query: which country sold alaska to the united states

pos: Alaska Purchase from Russia to the United States, which took place on October 19, 1867. The date is by the Gregorian calendar, which came into effect in Alaska the following day to replace the Julian calendar used by the Russians (the Julian calendar in the 19th century was 12 days behind the Gregorian calendar). Alaska Day is a holiday for all state workers. Alaska Purchase The Alaska Purchase () was the United States' acquisition of Alaska from the Russian Empire on March 30, 1867, by a treaty ratified by the United States Senate, and signed by President Andrew Johnson. Russia wanted to

pos: Alaska Purchase from Russia to the United States, which took place on October 19, 1867. The date is by the Gregorian calendar, which came into effect in Alaska the following day to replace the Julian calendar used by the Russians (the Julian calendar in the 19th century was 12 days behind the Gregorian calendar). Alaska Day is a holiday for all state workers. Alaska Purchase The Alaska Purchase () was the United States' acquisition of Alaska from the Russian Empire on March 30, 1867, by a treaty ratified by the United States Senate, and signed by President Andrew Johnson. Russia wanted to

pos: Russia–United States relations elections. Mutual sanctions imposed in 2014 remain in place. Leaders of Russia and the United States from 1992 Official contacts between the Russian Empire and the new United States of America began in 1776. Russia, while formally neutral during the American Revolution (1765–1783), favored the U.S. Fully-fledged diplomatic ties were established in 1809. During the American Civil War (1861–1865), Russia supported the Union against the Confederacy which deterred the British from intervening. Russia sold its territory in North America, Alaska, to the United States in 1867. The Treaty of Portsmouth (1905), brokered by President Theodore Roosevelt ended the Russo-Japanese War.

pos: Alaska boundary dispute Alaska boundary dispute The Alaska boundary dispute was a territorial dispute between the United States and the United Kingdom, which then controlled Canada's foreign relations. It was resolved by arbitration in 1903. The dispute existed between the Russian Empire and Britain since 1821, and was inherited by the United States as a consequence of the Alaska Purchase in 1867. The final resolution favored the American position, and Canada did not get an all-Canadian outlet from the Yukon gold fields to the sea. The disappointment and anger in Canada was directed less at the United States, and more at the British

pos: Alaska Day Alaska Day Alaska Day is a legal holiday in the U.S. state of Alaska, observed on October 18. It is the anniversary of the formal transfer of the Territory of Alaska from Russia to the United States, which occurred on Friday, October 18, 1867. On March 30, 1867, the United States purchased Alaska from the Russian Empire for the sum of $7.2 million. It was not until October of that year that the commissioners arrived in Sitka and the formal transfer was arranged. The formal flag-raising took place at Fort Sitka on October 18, 1867. The original ceremony included 250

neg: Alaska Commercial Company were sold to the Community Enterprise Development Corporation of Alaska (CEDC). In November 1992, the CEDC sold the stores in turn to The North West Company, a Canadian retailer mainly serving northern communities. ACC now has 30 stores in 29 remote Alaska Villages, under the name AC Value Center. Northern Commercial retained the heavy equipment division, which continues to operate under the name NC Machinery. Alaska Commercial Company The Alaska Commercial Company (ACC) is a company that operated retail stores in Alaska during the early period of Alaska's ownership by the United States. From 1901 to 1992, it was known

neg: Dutch Harbor educated their children. The Russian-American Company operated from 1799 through the mid-1800s. It used Dutch Harbor in the transport of goods, mainly seal and sea otter fur. In 1867 Russia sold Alaska to the United States. Fur was the main export in Alaska after the United States took control. Hutchinson, Kohl, & Company of San Francisco took over the assets of the Russian America Company in 1867, but it sold out in 1868 to the Alaska Commercial Company. A decline in the sea otter population slowed trade in 1895. The year 1897 brought a crowd of potential prospectors looking to

neg: Alaska v. Native Village of Venetie Tribal Government Alaska v. Native Village of Venetie Tribal Government Alaska v. Native Village of Venetie Tribal Government, 522 U.S. 520 (1998), was a United States Supreme Court case. The local tribal council in Venetie, Alaska, wanted to collect tax from non-tribal members doing business on tribal lands. The Supreme Court granted certiorari on appeal from the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, which had ruled in the tribe's favor, saying they occupied Indian Country. The Court decided unanimously that the land was not the tribe's land subject to the tribal tax, even though it was owned by the

neg: Alaska v. Native Village of Venetie Tribal Government Heather Kendall-Miller, an attorney of Athabascan descent. Alaska v. Native Village of Venetie Tribal Government Alaska v. Native Village of Venetie Tribal Government, 522 U.S. 520 (1998), was a United States Supreme Court case. The local tribal council in Venetie, Alaska, wanted to collect tax from non-tribal members doing business on tribal lands. The Supreme Court granted certiorari on appeal from the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, which had ruled in the tribe's favor, saying they occupied Indian Country. The Court decided unanimously that the land was not the tribe's land subject to the tribal tax,

neg: Venetie, Alaska states." The state of Alaska appealed that decision, concerned that up to 44 million acres of tribal lands in Alaska might be classified as 'Indian Country' and thus subject to local tribal taxation. (In the Lower 48, by comparison, about 56 million acres are designated as federally recognized, sovereign Indian reservation lands.) In 1998, the case was heard by the United States Supreme Court, which ruled in "Alaska v. Native Village of Venetie Tribal Government." It determined that the tribal council did not have taxing authority on its land, as the terms of the 1971 Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act

neg: Warday and its economy was destroyed as a result. The country has closed its borders to American refugees, expelling many people from North Dakota who had sought shelter in the days following the war. The Canadians blamed the United States for having entered the war without thinking of the consequences to neighboring countries. The United States sold Alaska to the Canadians, with the oil of Prudhoe Bay being diverted to Vancouver. Argentina and most of Latin America, though undamaged, was occupied and divided among Western nations to stabilize food stocks allocated to Europe and to prevent a fate similar to Mexico's.

