query: first city in europe with electric street lights

pos: Street light Africa to have electric street lights - with 16 first lit on 2 September 1882. In Central America, San Jose, Costa Rica lit 25 lamps powered by a hydroelectric plant on August 9, 1884. Nürnberg was the first city in Germany to have electric public lighting on 07th June 1882, followed by Berlin on 20th September 1882 (Potsdamer Platz only). Timișoara, in present-day Romania, was the first city in the Austrian-Hungarian Monarchy to have electric public lighting on 12 November 1884. 731 lamps were used. In 1886, the tiny, isolated mining town of Waratah in NW Tasmania was the first

pos: Street light Africa to have electric street lights - with 16 first lit on 2 September 1882. In Central America, San Jose, Costa Rica lit 25 lamps powered by a hydroelectric plant on August 9, 1884. Nürnberg was the first city in Germany to have electric public lighting on 07th June 1882, followed by Berlin on 20th September 1882 (Potsdamer Platz only). Timișoara, in present-day Romania, was the first city in the Austrian-Hungarian Monarchy to have electric public lighting on 12 November 1884. 731 lamps were used. In 1886, the tiny, isolated mining town of Waratah in NW Tasmania was the first

pos: History of Timișoara in the city. The Hungarian city of Temesvár became the first European city to have electric street lights in 1884, while the trams became electric in 1899 (after Bucharest in 1884). Temesvár was also the first city in the Kingdom of Hungary and later Romania to have an ambulance station. After World War I, following an ephemerous pro-Hungary Banat Republic, and a several occupation by the Serbian Army, Timișoara was incorporated into the Kingdom of Romania in 1919 together with most of the Banat region. In December 1989 a popular uprising began in Timișoara against the Communist regime of Nicolae

pos: Timișoara introduced. It was the first city in Austria-Hungary with street lighting, and the first city in mainland Europe illuminated by electric light. The Bega river was also channelled during this time. It was the first navigable canal on current Romanian territory. This way, Timișoara had contact with Europe, and even with the rest of the world through the Black Sea, leading to the local development of commercialism. In the 19th century, the railway system of the Hungarian Kingdom reached Timișoara. Timișoara was the first city in the country with international routes economic boom as the amount of foreign investment, especially

neg: Greater Chennai Corporation drains. Street lamps in the city were introduced in 1785. Until the introduction of electric street lighting, the street lighting was done by oil lights. Till 1857, there were only 200 oil light lamps. By the year 1910, this was increased to 6,500. In 1910, electric street lighting was introduced. By 1924–1925, all the oil lights in the streets of the city were completely replaced by electric lights. The Corporation also maintains 264 high-mast lights and 133 8-meter and 12-meter lamp posts with cluster lights at important junctions. The Corporation owns 22 hydraulic vehicles for attending maintenance work to streetlights.

neg: Street light was Mosley Street, in Newcastle upon Tyne. The street was lit for one night by Joseph Swan's incandescent lamp on 3 February 1879. Consequently, Newcastle has the first city street in the world to be lit by electric lighting. The first city in the United States to successfully demonstrate electric lighting was Cleveland, Ohio with 12 electric lights around the Public Square road system on 29 April 1879. Wabash, Indiana lit 4 Brush arc lamps with 3,000 candlepower each, suspended over their courthouse on 2 February 1880. Kimberley, South Africa, was the first city in the Southern Hemisphere and in

neg: St. Edward's Catholic Church records and vestments The church received electric lights in 1883. Electric current to the church was supplied by the Edison Electric Illuminating Company of Shamokin. It was claimed to be the first church in the world with electric lighting, although according to records of an Edison museum, St. Edward's was preceded in that regard by the City Temple church in London and a church in Roselle, New Jersey. The lights were first turned on September 22, 1883. The complete electrical project was engineered and supervised by Thomas Edison. The church is located at Shamokin Street and Webster Street near downtown

neg: Street light Spain and commemorates the date of the birth of his daughter, the Infanta Luisa Fernanda, Duchess of Montpensier. The first electric street lighting employed arc lamps, initially the 'Electric candle', 'Jablotchkoff candle' or 'Yablochkov candle' developed by a Russian, Pavel Yablochkov, in 1875. This was a carbon arc lamp employing alternating current, which ensured that both electrodes were consumed at equal rates. In 1876, the common council of the City of Los Angeles ordered four arc lights installed in various places in the fledgling town for street lighting. On 30 May 1878, the first electric street lights in Paris were

neg: São Paulo Tramway, Light and Power Company the first electric street lights on Rua Barão de Itapetininga. In 1906 the company constructed a reservoir at Guarapiranga. In 1907 they installed 50 more lights on Rua Direita, Rua 15 de Novembro, and Rua São Bento. The company signed a contract with the state of São Paulo for the first time in 1911. By 1916 they had installed 8,605 gas lights and 864 electric street lamps in the city. SPTL&P's tramways were acquired by Companhia Municipal de Transportes Coletivos in 1946, SPTL&P line disappeared in the early 1960s and eventually the city's remaining tram routes by 1968 with buses

neg: History of street lighting in the United States out. After the invention of gas lighting by William Murdoch in 1792, cities in Britain began to light their streets using gas. The United States followed suit shortly afterwards with the introduction of gas lighting to Pelham Street in Newport, Rhode Island in 1803. Throughout the 19th century, the use of gas lighting increased. Some locations in the US still use gas lights. After Thomas Edison pioneered electric use, light bulbs were developed for the streetlights as well. The first city to use electric street lights was Wabash, Indiana. Charles F. Brush of Cleveland, Ohio wanted to publicly test his

neg: Technological and industrial history of Canada smooth-bore muzzle-loading and the 9-pound rifled muzzle-loading (RML) guns. Public electric lighting received its first Canadian demonstration in Manitoba at the Davis House hotel on Main Street, Winnipeg, March 12, 1873. In 1880, the Manitoba Electric and Gas Light Company was incorporated to provide public lighting and power and in 1893 the Winnipeg Electric Street Railway Company was established. Halifax had electric lights installed by the Halifax Electric Light Company Limited in 1881. The year 1883 saw the introduction of electric street lighting in Victoria, the first city in British Columbia to get public electric power. Vancouver got electricity in

neg: Ante Šupuk to the city with an long 3 kV power line, where it was transformed to 110 V. On August 28, 1895 the first electric street lights lit up in Šibenik. This achievement made Šibenik the third city in the world with alternating current-powered street lights. In 1904, Šupuk's company built a new power plant, Jaruga II, still operational today. Ante Šupuk Ante Šupuk (21 August 1838 – 11 May 1904) was a Croatian politician and entrepreneur who served as a mayor of Šibenik. In 1895 he built the Jaruga Hydroelectric Power Plant as one of the world's first hydroelectric power

