query: who was responsible for removing prayer from schools

pos: Madalyn Murray O'Hair Madalyn Murray O'Hair Madalyn Murray O'Hair ("née" Mays; April 13, 1919 – September 29, 1995), was an American activist supporting atheism and separation of church and state. In 1963 she founded American Atheists and served as its president to 1986, after which her son Jon Garth Murray succeeded her. She created the first issues of "American Atheist Magazine". O'Hair is best known for the "Murray v. Curlett" lawsuit, which challenged the policy of mandatory prayers and Bible reading in Baltimore public schools, in which she named her first son William J. Murray as plaintiff. Consolidated with "Abington School District v.

pos: School prayer with an oral prayer or Bible reading. Catholics would sometimes object to the distinct Protestant observations performed in the local schools. For instance, in the Edgerton Bible Case ("Weiss v. District Board" (1890)), the Wisconsin Supreme Court ruled in favor of Catholics who objected to the use of the King James Bible in Wisconsin public schools. This ruling was based on the state constitution and only applied in Wisconsin. The media and popular culture often erroneously credit atheist Madalyn Murray O'Hair with removing school prayer from US public schools, when the case against recitation of the Lord's Prayer in Baltimore

neg: Political positions of Rudy Giuliani and in general support for a greater role for faith in the public sphere. On August 15, 2007 Giuliani told an Iowa audience that government has gone too far in removing God from schools and that he supports prayers in school ceremonies. In 2000 the U.S. Supreme Court ruled against prayer before football games. Likewise a federal court in Iowa ruled against the singing of the Lord's Prayer at commencement ceremonies. He also supports school prayer in regards to praying for victims of 9/11. Regarding the scientific theory of evolution, in a July 2006 public appearance in Arkansas, Giuliani said

neg: Graduation Pledge of Social and Environmental Responsibility to students to define for themselves what socially and environmentally responsible means. Over one hundred Universities and colleges as well as some high schools use the pledge to some extent. There are several different types of schools involved, including the following: Students who voluntarily sign the pledge seek out employment that reflects their values, sometimes turning down jobs with which they do not feel comfortable. Others work to make changes after they are on the job. Some examples include promoting recycling at their workplace, removing discriminatory language from training materials, working for gender equality in athletics, and helping to convince

neg: Dade Christian School Dade Christian School Dade Christian School is a private Christian school serving (2k-12th Grade) located in Miami, Florida. It is a ministry of New Testament Baptist Church. DCS has a 2012-2013 enrollment of 771. it was the second largest private school in Miami-Dade. It was founded as a segregation academy in response to the court ordered desegregation of Miami-Dade public schools. New Testament Baptist Church was founded in 1954, and Dade Christian School in 1961 by Pastor Al Janney. Al Janney founded Dade Christian School in reaction to court decisions removing mandatory prayer from public schools and as a segregation

neg: The 50% Rule the 50% Rule. However, the following year, Nick Timothy, the newly appointed director of the New Schools Network, responsible for encouraging and supporting the establishment of Free Schools, spoke out in favour of ending it. When Theresa May became Prime Minister in 2016, Nick Timothy became her Joint Chief of Staff, and was credited as responsible when later the same year a national consultation by the Department for Education asked for people's views on removing the 50% Rule, to enable new faith academies to select up to 100% of pupils based on their faith. The move was opposed by individuals

neg: More Beautiful You by Diaz is that young girls feel the pressure to give up their virginity to fulfill some societal standard of behavior, but not to do so and to be a "More Beautiful You" through Christ and wait for marriage. The intent of "Stand for You" is that the person includes Jesus in everyday life regardless as to how much effort society attempts to make it secular by removing "In God We Trust" from U.S. currency or prayer in its schools. This is not the chief aim of the song, however because it is meant to convey that our nation was

neg: Robert Birley a history master at Eton in 1926 and in 1935 was appointed as headmaster of Charterhouse. During this time, he was the principal author of the Fleming Report of 1944 on the relationship between the public schools and mainstream education. In 1947, after the Second World War, he became Educational Advisor to the Control Commission in the British Zone in Germany, responsible for educational reconstruction, and played an important role in the rewriting of Nazi history textbooks, removing their racist bent. From 1947 to 1949 he gave important support to Lilo Milchsack who formed the Anglo-German Association to improve post-war

neg: History of King's College London by the Privy Council in 1834. King's did not join Oxford, Cambridge and the Medical schools in objecting to the charter, but it was clear that if "London University" received degree awarding powers and official status as a university, the same would be expected for King's. However, before the issue could be resolved the Whig government fell, removing Brougham from office. In 1835, following a "prayer" to the King from the House of Commons to grant "London University" their charter, the government announced that it would establish a separate examining board to grant degrees, with "London University" and King's both

neg: School prayer poll indicates that the majority of Americans, 61%, are in favor of daily prayer in the classroom and 37% oppose daily worship Results show that those who attend church on a regular basis are 33% more likely to support prayer in schools than those who rarely attend church (82% and 49%, respectively). In addition, political ideology also plays a role in determining attitudes towards prayer in schools. Those who identify as Republican are more inclined to support daily prayer than Democrats and Independents, as 80% of Republicans, 64% of Independents, and 45% of Democrats are in favor. Studies show that

neg: History of the Roman Canon Mass contains errors and should be abolished" (Sess. XXII., cap. iv. can. vi; Denzinger, 819, 830). Pope Pius V (1566–72) made some changes such as removing from the Canon the mention of the emperor or king and shortening the "Communicantes" prayer by removing some saints' names and some clauses of the prayer. He published an authentic edition of the Roman Missal in 1570, and accompanied it with a Bull forbidding anyone to either add, or in any way change any part of it. This Missal was to be the only one used in the West and everyone was to conform

neg: James 5 when she importuned him, on account of her daughter, and would have no denial: such prayer has often been of much avail against Satan, who has been dispossessed by it; even the most stubborn kind of devils have been dislodged by fasting and prayer: it has often been the means of preserving kingdoms and nations, when invaded by enemies, as the instances of Jehoshaphat and Hezekiah show; and of removing judgments from a people, as was often done, through the prayers of Moses, as when fire and fiery serpents were sent among them; and of bringing down blessings as rain

neg: Prayer to Saint Michael XI ordered that the intention for which these prayers should from then on be offered was "to permit tranquility and freedom to profess the faith to be restored to the afflicted people of Russia". The practice of reciting this and the other Leonine prayers after Mass was officially suppressed by the 26 September 1964 Instruction "Inter Oecumenici" which came into effect on 7 March 1965. Removing the obligation to recite this prayer (along with the three Hail Mary's, the Hail Holy Queen, and the prayer for the Church) after Low Mass did not mean forbidding its use either privately or