neg: Alaska Railroad 557 from the museum and returned it to the Alaska Railroad on the condition that it be restored to operation and put into service. The locomotive was sold to the non-profit Engine 557 Restoration Company for "One Dollar ($1.00) and other good and valuable considerations" and they have invested (as of January, 2015) 30 months and over 15,000 hours of volunteer time in the restoration and overhaul. Alaska Railroad The Alaska Railroad is a Class II railroad which extends from Seward and Whittier, in the south of the state of Alaska, in the United States, to Fairbanks (passing through Anchorage),

neg: Extradition law in the United States Extradition law in the United States Extradition law in the United States is the formal process by which a fugitive found in the United States is surrendered to another country or state for trial, punishment, or rehabilitation. For foreign countries, the process is regulated by treaty and conducted between the federal government of the United States and the government of a foreign country. The process is considerably different from interstate or intrastate extradition. Florida, Alaska, and Hawaii do not extradite for a misdemeanor conviction that was convicted in the US, as of 2010. Some felonies are an exception in American

neg: United States Army Alaska which was then the principal Army unit in Alaska. United States Army Alaska commands two brigade combat teams, an NCO Academy, the US Army's Northern Warfare Training Center (NWTC), and the United States Army garrisons in Alaska, as well as tenant organizations and Reserve Component units. Major units under the United States Army Alaska command are: The reserve component units located throughout the state include: United States Army Alaska United States Army Alaska (USARAK or "America's Arctic Warriors") is a military command of the United States Army located in the U.S. state of Alaska. A subordinate command of the United

neg: Horizon Air Horizon Air Horizon Air Industries, Inc., operating as Horizon Air, is a regional airline based in SeaTac, Washington, United States. Horizon Air and its sister carrier Alaska Airlines are subsidiaries of Alaska Air Group and all Horizon-operated scheduled flights are marketed and sold by Alaska Airlines. Planes operated by Horizon are co-branded as in recognition of the Horizon brand and to differentiate aircraft from those operated by Alaska's other regional airline partner, SkyWest Airlines. Horizon Air was once the eighth largest regional airline in the US, serving 42 cities in the United States and Canada. It was purchased by Alaska

neg: Ultra-low-sulfur diesel U.S. EPA. Mexico began introduction of ULSD throughout the country in 2006. Ultra-low-sulfur diesel fuel was proposed by EPA as a new standard for the sulfur content in on-road diesel fuel sold in the United States since October 15, 2006, except for rural Alaska which transferred in 2010. California has required it since September 1, 2006. This new regulation applies to all diesel fuel, diesel fuel additives and distillate fuels blended with diesel for on-road use, such as kerosene, however, it does not yet apply to railroad locomotives, marine, or off-road uses. Since December 1, 2010, all highway diesel fuel

neg: United States District Court for the District of Alaska United States District Court for the District of Alaska The United States District Court for the District of Alaska (in case citations, D. Alaska) is a federal court in the Ninth Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit). The District was established on July 7, 1958, pending Alaska statehood on January 3, 1959. The United States Attorney's Office for the District of Alaska represents the United States in civil and criminal litigation in the court. The current United States Attorney is Bryan Schroder since March

neg: 1988 United States presidential election in Alaska 1988 United States presidential election in Alaska The 1988 United States presidential election in Alaska took place on November 8, 1988. All 50 states and the District of Columbia, were part of the 1988 United States presidential election. Alaska voters chose 3 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president. Alaska was won by incumbent United States Vice President George H. W. Bush of Texas, who was running against Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis. Bush ran with Indiana Senator Dan Quayle as Vice President, and Dukakis ran with Texas Senator Lloyd Bentsen. Alaska weighed in for this

neg: Russian colonization of the Americas to a total of $7,200,000 on 9 April 1867. The canceled check is in the present day United States National Archives. In present-day Russian Federation and its predecessor the Soviet Union (USSR) there are periodic mass media stories that Alaska was not sold to the United States in the 1867 Alaska Purchase, but only leased for 99 years (= to 1966), or 150 years (= to 2017)—and will be returned to Russia. However, the Alaska Purchase Treaty is absolutely clear that the agreement was for a complete Russian cession of the territory. The Soviet Union (USSR) released a series of

neg: Maritime fur trade Maritime fur trade The maritime fur trade was a ship-based fur trade system that focused on acquiring furs of sea otters and other animals from the indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast and natives of Alaska. The furs were mostly sold in China in exchange for tea, silks, porcelain, and other Chinese goods, which were then sold in Europe and the United States. The maritime fur trade was pioneered by Russians, working east from Kamchatka along the Aleutian Islands to the southern coast of Alaska. British and Americans entered during the 1780s, focusing on what is now the coast

neg: Nome, Alaska Turtledove, Nome (under the name Siknazuak, which is a variant of its Iñupiat name) in the story is taken over by the Soviet Union in June 1929 and is eventually liberated by the United States Marine Corps. In the story, Alaska isn't sold to the US in 1867 and remains part of Russia until the end of the Russian Civil War when Vladimir Lenin is forced to cede Alaska to the US following the Allied intervention in the war. True-life 1970s adventures while serving as the sole physician in Nome are recounted in "On Call in the Arctic" by Thomas

neg: Russian-American Company "the lack of experience of the executives handling an organization which overreached itself through its expansion across the Pacific and along the American coast into California..." The company ceased its commercial activities in 1881. In 1867, the Alaska Purchase transferred control of Alaska to the United States and the commercial interests of the Russian-American Company were sold to Hutchinson, Kohl & Company of San Francisco, California, who then renamed their company to the Alaska Commercial Company. The Russian commercial flag (civil ensign) was used between 1799 and 1806 by the company on its ships and establishments. Tsar Alexander I approved

neg: Alaska Legislature governor does not have the power of the pocket veto. Unlike many other state legislative chambers in the United States, both houses of the Alaska Legislature have a longstanding tradition of majority caucuses encompassing members of both major parties (Republican and Democratic). Democrats caucusing with the majority are colloquially known as "Bush Democrats," a reference to the Alaskan bush country from which they typically hail. Members of the minority party caucusing with the majority are treated as members of the majority for purposes of committee assignments and caucus meetings. Alaska Legislature The Alaska Legislature is the state legislature of the

neg: Demographics of Alaska Demographics of Alaska As of 2017, Alaska has an estimated population of 739,818. In 2005, the population of Alaska was 663,661, which is an increase of 5,906, or 0.9%, from the prior year and an increase of 36,730, or 5.9%, since the year 2000. This includes a natural increase since the last census of 36,590 people (53,132 births minus 16,542 deaths) and an increase due to net migration of 1,181 people into the state. Immigration from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 5,800 people, and migration within the country produced a net loss of 4,619 people.