neg: Potsdamer Platz (Prinz-Albrecht-Straße), also by Colditz, that had been built for the Preußischer Landtag (the Prussian Lower House), in 1892-9. Potsdamer Platz was also the location of Germany's first electric street lights, installed in 1882 by the electrical giant Siemens, founded and based in the city. The heyday of Potsdamer Platz was in the 1920s and 1930s. By this time it had developed into the busiest traffic center in all of Europe, and the heart of Berlin's nightlife. It had acquired an iconic status, on a par with Piccadilly Circus in London or Times Square in New York. It was a key

neg: Concession Street (Hamilton, Ontario) rapidly.' They never got their wish. They also stated at the time that 'the mountain was lacking adequate garbage collection, water supply and a sewage system'. Electric street lighting was another issue of the day as the only lighting they were getting were from city lights coming in from lower city Hamilton. In 1924 the city of Hamilton agreed to add more street lights to the mountain in an area bounded by Fennell Avenue (south), the escarpment (north), Ontario Hospital on West 5th Street (west) and Upper Gage Avenue (east). Street lights on every second pole. In 1927 the HSR

neg: Graaff Electric Lighting Works Graaff Electric Lighting Works The Graaff Electric Lighting Works power station is a decommissioned Hydro-electric and steam power plant located in Cape Town, South Africa at the site of the Molteno Dam. The plant was the first hydro-electric plant in South Africa and first power plant in Cape Town. It was the second electric power plant in South Africa. The city of Kimberly had power to light up its street lights in 1882. The Graaff Electrice Lighting Works power plant was commissioned by the Cape Town City Council in April 1895 after the completion of the Molteno Reservoir that was

neg: Street light to have electrically powered street lighting in Australia. On 9 December 1882, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia was introduced to electricity by having a demonstration of 8 arc lights, erected along Queen Street Mall. The power to supply these arc lights was taken from a 10hp Crompton DC generator driven by a Robey steam engine in a small foundry in Adelaide Street and occupied by J. W. Sutton and Co. The lamps were erected on cast iron standards, 20 ft in height. In 1888 Tamworth, New South Wales, Australia became the first city in the Southern Hemisphere to have permanent electric street

neg: Karangahape Road lamps. In 1935 the whole street was lit by electric lights under the shop awnings to create a "Community Lighting" project referred to as the "Great White Way". Activated by the Mayor Sir Ernest Davis this created a mile of lit-up shop fronts which added to the glamour of late night shopping. In 1948 the second set of traffic lights in Auckland (and the first lights to have pedestrian phases) were installed at the Pitt Street intersection. In 1949 the street lamps were fitted with the first fluorescent street lights in New Zealand. The Karangahape Road Business Association (KBA) had

neg: HP Nielsen Augusta, Ella, and Adolph still lived. Nielsen joined the Alameda Fire Department in 1890 as the "first paid Alameda city fireman." He served as engineer of the Encinal Steamer No. 1, a horse-drawn engine with a steam pumper. Nielsen's idiosyncratic methods made an impression on his fellow firefighters: In 1901, Nielsen left the Fire Department to become the first engineer at the Alameda Electric Light Plant. Alameda Municipal Power is the oldest municipal electrical utility west of the Mississippi, and from 1887 until 1902 provided Alameda with electric street lights. In 1902, the Alameda Electric Light Plant sub-station also began

neg: Augusta Canal Lombard Ironworks; many other plants opened or expanded. Many people who lived on farms moved to the city to work at the mills, including women and children. The factories led to the rise of mill villages in their precincts. In the 1890s, the city replaced its old water pumping station with impressive structure at mid-canal that is still used by the city of Augusta today. As the electric age began to dawn, Augusta began to turn the canal's falling water power to drive the first electrical generation equipment. By 1892, Augusta boasted both electric streetcars and street lights — the

neg: Tamworth, New South Wales Tamworth, New South Wales Tamworth is a city and the major regional centre in the New England region of northern New South Wales, Australia. Situated on the Peel River within the local government area of Tamworth Regional Council, approximately 318 kilometres from the Queensland border, it is located almost midway between Brisbane and Sydney. According to the 2016 Census, the city had a population of approximately 60,000. The Kamilaroi people are the traditional custodians of Tamworth. The city is known as the "First town of Lights", being the first place in Australia to use electric street lights in 1888. Tamworth

neg: Spencer Street Power Station 2006 and was completed in 2008. Spencer Street Power Station was built by the City of Melbourne to supply electricity to the city. Arthur James Arnot designed and managed Spencer Street power station from 1894–1901 for the Melbourne City council. A Station:- The first power plant consisted of 24 General Electric direct current (DC) generators installed in four groups of six. Each group was belt driven by a 300HP Austral Otis horizontal compound slow speed steam engine. The terminal voltage was 3 kV DC and the electricity was used for street lights, trams, lifts and city buildings. Steam was supplied

neg: William Joseph Hammer sign using incandescent electric lights. He was chief engineer when the English Edison Electric Light company built a central station in London to power 3,000 incandescent lamps on the Holborn Viaduct. This was the first large scale demonstration of a central station powering incandescent lighting, preceding the Pearl Street Station in New York City. Hammer invented the electric advertising sign, by constructing a ten foot long, four foot high sign with 12 bulbs for each letter of the name "Edison," which had a rotating drum switch to light the letters one by one and then all at once. It was

neg: Coorparoo Substation No. 210 Office, the latter becoming the first consumer to be supplied by an electrical supply undertaking in Australia. Barton and White's Direct Current (DC) dynamo produced 100 volts to power the post office's arc lights. By 1896 Barton and White had become the Brisbane Electric Supply Company. In 1904 the latter became the City Electric Light Company (CEL). After the closure of the powerhouse at Edison Lane in 1899, CEL operated a powerhouse at 69 Ann Street until 1915, and another in William Street from 1912 to 1930. In 1893 Thargomindah was the first town in Queensland, outside Brisbane, to have

neg: Technological and industrial history of Canada 1887. In 1884, the Royal Electric Company began offering commercial power to Montreal. Also in 1884, Saint John, New Brunswick was the first city in that province to have commercially available power delivered by the Saint John Electric Light Company. Edmonton's first power company was established in 1891 and placed street lights along the city's main street, Jasper Avenue. The power company was purchased by the Town of Edmonton in 1902 and to this day remains a municipal government enterprise known as EPCOR. Initially electricity was generated using a technique that produced direct current to DC. This type of current

neg: Electric arc cutting, for electrical discharge machining, as an arc lamp in movie projectors and followspots in stage lighting. Electric arc furnaces are used to produce steel and other substances. Calcium carbide is made in this way as it requires a large amount of energy to promote an endothermic reaction (at temperatures of 2500 °C). Carbon arc lights were the first electric lights. They were used for street lights in the 19th century and for specialized applications such as searchlights until World War 2. Today, low-pressure electric arcs are used in many applications. For example, fluorescent tubes, mercury, sodium, and metal halide

