query: where do scholars agree agriculture most likely emerged in asia

pos: History of agriculture ammonium nitrate fertilizer on an industrial scale, greatly increasing crop yields. Modern agriculture has raised social, political, and environmental issues including water pollution, biofuels, genetically modified organisms, tariffs and farm subsidies. In response, organic farming developed in the twentieth century as an alternative to the use of synthetic pesticides. Scholars have developed a number of hypotheses to explain the historical origins of agriculture. Studies of the transition from hunter-gatherer to agricultural societies indicate an antecedent period of intensification and increasing sedentism; examples are the Natufian culture in the Levant, and the Early Chinese Neolithic in China. Current models indicate that

pos: History of slavery in Asia a death rate of 80%. Within the Asia-Pacific region, there were as of 2015 an estimated 11.7 million trafficked people; within the Asia Pacific, the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS), which includes Cambodia, China, Laos, Burma (Myanmar), Thailand and Vietnam, "features some of the most extensive flows of migration and human trafficking." Industries with major problems with human trafficking and forced labor in Southeast Asia include fisheries, agriculture, manufacturing, construction and domestic work. The child sex trade has also plagued southeast Asia, where "[m]ost sources agree that far more than 1 million underage children are 'effectively enslaved'" as of 2006. It

pos: Women in agriculture in China the farm, women were certainly involved in farming in the early Chinese economy. During the Han Dynasty, women's contributions to agriculture in China increased, most likely due to the innovation and popularization of the pit-farming method. Textile creation, which relied on help and silk, was also considered by early Chinese to be an "agricultural product" rather than a separate craft. Prior to the Chinese Revolution, small family farms where women contributed to farm and house work, made up the majority of agriculture in China. Women's contributions to the family farm were often overlooked by early twentieth century scholars because women's

pos: Cradle of civilization valley began to establish itself as a center of the Peiligang culture which flourished from 7000 to 5000 BC, with evidence of agriculture, constructed buildings, pottery, and burial of the dead. With agriculture came increased population, the ability to store and redistribute crops, and the potential to support specialist craftsmen and administrators. Its most prominent site is Jiahu. Some scholars have suggested that the Jiahu symbols (6600 BC) are the earliest form of proto-writing in China. However, it is likely that they should not be understood as writing itself, but as features of a lengthy period of sign-use which led

pos: History of East Asia East Asia gradually. In Korea Gojoseon became the first organized state approximately around 195 B.C. Japan emerged as a unitary state with the creation of its first constitution in 604 AD. The introduction of Buddhism and the Silk Road were instrumental in building East Asia's culture and economy. Chinese dynasties such as the Sui, Tang and Song interacted with and influenced the character of early Korea and Japan. At the turn of the first millennium AD, China was the most advanced civilization in Eurasia at the time and was responsible for the Four Great Inventions. China's GDP was likely the

pos: Buckwheat esculentum" ssp. "ancestrale". "F. homotropicum" is interfertile with "F. esculentum" and the wild forms have a common distribution, in Yunnan, a southwestern province of China. The wild ancestor of tartary buckwheat is "F. tataricum" ssp. "potanini". Common buckwheat was domesticated and first cultivated in inland Southeast Asia, possibly around 6000 BCE, and from there spread to Central Asia and Tibet, and then to the Middle East and Europe. Domestication most likely took place in the western Yunnan region of China. Buckwheat is documented in Europe in Finland by at least 5300 BCE as a first sign of agriculture, and in

pos: Oryza sativa indicates that rice domestication likely began before 5000 BC, but that most sites in China from which rice remains have been recovered are younger than 5000 BC. Rice begins to be cultivated in South Asia from as early as 5000 BC. Wild rice appeared in the Belan and Ganges valley regions of northern India as early as 4530 BC and 5440 BC, respectively, J.Bates et al.(2016) found early domestication process of rice in ancient South Asia was based around the wild species "Oryza nivara". This led to the local development of a mix of 'wetland' and 'dryland' agriculture of local

neg: Archaic humans in Southeast Asia do. Nevertheless, scholars seem to agree that this "H. floresiensis" represent a species different from "H. erectus" and "H. sapiens" and overlapping with the presence of both in the region, raising the possibility that these species might have lived among each other before modern human fully colonized the region later on. Archaic humans in Southeast Asia The region of Southeast Asia is considered a possible place for the evidence of archaic human remains that could be found due to the pathway between Australia and mainland Southeast Asia, where the migration of multiple early humans has occurred out of Africa. One

neg: Washington, Tyne and Wear any such records from the time would likely have been long lost by now. Although this is by no means the definite theory of origin, most scholars and historians (especially local) agree that it is the most likely. Another of the popular origin theories is that "Washington" is in fact derived from the Old English verb "wascan" and the noun "dūn" meaning "hill"; thus making the name "Wascandūn", meaning "washing hill". This theory likely originates from the proximity of the river Wear to the actual Anglo-Saxon hall at the time (most likely where Washington Old Hall stands today). This idea

neg: Lapis lazuli In late classical times and as late as the Middle Ages, lapis lazuli was often called sapphire ("sapphirus" in Latin, "sappir" in Hebrew), though it had little to do with the stone today known as the blue corundum variety sapphire. In his book on stones, the Greek scientist Theophrastus described "the sapphirus, which is speckled with gold," a description which matches lapis lazuli. There are many references to sapphires in the Old Testament, but most scholars agree that, since sapphire was not known before the Roman Empire, they most likely are references to lapis lazuli. For instance, Exodus 24:10: "And

neg: Pandemic H1N1/09 virus origin, despite it being a multiple reassortment. The first complete genome sequence of the pandemic strain was deposited in public databases on April 27, 2009, by scientists from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta. Scientists in Winnipeg later completed the full genetic sequencing of viruses from Mexico and Canada on May 6, 2009. On June 23, 2009, "The New York Times" reported that U.S. federal agriculture officials, "contrary to the popular assumption that the new swine flu pandemic arose on factory farms in Mexico," now believe that it "most likely emerged from pigs in Asia, but

neg: Modoc War to be several dozen in number. By the time the assailants were beaten off, two other members of Frémont's group were dead. The one dead attacker was judged to be a Klamath Lake native. Frémont's group fell into "an angry gloom." To avenge the deaths, Frémont attacked a Klamath Tribe fishing village named Dokdokwas, that most likely had nothing to do with the attack, at the junction of the Williamson River and Klamath Lake, on May 10, 1846. Accounts by scholars vary, but they agree that the attack completely destroyed the village structures; Sides reports the expedition killed women and