neg: Ki Tissa in are reflected in and in turn in the "Ashrei" prayer in the morning ("Shacharit") and afternoon ("Mincha") prayer services. Similarly, Jews call on God's characteristic of forgiveness in with the words "forgive us, our Guide" in the weekday "Amidah" prayer in each of the three prayer services. And again, Jews cite God's characteristic of "steadfast lovingkindness ("rav chesed")" in in the "Kedushah D'Sidra" section of the "Minchah" service for Shabbat. Jews recite three times the 13 attributes of mercy in after removing the Torah from the Ark on Passover, Shavuot, Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur, Sukkot, and Hoshana Rabbah. During

neg: School prayer "Public Schools Act" were removed as being inconsistent with freedom of conscience and religion guarantees in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Further following the "Zylberberg" case to strike down use of the Lord’s Prayer in schools, the British Columbia Supreme Court incorporated the Ontario Court of Appeal's decision in "Zylberberg" in its entirety. From 1871 to 1989, observance of school prayer had declined. With the unfavorable court decision, the requirement for Christian morning exercises was replaced with the following clauses found in the "School Act" (1996) in British Columbia. Conduct: 76 (1) All schools and Provincial schools must

neg: Nunawading Christian College committee, determines the distribution of financial resources between schools. The College is open to young people who are willing to accept its standards of conduct. Nunawading Christian College is controlled by a School Council which is responsible for financial management, pupil enrolment, and the maintenance of the school facilities. Responsibility for the day-to-day operation of the school rests with the Principal and staff. All students take religion classes each year that they are enrolled. These classes cover topics in biblical history and Christian and denominational doctrines. Instructors in other disciplines also begin each class period with prayer or a short

neg: Anniversary Days Observance Act 1859 "occasional forms of prayer" from the Book of Common Prayer. These prayers were re-specified by royal proclamation after each new monarch's accession. The Queen-in-Council agreed to consider the matter. After some delay for legal advice, on 17 January 1859 the queen issued a new proclamation removing the prayers. However, the observances which the prayers fulfilled were mandated by various Acts of Parliament; so a bill, initially called the Occasional Forms of Prayer Bill, was introduced in February 1859 to repeal the provisions which were no longer being enforced. Whereas the 1858 petitions had related only to observances in the English

neg: Penor Rinpoche of the Nyingma followers. Now the request is usually made during Nyingma Monlam Chenmo in Bodhgaya. Each year a prayer festival called "Monlam Chenmo" is held in Bodh Gaya, the place of the Buddha's Enlightenment. Recognizing its importance, Penor Rinpoche headed a committee of monks, tulkus and khenpos who organized the yearly prayer ceremony. He was responsible for an ever-expanding population of Himalayan monks and nuns who come to Namdroling Monastery based on the traditional cultural style of sending a son or daughter to the monastery for an education. Many of the young monks and nuns come from extremely impoverished

neg: Juan Tyrone Garcia may have been responsible for Garcia’s disappearance. It is Hollywood lore that a “black book” exists chronicling the last few months of Garcia’s life and career. A crew member on Kung Fu Star Fighters described the contents of the book stating that it went into detail on who exactly was financing the film, who was responsible for Garcia’s erratic behavior as well as going into great detail on a small elite group of Hollywood higher ups and their plot to destroy Garcia’s career and motives for removing him from the public’s collective consciousness. It’s no coincidence that the black book

neg: Theta Phi Alpha today. However, Theta Phi Alpha is slowly removing religious aspects, in 1990 the Lord's Prayer was removed from the ritual. In 1992, the Theta Phi Alpha Prayer was removedand the following year a less religious ritual for deceased members and a nonreligious national philanthropy, The House that Theta Phi Alpha Built were introduced. Other efforts were made to create a new national identity during this time. In 2003, the logo and tagline were developed. At this time, the fraternity was also looking to honor its history as a singing fraternity. In 2010, a national songbook was developed and a CD

neg: Vaez later to engage in a disputation with the theologian Sorao; but Capodiferro, the papal nuncio, succeeded in removing him from the jurisdiction of the Inquisition, and sent him to Rome to be tried by the Curia. Pope Paul III, who was himself a believer in astrology, not only set Vaez at liberty, but even issued a bull (June 6, 1541) protecting the entire Vaez family, as well as the lawyers who had defended Ayres Vaez, against the Inquisition. Daniel Vaez was a Portuguese scholar who flourished at Amsterdam in the seventeenth century. Together with Joseph Athias, he published a prayer-book

neg: Abington School District v. Schempp as the one which "kicked God and prayer out of the schools". The views of various religious entities on the decision split between mainline Protestants and Jews, who in general strongly supported the decision, and evangelical Protestants and conservative Catholics, who strongly opposed the decision. Speaking from the conservative Protestant perspective, the Reverend Dr. Billy Graham said, "[i]n my opinion ... the Supreme Court ... is wrong. ... Eighty percent of the American people want Bible reading and prayer in the schools. Why should a majority be so severely penalized ...?" The mainline denominations, with the exception of the Roman

neg: Ashtabharya could not equal Krishna's weight. The other wives, except Rukmini, followed suit but Krishna's pan did not leave the ground. The wives requested Satyabhama to approach Rukmini. A helpless Satyabhama asked her foremost rival, Rukmini, for help. Rukmini, who was kidnapped by Krishna, had no wealth of her own. She chanted a prayer and put the holy tulsi leaf in the other pan, as the symbol of her love; removing the wealth of Satyabhama and the other queens from the pan. Krishna's pan was suddenly lifted into the air and the other pan touched the earth, even though only a

neg: School prayer students do continue to pray in public schools, even in organized groups such as "See You at the Pole", the lawsuit disallowed schools from including prayer as a compulsory activity required of every student. The success of O'Hair's lawsuit led to subsequent lawsuits by Mormon and Catholic families in Texas in 2000 to limit compulsory prayer at school-sponsored football games. Following these two cases came the Court's decision in "Lemon v. Kurtzman" (1971), a ruling that established the Lemon test for religious activities within schools. The Lemon test states that, in order to be constitutional under the Establishment Clause, any

neg: School Prayer Amendment officials from organizing or leading prayers as well as devotional Bible reading in public schools. Abington v. Schempp required that school faculties should neither promote nor degrade religion. The Supreme Court next examined school prayer in 1985 with the case of Wallace v. Jaffree. A change to Alabama's moment-of-silence law included a requirement that the moment of silence must be for "meditation or voluntary prayer." The Court saw the change as government promotion of prayer in the schools, and overturned the change to the law. The justices explained that a moment of silence is appropriate, but not for any religious

