query: how many seasons of big bang theory are there

pos: The Big Bang Theory has been out of order throughout the first 11 seasons, forcing characters to have to use the stairs. Stairway conversations between characters occur in almost every episode, often serving as a transition between longer scenes. A season 3 episode reveals that the elevator was broken when Leonard was experimenting with rocket fuel. Like most shows created by Chuck Lorre, "The Big Bang Theory" ends by showing for one second a vanity card written by Lorre after the credits, followed by the Warner Bros. Television closing logo. These cards are archived on Lorre's website. Initial reception for the series was mixed.

pos: The Big Bang Theory (season 10) episode. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> General references The Big Bang Theory (season 10) The tenth season of the American sitcom "The Big Bang Theory" premiered on CBS Monday, September 19, 2016 and concluded on Thursday, May 11, 2017. It returned to its regular Thursday time slot on October 27, 2016, after "Thursday Night Football on CBS". On March 12, 2014, "The Big Bang Theory" was renewed for an additional three years, extending it through the 2016–17 season for a total of ten seasons. Like the previous two seasons, the first five episodes of the tenth season aired on a different night due

pos: The Big Bang Theory (season 10) The Big Bang Theory (season 10) The tenth season of the American sitcom "The Big Bang Theory" premiered on CBS Monday, September 19, 2016 and concluded on Thursday, May 11, 2017. It returned to its regular Thursday time slot on October 27, 2016, after "Thursday Night Football on CBS". On March 12, 2014, "The Big Bang Theory" was renewed for an additional three years, extending it through the 2016–17 season for a total of ten seasons. Like the previous two seasons, the first five episodes of the tenth season aired on a different night due to to "Thursday Night Football"

pos: The Big Bang Theory (season 11) The Big Bang Theory (season 11) The eleventh season of the American television sitcom "The Big Bang Theory" premiered on CBS on Monday, September 25, 2017. It returned to its regular Thursday time slot on November 2, 2017, after "Thursday Night Football on CBS" ended. The season concluded on May 10, 2018. In March 2017, CBS renewed the series for two additional seasons, bringing its total to twelve, and running through the 2018–19 television season. Like the previous three seasons, the first five episodes aired on Mondays due to CBS' contractual rights to air the "Thursday Night Football" games. After

neg: Big Bang (book) Another theme of the book is the scientific method itself: how serendipity, curiosity, theory and observation come together to expand our understanding of the world. One of the most interesting points in the book is how Einstein initially dismissed the theory out of hand. Such was his authority in the scientific community that none dared oppose him, thereby stifling research in this area for many years. However, when Hubble confirmed the theory, Einstein was quick to endorse both Lemaître and his theories. Big Bang (book) Big Bang: The most important scientific discovery of all time and why you need to

neg: The Big Bang Theory (season 9) The Big Bang Theory (season 9) The ninth season of the American sitcom "The Big Bang Theory" started airing on CBS on Monday, September 21, 2015. It returned to its regular Thursday time slot on November 5, 2015 for the season's seventh episode. It concluded on May 12, 2016. On March 12, 2014, "The Big Bang Theory" was renewed for an additional three years, extending it through the 2016–17 season for a total of ten seasons. Laura Spencer was upgraded to the main cast during the season as Dr. Emily Sweeney, after being a recurring cast member for two seasons.

neg: Cosmological argument about the Big Bang or whether the universe had a beginning. The question is not about what got things started or how long they have been going, but rather what keeps them going. Alternatively, the above objections can be dispelled by separating the Cosmological Argument from the A-Theory of Time and subsequently discussing God as a "timeless" (rather than "before" in a linear sense) cause of the Big Bang. There is also a Big Bang Argument, which is a variation of the Cosmological Argument using the Big Bang Theory to validate the premise that the Universe had a beginning. Cosmological

neg: History of the Big Bang theory understanding what happened in the earliest times after the Big Bang, and reconciling observations with the basic theory. Cosmologists continue to calculate many of the parameters of the Big Bang to a new level of precision, and carry out more detailed observations which are hoped to provide clues to the nature of dark energy and dark matter, and to test the theory of General Relativity on cosmic scales. History of the Big Bang theory The history of the Big Bang theory began with the Big Bang's development from observations and theoretical considerations. Much of the theoretical work in cosmology now

neg: The Big Bang Theory (season 3) Jim Parsons". The American Film Institute ranked season three one of the ten best television seasons of 2009. The Big Bang Theory (season 3) The third season of the American sitcom "The Big Bang Theory" was originally aired on CBS from September 21, 2009 to May 24, 2010 with 23 episodes. It received higher ratings than the previous two seasons with over 15 million viewers. Season three started three months after the end of season two when the guys left for the North Pole. The third season saw the first appearances of future main cast members Melissa Rauch as Bernadette

neg: The Big Bang Theory season. The second half of season seven aired in mid 2014. The eighth season premiered on E4 on October 23, 2014 at 8:30 p.m. During its eighth season, "The Big Bang Theory" shared its 8:30 p.m. time period with fellow CBS comedy, "2 Broke Girls". Following the airing of the first eight episodes of that show's fourth season, "The Big Bang Theory" returned to finish airing its eighth season on March 19, 2015. Netflix UK & Ireland announced on February 13, 2016 that seasons 1–8 would be available to stream from February 15, 2016. "The Big Bang Theory" started off

neg: The Big Bang Theory (season 8) The Big Bang Theory (season 8) The eighth season of the American sitcom "The Big Bang Theory" first aired on CBS with a one-hour premiere on Monday, September 22, 2014. It returned to its previous Thursday time slot on October 30 for the season's seventh episode. It concluded on May 7, 2015. On March 12, 2014, "The Big Bang Theory" was renewed for an additional three years, extending it through the 2016–17 season for a total of ten seasons. Mayim Bialik submitted the episode "The Prom Equivalency" for consideration due to her nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding

neg: The Big Bang Theory quietly in Canada, but managed to garner major success in later seasons. "The Big Bang Theory" is telecast throughout Canada via the CTV Television Network in simultaneous substitution with cross-border CBS affiliates. Now immensely popular in Canada, "The Big Bang Theory" is also rerun daily on the Canadian cable channel The Comedy Network. The season 4 premiere garnered an estimated 3.1 million viewers across Canada. This is the largest audience for a sitcom since the series finale of "Friends" (12.4 million viewers). "The Big Bang Theory" has pulled ahead and has now become the most-watched entertainment television show in Canada.