neg: United States District Court for the District of Alaska Prince of Wales, and Wrangell. Nome Division comprises the following borough/census areas: Nome, Northwest Arctic, and Kusilvak. United States District Court for the District of Alaska The United States District Court for the District of Alaska (in case citations, D. Alaska) is a federal court in the Ninth Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit). The District was established on July 7, 1958, pending Alaska statehood on January 3, 1959. The United States Attorney's Office for the District of Alaska represents the United States in

neg: SS Olympia North America Mail Steamship Company of Tacoma, Washington. In 1903, she operated under the North Western Steam Ship Company of Seattle, Washington, which sold her to the Alaska Steam Ship Company in 1904. That year, lifeboats were installed. On 10 December 1910, "Olympia" ran aground on Bligh Reef off Alaska′s Prince William Sound and sank without loss of life. Following the sinking, steamboat inspectors accused Captain Daniels, in command of "Olympia" when she ran aground, of "unskillful navigation." SS Olympia SS "Olympia" was a steamship that served the northwest United States and Alaska during the Klondike Gold Rush. She was

neg: 1964 United States presidential election in Alaska election when Alaska has ever voted for a Democratic candidate, partially due to Johnson’s landslide victory throughout the rest of the country (except for the Deep South and Goldwater’s home state), and partially because during its first four presidential elections Alaska was not anomalously Republican relative to the nation at-large, which the state would become and remain very strongly from 1976 onwards. Indeed, despite Johnson’s landslide, Alaska came out of the 1964 election as 4.63 percent more Democratic than the nation at-large on a two-party basis. At a more local level, all boroughs and census areas voted for Johnson, and

neg: Russian language in the United States Texas, Florida and New York. Russian language in the United States The Russian language is among the top fifteen most spoken languages in the United States. Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, many Russians have migrated to the United States and brought the language with them. Most Russian speakers in the United States today are Russian Jews. According to the 2010 United States Census the number of Russian speakers was 854,955, which made Russian the 12th most spoken language in the country. The first Russians to land on the New World were explorers who reached Alaska in 1648. More

neg: Russian language in the United States Russian language in the United States The Russian language is among the top fifteen most spoken languages in the United States. Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, many Russians have migrated to the United States and brought the language with them. Most Russian speakers in the United States today are Russian Jews. According to the 2010 United States Census the number of Russian speakers was 854,955, which made Russian the 12th most spoken language in the country. The first Russians to land on the New World were explorers who reached Alaska in 1648. More than 200 years later, in

neg: 1976 United States presidential election in Alaska the popular vote, Alaska would prove to be Ford's fifth strongest state in the 1976 election after Utah, Idaho, Wyoming and Nebraska. Libertarian candidate Roger MacBride also had his strongest showing in Alaska, which would continue to provide a base of votes for the new party. 1976 United States presidential election in Alaska The 1976 United States presidential election in Alaska took place on November 2, 1976, as part of the 1976 United States presidential election. Voters chose three representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. Alaska was won by incumbent President Gerald

neg: USS Alaska (CB-1) the 5-inch dual turrets—in place and added a reduced version of the first plan for the aft. This would have cost $82 million, and was still seen as too cost-prohibitive. As a result, the conversion proposal was abandoned and the ship was instead stricken from the naval registry on 1 June 1960. On 30 June she was sold to the Lipsett Division of Luria Brothers to be broken up for scrap. USS Alaska (CB-1) USS "Alaska" (CB-1) was the lead ship of the of large cruisers which served with the United States Navy during the end of World War II.

neg: Caitlin Patterson the United States at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang. Her brother Stephan was also named to the U.S. Olympic team for Pyeongchang. All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS). Caitlin Patterson Caitlin Patterson (born January 30, 1990) is an American cross-country skier. Patterson has been selected to compete for the United States at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang. Caitlin Patterson was born in McCall, Idaho. She has one younger brother, Scott, who is also a cross-country skier. The family moved to Alaska in 2005. She attended South Anchorage High School in Anchorage, Alaska. She graduated

neg: Flag of Alaska flag flew over Alaska until October 18, 1867, when all Russian-American Company holdings in Alaska were sold to the United States. The Alaska Legislature adopted Benson's design as the official flag for the Territory of Alaska on May 2, 1927. The first flag made based on Benny's design was made of blue silk and appliquéd gold stars. It was inaugurally flown July 9, 1927. It was retained as the state flag upon statehood in 1959. The flag's symbolism is described in the state song, "Alaska's Flag". Flag of Alaska The flag of Alaska consists of eight gold stars, forming the

neg: 2016 United States presidential election in Alaska final 2016 predictions from various organizations for Alaska as of Election Day. According to the Alaska Division of Election voter turnout was about 60.8%, 318,608 ballots were cast out of 528,761 voters. Alaska had 3 electors in 2016; all of them voted for Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president. The electors were: 2016 United States presidential election in Alaska The 2016 United States presidential election in Alaska was held on November 8, 2016, as part of the 2016 General Election in which all 50 states plus The District of Columbia participated. Alaska voters chose electors to

neg: St. Michael's Cathedral (Sitka, Alaska) also established a school. He designed it in the Russian ecclesiastical architectural style, for which it has been noted as one of the finest examples of its kind in North America. The foundation stone for the cathedral was laid in 1844, and on 20 November 1848, the Cathedral of St. Michael became a reality. The Russian-American Company funded the project, the bells were forged in Alaska, and the clock fixed in the bell tower was made by Innocent himself. In 1867, Alaska was sold to the United States; Army Major General Jefferson C. Davis arrived in Sitka with several hundred

neg: 1972 United States presidential election in Alaska 1972 United States presidential election in Alaska The 1972 United States presidential election in Alaska took place on November 7, 1972, as part of the 1972 United States presidential election. Voters chose three representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. Alaska was won by incumbent President Richard Nixon (R-California) with 58.1% of the popular vote against George McGovern (D-South Dakota) with 34.6%. Although Alaska has only voted Democratic once, which was for Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964, during the state’s first four presidential elections Alaska was no more Republican than the nation at-large:

neg: ALCO MRS-1 the United States Navy. Five units stationed in Concord, California were the last to be used by the armed forces. Thirteen of the locomotives were sold to the Alaska Railroad—six in 1974, and seven in 1975. Alaska retired its last ALCO MRS-1s in 1984. Two locomotives were sold to the Uruguayan Administración de Ferrocarriles del Estado, numbered 1611, 1612. One suffered a fire in 1994 and was scrapped while the other is stored inoperable. While many locomotives were ultimately scrapped, several still exist, in various states of preservation. Examples exist at the Bluegrass Railroad and Museum, the Western Railway Museum,

neg: Sinrock Mary Alaska. The herd was originally based around Sinuk, a small settlement also called "Sinrock", from which Mary took her nickname. For practical reasons Mary moved it south. She sold reindeer meat to the United States Army in the region, which had become busier due to gold being discovered. The gold mining industry caused many problems, including diseases brought by the white miners to the tribe, so Mary relocated to Unalakleet, Alaska, with her family and reindeer in 1901. In 1902, she married Inupiat Andrew Andrewuk. She adopted children and taught them reindeer herding, and also other members of the tribe.

