query: what is any part of a system with uniform composition and properties

pos: Phase (matter) Phase (matter) In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The

pos: Phase (matter) Phase (matter) In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The

pos: Phase (matter) defining phases out of equilibrium. MBL phases never reach thermal equilibrium, and can allow for new forms of order disallowed in equilibrium via a phenomenon known as localization protected quantum order. The transitions between different MBL phases and between MBL and thermalizing phases are novel dynamical phase transitions whose properties are active areas of research. Phase (matter) In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that

pos: Phase (matter) separate spontaneously. Emulsions and colloids are examples of immiscible phase pair combinations that do not physically separate. Left to equilibration, many compositions will form a uniform single phase, but depending on the temperature and pressure even a single substance may separate into two or more distinct phases. Within each phase, the properties are uniform but between the two phases properties differ. Water in a closed jar with an air space over it forms a two phase system. Most of the water is in the liquid phase, where it is held by the mutual attraction of water molecules. Even at equilibrium

pos: Transparent ceramics .50 AP M2 projectiles consisting of two or more layers of transparent ceramic material. Nanocomposites of yttria and magnesia have been produced with an average grain size of ~200 nm. These materials have exhibited near theoretical transmission in the 3 – 5 μm IR band. Additionally, such composites have yielded higher strengths than those observed for single phase solid-state components. Despite a lack of agreement regarding mechanism of failure, it is widely accepted that nanocomposite ceramic materials can and do offer improved mechanical properties over those of single phase materials or nanomaterials of uniform chemical composition. It should also be

pos: Albedo and far objects that cannot be resolved by telescopes, much of what we know comes from the study of their albedos. For example, the absolute albedo can indicate the surface ice content of outer Solar System objects, the variation of albedo with phase angle gives information about regolith properties, whereas unusually high radar albedo is indicative of high metal content in asteroids. Enceladus, a moon of Saturn, has one of the highest known albedos of any body in the Solar System, with 99% of EM radiation reflected. Another notable high-albedo body is Eris, with an albedo of 0.96. Many small

pos: Maxwell construction (rising) part of the curve in Fig. 1 would be correct, if these two parts were to be joined smoothly—meaning in particular that the system would remain also in this region spatially uniform with a well defined density. But this is not what happens. If the volume of a vessel containing a fixed amount of liquid is expanded at constant temperature, there comes a point where some of the liquid boils and the system consists of two well separated phases. While this two-phase coexistence holds as the volume continues to increase, the pressure remains constant. It decreases again, after all

pos: Ceramic in a state of toffee-like viscosity, by methods such as blowing into a mold. If later heat treatments cause this glass to become partly crystalline, the resulting material is known as a glass-ceramic, widely used as cook-top and also as a glass composite material for nuclear waste disposal. The physical properties of any ceramic substance are a direct result of its crystalline structure and chemical composition. Solid-state chemistry reveals the fundamental connection between microstructure and properties such as localized density variations, grain size distribution, type of porosity and second-phase content, which can all be correlated with ceramic properties such as

neg: Chondritic uniform reservoir the material from which the terrestrial planets, including the Earth, were formed. Chondritic uniform reservoir The CHondritic Uniform Reservoir or CHUR is a scientific model in astrophysics and geochemistry for the mean chemical composition of the part of the Solar Nebula from which, during the formation of the Solar System, chondrites formed. This hypothetical chemical reservoir is thought to have been similar in composition to the current photosphere of the Sun. When the Sun formed from its protostar, around 4.56 billion years ago, the solar wind blew all gas particles from the central part of the Solar Nebula. In this

neg: Chondritic uniform reservoir Chondritic uniform reservoir The CHondritic Uniform Reservoir or CHUR is a scientific model in astrophysics and geochemistry for the mean chemical composition of the part of the Solar Nebula from which, during the formation of the Solar System, chondrites formed. This hypothetical chemical reservoir is thought to have been similar in composition to the current photosphere of the Sun. When the Sun formed from its protostar, around 4.56 billion years ago, the solar wind blew all gas particles from the central part of the Solar Nebula. In this way most lighter volatiles (e.g. hydrogen, helium, oxygen, carbon dioxide), that had

neg: Segregation (materials science) a uniform solute distribution. In contrast, the equilibrium segregated state, by definition, is the lowest energy state in a system that exhibits equilibrium segregation, and the extent of the segregation effect decreases with increasing temperature. The details of non-equilibrium segregation are not going to be discussed here, but can be found in the review by Harries and Marwick. Segregation of a solute to surfaces and grain boundaries in a solid produces a section of material with a discrete composition and its own set of properties that can have important (and often deleterious) effects on the overall properties of the material.

neg: Integrated information theory theory of consciousness". Technologist Virgil Griffith says "IIT is currently the leading theory of consciousness." Challenges to IIT: Integrated information theory Integrated information theory (IIT) attempts to explain what consciousness is and why it might be associated with certain physical systems. Given any such system, the theory predicts whether that system is conscious, to what degree it is conscious, and what particular experience it is having (see Central identity). According to IIT, a system's consciousness is determined by its causal properties and is therefore an intrinsic, fundamental property of any physical system. IIT was proposed by neuroscientist Giulio Tononi in

neg: Integrated information theory Integrated information theory Integrated information theory (IIT) attempts to explain what consciousness is and why it might be associated with certain physical systems. Given any such system, the theory predicts whether that system is conscious, to what degree it is conscious, and what particular experience it is having (see Central identity). According to IIT, a system's consciousness is determined by its causal properties and is therefore an intrinsic, fundamental property of any physical system. IIT was proposed by neuroscientist Giulio Tononi in 2004, and has been continuously developed over the past decade. The latest version of the theory, labeled "IIT

neg: Fallacy of composition principle generalizes beyond the aggregation via majority rule to any reasonable aggregation rule, demonstrating that the aggregation of individual preferences into a social welfare function is fraught with severe difficulties (see Arrow's impossibility theorem and social choice theory). In chemistry and materials science, a single type of atom may form allotropes with different physical properties from each other, and from their individual constituent atoms, such as diamond and graphite each consisting of carbon atoms. What is true of a single carbon atom is not true of a collection of carbon atoms bonded into a material. Furthermore, the properties of an