neg: Creationist cosmologies to try and explain how they think we might have been created without a Creator." One of the most common creationist criticisms of the Big Bang concerns the horizon problem and supposed problems with the inflationary theory of the early universe. Creationists have claimed that dark matter and dark energy are doubtful concepts invented by Big Bang theorists in order to uphold the theory. Creationists also point to the Baryon asymmetry problem, i.e., that the big bang is expected to have produced equal amounts of matter and antimatter. One of the largest problems facing the young Earth creationist theory is

neg: Meaning of life life on other worlds, including replicating structures made from materials other than DNA. Though the Big Bang theory was met with much skepticism when first introduced, it has become well-supported by several independent observations. However, current physics can only describe the early universe from 10 seconds after the Big Bang (where zero time corresponds to infinite temperature); a theory of quantum gravity would be required to understand events before that time. Nevertheless, many physicists have speculated about what would have preceded this limit, and how the universe came into being. For example, one interpretation is that the Big Bang occurred

neg: Sitcom list. In 2011, IGN named "Arrested Development" the "funniest show of all time". Its humor has been cited as a key influence on later single-camera sitcoms such as "30 Rock" and "Community". "How I Met Your Mother" was a sitcom which aired from 2005 to 2014 on CBS, lasting 9 seasons. The show won 9 Emmy awards and 18 awards in general, while being nominated for 72 awards. It became successful in many places across the world. "The Big Bang Theory" is a sitcom named after the scientific theory. It began airing in 2007 on CBS and is currently on

neg: Pilot (The Big Bang Theory) Pilot (The Big Bang Theory) The pilot episode and series premiere of "The Big Bang Theory" originally aired on CBS in the United States on September 24, 2007. It was written by Chuck Lorre and Bill Prady, and directed by James Burrows. It marks the first appearance of all five main characters in the series, and also guest stars Vernée Watson as Althea and Brian Patrick Wade as Kurt. Leonard Hofstadter and Sheldon Cooper are two intelligent young physicists who have a combined IQ of 360 and claim to have "beautiful minds" that understand how the universe works. However, they

neg: Religious interpretations of the Big Bang theory Religious interpretations of the Big Bang theory Since the emergence of the Big Bang theory as the dominant physical cosmological paradigm, there have been a variety of reactions by religious groups regarding its implications for religious cosmologies. Some accept the scientific evidence at face value, some seek to harmonize the Big Bang with their religious tenets, and some reject or ignore the evidence for the Big Bang theory. The Big Bang itself is a scientific theory and as such stands or falls by its agreement with observations. However, as a theory which addresses the nature of the universe since its

neg: The Big Bang Theory (season 3) The Big Bang Theory (season 3) The third season of the American sitcom "The Big Bang Theory" was originally aired on CBS from September 21, 2009 to May 24, 2010 with 23 episodes. It received higher ratings than the previous two seasons with over 15 million viewers. Season three started three months after the end of season two when the guys left for the North Pole. The third season saw the first appearances of future main cast members Melissa Rauch as Bernadette Rostenkowski in "The Creepy Candy Coating Corollary" and Mayim Bialik as Dr. Amy Farrah Fowler in the season

neg: The Big Bang Theory (season 12) The Big Bang Theory (season 12) The twelfth and final season of the American television sitcom "The Big Bang Theory" premiered on CBS on September 24, 2018. The series returned to its regular Thursday time slot on September 27, 2018. In March 2017, CBS renewed the series for two additional seasons, bringing its total to twelve, and running through the 2018–19 television season. On August 22, 2018, CBS and Warner Bros. Television officially announced that the twelfth season would be the series' last. This stems from Jim Parsons' decision to leave the series at the end of the season if

neg: The Big Bang Theory (season 12) the show were to be renewed for a thirteenth season. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> The Big Bang Theory (season 12) The twelfth and final season of the American television sitcom "The Big Bang Theory" premiered on CBS on September 24, 2018. The series returned to its regular Thursday time slot on September 27, 2018. In March 2017, CBS renewed the series for two additional seasons, bringing its total to twelve, and running through the 2018–19 television season. On August 22, 2018, CBS and Warner Bros. Television officially announced that the twelfth season would be the series' last. This stems from Jim Parsons'

neg: The Big Bang Theory All Time. "The Big Bang Theory" started off slowly in the ratings, failing to make the top 50 in its first season (ranking 68th), and ranking 40th in its second season. When the third season premiered on September 21, 2009, however, "The Big Bang Theory" ranked as CBS's highest-rated show of that evening in the adults 18–49 demographic (4.6/10) along with a then-series-high 12.83 million viewers. After the first three seasons aired at different times on Monday nights, CBS moved the show to Thursdays at 8:00 ET for the 2010–2011 schedule, to be in direct competition with NBC's Comedy Block

neg: Universe and gravitation led to ever more accurate descriptions of the Universe. The modern era of cosmology began with Albert Einstein's 1915 general theory of relativity, which made it possible to quantitatively predict the origin, evolution, and conclusion of the Universe as a whole. Most modern, accepted theories of cosmology are based on general relativity and, more specifically, the predicted Big Bang. Many cultures have stories describing the origin of the world and universe. Cultures generally regard these stories as having some truth. There are however many differing beliefs in how these stories apply amongst those believing in a supernatural origin,

neg: The Big Bang Theory (season 8) excited about with regard to this coming season" with some of the central characters more comfortable around each other. Emily Gould of "Salon" criticized the humor, writing that "I watched all seven episodes that had aired so far this season and didn't so much as expel air forcefully from my nose in response to any of the jokes". Oliver Sava of "The A.V. Club" also criticized the humor, writing that "A lot of the jokes are tired and the plotlines are standard sitcom material, but if it's worked for seven seasons, why switch it up now?" The Big Bang Theory

neg: Big Bang Big Bang The Big Bang theory is the prevailing cosmological model for the observable universe from the earliest known periods through its subsequent large-scale evolution. The model describes how the universe expanded from a very high-density and high-temperature state, and offers a comprehensive explanation for a broad range of phenomena, including the abundance of light elements, the cosmic microwave background (CMB), large scale structure and Hubble's law (the farther away galaxies are, the faster they are moving away from Earth). If the observed conditions are extrapolated backwards in time using the known laws of physics, the prediction is that just

neg: Big Bang value of the baryon-to-photon ratio. The agreement is excellent for deuterium, close but formally discrepant for <chem>^4He</chem>, and off by a factor of two for <chem>^7Li</chem>; in the latter two cases there are substantial systematic uncertainties. Nonetheless, the general consistency with abundances predicted by Big Bang nucleosynthesis is strong evidence for the Big Bang, as the theory is the only known explanation for the relative abundances of light elements, and it is virtually impossible to "tune" the Big Bang to produce much more or less than 20–30% helium. Indeed, there is no obvious reason outside of the Big Bang that,

neg: Laura Spencer (actress) begun a formerly recurring role as Jessica Warren on "Bones." Laura Spencer (actress) Laura Spencer (born May 8, 1986) is an American actress. She is known for playing Jane Bennet in the 2012 web series "The Lizzie Bennet Diaries" which is an adaptation of "Pride and Prejudice", intern Jessica Warren on seasons 9 through 12 of "Bones" and Emily Sweeney on seasons 7 through 10 of the CBS television series "The Big Bang Theory". Spencer had a main role as Emily Sweeney, Raj's girlfriend on "The Big Bang Theory," which began in that show's seventh season, in the March 6,