neg: Subsistence agriculture access to resources valued in the marketplace. Subsistence agriculture emerged in various areas including Mexico where it was based on maize and in the Andes where it was based on the domestication of the potato. Subsistence agriculture was the dominant mode of production in the world until recently, when market-based capitalism became widespread. Subsistence horticulture may have developed independently in South East Asia and Papua New Guinea. Subsistence agriculture had largely disappeared in Europe by the beginning of World War I, and in North America with the movement of sharecroppers and tenant farmers out of the American South and Midwest

neg: Edmund Gettier Western countries seem more likely to agree with the judgments described in the story than do those from East Asia. Subsequent studies were unable to replicate these results. Edmund Gettier Edmund L. Gettier III (; born October 31, 1927) is an American philosopher and Professor Emeritus at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. He is best known for his short 1963 article "Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?", which has generated an extensive philosophical literature trying to respond to what became known as the Gettier problem. Gettier was educated at Cornell University, where his mentors included Max Black and Norman Malcolm. Gettier,

neg: Jeffrey Beall strongest terms possible, that all scholars from all countries avoid doing business in any way with the OMICS Group. Do not submit papers. Do not agree to serve on their editorial boards. Do not register for or attend their conferences." He notes a profusion of such conferences located in Asia and identified features of these predatory meetings. In 2013, "Science" published the results of a sting operation in which a scientifically flawed spoof publication was submitted to open access publications. Many accepted the manuscript, and a disproportionate number of the accepting journals were on Beall's list. The publication, entitled "Who's

neg: Battle of Hafrsfjord of the sagas, the historian Halvdan Koht dated the battle to about 900. For the next fifty years, this chronology was regarded by most scholars as being most likely. In the 1970s, the Icelandic historian Ólafia Einarsdóttir concluded that the battle took place somewhere between 870 and 875. However still disputed, most scholars will agree that the battle took place during the 880s. The national monument of Haraldshaugen was raised in 1872 to commemorate the Battle of Hafrsfjord. In 1983, the monument and landmark The Swords in the Rock ("Sverd i fjell") was designed by Fritz Røed and raised at

neg: Australopithecus africanus especially in British academia, that the Piltdown Man recently found in England was the likely progenitor of the human lineage. (Piltdown man was later exposed as a forgery.) Sir Arthur Keith was an anatomist and anthropologist fellow in 1924, and a scientist whose personal prejudice looked to Europe—not to Asia or Africa—as the place where the early hominins would be shown to have emerged. He dismissed Dart's claim, suggesting instead that the Taung child skull belonged to a young ape, most likely an infant gorilla or chimpanzee. Keith's persistence in denouncing the possibility of "Australopithecus" while justifying the plausibility of

neg: The War of the Messiah readings of the war scrolls, with most scholars agreeing on the former as the most logical, as it parallels with the War Scroll and other Dead Sea Scrolls. Transcription and translation by G. Vermes Transcription and translation by Eisenman and Wise 11Q14 describes a Leader of the Congregation, that is, a messianic figure known from other Dead Sea Scrolls. References to Kittim refer to an opposing force, and scholars agree that it most likely refers to the Romans. The stump of Jesse and Branch of David in Frag. 1 Col. 1 refer to the coming of a Messiah from the

neg: Gospel of Mary by Walter Till. Most scholars agree that the original gospel was written in Greek sometime during the 2nd century. However, Hollis Professor of Divinity Karen King at Harvard Divinity School suggests that it was written during the time of Christ. The Gospel of Mary is not present in the list of apocryphal books of section five of the Decretum Gelasianum. Scholars do not always agree which of the New Testament people named Mary is the central character of the Gospel of Mary. Some have suggested that she may be Mary the mother of Jesus. Arguments in favor of Mary Magdalene

neg: African art in Western collections in 1964 as a private and relatively small collection. In 1979 the collection, by then about 8,000 objects, was taken over by the Smithsonian Institution and is now housed in a central if underground location on the National Mall. Many scholars and curators have debated the efficacy of different modes of display of African art in Western museums. Generally, scholars agree that the Western art museum was, and continues to be, incompatible with the contexts from which most traditional African arts emerged. The following quotation from Kathleen Bickford Berzock and Christa Clarke's introduction to their book "Representing Africa in American

neg: Buddhist influences on Christianity serious scholarly work has placed the origins of Christianity outside the backdrop of 1st century Palestinian Judaism. Leslie Houlden states that although modern parallels between the teachings of Jesus and Buddha have been drawn, these comparisons emerged after missionary contacts in the 19th century and there is no historically reliable evidence of contacts between Buddhism and Jesus. Other scholars such as Eddy and Boyd state that there is no evidence of a historical influence by outside sources on the authors of the New Testament, and most scholars agree that any such historical influence on Christianity is entirely implausible given that

neg: Lex Claudia and the subject of legislation throughout the Republican period. It seems likely the law became obsolete due to a combination of the senatorial class's dislike for it and the fact that as the empire grew, opportunities for corruption increased, meaning that trade was less of a concern. Whilst most modern historians share an overarching view regarding the intention of the "lex Claudia", it has been interpreted differently by many scholars. Most modern scholars agree that the "lex Claudia" was created with the intention to restrict the economic, social and political power of the elite class who posed a threat prior

neg: Mukundraj "Paramamṛta"). Some earlier scholars dated "Vivekasindhu" to 1188, and believed it to be the first work of literature in Marathi language. However, Mukundraj is now generally dated to 14th century or later: the "Vivekasindhu" was likely written after other Marathi works such as "Lilacharita" and "Dnyaneshwari". Mukundraj Mukundraj (IAST: Mukundarāja) was one of the earliest Marathi literary figures. Some earlier scholars dated him to the 12th century, however most linguistic historians now date him to 14th century or later. Scholars do not have unanimity among them about the place where Mukundraj mostly lived. He was probably born at Pauni in

neg: Modesty with a predominantly Muslim population. Though by some scholars these expressions of modesty are interpreted as mandatory, most countries do not enforce modesty by law. However, a few countries, such as Saudi Arabia, Afghanistan and Iran, enforce specified standards of dress for women. "Tell the believing men to cast down their glances and guard their private parts. That is purer for them. Indeed, Allah is [well] acquainted with what they do." -Quran 24:30 Most scholars agree that men are required to cover everything from the navel to the knees; some men choose also to wear the traditional Islamic cap (taqiyah),

neg: Oedipus (Euripides) jealousy of Oedipus, which led to the catastrophe. Most scholars agree that the play ended with Jocasta joining Oedipus in exile. The date for "Oedipus" has not been definitively established but metrical analysis on the extant fragments, particularly the incidence of resolutions by Cropp and Fick, indicates that the play was likely written in the latter part of Euripides' life, between 419 BCE and 406 BCE, and most likely after 415 BCE. Oedipus (Euripides) Oedipus ( or ; , "Oidípous") is a play by the 5th-century BCE Athenian dramatist Euripides. The play is now lost except for some fragments. What