neg: Center of mass rest with respect to the origin of the coordinate system. The concept of "center of mass" in the form of the center of gravity was first introduced by the great ancient Greek physicist, mathematician, and engineer Archimedes of Syracuse. He worked with simplified assumptions about gravity that amount to a uniform field, thus arriving at the mathematical properties of what we now call the center of mass. Archimedes showed that the torque exerted on a lever by weights resting at various points along the lever is the same as what it would be if all of the weights were moved

neg: Intrinsic and extrinsic properties Intrinsic and extrinsic properties An intrinsic property is a property of a system or of a material itself or within. It is independent of how much of the material is present and is independent of the form of the material, e.g., one large piece or a collection of small particles. Intrinsic properties are dependent mainly on the chemical composition or structure of the material. A property that is not essential or inherent is called an extrinsic property. For example, density is an intrinsic property of any physical object, whereas belonging to something is an extrinsic property that depends on another

neg: Mixture as its melting point, may differ from those of the components. Some mixtures can be separated into their components by using physical (mechanical or thermal) means. Azeotropes are one kind of mixture that usually pose considerable difficulties regarding the separation processes required to obtain their constituents (physical or chemical processes or, even a blend of them). Mixtures can be either homogeneous or heterogeneous. A homogeneous mixture is a type of mixture in which the composition is uniform and every part of the solution has the same properties. Examples of homogeneous mixtures include alloys and alcohol in water. A heterogeneous mixture

neg: Web resource Web resource A web resource, or simply resource, is any identifiable thing, whether digital, physical, or abstract. Resources are identified using Uniform Resource Identifiers. In the Semantic Web, web resources and their semantic properties are described using the Resource Description Framework. The concept of a web resource has evolved during the web history, from the early notion of static addressable documents or files, to a more generic and abstract definition, now encompassing every 'thing' or entity that can be identified, named, addressed or handled, in any way whatsoever, in the web at large, or in any networked information system. The

neg: Fort Lauderdale Fire-Rescue Department aid agreement was paramount in establishing future relationships between fire departments, such as the one that established the Broward County Uniform Station Numbering system. In 1988, the fire department began using the Incident Command System as part of its operation at emergency scenes. Also part of this change was the use of RIT teams, which would be dispatched along with a second battalion chief to any working fire in the city. Chief Jim Sparr is credited with creating the department's first responder system in 1989. Under this system, a Fort Lauderdale Fire-Rescue unit would respond to any medical emergency in

neg: Harvard College v Canada (Commissioner of Patents) Moreover, he stated that the distinction can also be upheld because, unlike higher life forms, a lower life form can more easily be conceptualized as a "composition of matter" or "manufacture" and microbes can be mass-produced like chemical compounds and will possess uniform properties and characteristics. A dissent written by Binnie J., with McLachlin C.J., Arbour, and Major JJ. concurring, agreed with the reasoning of the Federal Court of Appeal and were of the opinion that the engineered oncomouse is an "extraordinary scientific achievement" and an inventive "composition of matter" within the meaning of s.2 of the Patent Act. Additionally,

neg: School uniforms by country and black. Shoes, socks, and other accessories are sometimes included as part of the uniform. The socks are typically navy or white. The shoes are typically brown or black penny loafers. Although not part of the prescribed uniform, alternate forms of legwear (such as loose socks, knee-length stockings, or similar) are commonly matched by more fashionable girls with their sailor outfits. Regardless of what type of uniform any particular school assigns its students, all schools have a summer version (usually consisting of a white dress shirt and dark slacks for boys and a reduced-weight traditional uniform or blouse and tartan

neg: Geysers on Mars does not seem to correlate with any other properties of the surface such as elevation, geological structure, slope, chemical composition or thermal properties. The geyser-like system produce low-albedo spots, fans and blotches, with small radial spider-like channel networks most often associated with their location. At first, the spots seem to be grey, but later their centres darken because they gradually get covered with dark ejecta, thought to be mainly basaltic sand. It should be noted that not all dark spots observed in early spring are associated with spider landforms, however, a preponderance of dark spots and streaks on the cryptic

neg: Fundamental thermodynamic relation done by the system on its surroundings, we have: This equation has been derived in the case of reversible changes. However, since "U", "S", and "V" are thermodynamic state functions, the above relation holds also for non-reversible changes in a system of uniform pressure and temperature at constant composition. If the composition, i.e. the amounts formula_14 of the chemical components, in a system of uniform temperature and pressure can also change, e.g. due to a chemical reaction, the fundamental thermodynamic relation generalizes to: The formula_16 are the chemical potentials corresponding to particles of type formula_17. The last term must be

neg: Languages of Art a piece of music can be written down as a score, so any performance which corresponds suitably to the score is counted as authentic; there is no such notation to define what is and what isn't an authentic instance of a painting, so a painting can be forged. In this, the key section of the book, Goodman expands on his idea of a notational system introduced in the previous chapter. For Goodman, a symbol system is a formal language with a grammar consisting of syntactic rules and semantics rules. A symbol system is called notational if it meets certain properties,

neg: Sentinel granodiorite Yosemite Valley, it is more homogeneous and light-colored, and on the east, it is more streaky, with an uneven composition. On the east, it is also much darker than on the west. The chemical composition of Sentinel Granodiorite is less uniform than most the other intrusive bodies. In the western part of the zone crossed by the Yosemite Valley Sentinel Granodiorite is homogeneous and lighter colored, though the eastern part it is more streaky with an uneven in composition; the texture and on the whole is considerably darker than the western part. Sentinel Granodiorite is a light-gray and medium-grained biotite-hornblende

neg: Local Government (Rating) Act 2002 of floor space within any buildings on the land or the value of improvements to the rating unit. Because they are felt to be regressive in nature, there is a 30% cap on how much of the total rates revenue can be collected from Uniform Annual General Charges and from targeted rates that are set on a uniform basis, except for uniformly targeted rates that apply for water supply or sewage disposal. The Act requires properties to be valued at least once every three years. The Rating Valuations Act (1998) covers much of this process, and Part 2 of this

neg: Visual indexing theory time. "An individual remains the same individual when it moves about or when it changes any (or even all) of its visible properties." If we refer to objects solely in terms of their conceptual descriptions, it is not clear how the visual system maintains an object's identity when those descriptions change. "The visual system needs to be able to pick out a particular individual regardless of what properties the individual happens to have at any instant of time." Pylyshyn argues that FINSTs' detachment from the descriptions of the objects they reference overcomes this problem. Three main types of experiments provide