neg: 793rd Military Police Battalion 793rd Military Police Battalion The 793rd Military Police Battalion was a Battalion sized unit in the United States Army stationed at Fort Richardson, Alaska. The battalion was responsible for all Regular Army (United States) Military Police units and operations in the state of Alaska. Traditionally since 1946, the battalion was located in Germany with subordinate companies scattered through the country, thus ending a rich Military Police history in postwar Germany in 2010 with relocation to Alaska. With the drawdown of troops in the US Army, the Army once again inactivated the Battalion 28 August 2014. The Battalion was activated at

neg: Economy of Alaska and on North America, typically producing about . The Trans-Alaska Pipeline can pump up to of crude oil per day, more than any other crude oil pipeline in the United States. Additionally, substantial coal deposits are found in Alaska's bituminous, sub-bituminous, and lignite coal basins. The United States Geological Survey estimates that there are of undiscovered, technically recoverable gas from natural gas hydrates on the Alaskan North Slope. Alaska also offers some of the highest hydroelectric power potential in the country from its numerous rivers. Large swaths of the Alaskan coastline offer wind and geothermal energy potential as well. Alaska's

neg: United States in the Midwest and South. The U.S. ecology is megadiverse: about 17,000 species of vascular plants occur in the contiguous United States and Alaska, and over 1,800 species of flowering plants are found in Hawaii, few of which occur on the mainland. The United States is home to 428 mammal species, 784 bird species, 311 reptile species, and 295 amphibian species. About 91,000 insect species have been described. The bald eagle is both the national bird and national animal of the United States, and is an enduring symbol of the country itself. There are 59 national parks and hundreds of

neg: Pepperrell Air Force Base Destroyers for Bases Agreement, whereby the United States (still a neutral country) would provide 50 ex-United States Navy destroyers in exchange for the right to lease territory in British territories in Newfoundland and the Caribbean. Of particular importance was Newfoundland, which the United States sought to arm as a buffer area similar to Alaska territory. A board of experts on naval and air bases arrived in St. John's by March 1940 to investigate areas necessary for developments being considered by the recently set-up Canadian/United States Defence Board, and with the agreements signed and most of the negotiations completed, the first

neg: Geographic contiguity Geographic contiguity Geographic contiguity is the characteristic in geography of political or geographical land divisions, as a group, not being interrupted by other land or water. Such divisions are referred to as being "contiguous." In the United States, for example, the "48 contiguous states" excludes Hawaii and Alaska, which do not share borders with other U.S. states. Other examples of geographical contiguity might include the "contiguous European Union" excluding member states such as the United Kingdom, Ireland, Sweden, Finland, Malta and Cyprus (these being non-contiguous), or the "contiguous United Kingdom" referring to all parts of the country excepting Northern Ireland

neg: SS Felix Riesenberg was sold to Pacific Waterways Corp., and renamed "Transatlantic". In March 1959, she was sold to Alaska Steamship Co., and renamed "Nenana". On 6 January 1971, she was sold to Jui Fa Steel & Iron Works Co., Ltd., Taiwan, for scrapping. SS Felix Riesenberg SS "Felix Riesenberg" was a Liberty ship built in the United States during World War II. She was named after Felix Riesenberg, a mariner, explorer, civil engineer, chief officer of the United States Shipping Board, (USSB) and author of marine textbooks. "Felix Riesenberg" was laid down on 16 November 1944, under a Maritime Commission (MARCOM) contract,

neg: 2016 United States presidential election in Alaska 2016 United States presidential election in Alaska The 2016 United States presidential election in Alaska was held on November 8, 2016, as part of the 2016 General Election in which all 50 states plus The District of Columbia participated. Alaska voters chose electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote pitting the Republican Party's nominee, businessman Donald Trump, and running mate Indiana Governor Mike Pence against Democratic Party nominee, former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and her running mate, Virginia Senator Tim Kaine. Alaska voters expressed their preferences for the Democratic presidential nomination in caucuses on

neg: Native Americans in the United States which Indian social service organizations such as the Little Earth housing complex in Minneapolis attempt to address. According to 2003 United States Census Bureau estimates, a little over one third of the 2,786,652 Native Americans in the United States live in three states: California at 413,382, Arizona at 294,137 and Oklahoma at 279,559. In 2010, the U.S. Census Bureau estimated that about 0.8% of the U.S. population was of American Indian or Alaska Native descent. This population is unevenly distributed across the country. Below, all fifty states, as well as the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico, are listed by

neg: Alexander II of Russia to the prosecution of the Crimean War and, after the fall of Sevastopol, to negotiations for peace led by his trusted counsellor, Prince Alexander Gorchakov. The country had been exhausted and humiliated by the war. Bribe-taking, theft and corruption were rampant. Encouraged by public opinion, Alexander began a period of radical reforms, including an attempt not to depend on landed aristocracy controlling the poor, an effort to develop Russia's natural resources, and to reform all branches of the administration. In 1867 he sold Alaska to the United States for $7.2 million (equivalent to roughly $200 million in current dollars) after

neg: SS Valencia to fire upon "Valencia" for not displaying her American flag, which violated maritime courtesy. In response an American official stated "Reina Mercedes" did not display her colors while attacking "Valencia", making the attack unjustified. In 1898, "Valencia" was sold to the Pacific Steam Whaling Company, which brought her around Cape Horn to the United States West Coast. From here, she served between San Francisco, California and the Territory of Alaska. On 19 June of that year, "Valencia" was chartered by the United States Army for use as a troopship in the Spanish–American War. In this configuration, "Valencia" could carry 606

neg: Alaska Department of Public Safety Alaska and limited local enforcement agencies, Alaska's DPS is the primary law enforcement and public safety organization for most of the state. The men and women of DPS provide service in conditions not usually found in many other parts of the country. There have been 16 Alaska State Troopers and 2 K9s killed since its beginning in 1948. Alaska Department of Public Safety The Alaska Department of Public Safety is a law enforcement agency with its usual focus being the protection of life, property and wildlife resources in the state of Alaska in the United States. The Alaska Department of

neg: Cutch (steamship) but which had not then entered into the steamship business. "Cutch" was rebuilt in 1898, with new machinery and cabins for 60 additional passengers. The overall size of the vessel was more than doubled, from 324 to 676 gross tons. In 1898 and 1899, Union Steamship Company placed "Cutch" and two other steamships on the run north on the Inside Passage to Skagway and Dyea, Alaska. "Cutch" was wrecked on August 24, 1900, in Stephens Passage, Alaska. The vessel was sold for salvage and then towed to Portland, Oregon. In 1901 the ship was registered in the United States under

neg: 1968 United States presidential election in Alaska 1968 United States presidential election in Alaska The 1968 United States presidential election in Alaska took place on November 5, 1968, as part of the 1968 United States presidential election. Voters chose three representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. Alaska was won by Richard Nixon (R-California) with 45.3 percent of the popular vote against incumbent Vice President Hubert Humphrey (D-Minnesota) with 42.6 percent. Nixon ultimately won the national vote as well, defeating Humphrey and becoming the next President. Former Governor George Wallace (D-Alabama) ran under the far-right American Independent Party ticket, which