neg: History of tattooing in the smaller cycle of life, recognizing the importance of women giving life through childbirth and men removing life through warfare. Osage men were often tattooed after accomplishing major feats in battle, as a visual and physical reminder of their elevated status in their community. Some Osage women were tattooed in public as a form of a prayer, demonstrating strength and dedication to their nation. The Haudenosaunee People historically used tattooing in connection to war. A tradition for many young men was to go on a journey into the wilderness, fast from eating any food, and discover who their personal

neg: Dragon Ball (manga) them in completely. This avoided racist stereotypes, such as that of Mr. Popo's image. In October 2009, Wicomico County Public Schools in Maryland banned the "Dragon Ball" manga from their school district because it "depicts nudity, sexual contact between children and sexual innuendo among adults and children". Esther Keller, Robin Brenner and Eva Volin of "School Library Journal" had no opinion whether or not removing the manga from all schools in that district was right. However, Brenner and Volin criticize the parents who had a problem with the manga for going to a county council member who is involved with

neg: Manitou illness. Ojibwe shamans were primarily healers who used their spiritual connection to cure patients, since illness was believed to be caused by magic and spirits. To communicate with spirits and manipulate manitou, a shaman would enter a trance, induced by singing, dancing, drum beats, or the use of hallucinogens. Non-shamans could also interact with spirits by embarking upon a "vision quest," by means of prayer, fasting, hallucinogens, and/or removing themselves from the society of others. A person who underwent vision quests would be visited by an "animal, voice, or object," which would become his (or her) guardian spirit. In shamanistic

neg: Mosque stronger claim to the title of imam, but this view is not shared by the other schools. Leadership at prayer falls into three categories, depending on the type of prayer: five daily prayers, Friday prayer, or optional prayers. According to the Hanafi and Maliki school of Islamic jurisprudence, appointment of a prayer leader for Friday service is mandatory because otherwise the prayer is invalid. The Shafi'i and Hanbali schools, however, argue that the appointment is not necessary and the prayer is valid as long as it is performed in a congregation. A slave may lead a Friday prayer, but Muslim

neg: Benjamin Franklin strong faith in a God as the wellspring of morality and goodness in man, and as a Providential actor in history responsible for American independence. It was Ben Franklin who, at a critical impasse during the Constitutional Convention in June 1787, attempted to introduce the practice of daily common prayer with these words: ... In the beginning of the contest with G. Britain, when we were sensible of danger we had daily prayer in this room for the Divine Protection. Our prayers, Sir, were heard, and they were graciously answered. All of us who were engaged in the struggle must

neg: School prayer These regulations provided that either a teacher or student who has conscientious ground for objecting to the religious observances may be excused from them. The procedure to be followed in such cases was outlined in the regulations, which follow in full:Division (15)—Scripture Readings (Section 167) 15.01 Where a teacher sends a written notice to the Board of School Trustees or official trustee by whom he is employed that he has conscientious objections to conducting the. ceremony of reading prescribed selections from the Bible and reciting the Lord’s Prayer (as provided by Section 167 of the Public Schools Act), he shall

neg: John Melcher on environmental issues, but was pro-life and supported prayer in public schools. He was a co-sponsor of the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977, which regulated coal strip mining. Melcher was responsible in 1984 for an amendment to the Animal Welfare Act that required psychological well-being to be protected in primate research. This legislation was praised by Jane Goodall, and in 1987 he was the presenter to her of the Schweitzer Medal of the Animal Welfare Institute. After serving in the Senate, Melcher worked as a lobbyist for multiple organizations, including the American Veterinary Medical Association. Melcher died

neg: Jewish prayer very small number of Modern Orthodox congregations accept some such arguments, but very few Orthodox congregations or authorities accept all or even most of them. Many of those who do not accept this reasoning point to "kol isha", the tradition that prohibits a man from hearing a woman other than his wife or close blood relative sing. JOFA refers to congregations generally accepting such arguments as Partnership Minyanim. On Shabbat in a Partnership Minyan, women can typically lead "Kabbalat Shabbat", the "P'seukei D'Zimrah", the services for removing the Torah from and replacing it to the Ark, and Torah reading, as

neg: American Atheists we are our brother's keepers and are keepers of our own lives; that we are responsible persons and the job is here and the time is now." The justices rendered their decision on June 17, 1963. It was in favor of the petitioners, 8-1. They ruled that state-mandated prayer and unison bible readings in public schools were a violation of the Establishment Clause in the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. Justice Potter Stewart was the sole dissenter. On August 27, 1995, Madalyn, Jon and Robin O'Hair disappeared from the organization's former Austin, Texas, headquarters, along with over $550,000

neg: Absolution of the dead prayer, it is intended only to forgive those sins which the departed had repented of during his or her lifetime. The reading of the Prayer of Absolution is a more recent practice and replaces the older (and shorter) "Parting Prayer": The Prayer of Absolution is not read in the Funeral for a Child (a special funeral used for children under the age of seven), since such young children are not generally held to be morally responsible for their sins, but is replaced by the following prayer: Absolution of the dead The Absolution of the dead (or Absoute from the French)

neg: Pope John XXIII and Judaism the change in language during the Good Friday service in St. Peter's Basilica in April 1963. When the canon reciting the eight prayers included the word "perfidis" when chanting the Prayer for the Jews, the seventh prayer, the Pope signaled for the liturgy to stop and then had the sequence of prayers repeated from the beginning with the word omitted. In a related action, Pope John in 1960 modified the language used in baptizing adults, removing the warning against returning to one's earlier religious faith, with texts available for a pagan, Muslim, Jew, and heretical Christian. In the case of

neg: Engel v. Vitale Engel v. Vitale Engel v. Vitale, 370 U.S. 421 (1962), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that it is unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and encourage its recitation in public schools. The state of New York approved a piece of legislation which encouraged students to start their school days with the Pledge of Allegiance and a prayer with the text: The case was brought by a group of families of public school students in New Hyde Park from the Herricks Union Free School District who sued the school

neg: Ronald Reagan United States or by any state to participate in prayer." In 1984, Reagan again raised the issue, asking Congress "why can't freedom to acknowledge God be enjoyed again by children in every schoolroom across this land?" In 1985, Reagan expressed his disappointment that the Supreme Court ruling still bans a moment of silence for public schools, and said he had "an uphill battle." In 1987 Reagan renewed his call for Congress to support voluntary prayer in schools and end "the expulsion of God from America's classrooms." Critics argue that any governmental imposition of prayer on public school students is involuntary.

