well as international schools were again held in Haiti and another set in the Dominican republic

neg: 2007 Caribbean Cup move forward, with Cuba winning the group based on goal differential. The third-place teams (Bermuda, Dominican Republic, and Haiti) were to have been drawn together in Group J. However, Dominican Republic withdrew, leaving Bermuda and Haiti to contest a two-game set. After achieving a 2–0 win in the first match, Haiti were overwhelming favourites in the second match. With Haiti leading by two goals in stoppage time of the second half, a thrilling goal by Éliphène Cadet (to add to his goal in the first match) gave Haiti a 3–0 victory, a 5–0 aggregate win, and with it the final

neg: Tropical Storm Fay (2008) prompting a major flash flood threat. The storm caused minor damage in Dominican Republic including falling trees and flooding, this caused most of the flights into and out of the country to be canceled. At least four people were killed after being swept away by flood waters in the Dominican Republic. In Haiti, Fay's winds and rainfall damaged the agricultural sector, including rice fields and banana crops. One person died after being swept away by flood-waters while trying to cross a swollen river. Two infants were killed when a bus flipped in Haiti. In total, ten deaths were blamed on

neg: Lake Enriquillo Enriquillo is located in a rift valley formed by the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault that extends 79 miles (127 km) from Port-au-Prince Bay in Haiti in the west, to near Neiba Bay in the Dominican Republic in the east. Known as the Hoya de Enriquillo in the Dominican Republic (and as the Plain du Cul-de-Sac in Haiti), parts of the rift valley are below sea level and are covered by large salt lakes. The rift valley, a former marine strait, was created around one million years ago when the water level fell and the strait was filled in by sediments of

neg: Ecumenical Center for Human Rights to flee because of his anti-government activities in 1993, but went back to Haiti following the return of Jean-Bertrand Aristide. The organization is one of the founding members of the Caribbean Human Rights Network. Ecumenical Center for Human Rights The Ecumenical Center for Human Rights (Centre Oecumenique des Droits de L'Homme) is a human rights organisation founded in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic in 1979 to monitor the situation in Haiti under the dictatorship of Jean-Claude Duvalier. The center became a leading critic of the abject living conditions of Haitian cane cutters in the Dominican Republic, known as "Braceros". When in

neg: 2010 Haiti earthquake testimonials circulating after the earthquake across the internet and through social media helped to intensify the reaction of global engagement. Many countries responded to the appeals and launched fund-raising efforts, as well as sending search and rescue teams. The neighbouring Dominican Republic was the first country to give aid to Haiti, sending water, food and heavy-lifting machinery. The hospitals in the Dominican Republic were made available; a combined effort of the Airports Department (DA), together with the Dominican Naval Auxiliaries, the UN and other parties formed the Dominican-Haitian Aerial Support Bridge, making the main Dominican airports available for support operations

neg: Prostitution in the Dominican Republic children from neighbouring Haiti, the rest of the Caribbean, Asia, and South America are trafficked into the country for Forced prostitution. Colombian and Venezuelan women who had been brought into the country to dance in strip clubs are forced to work in prostitution. Dominican women and children are subjected to sex trafficking within the country, neighbouring Haiti, the rest of the Caribbean, Europe, South and Central America, the Middle East, Asia and the United States. After the 2010 Haiti earthquake, many Dominican prostitutes crossed over the border into Haiti, searching out clients amongst the aid workers and UN personnel. Dominican

neg: Artibonite River Artibonite River The Artibonite River is a 320 km long river in Haiti. It is the longest as well as the most important river in Haiti and the longest on the island of Hispaniola. Forming part of the international border between Haiti and the Dominican Republic, the river's sources are in the Cordillera Central in the Dominican Republic, however most of its length lies in Haiti. The river empties into the Gulf of Gonâve. The river is the namesake for the surrounding Artibonite Valley and the Haitian department of Artibonite. The river is used for irrigation and the Peligre Hydroelectric