neg: History of the city the urban landscape. The 19th century saw the rise of public transportation, such as horsebuses, followed by horse trams. At the end of the 19th century, electric urban rail transport (including trams and rapid transit) began to replace them, later completed with buses and other motor vehicles. Street lights were uncommon until gas lighting became widespread in Europe in the early 19th century. Fuel gas was also used for heating and cooking. From the 1880s, electrification began, making electricity the main energy medium in cities until present day. Modern water supply networks began to expand during the 19th century. Growth

neg: Murray, Utah Station Electric power came into Murray City in 1905, with the Progress Electric Company; they strung enough wire to light over a hundred street lights in the City, and a few buildings. City residents and businesses soon clamored for more electricity, which Progress Electric didn't have the capacity to deliver. The City commissioners decided to acquire the system and improve upon delivering power to more people. On July 9, 1912, the city commission approved a resolution to create a municipally-owned power company. That same resolution also created a municipally-owned water and sewage system. Murray generates much of its electricity from

neg: History of street lighting in the United States popular during the 1930s and 1940s, when automobile travel began to flourish. A street with lights was referred to as a "white way" during the early 20th century. Part of New York City's Broadway was nicknamed the "Great White Way" due to the massive number of electric lights used on theater marquees lining the street. The two main competitors in the street lighting industry were General Electric and Westinghouse. During the 1950s, the most common lanterns in the local street lighting industry were Form 109 and later, Form 400 made by General Electric, and OV-20 made by Westinghouse. In 1957,

neg: History of electric power transmission process of establishing power transmission systems. In the early days of electric power usage, widespread transmission of electric power had two obstacles. First, devices requiring different voltages required specialized generators with their own separate lines. Street lights, electric motors in factories, power for streetcars and lights in homes are examples of the diversity of devices with voltages requiring separate systems. Secondly, generators had to be relatively near their loads (a mile or less for low voltage devices). It was known that long distance transmission was possible the higher the voltage was raised, so both problems could be solved if transforming

neg: James R. Toberman term ending on December 9 of that year. Some of the accomplishments during his terms in office are; The Toberman Neighborhood Center (Toberman Settlement House), The creation of Chamber of Commerce, the Los Angeles Herald, the Athletic Club, the Los Angeles Normal School (which became the Los Angeles branch of the University of California/UCLA in 1919) was founded, the first synagogue was organized, the first street (Main Street) was paved and the city turned on its new electric lights, the first telephone lines were installed in 1874, the first orange trees were planted along city streets, plans were laid for

neg: Sasaram Railway junction. Actually, According to earlier natives of this city, there was not proper electrification of city around 2007 - 2008 which hampered the studies of students seeking for competitive exams. Still Indian Railways had 24 hours power supply at Sasaram junction. This led a small group of students to study there at night under electric lights. Currently, Now there is continuous 18 hours+ power supply in city but students only come here to study with other students. With the support of Indian Railways; There are many street lights built to provide light to students at end of junction. Medical

neg: Mehmed Kapetanović the influential political journal "Bošnjak" ("Bosniak") which gathered several Bosniak intellectuals of its time. Kapetanović became the mayor of Sarajevo in 1893 following the 1892 death of the first mayor Mustafa Fadilpašić. The most significant project during Kapetanović's governance was the delivery of electricity to the city. Specifically on 1 May 1895, Sarajevo had, for the first time, electric lighting. Until then, the street lights were oil lanterns. On that same day, Sarajevo became one of the first European cities to have electric tram trains installed, replacing horse-drawn vehicles. Kapetanović survived a stroke in July 1898. His health rapidly declined

neg: Bankside Power Station was owned and operated by the City of London Electric Lighting Company Limited (CLELCo) and supplied electricity to the City and to part of north Southwark. The generating equipment was installed by the Brush Electrical Engineering Company and comprised two pairs of 25 kW Brush arc-lighters and two 100 kW single phase alternators generating at 2 kV and 100 Hz. This equipment first supplied direct current (DC) electricity to arc lamp street lights in Queen Victoria Street on 25 June 1891. Alternating current (AC) for domestic and commercial consumers was first supplied on 14 December 1891, this was a single-phase,

neg: Terrific Street this jazz to mainstream America. Musician Sid LeProtti recalls the excitement of Terrific Street: We used to call it Terrific Street. I can remember the time you could come across San Francisco Bay on the ferryboat and you could pick out that blaze of electric lights on Pacific Street. There wasn't any neon in them days; just millions of electric lights. There was The Midway, The Hippodrome, The Thalia, Louie Gomez's, Parenti's Saloon, Griffin's, Spider Kelly's, The Bella Union, and a slug of other places like that. You could see all the lights from them for miles in any direction.

neg: Aurora, Illinois have expanded into DuPage, Will, and Kendall counties. Between 2000 and 2003, the U.S. Census Bureau ranked Aurora as the 34th fastest-growing city in the United States. From 2000 to 2009, the U.S. Census Bureau ranked the city as the 46th fastest growing city with a population of over 100,000. In 1908, Aurora adopted the nickname "City of Lights", because in 1881 it was one of the first cities in the United States to implement an all-electric street lighting system. Aurora's historic downtown is located on the Fox River, and centered on Stolp Island. The city is divided into three

neg: Electricity generation a DC current that powered public lighting on Pearl Street, New York. The new technology was quickly adopted by many cities around the world, which adapted their gas fueled street lights to electric power, and soon after electric lights would be used in public buildings, in businesses, and to power public transport, such as trams and trains. The first power plants used water power or coal; and today a variety of energy sources are used, such as coal, nuclear, natural gas, hydroelectric, wind generators, and oil, as well as solar energy, tidal power, and geothermal sources. The use of power-lines

neg: Kenosha, Wisconsin 3509 Washington Road. In June 1993, the city installed reproductions of the historic Sheridan LeGrande street lights that were specially designed for Kenosha by Westinghouse Electric in 1928; these can be seen on Sixth Avenue between 54th Street and 59th Place. A classic downtown electric streetcar system was opened on June 17, 2000, and on September 22nd, 2014, the Kenosha city council approved a crosstown extension of the system incorporating the existing route between 48th and 61st Streets on both Sixth and Eighth Avenues. Kenosha is in southeastern Wisconsin at (42.582220, -87.845624). It is bordered by Lake Michigan to the

neg: Public Square, Cleveland Connecticut Land Company's original plan for the city, which were overseen by Moses Cleaveland in the 1790s. The square is signature of the layout for early New England towns, which Cleveland was modeled after. While it initially served as a common pasture for settlers' animals, less than a century later Public Square was the height of modernity, when in 1879 it became the first street in the world to be lit with electric street lights, arc lamps designed by Cleveland native Charles F. Brush. The square was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 18, 1975. A