neg: Integrational theory of language expression of the syntactic unit; (ii) a propositional part: a pair consisting of a directive part (determining a speech act type) and a proposition; and (iii) a propositional background, consisting of what the speaker co-expresses with the proposition. The referential part and the propositional background of a sentence meaning may be empty. Syntactic meaning composition is based on semantic composition functions associated with (i) the syntactic functions in an idiolect system, by the 'syntactic function interpretation,' (ii) with syntactic categories like tense or definiteness categories, by the 'syntactic category interpretation' (both are components of the sentence-semantic part of the idiolect

neg: Hilbert's arithmetic of ends end of the reflected line. The composition of any three hyperbolic reflections whose axes of symmetry all share a common end is itself another reflection, across another line with the same end. Based on this "three reflections theorem", given any two ends "x" and "y" in "H", Hilbert defines the sum "x" + "y" to be the non-infinite end of the symmetry axis of the composition of the three reflections through the lines ("x",∞), (0,∞), and ("y",∞). It follows from the properties of reflections that these operations have the properties required of the negation and addition operations in the algebra

neg: Solid advanced models of metal properties consider the effect of the positive ions cores on the delocalised electrons. As most metals have crystalline structure, those ions are usually arranged into a periodic lattice. Mathematically, the potential of the ion cores can be treated by various models, the simplest being the nearly free electron model. Minerals are naturally occurring solids formed through various geological processes under high pressures. To be classified as a true mineral, a substance must have a crystal structure with uniform physical properties throughout. Minerals range in composition from pure elements and simple salts to very complex silicates with

neg: Geochemistry and aside from small anomalies it can be assumed to have formed from a solar nebula that had a uniform composition, and the composition of the Sun's photosphere is similar to that of the rest of the Solar System. The composition of the photosphere is determined by fitting the absorption lines in its spectrum to models of the Sun's atmosphere. By far the largest two elements by fraction of total mass are hydrogen (74.9%) and helium (23.8%), with all the remaining elements contributing just 1.3%. There is a general trend of exponential decrease in abundance with increasing atomic number, although

neg: Uniform space seminorms, it is metrizable. Similar to continuous functions between topological spaces, which preserve topological properties, are the uniform continuous functions between uniform spaces, which preserve uniform properties. Uniform spaces with uniform maps form a category. An isomorphism between uniform spaces is called a uniform isomorphism. A uniformly continuous function is defined as one where inverse images of entourages are again entourages, or equivalently, one where the inverse images of uniform covers are again uniform covers. All uniformly continuous functions are continuous with respect to the induced topologies. Generalising the notion of complete metric space, one can also define completeness for

neg: Ancient iron production of the charge, the firing temperature, the gas atmosphere and the reaction kinetics can be determined. Ancient slag composition is usually a quaternary eutectic system CaO-SiO-FeO-AlO simplified to CaO-SiO-FeO, giving a low and uniform melting point. In some circumstances, the eutectic system was created according to the proportion of silicates to metal oxides in the gangue, together with the type of ore and the furnace lining. In other instances, a flux was required to achieve the correct system. The melting temperature of slag can be determined by plotting its chemical composition in a ternary plot. The viscosity of slag can

neg: Centrifugation be handled manually in test tubes or bottles), ultracentrifuges can separate molecules in batch or continuous flow systems. In addition to purification, analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) can be used for determination of the properties of macromolecules such as shape, mass, composition, and conformation. Samples are centrifuged with a high-density solution such as sucrose, caesium chloride, or iodixanol. The high-density solution may be at a uniform concentration throughout the test tube ("cushion") or a varying concentration ("gradient"). Molecular properties can be modeled through sedimentation velocity analysis or sedimentation equilibrium analysis. During the run, the particle or molecules will migrate through the test

neg: Vocal cords those fibers. The viscoelastic properties of human vocal fold lamina propria are essential for their vibration, and depend on the composition and structure of their extracellular matrix (ECM). Adult VF have a layered structure which is based on the layers differential in ECM distribution. Newborns on the other hand, do not have this layered structure. Their VF are uniform, and immature, making their viscoelastic properties most likely unsuitable for phonation. HA plays a very important role in the vocal fold biomechanics. In fact, HA has been described as the ECM molecule that not only contributes to the maintenance of an

neg: Calculus of communicating systems Calculus of communicating systems The calculus of communicating systems (CCS) is a process calculus introduced by Robin Milner around 1980 and the title of a book describing the calculus. Its actions model indivisible communications between exactly two participants. The formal language includes primitives for describing parallel composition, choice between actions and scope restriction. CCS is useful for evaluating the qualitative correctness of properties of a system such as deadlock or livelock. According to Milner, "There is nothing canonical about the choice of the basic combinators, even though they were chosen with great attention to economy. What characterises our calculus is

neg: Chemical substance them, it is sometimes difficult to draw the line between a mixture and a compound, as in the case of palladium hydride. Broader definitions of chemicals or chemical substances can be found, for example: "the term 'chemical substance' means any organic or inorganic substance of a particular molecular identity, including – (i) any combination of such substances occurring in whole or in part as a result of a chemical reaction or occurring in nature". In geology, substances of uniform composition are called minerals, while physical mixtures (aggregates) of several minerals (different substances) are defined as rocks. Many minerals, however, mutually

neg: Deflection (engineering) the deflection function formula_21 is known for all formula_3. Where: If the beam is uniform and the deflection at any point is known, this can be calculated without knowing other properties of the beam. The formulas supplied above require the use of a consistent set of units. Most calculations will be made in the International System of Units (SI) or US customary units, although there are many other systems of units. Length: meters (formula_68) Other units may be used as well, as long as they are self-consistent. For example, sometimes the kilogram force (formula_75) unit is used to measure loads.