neg: Haitians in the Dominican Republic Haitians in the Dominican Republic Haitians in the Dominican Republic (Dominico-Haitians) are citizens of ethnic Haitian descent. They may be Dominican citizens, Haitian citizens or non-citizen immigrants. Since the early 20th century, Haitians have made up the largest immigrant population in the Dominican Republic. After the Dominican War of Independence ended, Haitian immigration to the Dominican Republic was focalized in the border area; this immigration was encouraged by the Haitian government and consisted of peasants who crossed the border to the Dominican Republic because of the land scarcity in Haiti; in 1874 the Haitian military occupied La Miel valley and

neg: Health in the Dominican Republic Health in the Dominican Republic Life expectancy in the Dominican Republic was 71 years for men and 77 years for women in 2016. In 2007 the Dominican Republic had a birth rate of 22.91 per 1000 and a death rate of 5.32 per 1000. Youth in the Dominican Republic is the healthiest age group. The prevalence of HIV/AIDS in the Dominican Republic in 2011 stood at approximately 0.7%, which is relatively low by Caribbean standards, with an estimated 62,000 HIV/AIDS-positive Dominicans. In contrast neighboring Haiti has an HIV/AIDS rate more than double that of the Dominican Republic. A mission based

neg: Caribair 2007 the Caribair fleet included the following aircraft: Caribair is the parent company of the Haitian airline Caribintair. Caribair has 6 aircraft in leasing for this airline, operating domestics flights in Haiti, as well as some international flights to Santo Domingo and Santiago, Dominican Republic. They also operate charter flights into Barahona and Dajabon. All Caribintair flights are codeshared by Caribair. Caribair Caribair was an airline based in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. It operated scheduled services within the Dominican Republic and to Haiti, as well as charter flights and air taxi services throughout the Caribbean. Its main base was La

neg: History of the Dominican Republic led to one of the tensest periods in contemporary Haitian-Dominican relations. Bosch supported the efforts of Haitian exiles who trained to overthrow François Duvalier, Haiti's repressive president. In April 1963, former Haitian army officers reportedly tried to kill Duvalier's children, and many of those accused took refuge in the embassies of Latin American countries in Port-au-Prince, the Haitian capital. When Haitian police raided the Dominican embassy and held captive 22 refugees, the Dominican Republic broke off diplomatic relations and threatened to invade Haiti. The OAS mediated the dispute and eased the tension; Dominican troops, ready to invade, pulled back from

neg: Dominican Republic–Haiti relations and foes, constantly vying for dominance of Hispaniola. The conflicts began during the colonial era which developed into military and political conflicts between the two governments. The political division of the island of Hispaniola is due in part to the European struggle for control of the New World during the 17th century, when France and Spain began fighting for control of the island. They resolved their dispute in 1697 by splitting the island into two countries. It was not until the 19th century that Haiti became independent from France on January 1, 1804. Spanish Haiti, the predecessor of the Dominican

neg: Roosevelt Corollary through temporary protectorates, staving off European action—became known as "dollar diplomacy". The Dominican experiment, like most other "dollar diplomacy" arrangements, proved temporary and untenable, and the United States launched a larger military intervention in 1912. U.S. Presidents also cited the Roosevelt Corollary as justification for U.S. intervention in Cuba (1906–1909), Nicaragua (1909–1910, 1912–1925 and 1926–1933), Haiti (1915–1934), and the Dominican Republic (1916–1924). In 1928, under President Calvin Coolidge, the Clark Memorandum—often seen as a partial repudiation of the Roosevelt Corollary—stated that the U.S. did not have the right to intervene when there was a threat by European powers. Herbert Hoover

neg: Dominican Republic Haiti is strained over mass Haitian migration to the Dominican Republic, with citizens of the Dominican Republic blaming the Haitians for increased crime and other social problems. The Dominican Republic is a regular member of the Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie. The Dominican Republic has a Free Trade Agreement with the United States, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua via the Dominican Republic-Central America Free Trade Agreement. And an Economic Partnership Agreement with the European Union and the Caribbean Community via the Caribbean Forum. Congress authorizes a combined military force of 44,000 active duty personnel. Actual active duty

neg: 2010 Haiti earthquake French colony, earthquakes were recorded by French historian Moreau de Saint-Méry (1750–1819). He described damage done by an earthquake in 1751, writing that "only one masonry building had not collapsed" in Port-au-Prince; he also wrote that the "whole city collapsed" in the 1770 Port-au-Prince earthquake. Cap-Haïtien, other towns in the north of Haiti and the Dominican Republic, and the Sans-Souci Palace were destroyed during an earthquake on 7 May 1842. A magnitude 8.0 earthquake struck the Dominican Republic and shook Haiti on 4 August 1946, producing a tsunami that killed 1,790 people and injured many others. Haiti is the poorest