neg: USC&GS Cosmos Spit on Fish Egg Island in Alaska. "Cosmos" was retired from service in 1927 and sold for $565 (USD) that year. USC&GS Cosmos USC&GS "Cosmos" was a survey launch in service in the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey from 1887 to 1927. "Cosmos" was built in 1887 by the Mare Island Navy Yard at Vallejo, California. She entered service with the Coast and Geodetic Survey that year. She served along the United States West Coast and in the waters of the Territory of Alaska during her career. On 29–30 April 1913, "Cosmos" joined the Coast and Geodetic Survey survey

neg: Trapper Creek, Alaska the Parks Highway 15 miles north of Talkeetna Junction. Also, Trapper Creek extends down the Petersville Road, which leads to mining, prospecting, and recreation country in the foothills of the Alaska Range. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , of which, of it is land and of it (1.58%) is water. Trapper Creek first appeared on the 1990 U.S. Census as a census-designated place (CDP). As of the census of 2000, there were 423 people, 182 households, and 123 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1.2 people per square

neg: Fur trade and natives of Alaska. The furs were mostly traded in China for tea, silks, porcelain, and other Chinese goods, which were then sold in Europe and the United States. The maritime fur trade was pioneered by the Russians, working east from Kamchatka along the Aleutian Islands to the southern coast of Alaska. British and Americans entered during the 1780s, focusing on what is now the coast of British Columbia. The trade boomed around the turn of the 19th century. A long period of decline began in the 1810s. As the sea otter population was depleted, the maritime fur trade diversified

neg: 2010 United States Senate election in Alaska 2010 United States Senate election in Alaska The 2010 United States Senate election in Alaska took place on November 2, 2010, alongside 33 other U.S. Senate elections in other states, as well as elections in all states for Representatives to the U.S. House, and various state and local offices. The November general election in Alaska was preceded by primary elections which were held on August 24, 2010. Scott McAdams, the Mayor of Sitka, became the Democratic Party nominee and Joe Miller, an attorney and former federal magistrate, became the Republican nominee after defeating incumbent Senator Lisa Murkowski in the Republican

neg: 2010 United States Senate election in Alaska senate certification, but would continue pursuing the federal case. On December 31 Miller announced at a news conference in Anchorage that he was conceding. 2010 United States Senate election in Alaska The 2010 United States Senate election in Alaska took place on November 2, 2010, alongside 33 other U.S. Senate elections in other states, as well as elections in all states for Representatives to the U.S. House, and various state and local offices. The November general election in Alaska was preceded by primary elections which were held on August 24, 2010. Scott McAdams, the Mayor of Sitka, became the Democratic

neg: County police the state of Alaska, a county is known as a borough. The only of which to have their own police department is North Slope Borough. There are 3,141 counties in the United States and some county police departments are: County police County police are police forces existing primarily in the United States that possess primary jurisdiction over an entire county. England and Wales, two constituent countries of the United Kingdom (UK), are policed by territorial police forces which are largely formed on a county basis. Historically, Sweden and Scotland, another constituent country of the UK, have had county police, although

neg: Alaska various disqualifying classifications or may subject the payment amount to civil garnishment. The Permanent Fund is often considered to be one of the leading examples of a "Basic Income" policy in the world. The cost of goods in Alaska has long been higher than in the contiguous 48 states. Federal government employees, particularly United States Postal Service (USPS) workers and active-duty military members, receive a Cost of Living Allowance usually set at 25% of base pay because, while the cost of living has gone down, it is still one of the highest in the country. Rural Alaska suffers from extremely

neg: Native American policy of the Richard Nixon administration to American citizenship; and whereas the Indians within the territorial limits of the United States should assume their full responsibilities as American citizens. Public Law 280 (PL-280), which passed on August 15, 1953, supplemented the tenets and policies outlined in House Concurrent Resolution 108. Public Law 280 sought to transfer criminal jurisdiction over crimes committed by Indians in "Indian Country" to certain state governments. Previously, "Indian Country" was under the jurisdiction of the federal criminal code. Congress gave six states (California, Minnesota, Nebraska, Oregon, Wisconsin, and Alaska) extensive authority to prosecute most crimes that occurred in Indian country. Between 1953

neg: 2012 United States presidential election in Alaska to the Nevada Republican caucuses, 2012, the results of the presidential preference poll will be used to directly and proportionately apportion 24 national convention delegates among the candidates. Another 3 super delegates are unbound and not determined by the caucus results. 2012 United States presidential election in Alaska The 2012 United States presidential election in Alaska took place on November 6, 2012, as part of the 2012 General Election in which all 50 states plus The District of Columbia participated. Alaska voters chose three electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote pitting incumbent Democratic President

neg: Alaska Air National Guard reverted to ownership by the State of Alaska, which as of April 2011 had not yet announced plans for the property. Alaska Air National Guard The Alaska Air National Guard (AK ANG) is the air militia of the State of Alaska, United States of America. It is, along with the Alaska Army National Guard, an element of the Alaska National Guard. As state military units, the units in the Alaska Air National Guard are not typically in the normal United States Air Force chain of command unless federalized. They are under the jurisdiction of the Governor of Alaska though the

neg: West Coast of the United States West Coast of the United States The West Coast or Pacific Coast is the coastline along which the continental Western United States meets the North Pacific Ocean. As a region, this term most often refers to the coastal states of California, Oregon, Washington, and Alaska. More specifically, it refers to an area defined on the east by the Alaska Range, Cascade Range, Sierra Nevada, and Mojave Desert, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean. The United States Census groups the five states of California, Oregon, Washington, Alaska, and Hawaii together as the Pacific States division. As of the 2010

neg: Piper PA-14 Family Cruiser and the first customer deliveries were made later that year. 238 examples were completed, most being sold to private owner pilots in the United States, but overseas sales included several to France. The aircraft was launched at a time of serious financial difficulty for the company, and indeed, soon after the release of the Family Cruiser, Piper was placed in receivership, from which it later successfully emerged. 126 examples remained registered in the United States in April 2011, of which 81 were based in Alaska and 13 aircraft were registered in Canada. Piper PA-14 Family Cruiser The Piper PA-14 Family

neg: Ray Metcalfe Ray Metcalfe Ray Metcalfe (born August 29, 1950) is a politician and political activist in Alaska. Metcalfe has served in the Alaska House of Representatives as a Republican, and later ran unsuccessfully for the United States Senate as a Democrat. Ray Metcalfe was born on the Crow Indian Reservation in Montana, where he lived until he left home at the age of fifteen. He spent the next few years hitchhiking around the country, attending high schools in multiple cities and states until graduating from Billings Senior High School in Billings, Montana in 1969. He then hitchhiked to Alaska, arriving June