neg: History of street lighting in the United States existing streetlights with LED fixtures. In mid-2010, Seattle City Light began installing LED streetlights in a residential neighborhood as part of a plan to install 40,000 LED streetlights over the next 5 years. Also, Atlantic City Electric in Southern NJ is also testing out LED streetlights made by 2 different manufacturers in 4 communities to evaluate if LED lights are worth using over HPS. As of late 2015, Atlantic City Electric has decided to go ahead and replace all utility owned or leased MV and HPS cobra head and floodlights with LED lighting, if the municipality is interested (which many

neg: Hongkong Electric Company Kong Electric Company for 37 years, took charge of raising finance for the project. The total capital of $300,000 was divided into 30,000 shares, half of which were offered to the public. As a result, the first power station in Hong Kong was secretly built on the site of an old graveyard in Star Street, Wan Chai. The plant was designed by electrical engineer William Wickham who subsequently remained its manager until 1910. At 6:00 p.m. on 1 December 1890, 50 street lights along Queen's Road Central, Battery Path and Upper Albert Road were switched on. The lights failed on

neg: Paris in the Belle Époque l'Opéra and the Place de l'Étoile around the Arc de Triomphe. In 1881, electric street lights were added along the Grands Boulevards. Electric lighting came much more slowly for residences and businesses in some Paris neighborhoods. While electric lights lined the Champs Élysées in 1905, there was no electric lines for any households in the 20th arrondissement. The three "universal expositions" that took place in Paris during the "Belle Époque" attracted millions of visitors from around the world and displayed the newest innovations in science and technology, from the telephone and phonograph to electric street lighting. The Universal Exposition of

neg: Toronto Electric Light Company Toronto Electric Light Company The Toronto Electric Light Company was an early electricity supplier in Toronto, founded and presided over by John Joseph Wright (1847–1922) and owned by Sir Henry Pellatt. Founded in 1882, TELC opened a steam driven power plant at Scott Street and The Esplanade. The plant was used to win a contract to provide night time street lighting (50 lights), replacing the oil and kerosene lamps in the old city of Toronto on King, Queen and Yonge Streets. By 1884 it was "used by a number of prominent establishments" as well. This power plant lasted into the

neg: Natural gas in Romania first gas production was used to power the steam boilers in Sărmăşel and the gas lighting of the alleys in Bazna resort. The first gas transmission pipeline was built in 1914 covering the between Sărmăşel and Turda, with the last being the first city in Europe to have public street lights fueld by natural gas in 1916. In 1927 the first natural gas compression station in Europe was built in Sărmăşel. Following the successful gas discovery many foreign companies started to prospect the territories including American, British, French and Austria-Hungarian companies. The American success in the exploitation and usage of

neg: Bathurst, New South Wales built in 1960. In 1987 natural gas arrived via a new 240 km spur pipeline off the Moomba to Sydney pipeline. The early part of the century saw electricity arrive initially for street lighting; the city converted from gas street lighting to electric lighting on 22 December 1924, when 370 electric lights at a cost of ₤40,000 were switched on. Lighting spread along streets through to 1935, over time to businesses and finally private houses. Sewage treatment was an early infrastructure project funded by the state government and built in 1915. Water supply started with private wells in backyards. Eventually

neg: City Opera House (Traverse City, Michigan) City Opera House (Traverse City, Michigan) The City Opera House is located at 106-112 Front Street in Traverse City, Michigan. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1971 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. In 1891, entrepreneurs Perry Hannah, Charles Wilhelm, Tony Bartok, and Frank Votruba owned the property where the opera house now stands. They hired architect E. R. Prall of Pontiac, Michigan to design this structure, and builder John Wilhelm to construct it. At the time of construction, it was the first building in Traverse City to use electric lights. The

neg: Romgaz 1914 covering the between Sărmăşel and Turda, with the last being the first city in Europe to have public street lights fuelled by natural gas in 1916. In 1927 the first natural gas compression station in Europe was built in Sărmăşel. Following the successful gas discovery many foreign companies started to prospect the territories including American, British, French and Austria-Hungarian companies. The American success in the exploitation and usage of natural gas determined the foundation of Societatea Maghiara de Gaz Metan UEG (Hungarian Methane Company) by the Hungarian Ministry of Finances and Deutsche Bank whose scope of activity was the

neg: Bountiful, Utah mayor. In 1907 electric lights came to Bountiful through the efforts of its citizens. Notorious serial killer Ted Bundy snatched victim Debra Kent from Viewmont High School in Bountiful on November 8, 1974. The city maintains a charming Main Street, with several locally owned shops, and is home to several big-box retailers. The city celebrates its history at the annual Handcart Days celebration every July in conjunction with U.S. State of Utah's official holiday, Pioneer Day. Bountiful Handcart Days is a volunteer–driven event. People from three cities in the south of Davis County, Utah come together to commemorate the first

neg: Highland Park, Michigan month electric bill. The street lights were not only turned off, but decommissioned, or removed from their posts. The city advised residents to keep porch lights on in order to deter crime. On November 20, 2013 the Detroit Water and Sewerage Department filed a lawsuit against the City of Highland Park regarding unpaid sewage services and water totaling $17.7 million. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all land. Highland Park is approximately north-northwest from Downtown Detroit. It is bounded by McNichols Road (6 Mile Road) to the north, Grand Trunk Western

neg: Christmas lights the size of walnuts, on December 22, 1882 at his home on Fifth Avenue in New York City. Local newspapers ignored the story, seeing it as a publicity stunt. However, it was published by a Detroit newspaper reporter, and Johnson has become widely regarded as the Father of Electric Christmas Tree Lights. By 1900, businesses started stringing up Christmas lights behind their windows. Christmas lights were too expensive for the average person; as such, electric Christmas lights did not become the majority replacement for candles until 1930. In 1895, U.S. President Grover Cleveland proudly sponsored the first electrically lit Christmas

neg: Chelmsford in April/May 2013. Only the Grade II listed water tower, The 1912 front building façade, the New Street cottages and the power house will remain. Chelmsford became home to the United Kingdom's first electrical engineering works established by Rookes Evelyn Bell Crompton. Crompton as he was better known was a leading authority of electrical engineering and was a pioneer of electric street lighting and electric traction motors within the United Kingdom. Crompton installed electric street lights around the town centre to celebrate the incorporation of the Borough of Chelmsford in 1888. Although this made Chelmsford one of the earliest towns