neg: Piracy in the Atlantic World eighteenth century. As with any historical subject, opinions are seen to change with time and evidence. Some scholars once believed that Defoe was undoubtedly the author of A General History, but more recently have sided with those who attribute the work to Johnson, or at least someone else using this pseudonym. Most scholars now agree that it is most likely that Defoe is not the author of A General History. One academic calls for the abandonment of the "attractive theory" that gives this credit to Defoe. Whoever the true author of "A General History of the Pyrates", his was a

neg: Sources of ancient Tamil history Other artifacts such as brick walls, ring wells, pits, industrial items, remains of seeds and shells provide clues about the nature of the settlements and the other aspects of life during the Sangam age. Archaeologists agree that activities best illustrated in the material records of Tamilakam are trade, hunting, agriculture and crafts. Archeological evidence for agriculture in the Sangam age has been retrieved from sites such as Mangudi, Kodumanal and Perur, which have yielded charred remains of seeds of crops like rice, millets including pearl millets, pulses and cotton. It has been deduced that agriculture most likely involved dry farming,

neg: Claudius Terentianus as his father. While a few scholars think this may be an honorary title, most believe that Terentianus is Tiberianus' biological son (both do share the same "nomen"). Terentianus also calls another man named Ptolemaios "father" (P Mich 5393); this is likely an honorary designator, although Ptolemaios may be his uncle by marriage. Terentianus also refers to a woman he calls his "mother" living in Alexandria, who is most likely his aunt Tabetheus. If she is the same woman who addresses Claudius Tiberianus as "brother" in P. Mich 5403, then she was living in Alexandria near where Terentianus was stationed.

neg: Zabag kingdom such as northern Borneo and Philippines are also suggested. Many scholars identify Srivijaya with the Arabic Zabaj, which most scholars agree in equating it with Javaka (in Pali texts), that also appeared in Indian sources. According to a Sri Lankan source, king Chandrabhanu Sridhamaraja is one of Javakan kings from Tambralinga kingdom, who had invaded Sri Lanka in 1247. However, the term Javaka was not occurred here for the first time, the term has been used vaguely to identify a polity in Southeast Asia. The naval prowess of the Maharaja of Zabaj had played a major role in forming a

neg: Old Saxon Baptismal Vow strong similarities between Old Low Franconian (Old Dutch) and Old Saxon (Old Low German). It is assumed that the baptismal vow was in use at the Cathedral school of Utrecht in the present day Netherlands. This is only a part of the vow: A number of scholars have concluded the Baptismal Vow was actually written in the 8th century in "Old Low Franconian" — commonly known as Old Dutch. It is therefore considered by some to be one of the oldest texts written in (a version of) the Dutch language. However, both German and Dutch scholars agree that most likely

neg: Legal realism apply it by logically deducing uniquely correct legal conclusions from a set of clear, consistent, and comprehensive legal rules. American legal realism has aptly been described as "the most important indigenous jurisprudential movement in the United States during the twentieth century." Though most legal scholars today would agree that some aspects of legal realism were misguided or over-stated, its enduring influence on legal thought and legal education has been profound. Although the American legal realist movement first emerged as a cohesive intellectual force in the 1920s, it drew heavily upon a number of prior thinkers and was influenced by broader

neg: Panchatantra and Indian religions if Vishnu Sharma was a real person or itself a literary invention. Some South Indian recensions of the text, as well as Southeast Asian versions of "Panchatantra" attribute the text to Vasubhaga, states Olivelle. Based on the content and mention of the same name in other texts dated to ancient and medieval era centuries, most scholars agree that Vishnu Sharma is a fictitious name. Olivelle and other scholars state that regardless of who the author was, it is likely "the author was a Hindu, and not a Buddhist, nor Jain", but it is unlikely that the author

neg: Mark 2 this too radical and so chose not to include it. Jesus here claims he knows what Sabbath is for, and thus that he knows the mind of God, something only God could do, and equates himself with the "Lord of the Sabbath", God. The passage thus has a christological climax. Most scholars agree that Sabbath and proper observance of Mosaic law in general were a point of contention between Jesus and other Jewish teachers. A minority position, held by scholars such as E. P. Sanders, is that these do not constitute proof of a rejection of the law, e.g., Sanders

neg: Tang Soo Do pyung ahn ee dan, pyung ahn sam dan, pyung ahn sa dan, pyong ahn oh dan. The Pyung Ahn series was adopted from Okinawan and Japanese karate, where they are called Pinan/Heian and are the creation of Yasutsune Itosu, who also was one of Funakoshi´s teachers. Bassai (also known as Pal Che). The Bassai form is also from karate, where it is called Passai/Bassai Dai, and was created by Okinawan Bushi Sokon Matsumura. According to Hwang Kee, he learned these forms from studying Japanese books on Okinawan karate. Most scholars agree that the primary text Hwang Kee relied upon was

neg: Indian cultural influences in early Philippine polities the early 14th centuries. This updates the theories of earlier scholars, who posited that Indian elements in Philippine culture suggested relations between the two societies as early as the 2nd and 3rd centuries BCE. This also places the Philippines and the northern part of Vietnam outside the pattern of "Indianization" which took place elsewhere in Southeast Asia. Some contemporary scholars note, however, that the Philippines was still within the scope of Indian cultural influence, although only indirectly through the influence of polities elsewhere in Southeast Asia. Historiographers — both from Southeast Asia in general, and the Philippines specifically — agree

neg: José Selva Mergelina is treated marginally even in works dedicated to history of Traditionalism. Though most scholars concede that 1920s produced the most dramatic decline of Carlism since its birth, they do not necessarily agree whether Villores could have prevented it. Some (Clemente) consider him a good leader who instead of internal power struggle brought stability and consolidated the party. Some (Blinkhorn) call his leadership “flaccid” suggesting that he lacked the vision and the energy. Both seem to agree that he was executing the policy engineered by Don Jaime rather than drafting designs on his own. There are streets commemorating “Marqués de Villores”

neg: Thomas Day (North Carolina) seen on a mantle in the Long House. Although some scholars have argued that Day's use of these faces represents his connections to his African heritage, since the use of carved faces was popular in African cultural images and craft designs, most scholars today agree that Day's carved faces have a more Euro-American design heritage. Expert John Kouwenhoven has classified Day's artistic style as being a combination of accepted design traditions with more rural or folk artistic practices reflecting the Southern culture surrounding him; thus, it is more likely, according to scholarly research, that Day was simply employing his own