neg: Electromagnetic radiation for the part of the field that is regarded as electromagnetic radiation. By contrast, the term associated with the changing static electric field of the particle and the magnetic term that results from the particle's uniform velocity, are both associated with the electromagnetic near-field, and do not comprise EM radiation. Electrodynamics is the physics of electromagnetic radiation, and electromagnetism is the physical phenomenon associated with the theory of electrodynamics. Electric and magnetic fields obey the properties of superposition. Thus, a field due to any particular particle or time-varying electric or magnetic field contributes to the fields present in the same

neg: Cosmic dust to the sciences of stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis. Laboratories have studied solids that existed before the Earth was formed. This was once thought impossible, especially in the 1970s when cosmochemists were confident that the Solar System began as a hot gas virtually devoid of any remaining solids, which would have been vaporized by high temperature. The existence of stardust proved this historic picture incorrect. Cosmic dust is made of dust grains and aggregates of dust grains. These particles are irregularly shaped, with porosity ranging from "fluffy" to "compact". The composition, size, and other properties depend on where the dust is

neg: Symbol grounding problem suggested two properties that might be required to make this difference: One property that static paper or, usually, even a dynamic computer lack that the brain possesses is the capacity to pick out symbols' referents. This is what we were discussing earlier, and it is what the hitherto undefined term "grounding" refers to. A symbol system alone, whether static or dynamic, cannot have this capacity (any more than a book can), because picking out referents is not just a computational (implementation-independent) property; it is a dynamical (implementation-dependent) property. To be grounded, the symbol system would have to be augmented with

neg: Ekpyrotic universe would be an accident of the particular part of the multiverse in which we live.” The idea that the properties of our universe are an accident and come from a theory that allows a multiverse of other possibilities is hard to reconcile with the fact that the universe is extraordinarily simple (uniform and flat) on large scales and that elementary particles appear to be described by simple symmetries and interactions. Also, the accidental concept cannot be falsified by an experiment since any future experiments can be viewed as yet other accidental aspects. In ekpyrotic and cyclic models, smoothing and flattening

neg: Gum base Gum base Gum base is the non-nutritive, non-digestible, water-insoluble masticatory delivery system used to carry sweeteners, flavors, and any other substances in chewing gum and bubble gum. It provides all the basic textural and masticatory properties of gum. The actual composition of gum base is usually a trade secret. The FDA allows 46 different chemicals under the umbrella of "gum base." The chemicals are posted on their website. These chemicals are grouped into the following categories. Gum bases for chewing gum are different from those for bubble gum. A bubble gum base is formulated with the ability to blow bubbles;

neg: Gum base Gum base Gum base is the non-nutritive, non-digestible, water-insoluble masticatory delivery system used to carry sweeteners, flavors, and any other substances in chewing gum and bubble gum. It provides all the basic textural and masticatory properties of gum. The actual composition of gum base is usually a trade secret. The FDA allows 46 different chemicals under the umbrella of "gum base." The chemicals are posted on their website. These chemicals are grouped into the following categories. Gum bases for chewing gum are different from those for bubble gum. A bubble gum base is formulated with the ability to blow bubbles;

neg: Return to Nevèrÿon (series) . . . Granted the proper passage, what must be the internal structure of system-B for us (or it) to say it contains any model of system-A?”. In the interview Delany goes on to answer his own question: “The question encompasses the semiotic situation, since the answer to the second part of the question ("What must pass from system-A to System-B...") is some form of the answer ‘signs’; and the answer to the third part ("...what must be the internal structure of system-B for us (or it) to say it contains any model of system-A?”) is: "Clearly it must be

neg: Coherence theory of truth that truth is a property primarily applicable to any extensive body of consistent propositions, and derivatively applicable to any one proposition in such a system by virtue of its part in the system". Ideas like this are a part of the philosophical perspective known as "confirmation holism". Coherence theories of truth claim that coherence and consistency are important features of a theoretical system, and that these properties are "sufficient" to its truth. To state it in the reverse, that "truth" exists only within a system, and doesn't exist outside of a system. According to another version by H. H. Joachim

neg: Hilbert system P1 might represent the particular axiom instance formula_25, or it might represent formula_26: the formula_4 is a place where any formula can be placed. A variable such as this that ranges over formulae is called a 'schematic variable'. With a second rule of uniform substitution (US), we can change each of these axiom schemes into a single axiom, replacing each schematic variable by some propositional variable that isn't mentioned in any axiom to get what we call the substitutional axiomatisation. Both formalisations have variables, but where the one-rule axiomatisation has schematic variables that are outside the logic's language, the substitutional

neg: Friction property," it is better categorized as a "system property." Unlike true material properties (such as conductivity, dielectric constant, yield strength), the COF for any two materials depends on system variables like temperature, velocity, atmosphere and also what are now popularly described as aging and deaging times; as well as on geometric properties of the interface between the materials, namely surface structure. For example, a copper pin sliding against a thick copper plate can have a COF that varies from 0.6 at low speeds (metal sliding against metal) to below 0.2 at high speeds when the copper surface begins to melt

neg: Watercolor illusion are used for the purple contour and orange fringe instead of continuous lines. The coloration effect is one of the phenomenal effects of watercolor illusions. Pinna and Reeves, (2006) identified thirteen properties of the coloration effect through experiments of the water color illusion. All of the main properties can be seen with any pair of complementary (opposite in color space) contour lines. However, from the experiment described above, purple and orange have been found to produce the strongest effects. The thirteen properties are: the stimulus (1) is uniform, (2) solid and (3) can be perceived on a white, black or,

neg: Certified Public Accountant of contracts and agency (questions not tailored to the variances of any particular state) and some federal laws as well. Although the CPA exam is uniform, licensing and certification requirements are imposed separately by each state's laws and therefore vary from state to state. State requirements for the CPA qualification can be summed up as the "Three Es"—Education, Examination and Experience. The education requirement normally must be fulfilled as part of the eligibility criteria to sit for the Uniform CPA Exam. The examination component is the Uniform CPA Exam itself. Some states have a two-tier system whereby an individual would

neg: Kolmogorov space displays these features. From the point of view of topology, the seminormed vector space that we started with has a lot of extra structure; for example, it is a vector space, and it has a seminorm, and these define a pseudometric and a uniform structure that are compatible with the topology. Also, there are several properties of these structures; for example, the seminorm satisfies the parallelogram identity and the uniform structure is complete. The space is not T since any two functions in L(R) which are equal almost everywhere are indistinguishable with this topology. When we form the Kolmogorov quotient,

neg: Nuclear fuel temperatures to produce ceramic nuclear fuel pellets with a high density and well defined physical properties and chemical composition. A grinding process is used to achieve a uniform cylindrical geometry with narrow tolerances. Such fuel pellets are then stacked and filled into the metallic tubes. The metal used for the tubes depends on the design of the reactor. Stainless steel was used in the past, but most reactors now use a zirconium alloy which, in addition to being highly corrosion-resistant, has low neutron absorption. The tubes containing the fuel pellets are sealed: these tubes are called fuel rods. The finished