neg: Shemot (parsha) Lekhah Dodi. According to a Midrash, states God's intention in removing Israel from Egyptian slavery when it says, "you shall serve God upon this mountain." And it was to this service that Moses dedicated the Tabernacle, and it was on the day that Moses completed the Tabernacle that Moses composed which Jews recite in the "Pseukei D'Zimrah" section of the morning ("Shacharit") prayer service. The exchange of Moses and God in about God's name is in part about how we as humans can perceive God, and that in turn is one of the motivations of prayer. Some Jews read about

neg: James Dobson to People for the American Way, Focus on the Family material has been used to challenge a book or curriculum taught in public schools. Critics, such as People for the American Way, allege that Focus on the Family encourages Christian teachers to establish prayer groups in public schools. Dobson supports student-led prayer in public schools, and believes that allowing student-led Christian prayer in schools does not violate the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. In his book "Dare to Discipline", Dobson advocates the spanking of children up to eight years old when they misbehave, but warns that "corporal punishment

neg: Yehudit Harari among other things by increasing Hebrew studies among the students, removing English from the kindergarten and the lower grades, and instilling Jewish-national consciousness by establishing a Hebrew library in the school, which until then included only holy and prayer books Following her marriage to Haim Harari, she moved to Jaffa and taught at Herzliya Hebrew Gymnasium until the birth of her son Yizhar in 1908. , a teaching fellow of those years, said that "there were always boys and girls who had a special affection for the experienced teacher and obeyed her instructions" In 1910 she returned to teach at

neg: School prayer these numbers have been steadily dropping since 2001, but the majority of Americans continue to support having religion in the education system. Prior to 1944, in British Columbia, the "Public Schools Act" (1872) permitted the use of the Lord’s Prayer in opening or closing school. In 1944, the government of British Columbia amended the "Public Schools Act" to provide for compulsory Bible reading at the opening of the school day, to be followed by a compulsory recitation of the Lord’s Prayer. This amendment appeared as section 167 of the "Public Schools Act", and read as follows: 167. All public schools

neg: School prayer the argument that the need to seek exemption from Christian exercises is itself a form of religious discrimination. The judges described as insensitive the position of the respondents that it was beneficial for the minority children to confront the fact of their difference from the majority. In 1989, Joan Russow challenged, in the British Columbia Supreme Court, the "Public Schools Act’s" requirement that in British Columbia all public schools were to be opened with the Lord’s Prayer and a Bible reading. The argument was similar to the "Zylberberg" case and the result was the same: The offending words in the

neg: Book of Common Prayer from the 1549 BCP. The insertion undid Cranmer's rejection in his second book of 1552 of the Eucharist as a material sacrifice by which the Church offers itself to God in an unbloody liturgical representation in and with the very same sacrifice of Christ who is both priest and victim, both offering and offered. This reworking thereby aligned the church's eucharistic theology more closely to that of the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches. Further revisions occurred in 1892 and 1928, in which minor changes were made, removing, for instance, some of Cranmer's Exhortations and introducing such innovations as prayers for

neg: Shadowrun Returns character. Further campaigns can be downloaded from Steam Workshop or external websites. The player assumes the role of a shadowrunner who receives a pre-recorded message from his or her old shadowrunner accomplice, Sam Watts, which was triggered by a dead man's switch embedded within his body. Sam's message states that he has 100,000 nuyen being held in escrow as a reward should he bring whomever was responsible for his death to justice. Upon arriving in Seattle, the runner discovers that Sam is the latest victim of the Emerald City Ripper, a serial killer who has been surgically removing organs from

neg: Evelyn M. Cohen with Menachem Schmelzer. Cohen is the daughter of Haskell Cohen, the former Publicity Director of the NBA. Evelyn M. Cohen Evelyn M. Cohen is an American art historian. Cohen is an expert in the art of medieval Jewish manuscripts. Cohen was responsible for reuniting the two halves of the oldest dated Jewish manuscript from the German lands. While working in an archive, she recognized that the partial manuscript of a Jewish holiday prayer book that she was examining was the other half of a prayer book that she had examined in another archive. The manuscript was the personal prayer book

neg: Evelyn M. Cohen Evelyn M. Cohen Evelyn M. Cohen is an American art historian. Cohen is an expert in the art of medieval Jewish manuscripts. Cohen was responsible for reuniting the two halves of the oldest dated Jewish manuscript from the German lands. While working in an archive, she recognized that the partial manuscript of a Jewish holiday prayer book that she was examining was the other half of a prayer book that she had examined in another archive. The manuscript was the personal prayer book of Qalonimos ben Yehuda dated 28 Tevet, 5050 (January 12, 1290), Esslingen am Neckar. Cohen is noted

neg: Rosary-based prayers end of the rosary," the Jesus Prayer is prayed. While use of the Roman Catholic rosary has gradually been adopted by many Eastern Catholics, many Eastern Catholic churches have undertaken a campaign of liturgical de-Latinization, removing imported devotions and practices (such as the rosary) that have obscured and replaced traditional and authentic devotions and practices of the Eastern Catholic Churches. Subsequently, the most common prayer used in the Eastern Christian Churches (Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic) is the Jesus Prayer, which makes use of the more ancient prayer rope (chotki), a knotted rope (rather than beads) joined together with a

neg: Moment of silence creating reflection and respect without endorsing any particular sect. President Ronald Reagan was a supporter of a moment of silence in American schools. In 1981 Reagan formally proposed a constitutional amendment permitting organized prayer in public schools. In his 1984 state of the union address, Reagan asked Congress, who begin their day with an invocation: "If you can begin your day with a member of the clergy standing right here leading you in prayer, then why can't freedom to acknowledge God be enjoyed again by children in every schoolroom across this land?" The Lubavitcher rebbe, Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson was

neg: Indigenous education where children assist their relatives or serve as apprentices for several years. However, increasing modernity is a challenge to such modes of instruction. Some types of indigenous knowledge are dying out because of decreased need for them and a lack of interest from youth, who increasingly leave the village for jobs in the cities. Furthermore, formal Chinese state schooling "interferes with informal traditional learning." Children must travel a distance from their villages to attend state schools, removing them from traditional learning opportunities in the home and workplace. The curriculum in state schools is standardized across China and holds little relevance

neg: School prayer unlawful in public schools. In these two landmark decisions, "Engel v. Vitale" (1962) and "Abington School District v. Schempp" (1963), the Supreme Court established what is now the current prohibition on state-sponsored prayer in US schools. While the "Engel" decision held that the promulgation of an official state-school prayer stood in violation of the First Amendment’s Establishment Clause (thus overruling the New York Courts’ decisions), "Abington" held that Bible readings and other public school-sponsored religious activities were prohibited. Madalyn Murray's lawsuit, "Murray v. Curlett", contributed to the removal of compulsory Bible reading from the public schools of the United States,