neg: Early human migrations There is evidence that Denisovans interbred with Neanderthals in Central Asia where their habitats overlapped. It is most likely from an African variety of "H. antecessor" that "H. sapiens" develops around 300,000 years ago. "Homo sapiens" (anatomically modern humans) are assumed to have emerged about 300,000 years ago based on thermoluminescence dating of artefacts from Jebel Irhoud, Morocco, published in 2017. Previously, the Omo remains, excavated between 1967 and 1974 in Omo National Park, Ethiopia, and dated to 200,000 years ago, were long held to be the oldest known fossils of anatomically modern humans. Early modern humans expanded to Western

neg: Adat underground since the 1950s, began to reappear in response to the federal government's neglect and the local administration's impotence. Because of loss of Islamic scholars and literature during the Stalinist years, the adat that emerged contained almost no elements of Islamic law. However, there are growing number of participation of Muslim scholars in adat proceedings, who are now involved in most important decisions in village assemblies and district administrations. In the Malay States of Southeast Asia, the Malay community may be classified formally and historically into two different groups: one following "Adat Temenggung" and the other, "Adat perpatih". "Adat Temenggung"

neg: Anania Shirakatsi is an Armenian State Award for scientists in the economics and natural sciences, engineers and inventors. In 2005, the Central Bank of the Republic of Armenia issued an Anania Shirakatsi commemorative coin. Anania Shirakatsi Anania Shirakatsi ("Anania Širakac'i", ; 610–685 AD), also known as Ananias of Shirak or Širak) was an Armenian philosopher, mathematician, astronomer, geographer and alchemist. His most famous works are "Ashkharatsuyts" ("Geography") and "Cosmography and the Calendar". Robert H. Hewsen describes him as "Armenia's First Scientist". Scholars do not agree on where Anania was born. Some historians believe that he was born in Shirakavan; others, that the

neg: Anania Shirakatsi Anania Shirakatsi Anania Shirakatsi ("Anania Širakac'i", ; 610–685 AD), also known as Ananias of Shirak or Širak) was an Armenian philosopher, mathematician, astronomer, geographer and alchemist. His most famous works are "Ashkharatsuyts" ("Geography") and "Cosmography and the Calendar". Robert H. Hewsen describes him as "Armenia's First Scientist". Scholars do not agree on where Anania was born. Some historians believe that he was born in Shirakavan; others, that the village of Anania in Shirak or the city of Ani was his birthplace. Upon the recommendation of several of his friends who were returning from Constantinople, he decided to find a suitable

neg: Women in 17th-century New England will show, refused to stop seeing Joseph. Finally, after having been alleged to consummating relations with Joseph, she fled from her tribe. Sarah’s story is somewhat unique but offers insight into the clear differences between each society’s norms. Her answers in court, although morally superior to her husbands, were ignored as would likely have been among white settlers. The social prominence of her and her husband likely made their story a hot piece of gossip in their small community. Most scholars agree that the first slave ship to New England, the "Desire", arrived in 1638, bringing with it some of

neg: Sarvastivada Prebish, "there is a great deal of mystery surrounding the rise and early development of the Sarvāstivādin school." In Central Asia, several Buddhist monastic groups were historically prevalent. According to some accounts, the Sarvāstivādins emerged from the Sthavira nikāya, a small group of conservatives, who split from the reformist majority Mahāsāṃghikas at the Second Buddhist council. According to this account, they were expelled from Magadha, and moved to northwestern India where they developed into the Sarvāstivādin school. A number of scholars have identified three distinct major phases of missionary activity seen in the history of Buddhism in Central Asia, which

neg: Art colony Providence, Rhode Island. The Intra Asia Network, based in Taiwan, is a less formal body working to advance creative communities and exchanges throughout Asia. These consortia comprise most of the world's active artists' colonies. The art movement itself has only started to be investigated by scholars, with the chief historical studies consisting of Michael Jacobs's introductory "The Good and Simple Life" and Nina Lübbren's "Artists’ Colonies in Europe 1870-1910". Art colonies initially emerged as village movements in the 19th and early 20th century. It is estimated that between 1830 and 1914 some 3000 professional artists participated in a mass movement

neg: Black land loss in the United States of Agriculture to agree to offer a class payment in 1999. In the year 2010, President Barack Obama authorized the payment of a 1.25 billion dollars from the USDA to Black American farmers though offered through the Pigford II case. Some of the consequences of being unable to maintain ownership of land show in the homeownership field where Black American and farmers are not only less likely to own the land they are living on (instead they are renting) but in doing so it makes them less likely to be able to afford to buy land later. In 2016, a

neg: Dastgir or simply ""princely saint"". The former is most likely popular in South Asia due to the cultural importance that saints such as Sufis and other Islamic scholars and/or mystics had in society. Concordantly, "Dastgir" is usually encountered as an ethnic surname passed down through generations that had some link to a saint. Its use as a title or even first name (barring the Arabic version) has diminished with the cultural shift away from an age where saints were prominent. Its usage in Iran probably follows a similar history, since many of the Sufi saints of renown in the region were

neg: Riba Islamic scholars but the Muslim community as a whole. Since most Muslims have failed to choose interest-free Islamic banking for most of their assets, this demonstrates (according to Khan) that they do not agree that all interest is "riba". In answer to the question, "why has God prohibited interest?", a number of arguments have been advanced by orthodox/Islamist/revivalist scholars, preachers, writers and economists. They include that (in their view) At the same time that orthodox analysts offer rationale for why interest is forbidden, "more than one analyst" — including medieval Quranic exegete Fakhr al-Din al-Razi and leading orthodox scholar Taqi

neg: American Indian opera singers and dancers performed in the opera, although the major roles were performed by European-American singers with opera training. The importance of Bonnin for American Indian grand opera cannot be underestimated but scholars do not agree on the extent of her role. Few if any American operas on American Indian themes, using indigenous performers, have been composed by American Indians since her era. This Yankton woman was likely the first indigenous composer who can be considered to have achieved this. According to Catherine Parsons Smith, she was aided by William F. Hanson, who taught at Brigham Young University. He continued

neg: Carloctavismo Carlos lived o. None of the sources clarifies origins of his move back to Spain in early 1943; in particular it remains obscure whether it was himself or the Francoist authorities who initiated the transfer. Most scholars agree, however, that when in March the family settled in Barcelona, the move must have been at least approved by Franco. Cora y Lira, who after death of Pérez Nájera emerged as the key supporter of Carlos Pio, regularly visited El Pardo; he agreed with caudillo’s entourage and with some key Falangists alike that he would soon commence a promotional campaign of the

neg: Historicity of Jesus often differed from each other, and from the image portrayed in the gospel accounts. There are overlapping attributes among the portraits, and while pairs of scholars may agree on some attributes, those same scholars may differ on other attributes, and there is no single portrait of the historical Jesus that satisfies most scholars. Nearly all modern scholars of antiquity agree that Jesus existed and most biblical scholars and classical historians see the theories of his non-existence as effectively refuted. There is no evidence today that the existence of Jesus was ever denied in antiquity by those who opposed Christianity. Geoffrey