neg: Dominican Republic–Spain relations the Spanish colonial government of Santo Domingo was toppled by a rebel group led by José Núñez de Cáceres. The rebels managed to obtain independence for the colony from Spain in December 1821 and Santo Domingo became known as the Republic of Spanish Haiti. The new government soon introduced a petition for the union of Spanish Haiti with Gran Colombia, however, in February 1822, Haiti invaded and took control of the country. In February 1844, after the Dominican War of Independence, Santo Domingo regained its independence from Haiti. The new country soon amassed a great amount of debt and after

neg: Christian Reformed Church in Haiti United states was held in 1993. The official beginning of the denomination was 1999. It entered into official ecclesiastical fellowship with the Christian Reformed Church in North America in 2011. It has adopted the Heidelberg Catechism and Westminster Confession. It has 26 organised congregations and 7 mission stations with 3,000 members. Christian Reformed Church in Haiti The Christian Reformed Church in Haiti was a mission effort of the Christian Reformed Church in North America and the Christian Reformed Church of the Dominican Republic in 1987. Two pastors were sent to Haiti from Dominican Republic. They were joined by several Haitians

neg: The Farming of Bones to “cleanse the country,” the story soon travels within the Dominican Republic as far as the Massacre River that borders the Dominican Republic and Haiti. Once Amabelle and Yves reach Haiti, the setting is mostly concentrated in the town that Yves is from, "the Cap". Amabelle returns to Dominican Republic briefly and the story ends with her in the Massacre River. "Importance of remembering the past" One of Danticat's major themes is the purpose of the book itself which is to emphasize the importance of remembering the past. Throughout the book the Haitian workers make a point of retelling and

neg: Projects of the Caribbean Community Regional Preference Clause is that allows for the first formal framework for economic integration between Haiti and the Dominican Republic as Haiti is not a part of the CARICOM-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement and there has been no previous free trade agreement between them. Thus all 15 of the current CARICOM member states and the Dominican Republic are now involved in at least one free trade arrangement which covers all 16 countries and territories in one way or another. 13 of the 15 CARICOM countries have signed in 2005 the Petrocaribe, an oil alliance with Venezuela which permits them to

neg: Haitians in the Dominican Republic administrations of Joaquín Balaguer, Antonio Guzmán and Salvador Jorge Blanco, in Dominican Republic, and the Duvaliers, in Haiti, the influx of Haitian labourers was continuous and was increasing. Every year contracts were signed between both countries for the importation of over ten thousand Haitians as temporary workers (although they were rarely returned to their country) in exchange for the payment of millions of dollars. Many Haitians migrate to the Dominican Republic primarily to escape the poverty in Haiti. In 2003, 80% of all Haitians were poor (54% in extreme poverty) and 47.1% were illiterate. The country of nine million people

neg: Air Inter Island Air Inter Island Líneas Aéreas Inter Islas, S.R.L., doing business as Air Inter Island, is a Dominican Republic-based air carrier that operates domestics and international flights in the Dominican Republic and Haiti. The airline was founded August 15, 2003 by Martin Maldonado Frómeta. Following the purchase of a first aircraft, a Britten Norman Islander, series BN-2A-8 on June 8, 2003 in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, the company operates as an "on-demand" charter airline serving the Dominican Republic and Haiti. The airline's initial main route was a daily service between Punta Cana and Samana (Arroyo Barril Airport). On November 27, 2009, Air

neg: Air Inter Island Inter Island received its AOC from the Instituto Dominicano de Aviacion Civil-IDAC. Air Inter Island's main base is at Punta Cana International Airport in Punta Cana, Higuey. As of January 2015 no schedules flights are on offer; only charter-on-demand in the Dominican Republic, and Haiti is available. Air Inter Island Líneas Aéreas Inter Islas, S.R.L., doing business as Air Inter Island, is a Dominican Republic-based air carrier that operates domestics and international flights in the Dominican Republic and Haiti. The airline was founded August 15, 2003 by Martin Maldonado Frómeta. Following the purchase of a first aircraft, a Britten Norman