neg: Standard Uptake Fraction term in a uniform water potential soil. Standard Uptake Fraction The Standard Uptake Fraction (SUF) is the relative distribution of water uptake of a plant in a soil with a uniform water potential. The SUF gives the ratio coefficient to obtain the equivalent soil water potential sensed by the plant. It is one of the macroscopic parameter for the hydraulic properties of the root system. formula_1 formula_2 = the radial flow entering each root segment (formula_3), and formula_4 = the actual transpiration (formula_3). In order to get this parameter, the easiest way is to deal with Functionnal-Stuctural Plant Models. They

neg: Fallacy of composition atom differ from the properties of the individual subatomic particles that constitute it. In social network theory, a group of humans arranged into a social network can have abilities not possessed by the individual humans making up the network. A simple example is the bucket brigade, in which humans arranged into a chain can move buckets of water or other similar items across a distance faster and with less effort than can a disorganized group of individuals carrying the loads across the same distance. What is true of the part (an individual needing to move his or her body across

neg: Speleogen lava tube which are part of the surrounding bedrock, including anastomoses, scallops, meander niches, petromorphs and rock pendants in solution caves and similar features unique to volcanic caves." "Speleogens are irregular or distinctive shapes of carbonate rock etched from bedrock by dripping or running water. Speleogens can form where bedrock is not uniform in chemical composition. Consequently, the less soluble rock dissolves slower than adjacent more soluble rock through time. The less soluble rock tends to stand in relief and projects from walls and ceilings of caves." Speleogen A speleogen is a geological feature within a karst system that is

neg: C file input/output devices such as keyboards, printers, terminals or with any other type of files supported by the system. Streams are an abstraction to interact with these in an uniform way. All streams have similar properties independent of the individual characteristics of the physical media they are associated with. Most of the C file input/output functions are defined in (or in the C++ header , which contains the standard C functionality but in the namespace). Constants defined in the header include: Variables defined in the header include: Data types defined in the header include: The POSIX standard defines several extensions to in

neg: Complexity system, interact with other systems. The coordinated system manifests properties not carried or dictated by individual parts. The organized aspect of this form of complexity vis-a-vis to other systems than the subject system can be said to "emerge," without any "guiding hand". The number of parts does not have to be very large for a particular system to have emergent properties. A system of organized complexity may be understood in its properties (behavior among the properties) through modeling and simulation, particularly modeling and simulation with computers. An example of organized complexity is a city neighborhood as a living mechanism, with

neg: Representational state transfer transferring executable code: for example, compiled components such as Java applets, or client-side scripts such as JavaScript. The uniform interface constraint is fundamental to the design of any RESTful system. It simplifies and decouples the architecture, which enables each part to evolve independently. The four constraints for this uniform interface are: Web service APIs that adhere to the REST architectural constraints are called RESTful APIs. HTTP-based RESTful APIs are defined with the following aspects: The following table shows how HTTP methods are typically used in a RESTful API: The GET method is a safe method (or "nullipotent"), meaning that calling

neg: Japanese school uniform style of uniform is still in use, many schools have moved to more Western-pattern catholic school uniform styles. These uniforms consist of a white shirt, tie, blazer with school crest, and tailored trousers (often not of the same color as the blazer) for boys and a white blouse, tie, blazer with school crest, and tartan culottes or skirt for girls. Regardless of what type of uniform any particular school assigns its students, all schools have a summer version of the uniform (usually consisting of just a white dress shirt and the uniform slacks for boys and a reduced-weight traditional uniform

neg: CAMPUS (database) such as fire, water and humidity. All properties and samples are standardized in ISO 10350 as follows: Beyond these single-point properties, CAMPUS offers the temperature-dependent stress-strain diagram for TPE grades. The multipoint data included in CAMPUS are based on the International Standards for comparable multipoint data ISO 11403, Part 1 and Part 2. CAMPUS (database) CAMPUS (acronym for "Computer Aided Material Preselection by Uniform Standards") is a multilingual database for the properties of plastics. It is considered worldwide as a leader in regard to the level of standardization and therefore, ease of comparison, of plastics properties. It also supports diagrams

neg: Integrational theory of language meanings to lexical words of any kind. A conception is a mental state, and a perception a mental event, located in the brain of an individual. By identifying concepts not with such mental entities but with (extra-mental) properties of mental entities, Integrational Lexical Semantics can account for the potential intersubjectivity of concepts, a problem that any psychological meaning conception must face: while perceptions and conceptions are tied to an individual, a concept may well be a property shared by perceptions or conceptions located in different individuals. Lexical meaning composition is based on morphosemantic composition functions whose arguments are ("n"-tuples of)

neg: Input/output automaton events, and at all points after the first step, receive actions are enabled. Therefore, it is not a fair execution. The definition of fairness has a significant property: "the fair executions of a composition are the composition of the fair executions of the components:" that is, Fair(∏ A)= ∏ Fair(A). I/O automata provide an accurate description of asynchronous systems. They are also used to formalize and prove "precise claims" about "what systems can do." In this section, a number of important types of properties are described. These, as well as further properties and proof methods, are explained in "Distributed Algorithms".

neg: Corner detection structure tensor (second-moment matrix). A theoretical analysis of the scale selection properties of these four Hessian feature strength measures and other differential entities for detecting scale-space interest points, including the Laplacian of the Gaussian and the determinant of the Hessian, is given in Lindeberg (2013) and an analysis of their affine transformation properties as well as experimental properties in Lindeberg (2015). The interest points obtained from the multi-scale Harris operator with automatic scale selection are invariant to translations, rotations and uniform rescalings in the spatial domain. The images that constitute the input to a computer vision system are, however, also

neg: Gaseous detection device number of collisions with the gas also results in a second order deflection from their trajectory they would have in vacuum. Therefore, their distribution is practically the same as has been worked out by SEM workers, the variation of which depends on the specimen surface properties (geometry and material composition). For a polished specimen surface the BSE distribution assumes a nearly cosine function but for a rough surface we may take it to be spherical (i.e. uniform in all directions). For brevity, the equations of the second case only are given below. In vacuum, the current distribution from BSE on

neg: Cell mechanics Plant cells, similar to animal cells, respond to externally applied forces, such as by reorganization of their cytoskeletal network. The presence of a considerably rigid extracellular matrix, the cell wall, however, bestows the plant cells with a set of particular properties. Mainly, the growth of plant cells is controlled by the mechanics and chemical composition of the cell wall. Therefore, a major part of research in plant cell mechanics is put toward the measurement and modeling of the cell wall mechanics to understand how modification of its composition and mechanical properties affects the cell function, growth and morphogenesis. Because animal