neg: 2012 United States presidential election in Alaska 2012 United States presidential election in Alaska The 2012 United States presidential election in Alaska took place on November 6, 2012, as part of the 2012 General Election in which all 50 states plus The District of Columbia participated. Alaska voters chose three electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote pitting incumbent Democratic President Barack Obama and his running mate, Vice President Joe Biden, against Republican challenger and former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney and his running mate, Congressman Paul Ryan. Prior to the election, 17 news organizations considered this a state Romney would win, or

neg: Tok, Alaska the historic Valdez-Eagle Trail and the high country of the Alaska Range. The Moon Lake State Recreation Site is a small park off the Alaska Highway 15 miles northwest of Tok. It has a small campground, beach, boat launch for smaller boats, and is an active landing spot for floatplanes. Tok, Alaska Tok is a census-designated place (CDP) in Southeast Fairbanks Census Area, Alaska, United States. The population was 1,258 at the 2010 census, down from 1,393 in 2000. Tok lies on a large, flat alluvial plain of the Tanana Valley between the Tanana River and the Alaska Range at

neg: Coeur Alaska, Inc. v. Southeast Alaska Conservation Council Coeur Alaska, Inc. v. Southeast Alaska Conservation Council Coeur Alaska, Inc. v. Southeast Alaska Conservation Council, 557 U.S. 261 (2009), is a United States Supreme Court case that was decided in favor of Coeur Alaska's permit to dump mine waste in a lake. The case addressed tailings from the Kensington mine, an underground mine located in Alaska. The gold mine had not operated since 1928, and Coeur Alaska obtained a permit in 2005 from the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) to dispose of up to 4.5 million tons of tailings in Lower Slate Lake, which is located in

neg: Electoral history of Mike Gravel Electoral history of Mike Gravel Electoral history of Mike Gravel, Speaker of the Alaska House of Representatives (1965–1966), United States Senator from Alaska (1969–1981), candidate for the 1972 Democratic Party Vice Presidential nomination and 2008 Democratic and later Libertarian Presidential nomination Alaska's At-large congressional district, 1966 (Democratic primary): Democratic primary for the United States Senate from Alaska, 1968: Alaska United States Senate election, 1968: 1972 Democratic National Convention (Vice Presidential tally): Democratic primary for the United States Senate from Alaska, 1974: Alaska United States Senate election, 1974: Democratic primary for the United States Senate from Alaska, 1980: 2008 New Hampshire

neg: Sea otter skins and tails, compared to only 13 ships of the Russian-American Company, which reported 5,696 otter skins taken between 1806 and 1846. In 1812, the Russians founded an agricultural settlement at what is now Fort Ross in northern California, as their southern headquarters. Eventually, sea otter populations became so depleted, commercial hunting was no longer viable. It had stopped in the Aleutian Islands, by 1808, as a conservation measure imposed by the Russian-American Company. Further restrictions were ordered by the Company in 1834. When Russia sold Alaska to the United States in 1867, the Alaska population had recovered to over

neg: Colony High School (Alaska) Colony High School (Alaska) Colony High School (CHS) is a public secondary school in Palmer, Alaska, United States, serving students in grades 9–12. It is part of the Matanuska-Susitna Borough School District. Colony High School's rivals include Wasilla High School and Palmer High School. Colony's sports include football, cross-country running, swimming, cross-country skiing, wrestling, hockey, basketball, track and field, soccer, baseball, volleyball, and softball. Colony High School had the state's only marching band for 15 years until 2017, when one other school in the area started a band. The following season, three other schools also started bands and four of

neg: 2014 United States Senate election in Alaska 2014 United States Senate election in Alaska The 2014 United States Senate election in Alaska took place on November 4, 2014, to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the State of Alaska, concurrently with the election of the Governor of Alaska, as well as other elections to the United States Senate in other states and elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Mark Begich ran for re-election to a second term in office. Primary elections were held on August 19, 2014. Begich was renominated and

neg: 2014 United States House of Representatives election in Alaska 2014 United States House of Representatives election in Alaska The 2014 United States House of Representatives election in Alaska was held on November 4, 2014, to elect the U.S. Representative from Alaska's at-large congressional district, who will represent the state of Alaska in the 114th United States Congress. The election coincided with the elections of a Class II U.S. Senator and the Governor of Alaska, as well as other elections to the United States Senate in other states and elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections. Incumbent Republican U.S. Representative Don Young ran

neg: Yukon–Koyukuk Census Area, Alaska U.S. state of Montana or the country of Germany. The area is bigger than 47 of the 50 states, with only California, Texas and Alaska itself being bigger than the county size. Its population density, at , is the lowest in the United States. As of the census of 2000, there were 6,551 people, 2,309 households, and 1,480 families residing in the census area. The population density was (145900/6551) round 1 square miles (((2.59)*(145900/6551)) round 1km) per person. It is the least densely populated county-equivalent of all 3,141 county-equivalents of the United States. There were 3,917 housing units at an

neg: 2018 United States House of Representatives election in Alaska candidate from each party receiving that party's nomination. Candidates Declared 2018 United States House of Representatives election in Alaska The 2018 United States House of Representatives election in Alaska were held on November 6, 2018, to elect the U.S. Representative from Alaska's at-large congressional district, who will represent the state of Alaska in the 116th United States Congress. The election coincided with the 2018 U.S. mid-term elections, as well as other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate and various state and local elections. Candidates from the Alaska Democratic Party, Alaska Libertarian Party and Alaskan

neg: Yogurtland for people who are lactose intolerant. Also, some flavors are even gluten-free. Products are sold for 30-49 cents per ounce. In Hawaii and Alaska, the products are sold at 42 cents and 45 cents per ounce, respectively. Their current slogan, "get real," refers to the real milk and fresh-cut fruit that is used in making the yogurt, and real toppings. Yogurtland Yogurtland is an American international franchise chain of frozen yogurt restaurants headquartered in Irvine, California, United States. Yogurtland provides self-serve soft-serve frozen yogurt with active cultures. Yogurtland has stores in twenty states in the United States and also several

neg: Gretchen Wilson discography Gretchen Wilson discography The discography of American country music artist Gretchen Wilson consists of twenty-two singles and seven studio albums. Wilson was propelled to fame by her No. 1 2004 hit "Redneck Woman", which spent a total of 5 weeks at No. 1 on the Country Songs chart. The song's album, "Here for the Party" has sold 5 million copies in the United States to date, and produced three additional Top 10 hit singles on the Billboard Country Chart between 2004 and 2005. Her second album, "All Jacked Up" sold a million copies in the United States. The title track