neg: Laura Spencer (actress) Laura Spencer (actress) Laura Spencer (born May 8, 1986) is an American actress. She is known for playing Jane Bennet in the 2012 web series "The Lizzie Bennet Diaries" which is an adaptation of "Pride and Prejudice", intern Jessica Warren on seasons 9 through 12 of "Bones" and Emily Sweeney on seasons 7 through 10 of the CBS television series "The Big Bang Theory". Spencer had a main role as Emily Sweeney, Raj's girlfriend on "The Big Bang Theory," which began in that show's seventh season, in the March 6, 2014 episode "The Friendship Turbulence." That same year, she had

neg: Physical cosmology Asher Alpher, and Robert Herman. It was used for many years as a probe of physics at the time of the Big Bang, as the theory of Big Bang nucleosynthesis connects the abundances of primordial light elements with the features of the early universe. Specifically, it can be used to test the equivalence principle, to probe dark matter, and test neutrino physics. Some cosmologists have proposed that Big Bang nucleosynthesis suggests there is a fourth "sterile" species of neutrino. The ΛCDM (Lambda cold dark matter) or Lambda-CDM model is a parametrization of the Big Bang cosmological model in which the

neg: The Beginning and End of the Universe The Beginning and End of the Universe The Beginning and End of the Universe is a two-part British television series outlining the theory of the beginning of the universe and the theories about its ending. This episode, exploring theories of how the universe came into being, outlines the realisation of Edwin Hubble that the universe is expanding, and the discovery of the residual radiation that gave weight to the Big Bang theory. It also highlights some lesser known theorists including Georges Lemaître, who first theorised that there was a big bang, Ralph Alpher, who stated that the light from this

neg: Religious interpretations of the Big Bang theory earliest discernible existence, the Big Bang carries possible theological implications regarding the concept of creation out of nothing. Many atheist philosophers have argued against the idea of the Universe having a beginning - the Universe might simply have existed for all eternity, but with the emerging evidence of the Big Bang theory, many theologians and physicists have viewed it as implicating theism; a popular philosophical argument for the existence of God known as the Kalam cosmological argument rests in the concepts of the Big Bang. In the 1920s and 1930s almost every major cosmologist preferred an eternal steady state Universe,

neg: The Big Bang Theory "The Big Bang Theory" premiered in the United States on September 24, 2007 on CBS. The series debuted in Canada on CTV in September 2007. On February 14, 2008, the series debuted in the United Kingdom on channels E4 and Channel 4. In Australia the first seven seasons of the series began airing on the Seven Network and 7mate from October 2015 and also gained the rights to season 8 in 2016, though the Nine Network has rights to air seasons nine & ten. On January 22, 2018, it was announced that Nine had acquired the rights to Season 1–8.

neg: History of the Big Bang theory History of the Big Bang theory The history of the Big Bang theory began with the Big Bang's development from observations and theoretical considerations. Much of the theoretical work in cosmology now involves extensions and refinements to the basic Big Bang model. In medieval philosophy, there was much debate over whether the universe had a finite or infinite past (see Temporal finitism). The philosophy of Aristotle held that the universe had an infinite past, which caused problems for medieval Jewish and Islamic philosophers who were unable to reconcile the Aristotelian conception of the eternal with the Abrahamic view of creation.

neg: Identity Crisis (Person of Interest) Bang Theory" although being first in terms of viewership, first on its timeslot and third for the night in the 18-49 demographics, behind "American Idol", and "The Big Bang Theory". "Identity Crisis" received positive reviews from critics. Keysha Couzens of "TV Overmind" wrote "How can someone's identity truly be defined? Is it merely how they are perceived by others or is it the measure of what a man (or woman) has done that dictates who they are? In the latest episode of "Person of Interest" both of these concepts were examined as a "POI" popped up with two names and

neg: Big Bang liveliest areas in the discourse between science and religion. Some believe the Big Bang implies a creator, and some see its mention in their holy books, while others argue that Big Bang cosmology makes the notion of a creator superfluous. Big Bang The Big Bang theory is the prevailing cosmological model for the observable universe from the earliest known periods through its subsequent large-scale evolution. The model describes how the universe expanded from a very high-density and high-temperature state, and offers a comprehensive explanation for a broad range of phenomena, including the abundance of light elements, the cosmic microwave background

neg: Big Bang with inflationary theory, but the details of the inflationary universe are still left unresolved and many, including some founders of the theory, say it has been disproven. What follows are a list of the mysterious aspects of the Big Bang theory still under intense investigation by cosmologists and astrophysicists. It is not yet understood why the universe has more matter than antimatter. It is generally assumed that when the universe was young and very hot it was in statistical equilibrium and contained equal numbers of baryons and antibaryons. However, observations suggest that the universe, including its most distant parts, is

neg: Big Bang (book) of the Big Bang theory, the book tells the personal stories of the people who played a part in advancing it, both by hypothesis and by experiment. These include Einstein, for his General Relativity, Friedmann for first discovering that this theory led to an expanding universe, Lemaître who concluded independently of Friedman discovered an expanding universe, and then that the theory must lead to an initial event of creation, which is the Big Bang theory we know today, Hubble for observing that the universe expanded, thereby confirming Friedman and Lemaître, Gamow, Alpher, Herman, Ryle, Penzias and Wilson, among many others.

neg: Religious interpretations of the Big Bang theory sign of the Primal Will in the phenomenal world... The ethereal matter is, therefore, the cause, since light, heat, and electricity appear from it. It is also the effect, for as vibrations take place in it, they become visible...". Jean-Marc Lepain, Robin Mihrshahi, Dale E. Lehman and Julio Savi suggest a possible relation of this statement with the Big Bang theory. Writing for the Kyoto Bulletin of Islamic Area Studies, Haslin Hasan and Ab. Hafiz Mat Tuah wrote that modern scientific ideas on cosmology are creating new ideas on how to interpret the Quran's cosmogonical terms. In particular, some modern-day

neg: Big Bang of the origin and evolution of the universe. Much of the current work in cosmology includes understanding how galaxies form in the context of the Big Bang, understanding the physics of the universe at earlier and earlier times, and reconciling observations with the basic theory. In 1968 and 1970 Roger Penrose, Stephen Hawking, and George F. R. Ellis published papers where they showed that mathematical singularities were an inevitable initial condition of general relativistic models of the Big Bang. Then, from the 1970s to the 1990s, cosmologists worked on characterizing the features of the Big Bang universe and resolving outstanding