neg: Homogeneity (physics) Homogeneity (physics) In physics, a homogeneous material or system has the same properties at every point; it is uniform without irregularities. A uniform electric field (which has the same strength and the same direction at each point) would be compatible with homogeneity (all points experience the same physics). A material constructed with different constituents can be described as effectively homogeneous in the electromagnetic materials domain, when interacting with a directed radiation field (light, microwave frequencies, etc.). Mathematically, homogeneity has the connotation of invariance, as all components of the equation have the same degree of value whether or not each of

neg: Carbon quantum dots the size of CQDs during the preparing process is also widely used. For instance, Zhu et al. reported hydrophilic CQDs through impregnation of citric acid precursor. After pyrolyzing CQDs at 300 oC for 2 hours in air, then removing silica, followed by dialysis, they prepared CQDs with a uniform size of 1.5-2.5 nm which showed low toxicity, excellent luminescence, good photostability, and up-conversion properties. Being a new type of fluorescent nanoparticles, applications of CQD lie in the field of bioimaging and biosensing due to their biological and environmental friendly composition and excellent biocompatibility. In order to survive the competition with

neg: Acoustic metamaterial Since the acoustic metamaterials are one of the branches of the metamaterials, the basic principle of the acoustic metamaterials is similar to the principle of metamaterials. These metamaterials usually gain their properties from structure rather than composition, using the inclusion of small inhomogeneities to enact effective macroscopic behavior. Similar to metamaterials research, investigating materials with Negative index metamaterials, the negative index acoustic metamaterials became the primary research. Negative refractive index of acoustic materials can be achieved by changing the bulk modulus and mass density. Below, the bulk modulus "β" of a substance reflects the substance's resistance to uniform compression. It

neg: Walsh function formula_37. Assume that every eigenspace is one-dimensional and pick an element formula_38 such that formula_39. Then the system formula_40, or the same system in the Walsh-Paley numeration of the characters formula_41 is called generalized Walsh system associated with action formula_42. Classical Walsh system becomes a special case, namely, for where formula_44 is addition modulo 2. In the early 1990s, Serge Ferleger and Fyodor Sukochev showed that in a broad class of Banach spaces (so called "UMD" spaces ) generalized Walsh systems have many properties similar to the classical one: they form a Schauder basis and a uniform finite dimensional decomposition

neg: Uniform space property "closeness" with respect to a uniform structure is symmetric in "x" and "y". A fundamental system of entourages of a uniformity Φ is any set B of entourages of Φ such that every entourage of Ф contains a set belonging to B. Thus, by property 2 above, a fundamental systems of entourages B is enough to specify the uniformity Φ unambiguously: Φ is the set of subsets of "X" × "X" that contain a set of B. Every uniform space has a fundamental system of entourages consisting of symmetric entourages. Intuition about uniformities is provided by the example of

neg: Kokum oil to separate the seeds, which are picked up by hand. Then the separated seeds are dried to reduce their moisture content. Kokum oil or kokum butter is light gray or yellowish in color. After refining, the kokum fat is equivalent to vanaspati ghee. Table-physical-chemical properties of oil Kokum oil contains up to 60-65 percent saturated fatty acid, making it solid at room temperature, so this oil is known as kokum butter or kokum fat. Its triglyceride composition is uniform and consists of up to 80% of stearic-oleic-stearic (SOS) triglycerides. The butter melts readily on contact with the skin. Fatty acid

neg: Burkle addressing system be implemented enhanced 911 services in Stark County. A key problem for the system was that since most of the county was rural farmland a significant number of farms in the county either lacked a proper address, or the address they had was not in any uniform system. After a meeting on the proposed E911 implementation, Burkle went home and devised what would become the Burkle addressing system to address the challenges faced by the county. Because other counties implementing the E911 system in North Dakota faced the same problem and to add a measure of consistency across the state,

neg: Hydrogen isotope biogeochemistry reconstructions. Since water is the primary hydrogen source for photoautotrophs, the hydrogen isotope composition of their biomass can be related to the composition of their growth water and thereby used to gain insight into some properties of ancient environments. Studying hydrogen isotopes can be very valuable, as hydrogen is more directly related to climate than other relevant stable isotope systems. However, hydrogen atoms bonded to oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur atoms are exchangeable with environmental hydrogen, which makes this system less straightforward [ref to earlier H exchange section]. To study the hydrogen isotope composition of biomolecules, it is preferable to use

neg: Nonlinear system the weather are seen to be chaotic, where simple changes in one part of the system produce complex effects throughout. This nonlinearity is one of the reasons why accurate long-term forecasts are impossible with current technology. Some authors use the term nonlinear science for the study of nonlinear systems. This is disputed by others: In mathematics, a linear map (or "linear function") formula_1 is one which satisfies both of the following properties: Additivity implies homogeneity for any rational "α", and, for continuous functions, for any real "α". For a complex "α", homogeneity does not follow from additivity. For example, an

neg: Function composition or " on ". Intuitively, composing two functions is a chaining process in which the output of the inner function becomes the input of the outer function. The composition of functions is a special case of the composition of relations, so all properties of the latter are true of composition of functions. The composition of functions has some additional properties. The composition of functions is always associative—a property inherited from the composition of relations. That is, if , , and are three functions with suitably chosen domains and codomains, then , where the parentheses serve to indicate that composition is

neg: Prediction of crystal properties by numerical simulation a crystal system is generally unsolvable. However, the variational theorem assures us that any guess as to the electronic state function of a system will overestimate the ground state energy. Thus, by beginning with a suitably parametrized guess and minimizing the energy with respect to each of those parameters, an extremely accurate prediction may be made. The question as to what one's initial guess should be is a topic of active research. In the large majority of crystal systems, electronic relaxation times are orders of magnitude shorter than ionic relaxation times. Thus, an iterative scheme is adopted. First, the ions

neg: Uniform space Uniform space In the mathematical field of topology, a uniform space is a set with a uniform structure. Uniform spaces are topological spaces with additional structure that is used to define uniform properties such as completeness, uniform continuity and uniform convergence. The conceptual difference between uniform and topological structures is that, in a uniform space, one can formalize certain notions of relative closeness and closeness of points. In other words, ideas like ""x" is closer to "a" than "y" is to "b"" make sense in uniform spaces. By comparison, in a general topological space, given sets "A,B" it is meaningful