neg: James Theodore Holly the Episcopal Church in the Dominican Republic (two years before the assassination of General Ulises Heureaux, who had brought relative peace to that portion of the island). Jack Holly died in his diocese, at Port-au-Prince, Haiti on March 13, 1911, several months before the assassinations of Anténor Firmin in Haiti, and strongman Ramón Cáceres in the Dominican Republic. These events plunged the island of Hispaniola into another round of civil war, and eventually led to the United States occupation of the Dominican Republic (1916–24). The bishop is buried on the grounds of St. Vincent’s School for Handicapped Children in Port-au-Prince.

neg: 2010s Haiti cholera outbreak have been affected with cholera, and 9,480 Haitians have died. Latest epidemiological report by WHO in 2018 indicate a total of 812,586 cases of cholera in Haiti since October 2010, resulting in 9,606 deaths. The first case of cholera was reported in the Dominican Republic in mid-November 2010, following the Pan-America Health Organization's prediction. By January 2011, the Dominican Republic had reported 244 cases of cholera. The first man to die of it there died in the province of Altagracia on 23 January 2011. The Dominican Republic was particularly vulnerable to exposure of cholera due to sharing a border with

neg: Geography of the Dominican Republic Geography of the Dominican Republic The Dominican Republic (Spanish: "República Dominicana") is a country in the West Indies that occupies the eastern five-eighths of Hispaniola. It has an area of 48,670 km², including offshore islands. The land border shared with Haiti, which occupies the western three-eighths of the island, is 376 km long. The maximum length, east to west, is 390 km from Punta de Agua to Las Lajas, on the border with Haiti. The maximum width, north to south, is 265 km from Cape Isabela to Cape Beata. The capital, Santo Domingo, is located on the south coast. The

neg: Haiti–Taiwan relations Haiti–Taiwan relations Haiti-Taiwan relations refer to the international relations between Haiti and Taiwan. Haiti recognizes Republic of China over the People's Republic of China as the legitimate government of the Chinese mainland. Haiti maintains a Embassy in Taipei and Taiwan maintains a embassy in Port Au Prince. Haiti recognized Taiwan over China in 1956 and have since maintained formal diplomatic relations with Taiwan. Haiti is one of 18 nations that recognize Taiwan officially. In 2017, Dominican Republic choose to recognize the PRC over ROC, culminating in increased interest in Haiti among Taiwanese and Chinese governments. In 1993, China opened a

neg: Dominican Republic national football team Dominican Republic national football team The Dominican Republic national football team is the national team of Dominican Republic and is controlled by the Dominican Football Federation. The team are a member of the Caribbean Football Union of CONCACAF, the governing body of football in North and Central America and the Caribbean. The Dominican Republic has never qualified for the FIFA World Cup. The Dominican Football Federation was founded in 1953 and joined FIFA in 1959. The national team played their first games in May 1967 – a two-legged qualifier against Haiti for a place in the football at the 1968

neg: Dominican Republic national football team team in the last 12 months. Notes: Dominican Republic national football team The Dominican Republic national football team is the national team of Dominican Republic and is controlled by the Dominican Football Federation. The team are a member of the Caribbean Football Union of CONCACAF, the governing body of football in North and Central America and the Caribbean. The Dominican Republic has never qualified for the FIFA World Cup. The Dominican Football Federation was founded in 1953 and joined FIFA in 1959. The national team played their first games in May 1967 – a two-legged qualifier against Haiti for a

neg: Monte Cristi, Dominican Republic flooding in the Yaque del Norte River, which brings sediment that affects reefs in the area. During the winter, some cold fronts come from North America, with low temperatures and strong northerly winds. It is also common that cold currents coming down from the Arctic seabed emerge when they hit the island shelf. Monte Cristi, Dominican Republic San Fernando de Monte Cristi is the capital of Monte Cristi Province in the Dominican Republic. It is located in the northwest region of the country in the coastal lowlands near the border with Haiti. Monte Cristi was founded by Nicolás de Ovando