neg: The Big Bang Theory (season 1) The Big Bang Theory (season 1) The first season of the American sitcom "The Big Bang Theory" was originally aired on CBS from September 24, 2007, to May 19, 2008, over 17 episodes. An unaired pilot also exists. The Season 1 DVD came without a gag reel and is, so far, the only "Big Bang Theory" DVD set not to have one. The reissued Blu-ray, was released July 10, 2012, and includes a gag reel that is exclusive to the set. The episodes on Blu-ray are all in remastered surround sound, whereas the DVD version had stereo. Two of the

neg: String theory helium, and the existence of a cosmic microwave background, there are several questions that remain unanswered. For example, the standard Big Bang model does not explain why the universe appears to be same in all directions, why it appears flat on very large distance scales, or why certain hypothesized particles such as magnetic monopoles are not observed in experiments. Currently, the leading candidate for a theory going beyond the Big Bang is the theory of cosmic inflation. Developed by Alan Guth and others in the 1980s, inflation postulates a period of extremely rapid accelerated expansion of the universe prior to

neg: Religious interpretations of the Big Bang theory such as Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri, who is a Sufi scholar, and Muhammad Asad, who was a nondenominational Muslim scholar. Further, some scholars such as Faheem Ashraf of the Islamic Research Foundation International, Inc. and Sheikh Omar Suleiman of the Yaqeen Institute for Islamic Research argue that the scientific theory of an expanding universe is described in Sūrat adh-Dhāriyāt: Religious interpretations of the Big Bang theory Since the emergence of the Big Bang theory as the dominant physical cosmological paradigm, there have been a variety of reactions by religious groups regarding its implications for religious cosmologies. Some accept the scientific evidence at

neg: String theory the expansion described by the standard Big Bang theory. The theory of cosmic inflation preserves the successes of the Big Bang while providing a natural explanation for some of the mysterious features of the universe. The theory has also received striking support from observations of the cosmic microwave background, the radiation that has filled the sky since around 380,000 years after the Big Bang. In the theory of inflation, the rapid initial expansion of the universe is caused by a hypothetical particle called the inflaton. The exact properties of this particle are not fixed by the theory but should ultimately

neg: Big Bang Future gravitational waves observatories might be able to detect primordial gravitational waves, relics of the early universe, up to less than a second after the Big Bang. As with any theory, a number of mysteries and problems have arisen as a result of the development of the Big Bang theory. Some of these mysteries and problems have been resolved while others are still outstanding. Proposed solutions to some of the problems in the Big Bang model have revealed new mysteries of their own. For example, the horizon problem, the magnetic monopole problem, and the flatness problem are most commonly resolved

neg: History of the Big Bang theory and the consensus became widespread, Hoyle himself, albeit somewhat reluctantly, admitted to it by formulating a new cosmological model that other scientists later referred to as the "Steady Bang". From around 1950 to 1965, the support for these theories was evenly divided, with a slight imbalance arising from the fact that the Big Bang theory could explain both the formation and the observed abundances of hydrogen and helium, whereas the Steady State could explain how they were formed, but not why they should have the observed abundances. However, the observational evidence began to support the idea that the universe evolved

neg: The Big Bang Theory (season 3) still annoy him). Wil Wheaton begins appearing as Sheldon's arch-enemy. Howard begins to date Bernadette Rostenkowski. At the end of the season, Sheldon meets Amy Farrah Fowler. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> The third season received favorable reviews. Maureen Ryan of "Chicago Tribune" wrote that ""Big Bang Theory," which is in its third season, is doing many things very right", Alan Sepinwall of "The Star-Ledger" wrote "the Penny/Sheldon interaction was gold, as always", and Ken Tucker of "Entertainment Weekly", who wrote that "what lifts "The Big Bang Theory" into frequent excellence is its one constant from the start: the brilliantly nuanced performance of

neg: Penny (The Big Bang Theory) the potential to be a bimbo, but she [Cucco] has developed it into a fully fleshed-out woman, who isn't as book-smart as the other characters but is wiser in so many ways. She's also a great straight person, who can get off zingers of her own". Penny (The Big Bang Theory) Penny is a fictional character on the American CBS sitcom "The Big Bang Theory", portrayed by actress Kaley Cuoco. She is the primary female character in the series, befriending her across-the-hall neighbors Leonard Hofstadter (Johnny Galecki) and Sheldon Cooper (Jim Parsons), two physicists who work at the nearby California

neg: The Big Bang Theory progress to the boards ... . We worked hard to get all the science right." Several of the actors in "The Big Bang Theory" previously worked together on the sitcom "Roseanne", including Johnny Galecki, Sara Gilbert, Laurie Metcalf (who plays Sheldon's mother, Mary Cooper), and Meagen Fay (who plays Bernadette's mother). Additionally, Lorre was a writer on the series for several seasons. The Canadian alternative rock band Barenaked Ladies wrote and recorded the show's theme song, which describes the history and formation of the universe and the Earth. Co-lead singer Ed Robertson was asked by Lorre and Prady to write

neg: Cosmic microwave background the polarization and the microwave background on small angular scales are ongoing. These include DASI, WMAP, BOOMERanG, QUaD, Planck spacecraft, Atacama Cosmology Telescope, South Pole Telescope and the QUIET telescope. The cosmic microwave background radiation and the cosmological redshift-distance relation are together regarded as the best available evidence for the Big Bang theory. Measurements of the CMB have made the inflationary Big Bang theory the Standard Cosmological Model. The discovery of the CMB in the mid-1960s curtailed interest in alternatives such as the steady state theory. The CMB essentially confirms the Big Bang theory. In the late 1940s Alpher and

neg: Pre–Big Bang physics theory, and say that time began at the Big Bang. Events before the Big Bang, are simply not defined, because there's no way one could measure what happened at them." However, pre-big bang singularity might have emerged or preceded by possibly certain events, such as: Pre–Big Bang physics Pre–Big Bang physics (PBBP) are physics which can be speculated to have existed prior to the Big Bang. PBBP may have been radically different from the current laws of physics. Although theoretical speculation on possible PBBP have only begun, research into the field could hold incredible implications for the makeup of the

neg: How I Met Your Mother announced a change in the timeslot to 8:30 pm ET/7:30 pm CT, flip-flopping from the summer schedule with "The Big Bang Theory". CBS renewed the show for a fourth season on May 14, 2008, which premiered on September 22, 2008. In September 2008, Lifetime Television announced it had purchased the cable rerun rights to "How I Met Your Mother" at a rate of about $725,000 per episode. The four-year syndication contract stipulated that the studio deliver at least 110 half-hour episodes by the year 2010, and allowed for up to eight seasons of the show. At the end of the