neg: Fullback (gridiron football) line. As the quarterback was typically the offensive back who first touched the ball after the snap, quarterbacks were the offensive back most likely to pass the ball, although any eligible player may do so. As the game evolved and alternate formations came in and out of fashion, halfbacks (reduced to typically just one rather than two) emerged as the offensive back most likely to run the ball, although, again, any eligible player may do so. "Halfback" came to be synonymous with "running back". Fullbacks were primarily used as blocking backs with only occasional ball carrying duties. As formations began

neg: Gospel of Matthew of copies. In the process of recopying, variations slipped in, different regional manuscript traditions emerged, and corrections and adjustments were made. Modern textual scholars collate all major surviving manuscripts, as well as citations in the works of the Church Fathers, in order to produce a text which most likely approximates to the lost autographs. The gospel itself does not specify an author, but he was probably a male Jew, standing on the margin between traditional and non-traditional Jewish values, and familiar with technical legal aspects of scripture being debated in his time. The majority of modern scholars believe that Mark

neg: Nitrary gunpowder. After the discovery, it was suggested that manure could be used for agriculture, in order to increase the production, rather than to make gunpowder. The discovery also generated issues; in particular, it was initially challenged by some scholars. Subsequently, chemist Giuseppe Vairo and his pupil Antonio Pitaro confirmed the discovery. This undoubtedly damaged producers of artificial saltpetre, and some scholars, most likely supported by the producers, tried to dismiss the discovery. Following the above discovery, naturalists sent by academies from all Europe came in large number to visit Pulo di Molfetta, since the saltpeter was a fundamental ingredient in

neg: 1943 Argentine coup d'état military groups. Most historians agree that the United Officers’ Group (GOU)— a military association created in March 1943 and dissolved in February 1944— played a crucial role in the organization of the coup and in the military government that emerged from it. More recently, however, some historians have questioned the actual influence of the GOU, referring to it as a “myth”. The American historian Robert Potash, who has studied in detail the actions of the army in modern Argentine history, has greatly deemphasized the participation of the GOU in the June 4 coup. Historians do not agree on many of

neg: Ethos cultural context by arguing that "To have ethos is to manifest the virtues most valued by the culture to and for which one speaks" (60). While scholars do not all agree on the dominant sphere in which ethos may be crafted, some agree that ethos is formed through the negotiation between private experience and the public, rhetorical act of self-expression. Karen Burke LeFevre's argument in "Invention as Social Act" situates this negotiation between the private and the public, writing that ethos "appears in that socially created space, in the 'between', the point of intersection between speaker or writer and listener

neg: Gospel of John Jesus. This is believed to be a more accurate historical depiction of the Pharisees, who made debate one of the tenets of their system of belief. The teachings of Jesus found in the synoptic gospels are very different from those recorded in John, and since the 19th century scholars have almost unanimously accepted that these Johannine discourses are less likely than the synoptic parables to be historical, and were likely written for theological purposes. By the same token, scholars usually agree that John is not entirely without historical value: certain sayings in John are as old or older than their

neg: Dong Xian Dong clan was exiled to Hepu (合浦, in modern Zhanjiang, Guangdong) and their assets forfeited to the imperial treasury. Dong Xian Dong Xian (董賢) (23 BCE(?) – 1 BCE) was a Han Dynasty politician who quickly rose from obscurity as a minor official to being the most powerful official in the imperial administration of Emperor Ai within a span of a few years. Most scholars agree that Dong's quick career advancement came mostly because of his personal relationship with Emperor Ai, likely a sexual one, rather than a demonstration of abilities. Both men were married to women, but Emperor Ai,

neg: Allia Potestas used. Other stylistic and linguistic analysis suggests that the 2nd century CE is more likely. Regardless, most scholars agree it is no older than the 1st century CE, due to the apparent Ovidian influence. Allia Potestas Allia Potestas was a freedwoman from the Roman town of Perugia who lived sometime during the 1st–4th centuries CE. She is known only through her epitaph, found on a marble tablet in Via Pinciana, Rome in 1912. The inscription, considered to be one of the most interesting of Latin epitaphs, is unique because it contains both typical epitaphic information and more personal and sexual

neg: Siena Cathedral west façade came to an abrupt end in 1317 when the Opera del Duomo redirected all efforts to the east façade. There is debate as to when work on the upper façade was completed. Most scholars agree that it was finished sometime between 1360 and 1370, though when it began again is not known. The work continued to use Pisano's plans for the façade with some adaptations under the direction of Giovanni di Cecco. Di Cecco preferred more elaborate designs, most likely inspired by the Orvieto Cathedral. The façade needed to be much higher than foreseen as the nave had,

neg: Brothers Poem that the speaker is a fictionalised or literary version of Sappho, though Obbink's paper announcing the discovery of the poem 2014 refers to the narrator throughout as "a speaker". The addressee of the poem is not named in the surviving text, but many suggestions have been made as to their identity – Camillo Neri lists eleven possible candidates. Obbink suggests that the two most likely candidates are Rhodopis, a courtesan said by the Greek historian Herodotus to have been the lover of Charaxos, and Sappho's mother, to whom Sappho addressed other poems. Most scholars agree that the addressee is some

neg: Ekapada 16 arms and holding in his left arms a khatvanga, an arrow, a chakra, a damaru, a mudgara (a mallet-like weapon), an akshamala, and a trisula (trident), with one hand held in varada mudra, and with his right hands holding a bow, a ghanta (bell), a kapala, a kaumudi (crescent moon), a ghata (pot), a parashu (battle-axe), and shakti (power), with one hand in Tarjani mudra (with raised or threatening forefinger symbolizing wrath). However, no representation of a sixteen-armed Ekapada is found. The evolution of Ekapada is unclear; however, most scholars agree that he emerged from the Vedic deity Aja

neg: Portraits of the historical Jesus there is little scholarly agreement on a single portrait, or the methods needed to construct it. There are, however, overlapping attributes among the various portraits, and scholars who differ on some attributes may agree on others. By the 21st century scholars began to focus on what is historically probable and plausible about Jesus. Most contemporary scholars of antiquity agree that Jesus existed, and most biblical scholars and classical historians see the theories of his non-existence as effectively refuted. We have no indication that writers in antiquity who opposed Christianity questioned the existence of Jesus. There is, however, widespread disagreement among

neg: Grade retention areas within the entire curriculum to be retained. The student will then again repeat the entire school year within a single classroom and repeating the same subject matter as the previous year. Where it is permitted, grade retention is most common among students in early elementary school. Students with intellectual disabilities are only retained when parents and school officials agree to do so. Children who are relatively young in their age cohort are four times more likely to be retained. Different schools have used different approaches throughout history. Grade retention or repetition was essentially meaningless in the one-room schoolhouses of