neg: Salah times Salah times Salat times refers to times when Muslims perform prayers ("salat"). The term is primarily used for the five daily prayers plus the Friday prayer. According to Muslim beliefs, the salat times were taught by Allah to Muhammad. Prayer times are standard for Muslims in the world, especially the fard prayer times. They depend on the condition of the Sun and geography. There are varying opinions regarding the exact salat times, the schools of Islamic thought differing in minor details. All schools agree that any given prayer cannot be performed before its stipulated time. The five daily prayers are

neg: School prayer schools and practices." Analysis of multiple polls since the 1970s by sociologist Philip Schwadel showed support for school prayer dipped slightly but remains popular with the majority of Americans, with a recent 2011 poll showing 65 percent support. Questions regarding whether prayer should be present or absent in the United States public school system have been causing controversy for decades due to the need to allow religious freedom and guarantee the rights of the first amendment in the United States constitution. Although the topic has many opponents as well as those who are indifferent to the issue, a 2014 Gallup

neg: Political positions of Ronald Reagan of the Jewish faith and the subjugation of blacks, while the same amendment forbids our children from saying a prayer in school?". However, President Reagan did not pursue a constitutional amendment requiring school prayer in public schools. Reagan mischaracterized the Supreme Court decisions on school prayer as no decision of the Court has ever held that a child is prohibited from praying on his own. The effect of the school prayer decisions is to prohibit public school authorities from requiring children to participate in prayer. Reagan was particularly opposed to the establishment of the Department of Education, which had occurred

neg: School prayer First Amendment rights via the Fourteenth Amendment. Use of the Regent's prayer was initially upheld in both New York State Court and in the New York Court of Appeals, prompting Engels to petition the US Supreme Court in the "Engel v. Vitale" case in 1962. With its 8–1 vote to make public recitation of the Regents' Prayer in public schools unlawful, the U.S. Supreme Court made its first-ever decision on prayer in public schools. It made its second in 1963—the "Abington School District v. Schempp" ruling, which made the corporate reading of the Bible and recitation of the Lord's Prayer

neg: Unitarian Universalism by the teachings of the Polish Socinians, Samuel Clarke (1675–1729) revised the "Book of Common Prayer", removing the Trinitarian Nicene Creed and references to Jesus as God. Theophilus Lindsey also revised the "Book of Common Prayer" to allow a more tolerant, free Unitarian interpretation. Neither cleric was charged under the Blasphemy Act 1697 that made it an "offense for any person, educated in or having made profession of the Christian religion, by writing, preaching, teaching or advised speaking, to deny the Holy Trinity". The Act of Toleration (1689) gave relief to English Dissenters, but excluded Unitarians. The efforts of Clarke

neg: School prayer the use of the Lord’s Prayer in opening exercises in public schools offended the Charter s. 2(a). 1988. (1988), 65 O.R. (2d) 641, 29 O.A.C. 23 (C.A.). Education regulations did not require the use of the Lord's Prayer and there was an exemption provision. The Ontario Court of Appeal ruled that the regulation infringed religious freedom because schools could use only the Lord's Prayer rather than a more inclusive approach. It was argued that the exemption provision effectively stigmatized children and coerced them into a religious observance which was offensive to them. The Ontario Court of Appeal was persuaded by

neg: Western Wall Edward Keith-Roach, acceded to an Arab request to implement the ban. This led to a British officer being stationed at the Wall making sure that Jews were prevented from sitting. Nor were Jews permitted to separate the sexes with a screen. In practice, a flexible modus vivendi had emerged and such screens had been put up from time to time when large numbers of people gathered to pray. On September 24, 1928, the Day of Atonement, British police resorted to removing by force a screen used to separate men and women at prayer. Women who tried to prevent the screen

neg: Cock Lane ghost was real. Other witnesses included the carpenter responsible for removing the wainscotting from Parsons' apartment and Catherine Friend, who to escape the knocking noises had left the property. One witness's testimony caused the court to burst into laughter, at which she replied "I assure you gentlemen, it is no laughing matter, whatever you may think of it." Thomas Broughton was also called, as was a priest surnamed Ross, one of those who had questioned the ghost. Judge Murray asked him "Whether he thought he had puzzled the Ghost, or the Ghost had puzzled him?" John Moore was offered support by

neg: Whodunnit (play) serve up his own cocktail creation, the "Zombie Whammy". There is also Andreas Capodistriou, a smooth talking serpent of a man who demonstrates to each guest in turn that he knows something compromising about them and is intent on blackmailing each one. The act climaxes as each guest, having a reason to want Capodistriou dead, conceals his or her self on the set to lie in wait for the victim, who arrives alone and kneels to perform his evening prayer. As he does so, a collection of sword-wielding hands appear around him. One blade falls, removing his head, and the

neg: Christian right content being taught at school. In recent years, the percentage of children being homeschooled has risen from 1.7% of the student population in 1999 to 2.2% in 2003. Much of this increase has been attributed to the desire to incorporate Christian teachings into the curriculum. In 2003, 72% of parents who homeschooled their children cited the ability to provide religious or moral instruction as the reason for removing their children from public schools. The "Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District" case established that creationism cannot be taught in public schools, and in response officials have increasingly appropriated public funds for

neg: Thomas of Villanova and structural solutions to the problem of poverty; for example, giving work to the poor, thereby making his charity bear fruit. "Charity is not just giving, rather removing the need of those who receive charity and liberating them from it when possible," he wrote. He established boarding schools and high schools. Thomas died in Valencia on September 8, 1555 of angina at the age of 67. His remains are preserved at the Cathedral there. He was canonized by Pope Alexander VII on November 1, 1658. His feast day is celebrated on September 22. Thomas is the author of various "Tracts,"

neg: School prayer all pupils. The Department of Education in England states that all schools must maintain religious prayer in schools in order to reflect the beliefs and traditions of the country, which is predominantly of the Christian faith. However, a recent BBC radio study shows that 64% of children (out of 500) do not attend or participate in daily acts of worship or prayer. Regarding public opinion in the United Kingdom for mandated school prayer, the numbers are relatively similar. In fact, a 2011 survey conducted by BBC found that 60% of parents (out of the 1,743 questioned) believed that the legislation

neg: School prayer that requires group worship should not be enforced at all. Although parents do retain the right to officially keep their children from taking part in daily worship, there are critics who claim the legislation should be changed or discarded completely in order to allow for religious freedom and cater to the wants of parents, children, and staff. The issue of school prayer remains contentious even where courts as diverse as those in Canada, the United States, Russia, and Poland attempt to strike a balance between religious and secular activity in state-sponsored arenas. Some arguments have held that religion in schools