neg: Big Bang nucleosynthesis conditions. The denser the initial universe was, the more deuterium would be converted to helium-4 before time ran out, and the less deuterium would remain. There are no known post-Big Bang processes which can produce significant amounts of deuterium. Hence observations about deuterium abundance suggest that the universe is not infinitely old, which is in accordance with the Big Bang theory. During the 1970s, there were major efforts to find processes that could produce deuterium, but those revealed ways of producing isotopes other than deuterium. The problem was that while the concentration of deuterium in the universe is consistent with

neg: Big Bang There is no well-supported model describing the action prior to 10 seconds or so. Apparently a new unified theory of quantum gravitation is needed to break this barrier. Understanding this earliest of eras in the history of the universe is currently one of the greatest unsolved problems in physics. The Big Bang theory depends on two major assumptions: the universality of physical laws and the cosmological principle. The cosmological principle states that on large scales the universe is homogeneous and isotropic. These ideas were initially taken as postulates, but today there are efforts to test each of them. For example,

neg: A Brief History of Time density and zero volume known as 'singularity', a point where General theory of Relativity (Friedmann's solutions are based in it) also breaks down. This concept of the beginning of time was against many religious beliefs, so a new theory was introduced 'Steady state theory' by Hermann Bondi, Thomas Gold and Fred Hoyle to tackle the Big bang theory. Its predictions also matched with the current Universe structure. But the fact that radiowave sources near us are far less than the distant universe and there were numerous more radio sources than at present, resulted in failure of this theory and everybody

neg: The Big Bang Theory The review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 52% approval rating for the first season based on reviews from 23 critics, with an average rating of 5.18/10. The website's critical consensus reads, ""The Big Bang Theory" brings a new class of character to mainstream television, but much of the comedy feels formulaic and stiff." On Metacritic, the season holds a score of 57 out of 100, based on reviews from 23 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Later seasons received more acclaim and in 2013, "TV Guide" ranked the series #52 on its list of the 60 Best Series of

neg: The Egg Salad Equivalency an A, calling it "one of the strongest episodes of "The Big Bang Theory"’s six seasons", in which Sheldon's comments to women reached ""Curb Your Enthusiasm" levels of awkwardness". The Egg Salad Equivalency "The Egg Salad Equivalency" is the twelfth episode of the sixth season of the American comedy television series "The Big Bang Theory". The episode was originally aired the CBS television network on January 3, 2013. The story was created by Chuck Lorre, Eric Kaplan and Jim Reynolds, then turned into teleplay by Steven Molaro, Bill Prady and Steve Holland. Mark Cendrowski directed the episode. "The Egg Salad

neg: The Big Bang Theory (season 6) space, June Thomas of "Slate" wrote that ""The Big Bang Theory"s creators deserve praise for their willingness to shake things up. After five incredibly successful seasons of nerdy laughs, it would’ve been easy to coast. Instead, they chose to press the reset button and disrupt the familiar friendships. Still, I hope things settle down soon, because so far this season, it’s all been a bit of a bummer". Oliver Sava of "The A.V. Club" criticized the character of Wolowitz's mother, writing that "Howard's mom has outlived her usefulness on this series, and rather than an obstacle for the character, she’s

neg: The Big Bang Theory viewers with 20.44 million. Showrunner Steve Molaro, who took over from Bill Prady with the sixth season, credits some of the show's success to the sitcom's exposure in off-network syndication, particularly on TBS, while Michael Schneider of "TV Guide" attributes it to the timeslot move two seasons earlier. Chuck Lorre and CBS Entertainment president Nina Tassler also credit the success to the influence of Molaro, in particular the deepening exploration of the firmly established regular characters and their interpersonal relationships, such as the on-again, off-again relationship between Leonard and Penny. Throughout much of the 2012–13 season, "The Big Bang Theory"

neg: The Big Bang Theory (season 7) the 66th Primetime Emmy Awards for the episode "The Relationship Diremption". Bob Newhart submitted the episode "The Proton Transmogrification" for consideration due to his nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series at the 66th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards. Lucasfilm helped with the creation of the episode. On March 12, 2014, "The Big Bang Theory" was renewed for an additional three years, extending it through the 2016–17 season for a total of ten seasons. Production for the seventh season began on August 14, 2013. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> The seventh season received positive reviews. Oliver

neg: Gideon Joubert The cover of the earlier editions features a photo of M16 (also known as the "Eagle Nebula"). The book is mainly about how God had planned the universe and how it is unrealistic to assume that the universe had come into existence by mere chance. Unlike other Christian non-fiction works about cosmology and cosmogony, "Die Groot Gedagte" does not do away with the Big Bang theory, but rather suggests that the Big Bang was the result of a greater Intelligence which had planned how the universe would turn out. The book has received widespread positive responses, although some have criticized

neg: Time in physics issues: what happened between the singularity of the Big Bang and the Planck time, which, after all, is the smallest observable time. When might have time separated out from the spacetime foam; there are only hints based on broken symmetries (see Spontaneous symmetry breaking, Timeline of the Big Bang, and the articles in ). General relativity gave us our modern notion of the expanding universe that started in the Big Bang. Using relativity and quantum theory we have been able to roughly reconstruct the history of the universe. In our epoch, during which electromagnetic waves can propagate without being disturbed

neg: Religious interpretations of the Big Bang theory Muslim groups have advocated for interpreting the term "al-sama", traditionally believed to be a reference to both the sky and the seven heavens, as instead referring to the universe as a whole. Mirza Tahir Ahmad, head of the Ahmadiyya Muslim community, asserted in his book Revelation, Rationality, Knowledge & Truth that the Big Bang theory was foretold in the Quran. He referenced the verse 30 of the Sūrat al-Anbiyāʼ, which ostensibly mentions the initial singularity: This view that the Qu'ran references the initial singularity of the Big Bang is also accepted by many Muslim scholars outside of the Ahmadiyya community

neg: The Beginning and End of the Universe while there are "oodles of graphs and stats," which he explains, "with seemingly effortless lucidity," regular viewers of "Horizon", "might be immune to the barrage of cosmic stats." The Beginning and End of the Universe The Beginning and End of the Universe is a two-part British television series outlining the theory of the beginning of the universe and the theories about its ending. This episode, exploring theories of how the universe came into being, outlines the realisation of Edwin Hubble that the universe is expanding, and the discovery of the residual radiation that gave weight to the Big Bang theory.