neg: Catholic epistles even called 'John'. Two of the letters claim to have been written by Simon Peter, one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus. Therefore, they have traditionally been called the Petrine epistles. However, most modern scholars agree the second epistle was probably not written by Peter, because it appears to have been written in the early 2nd century, long after Peter had died. Yet, opinions on the first epistle are more divided; many scholars do think this letter is authentic. In one epistle, the author only calls himself James (Ἰάκωβος "Iakóbos"). It is not known which James this is supposed to

neg: Historical Jesus mentions in Josephus and Tacitus. Most scholars in the third quest for the historical Jesus consider the crucifixion indisputable, as do Bart Ehrman, John Dominic Crossan and James Dunn. Although scholars agree on the historicity of the crucifixion, they differ on the reason and context for it, e.g. both E. P. Sanders and Paula Fredriksen support the historicity of the crucifixion, but contend that Jesus did not foretell his own crucifixion, and that his prediction of the crucifixion is a Christian story. Geza Vermes also views the crucifixion as a historical event but believes this was due to Jesus’ challenging

neg: Pāli Canon core teachings were preserved nearly verbatim by memory. Hajime Nakamura writes that while nothing can be definitively attributed to Gautama as a historical figure, some sayings or phrases must derive from him. Most scholars do agree that there was a rough body of sacred literature that a relatively early community maintained and transmitted. Much of the Pali Canon is found also in the scriptures of other early schools of Buddhism, parts of whose versions are preserved, mainly in Chinese. Many scholars have argued that this shared material can be attributed to the period of Pre-sectarian Buddhism. This is the period

neg: Areole and Asia, although, probably within the last few million years, some species of "Rhipsalis" appear to have been carried to parts of Asia and Africa, most likely by birds. The areole was one of the unique features that cacti developed, possibly in adaptation to the ambient climate in the area in which they emerged. Accordingly, the areoles distinguish the family Cactaceae from other succulent plants both in the New World and the Old World. For the cacti, areoles are an important evolutionary modification. They give rise to spines and glochids, which are their primary means of self-defense. In addition, because

neg: Royal touch I. Modern scholars, most notably Frank Barlow (1911–2009), agree that the French practice most likely originated from Saint Louis IX (r. 1226–1270). The earliest direct evidence of the royal touch in England are the financial records dating from the reign of Edward I (r. 1272–1307). The crusading Edward I did not arrive in England until 1274 but the custom of giving one penny to each patient had become well established by 1276, suggesting that the practice dated at least from the reign of his father, Henry III (r. 1216–1272). Henry III, known for insisting on his arbitrary decisions, loved public

neg: Dong Xian Dong Xian Dong Xian (董賢) (23 BCE(?) – 1 BCE) was a Han Dynasty politician who quickly rose from obscurity as a minor official to being the most powerful official in the imperial administration of Emperor Ai within a span of a few years. Most scholars agree that Dong's quick career advancement came mostly because of his personal relationship with Emperor Ai, likely a sexual one, rather than a demonstration of abilities. Both men were married to women, but Emperor Ai, at least, was childless. An idiomatic term for homosexuality in Chinese is "duanxiu zhi pi" (斷袖之癖, literally, "passion of

neg: Jezebel begins with the letter yodh, Jezebel's name starts with an aleph, which is lacking on the seal; furthermore, the possessive lamedh which would translate to the prerequisite "belonging to (…)" is also missing from the seal. However, it is entirely possible these letters simply could have been located where the seal is damaged. Regardless, scholars do not agree on whether the seal is evidence for the historicity of the biblical character. Some scholars have also said that the size and intricacy of the seal could mean it was used by royalty. According to Geoffrey Bromiley, the depiction of Jezebel as

neg: Govan Old Parish Church the graveyard. The Govan sarcophagus, a massive stone coffin with a carved exterior, is supposed to have been dedicated to the patron saint of the church, St. Constantine. There is much debate over which Constantine is the patron, or whether it is Constantine of Strathclyde, but most scholars agree that the coffin most likely would have been dedicated to Constantine f. Kenneth (AD 862-878) or Donald f. Constantine (AD 889-900). Because of its highly decorated exterior, it is assumed that the coffin was meant to display the remains of the saint as a focal piece in the church. The coffin

neg: Analects is similar to the Dingzhou "Analects"; but, because of the secrecy and isolationism of the North Korean government, only a very cursory study of it has been made available to international scholars, and its contents are not completely known outside of North Korea. Scholars do not agree about whether either the Dingzhou "Analects" or the Pyongyang "Analects" represent the Lu version, the Qi version, the old text version, or a different version that was independent of these three traditions. During most of the Han period the "Analects" was not considered one of the principal texts of Confucianism. During the reign

neg: Polygyny that share descent from a common ancestor. Polygyny also served as "a dynamic principle of family survival, growth, security, continuity, and prestige," especially as a socially approved mechanism that increases the number of adult workers immediately and the eventual workforce of resident children. According to scientific studies, the human mating system is considered to be moderately polygynous, based both on surveys of world populations, and on characteristics of human reproductive physiology. Scholars have argued that in farming systems where men do most of the agriculture work, a second wife can be an economic burden rather than an asset. In order

neg: Scots language (around 1,000 individuals being a representative sample of Scotland's adult population) "don't really think of Scots as a language" but it also found that "the most frequent speakers are least likely to agree that it is not a language (58%) and those never speaking Scots most likely to do so (72%)". In the 2011 Scottish census, a question on Scots language ability was featured. Native speakers sometimes refer to their vernacular as "braid Scots" (or "broad Scots" in English) or use a dialect name such as the "Doric", or the "Buchan Claik". The old-fashioned "Scotch", an English loan, occurs occasionally,

neg: Khalwati order nineteen times and al-Khidr three times. In many cities, people would mob al-Bakri to receive his blessing. After al-Bakri died, Khalwati dome scholars believe that al-Bakri set “a great Sufi renaissance in motion.” He was considered the reformer who renewed the Khalwati order in the Egypt. The Khalwati order still remains strong in Egypt where the Sufi orders do receive a degree of support from the government. The Khalwati order also remains strong in the Sudan. However, not all scholars agree with al-Bakri’s influence. Frederick de Jong argues in his collected studies that al Bakri’s influence was limited. He argues

neg: Udayagiri Caves cannot be traced to any text or other inscriptions in Central India. One Sanskrit inscription, for example, is a pilgrim named Damodara's record from 1179 CE who made a donation to the temple. Some historians have suggested that the iron pillar in the courtyard of Quwwat-ul-Islam at the Qutb Minar site in Delhi originally stood at Udayagiri. The Delhi pillar is accepted by most scholars as one brought to Delhi from another distant site in India, but scholars do not agree on which site or when this relocation happened. If the Udayagiri source proposal is true, this implies that the