neg: Dominican Republic evidence of the army's involvement, the soldiers used edged weapons rather than guns. The soldiers were said to have interrogated anyone with dark skin, using the shibboleth "perejil" (parsley) to distinguish Haitians from Afro-Dominicans when necessary; the 'r' of "perejil" was of difficult pronunciation for Haitians. As a result of the massacre, the Dominican Republic agreed to pay Haiti US$750,000, later reduced to US$525,000. In 1938, reports from the Dominican Republic revealed hundreds more Haitians had been killed and thousands deported. On November 25, 1960, Trujillo killed three of the four Mirabal sisters, nicknamed "Las Mariposas" (The Butterflies). The victims

neg: Haiti–Taiwan relations distance, both share democratic and freedom values, In many areas, both sides have seen the results of the long-term and deep partnership". Haiti–Taiwan relations Haiti-Taiwan relations refer to the international relations between Haiti and Taiwan. Haiti recognizes Republic of China over the People's Republic of China as the legitimate government of the Chinese mainland. Haiti maintains a Embassy in Taipei and Taiwan maintains a embassy in Port Au Prince. Haiti recognized Taiwan over China in 1956 and have since maintained formal diplomatic relations with Taiwan. Haiti is one of 18 nations that recognize Taiwan officially. In 2017, Dominican Republic choose

neg: Miss Dominican Republic that was made 2003 until 2013. Since 1956 they crowned Miss Dominican Republic, Miss Dominican World and Reina Nacional de Belleza Miss República Dominicana together. Then they split up in 2003. In 2011, the Miss Dominican Republic World was given to Dominican designer Diany Mota, along with Miss Dominican Republic International. The Dominican Republic Earth, also known as Miss Tierra República Dominicana, used to be crowned together with the Miss Dominican Republic Universe, Miss Dominica World, and Reina Nacional de Belleza Miss República Dominicana from 2001 to 2003. In 2003, the four beauty pageant titles were split until 2013. The

neg: Dominican Republic–United Kingdom Maritime Boundary Agreement five individual coordinate points. The far western point of the border is a tripoint with Haiti. The treaty has not yet come into force because it has not been ratified by both states. The full name of the treaty is "Agreement between the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of the Dominican Republic concerning the delimitation of the Maritime Boundary between the Dominican Republic and the Turks and Caicos Islands". Dominican Republic–United Kingdom Maritime Boundary Agreement The Dominican Republic – United Kingdom Maritime Boundary Agreement is a 1996 treaty between the Dominican

neg: Haitians in the Dominican Republic aid. Human Rights Watch estimated that 70,000 documented Haitian immigrants and 1,930,000 undocumented immigrants were living in Dominican Republic. Before 2010, the Constitution of the Dominican Republic generally granted citizenship to anyone born in the country, except children of diplomats and persons "in transit". The 2010 constitution was amended to define all undocumented residents as "in transit". On September 23, 2013, the Dominican Republic Constitutional Court issued a ruling that retroactively applied this definition to 1929, the year Haiti and the Dominican Republic formalized the border. The decision stripped Dominican citizenship from about 210,000 people who were born in the

neg: Environmental issues in Haiti that 92% of Haitian households rely on charcoal for cooking, and approximately 10,000 bags of charcoal are burned daily in Haiti. As the amount of plant material to burn in Haiti dwindles, Haitians have created an illegal market for coal on the Dominican side. Conservative estimates calculate the illegal movement of 115 tons of charcoal per week from the Dominican Republic to Haiti in 2014. Dominican officials estimate that at least 10 trucks per week are crossing the border loaded with charcoal. Charcoal production is an extremely inefficient use of wood, with only about 20% of wood actually being converted

neg: CARIFORUM CARIFORUM The Caribbean Forum (CARIFORUM) is a subgroup of the African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States and serves as a base for economic dialogue with the European Union. It was established in 1992. Its membership comprises the 15 Caribbean Community states, along with the Dominican Republic. In 2008, they signed an Economic Partnership Agreement with the European Union, though Guyana and Haiti had expressed reservations and did not attend the signing ceremony. Tensions within the group have grown over issues of trade and immigration; the Dominican Republic, with the group's largest economy, has expressed reservations over its current structure.