neg: Toklat River Toklat River The Toklat River () is an tributary of the Kantishna River in central Alaska in the United States It drains an area on the north slope of the Alaska Range on the south edge of the Tanana Valley southwest of Fairbanks. It issues from unnamed glaciers in the northern Alaska Range in Denali National Park and Preserve, northeast of Denali. It flows generally northwest through hilly country to the tundra to the north of the Alaska Range. The river was described as the "Toclat" by Lt. H.T. Allen in 1885. Other names or variants include "Tootl'ot Huno", "Tootl'ot

neg: Toklat River Huno' Hutl'ot", "Tootl'ot No' " and "Tutlut River". Depth of 50 ft, width of 25 ft Toklat River The Toklat River () is an tributary of the Kantishna River in central Alaska in the United States It drains an area on the north slope of the Alaska Range on the south edge of the Tanana Valley southwest of Fairbanks. It issues from unnamed glaciers in the northern Alaska Range in Denali National Park and Preserve, northeast of Denali. It flows generally northwest through hilly country to the tundra to the north of the Alaska Range. The river was described as

neg: Caitlin Patterson Caitlin Patterson Caitlin Patterson (born January 30, 1990) is an American cross-country skier. Patterson has been selected to compete for the United States at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang. Caitlin Patterson was born in McCall, Idaho. She has one younger brother, Scott, who is also a cross-country skier. The family moved to Alaska in 2005. She attended South Anchorage High School in Anchorage, Alaska. She graduated from University of Vermont with a degree in civil engineering in 2012. Patterson won all four national titles at the 2018 U.S. National Cross Country Championships. Patterson has been selected to compete for

neg: Alaska Natives crown and Russian American Company. After completing their education, children were often sent to Russia, where they would study skills such as mapmaking, theology, and military intelligence. In 1971 the United States Congress passed the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA), which settled land and financial claims for lands and resources which the peoples had lost to European Americans. It provided for the establishment of 13 Alaska Native Regional Corporations to administer those claims. Similar to the separately defined status of the Canadian Inuit and First Nations in Canada, which are recognized as distinct peoples, in the United States, Alaska

neg: 2016 United States House of Representatives election in Alaska 2016 United States House of Representatives election in Alaska The 2016 United States House of Representatives election in Alaska was held on November 8, 2016, to elect the U.S. Representative from Alaska's at-large congressional district, who will represent the state of Alaska in the 114th United States Congress. The election coincided with the 2016 U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate and various state and local elections. Incumbent Republican U.S. Representative Don Young was re-elected to a twenty-third term in office. Candidates from the Alaska Democratic Party, Alaska

neg: Politkofsky (steam tug) Politkofsky (steam tug) Politkofsky was a small Russian-built Imperial Russian Navy sidewheel gunboat that patrolled the Alaskan Panhandle in the 1860s. "Politkofsky" was built of yellow cedar in Russian America at New Archangel (now Sitka, Alaska), in the 1850s and was in length and of 152 tons displacement. She had early copper boilers and a crosshead steam engine taken from the Imperial Russian Navy ship "Imperator Nikolai I". When Tsar Alexander II of Russia sold Russian Alaska to the United States in 1867, "Politkofsky" was included in the deal. The gunboat was then sold into civilian service as a tugboat.

neg: 2018 United States House of Representatives election in Alaska 2018 United States House of Representatives election in Alaska The 2018 United States House of Representatives election in Alaska were held on November 6, 2018, to elect the U.S. Representative from Alaska's at-large congressional district, who will represent the state of Alaska in the 116th United States Congress. The election coincided with the 2018 U.S. mid-term elections, as well as other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate and various state and local elections. Candidates from the Alaska Democratic Party, Alaska Libertarian Party and Alaskan Independence Party appear on the same ballot, with the highest-placed

neg: United States congressional delegations from Alaska United States congressional delegations from Alaska These are tables of congressional delegations from Alaska to the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives. Ernest Gruening was elected to the Senate on October 6, 1955 for the 84th Congress but did not take the oath of office and was not accorded senatorial privileges, Alaska not yet being admitted as a state. From May 17, 1884 to August 24, 1912, Alaska was designated as the District of Alaska. From then to January 3, 1959, it was the Alaska Territory. , there are no former members of the U.S. House of

neg: Alaska Steamship Company of the Guggenheim Company. In 1915, Kennecott Copper Company, also owned by Morgan & Co. and the M. Guggenheim Sons, acquired the Alaska Syndicate's interests in the Alaska Steamship Company with a stock transaction. The company greatly benefited from the Merchant Marine Act of 1920, which required ships connecting two United States ports to fly the United States flag. The legislation forced two Canadian shipping companies out of the Alaska market. The Alaska Steamship Company eventually enjoyed a near monopoly of freight and passenger service to Alaska. In the 1930s the company bought its long-time rival, the Pacific Steamship Company.

neg: Tyler Kornfield Tyler Kornfield Tyler Kornfield (born February 9, 1991) is an American Olympic cross-country skier. Kornfield was born and raised in Anchorage, Alaska, the son of Ed and Robin Kornfield. His father was originally from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, moved to Alaska in 1978, and worked for the United States Department of the Interior, Office of Aviation Services (OAS), as Chief of Fleet Services. He has a sister, named Tamra. He attended high school at Service High School in Anchorage, graduating in 2009. He then attended that University of Alaska Fairbanks in Fairbanks, Alaska, graduating in 2013 with a degree in Mechanical Engineering.

neg: Russo-American Treaty of 1824 Oregon Country to the United States. The Anglo-Russian Treaty of 1825 between Russia and Great Britain then fixed the Russian Tsar's southernmost boundary of Alaska at the line of 54°40′N — the present southern tip of the Alaska Panhandle — but Russian rights to trade in the area south of that Iattitude remained. The Oregon dispute between the United States and Britain over jurisdiction in the region was already underway as a result of the Adams–Onís Treaty between the U.S. and Spain over the latter's former claims north of the 42nd Parallel (today's Oregon-California boundary). Russo-American Treaty of 1824 The

neg: 793rd Military Police Battalion Detachment "Arctic Dawgs" Most Decorated K9 Detachment in the Army 472nd Military Police Company "Arctic Titans" (Inactivated) 28th Military Police Detachment "Arctic Guardians" (reassigned to 1/25 Striker; reassigned to 17th Combat Sustainment Support Battalion, 2016) 793rd Military Police Battalion The 793rd Military Police Battalion was a Battalion sized unit in the United States Army stationed at Fort Richardson, Alaska. The battalion was responsible for all Regular Army (United States) Military Police units and operations in the state of Alaska. Traditionally since 1946, the battalion was located in Germany with subordinate companies scattered through the country, thus ending a rich Military