neg: 37th Street (Austin) out as Christmas lights. It started out as a wild art form and stayed that way." In 1993, city workers removed lights strung from city poles due to fire hazard concerns. In response, street residents turned off all lights, resulting in numerous complaints directed at the city from visitors expecting light displays. City workers returned the following day to reinstall the lights. 37th Street (Austin) 37th Street is a street in Austin, Texas, known for its many houses that are decorated with Christmas lights. The tradition attracts tens of thousands of visitors each year, though neighbor participation has decreased the

neg: Hoisington, Kansas was renamed Hoisington in April 1887 as was the railroad station, originally named Monon, by 1889. Hoisington modernized and grew steadily over the following decades. The city's first power plant opened in 1903, and a city water system was completed in 1904. The railroad, known by that point as the Missouri Pacific, continued to play a central role in the city's development, employing 1,600 local men by 1911. Hoisington became a major freight and passenger operating division, complete with a roundhouse and shops. Electric street lights were installed in 1915, and the first streets were paved in 1917. The discovery

neg: Blacksburg, South Carolina boom town, and hotels and saloons were built for the new visitors. The town went by the name "Iron City" for a short time. Because of the "iron rush" the town became quite wealthy. It installed the first electric street lights in Upstate South Carolina and perhaps in the entire state. The city was incorporated in 1888 as "Blacksburg" but still holds the nickname of "Iron City". The Kings Mountain State Park Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008. Blacksburg is located in northeastern Cherokee County at (35.120676, -81.516291). It is south of the

neg: Stockade Historic District eastward along Union Street (the main road to Troy and Watervliet at the time) and the canal, as the American Locomotive Company and General Electric made it "The City that Hauls and Lights the World". Connecticut native Elizabeth Gillette moved to Union Street to start her medical practice in 1900. Two decades later, she was elected to the state assembly, the first woman elected to the state legislature from upstate and the only Democrat ever elected to that body from Schenectady's second district. She served a single term and returned to medicine, retiring in 1960. Theodore Burr's bridge burned down

neg: Schiltach Mittelweg spans the Black Forest from north to south (between Pforzheim and Waldshut), and passes through Schiltach as one stage of the trail. The Silvesterzug is a procession that takes place in Schiltach on New Year's Eve. As part of an old tradition, the citizens walk through the streets with lanterns from the marketplace to the town church and sing hymms of Pietistic origins. During the procession, the street lights of the city are turned off and replaced with pitch torches; the only electric lights to be seen are those of Christmas trees shone through the windows of private households.

neg: Lighting buildings and in the homes of wealthy people. The gas mantle boosted the luminosity of utility lighting and of kerosene lanterns. The next major drop in price came about in the 1880s with the introduction of electric lighting in the form of arc lights for large space and street lighting followed on by incandescent light bulb based utilities for indoor and outdoor lighting. Over time, electric lighting became ubiquitous in developed countries. Segmented sleep patterns disappeared, improved nighttime lighting made more activities possible at night, and more street lights reduced urban crime. Lighting fixtures come in a wide variety of

neg: Hydro Ottawa in the 1880s with private electrical suppliers, became public in the early 1900s and continued in competition with private suppliers, chiefly those of Thomas Ahearn and his companies, until the 1950s. In 1882, Electric lighting in Ottawa started in at Young's mill in Lebreton Flats (the previous year had seen Eddy's mill lit by electricity, on the Hull side). A year later, the House of Commons and the Senate were illuminated. The first electric street lighting in Canada occurred on Victoria Day, 1884 when the Peterborough Light and Power Company lit 17 arc lights on George Street in Peterborough Ontario.

neg: Urbana, Illinois Lane is the name for a neighborhood in eastern Urbana. This neighborhood consists of Grant Place and adjacent properties on Fairlawn and Eastern Drives. It is called Candlestick Lane because every year the residents decorate their yards for Christmas with a lot of lights and figures. The tradition began in 1961 (maybe 1960) as a house-decorating contest sponsored by the Illinois Power Company. The neighborhood used its prize money to purchase electric candlesticks for each home. The City of Urbana installs special red and green street signs, reading "Candlestick Lane" and "Grant Place" during the Holiday season. The lights are

neg: Sasaram Junction railway station led a small group of students to study there at night under electric lights. Currently, Now there is continuous 18 hours+ power supply in city but students only come here to study with other students. With the support of Indian Railways; There are many street lights built to provide light to students at end of junction. Sasaram Junction railway station Sasaram Junction railway station is on the Gaya-Mughalsarai section of the Grand Chord line in India. It serves Sasaram and the surrounding areas in Rohtas district in the Indian state of Bihar. Sasaram is well connected to Delhi and Kolkata.

neg: Lamplighter Lamplighter A lamplighter is a person employed to light and maintain candle or, later, gas street lights. Very few exist today as most gas street lighting has long been replaced by electric lamps. Lights were lit each evening, generally by means of a wick on a long pole. At dawn, they would return to put them out using a small hook on the same pole. Early street lights were generally candles, oil, and similar consumable liquid or solid lighting sources with wicks. Another lamplighter duty was to carry a ladder and renew the candles, oil, or gas mantles. In some

neg: Munger Place Historic District exclusive communities in the city. To attract the "right" social element, Munger Place was carefully planned. Just minutes from downtown Dallas by carriage, Munger Place became the very first deed-restricted neighborhood in Texas. Homes had to be a full two stories, cost at least US$2,000 and no house could face a side street. The infrastructure featured such amenities as sidewalks, paved streets, shade trees, sewers, gas mains, and electric street lights. Many of the Dallas' leading businessmen and social elite soon called magnificent Munger Place home. The Great Depression led many of the community's mansions to be converted into multi-family

neg: Montevideo Carretas, going up to the north end of the city and then turning west to end at the beach of Capurro. It was renamed to Artigas Boulevard (its current name) in 1885. By Decree, on 8 January 1881, the area "Los Pocitos" was incorporated to the "Novísima Ciudad" (Most New City). The first telephone lines were installed in 1882 and electric street lights took the place of the gas operated ones in 1886. The Hipódromo de Maroñas started operating in 1888, and the neighbourhoods of Reus del Sur, Reus del Norte and Conciliación were inaugurated in 1889. The new building

neg: Paris in the Belle Époque nightfall, a small army of 750 uniformed "allumeurs" ("lighters") carrying long poles with small lamps at the end went out into the streets to turn on a pipe of gas inside each lamppost and light the lamp. The entire city was illuminated within forty minutes. The Arc de Triomphe was crowned with a ring of gaslights, and the Champs-Élysées was lined with ribbons of white light. One of the major urban innovations in Paris was the introduction of electric street lights to coincide with the opening of the Universal Exposition of 1878. The first streets lit were the Avenue de

neg: William King (engineer) Edinburgh in 1880. His proposers were William Thomson, Lord Kelvin, Peter Guthrie Tait, William Durham, and James Thomson Bottomley. He returned to Scotland in 1884, living at Lonend on Russell Place in Trinity, Edinburgh. In Edinburgh he created the engineering firm of King, Brown & Co with Andrew Betts Brown based at the Rosebank Works in Leith and in 1894 King & Co, electrical engineers who built the Leith Electric Works at 1 Prince Regent Street and created the Leith Electricity Generating Station on Junction Place and installed one of Britain's first systems of electric street lights (1895) and Scotland's

neg: History of Richmond Hill, Ontario north of Richmond Hill. Bond lake was the first electric park (a park lit with electric lights) built in Ontario. The park featured a baseball diamond, a display pavilion and the lake for swimming, fishing and boating. It drew tourists to the area with its own stop on the Metropolitan Street Railway Company line. In 1904, the Metropolitan Street Railway Company was acquired by the Toronto and York Radial Railway Company, which led to more tracks being laid across southern Ontario, and more trains passing through Richmond Hill. 1904 also saw the construction of a second railway through Richmond Hill.