neg: Louis XV of France at their height in the first half of the eighteenth century, but most scholars agree that Louis XV's decisions damaged the power of France, weakened the treasury, discredited the absolute monarchy, and made it more vulnerable to distrust and destruction. Scholars point to the French Revolution, which broke out 15 years after his death. Norman Davies characterized Louis XV's reign as "one of debilitating stagnation", characterized by lost wars, endless clashes between the Court and Parlement, and religious feuds. Jerome Blum described him as "a perpetual adolescent called to do a man's job." The view of many historians is that

neg: Mindset Originating from the study of organizational leadership and coinciding with the growth of multinational corporations in the 1980s, organizations observed that the effectiveness of their executives did not necessarily translate cross-culturally. Global mindset emerged as an explanation (Javidan & Walker, 2013). Essentially, leaders in cross-cultural contexts were hypothesized to need an additional skill, ability, or proficiency (i.e. a global mindset) that enabled effectiveness regardless of the culture or context (Perlmutter, 1969; Rhinesmith, 1992). One of the defining characteristics of the study of global mindset is the variety in which scholars conceptualize and operationalize the construct; and yet; scholars typically agree

neg: Haplogroup DE likely originated in Asia – the only place where it is now found, E-M96 is more likely to have originated in East Africa. However, a West Asian origin for E-M96 is considered possible by some scholars. Some researchers have suggested that the exceptional rarity of DE lineages in India – a region considered important in the dispersal of modern humans – may be meaningful, because D-M174 and E-M96 have remained common in neighbouring areas. It has been inferred that a deleterious mutation or mutations may have been responsible for the extinction of DE lineages in India. DE* has been found

neg: Problem of evil such as demons. Others have argued Most scholars agree that Plantinga's free will of human and non-human spirits (demons) argument successfully solves the logical problem of evil, proving that God and evil are logically compatible but other scholars explicitly dissent. The dissenters state that while explaining infectious diseases, cancer, hurricanes and other nature-caused suffering as something that is caused by the free will of supernatural beings solves the logical version of the problem of evil, it is highly unlikely that these natural evils do not have natural causes that an omnipotent God could prevent, but instead are caused by the

neg: Nardoqan tree The Christmas tree, a brightly adorned symbol for Christians on one of their holiest days, also represents a link to the ancient Turks of Central Asia, according to a Turkish archaeologist. Its origins are not in Norse myth or British isle paganism, as most Western historians believe, but in the Turkic tradition of the “wish-making tree.” But not all Turkish scholars agree, saying the notion that the Turks invented the Christmas tree is simply wishful thinking. Europeans, Muazzez Ilmiye Çığ argues, adopted a rite to their own holiday ritual that stems from an old Turkish custom in which people

neg: Huns other steppe people remain uncertain: scholars generally agree that they originated in Central Asia but disagree on the specifics of their origins. Classical sources assert that they appeared in Europe suddenly around 370. Most typically, Roman writers' attempts to elucidate the origins of the Huns simply equated them with earlier steppe peoples. Roman writers also repeated a tale that the Huns had entered the domain of the Goths while they were pursuing a wild stag, or else one of their cows that had gotten lose, across the Kerch Strait into Crimea. Discovering the land good, they then attacked the Goths.

neg: Sociocultural evolution of social and historical change emerged: These theories had a common factor: they all agreed that the history of humanity is pursuing a certain fixed path, most likely that of social progress. Thus, each past event is not only chronologically, but causally tied to present and future events. The theories postulated that by recreating the sequence of those events, sociology could discover the "laws" of history. While sociocultural evolutionists agree that an evolution-like process leads to social progress, classical social evolutionists have developed many different theories, known as theories of unilineal evolution. Sociocultural evolutionism became the prevailing theory of early

neg: Objectivity and Liberal Scholarship intelligentsia provided self-serving arguments in their discussion and analysis of the war, instead of objectively discussing the topic; that they used ideology to legitimize U.S. commitments to autocratic rule and intervention in Asia. Chomsky argues that there was no end of ideology, as many scholars opined, but rather that it was an elite ideology that all elites and scholars could agree upon. Chomsky argues that the conservative, moderate, and liberal intelligentsia all had an elite, counter-revolutionary, bias in their writing, but he focuses on the liberal scholars. As an additional example to the Vietnam War, Noam Chomsky looks at liberal

neg: Almah and her fertility ... [h]er task was to build up the "bet 'ab" by bearing children, particularly sons" (Leeb, 2002). Scholars thus agree that "almah" refers to a woman of childbearing age without implying virginity. The word "almah" occurs nine times in the Hebrew Bible: Almah Almah ( "‘almāh", plural: "‘ălāmōṯ"), from a root implying the vigour of puberty, is a Hebrew word for a young woman of childbearing age. Despite its importance to the Christian tradition of the virgin birth of Jesus, scholars agree that it has nothing to do with virginity. It occurs nine times in the Hebrew

neg: Fraxinus dryads were nymphs of the oak. They appear in Hesiod's "Theogony." The ash exudes a sugary substance that is suggested to have been fermented to create the Norse Mead of Inspiration. In Norse mythology, Yggdrasill was often seen as a giant ash tree. Many scholars now agree that in the past, an error had been made in the interpretation of the ancient writings, and that the tree is most likely a European yew ("Taxus baccata"). This mistake would find its origin in an alternative word for the yew tree in the Old Norse, namely needle ash ("barraskr"). In addition, ancient

neg: Poverty threshold calculations and represents the international equivalent of what $1.90 could buy in the US in 2011. The new IPL replaces the $1.25 per day figure, which used 2005 data. Most scholars agree that it better reflects today's reality, particularly new price levels in developing countries. The common international poverty line has in the past been roughly $1 a day. At present the percentage of the global population living under extreme poverty is likely to fall below 10% according to the World Bank projections released in 2015. Determining the poverty line is usually done by finding the total cost of all

neg: Koson (coin) the discovery of the coins. The discovery captured the attention of writers at the time. Thus, there are comments from Erasmus of Rotterdam in 1520 and Stephanus Zamosius (István Szamosközy) in 1593. Modern scholars agree that the name Koson most likely refers to a local king about whom nothing else is known. Vasile Pârvan argues that he was probably a Thracian dynast who employed the Dacian Getae tribe in plundering raids across the Danube, paying them in his coins. Theodor Mommsen argued that Koson was probably a Dacian ally of Brutus, since the coins seem to derive their imagery from