neg: Advanced Composition Explorer of “source material” from which nuclei are accelerated. These observations have been used to: Isotopic “anomalies” in meteorites indicate that the solar system was not homogeneous when formed. Similarly, the Galaxy is neither uniform in space nor constant in time due to continuous stellar nucleosynthesis. ACE measurements have been used to: Solar energetic particle, solar wind, and spectroscopic observations show that the elemental composition of the corona is differentiated from that of the photosphere, although the processes by which this occurs, and by which the solar wind is subsequently accelerated, are poorly understood. The detailed composition and charge–state data provided

neg: Ontic Ontic In philosophical ontology, ontic (from the Greek , genitive : "of that which is") is physical, real, or factual existence.<br> "Ontic" describes what is there, as opposed to the nature or properties of that being. To illustrate: Harald Atmanspacher writes extensively about the philosophy of science, especially as it relates to Chaos theory, determinism, causation, and stochasticity. He explains that ""ontic" states describe all properties of a physical system exhaustively. ('Exhaustive' in this context means that an "ontic" state is 'precisely the way it is,' without any reference to epistemic knowledge or ignorance.)" In an earlier paper, Atmanspacher portrays

neg: Homogeneity and heterogeneity where the same disease or condition can be caused, or contributed to, by several factors, or in genetic terms, by varying or different genes or alleles. In cancer research, cancer cell heterogeneity is thought to be one of the underlying reasons that make treatment of cancer difficult. In physics, "heterogeneous" is understood to mean "having physical properties that vary within the medium". Homogeneity and heterogeneity Homogeneity and heterogeneity are concepts often used in the sciences and statistics relating to the uniformity in a substance or organism. A material or image that is homogeneous is uniform in composition or character (i.e.

neg: Chondritic uniform reservoir not yet condensed in the inner, warmer regions of the nebula, were lost. This fractionation process is the reason why the terrestrial planets and asteroid belt are relatively enriched in heavy elements in respect to the Sun or the gas planets. A certain type of meteorites, CI-chondrites, have a chemical composition that is almost identical to the solar photosphere, except for the abundances of volatiles. Because the Sun contains 99.86% of the mass of the Solar System, they are considered to have the same composition as the solar nebula with the exception of volatile loss and are therefore representative of

neg: Self-assembling peptide backbone determining the properties of the inner surface of the tube. Polymers can also be covalently attached to the peptides in which case a polymer shell around nanotubes can be formed. By applying peptide design, the inner diameter, which is completely uniform, can be specified; the outer surface properties can also be deliberated by peptide design and therefore these cyclic nanotubes are able to form in range of different environments. – Discussion of properties (mechanical, electronic, optical, magnetic...) of the material your chosen, indicate what the major differences would be if he same material was not on the nano-scale. Nanotubes

neg: Number the same way that real numbers may have infinitely long expansions to the right. The number system that results depends on what base is used for the digits: any base is possible, but a prime number base provides the best mathematical properties. The set of the "p"-adic numbers contains the rational numbers, but is not contained in the complex numbers. The elements of an algebraic function field over a finite field and algebraic numbers have many similar properties (see Function field analogy). Therefore, they are often regarded as numbers by number theorists. The "p"-adic numbers play an important role in

neg: Forest glass In pre-Medieval times it is believed that the batch of raw materials was heated to a temperature where it partially melted, the unmelted parts removed and washed of non-reactive components, and added to the next batch. Because of the strong way that the Si/Na/Ca compositions affect the melting temperature, the resulting glass was of a fairly uniform composition regardless of the recipe of raw materials used. The melting temperatures of the Si/K/Ca glasses are not so strongly affected by composition, resulting in glasses of more varied composition, so the self-limiting features of the Na system that allowed the traditional partial-batch

neg: Viola–Jones object detection framework some similar properties. These regularities may be matched using Haar Features. A few properties common to human faces: Composition of properties forming matchable facial features: The four features matched by this algorithm are then sought in the image of a face (shown at right). Rectangle features: An image representation called the integral image evaluates rectangular features in "constant" time, which gives them a considerable speed advantage over more sophisticated alternative features. Because each feature's rectangular area is always adjacent to at least one other rectangle, it follows that any two-rectangle feature can be computed in six array references, any three-rectangle

neg: Graph theory arising from differential calculus to study a particular class of graphs, the "trees". This study had many implications for theoretical chemistry. The techniques he used mainly concern the enumeration of graphs with particular properties. Enumerative graph theory then arose from the results of Cayley and the fundamental results published by Pólya between 1935 and 1937. These were generalized by De Bruijn in 1959. Cayley linked his results on trees with contemporary studies of chemical composition. The fusion of ideas from mathematics with those from chemistry began what has become part of the standard terminology of graph theory. In particular, the

neg: Uniform space "i"("X"). Before André Weil gave the first explicit definition of a uniform structure in 1937, uniform concepts, like completeness, were discussed using metric spaces. Nicolas Bourbaki provided the definition of uniform structure in terms of entourages in the book "Topologie Générale" and John Tukey gave the uniform cover definition. Weil also characterized uniform spaces in terms of a family of pseudometrics. Uniform space In the mathematical field of topology, a uniform space is a set with a uniform structure. Uniform spaces are topological spaces with additional structure that is used to define uniform properties such as completeness, uniform continuity and

neg: Chemical substance regard. A chemical substance may well be defined as "any material with a definite chemical composition" in an introductory general chemistry textbook. According to this definition a chemical substance can either be a pure chemical element or a pure chemical compound. But, there are exceptions to this definition; a pure substance can also be defined as a form of matter that has both definite composition and distinct properties. The chemical substance index published by CAS also includes several alloys of uncertain composition. Non-stoichiometric compounds are a special case (in inorganic chemistry) that violates the law of constant composition, and for

neg: Stability theory "Lyapunov stable" if the forward orbit of any point is in a small enough neighborhood or it stays in a small (but perhaps, larger) neighborhood. Various criteria have been developed to prove stability or instability of an orbit. Under favorable circumstances, the question may be reduced to a well-studied problem involving eigenvalues of matrices. A more general method involves Lyapunov functions. In practice, any one of a number of different stability criteria are applied. Many parts of the qualitative theory of differential equations and dynamical systems deal with asymptotic properties of solutions and the trajectories—what happens with the system after