neg: Big Bounce Elmore Leonard in 1969, shortly after increased public awareness of the Big Bang model with of the discovery of the cosmic microwave background by Penzias and Wilson in 1965.) Martin Bojowald, an assistant professor of physics at Pennsylvania State University, published a study in July 2007 detailing work somewhat related to loop quantum gravity that claimed to mathematically solve the time before the Big Bang, which would give new weight to the oscillatory universe and Big Bounce theories. One of the main problems with the Big Bang theory is that at the moment of the Big Bang, there is a

neg: The Big Bang Theory Internet. On the evolution of the show, Chuck Lorre said, "We did the 'Big Bang Pilot' about two and a half years ago, and it sucked ... but there were two remarkable things that worked perfectly, and that was Johnny and Jim. We rewrote the thing entirely and then we were blessed with Kaley and Simon and Kunal." As to whether the world will ever see the original pilot on a future DVD release, Lorre said, "Wow, that would be something. We will see. Show your failures..." The first and second pilots of "The Big Bang Theory" were directed by

neg: Warm Kitty Warm Kitty "Warm Kitty" is a children's song, popularized by the characters Sheldon and Penny in the American sitcom "The Big Bang Theory" where it is rendered as "Soft Kitty". According to claims in a copyright lawsuit, the words to "Warm Kitty" were written by Edith Newlin. The original version is a very popular Polish traditional lullaby "", a folk tune from the 18th century. In "The Big Bang Theory", the song is described by Sheldon as a song sung by his mother when he is ill. The lyrics on "The Big Bang Theory" are: "soft kitty, warm kitty, little

neg: The Beta Test Initiation noted the "episode was a great example of how "The Big Bang Theory" works best as an "ensemble"." Elizabeth also enjoyed Raj's dinner party and the manner in which his "creepy" behavior disturbed Howard and Bernadette. R.L. Shaffer of IGN found that the episode "felt a lot more along the lines of the first two seasons" since the fans got "to watch our nerds do what they do best – nerd out". R.L. Shaffer liked Sheldon's "Fun with Flags" series, calling it "one of the season's funnier gags." He also enjoyed the approach of Penny and Leonard's date, though he

neg: History of the Big Bang theory correct. No other cosmological theory can yet explain such a wide range of observed parameters, from the ratio of the elemental abundances in the early universe to the structure of the cosmic microwave background, the observed higher abundance of active galactic nuclei in the early universe and the observed masses of clusters of galaxies. In 2013 and 2015, ESA's Planck spacecraft released even more detailed images of the cosmic microwave background, showing consistency with the Lambda-CDM model to still higher precision. Much of the current work in cosmology includes understanding how galaxies form in the context of the Big Bang,

neg: Masquerade (Person of Interest) "The Big Bang Theory", second on its timeslot and fourth for the night in the 18-49 demographics, behind "Grey's Anatomy", "Two and a Half Men", and "The Big Bang Theory". "Masquerade" received mostly positive reviews from critics. Phil Dyess-Nugent of "The A.V. Club" gave the episode a "A-" grade and wrote, ""Person Of Interest" has even managed to add a faithful dog to its regular cast without making me gag. Considering how much talent goes into the average hour of television, and what networks pay people to exercise their talents, meat-and-potatoes genre fare as satisfying as "Person Of Interest" is

neg: WABI-TV the station generally carries the full slate of CBS programming. Syndicated programming on WABI includes "How I Met Your Mother", "The Big Bang Theory", "The Ellen DeGeneres Show", and "The Dr. Oz Show" among others. WABI-TV also airs first-run episodes of "The Big Bang Theory" through CBS. At one point, it did not carry all of the network's Southeastern Conference (SEC) college football games on weekends. For several years, the games that were not shown appeared on low-powered Ion affiliate WBGR-LP. WABI preempted CBS games that conflicted with local sports programming and/or its weekend 6 o'clock news and 7 o'clock

neg: The Big Bang Theory (season 4) only on the women, and in the process has made Penny a much more well-rounded character rather than just a foil for the nerds". Todd VanDerWerff of "The A.V. Club" wrote that "Jim Parsons and Kaley Cuoco's interplay remains the show's secret weapon", and Eric Hochberger of TV Fanatic wrote: "Really though, everything about the main story worked amazing. Mayim fits in perfectly in "The Big Bang Theory" cast and played off of Kaley Cuoco just as well as Emmy Award-winning Parsons". The Big Bang Theory (season 4) The fourth season of the American sitcom "The Big Bang Theory", began

neg: The Big Bang Theory show's pilot episode premiered on September 25, 2017. Subsequent weekly episodes began airing on November 2, 2017 following the broadcast of the 237th episode of "The Big Bang Theory". The Big Bang Theory The Big Bang Theory is an American television sitcom created by Chuck Lorre and Bill Prady, both of whom serve as executive producers on the series, along with Steven Molaro. All three also serve as head writers. The show premiered on CBS on September 24, 2007. The twelfth and final season which will run through 2018–19 premiered on September 24, 2018, consisting of 24 episodes. The show

neg: How to Save a Life (Grey's Anatomy) pm slot, beating "Bones", "The Vampire Diaries" and a rerun on "The Blacklist", but was beaten by "The Big Bang Theory". The 9.55 million people tuned into the episode marked a 24 percent increase from the previous episode (7.60), in addition to the installment's 2.8 Nielsen rating in the target 18–49 demographic marked a 33 percent increase from the previous episode (2.1). The Nielsen score additionally registered the show as the week's highest rated drama and third-highest rated scripted series in the 18–49 demographic, only behind CBS's "The Big Bang Theory" (3.6) and ABC's "Modern Family" (3.0). The episode received

neg: The Big Bang Theory (season 5) The Big Bang Theory (season 5) The fifth season of the American sitcom "The Big Bang Theory" was originally aired on CBS from September 22, 2011, to May 10, 2012, over 24 episodes. At the 64th Primetime Emmy Awards, "The Big Bang Theory" was nominated for Outstanding Comedy Series, but "Modern Family" on ABC won. The show was also nominated for Outstanding Technical Direction, Camerawork, Video Control for a Series and Outstanding Multi-Camera Picture Editing For A Comedy Series. Jim Parsons (Sheldon Cooper) was nominated for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series for "The Werewolf Transformation", but lost out

neg: The Big Bang Theory Lorre and Molaro, with Prady expected to be involved in some capacity, and intended to air in the 2017–18 season alongside "The Big Bang Theory". The initial idea for the series came from Parsons, who passed it along to "The Big Bang Theory" producers. In early March 2017, Iain Armitage was cast as the younger Sheldon, as well as Zoe Perry as his mother, Mary Cooper. Perry is the real-life daughter of Laurie Metcalf, who portrays Mary Cooper on "The Big Bang Theory". On March 13, 2017, CBS ordered the spin-off "Young Sheldon" series. Jon Favreau directed and executive produced

neg: Roommate roommate. Therefore, many novels, movies, plays, and television programs employ roommates as a basic principle or a plot device (such as the popular series "Friends" or "The Big Bang Theory"). Sharing a house or a flat is also very common in European countries such as France (French "colocation", corenting) or Germany (German "WG" for "Wohngemeinschaft", living [together] community). Many websites are specialized in finding a flatmate. On the other hand, it is less common for people of any age to live with roommates in some countries, such as Japan, where single-person one-room apartments are plentiful. There are many different forms