neg: Main Street Historic District (Danbury, Connecticut) the community. Main Street was paved with granite blocks between Elmwood Park and White Street. Flagstone sidewalks, sewers, electric arc lights and a horse railway were installed. At the end of the 1890s Danbury's 35 hat factories led the nation in production, employing 5,000 directly and indirectly. A neon sign with a derby hat on a crown and the legend "Danbury Crowns Them All" greeted arrivals at the new train station (now the Danbury Railway Museum) just east of downtown. The city overcame opposition from Bridgeport and persuaded the county legislature to appropriate funds for the current courthouse. Downtown also

neg: J. P. Knight green gas-powered lamps at night. The world's first traffic light was installed on December 9, 1868, near London's Westminster Bridge, at the intersection of Great George Street and Bridge Street, London SW1. However, in 1869, a gas leak caused one of the lights to explode, badly injuring the policeman operating it, and the system fell out of favour and was removed as a result. Subsequently, the idea was further developed in the United States by Garrett Morgan. Traffic lights did not appear again in the UK until 1929, when the first electric signals were introduced in London. A memorial plaque

neg: History of Briarcliff Manor a village without street lights, and the village's engines remain white. The first twenty-nine street lights, all electric, were installed in 1904, and Scarborough was incorporated into Briarcliff Manor in 1906. Law largely developed his land as a business corporation until 1907, when Briarcliff Farms moved to Pine Plains, New York, and Law began developing Briarcliff Manor as a municipal corporation instead. In 1908, Briarcliff Manor sponsored The First American International Road Race; the event centered around the village, and more than 300,000 people watched the race; the village had more than 100,000 visitors that day. The race was held

neg: Syracuse Telephonic Exchange are in progress to bring it to practical perfection with strong hopes of eventual success." An advertisement in "Boyd's Syracuse City Directory" in 1879, showed that H. C. Brower & Son were "bell hangers and locksmiths" as well as brass founders. They specialized in electric house and stable bells, improved burglar alarms, safes, speaking tubes, annunciators for hotels and elevators, electric gas lights and telegraphic supplies. They also noted they were general agents for Bell Telephone Company and they installed telegraph and telephone lines. Their shop was located at 79 East Genesee Street. Making use of his Bell license, Brower

neg: Seoul electricity in the royal palace, built by the Edison Illuminating Company and a decade later Seoul also implemented electrical street lights. Much of the development was due to trade with foreign countries like France and the United States. For example, the Seoul Electric Company, Seoul Electric Trolley Company, and Seoul Fresh Spring Water Company were all joint Korean–American owned enterprises. In 1904, an American by the name of Angus Hamilton visited the city and said, "The streets of Seoul are magnificent, spacious, clean, admirably made and well-drained. The narrow, dirty lanes have been widened, gutters have been covered, roadways broadened.

neg: Law of the handicap of a head start that can be considered as the contrary of this law is the "Law of the stimulative arrears" ("") published by Erik van der Hoeven in 1980. The author gives an example of the law in his original essay. During a trip to London, he wonders why at that time it was still lit by gas lamps, rather than electric lights as were by then common in other European capitals like Amsterdam. His explanation was that London's head start—their possession of street lights before most other cities—was now holding them back in replacing them with the more modern electric lights. As

neg: Market House (Providence, Rhode Island) of Trade (later known as the Chamber of Commerce), the Henry Lippitt Company, several manufacturing companies, a barber, the Rhode Island Poultry Association, and the Rhode Island Electric Light Company. Market Square and Westminster Street were the first parts of Providence to receive electric street lights. The building underwent some restoration work in the 1930s, and by 1940 the building was restored to its 1833 appearance. In 1948, Mayor Dennis J. Roberts signed a deed to give the building to the Rhode Island School of Design, with the provision that the exterior of the building be maintained. Architect John Hutchins

neg: Street light lighting illuminating a significant portion of a city, with over 13 km of streets lit by 52 incandescent lights and 3 arc lights, for which that city maintains the title of "First City of Light". Incandescent lamps were primarily used for street lighting until the advent of high-intensity gas-discharge lamps. They were often operated at high-voltage series circuits. Series circuits were popular since their higher voltage produced more light per watt consumed. Furthermore, before the invention of photoelectric controls, a single switch or clock could control all the lights in an entire district. To avoid having the entire system go

neg: Rawang, Selangor ground at Rawang. Thus, Rawang became an unofficial boundary of Tengku Kudin's dominance at the northern Klang Valley during the war. In 1894, the first electric generator in British Malaya was installed in Rawang to support the mining industry, making Rawang the first location to be electrified in Malaysia. Numerous electrified tin mines were operated by Loke Yew and K. Thamboosamy Pillay, who both contributed significantly to the growth of Rawang. With Rawang being the first town in Malaya to utilize electricity for tin mining, it was also the first town to have electric street lights, and the Rawang Railway

neg: History of cities in Canada of hundreds of telephone and hydro poles along city streets, supporting electric and telephone cables. Electric street lighting replaced gas lights. The construction of water and sewer systems eliminated human waste from the urban living space. The introduction of municipal garbage collection reduced the presence of garbage. In the latter part of the century, the rise of the new middle class created a demand for housing beyond the city core. This was met by private contractors building individual homes on single lots in newly created suburbs, adjacent to the downtown core. Public transport was provided by the extension of the

neg: History of Sioux City, Iowa 1886, 22,358; in 1887, 30,842; and in 1890, 38,700. Street cars, water works, electric lights and other improvements appeared. Factories, jobbing houses, meatpacking plants, retail stores and railroads increasingly came on the scene. The city's building boom included an elevated railroad (the Sioux City Elevated Railway) and early "skyscrapers". These changes mirrored growth that was occurring nationwide, especially in the transition of small pioneer settlements to thriving urban centers. President Grover Cleveland visited in 1887, by then Fourth Street was the center of the business district. Sioux City is also the birthplace of the Corn Palace, a temporary building made