neg: Jutes tribal names were confused in the above sources (an error that demonstrably occurred in sources discussing the death of the 7th Century Swedish king Östen, for example). In both "Beowulf" (8th – 11th centuries) and "Widsith" (10th century), the "Eotenas" (in the Finn passage) are clearly distinguished from the "Geatas". The Germanic dialect which the Jutes spoke is unknown; there is currently no information or credible source to be found on their language. However, it is very likely Jutes had used a traditional Germanic form of the Runic alphabet. Most scholars agree that they spoke either a group of Proto-Norse

neg: Heaven first century. Modern scholars agree that the Kingdom of God was an essential part of the teachings of the historical Jesus. In spite of this, none of the gospels ever record Jesus as having explained exactly what the phrase "Kingdom of God" means. The most likely explanation for this apparent omission is that the Kingdom of God was a commonly understood concept that required no explanation. Jews in Judea during the early first century believed that God reigns eternally in Heaven, but many also believed that God would eventually establish his kingdom on earth as well. This belief is referenced

neg: Bulgarian phonology stress is also "distinctive": the following examples are not only differentiated by stress (see the different vowels): Stress usually isn't signified in written text, even in the above examples, if the context makes the meaning clear. However, the grave accent may be written if confusion is likely. The stress is often written in order to signify a dialectal deviation from the standard pronunciation: Bulgarian phonology This article discusses the phonological system of Standard Bulgarian. Most scholars agree that contemporary Bulgarian has 45 phonemes but different authors place the real number of Bulgarian phonemes between 42 and 47, depending on whether

neg: Pacification theory explain: "The extraction of surplus, as Adam Smith admits, can ‘be squeezed out of [the labourer] by violence only, and not by any interest of his own’ if he can subsist otherwise such as through access to communal land. This, in short, is the foundational bourgeois logic for the compulsion to pacify." Pacification theory may vary in its use depending on the analyst, but most scholars associated with Anti-security would likely agree that its central tenets encompass: Associated with this last point and serving an essential component of pacification is its immediate connection to making subjects economically "productive" both historically

neg: Head of Arles of Thespiae carved by Praxiteles. Either way, all scholars agree that the Head of Arles itself is Roman copy, made in the Antonine period at the latest and most likely in the Augustan period (First century AD). The Head was formerly identified as a depiction of the Empress Livia, wife of Augustus who was later deified (as a result of which it was called the "Head of Livia") but it follows an iconographic type which is more closely associated with Venus Genetrix, the victorious goddess invoked by Julius Caesar. The use of the type of Venus Genetrix can be interpreted

neg: Agrarian society from hunter-gatherer to agricultural economies after a lengthy period when some crops were deliberately planted and other foods were gathered from the wild. In addition to the emergence of farming in the Fertile Crescent, agriculture appeared in: by at least 6,800 B.C.E. in East Asia (rice) and, later, in Central and South America (maize and squash). Small-scale agriculture also likely arose independently in early Neolithic contexts in India (rice) and Southeast Asia (taro). However, full dependency on domestic crops and animals, when wild resources contributed a nutritionally insignificant component to the diet, did not occur until the Bronze Age. Agriculture

neg: Southeast Asia routines and relationships continued. For most, a life with subsistence level agriculture, fishing and, in less developed civilizations, hunting and gathering was still hard. Europeans brought Christianity allowing Christian missionaries to become widespread. Thailand also allowed Western scientists to enter its country to develop its own education system as well as start sending Royal members and Thai scholars to get higher education from Europe and Russia. During World War II, Imperial Japan invaded most of the former western colonies. The Shōwa occupation regime committed violent actions against civilians such as the Manila massacre and the implementation of a system of

neg: Amenmesse Thebes". His royal name was Menmire Setepenre. It is likely that he was not Merneptah's intended heir. Some scholars such as Kenneth Kitchen and Jürgen von Beckerath believe that Amenmesse usurped the throne from Seti-Merneptah, Merneptah's son and crown prince who should have been next in line to the royal succession. It is unclear how this would have happened. Kitchen has written that Amenmesse may have taken advantage of a momentary weakness of Seti-Merneptah or seized power while the crown prince was away in Asia. Seti-Merneptah was most likely the same man as king Seti II, whose reign was traditionally

neg: Southeast Asian coral reefs value to society. Coral reefs just off the coasts of Indonesia and the Philippines possess the world’s most diverse coral species and organisms. These coral reefs are susceptible to severe damage by environmental impacts and mankind. The majority of the destruction of coral reefs in Southeast Asia is due to illegal fishing practices and explosives. These explosives kill fish and shatter the coral skeletons resulting in depletion. Scientists agree that pollution, overfishing, cyanide fishing, and bleaching have negatively impacted about 85% of Indonesia’s reefs. In recent years, the direct and indirect effects of overfishing and pollution from agriculture and land

neg: Chinatowns in Asia population in most of these countries—with Singapore being the exception where Chinese-origin Singaporeans form the majority of the population. Chinese Indonesians and Chinese Filipinos have adopted to Indonesian and Filipino ways, respectively. Thai Chinese have generally assimilated into the larger Thai population. Historically and traditionally, Southeast Asia, South Asia and to some extent East Asia have been the traditional areas of Overseas Chinese settlement within Asia. Migrations of ethnic Chinese in the eighteenth and nineteenth century to other parts of Asia, primarily went to Southeast Asia with smaller numbers going to South Asia. As a result, Chinatowns emerged in many

neg: Hovet, Buskerud the Vikings. The literal translation of the place name «Hovet» is: «the hov». The word «hov» can be found in literature about sacred spaces in Viking law and religion, where is explained that «hov» is an old Norwegian word for «shrine». "A common place name element is hov (Old Norwegian), or hof, which denotes a heathen shrine. Scholars, however, do not believe it likely that all of the hof names originally meant "temple" or "shrine", rather most would have referred to a small building or area of a farmstead devoted to heathen worship. There is no evidence of buildings used

neg: Khmuic peoples previously mentioned, the progenitor of Haplogroup F was probably the ancestor of all Indo-Europeans. Their languages belong to the Khmuic language family, which is a branch of the Austro-Asiatic language family. Most scholars agree that the Khmuic languages are part of the Mon–Khmer branch of the Austro-Asiatic family, but the validity of the Mon–Khmer branch has recently been called into question. The Khmuic are generally an agricultural people, although gathering, hunting, trapping and fishing are also parts of the Khmuic lifestyle. Khmuic peoples Khmuic peoples refers to a group of ethnic groups of Southeast Asia. The Khmuic peoples are aboriginal

neg: Jefferson Scholars Foundation purposefully flexible and state that each scholar must choose a topic that cannot be fully explored from a computer and requires that they leave the country. Each project is unique; some scholars choose to focus on subjects diverting from strict academia while others choose to do academically significant research. While many scholars choose to do their independent in Europe as they are already there from their structured program, others have been known to do their studies in other parts of the world, including Africa, Asia and South America. Early on, the Jefferson Scholars competition was overseen by the Alumni Association,