neg: Multilateral Investment Fund El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, and Dominican Republic), and Leopard Capital’s Haiti Fund (Haiti). MIF has 39 donating member countries from Latin America and the Caribbean, North America, Europe, and Asia. The Donors Committee governs MIF and approves all projects. Voting shares are based on the contribution amount of each country: Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, France, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Portugal, Spain, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Trinidad and Tobago, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, and Venezuela. Multilateral

neg: Slavery in Haiti other venues) or into sexual slavery as an export. Often, mothers need their young children to help provide for the family, which puts the children in vulnerable positions and allows them to fall prey to predators and traffickers. The number of children smuggled into the Dominican Republic is not known, but a UNICEF estimate placed the number at 2,000 in 2009 alone. Haitian officials report that there are three main fates met by children trafficked out of Haiti: domestic work, prostitution, and organ harvesting. Women from the Dominican Republic have also reportedly been trafficked into Haiti to be sex slaves.

neg: HIV/AIDS in the Dominican Republic HIV/AIDS in the Dominican Republic The Dominican Republic has a 0.7 percent prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS, among the lowest percentage-wise in the Caribbean region. However, it has the second most cases in the Caribbean region in total (behind Haiti), with an estimated 46,000 HIV/AIDS-positive Dominicans as of 2013 (the Dominican Republic is the second most populated Caribbean nation). The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) reports that some urban areas of the Dominican Republic have HIV/AIDS infection rates well in excess of 10%. In some parts of the Dominican Republic, HIV/AIDS has become one of the leading cause of death

neg: Artibonite River Dam situated on it produces Haiti's supply of hydroelectricity. In October 2010, following a fatal cholera outbreak (the first in generations) in the Haitian headwaters of the river, locals were alerted that drinking untreated water from this river may spread the disease. Artibonite River The Artibonite River is a 320 km long river in Haiti. It is the longest as well as the most important river in Haiti and the longest on the island of Hispaniola. Forming part of the international border between Haiti and the Dominican Republic, the river's sources are in the Cordillera Central in the Dominican Republic,

neg: 1958 Atlantic hurricane season , as measured by the Hurricane Hunters. At that intensity, the hurricane passed just south of the Dominican Republic before making landfall in southwestern Haiti. In the Dominican Republic, heavy rainfall and floods caused $100,000 in damage, mostly in the country's southwestern portion. Heavy rainfall caused widespread flooding in southwestern Haiti, and thousands of people became homeless after their houses were damaged. Near Les Cayes, 30 people were killed due to flash flooding. After affecting Haiti, Ella weakened to a Category 1 hurricane before moving ashore in southeastern Cuba early on September 2. While traversing the island, Ella weakened to

neg: Dominican Republic among other cities, and quickly assimilated due to similar culture. Before and during World War II, 800 Jewish refugees moved to the Dominican Republic. Numerous immigrants have come from other Caribbean countries, as the country has offered economic opportunities. There are about 32,000 Jamaicans living in the Dominican Republic. There is an increasing number of Puerto Rican immigrants, especially in and around Santo Domingo; they are believed to number around 10,000. There are over 700,000 people of Haitian descent, including a generation born in the Dominican Republic. Haiti is the neighboring nation to the Dominican Republic and is considerably poorer,

neg: Music of the Dominican Republic gained wide acceptance, not only in the Dominican Republic, but worldwide. One of the most popular bands making bachata music was the former band Aventura, which split in 2011. Dominican rock is also popular among younger and older crowds of the Dominican Republic. Dominican rock is influenced by British and American rock, but also has its own sense of unique style. The rock scene in the Dominican Republic has been very vibrant in recent years, spanning many genres of rock such as pop rock, reggae/rock, punk, metal. Dominican rock had started its scene in the early 1980s, when Luis Días

neg: Afro-Dominicans since Dominican public hospitals cannot deny medical services based on nationality or legal status. Statistics from a hospital in Santo Domingo report that over 22% of births are to Haitian mothers. Historically, Haiti was wealthier than the Dominican Republic. However, the lack of free lands in Haiti, as land was held by a small group of landlords, motivated Haitian peasants to settle in the borderland region, within the Dominican Republic. Through the years, especially after 1899, the Haitian government claimed the territory populated by Haitians, and under a treaty in 1929 several towns and cities in Central Hispaniola officially became