neg: Pan Am Flight 73 million to the families of the 170 UTA victims. The seven American UTA victims' families refused the offer and instead filed a claim for $2.2 billion against Libya. From 2004 to 2006 the U.S. and UK opened up relations with Libya, including removing sanctions and removing the country as a sponsor of terrorism. In June 2004, a volunteer group of families and victims from the incident, "Families from Pan Am Flight 73", was formed to work toward a memorial for those killed in the incident, to seek the truth behind this terrorist attack, and to hold those responsible for it

neg: Smithfield, London a year's imprisonment. The prayer of this petition was granted, audits penalties were enforced during several reigns. Thomas Hood wrote in 1830 an "Ode to the Advocates for the Removal of Smithfield Market", applauding those "philanthropic men" who aim at removing to a distance the "vile Zoology" of the market and "routing that great nest of Hornithology". Charles Dickens criticised locating a livestock market in the heart of the capital in his 1851 essay "" drawing comparisons with the French market at Poissy outside Paris: Of a great Institution like Smithfield, [the French] are unable to form the least conception.

neg: Cherokee and priestly, was responsible for religious activities, such as healing, purification, and prayer. A second group of younger men, the "red" organization, was responsible for warfare. The Cherokee considered warfare a polluting activity. After warfare, the warriors required purification by the priestly class before participants could reintegrate into normal village life. This hierarchy had disappeared long before the 18th century. Researchers have debated the reasons for the change. Some historians believe the decline in priestly power originated with a revolt by the Cherokee against the abuses of the priestly class known as the "Ani-kutani". Ethnographer James Mooney, who studied the

neg: School prayer schools was decided by the Supreme Court in 1963. A more significant case had reached the Supreme Court one year prior, suddenly changing the legal climate for school prayer in the US. In 1955, the New York Board of Regents developed a prayer recommended (but not required) for the school districts under its purview. The prayer was relatively short: "Almighty God, we acknowledge our dependence on Thee, and we beg Thy blessings upon us, our parents, our teachers, and our country." The board stated that the prayer would "combat juvenile delinquency and counter the spread of Communism." Seven years later,

neg: Discrimination in Ghana and violence against minorities". Discrimination in Ghana is widespread against the disabled. Few educational institutions accept disabled students or make provision for such students including those with mild cases, for example students who cannot climb stairs. Government building and worship centers are mostly built also lacking that same capability. Adults with mental illness may be put in prayer camps. In some communities infants who show signs of deformity are put to death for fear of infecting everyone else in their family with a perceived bad luck. The Lord's Prayer is compulsory to students in all basic schools and in most

neg: Lithuanian press ban Juška discontinued his work and Kornilov formed a committee to work on publishing Lithuanian books in Cyrillic. The committee had four members: the Polish librarian Stanisław Mikucki from Warsaw, Russian Jonas Kerčinskis, a Lithuanian Catholic priest who had converted to Eastern Orthodoxy, Antanas Petkevičius, and the well-known Lithuanian educator and publisher Laurynas Ivinskis. Ivinskis soon withdrew from the committee. The first such book was a primer intended for use in the new Russian schools that were replacing the Lithuanian parish schools. It appeared during the summer of 1864. The committee also published a prayer book, a calendar, and other religious

neg: Reform Party of Ontario who won. The Reform Association for Ontario was renamed the Reform Ontario movement and continued to promote its "Triple 'R' Government" agenda, including recall for removing unpopular politicians and fixed election dates, referenda on the issues such as electoral financing reform and preferential ballot voting, and "real responsible representation" through more free votes for MPPs instead of direction from party whips in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. The Representative Party of Ontario was formed by and led by Bill Cook, a former Reform Ontario activist from Bruce—Grey—Owen Sound. When the name was rejected in 2005, the party was then intended

neg: Plenary Councils of Baltimore the negroes in our midst. Title xi, Of Books and Newspapers.-(i) Parents should guard their children against bad books. The bishops desire that textbooks in Catholic schools and colleges should be purged of everything contrary to faith. (ii) Of the dissemination of good books. (iii) Prayer books should not be published until officially revised. (iv) Newspapers are frequently injurious to good morals. When a Catholic newspaper has a bishop's approbation, this means only that he judges that nothing will be published against faith or morals in its pages. He does not make himself responsible, however, for all that the paper

neg: Clonmacnoise surviving high crosses in Ireland, and of particular interest for its surviving inscription, which asks a prayer for Flann Sinna, King of Ireland, and Abbot Colmán who commissioned the cross. Both men were also responsible for the building of the Cathedral. The cross was carved from Clare sandstone "c."900. The surface of the cross is divided into panels, showing scenes including the Crucifixion, the Last Judgement, and Christ in the Tomb. The original was moved into the visitors' centre in 1991 to preserve it from the elements; a replica stands at the original site. Cathedral (Temple McDermot): Building started around

neg: Ronald Reagan country's economic malaise, arguing: "In this present crisis, government is not the solution to our problems; government is the problem." In 1981, Reagan became the first president to propose a constitutional amendment on school prayer. Reagan's election reflected an opposition to the 1962 Supreme Court case "Engel v. Vitale", prohibiting state officials from composing an official state prayer and requiring that it be recited in the public schools. Reagan's 1981 proposed amendment stated: "Nothing in this Constitution shall be construed to prohibit individual or group prayer in public schools or other public institutions. No person shall be required by the

neg: Jerusalem Christian Review premier Yitzhak Shamir writes that,"the "Jerusalem Christian Review", Jerusalem's leading Christian newspaper... reports on archaeological and historical discoveries [in Israel]: its' insightful commentary on the past in its' relevance to the present." Among the articles of note published in recent editions are: The "Jerusalem Christian Review" was responsible for organizing the first globally publicized "link of prayer" for peace from Jerusalem (See World Day of Prayer). This was in June 1993 and the event included more than one hundred Christian and political leaders from around the world broadcast live by satellite and radio from Jerusalem. Hosted by "Jerusalem Christian Review"

neg: Manitoba separate school system in the original constitution of Manitoba, but a grassroots political movement among English Protestants from 1888 to 1890 demanded the end of French schools. In 1890, the Manitoba legislature passed a law removing funding for French Catholic schools. The French Catholic minority asked the federal government for support; however, the Orange Order and other anti-Catholic forces mobilized nationwide to oppose them. The federal Conservatives proposed remedial legislation to override Manitoba, but they were blocked by the Liberals, led by Wilfrid Laurier, who opposed the remedial legislation because of his belief in provincial rights. Once elected Prime Minister