neg: Big Bang advocated and developed by George Gamow, who introduced big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) and whose associates, Ralph Alpher and Robert Herman, predicted the CMB. Ironically, it was Hoyle who coined the phrase that came to be applied to Lemaître's theory, referring to it as "this "big bang" idea" during a BBC Radio broadcast in March 1949. For a while, support was split between these two theories. Eventually, the observational evidence, most notably from radio source counts, began to favor Big Bang over Steady State. The discovery and confirmation of the CMB in 1964 secured the Big Bang as the best theory

neg: Event symmetry of general relativity and quantum mechanics must be found. Only then can physicists hope to understand the realms where gravity and quantum come together. The big bang is one such place. The task to find such a theory of quantum gravity is one of the major scientific endeavours of our time. Many physicists believe that string theory is the leading candidate, but string theory has so far failed to provide an adequate description of the big bang, and its success is just as incomplete in other ways. That could be because physicists do not really know what the correct underlying

neg: Religious interpretations of the Big Bang theory and several complained that the beginning of time implied by the Big Bang imported religious concepts into physics; this objection was later repeated by supporters of the steady state theory, who rejected the implication that the universe had a beginning. The view from the Hindu "Puranas" is that of an eternal universe cosmology, in which time has no absolute beginning, but rather is infinite and cyclic, rather than a universe which originated from a Big Bang. However, the "Encyclopædia of Hinduism", referencing "Katha Upanishad" 2:20, states that the Big Bang theory reminds humanity that everything came from the Brahman which

neg: Big Bang nucleosynthesis test for the Big Bang theory. If the observed helium abundance is significantly different from 25%, then this would pose a serious challenge to the theory. This would particularly be the case if the early helium-4 abundance was much smaller than 25% because it is hard to destroy helium-4. For a few years during the mid-1990s, observations suggested that this might be the case, causing astrophysicists to talk about a Big Bang nucleosynthetic crisis, but further observations were consistent with the Big Bang theory. Deuterium is in some ways the opposite of helium-4, in that while helium-4 is very stable

neg: Absolute hot as strong as other fundamental forces according to current theories. There is no existing scientific theory for the behavior of matter at these energies. A quantum theory of gravity would be required. The models of the origin of the universe based on the Big Bang theory assume that the universe passed through this temperature about 10 seconds (one Planck time) after the Big Bang as a result of enormous entropy expansion. Another theory of absolute hot is based on the Hagedorn temperature, where the thermal energies of the particles exceed the mass-energy of a hadron particle-antiparticle pair. Instead of temperature

neg: Astrology and astronomy that the universe is without a center and is dynamic, expanding outward per the Big Bang theory. Astrologers believe that the position of the stars and planets determine an individual's personality and future. Astronomers study the actual stars and planets, but have found no evidence supporting astrological theories. Psychologists study personality, and while there are many theories of personality, no mainstream theories in that field are based on astrology. (The Myers-Briggs personality typology, based on the works of Carl Jung, has four major categories that correspond to the astrological elements of fire, air, earth, and water. This theory of personality

neg: Many Happy Returns (Person of Interest) to Nielsen Media Research. This was a 4% increase in viewership from the previous episode, which was watched by 12.73 million viewers with a 2.4/6 in the 18-49 demographics. With these ratings, "Person of Interest" was the third most watched show on CBS for the night beating "The Mentalist", but behind "Rules of Engagement", and "The Big Bang Theory", second on its timeslot and fifth for the night in the 18-49 demographics, behind "Rules of Engagement", "Grey's Anatomy", "American Idol", and "The Big Bang Theory". "Many Happy Returns" received very positive reviews from critics. Keysha Couzens of "TV Overmind" wrote

neg: Big Bang for example, the young universe (i.e., before star formation, as determined by studying matter supposedly free of stellar nucleosynthesis products) should have more helium than deuterium or more deuterium than <chem>^3He</chem>, and in constant ratios, too. Detailed observations of the morphology and distribution of galaxies and quasars are in agreement with the current state of the Big Bang theory. A combination of observations and theory suggest that the first quasars and galaxies formed about a billion years after the Big Bang, and since then, larger structures have been forming, such as galaxy clusters and superclusters. Populations of stars have been

neg: Ultimate fate of the universe out a theory that has since come to be called the Big Bang theory of the origin of the universe. In 1948, Fred Hoyle set out his opposing Steady State theory in which the universe continually expanded but remained statistically unchanged as new matter is constantly created. These two theories were active contenders until the 1965 discovery, by Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson, of the cosmic microwave background radiation, a fact that is a straightforward prediction of the Big Bang theory, and one that the original Steady State theory could not account for. As a result, the Big Bang theory

neg: Big Bang nucleosynthesis which there was a sudden burst of element formation. However, very shortly thereafter, around twenty minutes after the Big Bang, the temperature and density became too low for any significant fusion to occur. At this point, the elemental abundances were nearly fixed, and the only changes were the result of the radioactive decay of the two major unstable products of BBN, tritium and beryllium-7. The history of Big Bang nucleosynthesis began with the calculations of Ralph Alpher in the 1940s. Alpher published the Alpher–Bethe–Gamow paper that outlined the theory of light-element production in the early universe. During the 1970s, there

neg: Ultimate fate of the universe mechanics and its uncertainty principle. It is not surprising, therefore, that quantum mechanics has given rise to an alternative version of the Big Bang theory. Also, if the universe is closed, this theory would predict that once this universe collapses it will spawn another universe in an event similar to the Big Bang after a universal singularity is reached or a repulsive quantum force causes re-expansion. In simple terms, this theory states that the universe will continuously repeat the cycle of a Big Bang, followed up with a Big Crunch. In order to best understand the false vacuum collapse theory,

neg: Rainbow gravity theory Rainbow gravity theory Rainbow gravity (or "gravity's rainbow") is a theory that different wavelengths of light experience different gravity levels and are separated in the same way that a prism splits white light into the rainbow. This phenomenon would be imperceptible in areas of relatively low gravity, such as Earth, but would be significant in areas of extremely high gravity, such as a black hole. As such the theory claims to disprove that the universe has a beginning or Big Bang, as the big bang theory calls for all wavelengths of light to be impacted by gravity to the same

neg: Neil Turok notion of the Ekpyrotic Universe, "... a cosmological model in which the hot big bang universe is produced by the collision of a brane in the bulk space with a bounding orbifold plane, beginning from an otherwise cold, vacuous, static universe". Most recently, with Paul Steinhardt at Princeton, Turok has been developing a cyclic model for the universe, in which the big bang is explained as a collision between two "brane-worlds" in M theory. The predictions of this model are in agreement with current cosmological data, but there are interesting differences with the predictions of cosmological inflation which will be