neg: Emergence physics which enables scientists to study systems that are not tractable as the combination of their parts. The properties of complexity and organization of any system are considered by Crutchfield to be subjective qualities determined by the observer. Defining structure and detecting the emergence of complexity in nature are inherently subjective, though essential, scientific activities. Despite the difficulties, these problems can be analysed in terms of how model-building observers infer from measurements the computational capabilities embedded in non-linear processes. An observer’s notion of what is ordered, what is random, and what is complex in its environment depends directly on its

neg: Ranks and insignia of the German Army (1935–1945) the Panzer uniform (black), tropical uniform (olive cotton) and HBT summer uniform (reed-green twill). "Schulterklappen" were not worn with the fatigue uniform, nor with camouflage smocks and parkas which used an alternate system of rank insignia. For junior enlisted men ("Mannschaften"), rank insignia if any was worn on the left sleeve. However the epaulettes did indicate the wearer's unit (usually regiment or independent battalion) together with his sub-branch if any, machine-embroidered in branch-color. For example, a "Schulterklappe" with rose-pink piping and number "4" would indicate the 4th Panzer Regiment; but if it carried a pink number "4" and letter "A"

neg: Kuiper belt Their dynamic orbits occasionally force them into the inner Solar System, first becoming centaurs, and then short-period comets. According to the Minor Planet Center, which officially catalogues all trans-Neptunian objects, a KBO, strictly speaking, is any object that orbits exclusively within the defined Kuiper belt region regardless of origin or composition. Objects found outside the belt are classed as scattered objects. In some scientific circles the term "Kuiper belt object" has become synonymous with any icy minor planet native to the outer Solar System assumed to have been part of that initial class, even if its orbit during the bulk

neg: Grain quality postharvest handling, storage management and transportation practices. The properties of grain quality can be summarized into ten main factors (i) Uniform moisture contents, (ii) High test weight, (iii) No foreign material, (iv) Low percentage of discolored, broken and damaged kernels, (v) Low breakability, (vi) High milling quality, (vii) High protein and oil content, (viii) High viability, (ix) No afaltoxin (mycotoxin), and (x) No presence of insects and molds. Grain quality is characterized into two main factors (i) intrinsic factors, and (ii) extrinsic factors. The intrinsic factors of grain includes, color, composition, bulk density, odor, aroma, size and shape. Color is

neg: Physical property of an object that are traditionally defined by classical mechanics are often called mechanical properties. Other broad categories, commonly cited, are electrical properties and optical properties. Examples of physical properties include: Physical property A physical property is any property that is measurable, whose value describes a state of a physical system. The changes in the physical properties of a system can be used to describe its changes between momentary states. Physical properties are often referred to as observables. They are not modal properties. Quantifiable physical property is called physical quantity. Physical properties are often characterized as intensive and extensive properties.

neg: Internal energy which shows (or defines) temperature "T" to be the partial derivative of "U" with respect to entropy "S" and pressure "p" to be the negative of the similar derivative with respect to volume "V" formula_9 formula_10 and where the coefficients formula_46 are the chemical potentials for the components of type i in the system. The chemical potentials are defined as the partial derivatives of the energy with respect to the variations in composition: As conjugate variables to the composition formula_48, the chemical potentials are intensive properties, intrinsically characteristic of the qualitative nature of the system, and not proportional to its

neg: Monotonicity criterion from to isn't a violation of the monotonicity criterion. The monotonicity criterion renders the intuition that there should be neither need to worry about harming a candidate by (nothing else than) up-ranking nor it should be possible to support a candidate by (nothing else than) counter-intuitively down-ranking. There are several variations of that criterion; e.g., what Douglas R. Woodall called "mono-add-plump": A candidate should not be harmed if further ballots are added that have top with no second choice. Agreement with such rather special properties is the best any ranked voting system may fulfill: The Gibbard–Satterthwaite theorem shows, that any

neg: Customs territory of the sovereign country of which they are a part: Antarctica has no domestic government; the Antarctic Treaty System governs administration of various expeditions by sovereign states. Customs territory A customs territory is a geographic territory with uniform customs regulations. Existing customs territories consists fall into several types: There are also some unregulated lands (usually uninhabited) not part of any customs territory. As of 2010, most customs unions rarely operate as a single entity and are represented in relations with other customs territories either jointly by their member states governments and the union institutions or by only the member states.

neg: Homogeneity (physics) "m" traveling at speed "v", and one cannot know if "h•c"/λ should be divided or multiplied by 2π. Nevertheless, this is a very powerful tool in finding characteristic units of a given problem, see dimensional analysis. Theoretical physicists tend to express everything in natural units given by constants of nature, for example by taking "c" = "ħ" = "k" = 1; once this is done, one partly loses the possibility of the above checking. Homogeneity (physics) In physics, a homogeneous material or system has the same properties at every point; it is uniform without irregularities. A uniform electric field (which

neg: ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code and product chemical composition and analysis, test specimens, and methodologies of testing for welding rods, filler metals and electrodes used in the construction of pressure vessels. The specifications contained in this Part are designated with 'SFA' and a number which is taken from the American Welding Society (AWS) specifications. Part D - Properties (Customary/Metric) This Part is a supplementary book referenced by other sections of the Code. It provides tables for the design stress values, tensile and yield stress values as well as tables for material properties (Modulus of Elasticity, Coefficient of heat transfer "et al.") Section III of the

neg: ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code referenced by other sections of the Code. It provides material specifications for nonferrous materials which are suitable for use in the construction of pressure vessels. The specifications contained in this Part specify the mechanical properties, heat treatment, heat and product chemical composition and analysis, test specimens, and methodologies of testing. The designation of the specifications start with 'SB' and a number which is taken from the ASTM 'B' specifications. Part C - Specifications for Welding Rods, Electrodes, and Filler Metals This Part is a supplementary book referenced by other sections of the Code. It provides mechanical properties, heat treatment, heat

neg: Ailsa Craig on Ailsa Craig has an unusual crystalline composition that has a distinctive appearance but a uniform hardness. These properties have made the island's rock a favourite material for curling stones. The island has a fresh-water spring but no electricity, gas, sewage or telephone connections. Apart from sold to the Northern Lighthouse Board in 1883, the island currently belongs to The 9th Marquess of Ailsa. In May 2011 it was announced that the island was for sale; originally given an asking price of £2,500,000, as of March 2013, the current asking price is for offers over £1,500,000. Reports in December 2013