neg: Glenda Ritz to remove Ritz from the state board by removing the superintendent from the chair position. In 2014, Indiana became the first state to pull out of the Common Core standards with the support of the state legislature, Gov. Pence, and endorsed by Ritz and the legislature authorized Ritz to oversee the development of new standards. Pence and Ritz were able to agree on the new standards. New tests were created for those standards and also the federally mandated standards pushed by Pence, which resulted in 12-hours of standardized testing. Controversy developed over who was responsible for length of the testing

neg: Mobile County Public School System 1991 Governor of Alabama Guy Hunt announced that the state education budget would decrease by $145 million. Therefore, the MCPSS administration prepared for a possible closure. In 2001 superintendent Harold W. Dodge proposed removing all extracurricular activities from MCPSS schools in order to save $1.3 million. This money funded supplemental salaries for people who do instruction for extracurricular activities, including American football programs. In 2013, the Southern Poverty Law Center won a permanent settlement with the school district that prohibits suspending students for violating the school uniform policy. the out-of-district tuition for Mobile County schools is $2,200 per student per

neg: Separation of church and state in the United States prayer and require its recitation in public schools, even when the prayer is non-denominational and students may excuse themselves from participation. (The prayer required by the New York State Board of Regents prior to the Court's decision consisted of: "Almighty God, we acknowledge our dependence upon Thee, and we beg Thy blessings upon us, our parents, our teachers, and our country. Amen.") As the Court stated: The petitioners contend, among other things, that the state laws requiring or permitting use of the Regents' prayer must be struck down as a violation of the Establishment Clause because that prayer was composed

neg: Washington Theological Consortium or lectern exchanges are coordinated with the Academic Deans. Joint grant writing and publishing between faculty members are also encouraged through WTC networks. Students are served through a Student Board of the WTC, which has representatives from each of the theological schools. The Student Board develops and leads three student events a year: including an Opening Prayer Service and Dinner Conversations, a Pub Event (a quiz or informal faculty talk), and the spring Sermon Slam, with stellar preachers from each of the schools. They also plan and lead the annual Prayer Service for Christian Unity, which precedes the Figel Event

neg: Galina Balashova Galina Balashova Galina Andreevna Balashova (, born 1931) is a Russian architect and designer who was associated with the Soviet space program. Balashova was born in Kolomna and was educated at the Moscow Architectural Institute. Balashova began her career in 1955 at the GiproAviaProm design institute in Kuibyshev. Her work at this time involved removing decorative elements, considered "decadent", from residential buildings. In 1957, she became senior architect at OKB-1, which was responsible for design during the early days of the Soviet space program. She began by designing residences for employees but later contributed to the interior design of the

neg: Rachel's Tomb the Jews to repair the shrine itself, but not the antechamber. In 1915 the structure had four walls, each about 7 m (23 ft.) long and 6 m (20 ft.) high. The dome, rising about 3 m (10 ft.), "is used by the Moslems for prayer; its holy character has hindered them from removing the Hebrew letters from its walls." Three months after the British occupation of Palestine the whole place was cleaned and whitewashed by the Jews without protest from the Muslims. However, in 1921 when the Chief Rabbinate applied to the Municipality of Bethlehem for permission to perform

neg: Muhammad Nasiruddin al-Albani he redefined the proper gestures and formulae that constitute the Muslim prayer ritual "according to the Prophet's sallallahu 'alayhi wa sallams practice." These were contrary to the prescriptions of all established schools of jurisprudence. As he argued that several details of the concrete prayer that have been taught from generation to generation were based on dubious hadith, his book caused considerable unease. Albani's descriptions for the performance of the Tahajjud and Taraweeh prayer deviated considerably from established practice. Albani openly criticized Syed Qutb after the leader was executed. He claimed that Qutb had deviated in creed and held the belief

neg: Elizabeth Canning alone, and then those from Wells's house. Squires and Wells were committed, the former for removing Canning's stays and the latter for "keeping a disorderly House". George Squires and Virtue Hall, who both denied any involvement in the kidnapping, were set free; Canning and her supporters were allowed home. Assault in 18th-century England was viewed by the authorities not as a breach of the peace, but rather as a civil action between two parties in dispute. The onus therefore was on Canning to take legal action against those she claimed had imprisoned her, and she would also be responsible for

neg: Mickey Munday in open fish and speed boats. In 1980, he founded LC Towing. The sudden death of a close friend, in 1978, left Munday responsible for removing unwanted contraband from his friend's warehouse before the man's grieving parents found it. Having thought it was only 2-10 pounds of marijuana, Munday was shocked to discover 2,000 pounds of marijuana inside a locked room. After clearing out the room, Munday gave the pot to a friend, who sold it and gave Munday $165,000 from the sale. After careful consideration and extensive planning, Munday purchased his first plane, a 680 Aero Commander, and began

neg: Heptonstall were returned, with new bearings, in October 2012. The American poet Sylvia Plath, who was married to Poet Laureate Ted Hughes from nearby Mytholmroyd, is buried in the graveyard extension, to the south-west of St Thomas a' Beckett's churchyard. Plath's headstone has been several times vandalised by removing Hughes's surname from the memorial, because some of her fans believe he was responsible for her death. Another poet buried here is the American expatriate Asa Benveniste, a co-founder in London of the publisher Trigram Press. In the 1980s Benveniste and his partner Agnetha Falk ran a secondhand bookshop in Hebden Bridge.

neg: Shawe Memorial High School School-sponsored prayer, long since banned from the public schools, is a recurring event at the school, right before the daily Pledge of Allegiance (God included, of course). While prayer and fundraising were both good at keeping the schools open, supporters of the Catholic school system realized they needed something else to ensure the future of the schools, which weren’t always financially stable. The Prince of Peace Catholic Schools (Pope John XXIII Elementary and Shawe Memorial) are the only Catholic school system in the Archdiocese of Indianapolis that is funded solely by one parish. In July 1986, a group of supporters

neg: Marfo-Mariinsky Convent they gathered in the hospital chapel for a common rule of prayer followed by the reading of a gospel, an epistle, a psalm, and perhaps a brief sermon by the priest serving that day. The sisters departed from the chapel after receiving a blessing from the priest and greeting the mother superior. They then gathered for some tea before going to their daily obediences. Those who were not immediately needed at their obedience remained in the chapel for the Divine Liturgy. Sisters were responsible for the reading and chanting in both churches. The chant was generally of a simple monastic

neg: Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom The Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom, or Prayer Pilgrimage to Washington, was a 1957 demonstration in Washington, D.C., an early event in the Civil Rights Movement, and the occasion for Martin Luther King Jr.'s "Give Us the Ballot" speech. The demonstration was planned at the occasion of the third anniversary of the "Brown v. Board of Education", a landmark Supreme Court decision against segregation in public schools. The event organizers urged the government to abide by that decision, as the process of desegregation was being obstructed at local and state levels. The march was organized by A.