neg: Never Have I Ever many television shows and films including Basketball Wives, "The Walking Dead", "American Pie", "90210", "Beerfest", "Being Erica", "The Boat That Rocked", "Big Brother", "Broad City" , "", the "Ellen DeGeneres Show", "ER", "Family Guy", "Frasier", "Game of Thrones", "Girlfriends","Gossip Girl", "Greek", "Hell's Kitchen", "House of Cards", "How I Met Your Mother", "The L Word", "Lost", "Loving Annabelle", "The Lying Game", "Private Radio", "My Mad Fat Diary", "One Tree Hill", "Outsourced", "The Big Bang Theory", "", "Skins", "Survivor", "The Vampire Diaries", "Veronica Mars", "Awkward", the Bollywood movie, "Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani", and in the 2014 horror film "Unfriended". In addition it

neg: Valerie Azlynn Azlynn landed a supporting role in "The Joe Schmo Show" as Piper "The Bachelorette." She has since appeared in episodes of "Hot in Cleveland", "Cold Case", "", "The Big Bang Theory", "Two and a Half Men", "Rules of Engagement", "How I Met Your Mother", "Joey", "iCarly", "The Loop", "Mr. Sunshine", and many others. From 2012 through 2014, Azlynn starred as Melanie on the TBS comedy "Sullivan & Son". Azlynn has appeared in roles on the big screen, including in "Poseidon" and "Tropic Thunder", among others. In some early movies, Azlynn appeared under the name Valerie Asselin. Valerie Azlynn Valerie Azlynn

neg: Big Bang abundances of light elements produced by Big Bang nucleosynthesis. More recent evidence includes observations of galaxy formation and evolution, and the distribution of large-scale cosmic structures, These are sometimes called the "four pillars" of the Big Bang theory. Precise modern models of the Big Bang appeal to various exotic physical phenomena that have not been observed in terrestrial laboratory experiments or incorporated into the Standard Model of particle physics. Of these features, dark matter is currently subjected to the most active laboratory investigations. Remaining issues include the cuspy halo problem and the dwarf galaxy problem of cold dark matter. Dark

neg: Big Bang about their origin or the cause of the dense and high temperature initial state of the universe. "The Big Bang was "small"": It is misleading to visualize the Big Bang by comparing its size to everyday objects. When the size of the universe at Big Bang is described, it refers to the size of the observable universe, and not the entire universe. "Hubble's law violates the special theory of relativity": Hubble's law predicts that galaxies that are beyond Hubble Distance recede faster than the speed of light. However, special relativity does not apply beyond motion through space. Hubble's law describes

neg: Big Bang to an originating single point, scientists have built on his idea of cosmic expansion. The scientific community was once divided between supporters of two different theories, the Big Bang and the Steady State theory, but a wide range of empirical evidence has strongly favored the Big Bang which is now universally accepted. In 1929, from analysis of galactic redshifts, Edwin Hubble concluded that galaxies are drifting apart; this is important observational evidence consistent with the hypothesis of an expanding universe. In 1964, the cosmic microwave background radiation was discovered, which was crucial evidence in favor of the Big Bang model,

neg: Ernest P. Worrell In the "Beavis and Butt-Head" episode "At the Movies," the boys are watching Ernest at the drive-in. Ernest is inside the Statue of Liberty and comes across a door with a sign that reads "DO NOT ENTER." However, Ernest misreads it as "donut entry" and opens the door, falling through the statue's nose. Other tv shows that have referenced the Ernest movies include "ALF", "Saved by the Bell", "Mystery Science Theater 3000", "Kenan & Kel", "The Nanny", "How I Met Your Mother", "The Big Bang Theory", "Teen Titans Go", and many more. Most of Ernest's commercials were released on VHS

neg: Nobel Prize controversies The joint winners, Arno Allan Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson, had their discovery elucidated by others. Many scientists felt that Ralph Alpher, who predicted the cosmic microwave background radiation and in 1948 worked out the underpinnings of the Big Bang theory, should have shared in the prize or received one independently. In 2005, Alpher received the National Medal of Science for his pioneering contributions to understanding of nucleosynthesis, the prediction of the relic radiation from the Big Bang, as well as for a model for the Big Bang. The 1974 prize went to Martin Ryle and Antony Hewish "for their

neg: Nuclear physics results from fission chain reactions. According to the theory, as the Universe cooled after the Big Bang it eventually became possible for common subatomic particles as we know them (neutrons, protons and electrons) to exist. The most common particles created in the Big Bang which are still easily observable to us today were protons and electrons (in equal numbers). The protons would eventually form hydrogen atoms. Almost all the neutrons created in the Big Bang were absorbed into helium-4 in the first three minutes after the Big Bang, and this helium accounts for most of the helium in the universe

neg: Quantum fiction Entanglements with Quantum Theory", Coale presents novels by Don DeLillo and discusses DeLillo's use of quantum theory and how it is revealed in the structure and style of his novels. Other topics include similarities between quantum theory and postmodernism, the themes of perception and time and space in DeLillo's work, and religious interpretation. In the essay "Psychic Visions and Quantum Physics: Oates’ Big Bang and The Limits of Language," Coale analyzes the literary style of novelist Joyce Carol Oates. According to the Coale, the characters of Oates are indicating that the individual self recognizes the strange and unfathomable otherness at

neg: Big Bang a result of advances in telescope technology as well as the analysis of data from satellites such as COBE, the Hubble Space Telescope and WMAP. Cosmologists now have fairly precise and accurate measurements of many of the parameters of the Big Bang model, and have made the unexpected discovery that the expansion of the universe appears to be accelerating. The earliest and most direct observational evidence of the validity of the theory are the expansion of the universe according to Hubble's law (as indicated by the redshifts of galaxies), discovery and measurement of the cosmic microwave background and the relative

neg: Keith Olive Keith Olive Keith Alison Olive is a theoretical physicist, and director at the William I Fine Theoretical Physics Institute, University of Minnesota, specializing in particle physics and cosmology. His main topics of research are: big bang nucleosynthesis, which is an explanation of the origin of the light element isotopes through 7Li; particle dark matter; big bang baryogenesis, which is an explanation of the matter-antimatter asymmetry observed in nature; and inflation which is a theory constructed to resolve many outstanding problems in standard cosmology. Olive was the 2018 Hans Bethe Prize Recipient; elected a fellow of the American Physical Society in

neg: Ekpyrotic universe an eternal cycle of fiery birth, cooling and rebirth. The theory addresses the fundamental question that remains unanswered by the big bang inflationary model: what happened before the big bang? The explanation, according to the ekpyrotic theory, is that the big bang was actually a big bounce, a transition from a previous epoch of contraction to the present epoch of expansion. The key events that shaped our universe occurred before the bounce, and, in a cyclic version, the universe bounces at regular intervals. The original ekpyrotic models relied on string theory, branes and extra dimensions, but most contemporary ekpyrotic and