neg: Science and technology in South Africa in the world. In 1955 Sasol opened the first commercial Coal liquefaction plant. Commercialization of copper indium gallium sulphur selenide (CIGSSE) thin film solar cell technology was pioneered by Professor Vivian Alberts at the University of Johannesburg. The South African Solar Challenge is held bi-annually over a distance of . Kimberley, was the first city in the Southern Hemisphere and in Africa to have electric street lights - first lit on 1 September 1882 . South African companies hold a considerable number of high value patents related to mining. 10% of the gross domestic product (GDP) of South Africa is

neg: Pierce, Butler and Pierce Manufacturing Company capital stock of $600,000 and annual revenue of $1,000,000, up from $50,000 in 1876. The "Florida" boiler had been extensively marketed throughout the country on billboards along the railroads and in other prominent places, on which they depicted a tropical Florida scene along with the boiler and the caption that read "A Florida climate within your home in winter." William K. Pierce also organized the Electric Light Company in Syracuse in 1882 and the firm obtained the franchise to install the first street lights in the city as well as supply electricity to "commercial houses." In 1888, he organized the

neg: History of street lighting in the United States output of the fixtures. Unfortunately, some failed induction lights were spot replaced with the HPS lights that were being removed to begin with and many new installs, PSEG is still using HPS. An updated design of the induction lights is now being used and these seem more reliable and brighter than the original design. Beginning in September 2011 the City of San Diego, CA will replace some 35,000 street lights with induction lamps costing $16,000,000.00. In Mexico, the city of Linares and Acapulco also have begun the replacement of 6,500 and 42,000 street lights with induction lamps from Amko SOLARA

neg: Scranton, Pennsylvania The city was designated as the county seat when Lackawanna County was established in 1878, and a judicial district was authorized in 1879. The city "took its first step toward earning its reputation as the Electric City" when electric lights were introduced in 1880 at Dickson Locomotive Works. Six years later, the nation's first streetcars powered exclusively by electricity began operating in the city. Rev. David Spencer, a local Baptist minister, later proclaimed Scranton as the "Electric City". Present-day Scranton and its surrounding area had been long inhabited by the native Lenape tribe, from whose language "Lackawanna" (or "lac-a-wa-na," meaning

neg: BMW and X6 (F16). The BMW i is a sub-brand of BMW founded in 2011 to design and manufacture plug-in electric vehicles. The sub-brand initial plans called for the release of two vehicles; series production of the BMW i3 all-electric car began in September 2013, and the market launch took place in November 2013 with the first retail deliveries in Germany. The BMW i8 sports plug-in hybrid car was launched in Germany in June 2014. In 2014, BMW developed a prototype of street lights equipped with power sockets to charge electric cars, called "Light and Charge". Two of these charging facilities

neg: Tamworth, New South Wales the first town in Australia to light its streets by municipally generated electritown in 1888. A larger power station was established in 1923 at a site in Marius Street, East Tamworth due to the high demand of electritown and the main building was demolished in 1982. The Tamworth Power Station Museum's purpose is to tell the story of the town's role in the development of electric street lighting, from the early days of oil lamps in 1876 and gas lamps in 1882, through to the installation of the first electric lights in November 1888. The museum has one of Australia's

neg: Newmilns such are largely unnoticed by local residents. Gilfoot was built from 1936–39 and was pragmatically fitted out with electric street lighting. Initially, the street lights were not connected to an electricity supply, so gas lights were hung from lamp-posts until electrification could take place. The sight of this gave the area an eastern feel, leading local residents to refer to Gilfoot as "Shanghai". Although the name is not in common use today, it persisted for many years after the gas lights were removed. Newmilns Newmilns and Greenholm is a small burgh in East Ayrshire, Scotland. It has a population of

neg: Solar street light LED light are fitted together in a compact way. This enhances battery protection against theft and also the entire unit is weather proof. City of Las Vegas was the first city in the world that tested new EnGoPlanet Solar Street lights that are coupled with kinetic tiles that produce electricity when people walk over them. The charge and discharge cycles of the battery is also very important considering the overall cost of the project. Solar street light Solar street lights are raised light sources which are powered by solar panels generally mounted on the lighting structure or integrated in the

neg: History of electricity sector in Canada of electricity as mass-market service began in earnest in 1881, when Ottawa entrepreneur Thomas Ahearn installed Canada’s first water-powered generator at the Chaudiere Falls, and later that year a steam generator lit a public skating rink in downtown Toronto. By 1883, the Houses of Parliament and Toronto's Central National Exhibition were illuminated by electric lights. And by 1885, public street lighting had been introduced in many Canadian Cities, including Hamilton, Quebec, Montreal, and Ottawa - which became the first city in the world to electrically light all of its streets. In the 1890s, three competing firms in Ontario engaged in

neg: Civita, San Diego more street trees have been planted than were required by the city of San Diego. Sudberry also specified low-energy LED lights for traffic signals and street lighting. Sudberry’s Civita master plan also encourages people to walk by rearranging the sloping site in a series of terraces, each containing housing and level footpaths to and from the central park and stream, which are expected to experience heavy use. In 2012, Sudberry Properties entered into an agreement with San Diego Gas & Electric to create a “Smart Energy Community” for Civita. The agreement specifies potential installation of new smart grid technologies that

neg: Shooting Star (Owl City song) city with orange fur. Young posted screen-shots of the upcoming video on his Twitter account for Shooting Star prior to its release. The MTV website includes an interview with Young about the filming of the video. On October 25, 2012, Owl City uploaded the official music video for "Shooting Star" to his official YouTube channel. The video's setting is nighttime in an urban area. The video features scenes of Young playing an electric piano under the street lights and people (who emit light from their chests) running, slowly gathering to all run together in the same direction. This song is

neg: Gdańska Street, Bydgoszcz the first large buildings in the northern part of the street including: Water Supply station (1899-1900); War College building (1913-1914); buildings within the newly created Forest dictrict () after 1933, like houses at No.208 to 238. In the 1950s, new buildings in "Osiedle Leśne" have been constructed, such as the "Zawisza" WKS sports complex. In 1860, the street began to be illuminated with gas lanterns, and with electric lights since 1900. Street on the entire length of the road had paved surfaces, separating curbs, along with a tree line. The sidewalks were laid from granite boards. On May 18, 1888,

neg: Traffic light the traffic squad; this saved the city $12,500,000. After witnessing an accident between an automobile and a horse-drawn carriage, African American inventor, Garrett Morgan, filed a U.S. patent for a traffic signal. Patent No. 1,475,024 was granted on 20 November 1923 for Morgan's three-position traffic signal. The first traffic lights in Britain were deployed in Piccadilly Circus in 1926. Wolverhampton was the first British town to introduce automated traffic lights in 1927 in Princes Square at the junction of Lichfield Street and Princess Street. Melbourne was the first city in Australia to install traffic lights in 1928 on the intersection