neg: Roman Catholic Diocese of Buffalo school closures in 2007, and were required to enroll in other educational programs outside of these schools. In the five years immediately preceding the school closures, many families had already begun removing their children from Catholic schools in the diocese due to the instability of the schools, and concerns about not desiring their children to be enrolled in schools in which there was little or no future. While the average cost of teaching one student in the 14 schools in 2007 was $4,738, the average tuition cost for the student was $1,525. Therefore, the debt of those schools' parishes averaged

neg: Lead (curling) Lead (curling) In curling, the lead is the person who delivers the first two stones of the end for their team. On most teams, where the lead does not act as skip or vice, the lead will sweep for each of their teammates. Because of the free-guard rule, which prevents leads from removing most of an opponents stones, leads are usually proficient at throwing guards and other draws, and throw few takeouts or other power shots. In some regions, such as Eastern Ontario and the Eastern United States, the lead is responsible for determining who has hammer, using random selection,

neg: Kyaikhtisaung Sayadaw his care, rural roads and bridges were built and local schools were renovated. He provided free vegetarian meals to those who assisted in the restoration projects, guests from afar, and anyone who was seeking shelter at the pagoda for religious study. He distributed money, prayer books, meditation rosaries, and amulets to seekers who visited him. As a result of his charities, the region became a more developed area. On 3 March 2011, the Kyaikhtisaung Sayadaw had 135 of the stone inscriptions made by the Hermit U Khanti brought to the Kyaikhtisaung compound from Mandalay Hill. In 2013, Myanmar Tycoon Khin

neg: Annibale Maria di Francia aged and pregnant girls, educational institutions and vocational schools, missions and parishes, religious printing houses and vocation centers which promote the ideals of ""Rogate"". The message and the mission of Saint Hannibal is not only valued among those involved in vocation ministry and those who have at heart the formation of the clergy but also by all those who have come to understand the need of prayer for more vocations in the Church. The need for such a prayer has been recently recognized by the Supreme Authority of the Church. Pope Paul VI on January 23, 1964 instituted the "World

neg: Charles Voysey (theist) alleged to have maintained and promulgated doctrines contrary and repugnant to or inconsistent with the Articles of Religion and Formularies of the Church of England." His appeal dismissed, Voysey lost his benefice. Before the judgement, Voysey had begun holding services in London at St George's Hall, Langham Place, attracting a number of sympathisers. These gatherings eventually formalised as an independent religious denomination under the name of the Theistic Church. For use at services Voysey published "The Revised Prayer Book" in 1871 which retained much of the content of the Book of Common Prayer, rewording and removing specific references to Christ,

neg: Penance the service of Morning Prayer in "The Book of Common Prayer". The confession of one's sin is particularly important before receiving Holy Communion; the official United Methodist publication about the Eucharist titled "This Holy Mystery" states that: Many Methodists, like other Protestants, regularly practice confession of their sin to God Himself, holding that "When we do confess, our fellowship with the Father is restored. He extends His parental forgiveness. He cleanses us of all unrighteousness, thus removing the consequences of the previously unconfessed sin. We are back on track to realise the best plan that He has for our lives."

neg: Charles Sanderson, Baron Sanderson of Bowden is taken from a village in the Roxburghshire area of the Scottish Borders. From 1987 to 1990 Lord Sanderson was a Minister of State in the Scottish Office, responsible for housing, agriculture and fisheries. He also served as Chairman of the Conservative Party in Scotland in the early 1990s, and was seen as responsible for removing Michael Forsyth from the Scottish Office and other right-wingers from the Party's Central Office in Scotland. In 2010 he was appointed to lead a review into the future of the Conservative Party in Scotland. This followed the 2010 United Kingdom general election, where despite

neg: John Fisher, 1st Baron Fisher 1886 to 1890, he was Director of Naval Ordnance, responsible for weapons and munitions. He was responsible for the development of quick-firing guns to be used against the growing threat from torpedo boats, and particularly claimed responsibility for removing wooden boarding pikes from navy ships. The Navy did not have responsibility for manufacture and supply of weapons and ammunition, which was in the hands of the War Office. Fisher began a long campaign to return this responsibility to the Admiralty, but did not finally succeed until he later became First Sea Lord. He was appointed Aide-de-Camp to the Queen in

neg: Temple of Heaven Temple of Heaven The Temple of Heaven () is an imperial complex of religious buildings situated in the southeastern part of central Beijing. The complex was visited by the Emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties for annual ceremonies of prayer to Heaven for good harvest. It has been regarded as a Taoist temple, although Chinese heaven worship, especially by the reigning monarch of the day, predates Taoism. The temple complex was constructed from 1406 to 1420 during the reign of the Yongle Emperor, who was also responsible for the construction of the Forbidden City in Beijing. The complex was

neg: The Cat Who Went to Heaven of the cat causes the painter to feel more affectionate, and he names the animal "Good Fortune". At breakfast, the painter notices that the cat appears to be paying homage to the image of the Buddha, and he reflects on his own lack of prayer because of the hard times he has lived through. Soon after, he notices the hungry cat catch, and then gently release, a small bird. The cat behaves very well, even removing itself from the room when it cannot be useful, and following proper social behaviour. Almost completely destitute, the painter is given a commission by

neg: School prayer School prayer School prayer, in the context of religious liberty, is state-sanctioned or mandatory prayer by students in public schools. Depending on the country and the type of school, state-sponsored prayer may be required, permitted, or prohibited. Countries which prohibit or limit school prayer often differ in their reasons for doing so: In the United States, school prayer cannot be required of students in accordance with the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. In Canada, school-sponsored prayer is disallowed under the concept of Freedom of conscience as outlined in the Canadian Charter on Rights &

neg: Stahlhelm the Austrian version. It was colored in golden-brown (known as Isonzo-braun). These were manufactured at the Krupp in Berndorf, Lower Austria. There was also a quite different, domestically developed Berndorfer variant. 139,968 were produced from May till November 1917 at the Krupp in Berndorf, Lower Austria Germany delivered 5,400 visorless versions of the M1918 helmet for the Ottoman Empire. The missing front visor was thought by the Germans to be for religious reasons, and it was claimed that it was to allow Turkish soldiers to touch their foreheads to the ground during prayer, without removing their helmets. However, this story