neg: 2008 United States House of Representatives election in Alaska were held on August 26, 2008. The "ADL" ballot contained all of the primary candidates for the Alaska Democratic Party, the Alaskan Independence Party, and Libertarian Party of Alaska. 2008 United States House of Representatives election in Alaska The 2008 congressional election in Alaska was held on November 4, 2008 to determine who will represent the state of Alaska in the United States House of Representatives. Alaska has one seat in the House, apportioned according to the 2000 United States Census. Representatives are elected for two-year terms; whoever is elected will serve in the 111th Congress from January 4, 2009

neg: Anderson, Alaska Anderson, Alaska Anderson is a city in the Denali Borough, Alaska, United States, and the borough's only incorporated community. At the 2010 census the population was 246, down from 367 at the 2000 census. The city is named after one of the original homesteaders. Anderson is named after Arthur Anderson, one of several homesteaders who settled in the area in the late 1950s. In 1959, Anderson subdivided his homestead into house lots and sold most of the lots to civilian workers from Clear Air Force Station, a Ballistic Missile Early Warning System station completed in 1961. An elementary school was

neg: Haines, Alaska on property donated by the mission from its holdings. In 1922, the fort was renamed Chilkoot Barracks. It was the only United States Army post in Alaska before World War II. During World War II, it was used as a supply point for some U.S. Army activities in Alaska. The fort was deactivated in 1946 and sold as surplus property to a group of investors (Ted Gregg, Carl Heinmiller, Marty Cordes, Clarence Mattson, and Steve Homer) who called it "Port Chilkoot", thus forming the Port Chilkoot Company. Port Chilkoot was incorporated as a city in 1956. In 1970, Port Chilkoot

neg: Yukon Field Force no government presence in the Yukon in the late 19th century and the region was sparsely populated by First Nations and European prospectors. The borders in south-east Alaska had been disputed between the United States, Canada and Britain since the United States' purchase of Alaska from Russia in 1867. There were no police in the region, and the Permanent Force of the Canadian Militia was only around 800 strong across the whole of the country, with the nearest garrison in Winnipeg, Manitoba, approximately away. Gold began to be discovered along the valleys, however, and by 1894 the growing population and

neg: Alaska Territorial Guard too can see clearly the importance of these two battalions which you make up. The real honest-to-God and real-world first line of defense in Alaska ... nearer our opponent, Communist Russia, than any other armed troops in the United States." - General James F Hollingsworth, Commanding General, United States Army Alaska (USARAL), February 1971 True to the earlier viewpoint, the US Army reassigned all Alaska National Guard units out of Alaska to Washington State in August 1941. Alaska was now without military reserves or any form of Home Guard. In the face of an encroaching enemy, the defense of nearly

neg: Alaska Army National Guard Alaska Army National Guard The Alaska Army National Guard is a component of the United States Army and the Alaska Department of Military and Veterans Affairs. Along with the Alaska Air National Guard, it makes up the Alaska National Guard. Alaska Army National Guard units are trained and equipped as part of the United States Army. The same ranks and insignia are used and National Guardsmen are eligible to receive all United States military awards. The Alaska Guard also bestows a number of state awards for local services rendered in or to the state of Alaska. In 2006, the Alaska

neg: 1994 Alaska gubernatorial election 1994 Alaska gubernatorial election The 1994 Alaska gubernatorial election took place on November 8, 1994, for the post of Governor of Alaska, United States. Democratic candidate Tony Knowles narrowly defeated Republican candidate Jim Campbell and Lieutenant Governor Jack Coghill of the Alaskan Independence Party. In the Republican Revolution year of the 1994 elections, Alaska's was the only governor's seat in the country to switch from Republican to Democratic. Incumbent Governor Walter Joseph Hickel had been elected as the candidate of the Alaskan Independence Party in the 1990 gubernatorial election. In April 1994 he rejoined the Republican Party and announced in

neg: History of Alaska gold and oil would show it to be a worthwhile one. Scholars debate whether the purchase of Alaska was a financially profitable for the federal Treasury itself, apart from its benefits to Alaskans and to businesses, and to national defense. After Russian America was sold to the U.S., all the holdings of the Russian–American Company were liquidated. The United States flag was raised on October 18, 1867, now called Alaska Day, and the region changed from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar. Therefore, for residents, Friday, October 6, 1867 was followed by Friday, October 18, 1867—two Fridays in a

neg: 1988 United States presidential election in Alaska on a campaign of continuing the social and economic policies of former President Reagan - which gained him much support with social conservatives and people living in rural areas. Additionally, while the economic programs passed under Reagan, and furthered under Bush and Clinton, may have boosted the economy for a brief period, they are criticized by many analysts as "setting the stage" for economic troubles in the United States after 2007, such as the Great Recession. 1988 United States presidential election in Alaska The 1988 United States presidential election in Alaska took place on November 8, 1988. All 50 states

neg: Torres v. Puerto Rico airport and on an island, where the border was international except as to United States citizens. Burger noted that both Hawaii and Alaska, which were states, were also geographically isolated from the rest of the United States, but only federal officials were authorized to make searches—and then only of international travelers. This authority to search was derived from inherent sovereign authority to control who comes and goes into the country, but Puerto Rico lacked such sovereign authority, just as would a state. In a brief concurrence in the judgment, Justice Brennan argued that any implicit limits from the Insular Cases

neg: North West Trading Company and the trading station was sold to Alaska Oil and Guano. North West Trading Company The North West Trading Company was organized in Portland, Oregon, United States in 1879 by Paul Schulze and Henry Villard in order to do business in Alaska. It established a trading post at Killisnoo in 1878; this soon grew to include a fish processing plant at the same site, the first one of its kind in the developing Alaska Territory for nearly forty years. Due to numerous factors, including a mild recession (including Grant's Panic of 1884), rapid expansion of the company, and the uncertain

neg: Gambling in the United States states that do not sell lottery tickets: Alabama, Alaska, Hawaii, Mississippi, Nevada, and Utah. In some states, revenues from lotteries are designated for a specific budgetary purpose, such as education. Other states put lottery revenue into the general fund. Multi-jurisdictional lotteries generally have larger jackpots due to the greater number of tickets sold. The Mega Millions and Powerball games are the biggest of such lotteries in terms of numbers of participating states. Some state lotteries run games other than the lotteries. Usually, these are in the scratchcard format, although some states use pull-tab games. In either format, cards are sold

neg: Alaska water resource region 1906. This region includes the drainage within the state of Alaska. Includes all of Alaska. Alaska water resource region The Alaska water resource region is one of 21 major geographic areas, or regions, in the first level of classification used by the United States Geological Survey to divide and sub-divide the United States into successively smaller hydrologic units. These geographic areas contain either the drainage area of a major river, or the combined drainage areas of a series of rivers. The Alaska region, which is listed with a 2-digit hydrologic unit code (HUC) of 19, has an approximate size of