neg: Yorkshire and the Humber University of Sheffield, and became the world's leading software for CFD, launched in October 1983. Helen Sharman OBE, from Sheffield and a former University of Sheffield-educated chemist who developed chocolate for Mars, was the first Briton in space on the Soyuz TM-12 mission on 18 May 1991, aged 27 (she is still the fifth-youngest person to have flown into space), landing with Soyuz TM-11 eight days later. David Mellor of Sheffield produced the standard design for street furniture, including traffic lights, in the UK from 1973. The US had installed its first electric traffic lights in August 1914 in Cleveland,

neg: Incandescent light bulb street in the world to be lit by an incandescent lightbulb was Mosley Street, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom. It was lit by Joseph Swan's incandescent lamp on 3 February 1879. Thomas Edison began serious research into developing a practical incandescent lamp in 1878. Edison filed his first patent application for "Improvement In Electric Lights" on 14 October 1878. After many experiments, first with carbon in the early 1880s and then with platinum and other metals, in the end Edison returned to a carbon filament. The first successful test was on 22 October 1879, and lasted 13.5 hours. Edison continued

neg: History of street lighting in the United States are not well suited for most street lighting use. Incandescent lights using a tungsten filament were the first low power electric lights in cities worldwide and introduced some 20 years after open arc lamps. Some can still be found in streetlight service. Others have been installed in popular downtown areas of major cities to have a nostalgia effect. Incandescent light has excellent Color rendering index rated at 100. Color temperature is generally around 2000–3200 K depending on the type of lamp and replaced the higher maintenance arc lamps. An incandescent light bulb is less efficient when compared to High-intensity discharge

neg: Crest Theatre, Granville which opened on Saturday 3 September 1910 on land adjacent to the old Post Office in Railway Parade. In 1911 Alfred James Beszant organized screenings of films at Granville Town Hall on Tuesday and Thursday evenings. In 1919 Beszant became the sub-lessee of the Picture Palace. The Castle Theatre in South Street was erected in 1911 in a paddock in South Street and was capable of seating 800 people. The Castle had lofty castellated towers, search light, arc lights, small coloured electric lights and a screen larger than the Sydney Glaciarium. The electric lighting was powered by a dynamo driven

neg: Utility pole other equipment such as street lights, supports for traffic lights and overhead electric trolley wires, and cellular network antennas. They can also carry fixtures and decorations specific for certain holidays or events specific to the city where they are located. Solar panels mounted on utility poles may power auxiliary equipment where the expense of a power line connection is unwanted. Streetlights and holiday fixtures are powered directly from secondary distribution. The primary purpose of pole attachment hardware is to secure the cable and associated aerial plant facilities to poles and to help facilitate necessary plant rearrangements. An aerial plant network

neg: Ottawa Electric Railway to the city to convert to electricity but was refused, and later it proposed a merger of two companies. A new company, Ottawa Electric Railway Company, would appear on the scene in the early 1890s and would later dominate public transportation in Ottawa. Ottawa's first electric lights operated near the Chaudière Falls in 1882, and in 1885, electric lighting came to the city streets under Ottawa Electric Light Company. Thomas Ahearn, born in LeBreton Flats, also became an important figure in the early years of electricity in Ottawa. Ahearn had been a telegraph operator, and in 1892 filed patents for

neg: Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport company, the electricity department services only the Mumbai City area, and not the suburbs. It provides power to 5 million residential and commercial establishments and over 33,000 street lights within the city limits. As of 2000, BEST supplies a total of , with a consumption of . The electricity department has 6,000 employees. The city has four 110-kV, twenty-two 33-kV and 22-kV substations. BEST has a distribution loss of around 10% (2001), among the lowest in India. In 2006, the RPS (Renewable purchase specification) framework came into force, which has made it mandatory for electricity providers to generate or purchase

neg: Trams in Sydney route approaching the south end of Long Gully Bridge, and amended the route of the main line to East Willoughby. George-street and Harris-street Electric Tramway Act 1896 No 11a: "An Act to sanction the construction of an Electric Tramway from Circular Quay, in the City of Sydney, to the Redfern Railway Station, and along Harris-street from its intersection with George-street to its intersection with John-street in the said city. [14th September, 1896.]" Authorized the first permanent electric line forming part of the main system. Loan Act of 1896 No 33a: "An Act to authorise the raising of a Loan for

neg: Christmas lights tree in the White House. It was a huge specimen, featuring more than a hundred multicolored lights. The first commercially produced Christmas tree lamps were manufactured in strings of multiples of eight sockets by the General Electric Co. of Harrison, New Jersey. Each socket took a miniature two-candela carbon-filament lamp. From that point on, electrically illuminated Christmas trees, but only indoors, grew with mounting enthusiasm in the United States and elsewhere. San Diego in 1904, Appleton, Wisconsin in 1909, and New York City in 1912 were the first recorded instances of the use of Christmas lights outside. McAdenville, North Carolina

neg: Irineu Evangelista de Sousa, Viscount of Mauá in the country. Mauá commissioned the first telegraphic submarine cable connecting South America to Europe, developed commercial transportation via steamboats on rivers Amazon and Guaíba, and installed the first gas-fueled street lights in the city of Rio de Janeiro, then Brazil's capital. His fortunes turned around with the decay of the Empire after the Paraguayan War, however, and, by the time he died, Mauá had lost most of his wealth. At a time in which Brazil was dominated by government-protected landowners who prioritized exports in a slave-based economy, Mauá defended free enterprise, liberalism, industrialization and the abolition of slavery. After

neg: Capitol Heights, Maryland nothing down and a dollar a month, no interest, no landlords, and, in the custom and vernacular of the times, "no colored people." Many buyers bought two lots in this haven that was to become Capitol Heights. While awaiting their "proposed electric railway," commuters to the city could walk about a mile (often through mud) to the District Line station at what is now Seat Pleasant and board a rail car into Washington, DC. The absence of paved roads, sidewalks, street lights, and other public services, including the electric railway, began to cast a pall over Zantzinger's vision of bliss.

neg: Albert Sadacca in the rapidly growing Christmas lighting market as the NOMA Electric Company. Albert Sadacca Albert Sadacca (February 6, 1901 – December 1980) is credited with popularizing electric Christmas tree lights for private use. According to the legend, in 1917, at the age of 15, after a fire in New York City started by candles suspended in a tree, Sadacca adapted the novelty lighting that his parents sold for use in Christmas trees. A similar story is told about Ralph E. Morris, who created an electric light set using a telephone switchboard in 1908. Earlier electric Christmas tree lights had been